A STUDY OF THE COMPARATIVE FFICACY OF VARIOUS LOUSE POWDERS THESIS FOR DEGREE OF M. §, 7.1 e LL. FRANK ae, a & i 4 ya SF Te hee eee aes OUP a oo ” COTTA es par roo T a ACY ehoe : + 1 wk te htm eee oe Ul > Os VARICUS LOU 37 POWDER ~ Thesis for terree of Lu. iiecnigan Acriculturel Collcce. JeLyvell L.Prank. THESIS OiUDY OF Ti BOLMPARATIVE EsDICaAcy OF VARIOUS LOUSE TOWNS. JeLyall L.Frank. Introduction. From the viewroint of the average poultryman, an efficient insecticide,to control lice on poultry, may be described as follows; (1) an insecticide that is reasonable in price, (2) one that is readily available for use,(%) easily arplied, (4) harmful to neither birds nor operator, and (5) efficient with the least number of arplications. While ointments and dips may be used effectively, the objections to both these insecticides make the powder form the more desirable for poultry. Ointments may cause burning;they soil and may discolor the feathers, and frequently leave an undesirable odor. All of these last three objections are especially arrlicable to show birds. Dips may cause death by shock or exrosure; only warm and sunny weather can be chosen for time of treatment, necessitating day handling which is objectionable for laying hens. Purthermore dips often soil and discolor the rlumafe. ‘Also there is usually an unpleasant odor which is left for a lone time after dirping. These last object- ions are also arrlicable especiaily to show birds. As&uming that a rowder form of insecticide is desirable this study of the comparative efficacy of 363826 Qe verious louse rowders is asviseble, in order that a yowder which meets the above reauirements may be selected. Further,uron @ review of literature on lice control, there is revealed many difirerent rowders, recommended hiehly for efficiency. Also 2 survey of the market today, discloses many powders advertised and recommended as efficient by the various manufac- turers. Several investigators have published some excellent work with different powders, many of which ere re- commended as one hundred percent efficient. “owever, there has been no mention made of how the numoder of lice Which might have been on the birds efter treatment, was détermined. One is left to assume that the method of determining this fact has been only a2 careful observation in handling the birds. Therefore, by means of special technique (funi- cating with nitrobenzene, which is described later) for collecting any lice that might be present after treatment, an accurate comparative efficacy of many powders should be determined. Thirty-two powders were tested in this manner. One of these powders was tested four times, and three others were each tested tvice,* While some of these were more efficient than others, Sodium floyrid was found to be most reason- able in price, the most readily available, and ape “7 ae L . . efficient (10075) with but one a-rlication. K . . see table of comperative efficacy. s 4.1 ~. 7 because of these findines,it was thous. advisavle to conduet some experiments wit’. soaium fl bweid, these experiments to deterriine the followins zoints : (1) whether its vse in controllins lice world resvlt in © decrease or en increase in evr rrodretion, (2) weether its use world have any effect uron t:.e crowth of younS? colchSe e fey ae . a na noe +ne writer teres Tris orvortwnit; to exrress is ti:armics to Dr.ew.i Chand er,under whose direction ti.is work wac carried out. He wishes also to thank the rovltiry 5 devartnent for use of birds anc ers rroavetion cnherts. Review of Literature. lyrethrum. | XS. Theobald(1leoS) in an articel in “oard's Yairymen, recommends rrretirum as an erfective remedy Yor poultry lice. An erticle in the Arricultural Cazette(1°CC) deals with pyretnorum as a means of control of chicken lice. °:.ervood (1914) states tliat yyrethrum is aveileble at druc stores and may be rsed to Gust sre2l flocks. Biszory (1912) advises dusting broodine hens with ryreti:rum. Abbott (19£C) states trat in lé tests ,ryrethrum powder was found exfective killins e11 the lice within £4 hours.” Me further Stetes thet in dilvtion tests it wes Lovrnd to be verry exfective at e dilution of 5%. Vhis was effective "if very carefull: anaGd thorovrhly arplied." he mekes tie following conclusion about pyreterun,"Good,fresh nyrethrun a, the best insceticices Tor control of lice, bnt it is too exrensive for use on a lurve a DU ot Lat: MS. or many years before -“oultry culture vecane advenced to te point where it is tocay, undoubtedly tie only means of rrotection acainst lice aiforced, Yas & dust bat: of some sort. Cirds use tiis means of protection es a netural instinct. Man céme to meecr- svond this metiod of protection directiy from his observations upon the habits of birds. Ky One may sum up all vie recommendations for te se of the aust bath,in statins thet every roultry yerd should have for evailadvle use, st baths of sone kind for the birds in it.Even one of ordinary wr road dust is better tran no betr at ell. “Ie realize is to the birds. cr Uhawy what water is to man, dus Abbott(1°20) cives results of tests with dust baths that conelusively determine their valve. He tested the efficacy of two dust batns to which rad been acded yowders containing nicotine, nephthalene, and sugphur. He reports that when these batrs were furnished lovsy hens, 95 to 100% of the lice “cre killed. Fe suns ur i. Cc O es 0 ct oO 0 ct bs’ wn Oo tis result in @ wa; that mey ar-ly aowhole. "Bhis method of treatment is not, however, @very practical one, Since all fowls do not dust themselves anc a few that do not, will eventually reinfest the whole flock. Ye » Homemede Jowders “entley(1913) recom encec a rowcer thet is mete at home. It can be mace accordine to the follovins formule : 3 parts gasoline,l pert crude carbolic acid(90 to 95% strenge# l part cresol. Trese are mixed torether anc acded credually (with constant stirrinse) to enourch plaster of peris to take up all the moisture.Arout 4 auerts of slaster of paris are re-uired to ebsorb 1 ouart of the liquid. ‘When this is dry it is used as a cust,errlyine it thoroughly over thre birds. Shervwood(1914) sives the follovin> as a louse powder. rz . iL 7 h o parts cacoline,l nart cresol. these artmixed and to the mixture is adced as much plaster of reris or land rlaster Gry it is statec Y Co as tre Llicuid will moisten. After tris i it sould be liberally arrlied to fowls. Sherwood remarks in tis recomiendetion that tre above rovder is rather strons for vorne chicks Herrick(1l9Olé)reives tie Cornell (Lavwry) Fowder as the best knovm remed; ry to t:.at time. It is made e.: Follows; " vo and one-half pounds of rlaster of raris’is spread in a shallow pen or tray. One-fourth rint of crude carbolic cid 1S pourec into a cur, and into this is potred thwree- . fourths pint of casoline. the mixture of acid and rasoline is poured over the plaster of rearis and thorourhly mixed. It is then rubbed through a wire window screen on a piece or paper and allowed to stanc for from one anc one-half to two hours or until thoroughly dry.It must not be placed near a flane or any heat. The powder should be kert in a closed can or jar,where it will retain its strength: for a lons time.the powder is ayvrlied by means of a sifter or Pr Ue with the Singer, and is worked in among the feathers abort the vent, in the fluff, and wicer ti.c wines. In extreme cases the arrvlication should be rerected in ecout two weel:s.e. A small rinch of the rowder is surficient for a fewl.” Lerrick also gives a table of cost of dusting fowls. Nstimatine cost of rowder, labor in apvlication etc., I.e finds the average cost per one hundred hens to be about thirty-two cents. Lamson and Manter (1916) state thet this rowder was found unsatisfactory, for in a few days after it was used the live lice were not meterielly reduced. They do not consider dustion as a desireable remedy unless it is rereated at very freouent intervals. Sulphur. Biskopr and Wood (1917) state that flowers of sulphur wren ayrlied thoroughly in dust form kas been found to destroy all steses of several srecies of lice. They also state treat in a fey instances some lice re- mained on the fowls after treatment. Tiey attribute this to the difficulty of gettinse the dust over every portion of the fowls, and remark that thorovsh and careful avvlication of sulphur is reovired. Tie followinre comment on sulphur is made by them; " Abont four days are required Tor the fowls to be freed of livins lice. The ready avelilability of flowers of sulrhur and its comraratively low cost per yound, tend to recommend it for this use. Purthermore,it is not disarrecable to handle. A number of poultry raisers, however, heve stated that injury ‘fe to the fowls sometimes results from the use of sulphur, altiovus;h the writers heave seen no injury further than a very slirht scalins of the skin followins treatvent. Mis possible tD that the injury observed by Some wes due to mixing sulphur with srease or other srbstances. To accomplish comrlete destruction the writers have founc it necessary to use con- siderable cuantities of sulrhur,averarine ebouvt 6 rounds rer one hundred fowls,which st ten cents rer round would malze a cost of xty cents for the matcrial." Lamson and Menter(1°16/ warn against the use of sulrhur and lard, as well as against the use of sulphur. Abbott(1920) states that," Used freely as a dust,sulphur forms a cheanr end very effective lice killer." Naphthalene. Abbott(1o1°) gives comrlete data concerning: narhthalene. He eremined fowls evcry one or two devs after treatment Wit. narhthalene as a dust,and estimated the results. He states the following concernine naphthalene: 1.5% of naphthalene in lime as an inert carriett, kills from 5 to 10.) of the lice. 535 of nerhthalene (in flour) kills ebout 10” of the lice.10% (in flour) kills from 90 to 95:5 of the lice. This rercentage of naphthalene made all the birds treated sick for a time,but they e211 recovered. 15% of nanhthelene (in flour) kills from C5 to 9&4 of the lice. (Tirds sick, but recovered).20% (in flour) kills from 95 to 1003) of te lice (Zens sick but recovered).60;. (in charcoal) not rubred in kills 100% of the lice. (Dirds sick but recovored).60% (in charcoal) rubted in, kills 100°) of tic lice but also the birds trested.10C,o of narhthalene when not rubtved in is 100,, efficient(birds sick but recovered). ICO). when rubbed in is also 100; efficient but kills the birds treated. Abbott(1¢eec) co:m:ents as follows ; "A powder conteinince O of nerhtielene was effective acainst these rests(lice) but slichtly injured the birds,and 60,. killed the birds when well rubted in. Naphutralene sprinkled over the backs of fowls at roost rrovea to be of considerable vaelte arainst chicken lice. Naphthalene nest errs were of no velve.acainst lice and pwoved injurhous to sitting hens." Sodium flourid. Bishorp and 00d(1917) were the first investicators to use podium flourid as a dust for killing chicken lice.In its use they also originated the method of applying a dust to fowls termed the "pinch metl.od*. unese WuracviS report that in a series of tests with various substances generally advocated for lice cestruction, nothing else was found to ve as satisfactory as Sodium FLOnrid.They find that although the pure powder is effective it is nét as easily anjlied es a dust as is the commercial form. (The comm->reial form shovld contain from 90 to 98% sodium flovrid). They recommend Sodium flomrid over all other substences, stating that ™ one arplicetion... to all fowls on 2a given rremises will comrletelt destroy all lice present."fhey also recommend this powder in treating young ehicks es well as for older birds “They find no ill effects on the chickens results from the use of sociun flourid. The only irritation tot may result is %ti.¢ effect vron the air vracseces. This mey caus lsbtorec oreeat inm or sneezine, but tiey find t at this con- dition is not noticeable ea few minutes after trecetment. ivhen the rowcer remeins on the body of ti:c operator for several hours, the rerort a slight irritetion or burnins on tender yortions of the skin. Liey Lind that by the pinch method Once pound will be svfTicient to treat one nundred birds. This 1S en aryroximation based on treatment of larre number Wells(1919) recommenés sodium flbyria es "the best remedy’ Kinchorne and Green(192C) in © rorular vulletin for boys and girls’ clubs,recommends sodiun flawrid. U.5.D.Aw tert.Cire.16 also recommends this powder. Babeock(192C) as well, recommends sodium flouric. Abbott(192C) reports tiat this substance has been found to be very erfective. liscellanpous powders. Abbott(1920) reports on various rovders testes as follows;¥ torty-five of the common rrorrietary povcers gen- erally sold as ‘Lice towder','Lice Eiller','Lice Exterminatof etc.,were tested and wit:. few exceptions were found to be effective if thorouchly arplied. these rovwders sre all of the Same general typeand contain one or more of tie followings active ingredients ; llavithalene,nicotine,sulphur,or phenols, and are mixedwith lime,sand,fuller's earth,or diatomaceous earth as a filler or carrier. l'ost of these astiwe inrredient sve been tested separately and the minimum amowmts that will on + © “ 3 7 -- 7) m~ fh oA - ~ mn FP em -- no wee ete , 7 oa OR OT . roca a oy Oma Ts 7 “> - ta CG fy " .? t “ ‘ ; : . ‘ . , C: ‘ ‘ ' vt L - aw ~ j ate — o~ ~~" ”- ~ © oo. a“ ~ - ™ ’ . es coast =a ° eycc on % - omAyne aN (~ “ r™ Cr TAS e- cme - ‘ “” % a vires @ i we 4 _ 7 —~- f Cy oN ha oe " ~ oN CG: Of 7 Ga Jd i) — t ‘ ‘ - tae -~ © ae . Poe tole NG ~~ wv 7 - oh, : ‘ e oe - . an’ 17 wee “ ~4 , i me Go . -. 77 i YY an en7 7 - 37 eR / \ “4 © our} . swe yeh ALS my - crf An oq 1 Re , ie QL wt ot. a ‘ ' re Ce i) . ee vu o . [ ne mo et, ae NS, 9 a ‘ @ : 9 ~ a ; 9 e 9 ae a 9 a , 9 soo ” s - m om ° ~ oe = - ~ oy Seen nO. > wA . A O a 17 aa 47. Mp ti tase Te Tom dee gery ms we - : _/ _ ' 4 we Me wt Ge we oe WU ' . LG Sef _ ~ - . evuw te “> ry @ « } 4 . ‘. i] e nm. , e Cutt ome Ft a DT ee mae pp yt a pres wr ov ahoe oe NO =. ur Q Bt tm ew woe ~ b, cee et a ae to. aw tye 1 . -®@ oo ws - joetvet Die2 ov sp use es oe Pe go ames ie Tatars, boriven. ~ Ta _ i. 7 .. ~-y 3 . ~ ~ — . “ i 7 co “Oo . wey 7” 2 7 7 PV LO Wy 0 aes Clu, Civ J dp aliu pli aL Ol gp eee fF aA’ LOYO= 4 - ad ~ 4 aa 5 c™ ot oN -- ~*~ ~ Cty An mm 7m oA rT a. ~ *. ~ gm. “ANON “ ” cm LN o vrs -~ eo “ wm NT. LY t 4 2m 7 yok 1 OTL. . ase bee ~u 2 Ve UI a 9 v hs Lo CO bum: oe ~~ tN VoL au. - i 4 Qvehs 1CoaL ° -- 4 7 ° a 2 v?~> Sane ID peewee t A 7 - “7 P3494 ; $ 1 . 1 °, . 7 1 >, 2m ap MY ,aI4 yyraNe com Lam cy in co treat oF7 @ delon lics. “os vba Tloupic,clores, sr scilice wade Say es n aon. mee ma aw ee - 4. OE PO I SET OD OT, SNOW OOT Fa _ , TV - - ryt ran) , S74 Vn eare i ree ayers fee, ~ OO LA Sort A. voileuic is learco qvevttiastgrer t eleor in too nN - Te ees 2.7 4 Pan AD- ~2 27 7 Ww mam, ~ ne vee r o : ' C. 7 ro orn te tL - VOO wel. ete . ut 1 = (" e - ". eke Wrycasis ics aCe “i L I @ - ; e oe me ’ JZ. e J. ° eon - os . “a7 ~ ww 4 - ma Ao me ~=a , -] ct Ym of ~ on ~ 7 “1 oe -~ en ad cn ~ ye os aw Ci WL te . . ou - v moa _ (: -_ i) tothe CHO Cle 3 an 1 VL! LC ML ow C? i \ e \ u. T (ES wl te -> 4 evan 4. ey. 7 $ -. C c ‘ v~, cn $ 7 amet To wv 7 1. * 7. 4 . ‘oT or lice cartruLl 2 Lely op Sievers ,icincoo,enc Ay cot. VJells, hs - ara ~ nn i y- Oe nN - --- a. 7 4.9 a. Syme: . .. -28 istiovr,and Leale(1CL®) rerorte?d treat ferris kills e211 forms . a. at. le 7% -™ v ~ V¢ ’ 7 . a ~ —- a Le ad. _ of lice on cattle and Torwlyyit. no ari ecrent ecrfect vpon 4A a baie am) 4. “ne Ufits O ( Cr or 1O ie OTVaAtt 7 r ver5 co - FAT 4. - Q os wry 4.° 5 J. rw 4 Yur: ar “ ™ J. « STORY 1 OVWover wee ’ ev Rete Soe v ae wo OC Cc “oo eal kt im Se - — Lad — - a Jf woos -. as UY 2 Looe ’ 9 io © wt po tL 9 ! e ~“ re e 1 ~ J. 2 2 - J. * am Ne, + = f ~, coe - t me wy 7y s ot 1 sl TreO3Te We. 1 [ys Ta x : POT LC Ones » tLowual fvs~@ li. Tech VIL CUE e The powders used were arrlied as per directions on the cans,with the excertion that a second aprlication was admin- istered even if directions did not so state.The pninch method was used also, end in some cases the rowders were sprinkled on tie birds from the cans. = In some instances,whnen two arplications proved 4ffective that powder was tested with one arvrlication. Five days after the the last aprilication of each powder unless otherwise stated in the experiment, the birds were fumigated wit': nitrobenzene, accordins to recommendations by Chandler(1917)%* ‘he actual fumigation chamber used during investigation with the physiological action of nitrobenzene, by Dr.Wl.L.Chandler at Cornell University*,was employed throughout the period of these experiments. Defore fumigation a clean rarer was srread uron tre floor of the chamber,and folded ur about four inches arainst every side. the birds were then carefully introduced,and left within for not more than one and one-half hours, at a temr- erature of not more than twenty decrees Conterrade. This method of fumigation was used only es ea means of collectins the lice,and at the short time fumifrated,no injury resulted to the birds. After funicetion was completed,the birds vere removed m4 Ls and the paper exemined. ithe lice were collected,classified, and recorded. ** Chandler, /.L.- Investigations of te value of nitrobenzol as a@ parasiticide,with notes on its use in collecting exter- nal parasites. Jour. Far. 4 : &7-38., 1917. xk Chandler, iW. lew thysiological action of Nitrobenzene veror on animble. C Ue expt.sta. Memoir 20 » 1919 In revovine the vearer, care was excercised to co so _ @) Slowly end watchfully,that no lice micnt be lost. The lice were stupified by thre nitrobenzene varor,and did not crawl off. After careful examination of tt): rerer with a lerre macnifyine glass, and after collectios all lice found in tis manner,the cebris left on the parer wes carefully brushed int a glass basin,from which it wes arein exemined vith binocul- ars. In this was every ~Treceution,and every care was taken that none of the lice be lost.Upon exrosure to the air for a Short time, the lice would begfin to move legs slowly. Thus it was determined whether of not the powder used before fumigation had or had not killed the lice. ” For ecah experiment three birds were used. After these birds had been obtained from the poultry plant,each set of three was put in clean caces. The powder then st hand was ayplied, and the birds kert under observation for the entire time of the experiment. As the birds were kert in tre laboratory which had cement flooring, a board floor was used under each care. Between each exreriment these floors were scrubbed with chlorineted lime,so that no chance of reinfestation of the next set used,occurred. The cages were exhibition cares made of heavy wire. These were easily cleaned and were adapted to use in the aboratory. Around the bottom of eac?. care,and under the flog boerd, a large sheet of ‘heavy browm rerer was srread. This paper was then folded and tied un arount the cerces for ebout one foot. Thus there was little debris scettered about, and 7 there was little chance of contact between cares. Fach care wesc pleecc at lesst three feet from em other caorc. Lovsllr there were not more tien Tive crres in tic lavoratory at one tine sd@ this distance wes erester. Sle hires were not removed from cares excert to a:rly @ rower Or to Pumicete.e D4. Oneen tk a ana 4: a +. 7 ~ : a After Pumication,vnless ovnerwice novec,the bizras were am 7 a. 4 . mn “ sr ~. - ver: a 7 ~ -?r ~v I> - d- MON “wes 4 returned to the vorlury rleant, where tie were Kert scrarate ~_ vs “” a4, any - , cr y=4 O74 E11 Ov.-C7 biras, Lit no cace were ay birds oe “a -" = 4. “~ -” ~ Cn. Oeil: The Or ~OoyT a had been » revi whe pen isolated from other } ° % 4 LULA than once,c used Tic Diets vsed es 2 check,(three in each set) were Lunicetet wit’ so previors acrliestion of any rovder. “rvs iv willl be observec. that the citference in lice comtec, between tl¢ cleek fumiceations and the fumiretionc efter treavment with eo roveer,will cive & means of cetermsininze the yerecenteve or efliciency of the ;owder tested. A simple cmenple mir ot be riven to illvstrete how the percenvere OF efvececy of & rovcer wes determined. svi vose three birés frricated vith no vreviors trestiuent( Tec). assume lice covnted to be 10C. Simrvose threc birds Lumicated afluer voing ea powder.Acssume lice covmnted to te 40. Pie citrerence in lice counted 15 60,and therefore tre etTieacy of ti. powder tocted is 60%. The fect thet fumiecetion with nitrobvenrene vos inci- dentel in collectin= only abort half of tie lice yrecent on we birdsy inches no aiiforence in ece Ficwres. The same Ve civs lice ,rGescent wee collected Prom bother erimen hires and cleci biris. 14. As all t?.e birds used were in t).e sane environmental conditions,et the stert and durins the period or investira- tion, a series of check fumiretions were run at rereuler i. intervals,trroughout tris period. Deseription of exreriments. Experiment I Powder lLicex. Menufecturer'’s enealysis * "Containing TIvrethrun,Nerh- thalene, sulphur, sopinol,in an enti-parasitic base. For lice anc itleas on horses,cat Directions ; oprinkle freely into heir or feathers 1d reveat in ten days to cestroy lice hatched from nits. £9 Sprinkle freely; into kenne.s and nests." -~ manufactured by : R.ed.Jtrasenburgh Co,life.Chenists. o-18-21. First avvlication as rer cirections. o-lo=-c2l. second application. Fumigeated- 4-4-cl. Kesults. opecies of lice. living. deade Lienoron stramineun,Nitzsch. 47 2 Vfenopon frallinae, Linn. 56 1 Lireurvs caronis,Linn. 7 Lireurus heterorrarphus,Nitzsch. 10 Goniocotcs holocaster, Nitzsch. 41 1 Total L61 4 + 7 me e hound, €8.9%. efficient. * Nomenclature used according to Harrison, Parasitolory, Vol.9,i1,1916. Lue Experinent II Tovider Sodium flayric. Turchesed in bulk by Pert.of Entomolory. 4-15-21 Pirst arrlicetion by "zinehn method” * “umicated= 4-20-cl1. Returned to same yen from wi.ich taken. Bunmireated= 4-27-21. Recultse iter first fumigetion- Abcomen or ll.straminerm found in @ dried up concition. MQ living lice found. After second Tiriration- No living lice found. ound, 100%) erficient. Experiment III Fowcer Sodium flé@y ride Furchased in bulk by Dept.of Entomolory. Six birds were rut in ea large pen. After about six hours three were fumiceted for a ecneci: covnt,and returned to +) roultry plent. the remeinins three birds were left in the same uncleaned yen. 4-30-21. Treated by pinch method. Punigated- 5-6-2l,and returned to pen from which tahen. Kumigeted- 5-14-21. Result After first fumicaetion, 8 dried up,dead lice were found. After second fwiigation, 5 dried uy,dead lice were found. Found, 100/53 efficient,with one application. * As described in Farmers' Bulletin # GO1,U.S.D.A. LG. Experiment IV Ilovwder Jodivm fl@yrid. 6-21-21. First arvrlicetion,rinch method. Pumisated- 6-27-21 Results. No living lice were found. Found, 100f. efficient with one arrlicetion. Experiment V_ TIowder.Sold to Veterinarians, Py American Veterinary Surrly Co. ~~. e Uv x * llenufacturer'’s Analysis as per catalogue : Sulphur, L . Pyretirun, obacco,Napht:alene,Oil Cedar,Calcium precipitated. A dark brovm powder, rersistpht but not unprleesant gdor. Beings arrlied in dry form it contacts Whole surface of animal,without danger of absorption, irritation,or poisoning likely to occur from liquid preparation.In addition there is less oprortrnity for bad affects from exposure in cold or storny weather." 5-O-£1. First arrlication. Srrinkled from can,fluffing into feathers thorourhly. 5-15-21. Second errlicetion. Fumigated- 5-20-21. Results. Living dead Goniocotes fices,Tasch. 1 G.holoraster 11 2 lle callinae 18 1 lie Stramineum ZO 1 L.caponis 3 Total 56 4 F ° ° Hound, 69.4 §o efficient. 17. ™ ? “xoriment VI rowder Hess' Instant Louse Hiller. Manufacturer's analysis : " Narhtialene 14::,Tobacco powder(inert with exception of nicotine present)3.6 “4, Vieotine ols, Fuenols .1)2,Com ercial Iydretet Lime 49% ry? Ochre (inert) 33°. ™ Directions : "Sieze fowl by lers,head dowmward,sprinkle in feathers,dust thoroughly,esrecieally about vent where lice are most numerous. sepeat in one week. Also dustabout floors, roosts,nests,etc.,” lianufactured by : Dr.Mess & Clark. O-2£o-2£1. First aerrlication as per directions. 5-27-21. Tro days after treatment one bird found dead. Removed from care and buryied. 6-j-21l. Remeinine tro birds treated a second time. Pumigetede 6-6-21 Results species of lice livins dead Ge icas L L.neterographus 4 L.caponis 10 l'. crellinee 28 lie stvamineum & G.hologaster 435 Total 88 0 Found, 75.2 a efficient. Loe BXpEeLTLMen’s VII bowaer iasereacichlorobenzene. . Purchased in bulk bz Lret.of “ntomolory. 5-25-21 Pluffed into feathers from srrinm:ler can. 6-4-21 Yecond treatment. After each treatment, birds stesrered about for a few hours, but arrarently were nomial after tict perion. Suiicated=- 6-9-21. Results. Species of lice living ceed. Lecaponis 17 Leheterorraphus. 39 iecallinae Oo l.. stramineum 4.7 Geholocaster e Total 183 O Found, 65.6,efficient. Lxperinent VII Tovwder svulrhur. Furchased in bulk by Vept.of =ntomolory. 5-25-21. First treatment,pincn method. 6-4-21 Second treatment. Munaigated=- 6-10-21 Kesults. “pecies of lice. Living deed Ge holoraster a li. gallinae 5 & Lecaponis 0 L Total 5 6 Found, 99.% efficient. Lxperiment Tot Fowaer oOuvlrhure 6-21-21 Mluffed into feat-cers,sprimilins from cen. this was ea thorough treatment,usinge a vast enount or sulrhur. umigfated=- 6-27-21. Results. Species of lice Living jead Iie streaminetm 17 lefcallinae 1d Geholosabter 87 Lecaronis 7 Leheterogrerhus ol Total 157 O 7 e e Pound, 79.430 efficient with one arrlication. Experiment X Tovéer Lee's Louse lower Manufacturer's anelysis : “Active inrredients(sulphvrr, aphtielene,pyretirmm) 70 30, Inert ingredicnts(Saolin Aa 29)5,Umber lz» ) 30 ).." Directions for poultry : " Rub rovder into feathers and fluff thorovgnly.tnis may be done best by holding fowl hwad down (by lees) and sprinkling the rovder over fluff around legs and vent. It may be rubved in and worked dowm throus:: feathes to ead of fowl. It is elso well to scatter a hendful of powder in the nest box." 6-20-21 Pirst arrlication es rer Girections. 7-11-21 Second avriication as ver first. Puricated- 7-15-21 Results. Fou-d, 98.8) efficient. species of lice living — cead L.neterorrar inn 1 L.caponis 5 Toten raster 7 o bzperiment XI Fowder Larvs rt's Pert’ to Lice. r ~ -f* af >> 1 * a ‘sa E™ + tT s -* —< i 7 -%. y 2 Manurecturer'’sS anolesis : “"Ticotine,;not 7ecs tren .f., a) Creosote oil,not less tren .6,.,Inert inerecicnts not 4. QQ. fo 1D | vent) ele OF ,7e more Direetions 3; “"Layine nens anc large chicexs weil dusted at nisntevork well amon> fluffy featl.ers,esrecially below vent." 6-00-21. Sirsy cs viic&tion as yer Cirections. 7-ll-cl. AS yer first. Pumicetede 7-16-21. orecies of lice Livins Cea’. lie ctrervinenm Le liperellinee £1 Gektolocaster 29 Lahetcrocrerius 4. L caronis 5 Pound, 92.° 5 efficient. Experiment XII Fowder fFratt's Louse Miller. Lianufacturer's enalysis : "Iyrethrum 4;.,MNicot! ine. 34%, Vari.thalene 5.6C.,Inert inrredients,°O.06;: ." birections : "For poultry lice. Hold chicken by feet, head dovm, this will oren feat? e:s in fsood shere to receive tie powcer. After c: sting fowls with rowder,work it in their AL. 03 feathers and CHLn vLuLvug isaye -tte FOuwUCr oroula be iii 4 liverall; around tre vent, as tiere t’.e lice are moren numerous. Also dust powler throusiout poultry howuse,in dust baths,nests,roosts and on floor. be sure to srrink’e the powder on ti:e frovund were the c:ickens usuelly run durins v? 1- ”%y - * me + tire mi i@LY MON bi Se lianufactured bi Frett sood Co. M=veriment LIT (Continved) Yell-21. 3irst ep licatior ee: er Cireetions. 7-2Q1-2 Second ar lication,as rer first. Svriceted- 7-26-21. nesults. oyecies of lice living Cead l'.g@allinae & lie straninew 3 ; Lecaronis 2 aphe, Ge:oloraster 4. Total 11 O Pound, ©O.3. efficient, Yor lice. Tyo Livine mites were collected ,also, (lermanyssus rallinee,DeCeecr. ) y,. yy “ry , a > ~~ wy - = TY a ! ~ s ho v 7 sa=periment ..LlIl soveer Fleekx'’s Lice -owder. _< dinnaan neal aware Tr . 2 we ° tant a llanvtecturer' S auelysisc : Active inrrecients -- , om a ~ 1 Toayithelene 15,.,hicotine,not less t’an .Ol», are a7 T an eye a ae 4 Co vY syvreticun L.o,inert increcionts c4 ; tL irections :; "To kill lice on roultry. Fold bird by less and cust the powcer toorourhly treroucn the feat ers,especial- ly under wineé,about vert, and hecd,aslice are usuelly found in tlese rlaces. As this oreration only re wires a morent, a large flock may be custed in a snort time if an essistant catches the birds. The dead lice willidrop fro the bircs in a few minntes efter the rowder has been arriied. If vou ere Sxepticsl try t:.e nowder on a fowl ewen tf you think there are no lice. Flece en old newseracer under it anc Shake out the featziers for 4 or 5 minutes end tien examine the reper ry carefully; you will then undoubtedly be convinced tat the I powder 'kills . "™ oO Leveviment III (Continied) T-leecl. sirst earplicetion as rer cirections. Tele -21. weconad treatment as rer Tirst. Mumicated- T-27-2 (There wes evicence of powder ctill on toe birds) ): e@cles ov lice livine donc. Lecaronis 727 1 Genoloraster ee G.esicas jie callince 112 2 l.g Stranineun O | Oo ? Total tJ ©O 1) ~ CD De crallinae und, 4.7. efficient. axperire:t XIV Towder Sabadilla seeds (rrovnd) Furehased by vert.eof sntomolor:. T-Vo-e1 First errlicetion,piner method. Le kG-L1 yvecond evrlication, rineh metiod. Buieeted=- 7-20-21 R cans 4-~N Ps aye’ vive Species of lice Living dead Te callinee LS Lecaronis LO 7 Latel EG 7 Found, 97.5, efficient. Experiment XV Towder Berium flOpyid. Furelased by Lert of tatonolory. 7-14-21 first exrlicetion,pinceh method wa. 4 +s A, ~ a at vlication 2s ner “irst. no > Exverirent LY (Contim:ed) precies livins lice ig Stremineun 7 lecellinzce 6 Lecenonis 139 Geholioraster 1” ~otel 1L6o “ound 65.5,) efficient. Experiment XVI Towcer Cloves(powclered) 7-15-21 First arrliicetion,rine’: metrod 7-E0-£1 Second apylication,rincel method. Purigated c-c-2£1. Recu species living lice. I?.~cellinae 9 lL... Suremineun 8 Lecaronis 18 Ge holovaster 13 G.gthcoas 1 Cotel 9 “ound, uxperinent " A dis peint,or (Advertised as Teloee]l Sirst 2 Tee 21, Wajra4 Puni ca mpecies or living lice Ii.~stramineiun liegoullinee G.nologaster Lecaronis aVil second arplication es rer 95.7) Efficient. Tovcer Carbole. Tectent powder-to be used wit:. water as a insteed of whitewash. " a2 louse powder in ary forn “yLication, by Serimiling enc. Tlurfins. 1 { a 2 “sod: ao .WwJVe dead. Oo” 2 125 A Total 412(livinge) a 11 (dead ) wo 105 5 Sound, 64.5,0 efficient. TN awe ~ , rey “oS pero ™ wee a o% ~ PO nc. . a - “~ -} 2" j. epi el mt —¥aiil ~O.wCeY res rersuiGné Sw eae ( YOu ) Y, a o “i , ~-y Te 4. mo iat 4 a io 1 4 (-2U-21 “rst ey > licatvion,rineh mevi.od mr a a - VS ot w- Say, ? 2 T-OC HLL eeconc eiylicevion,yiner metiod. Were f mated £ 27 . val Le aueue Gate eT ft c+ Ca e TY “| ne Sli ovrecies or living lice li. strervinewun 10S lepollinae L7o Lecaznonis | aC? G.nolorester LES Total 742 “ound, 55.7)5 efficient. Experiment “IX Stinson's Insect sowcer. Directions :" Blow rowder into feathers until it reaches all rerts of tro body,esreciali:;y under winss,ance on head and neck." T-ce-e21. -irst errlication es rer cirections. Sel-el Second ervrlicetion @s rer first. Sunigated- 6-6-21. Results. > No Living lice were found. Found,1C0,. efficient with two errlications. Experinent Xa Powder Jyrethrum. Purciased by Dert.of “mtomolory. nto featners. fe 7-25-21 Sprinklea and fluffed thorourhly ~2-21 necond arvlicetion as rer Tirst. “unigated- C-S-2l1. Results No living lice fornd. Six mites(D.callinaed (livine) were Found, 100 % efficient for lice with two avrlicetidgAgnt- a burerir eit il : 0° Tere Vyrst exrii Cece el second arp Purirated- GeC-21 resvlts. ing lice found. 4 V vnc, loo,. efricien Sreyeriment trill ™ wee a OV Ke er &H U e leavion rinen met.oae Witi. two arrlicetions. ’ i ea .27r-on-'lies. Directions :"S.eas enc ecuilcken rives . Sprinkle next a ale tO animals or 7-27-21) awe oe ye [4s 2 1 2LYrsye Om -2l1 second B-1 1-21 4- ex Uwe Kesul No living lice toiwnc. mm LO on ——s\ wr vat I I sm ot ~f- 0 th de watan a. eriment 4% Te20-e£1 So rinmcled x wy my 97 B-7-22 Second Sunicated- 6-12-21. After eacr for tivo or Tollowinrs cay face of the plumarce,and m floor or t).¢€ care. * CH ev a> lieetion as por und, 1lOC,. efficient wit.. Fowcer ! “* Wd 2. oe e-vilication treatment bir re lice were observed to come in,dust coop,kennels,or stall.” 4. ton ass rev Civractions. aed One live mite(D.rallinae) found. two arrlications. a4 aw ” . AACR . - + 4° > y, 2 ei Lfeatiers end flvtfed etout. vary Pi ypat aS Ter LiPSsve Jam yaw ayalc atarcraxyry D ut art GS Were o1C., “€riainre B200UtT Care, Is normal in ections the A. er u to the sur- A ony were Seen ecrawlinr ebout vee ex teu.4 for one arrlication. ole Deserimens “.TII (Continveé) Khesults. srecies of lice Living CcCade Te Stvaninevn 23D 2 li. callince 16 L Lecearonis 1LE5 6 Geholoraster Le Experiment XilV lowcer Arsenic trioxid. CH O-e21 Syrinkled anc flutfed tyrourn featrers. O-l5-2£1 Second errlicetion as :cr “irst. E6-16-21 One bird observed very week. C-17-21 Same bird found cdead,bocy covered with mites. Body wemoved and buryied. Humiceted- C-16-2£1 Results. No Living lice were founc. Collected 2502 mites (D.callinee) from the remeinins two birds. Found 10C,. efficient Zor lice. Experiment XXV JTowder Cornell(Law-:) Towder. Yiade aS cpecitied by Herrick.* 8-4-2] Sprinkled en: flutved treorovehle throves': feathers. 8-14-21 decond erilication,as per First. Punieated- C-1°0-21. Results. ie Stramrineun CL iiefallinae 7 G.holoraster 62 Potel 226 Found, 67.3, efficient. *See Literature cited. 00 ; 4 eocperinent MMVI Fomemade Powder. Inde 2s follows: one rert creciin,one rert cervolic acid, tS fasoline,; tiese were mixed into enowct:: rlester of 01 05 ry Le to cive moist result. Tien the snbstence was mixed [+> C2 Car my thoroushly and screened. After drying for a time was rut in can and used @5 & Guste C-5-21 First ae: rlication,srrinzlec ana fluffed into Featherse Cel5-£1 second evrlicetion as rer Jirct. TY. 4 a ™ AT oO Pumicated= GeeGecl T? smd 4- (on) arsO its ~ Vie — 4 A“ d Wh i J a Se ~ ed > my oo a j—4 ert. ’ (3 tt ZiT f4ey fl Psyc ren CS t ¢9) YOON «oD +4 en AD pS Lecaronis Geuolocaster Fd XN to “otal 4.7 Pound, 52.3) efficient. Experiment 7OrVII Zee Brand Insect Fovder. 37} Manufecturer's Analysis : "Cround from rure closed ryrethren flovers.™ ~~ ° ° wn “(> \ aa yy yce oO AAA - + Ts Directions : "Sor fowls end Animels- sererate feathers or - a. a ~ -/) = 4. 12 TY .tver nowcer next to Siiin. OmxC-21 Aprlied es rer cirections. d- & Lesults L.Gaeronis (Living ) % (Geesda) 2 cwo mites(livine) D Callince c C) Found, 98.9 { efficient wit). one ar:lteetion for lice. Va a. “7 YF A yer TT -T on + Experiment “VIII zowcer :0exrstre. ~.—2 4-,--,~,.,!% noe IT. Lanufecturer S ana ysis: "Th Directions: "C:icken mites,lice.and f eas- Sprezy coors anc nests. Hills in lo to 15 minutes.” S-10-21 Blown by sun,about birds thorovelly. Ge2£Q-2£1 Second avrlication as yer Virst. 4 a Fumipated= €-25-c Yo living lice found. a Bound, LOUis efficient with two aprlications *rrreriment ZXIX Towder ‘Sodiuw: florid. G-lO-21 Finch method. Fumiceted- 6-22-21 a sult UDSe Ilo livine lice found. three dried tm srecimen Found, 1l00;. efficient wit’. one aryyvlicetion. Experiment Ic Towder Borax. E-10-21 Pinen method of arrlication, covering trorovecnolye Pumicated- 6-17-21 Results. Species of living lice. Ii. stramineum Lecanonis L*heterograrhus. DIP Sotal 10 Two mites ‘D. sellinae, (living) were found. ct ~ eat +4 mene ~ Ff an de one =A 4 rent incre .ients Cornsterch, yroultry & ‘ere found, tie birds Fornd, 98.50 efficient with one arrlication(for lice) * Fourth exreriment with Sodium flourid. TN wee =~. + + ‘ a wr " TT v9 rr 19 Loyeriment zc] Towder Ul Vomriro. 1 eye ee wen v? . 1, SA ne nase Ant lienufectureter's aenelrysis : “Active inevedients tyrethrum flowers 7&0, Inert inrredients 25°." < sireetions : "For lice on chickons-Blow vowler carefully uncer wines end between lers,end on bocy. Jorecrcr absolutelr c uw useful for chiezxs first hetchec;will not hurt them. 6-11-22. first aevplicetion es rer Cirections. ~21-21 yeconad civlication es ver first. Muoiceted- C-£6-21 Results. Yo living lice f wd Found, 1lOC)> efficient wit two a:rlications. Siperimcnt izoccil Towder Birier's Lice and Lite lower. e 1 ° ° . 4 a , Manutacturer s enalysis : " Inrredients ,Calcium(trérate)96. 5%, Calcium carbonete.5%5, Silica.56%,Iron oxideand alumina .&4%, 4 7 ° e -7 : So “ve re epnesia 2.66/72, “lrnur trioxid .24,., Fineness LOO incsl 99.937) ~~! i) _ 7 4 * , ‘ a e wineness £CO mesh,9S.4652, Sulphur .4%) anh thelene.4”:, soci flonvid 01 penert ingredients [SO.5fo. Directions : “Layine fowls end chicks sit.oulc be well dusted ,esyecielly about vent." a) ' O a OD ry) G-l2-2l #irst application as rer cirections. 6-£2-£1 Second eyrlication as per first. Valrceated=- G-27-21 Results. species of living lice Leheterorrapius Lecaponis Ceu0lorester i. collinee- lie Straminemn G.cicas CQ > tH! IV VWAH MN a ia fj ” 4 Total Le Found, 81.3); efficient. mov, erinentv Mitlil lovder Boric acide Surelhasecd -t crue store. CelO-81 Pirst sc ilieation,rine’. metlod. CHL ORKEL second a .ylicetion,.inc*: nebhod. Punicated- 6-28-21 Hesults. Yo livine lice found. 7 -F e e e Found, 10CC,. efficient wit two cxrrlicetionse C2 aoperiment azooilv kieftain Fowder. Manufacturer's enelysis : "Cround from rure prrethrun 8-14-21 First arplicetion,blovm over birds, flurved into featiiers. 5 -24-21 Second a:rlication as rer first. lo living lice found. Nornd 100. efficient with tro 2 sxperiment TcLIV iowder U-dait. Manvfecturer's enelysis : " Teraform 2%,laphthelene 12% a Flour of sulykur 50%, Inert matter Carbide residue 20% vodinm Flourid 1695." Directions : "Lovltrv- Fert feathers and sift rovwecer on skin ba © ift powder in nests and lice will disarv ear.” 8-30-22 Pirst application es rer cirections. 7-10-22. “econd exrrlication asrer First. Iusigated- 7-15-22. Results. ry wlse Dogerinent My (Continnved) Srecies of lice living cead '.svura:inevm 1 Tile cell inee 4. C.oloresser ZO - Leceponis 46 1 L.neterogrephius © — ~otel 76 eR r? ° ~~ vf 5 - found, %8.1%) exrficient wits. two apylications. Second funication, 7-17-22. 15 living lice were collected. Mxperiment IlLvVI Tovder Poriec Acid. 7T-lee2e. Kirst amlication,yine:r met od. Vs dead Li ra TF 2 te ctrorinemn 6 4 2 Sorel 2 Sound, 9€.9). efricient,withn one erzvlication. Suyperi:e:nt ZoVII Forder Faermnond's Solu Menufsetyvrer's enalysis, "Active inrredients, Sulvkvr 673,Co.7-er sulrihete li.,licotine,trace,Cor-er arsenate 1.507,,Crvde carbotic ecid 2.40%. TeO-€e,. L1rst arrlication,pine:: met od. 7-15-22 Second avr ication,yine?. method. san oO © © pomnirated= 7-20-02 mF e ‘we Experiment "ZLVII toc aw UL 4 Ue yyecies of lice. livine teceronis 9 ~- 7 A. -.s, eae ee Jia soe di. tS yt TO axon as OS 4 ase ary ve tOl Oo. rants er ae mal ~ lie oe sn nae buy a : ; ron 19 TCotel £6 eLTicilent, Wits. to gsrmerinent MuVvITI Fowder roo St ead ~ a-74 s t. TelOo-22. firsvy a rlicetion,rine:: Tila + a oa. re or wl Ce LOU HOCH E TI a4 fC : ff 7 e e . we . x, . Povnd ,1Cc,. efTicient with one Niy,eriment XXX¥X fPowcer —s, Soval volrmre of 1005 Derris corm svarch. SOL OO ws as ; 4 Tescece,. Hirst ervlication,rine? Svrnisceatved= 7-£7-£2. “obacco 10%t sold com tained from is Derris ~s products V-> ercilally ovrliecation. (diluted one-half) -- Irs ~? ’ + <= 7 ave 4 rowcer Was mixeca witt C 2 U tiis a2 LETRA. Table of Compere MV y-+ yO ey) fowler fs-rethrum Stinson's Var-on-Flies Loofstra al Verpiro Criefteai 7orex Boric acid Arsenic trioxid OULELUY Travt' Lambert's Femmond's wluse viot Fowder of Ame veteCo. Barium flourid Licex Pisler's Nepht:alene Cornell (Lawr;;) ~lications a Live 67.3 laradichlorobenzene Carbola _ Sassafras 65.6 03 > i> ©) en e ~J HMomenade lowder 32.3 Pleck's 4f7 ‘ 7s JOaGL UN ~2Piecacy of lovers Qre Towaer Derris Fee ( Srand Iyrethrun) "orie Torax ouULELUr — Le 2) cri. CG. strencti.) Dloyr La acid a y>licetion. efricie rt. LOO LOU 9.9 Cho OG) e \t@ wo Co.5 7924 cD tS e tO er wee reek funmirations.e Durins the reviod of tine ocevrieda by the exreriments cL a _~ qe a 9 birds,wreic: rad not been treated,weze fivsigeated ct recular intervealse “rom these eheal: Lumications the efficacy of the verious rowdaers w aA 3 ™ as 2 @onrutede m~ecies of lice number nurbver number number of of of of 1icee lice . lice. lice. *A-27-21. 5-27-21 6-20-21 7-88-21 - hie stramineur lierallinse Lecaronis Leheterorrarhus G.eholoraster C.ecircas Totals. lie Straminenm lie~gallinge Lecaronis Leheterorrenbus Ge holorester C.ecicas Totals. xk O14 765 49 70 203 1002 103 Lel 67 533 G-20-21. 15 Leek 141 20 289 vate when fumirated. S55 97 409 79 92 & 764 Te1eC-2k~6 LEO £68 71 1L1C7 115 L27 627 lie 167 7 1155 qq Cy wurmar,y end conelusions. Pre teble of comrarative efficiency on pare S4,rives en idea of tie relative killins qualities of the veriovs vested. Of tiiese,nine towcers were found to be 100,35 efficient with two evylications. Cnly two powders were fornd to be 1CC,> efficient with one avrlication. Of tlese two letter yovdcers(Sodium flovrid end Terris), sodivm flfurid is at rresent the more deaireble fovicer. It is readily cvailsble,not too exrensive(abovt ©3.40 yer pound) end does not kave eny avvrarent ifEF effects on adult birds Or mene Verris iS rot on the merket ct the precent time. when Yerris is available,if it is not too ex: ensive, it seems acviseble to undertake more investicetion with it After the findines with sodivn fldayrid,it wes thourcht ad necessary to obtein results after its use. Trese results to determine the following two roints ;: its effect zon eve rrodvetion, by exterminating lice on birés; its effect “1 CGHSe upon growth of youns ¢ Accordincliy, on tie eveninzs of June SCtr,L°ee, th writer treated arvroxinetely halr of all the bircs on the youltyy plent. fl.e other half were left untreated to serve as control to trected birds. there were treated 205 birds,with an eaval number left untreated. ‘Yhe following deta may be of interest : Abovt £5 hours were recvired to trest + Four pornds of socivia Tl4@yrid were voed. Ficurine time at 2040 yer hour tiis would cost,-31.00. Sodivm flouria at *.40 rer pound would cost y1.60.(fhis s-ount of rowder is a ds, -~ a 4-4 “y _ te ~ > , ~ 4-7 Ss A- re ~~ bo «tires tho enornt neceszerrd so tlis cost mez be figpvred et onemliolf,or .j.€0. Totsl cost,t: cretore, may Ww be given es 1.6C,or abort 3.90 per 1CO birés. birds uron @ fiven erea ere treatcd once, ¢ ‘ aA C3 } since if ell b and then kert from beinre reinfestedéb: not placins other untreated birds with them) codium fhourid will cestroy ell tre lice, the ebove cost is rot excectvive to eye hv ne Lollowinzs tables of eve yroauetion will cive the 4- -CCU sodium 2lojric res vron eco vroduction. (This effect slhorm by lice externinnted,a — his emveriment were lovey wi helt fA bo investircete the ‘ ° 7 an | =e =a ~~ DP», ~ 4 ' , s << 4. >. mam s + ay ae - ~, at the end of dvly,ftimicetions of tree bircs from 4.1 at. I eoe: ver revecilecd tie Tact tuct ell yens,trested or untreated 5 -*. ~ “es - -7 -~ err wy eZ MCV des - 14 a - : with one exceytion,neld birés tort vere lovcr. The treated bircs s'iowed a decided smaller number of lice yrresent tien i 4 - 1.» a tis s n V. de . 9 7 Yon an ® did the tntreated birds. +his,uncoubtedly,shows that @urins the latter weeks of July,the treated birds were reintested in sore wez. 211s fect will tn some Cevree maxe the results of this experiment of less velue,ti.an they could heve been head tre treated birds not been reintested. It is necessary i to reyeat this ex veriment,vuncer eusolvte serreration of the two sets of birds(treeted and tntreeted). Chen tre resvlts will snow accurate records,and will aefinite as to the —44 QJ '¢9) number of evce produced by each set. Conditions et tne youltry ylend were not sver thet the ° * “1 +” V7 X ON Le ‘ ~ “48 LAT UN: “+ Nw IN - "9 ”“s \ “1 35m “> “yey = \ , e 8 Cc C ° 4 = rc. J ~ ” e “ ve 7 e e we ad cr \ 4 T ao we le LC Cc O ko an CO we. wi aa Ge Wim Whee fave J L fou ls J ok O dad Ul e L fae abe eC Loy kb pho Yh e T> .-°? : -- we ITS a, ~ en 7 8 7 wr. : aa a. 7 -t. . a 4. Sertore dvuls Ctl. some bircs were soldjarsc thet would tend tO make ti.c finel results lecs Cetinite,t an tea been 15 anticiyated.e+len too, trere Were mony times curire the period of observetion Wren certain bircs wovld be taxen ovt eae of tueir res ective as, ~ ‘@9) 3 C2 . + t O Fy © ™ d room worke Also, in one instvemce,one yen or treatec birds was ivt with the exdjoin- ing yen of wnitreated birds,and this Pfurtner mece the results less cderinite. Mowever, thie recvlts ere given in tie following rages, anc conelusions are drevm as nearly as possible to eccuracy, from tieme QQ <8) Daily =ro Record for © fen +l lo birds Ancon:s ereated dune 50,1922. TN > .T ‘ L ~ \ r 4 7. ~-e Yv- \- Dey livmber Remarks Thimsex Renarks. > ao ,* ano OL gE Se OL Cre nD cune July TON od (NWF oan 2) hj} } hb SIocb wrk ‘HI t Or OJFOKH MHP OOKrHODMCONYHNIOOMODIO Ons LG Lu ~O el mo no wo 4 25 of wi O Ho t- ET 10 28 10 29 MAM nNnDWOAOwomnmvosodonrn Oana oenwO 0Itn po t+ ™ o0 t3 O c+ gD 4 OQ 0S b> nm) ft co ok coatter rerrecented by - B v7 “ f° 4. = “4% MO oa — : ~~? -ereaiter rerresented by- D ” From three biras from tuis yen,frmirated July €9,102<2, there were collected 147 lice. This shows treat throuriont July tie biras were not entitely free from 7ice. ae Dail, Eos Necore Yor eve enc duly Ten ,2 16 birds deTeslorns rested dune TO,1O82. Daz Liber ReMaLriis Vurnwer RCpariSe of errs es-s for June July 1 C 8 g 7 6 3 8 11 4, 8 LO 5 7 Li 6 8 6 7 C LO E 7 5 9 C 7 LO 7 G Li O 9 Pa 7 LO Ld C 8 14 7 E 5 4. 12 15 6 9 L7 s 9 L8 4 8 L9 7 8 bs LO 9 el G 9 Lk 5 5 aod 8 Le nA LO S 25 7 7 26 C 6 a 8 Li 26 8 9 29 6 7 ee 8 8 Totals a Lo £56 9 Prom three tirds fron this ven,fwaisrated July £9,192 there were collected 1€ lice. this stows wat for the month of July trese were comearatively fev liec on t!.e birds in this fren. wes _.w. . , fA 2... Se ee MA OT i nn ~- Deil aut SECO Tu For dure wap T.- 7 1 on {~~ e ” —~N 7 , 4 i + sy 7 % « - an: ) - - 7 Rent oa ” it @7) yd Le bixrcs. De RociiSe io Y Leon Pode wili.OC se oN r se. ee v, T =>. 7 ie 7) n . LOY mrcer Remeris PTur2er OLED Se — ~reX erere TO ae Jvne : July nN) bd ‘% YH rgP on a NO HPHHWOONOUPHvYH DOK OO nd id a SOI en 4 1 On D PAG eo LE LO t4 “5 a6 27 ec LY OO 1 8B 4 fd Or OP OOOO TAR UE OE OOH BA OTOH RE cud MWRrRMMMINO HN HPHaoPthnenh SP No P WOH DD Totals 109 Co 1 From three bérds from this wen,fumireated July 29,1925 there were collected S11 lice. This shows that during July these birds vere tousy. Abovt 1OC lice +er bird. * COC 168: eC Jie cr | ‘ . ry Jorn Veavnae t Cu wee om — @ 0 ..0C.. _ _ ~— ‘> @ -” C ce eT ~s4 ~ 3 ~ he . : wa77 ao 16 3B: oy he t od CL oo 5- co 1 3B 1 1 ~KROIDEM FWD MOO HNOHDOWNMNHDOMHNOOMNMNMOAYO LO MOondindd Hwoor MO or.O rirtirt dn rh V VV OMAR Veer) LS cP) qo Li ©) rd aicvatyawttQok OQ nor =~} LTC e + D f . at ac Gas Yow hn .. WU ae fs Tm17 ‘ieee on ea Lel ry AD ° \ “" 7 ~ 1 fra oan aay) cr = Tv. Deily ecr s.ceord Lor dvre wn TlliN ae anOue an .,, @ o DO Wyte. 77 .- Tad da, + Ve Ten C 12 bires ?. > OG IS. Wou treated. Uhecil:. - Tass tens Lara I~. Papas": Day Meier fer or is Love ber Romar is we mine —— Ox 2 TS or on mS June ovr a D Ww) tg M6HMMOaOoOWMH OMA OT9H H47 © qt Hh H> © VOTE HHH COW }-4 Lo a0 a1 Le LO EM LO 26 a7 2G Pad me OU 1 B 1 3 PE OOODOVWOTUAOMOMNUAIOUNOWNAHOUWA NOE I ANAKAMNAMAHVOVMACHOUMNMVOAIHPOMAHAMACAH }J Cotels 169 Prom tiree birds from tiis 7-en, fumicetet only eC, 1928, there vere collected 52° lice. This slows thet for Sis there vere ~ice rresent on birés in this ren. Avoovt 150 lice rer birGe Day icr core ER a NW ITAA Wm ot gy’ a .. - 27COY CL Loy € Las ny T0547 46 a mr ( L U ‘ - e! e 7 r 7 ™) = Ty ~~) q ~ A. 7 a Leola Ae toon . sen O,ll “irs. wmoeis(Iullets) Lot ‘vosted. Coed: 7 Darr Murmbor Rararis Meorvyenr hernrics ETTS Eres ‘~ ~ - a7 Jue JU VY MomMnto tn hl jd mOODnNOowwwDon@DdNOoodOwnOdnMawoMoovoDnDowaICuanm 4 wo z6 ou oo, te OO bus e! OO } HS IODARBPO OY IW WW O 30101 On 109 YH C3 09 Led G I ve CD ~4 09 2y 3 tt we bs +otals L6 2 O 193 q) 7m + 4,7 mo . ” %., + — -aaass 5 4- . Srom tree bires from this ren, furirate ot 3 there were collected 590 lice. : . lice were y;resent on birds in tlais ~eng at rer bird. LD ei C) Co t~ a) f4 OQ a > ca i) e O rs Or ee 1 eo r> td Ce Vs . Cc) rou ra *r{ 3 AQ 5 VAET NA 7 OF it me oe me KD eo wt 7 an Ww, Ly Cc r oN eM CU: yh i) one u wD e} WOWOR OR OME ODMWOO GRO LOWOLOOWWODOWOWNwDOOWL) p SHO MOMWWO OR LO LOO BO HA GMEDLILIOWIQNDLI OW WEA HHL riIiCIeI HH LODO OR OG Hoadddddde © ui r- cu Orc tQo4 AaIpmdoworon GC. wo ri “e;% C2 ric C2 i. Si C20 ri rc — $i 4° L) © fe C294 ¢ r raw? 62 ri 3 re on Mop C: ry GT), 4 CE Vou Ch Sy ers C103 4 ra + pi 0} o rt o tg << Cc; (>? C ee RR! , © C) eres C2 ord O orf rd r S4 Ps! O C: Chi 42 Co cs MM O Can © 24> Tl O id f4 © e4ri O Prio e O r= &3 O Ord © oo HOO 2 ea OR 4 © O H mops © fo m4 oO © afi H © ry OO ~ cea o-4 PPR - for Neer ww Mee oo sO OT 01 00 IA NH © }4 }4 es HH j4 O O1 7 thor mem st he J . ULL_ere CD o> f-3 ed eo (Aor 5 CIO CAD “~ ©) Jon le Loc 22 OT” huey L¢% a 19 Leo a 25 18 £0 © ar feo Gu L? oO ~é wo) LE CL collectec no lice.or ;4 td ” 4. tw * 6 ae On bw 7 O e/ 17 o bu oO” ow OY £6 ry Or aT ww Or wy 2 wre 6 7 L7 13 14: 26 birds sold. IB ” a - 1 l “ee, 7” C Fo Pen. O, Lenochks. U,-- wer Ot “ey miko aed -~ ca fa on wo. bd Jitie OOP Wwe tH Cy C) nN) bP no ¢ CD 7 7 Sc € tH vt} FE oe t— ~I 4 I 4} WO38C Hk} “3H Od > rh ©) CO Co }) 0 me LS 0 7909 1 O cn O 4 } 9 a9 eS Li LS be L& a C ~J O07 D ts ew > ww rf OO L5 re a. t re. . rovels 4.58 “yon twee birc ou.ere were collected OC lice. there were gsout 10 lice yer D 4 ~ . -~wy -* —- T.. ~ % _ “OCOYaG 2OW vis 4 Tea s- Qi! seg @ LO Rives Sen tag de 2 ae ao -@ ~ ee Y Ce X 7) -~ ~ ~ ! a ee 7 =A --C ww Lb le he a8 weed Phy on me peg C: wo Tj. 2H qc towhey 0 2) oe J OC a [ ig | rODIOWIINWwO A Wag-—3OK vd Se) 3 Ut. 4 }4 He © 7 ~~ Co wo w O 4 waryye, 2.8 ma Paget RQ tA? S @rom this ven,fuicavec 5 ° a , _ A. L Leis shows thet + ari + AA. 4 —— ird in this ren. PR FMPWUN DEH LO aon 0D LJ CID td ta tJ bs bb 0 ) 4 . ve a “9 ~.7 . . n _. ~ c 4 3 Fen , LO | Levhorms,7villets. £90 biwecds. Treated *. bw @ 7 oN ,f~V 79 am Tmt” "oN oo "ON ate ee “ . MH eee a Hw t:3 MOON OOE O109F C 11 7 L7 14 1 2 oO oA U ar 19 17 20 2 é 15 oO Gq td Pv) tod 16 eA OL £0 Le £6 o r ) - j& C or @ rz by VU (uD ri «Dd & tH ~J i od MA 4-9 =~ WJ UG - Vo HOG ” . 1.4 ~ “Pay 7 4.7 5 ~ “— +7 ra 4 Y Ts rT oO i Yom Giveo “RPI YrCS Por usa.) 8 r en, Tuy Ped Oe pe EN JUL Cu Toe ® 4-7 “NY ~ 4. ry one < ‘ ere at s 5 “e a. ~~ uLere were collected 35 lice. This Showe that during duly 4-7, ews ver ~7 of : . 5 4 -% brere wore ebout LO jJice on each bird. Tic “ 7 ~~ eed ~* a) ~ y “400 J aL, Ar el Ck ~ eee ake (awe *” A nm +r SAY . © vA te - 7 awe fl. a. 7 To... ~-- NTR Fen sd il ov OLTas, a Le _ tw ilte ~ “Ca sea Cr Le ek pot Ne Das Tope aca Wp oa on Tres ax, dear aye wey \ Theeg ~ © ar = >> 21 JOY ere yrs ~ June oviy 1 | Cr O > CO? oO? iP in "NY 7 om 3 7- ce ont rested Po aay Tae bires from !'en oS -~. aw dd. e e i oh Ll mo FUL IN Wile: LO tense birds. re {+ ~I > 1 ~ 09 “a MOM ~wO ecnsP WTI nw -_ bt? | - }4 H= OV TIH © HH FH +} Hm en FIOM WH td ud tb | oo oC oo 15 2 15 17 L4 Lé 14 ocirds sold. wT. t tt IPO O10 eS 20 Le . tTotels. 431 L44 From three birds from this ien,funiseted Yrls FO,108, tlore vere collected £69 lice. “his shows thet for Yuly there were anout 6¢lice on eac:. bird in t) is ren. —. “ ™ vy. “y Deils soc necovd Por etre G IC v- Ls We te “~e)e) + " + = = Cy O° ™ - ‘ ise ar EN t A. 4+. ‘ a. ” my ey , Le wo Pardes, LOU LOLTL. Ob Grontec, O1Lec Dov .vmoer SEATS Pouen ROUTES eTS ATS ere vv i Oo oN 1 C Lee oO re P iw a 16 ry a Cer ) Ls &' oy ar A. Gs oe O .- > orf 4 5 Lo oe) 1 ~ 6 Llé £0 1 3 7 1. % m4 4 ~ ¢ 7 14. 14. All tiese bir’s, ee Ce, Lepn en a4 °. A- & 1”? to VOLT|e a Lit My ye li. O 14 LS rv oO LO LE Li it Lo 2 Le 17 Ld o LS Li. L4 Le LS LS L4 LS 165 L7 1? L” 16 o 1S bir Lo L7 Le Le 20 L7 wl LO ra Li moO L2 my 5S sold oA, 1 £5 10 1 £6 15 1 a7 13 £6 14 29 12 OU Ll DomIPoorqo-7boOtnNm -~otals 447 BIG =n - 4.) 7. 7 es ce. . 4.7. 2 ~- ne Onn, pet 3 esa NON “rou tiree birds from tris ven,fPuvicated Julysc,1LOce, As . . 2 . my. s - mo ttgt LA. Tas -- there were collected £216 lice. this ciows toes for drly fr $Peiere were enouvt YE lice on cech vind. eo SO Oe CAO Hp ADH NTH HPP} HOW OWMENC nD 0 09 H O19 0S oc nS 0 ~J Co G1 0) Ow 5 “otals A. “ror there were collected 14 O05 * Cob to bd o8 15 LO Ll 7 Coa e - . . _ Lh1S Snows 1.2% Bp) Loos a 7? Va; £ - en HH CRE aw) td | tere were cbout £54 lice on each bird in tis bag { ror “ ene cree birds from this pen, Puvuceted dJvly oC ,1Or8, 700 lice. JuLY Yeily Dec iecord Yor dire - end “uly. ve a = OO 7 © Tt dea AA ae ben a Ld a4. 6©LDOCtTS. Not treated. Clea: ] ~ vay }) : ate T 4 “a o “ 1- Ver Inneber Rewerics Uyrbex Lomoris eves eres JUre July 0) s 15 9 J 7 MomwomP OOK O fa fd 0100 } OH 2 ow MH HMHMHHPHYHH OCINOOYY NH tH + t+ I} HHor- na tH } td ud | CO “dO n 09 HO 22 1 3 12 Q5 13 ro pha a Cc 12 LZ CQ 09 09 09 o B08 nd 09 en QQ © Dm OMnOwWoOWWIOTOWOoOY 9 7 4. _-Otvals From three birds from this »en,fwmicated Julyo0,19ée, trere were collected 426 lice. This srows v).at for July there were avout 145 lice on eac:: bird in tis yen. M5 3} a Te 4 .. T.5- DOA] - uf .CCOrt 3.0 ev tle | 1 4 Grid Jy Le e T a ” Tos . ™" 2 4... a \- 2en 16 20 ~irds. neds ot treated. Check + ~ TLL - - ; To... na - aaT- Lay’ Lumber *OMearn.s Turaber LCHeErkes -Y ~e oY s* COo8 eres vT June vuly 1 Ud PHP PHPHPH HO OsaaoOr ONL OIOMPELONM FO CO fH oO &D C39 al MOUWOHYPOROMOAWOMADAN BRMOONINAIHPHLPARNYUORAAC 4 nN oe 12 RO Ll 4 LO 2D L2 26 0 11 ol Li OG Lé a9 LO oO 10 Totals £16 £88 Brom three birds from tis ren,funmirated Julys0,192e2, t:.ere were collected 685 lice. This shows that for July i, ry re there were about 536 lice on each bird in t°-.:is ren. ot Leily Dor hecord far Ivne and ie Ten 17% 56 birds, WLecozns Not treated. Check. ev VWoamnber Romeris Lvinber Soneris errs errs June | July 1 37 23 e 39 Ov 3 34. OL 4 OL 29 5 o 28 6 25 2 2 25 7 D4 oO S a4 a8 9 27 30 10 28 5 D 31 11 a7 20 Le OD 26 15 £8 1 38 £8 14 JU 2D 15 DO 24 L6 29 2a 1” OO LO 1L& 27 li L9 a7 8 20 IO 8 a1 ¢ 9 22 a7 LO £0 OL 16 24 £0 9 D £5 LO 26 40 7 a7 Le 11 28 Oe 11 29 OO Li 30 £5 9 Totals 897 611 1B 64 birds solde Brom three birds from this ;en,fumicated July 50,1922, nr there were collected 7°96 lice. this shows ti.at for duly there were evout £05 lice on each bird in this ren. . ™ nia 5 eee ’ Comrverisons vpewie U EG TT. co 7” S June July ry $ OO 00 | 1 4s Md Ten Lo.vircs roy | L7 C41 tS 16 el alo 4. LO LO | 45 45 , BSL g 35 €8 563° ( C 40, 29 435° 4.9 49 Ll ra | * Lice count on three birds, funiret ** Tullets. June July — PLN 4: 4 } Cit 2LYPeaveuw 2h *TLice 256 144 9 SUS 30 =» = C05 98 CO Coty 12 **11 : 20 en Cc 76 25 24. Oo oe } o - cede pne tA end votrested 109 16% 160 150 58 24 . 216) 29 ! £9] 4.6 32 OUD LL 12 9 447° _s OT - sy VUaSs LL vv ~ wT as ~ Jul? oun ry SO 1107 7S afl m oi Lrause ms *T i @ e July cowt | | 64 311 177 8529 “193 6Al 169 | Slo 625 BCG 667 a ee ee eee ee ae CA CO ~J ~I O GN ey _) ww 1 a) Co wee ye Pawn gy. ee my phe pe de Beye 4 GT on Concl.cions from e yyCvetion tebles. Drevring conclusions from birds in sens 1,¢£,5,4,5,6,7, 5,9,16,17.,we note the folloving : leo treated birds (reduced during July to 105) ;roduced 1587 eres in Jrne and 1614 esgzs in duly; 120 wtreated birds(redvced during July to 103) produced 1695 errs in June and 15€2 errs in Triese fictvres snow treat ridding the birds of lice results in increased ece rroduction,while not treating birds results in decreased ese yrodvction. It would have cost abort 31.00 to have treated the L220 control birds. ‘lJith an ecual cost for tre 126 treated birds,the total cost would be about 32.00. There were lost by not treating control birds 173 eccs,and seined by treating an equal number of birds,27 eccse this will sive a total of 200 esses cained by treatment, and assuning that the control birds would have laid an equal number erss as Cid the treeted birds, we may add 27 errs to thi C2 ©OO as the totel errs cained by treatment,or 227. Figuring emcs at wholesale yrice at ‘3.20 rer dozen, the value of eces gained wovld be 18 11/12 dozen X 3.20 or ~oe76 1/3. The cost of treating birds would have been 32.006 for a larger number of birds this would have resulted in quite a bit of money,and the desirability of treatment ig showm as a distinct gain in dollars end cernts.this sain would undoubtedly have been rrorortioneately larscr,had all the birds been treated,for in most cases those treated were reinfested by lice,and to some extent err rrodvction was decreasede a f e VT) eerpaes Sattar Meares Voda Pew an DT ee 5 Devine eanehystons Vrom vires in sors lC,le,enc 1s, 2 ae _ a ~ a - a a an, - ., Jrt , ~ - Jd 2, wou . Ce : Oo Cew we , ( Ss ( BOR gee 4 ee .) } 7 He ) \ MO ee 0 vl O 1 -_s* ye - m~ . ” —-—"- ~ 7 e d n ~ + ™ wef s ”" ~~ + ~ aT - ad my ~ dmoivmbor of biznes durin vig), is 2 pootly reber sf eccr o -.7 4 4 vie wat eens 4-7 4 4 4.7 mm As 2 WN-- C for pellets to ley. Covverins tis to tie member eid br 4° 7 ry “ ~ “Ff sas eee -.\ ( , 4: aN cam 7 i 4 — own ai “i ~ 4" rm A + . “NN, 7%. ~ Lens (SU Cars in vvipylairevesctsecd auringe vvly to 24 in nvraber -. J 20. mur. a af + .4- 4. « a. TN wwe Ud oa Or vO OUT ecc~s,Wwe note :av yvllevs cre now more wien 1CcC roy ee Tk ‘ Y , “4 - 2.7. on ~ RN TN aod * =. J3-7 —— Mm. 34 4- “1 oN 4. r 7 Wh $ a ce 1, ome CUS be ind the pens ror Dtooe 2 fC tobe re aveenw PLP s JOYS ) Ton to we A te cay es 7k -- hed not yev corm-:encea to liye 7 fle. “25 ” ~ py 7. 2 5 4. re ws ep aes In cou,ering rens 11 ana lé,we note tho Tollowins : ul.C lve vend 6% ao Ve AAR co ~ L C7 aa x on 2 - < an , - 7 3 we eo fie: “yy 4 “ * a ~re +. 55 CL CGVCvLOn Lil Cer VPoaveviorn 107 vNe a. . 4 , mal. Rg OA, 4-77 are ntnAn - We +. - 2. vo oYEatec vires vaanm Tor tio unterceted ones. Marly in vile end on duller 7th. tr Gna Ol YuUlLy’ dl, ULE avveencant at the poultry ylaent put bot! rens of bircs into one yon. At the end of July the treated birds scowed only 7 -" mS + 4. i “ 3 sce - .aaNt FC A, ny Tt - ’ ” *- x » no Cotinate conclrvecions can be Crevm rom trese ™“ 7 «EN f°" 4 + a rj 5 a. . ™“ 5 A. ”~ ca 4. , 5 ro. - as a. . on - sets oF dirds,iv is interesting to note t.cat arter 4 J me tr c,4 =~ 7 th ‘ art cx Oo eyyy 7 gy a ees ey 7 Ci a 1 x Ci 12 wn? . Neo CO Cc. ct ck te RS ? w 4 © os! bite } 2 Ou 02 c+ © t.} M ct ad '@) ry ct 5 ad ) od. . - nvr 4 wr aN e * cs rr) on - CG vlLOile Ef2y Traé wa) Ls 2B O71 him a oO © ~e os © Cla c%y , a eS) te i) my (o Ls a Oo } mfy ‘ a a! ry Oo —~} a | cavsec oY v.e birds beinz retnfcsted vit lLice,or it may Rat oR - uy U.. wy 1D Ws ae ha a bee RO A oh we I AG 9 -Leu ddd wl Cn July L2,1l°fe, teo broods of pouns chicks were selected, banded,recorded,and weit.ed.Qne brooc of tnirtecn tas , . 4 on.) Lf)... 4 (with their brood t.en) was treeted with cocdiun fldyrid. ff? Only 4 owmnces of socivm flowri¢c wes wsed Tor te thirtecn chieks end brood hen. One brood (with tieir brood len) of toirteen chicis was isoloted fron tiie treated Lrooc,and left untreated,as 2 control. very third day the individusl chicks of eec!. brooc were weicned,and comperisons noted. The rollowing tevles will five reauired cata to show tie effect of sodium floyrid on young chicks.* Treated Brood. Banded Dates every third day weighed. chick # 7/12 7/15 7/18 7/2. 17/24 17/27 7/30 B57 px 2.3/8 £.9/16 2.3/8 2.9/16 2.7/8 3.3/4 192 2 2.3/8 2.1/8 2.1/16 2.1/16 2. died 7-28. B44 1.7/8 2.1/2 2.3/8 21/4 21/16 21/4 2.9/16 144 1.7/8 2.1/8 2. 1.15/16 found dead. BO 1.7/8 8.5/8 2.7/16 2.6/8 2.15/16 3.1/4 3.7/8 339 2.1/8 2.3/4 2.11/16 2.13/16 2.1/2 2.7/16 £.35/16 BAS 1.3/4 2. 2. 1.13/16 found dead. 363 2.1/2 3.1/8 3.5/f16 4. 4.1/8 4.5/8 5.9/16 545 1.3/4 2&.1/16 2.1/16 2. 1.11/16 found dead. 136 2.1/4 2.8/8 3.1/16 3.7/16 4.1/16 4.3/8 5.3/8 459 1.1/2 1.7/8 1.15/16 1.3/4 1.5/8 missing. 504 2.1/4 2.7/8 35. 3.7/16 3.3/4 4.1/8 4.15/16 20" 1.1/2 1.1/2 1.1/2 1.3/4 1.7/6 1.7/8 2.1/4 * All chicks were aout two weeks old,dvl, 12£,1¢°22. ** Veichts on ounces. Panied | Yates covery tiird a fle 7/15 7/18 461 2 2.5/16 £.11/16 6ll 2 2.3/8 2.11/16 287 1.7/5 €.1/8 2.5/16 355 1.7/8 &. 2.23/16 4564 1.7/8 &.1/16 2&.7/16 S518 2.1/8 2.3/8 2.11/16 AOS = 1.5/4 2.1/16 £.35/16 401 &.1f2 3. 3.53/16 352 1.3/4 2. 2.3/16 438 €.1/4 2.1/2 2.1/2 304 1.7Y/2 1.11/16 2. 375 2.1/4 2.6/8 £.15/16 539 2. 2.5/16 2.11/16 o1 7 cD Untreated brood. das weir’ ed. /21 7/24 7/27 7/50 2.7/8 3.3/16 3.7/8 4.11/16 2.7/6 £.5/16 3.1/2 4.3/16 2.7/16 2.5/8 2.13/16 3.3/16 2.1/4 8.1/2 2.11/16 2.75/16 ©2.5/8 £.7/8 3.1/4 3.7/8 2.5/8 2.1/4 2.1/4 died 7/28. £.1/16 2.1/5 2.5/8 2.7/8 3.7/16 3.11/16 4.1/16 missing. 2.5/16 2.5/8 3. 3.7/8 2.13/16 3. 3.3/16 3.11/16 2.3/8 2.11/16 2.7/8 3.1/6 3.1/16 3.1/8 3.3/8 4.1/8 2.7/8 3.1/4 3.5/8 4.3/16. In comrering these weicts,one notes that on July c4%1,there were two treated chicks found Ceacd. Both these chicks head decreased in weircnt up to the $ime of death. One of these dend ehi 5 Girs Showed aryperent normel condition i « e e wron evtoysy. +here were noted snell pin roint like hemorrherces off the intestinal trect.Cthervise no abnormal conditioné,were noted. Chick 192 (@ied7-£5) examined same Cay,showed thet. direct cause of death was constiration. Lunzs,liver and kidneys were congested. neces along the intes tiere vere clso pin y,oint henorr- tinel tract. tiese hemorrhesie crots were noticeably larger and more numerous theh noted on previous autopsy. pres ors rn. 3 C ~ 4.5. ee ya. ~ a Yo U7 rs very et oe ” ad "7 oo ' ok us.G Vr eo f aa Crh too OOd 9 C ' LG se es ve Via om) -f ) faa kh Ga Srmaen smmbrg ne 4.7 - - aA ‘ sw nm s rey -- : “ S . TPT . 7 yo ” 4. , i) 1 - a) COL COV {UC oe wo Vy coe 1 J. CG am e@ —~ C Lice VWIOte ae CO Ce _ orey. u at ~ c=. 7 ™ 7 ~ -— 4. ~ - 7? a. *. 3 vrs “ rs a. ° ~ enerel etudz of the two tables ov Wels us it will be obviovsly conclvced,ticat for rovns ciicks (two weeks | an ~ . 7 | a ° , . " - Oo -— or vader) sodium fitirid is not seve. SCouet. cions end Recorrendstions. Tn cr Wepad yaya pane sy - tris 1 ayn sy cewatd tre fo MCilcd We ome COil Jew hor OL L216 LIV to yale Cu vLON, et & ” eos an rss “> "oN ENT % 4 7 ac 7. . at. S 7 i * ay TOllowings roints mej ve stated : one ayrlice tion of sodiun ba flobye “ide 1s an economical remeaz to control lice on edult Towls3 its use will cive on increase in evr rrodvction if laying sens ere tresteds; sv rresert it meets ell the reovlrenents of tre vest rovdaer obtvaineble; se S0ovla ve kert free from lice by its S.0ould cbte errloyed to leer younr ecricxs free from lice,and f tris fails two arn wWiovs of vrretirzm smould be used 7 wk ok - a & Jv» to rid the young birds of lice. Sodivm flowrid si-ovld not 9 be used to control lice on youns clicks. * Investications with both sodium flogrié@ and Derris snounlé QO be made,to deternine tlhe toxicity,rlysiolocvcesl effect(if val ~ @ envjard the least amounts tuat cen be used in cilutions and still be 100% efficient witli one errlicetion. Wt. da. J. “Yr 1 ADLOUU, We ve AGT. Cecette. pabeoek,C.C. Dentler,C.i. Ciendler,./.L. Gardiner,™.C. Goodale, u.5. “arrison,L. serrich,G@.\.. finghorne,de.le é: Green,2.1. Lemson,G. 7. oS uanter, Jeuae Titevatrre eiLtved. fy HCOSULTS ert ~ OM REGRSS wit rilocelleneovs subavances einst e!icizen 7ice anc the ao: flee Bell, ECE, U. 5.Dede Oot. loro, OQ Teyana} at - ‘ 7 Moapht:elene vs eile: ‘on lice Jour. Boon. Unt.V.12,75,1°1° “ 1 1 C Mew South Veles,Mereh,1°CC.,Vol.YI,lart 3. vome poultry Jice and mives on sol in Color- ad0e - Coll. Ac TeCole net. Lull.l, sere, L65A,1°°0. a -ort State Entonolosist and tlant 4; r wenn 9.1993. Year “ook of Dept.of Agr.,19le end Tice on toultri. s' Bvll. 8O1,U.S.DA. Experiments with. Sodium Llouride Poycie,24,Dec.1917. re or tie Valve or nitzobenzol iS @ paresiticide,with notes on its use in collecting external rerasites. — Jour.Tar. 4:1919f -H as)