Hy \| | | | | | (MAM | hh | | | | | | | om ae CO MW Oo wy MENTALITY TESTS Se ee ed Kenneth S. Frazier howl THESIS A STUDY OF MENTALITY TESTS WITH REGARDS 10 THE SELECTING OF MEN A REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE ~ON= JUNE_6, 1921. -by- Kenneth Stephen Frazier'2] Candidate for "Degree of Bachelor of Seliénce," THESIG pavog 4972p] OYA. 96327 A REPORT ON MENTALITY TESTS AS GI¥EN TO FRESNMEN ENGINE:RING STUDENTS AND A DISCUSSION OF TESTS WITH R LABOR. TO THE HIRING AND PLACING OF OFFICE HELP AND We find upon looking bagk thru the pages of history that the payoholégical elemmt in life has been studied since the beginning of tite. The old prophets in using the future as their subjects of discussion, were able to bring themselves into prominence whether their pro- blysies ever came true or not, The old leaders led their armies to victory many times due entirely to the confidence created ip them by the tactful leaders, and so on down thru the ages the psycholagical element eiuters into our every day life andis picked up and used to adv.ntage by the keener type of parson quite often to the disadvantage of his adversary, However it is not. until the last century that this subject has become a part of the regular school ourricu- lum andnot until the last half century that any practical applications ofthe subject have been intel- ingently applied in the form of examinations of mentality tests for which we now see a great field in the future. ‘The title "Mental tests" would le:d one to believe that the tests were for the purpose of determ ning the © existence of certain mental abilities, but to 4ge@ a little more exact or explicit; the mmtality test as used is given to a group of indivi duals for the purpose of determining their comparative abilities and not their aetual ability along any certain line, 2 These tests are usually charaoctérized by their simplicity. This quality of the test makes any deductions therefrom more comprehensible and much more liable to be correct. The tests as given are also usually of short duration. As early as 1877 Francis Galton suggested the use of the reaction experiment for the diagnosis of temperammt He developed a number of siiple tests which he hoped would make it possible to obtain a general knowlege of the capacities of a man by striking directly as it were at a few critical points, In the early ninties mentality tests came into prominance in America, Interest was then centered on the relation of mental to physical variations, For the most part the tests given resembled experiments already employed by psychology in the investigation of the simpler m@mtal processes, A few years later tests of a similar character were developed in Germany but at about the same time, tests of an @mtirely different kind were formed in France, These tests were made by Alfred Binet who was a French Psychologist end whose opinion was, that, the more speoific functions (such as ability to d&scriminate tones or colors or to judge time intervals) not only varied less widely among different individuals but was of less importance in the constitution of individuality, than the more general or the higher func- | tions as the imagination, comprehension, intelligence, sugestibility and sentiment. From his idea we can readily see that the formation of new tests was necessary to the furtherance of his work, The inventor of such tests usually starts with a conception of the functions to be tested and lays down a procedure to suit this conception, The originator of this new type of test Alfred Binet was born in 1857 he became a French psychologist and was director of the labatory of physiological psychology at the Sorbonne Paris. His first attempt at applied psyohologhwas to apply the methods of hypnotism to psychological questions Later he turned hs attentions in a slightly different direction and in 1905 he published a series of books with Simons which were the result of an attempt to find some standard by which degrees of inteligence might be measured, In 1908 he published another series of books which were a continuation of the Binet Simon tests, As a man of science Binet had a large measure of psychological insight and he will take rank with the leading psychologists of his generation, The "Binet Simons tests"® of 1908 comprises 56 single tests a group of which is assigned to each age from three to twelve years. A certain minimum of verformance in each case consti- tutes a pass and the subject 18 graded on the basis of the number of tests passed, as having a degree of intelligence - Mormal to such a year, The tendendy towards developing tests which shall determine the fitness of students to enter college and to determébne which courses they are most adaptable to and again tests to determine the fitness of individuals to become employees has become quite extensive in the past decade/ extent This report will deal to a great with testsof the kind just mentioned, Among the psychologists of the day who are doing a great. deal towards promoting work of this kind are sueh as Guy Montrose Whipple, professor of education; University of Michigan; William F, Kemble, Walter Dill Seott, director of bureau of salesmanship at the Carnegie Institute of Technology; Sherwin Cody, managing director of Associated Schools of So@#intific Business; and Ida M, Tarbell. Most ofthe literature published by these people result from experiments and tests carried on by themselves, The deductions from these tests are in many cases very con- Clusive andshow without daubt the practicalness of these tests. Mr. Kemble who is engaged in introducing systems for standardizing the general working forces of commerical and manufacturing concerns has developed a number ofvery inter- esting and valuable tests, Among these is the "Kemble Match Board Test* which was used by Mr. Kemble in determining the probable efficiency of factory girls. This test has been revised slightly by the author and used in testing freshmen mgineering students for the purpose of determining their probable shop ability and was found to correlate fairly Close with the grades given the students by their instnuctors, Great development waa made in psychological testing during the war, Soarcely had the war been declared by our country before thepsychologists were brought together in @ plan to make their professional knowlege, technique, and experience useful in the emergency, in April of 1917 the Ameriean psychologieal Agsooiation appointed humerous commitees to study the s&tuation and prepare for action, At the same time committee for psychology was organized by the National Reserch Council. Thus it happened that from the very outset American psychologists aeted unitedly whereas their pro- fessional colleagues in France and Great Britain served individually where ever they could disoover an oppertunity, The committee of psyshology of Gem national reserc} remained active over a period of about two years, Almost all of the psychological contrhbutions to the war which the United States has made are directly or indirectly due to the support or the efforts of this body, the work of which has been carried on through conferences, committees or militayy committees of the army or navy. Group methods of mental testing were forshadowed by a few studies prévious to the developmat of the army methods these were sc:ttering and had had no ex- tensive use before 1917. The idea of examining children and other groupes, however, existed and it was on the basis of these preliminary studies «nd the work in individual examining that the committee which met at Vineland felt that it could produce &® group examination which would serviceably classify reeruits for army purposes, Three or four of the m@mbers of this committee had had direct experience with group methods, The comaittee consisted of K, M, Yerkes, chatfman; W. V. Bingham, Secretary, H. H. Toddard; R. H. Haines, L. M. Terman @. M. Whipple and > &, Wells, Each of these men brought to the committee a large amount of material, This material was carefully gone over and sifted out to produce tne first * Examiners Guide®, Hundreds of tests which had been published were also available, The test to be devised for army use — the committes believed should, First be adaptable for group use for the examining large numbers rapidly, Second It should have a high degree of validity as a measure of invelligence, Thiet me range of intelligence measured by the test should be wide, Fourth As far as possible it should be arranged for elimin- ation of p persons judgment, Fifth It should be arranged so that the sooring might be done easily, Sixth There must be altezmative tests to premzent coaching. Seventh It was necessary to obtain clues to enable examiners to deteot malingering,. , Eighth Cheating had to be avoided, Ninth The test had to be made as completely independant of schooling as possible, Tenth The arrangement should be such as to allow a minimum of writing in recording answers. Eleventh The tests must be comprised of ingeresting material. Twelvth The different tests used should be arranged to yield Qn accurate measure of intelligence in a reasonable short time, With these oriteria in mind the army tests were made up and put into use, They proved very efiicient in the army and have since been used in testing students where they were aleo found -to be of much value in determining the comparative aollity of the person tested, The tests made by the author in oonjunction with Mr, Splets- dozer, which will be described in detail in this report were carried on entirely with Freshmen engineering students in their third term at Michigan Agricultural Oollege in May of 1941, - The most of these tests were merely selections of teats taken from tests originated by men of thepresent generation who are interested in this work, The first test carried out with the students was of «@ technical nature, The list of questions used is one that has been adopted by fhirty-eight techinical sehools and colleges in the United States, which schools use che test on applicants for entrance into the engineering course, No men are actuaily kept from taking this course upon failing this test but it is the concensus of opinion that a man interested in engineer- ing would have obtained this interest by reading technical artigles or by comming in contact with the simpler engineering problems, Gonsequently tie faciity uses its influence to dasuade any failing applicants from entering an engineering work and also uses its comrittessto help determ:ne for the applicant a course that he will be more liable to follow successfully, The other five tests are as follows: Test One Contains a series of siniple problems in arithmetic. Ril of these problems are intended to appeal especially to those boys who have teen interested in things mechanical and electrical, We have tried to avoid problems that are stereo typed, This seems to be one of the best tests in the series, Test Two Contains a series of simple problems in algebra, It does not differ noticeable from the ordfnary algebra examina- tion, Test Three Is an examination in geometrical construction, It Giffers markedly from the usual examination in geometry in that the student is asked to sotve a series of simple problems in geometrical construction by means of oompass and ruler, No Proofs are reguired, fest Four Is an intelligence test, It is in some respects 3 similar to the Army Intelligence Examination but is keyed more difficult so as to be suitable for college freshmen, Test Five Is a series of simple problems in physics in which some knowledge of physics is implied. The problems are so worded as to discourage mere repetition of memorized material, The schools using these tests are: Throop College of Tech, University of Virginia Univ, of California Lafayette College Cornell Univeersity Univ. of Arkansas Worcester Poly, Institute Univ, of Oklahoma Case School of Applied Seience Oklahoma Agrie, College Rensselaey Poly, Institute Syracuse University Carnegie Inst. of Tech, Ohio “tate University Univ. Of Michigan Univ, of Pennsylvania Tufts College Maackigan Agrio. College Whhv. of Washington Univ, of Kansas Missouri Sohool of Mines Drexel Institute New York University Rose Poly. Institute John Hopkins Univ, University of Missouri Kansas Agric, College Rhode Island “tate College Marquette University Municipal Univ. of Akron Vanderbilt University Purdue University Iowa State College Trade School at Carnegie University of Maine University of Vermont University of Alabama New Mexico Agri. College INTELLIGENCE TUST for TECHNICAL INFORMATION. Naine Date The object of this test is to determine how much technical information you have absorbed not only in school, but. also in your activities outside of school. Bach question has four printed answers and you are to underline one of the four vrinted answers. Thus; tlectricity is conaucted by ropes wires twine yarn Underline the word “wire™ because thet makes the truest staterents in this test. Do not write any other answers. Simply underline one, and Only one, of the four printed answers. . Be sure to underline one of the four snswers for each question even iis you have to ruess. Even if you do not xnow the answer vou will maxe a guess. Try to mess the answer t= you the most reasonable even if you know very littie about the question. You are exvected to finish this test. TZai:e as mech time as you reasonebly need to answer all the cuestions. ‘When you have answered all tne questions, return this test to the examiner end leave the room quietly. | DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YoU ai TOLD TO BEGIN 1. UNDERLINS OUS OF B.ED DOUn ANGVaRnS [On EACH STateiiait. 4& Iagnet attracts brass copter iron platinum. ! 2. <4 2. The rear hub of a bicycle is ozten fitted with a 10. ll. 12. 13. 14. coaster brake cyclometer grease cup tail light An air rifle uses for ammnition 22 Bhort BB snot eof center fire CB cans ’ 2 ~» Oil is ordinarily used as s lubricant when drilling holes in cast iron steel wood brass a common diavhnrarm ovening ior snan shots is 8 64 123 490 In nekins a gore four an induction coil one ordinsrily uses nehorany rubber copper iron Harley-Devidson is the neme 0: a motor-cv7cle electric clock wireless detector aeroviane The distributor in en attomobile is a vnort of the cooling svstemn ignition system oiling system transmission Re Pe ik, rerdresents volume syneed eontent direction In order to mke solder adhere to metal st.rfaces it is necessary to use : oil flux glue gasolene “wo keen the berrel of a target rifle in good condition one often uses | carborundun paste dutch cleanscr vinegar tnree-in-one oil Low voltage fuse wire ordinarily contains lead silver brass platinum The regulation Sord is equi»ned on the rear wheels with tires of a diameter of . 2-1/2" oN 3-1/2" 4" The boiling point of water on the s‘ahrenheit scale is 212° J12° 512° 100° 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. £0. 21. Lae 2d. QT 28. 29.6 30. A gas ensine in vhich the ex»Dlosion te.zes place in each cylinder Once in every two revolutions o1 the ehaft is celled one cycle two cyelc - three cycle four cycle The wterial used tor trolley wire is galvanized tron aluninun copper brass De“orest invented the triple-vaive vacuun-valve neddle-valve safety-valve What sixe wire is most commonly used for wiring a house for 110 volts? 6 8 14 20 The wrench to turn smali sizes or gas pipe should be a socket monkey Stilson box 3roaches are used in a lathe boring mill drill press arbor press what is the anproximate daylight limit in miles radius of a quarter kilowatt svark gap wireless telegraph sending set? one mile 10 miles 200 miles 1000 miles The motion of the talbe of a planer in a machine shop is rotary reciprocating cont inuous endless Ssricks are made of Clay granite Sanastone gneiss The zears used on a lethe for thread cutting ere known as , helical bevel sur worm she current obtained from dry cells is rotary interrupted direct alternating Tis purpose of beck gears on a latne is to increase the s»veed cut threads turn tarers adecresse s veed. Balloons are tilled with comeressec air hydrogen oxygen steam Circles which pess thru the North and South poles are called equator latitvde longitude equinox. 30ard measure nertains to Lumber cardboard pa er metal A file may de made to "bite" into cast iron by using vaseline tallow beeswex chalk oT. 38. 39.6 40. 41. 42 435-6 44. 45. 46. © ™\ oe OBO eee eee The top ot a sho» vench is often made or Douglas izir mahogany walnut meple A SDLit vnulley on a shaft is nelaarest by celent solaer friction glue a Yillet in pattern maxing i: ordinarily made of leather wire twine sand an bearing vor s steel shatt, to wear well, is sometimes made of cast iron bronzc tool steel zine & tile is held square across the biade and level in filing a cross-cut saw rip saw back saw coving saw A turret lathe is used in machining bolts nails hammers scissors Which of the following terms indicetes gages of electric wires? Winchester Roetling Brown and Sharpe Westinghouse The chins made by a lathe in turning metals are long svirals when turning cast iron steel aluninum zinc in ordinary vattern work patterns are mace of fiber rubber leatner wood Pica is term used in navigation pr int ing artillery railroading s3¢ reke The dbemeter of a “ord piston is 2-1/2" 3-1/2% 4" 4-1/2" Locks are manufactured b7 corbin Via77dole Starrett Brow & Sharve Vnich instrument is used to measure temoerature? dynamometer condenser pyrometer rheostat A Tile is made of Bessemer sveel uachinery steel cold rolled steel high carbon steel The number o= levelins screws on an ordinery transit for surveying wor. is 2 3 4 6 A soldering iron is made of iron steel copper tin 47. 48. 45. 50. 51. D2. 53. 55. D6. 57. o8. 61. iow many less are there in the tripoc ox en ordinery sucveyins transit? one two threc Tour Tc you hed to ns.e e strong bolt ort covld not get steel to ma:e it o=, your nezt choice would be cast iron leaa wroucsht iron bress vhe Lblede is fround on the upper sice in @ smoovh nilane bloc: plane rabbet plane jack plane which of these screws requires a counter sunk hole? rillister head round neac hexagon head flet head “which or these taods nas the isrgest adismeter? 3/8" rive tan 1/2" U.S. Std.tan 1/2" 5.4.E. tap 1/2" pulley tap The contours on a tonogravhic nep indicate roads elevation streams longitude adage tools and cutlery are nade of cold rolled steel wrought iron carbon steel cast iron "o wnet a plane blade one should use emery cloth a file Band paper ean oil stone The wiath of a stendaid gage railroad track is 4 feet 4 feet 8-1/2 in. 5 feet 5 feet 6 in. Shellac varnish is thinned vy distilled water alcohol turoventine gasoline Sharting is sometimes nede on the planer milier shsner lathe ‘hat material is used in meking the insulction 01 common bell or ennunciator wire? wool rubber cutton Silk Ordinery conerete cortains asphalt cement glass rubber An automobile cylincer should be finished to a very smooth even surface. ‘nis is sometimes cone vy leppin.: millinz riiing tur nin;; Aerovnlane motor fremes are sormetines made of brass cop .2er steel cast iron 62. Incandescent laims in houses are oidinerily wired in tandem multiple series \ 63. A good fabric Yor seronlene wings is wool cotton linen cenvas 64. A star wheel is used in a motion picture machine sev'ine mechine steam enzine oicycle 65. The split nut on a lathe is used for reducing s»veed reversing sveed driving carriage increasing sneed 66. 4&4 window sash holds the jambs casings SLlass sills 67. The L.S. Starrett Co. manuisscotures tools soa furniture automobiles 68. Small angies are measured On an ordinsry surveying transit by a vernier canstan tripod leveling screw 69. A connecting rod bearing is sometimes made of aluminum steel bronze cast iron 70. One part of the door is the jamb head sill panel 71. A man six feet tall is best fitted with a diamond frame bicycle when the frame measures 15" 18" p4" 36" 72. In sawing off a 10" board one uses a eross-cut saw rip saw coping saw turning saw 73. A cotter pin is ordinarily used to hold in place a nut side curtain svare tire spark plug 74. The joints in most pictire frames are dovetailed mortise en. tenon butted mitered 75. Tne current used by a two-phese motor is D.C. Static aeG. storage dsttery 76. Ordinary house paint conteins Oil water alcohol gasoline 77. The ap#rk plug on a gasoline engine is located on the crank case cylinder manifold carburetor 78. 79. 80. 81. B26 85. 86. 37. 88. 89. 90. Jo. In borinss a smell hole one sometimes uses a mitre brace snd bit vY-bevel spoke shave 4 gauge point on 9 cerpenter's gauce should extend ebout 1/16" 1/2" 7/8" 1-1/2" - What is the standard comorcial wave lentth ior ships? 200 600 900 1200 A Mallet should oe made or white nine cypress bess wood beech Which o2 these cers nave air cooled ensines? ‘packard Dodge .s'ranklin ‘Tord Hot glue is thinned with water turvent ine alcohol linseed oil “he best resistance wire for electrical circuits is silver conper verman silver platinum The joists in a duildins: support the roor roundetions chimey Zloor which of the followinzs metals can be case-hseréened? wroucht iron aluminum copper babbitt A frame buildins is constricted mainly of brick wood sveel tile To keen a motor commutetor clesn use oil sand naper emery cloth Tile Sningles are nailed to the joists sheatning dambs silis Machine screws come in numbered sizes lio. 1 to Jo. 30. Vhich is the smallest of these? lo. 6 Io. gO No. 12 ilo. 24 fhe uvrights of a frame building ere celled rafters lintels joists studding Lead plete storare batteries are ordinerily tilled with ea dilute solution ov hydrochloric acia acetic acid Sulphuric acid | nitric acid Vhen gluing two vieces or wood together the surfaces chould be shellacea painted Stained straightened 100. the cheepest heating sistem to install in a house is steam not water electric Warki sir In cabinet vror.z one wiost frequently uses Osk hicszory catel a cyoress The volt is a measure ol cur reiit ressure resistence nover ' , t re an : . {xn ww 7. f 4& roor which has t:re s2e”e of a Your-sided pyramic is celled rable canbprel heanserd hin i . \ ; Small twist drills come in in.ubered sizes from iJo. 1 to 0. 60. which is the lergest oi these? hoe 52 Toe 12 Wo. 21 ilo. 36 fnose parts of a staircase into which the treads end risers are framed are calied strinrers S.xandrels newels brackets Auger bits increase in size in steps or 1/16" 1/avn 1/4" 1/64" 144, ‘ho is called the "father of rail-roadw" in the United States? 145, What is the heaviest kind #f wood? 146, What is the lightest wood? The second test given was of a humourous character and yet it was fairly conslustve, It was given with the original intenfion of putting the one being tested a& his ease and to help destroy any nervousness that he might have, on account of being tested, The test, Sazier's Expression Test" (#2) was laid out before the student with the expression pictures laid out in a row b:neath the expression test blank. Ata Signal the student Began to place the pictures correctly in the proper blanks on the diagram, Time and correct place— ments were considered in marking this test and the results thus obtained were found to correlate to 48% with the class grade which is a fairly good correlation, A person whe ean correotly place the pictures is one who can readx% the general character of a person by observing him, It is found that every one judges people to a certain extent on their first meeting. Gonscquent meetings may entirely dhange this judgement or may just round the commers off, so to speak. The type of man whose original judgment usually stands and is correct is the man Lo obfain a high mark on the expression test and is the type to be used advantageously in doing personal work such as welfare work, employment work, or any line of wrk where personal contact with other men is required, Agamin a high mark in this test is apt to denote a man with a keen sense of obser- vation ami lastly a real student, A man failing in this test ~~ NOLIEAS/LYS IMA d INIMLNOdAY SIT NO/LYHOGV LNIN ISI Ud ASNOWIL YOYLHOH AN FIALNALNODI LENICIO Sy L9SPL NOISOSAaAx 7 S. SAH LOVSS is not necessarily a failure but is apt to be the man who is always willing to work for some one and follow the explicit instructions of his superiors without question, So we can see that = test even as simple as this expression tesf£ really has its place amoyint the mentality teats of the day and is actually of value in determining mental types while at the s same time it causes the person to forget hes nervousness and prepares him for mere strenous or exacting tests, However the next test given ids not a hard one but merely a test of the ability of a man to use his head and hands similtaneous-— ly to the best advantage and is the Peg and Hole test as re- presented by diagram (#8) PEG TEST A block with a stcel plate with a triangular hole in it, a 1° by i"*by 6" peice of wood and knife are given to the student. He is to shape the peg so that it fits the triangular hole for a distance of 4". Tnis test brings out different types of men, One man marked the wood beitore outting it, another whittled or took many real fine cuts, while another cut it down with a few heavy auts. The different types represented are the man who plans things before he doeq them, the man that takes extraofdinary pains and the produetion man, In rating this test the time, the number of Bhavings and the fit were taken into c.nsideration, Judging the fit was necessary but embodied one of those features not desirable in mental test; that of a personal elemmnt in judging. However this effected only 1/3 of the grade .nd if the judging was 90% correct, it would make a difference of but 3% The Plug Fi thing Tosh: would make a difference of but 3% in the grade, This test correlated best of the tests with the course grade, This maybe from the faot that the course compared with it was Pattern making. From this test the student was sent into the next room where the match board test wis given, MATCH BOARD TEST The m&toh board test as given to tho Freshmeah engineers is a modification of the Match board ag designed and used by Mr. Kemble; we can readily see from the following discussion that it is adaptable to magy other classes, On the board as revised there are eleven distinct tests e each one having a definite value in determining the probable worth of the subjeot being tested. However only ten of the yosts were actually used, The first test (A on the diagram test #5) is a test for determining the dexterity of the left hand, There are 2] holes in a row about 3/16" in diameter and there is a box containing matBhes at 3* from the row of holes, The man being tested starts at a signal given him and with his left hand attempts to fill this row of holes placing one match in each hole and never having more than one match in his hand at at a time, This is a very simple test but correlates with the man's reel ability to a remarkable extent, It was found that if a man could fill twenty holes in the thirty seconds allowed for the test it showed extreordinary dexterity on the part of that individual, The average student can place seven—- teen or eighteen matches in the row in the required time, Some students were found that could only place thirteen to f fifteen matches and these same men also failed to come up to the standard in following tests, The average dexterity of the students was found to be a little higher than that of the factory girks tested by Mr. Kemble; the average girl being a able to place fifteen to sixteen matches, The matches being so close to the holes makes it only ne- cessary to the move the wrist and fingers in transfering the matches from the boxw to the test holes, The test was originally devised for determining the probable ability of the girl as a candidate for small punch press work or work of a similar nature but is found to really correlate conclusively with a persons thought speed and general ability along differedt lines, The next or second test (B) is merely a repetition of the first with the exception that the right hand is used instead of the left, It was found that the subject usually placed one or more matches with the right hand than with the left, but this has been atiributed to the fact that « better under- standing of exactly what was want..d is had at the tine fo the right hand dextwrity test whioh follows that for the left hand, From this test any defects in the action of either arm will be readily observed, and this is a very important fact- or from a “safety first" stand point, A man with a defective arm may have ability to warrant his being hired but he should never We placed where the action of the bad arm may govern his saté$y or the safety of others in the building. The third test on thematch board ($C) completes the first series of tests and is a test to determine qualities of ambidexterity in the testee of in other words the ability of the man to use tww or more of his members similtaneously, The holes for matbhes are laid out in two rows as per diagram on test #6, The person being tested is reyucsted to fill the two rows similtaneously using both hands placing one match in ecch hole and nevery having moze than one match in each hand at one time, The av rage number of holes filled in the thirty seconds allow.:d for the test was from twenty to twenty- four or from ten to twelve pairs of holes, It was very noticable in this test in particular that the student who became :xoited over the test and made his hands So as fast as his nervous system allowed, would make many unnecessary motions and in very few cases would some up to the standard of the man who took the test in a cool @onsistant and systematic manner, The next test showed the comparative amount of coopera tion between the different sence orgens, Test (D) tests the cooneration between the ears and the hands, The out lay greeting the man (asper diagram on test #8 is a series of numbered holes ten holes wide and eleven holes long. These holes are numbered consecutively from left to right and in rolw inorecsing from top to boétom with a to- tal of 110 numbered holes, The man was told that a series of fifteen numbers was to be read to him at the rate of one number every two seconds and that he was to place matches in the holes corresponding to the numbers, The test is then carried out and two seconds allowed after the last nunbe is read, Test D 58 — 17 —— 81 — 3 — 101 — 12 —~ 47 — 62 — 96 — 1] — 77 —~ 69 ——,11 —— 4 = 22 — In this test a variety of types of men were shown, Sup- pesing a number was Missed for example; one studant would spend the time for most of the remainder of the test trying to recall the missed number while the other numbers were read unnoticed: anéther student upon missing a number would in- mediately pass and continue with the rest. The latter type would of course obtain the higher grade on this particular test but the other type of man has his place. It is e:sily seen that the man who may be just a little slower than the average but on who completes his work to the best of his ability as he goes is just the man for technical research work, However this man before bbing recommended to research work should be given other tests of technical and problematic nature to determine his real initiative ability. A cooperation test between the eyes and the hands was g given next (EZ) a small block of holes on the board was dup- licated in and enlarged size with circles on a eafd. Twenty of these circles were filled in to form a diagram (Diagram #6) At a signal this chart appeared before theoperator of the match board and thirty seoonds were given to duplicate I@O yO) Mee a OO ®@ ~ | @ a —_ NY en foo - vs Tee \ — ~~ a a OS © )@() é © — TN — \ oc ~ \ ‘ 4 s / \ \ é \ NL, vy . ~ Lee NN y So ™ \ Ko ‘\ ee” fo” soo. oo © . } .. Cc 1 @ “ \ ™ > OS eee NO eo ate / . ! J / \ Y a ~ ee ~~ ~ ~. _ 7 JO € 7 / ~ ee J @ ae, me _ . : on a the diagram on the board, The averaze in this test was about twelve correctly placed out of the twenty. A couple placed up to seventeen bus with seven and eight matches misplaced, At the end of the thirty sedonds the diagram drops out of 8s sight and a slip of paper is handed the operator with the following information, DIAGRAM (F) This diagram represents a series of st:eets and the holes thereon represent houses, At the signal turn the slip over and follow instruetions, The operator readg this carefully and then examines th corresponding set of holes on the board which as explained by the &lip are laid out in the form of a2 main street and side street. Morth being to the top as on a map, At the signal the slip is turned and on the turned side is found the following instructions, Placé one match in the second house on the north side of Third street, east of Broadway, Place another match on the southwest corner of Broadway and Second streets, Place two matohes on the west eide of Broadway in the vLlack between Second and Third streets but not in a corner house, Place onematch at the east end f Second street on the north side of the street. Recond ig taken of the length oftime that it takes to complete the test, the number of matohes placed and the number incorrectly placed are recorded, Results showed lack of ability on the part of several to follow instructions as in same cases not one of the five matohes was correctly placed, Two men in the group showed exceptional ability by correctly placing the five matohes in 1 minute and 1.9 minutes respectively, The average time taken was about one minute, This test was mainly to determine opwers of soneentration and powers of retaining several things in the mind at one time both of which are requisite in following instructions, The next test begins another scries, This test (@) is Laid out on the board the same as test (A) but is removed about twenty inches, This means that in the carrying out of the test that the hand travels better than three feet every time a match is transfered from the box to the row of holes, This test shows the speed and ease of arm movement, The left arm only is used on this test the rules béing the sane as for test (A) fest (H) is similar excepting that the holes are larger, that both hands may be used and that three matohes are placed in each hole, Wot more thaam three matches in each hand are a allo wed at any time. From this it can be seen that the left hand must count out three matches and transfer them to the . richt hand, While the left hand counts out three more the right hand places the first three in the proper hole, Thiz simple operation requires concentration of the mind and coe operation betwesn the hands, fest (I) was not used, Test (J) is similar to test (G) except that the right arm is used instead of the left arn, Test K is a color test originated by the author and added to the matchboard, There are bwo blocks of nine holes each, The holes of one block are underlined whth the names of colors while the holes of the other block have the corresponding colors under them, The names 4 eS q 9 gq v Tessrny BWCIgoN ZT *Dp°sd SUTATI TT “a°K uo#suyof OT proisg AeTyUNg 6% ° g°’y seznyg °x°s WVyels) 2 *$°p Tomep “A 290TH “a°D [Sessoig Ff ° g°a dexyung ¢# °‘d°L Sfuung gf ‘S°y yNorjueMLy TH Art3.0e1Tp usxey ss waEC Match board data correoted to percentages. yon a basis of ten. a-b 50/a-b Tot. @& J/2 ¥/.5T G/s 48/2 D/L.5 8/28 C/2 OMOMARAASCESCom HN OwWHMome VWOQEKO creé 0UlelUcemlUCOmUmCOCD ee e@ @ @ SESERBTSVLESE canngcebeoan Chagebvoraow Se°s88segue8 0 «3 Ve) 3 RRR OORROK®OD re) 3 Vw WO GE HH 2 wo ) 0 OO HD 566”? Oavoagage Fr OHAaAG@ mom 0 06 @] WHHREWHHE6OHH Y.) 3 258628 528688 okeoltecastakwa vs) 2608 An Ys) ©¢ Qe @ eo °¢ e aaeaiS6 HGBoaaae BERLELE Reagan + Poles @2 ENED OSOROS 3 & g XK 80 °@8@ erole: & S@ @O 6@ eyoses \ Fe0e0200060ee8eseeceso ““©G OOS HSOHOHSOO TSOHSSSS SS egses & 0 © 00 000968988 60050680 4 ®esssooee SO Se 68 > SSSSHORCH SS OC # . O©SOSSSESS SHHHSSHHSSEES KR ly S@e@esegeok homprog GOTO OSOHSES COCHRSCRAAAES S®ESSE886 QS e 69 > 9280088860 98 Se e@8 : a 26 3@ 80 S@ 8@ SE X@ 36 2@ Se Le RS ae 0@ 2@ VO 3@ Loe Re Yo Le Ye de Se ie . ° S %@ 2@ Ye Se 2o@ fe G Xe fo So So * S@ S@ LO S@ FO SO S@ Le 3@ Oe SE = aye 8@ %@ S@ FO S@ Le X@ Ge te Se . 6@ °@ 26 S@ Le L@ 26 26 Yo Se $e . * ~~ *S t@ Fe fe Se t@ t@ Le ye de se 3 ° r® 36 AS H@ LO RO YO RO Go Re Le =) Y9 9 Yo Xe Xo Lo Ye Xo Yo Xe se = ~© 8S RO HO F@ FO YO KOS GO 39 86 cE © O86 O88 0000080000088 E> 000 SSCS OHH O89 OHSHHEBS VED OOOO SOO OOOH OSOE OOO OEE TED © OS OOOH SOHH EHO HSLLEOSOES 2S Match Board Test Date Name TEST A B CD 8B F @H I J Ka kT TIME IN SEC, 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 _ MISTAKES SCORE Total seore Class grade in marking the students work it was only necess:ry to ob— tain the comparative results which made it necessary for a standard of marking. The following standard was formed. There were tem separate tests on the matoh board each one of shich was to bear on the final result. Then in order to mark the match board test as a whole on the basis of one hun- dred each test was marked on a basis of ten and the ten results added to obtain the final result, The correlation of this test with the course grade was a about 40% which is not a discouraging correlation, After the m:tch board test came the fifth and last test which was a block assembling test and was for the pwrpose of finding the students ability in analizing and following the analysis, Cube Assembling Test The cube which wag about 4"by 4"by 4° was painted bleck on the outside, This cube was composed of twenty-seven small @qual cubes, Thus the oorner oubes were black on three sides the edge cubes were black on two sides , a ¢52/ 37°/€ TT Re Se Ta \ , eee — —__— - —__ Tie SF ee ee A — ad / es == oad SS _— _ Se a ——— eee - oe = a ae! ~ ——_— a iT Armentrout 2 Bunker Burris Dreasel Eliot Gamel Graham Hughes Huntley Johnson Likens M°Broom o @O©@wyvyv O@ Oo FP GT DW ~~ fe pb & SO on > 9 ‘© 2 © © ee > © © a 7@C Aiicol — — w>wwwpwawvwaqwr>r w RA i Exfres sign 0 Q > BP WD OQ ob kek welUlheCUWD “~ © FF Q2 FP AQ Db KR FP QO AP e i > ee > © Pe © Pe © Pe * © ee © | 7 EL pods, La — @Queund BABB B BtB 8 B+ C AB B B C C Gy C B C+B B CGC C B-C AB BB OGOAaA De A B D B B GF G DDoODdDsBD BG G Cc pDD CB B G= D Cc DB B CG OD B C B-B C CHB=B Cc- Cc A bcCA B B B C Choc B CYB B OF B GC D CG D+B & D+ @C y Ria. LS Xx] SER] =|~|-8] s vi Rt oA els] Le ef] 3 us SIS oS Sty SPB ol spe Ess e BAST - Rei ts a y A 0 "ON KLOP I MiG Wi) os ys of RS i , the edge cubes were black on two sides, the side cubes were black on one side and the center cube had not black sides, (Diagram of test #5). These small cubes were laid before the student in a pile and he was to build the large cube get- ting the small oubes in their proper places, This is more diffioult that it seens and the results show it to be of value as a mentality test. In grading the test time alone «as necessary as the student would work until it was entirely right. This was the last of the five tests, The standing of the tests were tabulated and correlated with the grades given by the instruetor,. The average for all t2sts was found and another correlation between this andthe instructors grades, These averages were also scorrelatcdagainst, The students total college average as reoeived for two terms work, The method of correlation is as follows, With twelve students graded the hishest number of misplace— ments is 12 divided by 2 or 6, The students are numbered from 1 to 12 :.nd their numbers arranged with respect to class rade with the highest crade first another row arranged with respect to test gr=-de is made under this, A row of numbers ranging from 1 to 12 is placed on the proper and under this is placed a row obteined as follows, Take the first number in the first row end loc:te the same npaber in the second row, Place its position number counting from the left under the 1 of the third row, Taking the second number in the first row continug as before until the forth row is completed, Now subtract eadh nugber in the ofrth row from the number above it in the third row andadd these results disregarding the signs, This number divided by the number of men tested will give the average migplacements ami since 6 is the highest possible number of misplacements, this number divided by six will give the percent of displacement, Subtraet this percent from 100 and the result is the percent of correlation, A 650% correlation or above in wery good meaning that the students agerage pesition was within a quarter length of the row from being correct as comparing the test grades with the shop grades, The following are correlations for the fife tests given. Tachhigal Test Correlation With Recitation Grade fMan (eee eet RE 1859 4 81138 2 6 7 1012 Test fl-l 2346 67 8 9 10 11 1212 48 267 9 3 QW) 2 = Al 41 divided by 12 equals 3,41 which is the average misplace— mant,. . 12 divided by two equals 6 which is the highest pessible mis- phacenmént, 3.41 divided by 6 equals .568 100 — .568 equals 43% which is the amonnt of Correlation, Technical Test Correlation With Course Grade fan 4 6 2 3 10921 67 «11«12 8 Course -1 5 § 4838 I 3 2 6 9 10 12 Test 128 3 4 § 6 7 8 9 10.211 12 4 3 7 9 2 au @quals 40 a ee eine at —_ 40 divided by 12 equals 3.31 which is the average mispla cement. " 6 equals the highest possible mis placement, 3,31 divided by 6 equals .552 100~ 1552 equals 454 which is the amount of correlation, Expreseiog Test Correlation With Course Grade fion 4 5 2 31091697 «211 218 8 3 14 2 L 10 9 8 iaw7? Ll & 6 2 22 48 67 8 1 5 9 1 29 2 8 ES eS 0 8 $4. —“$equais 37 . 88 divided by 12 equals 3.08 which is the average ie © misplacement, 6 equals the highest possible misplacement, 308 divided by 6 equals ,613 100 9 .513 equals .487 which is the amount of correlation, Peg Test Correlation With Gourse @rade_ #Man 465623 10 91 6 7 11 #12 8 101 2353 89 4 &5 7 11 12 6 1 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 18 2 9 . 4 5 7 8 41 $ 48 a8 ud + 0 4 | | | eqhals 32 $2 divided by 12 equals 2 66 which is the average misplacement, 2.66 divided by 6 eqpals ,444 100 — ,444 equals .556 which is the amount of correlation, : be Bo Corre W t ‘0 1485 2231091697 «211 «12 8 4110811239 7 6 1265 4 8 723 40 divided by l2 is 3.31 which is the average misplacement. 3.o1 Givided by 6 equals 552 100- .552 equals 45% whidh is the amount of colleration, Match Board Correlation With Course Grade 4 6 23 10912 67 YW 12 8 1008 42412931 7 «11 ~ «5 6 123 4 5 6 7 8 Y 1O 11 12 ; 114 7 1 6 8 42 2 190.. 5 & 1 5 4 0 O 6 14Q Equals 40 follow s-me plan as above, Determined Course Grade Correlation With Two Term School- astio Average #Man 1 8 9 10 4 6 ll 3 4 111 10 9 12 6 3 0 & 123 4 565 6 7 8 LO > 106 4 2 8 1a 6 5 6 2 0 4 So equals 38 38 divided by 12 equals 3.18 which is the average mis placement, 3.18 divided by 6 equals .._ 100 — .53 equals 474 which is the amount of correlation. ‘ow that some of the wercittw of these tests have been shown it will be well to say a word as to selection of tests for the purpose wanted. Selection of Tests Since the development of mentality tusts to be used in em- ployment and proper placing of the many different types of lavor and clericcl help has been, only after about 1914, there are eonsequently inumbgable available tests worked out by different individuals or groups to cover the different require— ments of employment, @ portion of these have not been pratt—- ced or standardiged, | It is very evident th-t different types of labor would not do equally well with #he same test altho they might be equally efficient at their respective jow¥s, For example it would be absurd to expect a man who is an ex- pert on a punch machine fo pass the same tvpe of test as the man who ocerrics or trucks - .@ll day. Mr, Kemble in his book on "Choosing Employees$ by the test brings this out very well in andexceptionally simple test used on several men of the laboring class, The test was merely this, The man to be tested was given an eight pound dumbell and was told to raise it from his Bhoulder as amy times as he oauld,. This test is ont that is usually entered into by the man as a sort of challange and really brings out what the man actually is, On this test not only the number 6% times byt also the rate per minute is taken into consideration, It was found that one man raised and lowered the whtght at a very high R P M but that he tired much quicker with respect to number of times that his pardner who was not so fast, The first man would make a peice worker while the other wauld do to handle stock, A test for small office boys of courssw would not be like one for older people, The test used by the Western Electric and which is also found in Hollingworth Vogational Psychology consists of the following, one sheet of two numbersadditions, a sheet of simple subtractions, one of simple multiplication end one of division, a sheet of siaple ppposits one of copy~- ing, one of silent reading, one of language (filling in blanks ‘in sentences) and one of instructions, The test of instructions is one that will puz*le many people and is a catchy test. Thus we see that the tests for difforent clesses of men must be carefully selected. These may be classified as fol- lows: Tests for: Office boys Laborers Superintendents Office employes Executives If i8 is required to give the same general examination to all employees a general examination containing ea few essentials to all possible placements. Then in grading the tests the testee may be classified as well as gradéd on comparative ability. Major Robert M. Yerkes states as the purpose of psycholog- ical testing as (A) To aid in segregating the mentally imcom- petant. 7 (B) To classify men according to their mental capacity. (C) To assist in selecting competant men for responsible positions. These three points seem to cover the requirements and should be considered in the selection of tests. In April of 1921, Thomas A, Edison made public a series of questions prepared to be used as a test for prospective employ- ees, This list of questions has met with a great deal of orit-— icism and mostly adverse oritioism. The questions are of a nature which would require a general knowledge of engineering, medicine, history, and many other subjects, But which do not necessarily require initiative only inas much as that initia- tive was used in acquiring this knowlege; which point must not be over looked, This test has been used with college men, with college women and with business men and in nearly every case proved to much for the contestants, This would point to the fact that the test was a failure, but on the contrary in the mind ofthe author it was anything but a failure, The point is here, The test ltself has un- doubtedly been proved as impractical but the idea involved is absolutly correct and the giving of the test only better de—- fined the practical test which will probably be an out growth of thbs one, | Thetype of test made by sdisgon is one that covers pratic-— ally every field of human interest so that upon examining a test paper one oan readily see what things the testee is most interestéd in and which things he is best adapted tof Failing in the Ldison test, as refered to, does not condem & mans abillity but only classifies him in one group or mother according to the amount and class of nis failure, Our technical test differs from this test in that it is to determine comparative ability only along one certain line, The following are questions formulated by Edison and show a marked contrast with the te-1nio?+ questions used by the author, 1. What countries bound France? 2. What oiby and country produce the finest china? So. Where is the river Volga? 4, What is the finest cotton grown? 5S. What country consumed the most tea before the war? 6, ‘Yhat city in the United States leads in making laundry mach ines? 7, What city is the fur center of the United States? 8, What country is the greatest textile producer? 9, Is Australie greater than Greenland in area? 10. Where in Copenh: zen? 11, ‘here is Spitzbergen? 12. In what country other than Australia are kangaroos found? 13, What telescope is the largest in the world? 14, Who was Bessemer and what did he do? 15, How:many states in tho Union? 16, Where do we get prunes from? 17. «who was Paul Revere? 18. Who was John Hahcock? 19, Who wes Plutarch? 20. Who was Hannibal? al. Who was D nton? 45. 22. ho was Solon? 23, Who was Francis Marion? 24, Who was Leonid-s? 25. Where did we get Louisian.. from? 26, ‘sho was Pizarro? 27, ‘ho was Bolivar? 28. What war-mzéterial did Chile export to the Allies dur- ing the war? 29. Where does most of the coffee come from? SO, Where Korea? 31. Where is wanchuria? 32. Where was “apoleon born? 33. What is the highest rise of tide on the North Atlantic coast? $4, Who invented logarithms? 35. Who was the Emperor of Mexico when Cortez landed? 36, Where is the Imperial Valley andwwhat is it noted for? 37. What and where is the Sargasso Sea? 38. What is the greatest known depth of the ocean? 393 What is the name of a large inland body of water that has no outlet? 40. What is th @ capital of Pennsylvania? 41, What State is the largest? Next? 42. Rhode Island is the smallest State, What is thenest and the next? 43. How:far is it from Nes York to Buffalo? B4. How far is it from New York to San Franoisco? 45. 46, 47, 48. 49, Sl. 52., 53, 55, 56, 57, 58. 59, 60, 61. 62. 65, 64, 65, 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. How far is it from New York to Liverpool? Of what State is Helena the Capital? Of what State is Tallhasse the capital? What State has the largest amethyst—mines? What State has the largest copper—mines? What is the name of a famous violin-—maker? Who invented the modern paper-making machine? Who invented the typsetting machine? who invented printing? How is leather tanned? What is artificial silk made from? What is a Casson? What is sheilao? What is celluloid made from? What causes the tides? To what is th cahnge in seas ns due? What is coke? From what part of the North Atlantic do we get codfish? who reached the South Pole? wnat is a sionsoon? Where is Magdalena Bay? From where do we import figs? , From where do we get dates? Where do we get our domestic sardines? Khat isthe longest railroad in the world? Where is Kenosha? 71. 723. 736 91. 92 94, 95. 96. 97, 98, What is the speed of sound? What is the speed of light? Who was Cleppatra and how did she die? Where are condors found? Whe discovered the law of fravitation? What is the distance between the earth and sun? Who invented photography? wnat country vroducesa the most wool? What is felt? What cereal is used in all parvs of the world? “hat Statesproduse phosphates? “hy is gast iron called pig iron? Name three principal acids? Nase three powerful poisons? “no discovered radium? Wh. discovered the x-ray? Name three principal alkalis? What part of Germany do toys come from? What States bound West Virginia? Where do we get peanuts from? What is the capital of Alabama? Who c.mpased *]] Trovatore*? What is the weight of air in a room ® by SO by 107 Where is platinum found? With what mtal is platinum associated when found? How is sulfuric eaoid made? “here do we get sulfur from? 98, Who discovere? how to vule:.nize rubber? 99, Where do we import rubber from? 100, 101, 102, 103, coal? 104, 105, 106. What is vuleanite and how is it meade? Who invented the cotton—fin? ~hat is the prioe of 12 grains of 201d? "nat ia the difference between anthrsaoite and bituminous wnere do ve cet bonzol from? Of what is glass made? ilow is window-gless nade? 107, “hat is porcelain? 198, ‘shat country mekes the best optical lenses and what city? 109, “het kind ot 2 machine is used to cut the facets on dianonds? 110. What is a foot—pound? 111i. Where do we get boraz from? 112. Where is the Assuan D-m? 113, ‘that star is it thet hss been recently me:sured and found tc be of enormous sige? 114. What large river in the United States flows from south to north? 115. “hat ar e the Strats of Messina? 11@,. ‘hat is th: highest monntain in the wonld? 117. Where do we import cork from? 118. Where is the St, Gothard Sunnel? 119.. What is the Taj Mahal? 120, ‘here is Lebrador? 121. Who wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner "? lZz, 135, world? 136, 137. 138. 1®. Who wrote "Home Sweet Home"? Who was wartin Luther? What is the chief acid in vinear? Who wrote "Don Quixote"? Who wrote "Les Miseravles"? What place is the greatest distance below sea-level? What are «.s—-handles made of? Vho made "The Thinker"? Why is a Fahrenheit Thermometer called Fahrenheit? Who owned and ran th New York "Herald* for a long time? what is copra? #nat insect carries malaria? who digeovered the Pacific Ocean? What sountry has the largest output of nickel in the o What ingredients are in th best white paint? What is Glucose and how made? In «hat part of the world does it never rain? What was the approximate population of England, France, Germany, and Russia before the war? 160. 141, 142, 143, Where is the city of Mekka? Where do we get quicksilver from? Of what are violin-strings made? What oity on the Atlantic seaboard is the greatest pot- tery center? A BIBLIVGRAPHY OF REFERANCES CONSULTED TO AID IN THE COMPILTATION OF THIS REPORT Monroe=- "Measuring the Results of Teaching". Wilson and Hoke- “How to Measure", The Annals of the American Aeadamy of Social and Politieal Seience, May 1916, Kemble—- “Choosing Rmployees by Test*, Yoakum and Yerkes- "Army Mental Tests", pub- lished by Henry Holt and Go., N. Y. Thurston, L. L. - “A Standardized Test for Office Clerks", Journal of Applied Paychology, Sept. 1919, Hol, III, Thurston, L. L. ~ "Mental Tests for Prospeo- tive Telegraphers", a Study of the Diognostic Value of Mental Tests for Predicting Ability to Learn Telegraphy, Journal of Applied Psychology, June 1919, Vol, III. Herbert A. Toops, *Educational Differences among & Rudolph Pintner~ Tradesmen*, Journal of Applied Payohology, Mareh 1919, Vol. III. Jesse Knowlton Flanders— "Mental Tests of a Group of Employed Men showing Correlations with Estimate Fur- nished by Employer", Journal of wpe ir. Psychology, ’ Sept 1918, ol Terman, L. M. - °A Trial of Mental and Pedagogical poste in a Civil Service Axamination or Policeman and Firemen, Journal of Applied Psychology, March 1917. Terman, L. ii.~ “Measurement of Intelligense", Relation of General Intelligence to Certain Mental and Physical Traits. Bridges-Yerkes-Hardwick- "Measuring Mental Abiltiy". Twenty-four articles as listed in Reader's Guide of the past few years under the headings- Ability, Mental Tests, Intelligence Tests. MENTALITY TESTS AND THBIR RELATIONS TO THE HIRING AND PLACING OF LABOR AND OFFIOE HELP The object of this work is to make the writer more familiar with what has been accomplished with mental— ity tests, the practicalness of and the possibilities for mental tests with regard to employmant and to the right placing of employees. It is also for the pur- pose of making him familiar with the methods of analyz— ing mental tests. Intraduocti on: A discussion of the history and progress of mental-— ity work, I, Classification of tests with regards to; 1, Type of person to be tested, ze, iLnformation wanted. II Giving of tests to students, 1. Selection of tests, 2. MBthod of giving tests. 5. Analysis of tests, 4. Deductions from analysis, fit, Formalation of original tests with explanation of results to be obtained from using them, = Se wwe ,, ROOM USE ONLY Nov29°46 4 Juli2 49 Novi8 "48 Jan Sy s® Fe 14 °° OCT 29 1960 | NOV 12 wou 118 30°36 gh ROOM USE ONLY Nuw29 ine | Juli2 49 Novis ‘48 Jan 5 4D Feo 14 ef) OT 29 69 ty | NOV 12 ov » “iil UNIVERSITY LIBRA (i) iil Vb HTN 3 1293 03056 ui