LHESIS AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OO Uae ah) hg D.C. BLACK W. E. SAVAGE 1917 An Experimental Study of Carbureters ,, . A Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of WCHL GAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEC# f A. —_. By ae Ne , \* Lua oN ( D. C. Black » *, SCsvece Candidates for the Degree of Bachelor of Science June, 1917. CONTENTS. Pint I. Gesoline znalysis end Discussion P27 Il e Curves of Distilletion ena Snecific Cravity of Gecoline. P’n? III. Genersl Discussion end Exolenetion of Laboretory Tests, Illustrations em Diecress. Curves of Cérbureter Tests. Acknowledgement. The authors of this thesis wish to extend their thenks for the velueble suszestions and help given by the denartiment. Es:ecially so beceuse of the extra burden of work end res»nonsibility on tnem, incident to the recent occunancy of the new engineering buildings. lay 24, 1917. 94076 THES I 3s. ‘ The first essentiel in this discussion is to know whet a carburetor is, enc wnat is senerally exnsected cr such a piece of exp: ratus. A cerbrretor is @ cevice .shich is used in connection with an intermal combustion engine, its ~ecul- iar function being the suppiying of tne cource of reat (usually hydrocerbon oil) end eir, in the prover proportions, to the engine int: ke maniztold ana hence to the combustion chember. This discussion will be limitea to gasoline es the sources of fuel hect. Tre gesoline used on this test was ordinery commercial oil es sold by the Standard Oil Compeny for gfaso- line compustion purposes. There was obtained rifty-five gall- ons of this distillate vhich was set aside and used as needed. Soon axter the suvply tank vas filled cam>les were taken. It will be noted here tmt the fuel was not allowed to stand and thet tm sennles were therefore true ¢vecimens of the quality of the oil as @ homoveneous liauia. The reason for teking these Se:nnvies wac to analyze to come desree of accuracy the fuel we were to use. Tle action of a carbtretor vill al- wa, : aepena directly upon tne gus.lity of fuel that is used in it. In the testing or analysis of sesoline «.: a nett fuel, One or the most velueble seens of ec:cminetion is thet of quantitetive distilletion. s few years eso kerosene was the most wented petroleum product, but recently, crectly because of the aavent of the casoline enrine md carburetor the cis- “n tillate commonly or commercielly callcd resoline is the most cesired of whe hydrocarbon grou. Gasoline is a very haré oil to enelyze or to define. It is extremely diffi- cult end practically impcesible to obvtvcin tre same oil from time to timc naving the seme wixture, cnd trere ceems to be wey et present to tell whet ve do set vithout extensive exoeriment: 1 testing. Tne reasoni.e cre tcestines tre gaso- line veed is to eocroximatcly know What ve cre usine for the experiment:1 comparative tcxts vnichn «re to follow. Gasoline is senerelly sola on tr besisc of its ssecific erevity, certein grevities being reserded <5 most cesirabic. foo light zesolines ere not cesirectlie on account of their disadvant:c7es ond canes in hrenaling and storing tnen. Heavier gagolines must be nenaled dirfereutly when used in internel comousti.n ensines. In tact, tm pronerty or censity is importent only vecause it beers en aporoximate rcelevion to the imvorteant property of GTEVLVY. To ..easure the srecific grevity of a vasoline is easy, but to se esure its volatility di is aqifficult, «nd for this reecon the uresent system of rrad- ins continues, slthoush its inecequecy is becoininzs vencre lly wecovninrcd. Ss reciric grevivy coes nut bear s& constent re- leticn to volatility of -s.oline:. .. rasoline :ede un of con- stitucats too licht to te céfe and sertly of otners too neevy to venorize eesily oy be of en averete Ssvecific cravity that enoroacnesc tne merk consicerce inoet desirable by ourenssers. fr The only catisfectory ené eceursve mevhoc of sesoline testing is by cnalytiecl cistilletion. Volevility, es indi- oN) e ceted by distillation rence, is the most im-ortent rnroverty in determining the velue of the product. Che mechanism of the crocess oy distilleavion mey ve briefly cescrivec in tne zollowins ciscussion. ‘When eny mixture is subject:d to cistilletion thr composition of the vevor just es it leéeves tne Liquid is controlied ty the pro- perties of tne licuid. The proportions of the verious con- stituents, their vepor pres.wtres, enc tne mutual zselations of solubility of the vevors in the liquids all pley ea pert in determining the composition of the mixture to be fsiven off. In general, however, tm vecnor isc richer in the more voletile constituents tnan is the oriszinal lidcuic. Nearly ell rrocesses of aicvillé vion involve vertiel con- Gensetion of the venors, so thet all of the vepor cscaping from the Llicuid does not »vass over into the condenser. ‘The tendency tovwarce concencation if tie treatcst vith tne consti- tuents of lesser volatility (hisher boiling point); end the loss of the mixture thet liquifies ena returns to the retort of tne distilling vezscl cavusec eé still further change in the composition of tne remaining venor, erain in the direction of enrichment with the more volatile constituents. still another fector of imoortence is tne wasning that occurs When the returninz concensate ena tie accendins venors come in contsct. Here ecsin the readjust:.cnt of concitions tovwercs equilibrium recults in still furtner enrichment of the venor in voletile constituent... It eoneers, trerefore, that all the evfects of cistiiletion tem towerd seseratvion of the more volatile from the less vol: tile constituents, the more volatile predominsting in the distillete em the less volatile in the residue. When a distilletion is carried to completion, the first fractions contain most of the more voletile and later most of the less voletile substéences. [ | : Pi ® The first and fundamental neec in this distillation test is accurete temserature reasurement. In the set-up used by us & mercury thermometer was used which hed a ranze of 0° 250°C. At the beginning of e run the mercury in the thermometer stood at ebout 25° C. “This thermometer was of en accurate and high- grade class as used.for such purposes in tle chemical laboratory The rete of distilletion is an important factor in the distillation of gasoline. The metter of time has little to do with the velue of the results, although violent ebullion thet causes unvoletilized spray to come over vith the vapor should be evoicged. To instre as fer es rossible e prover rate of distilletion © geand. beth wes veed snd tne exmosed varts of the sasoline conteiner, (a “Verts (250 C.C.) flask) wee jecketed with dry cloth. “his vave « very ccticlZactozy, uniform, snd well cistribtted rete or Gistitletion. A conaition weaich cifects 2° cistiiletison test or this kind is etmocnneric -rescure. Tests were mace on ciivterent vS when tre esmospheric sves:uve veried es invch os 5 "i. ct of Ex. Room teivers ture end air current abort tne rlesk vould have little exfect es lt was vléenmieted by cloth end send. The source of heet used ves 2 (lecker) res burner vith rubber tune connection. This clloved rervuléetion of the emount of hes.t cos needed end cllowed &@ maximun temrersture of 2069 4, oe The distillete wes trepoea atter vacsiasg tnru a concenser in &n tnlemeyer flesiz which fitted loosely over the ena of the conuenser tubve; tne Lnlemeyer rlesk ss set in e« bell jer of water. The distillete we. elloved to =: ther in the =nlemeyer flack throuch s temseretvre rensc of 109 C; then the flask was removed ene the coliected distiilate meceured in % C., record- ed, © ro c reletions ere shou.n by the curves cesifna the pronerty of viscosity is not orcinerily eacssociated with licuids as light es ctesoline. It is = Yact Rovever, that to some extent the flow of sesoline thru tre nozzle of © cer- buretcr is directly «vfectcd by chenses of temperature. Thus, if e cerbureter nozzle is adjusted to clive &@ proper mixture at a vorking temper: ture of 100° >. it will discherre unaer certsin condition. e little over 71° of the reavisite fuel when the temoerature f.lls to 509 2. which is the very time when en excess of fuel is needed. Like other cn&recieristics of zaso- line, its viscosity vrries with its com:osition, tnerevore ce- Tinitve rerul: tion of the -ucl orifice, theimostetic or ot.erwice, is conseauently cirficult. Je 7. Stoddard, Professor of Chemistry in mith Collece, ine book "Introduction to Orzenic Chemistry", 1914, ~ives the 2zollovine teole: 3o0ilines betveen Jo. crevity (Petroleum ether $09 -— 600 Q0.665 - 0.670 (Nenzine or aephtha 709 = 90° 0.680 - UO.72 Gasoline Ligroin 1509 - 300° (Iubrica:tin> oils ebove s00° Conteins cnierly C5 Hyp - Ce Ai, Ce Ha - Cn He C7 416 - Cg Hig Tabulated Data Praetionel LDWistilleticn of “*ecoline. Test TCL Toit Tect cl ye “iO 4 Temp. «Mt. amte oom ante sane ute ene Teme List- Dist- ple Lis t- ole Dict vle CC. =... CoCo | CeCe iO 25 77 55 0.3 151 60 140 65 0.8 L49 70, 158 _ 75 1.4 ll.ec 1 Lov &O 176 85 Led 1.8 ¢& 185 90 S26 1 194 95 Jed Le? 3 203 LOQ i oe 105 5.5 10.5 4 8.6 eC ae 110 . £30 115 11.0 5e6 5 6.7 3 LOI 120 - £48 125 = =6«16.9 8.5 6 Tek 4, Lol 130 266 1355 8.5 8.1 7 9.0 5 275 140 6.4 1 284, 145 = 7.9 7.8 8 9.7 6 29S 150 14.5 2 502 - 155 8.1 10.7 9 15.0 7 oll 160 Oe Ll 3 Oe 165 8.0 11.0 10 10.5 8 OLY L170 20.5 4. 538 175 7.0 7.38 lil 7.6 9 O4t 180 15.5 5 556 185 5.6 08 li 5.o 10 o65 190 8.8 6 O74 195 scol.e4 6.8 56 11 O80 200 4.9 7 O98 © £10 Ses 2.1 (206) 4.1 Le 2.8 8 4.10 £15 13 419 _ — Res. 1.4 Res 1.9 Totel 94.6 9662 95.5 98.0 Tle aks SETEQbv1 Unoalancec Sencereter sor le Mebviitetod Dr te - =™N 2 ~. — e wv. Onell DFSetLi. cs tion of © fn mas ane we CS OS , ve in nae 4-2 oy. © c UoLrEeccd UL OTT - O.°¢ \) Q.,0079 ~i bey w bap ~4 ak e e tO tH t 0) on | ifs on 1 CO: 7-8-9 Untievil-e led Teo Line 526706 7.0950 6.071% Tentle 74459 7.6568 729100 74771 7 9c40 7.9540 7e4170 5666295 © 7.0851 ROE evrye 764775 Test -8 6.0605 7.2041 7.4660 7.6559 7 .SV0EL1 Test 4. 714698 7.7250 7.9261 7.9461 Most 5 0.6880 0.7290 0.7460 0.7600 0.7940 0.7490 0.77380 0.7950 07980 ~J i pf © Ze og Samed TGS Canes Generel Discussion end Ex slanation. The cerbureter is © device wich, lille meny other mechznis.ns, is of »wracticelly no reel vilue excent wnen used &as an interrel vert of une mechine for which it is aesigned. It -nust, «s e& overt of an automobile, vrerorm its varticula function so as to give satisteectory resulvs rrom the cteand- point of & sclif-pronrelled venicle,. €&id to eccomnlish this funeticn v.ith tre best economy end eificienacy vith catisrection. But in the ctudy of the automobile tne scone is fer too brosa.e. The number or v@ricbics cnc tie relation of the verious units vecomes So intricave. Thererorc the only wy to study or investicsate tune mechine is to take each tnit intivicually. Also by tekine c&ch wart vericbics cna combin. ticne cof varie- biez can often be cvoided @ivinz Cervini c date -ne results of ve. lue. In the crowth end cevelopment ort the cecience of carbure- brouzat Yorth. Some of o cn tion there im: ceen a scries of ty trese ere ti: ken un in the tollowins »eregrephs. On curve sheet .9 will te found t.0 curves One. hirh sower curve end the other a high efficiency curve. ‘The zone between these tvo Lines covers tune ranze of cuclity vithin which it has 7 been round desirable that vie avelity should be wsinteained. The bounderies or tris zone may not be universally accented as tne best, but @re esnrroxivetely the best. The types or ec rbureters in order arc tuese: de. oclemintery Yirred Orifice. ie Comnenseted " " LS) fe sir velve cless or cervureters. 1. Element: 1 eir valve, without Zised cir oritice. bse Sime , witha compense sting cir veive en fined orifice. Qe alr Velve vith cuypple..cnt: 1 -ssolinc jet. 4 sir velve wivn vzevering cin evteencd to cir velve. De «lr valve, wirn neeale velve catrolled cy cem on throttle. 6. «sir velive, teins friction convril oF vecolince. 7. “ve to sterse Cerbrvretcr. pome of the innerent ecreracterictics of the tyres vill next be zivea. wiltn the Lirst, elenentary Tlsea crifice csrriurever the cus lity .211 ‘ess out of the sone :.hen less tnen eighteen cubie fcet of air cre used. Znic unnles it dinvossiole to en- rich small quentities of cir. Thererore vais vr-e cannot ve veeag with svecess, ne it becomes: necessary to embo y in the earbureter cone incens for inereasine tne racsoline supply where it is ceficient. Veriovs cevices ere usec for this »urvose. pone effect tne nece séry concedsavion cy actiny on the reso- line ¢us.ly, tne -s on tne cir, nd still otners on both. The second, tne compensevec tinea orifice cerburcter 1s »rovidced Vito sunscle.zetal or commenvating cevices which in- ¢ ! rs, ereese the suoply of casoline, werticvlerly et pert where it iS most cericient. Under this cless or air v. lve carbvrevers first cones the €lementc.l cir velve cerotretecr vithout rized @ir vritice. This tyoe is not e vracticel svecescs, but the principle involved is to ellow all tm casoline to te cdinitted thru © finec orifice em cll tne air trrué corinz-clo. e€a Tre seconac tyce uncer time cir veive @GLibseeiriestion Eir Ve. vel the Sinsle cerbiretcr vith co.wwsens: tiny cir valve end tinea orifice. ‘this type is well Imovn in a4 varie or trnc. The ficced cir "venturi cnoke™ end ordinerily war Wie. S Nac he t| BNC. —_ orifice or vir to: e@xrbureter. a - closed py ¢€ Scring ovoosec mM cuetion incresses Tre third ty-e unier this XIN ~ oO cus olement Ol:ne jet. Com Y Ge to ecevse ea seconc vesoline jet to co: Cs —— 5 Linum eonecity, ceficient. If this second it coes in neny Caser, ebrunt coense which is The forth ty:e is tm air pin attached to tm sir velive. The medium end hich eir qurentities rut being used tne result if sn extrei. The fifth tyre is valve controlied vy cem on throttic. load st certsin sveed is such tre tnroivle causes fuel require¢ wy the e@ir tut. t i. orifice is often celled the tse cesoline nonzle eesoline as vefore is resulieted by “a.oline orifice S eco ne. air voelve Various austen tiazg 3e0 1% ceus uncesira valve cerovreter .. Vnen £m oly tne sir veive carbureter tnt the tne needle valve belns "Strangie velve™ or the ° aw ccrbhinates & reméins unchonsed in the cir pe in this type voich ovens Ge cir v. lve cerbureter mon. neve izcen used n6é into action before reech- tne sv muly where it hes t comes into service ebrwot- oO es te qulity ciacvrenm to ble. .ith metering erfect if cee 2a LL au nt: lescn mixture. ~ivh neeccle “or this ix the ty e, necessery nosition of to sucply the smount of uzecc, then a normal quality of mixture is su clied, but under all other con- qltvions the mixture is either too lean or too rich. This is & condition that is clays found when cesoline orifice 1 C1 veried by Opening éna closing tne throtvle. che sixth tyne is tm eir velve carcureter ting iriction control of « coline. This tyne rives e cuelity line t-at re- mains within tne cone ané is nearly constant for a lirre renre but hes the elimin:tins dissdvantéece tit vluctuations in 3 teinereture meke a freay veriation in the flow of zarzoline. The seventh ena lest tyne is the two-sti ce caerburcter. t is essentis lly two cerbureters, vie orim.ry heaving t..ice vere ecavacity of tne secondary. The aquelity curves reve a teadeney to cross tne zone esvecizlly wren the «rimery starz is in use which is vsed ebout 90% of the time. The second- ery stece is about .xc.réllel to the ez:tent of tne zone cond should give gooa recvlts. The carvweters scilecved for tne exceriment:1l vork were @ licrvel ena Zenith. Treic cercureiers are com erctively simple, emboc ying the -rincipels reavired end ellowed cneanzing of cerburever in cev-un without a chenge in the set-up itself, thus xeening the runnine conditions more necrly constent. the Mervel carbureter is of tne tyne aiscusved previously under tne secon cna thire ty e of the sir valve carbrvrevers. O THROTTLE res- sure at tis ooint. « divierentiecl manomerver with weter vas ~~ 4 3 MAra-. - a. =. - ELV -auULTes o e veed for the orcssvre cro- over tne exrb. were obtcined by tect mincter:s. These ther aomeveor were ace- “rete, snd the Civisions were lerce vith © cmell numerical Yanre. Crere is one importent ecverse criticicnm to this set-un, it bein: thet the beffie tenir shcovld heve peen inclined so the t the entrayoed vrasoline vould mve floweca to tne residue coliector avickly elimins tine eny error cve to the se.oline tskins too much time to srevitete to tne residue coliector. Tne Yollowins is « -crocedure crf a vcst. The throttle valve Wes openec, tie tinmotor stertvec and blo.er cet in operet- ione Une wat.r wee turned on so tn.t Grvipsing vas un. ticeeble at tne exhaust. he throttle vas acjuevedc to give ebort a £0" veeurm thi carbureter. ‘he machine we. sllowed to run this wey for .everel minuves. The reservoir tenk wes Filed With ga voline, tie cock ves opened on tne reservoir ten, end segsoline ellovcd to flo. thru .et-wo sever. 1 minutes be- fore tne test cu bez;tn, wo allow sevvied runnine conditions re cna reduction and constency of teuceretures ond vressrvres. u Then tne scales were telenced ¢mi the noice set less then the belencinzt ~oint. when the scales belenecec, time wos recorded, resiave ecnaicer cios«<¢ end .ollowine reacinres talven; crocs tucl veirnt, ten eravurren cm reesvle ¢t oc re burever, van crat.le and oressvre cn crizice end -vessture tenks. Then for cx teree-minvuite intvervais tennerectures end pressures were recorded. Dvurinz this time the residue deo wag drcined olf twice into & conte ner. Sy lookius into tne 7 berrle tank thru tre gless ports e fog or mist csuld be plein- C ly seen veryin- in censivy in srosorvion to tre tnrottle Opening. wWwnen the tiizne wert cormletec Lor @ vteev run the cssco- line wes shut off, ell tem eratures end sresgures tal:cn, tne reservoir with remaining tuel cond the residue wei-~nec. “hen .or the next run in the cése of tne lervel ves vo Cheanse tne ecrbvreter throttwie velve. Tre ve were four open- inss trom full oven to necrly closed. After tnece Lfouvr throttle Oveninss were comoletved, @ new eaguztnent of the ce ravretver was imsade. itn the ' CH e e “I © O © © O5 Ct) e © | CO e as e ~ 09 £945 18.0 Sel oO wes nw O > e GO oO --- --- Oo | e 1 en en 1S e 1 nd © e C fH CO e mn 64.8 £9265 15.4 Sel 000 £5.25 --- > - 1] 2 ya é scan my 4 iro sana le soe 7 re, 7A c. r AGIOS erie Pressire on Diifercatvircl “ nenmeter, 13.5 tod. | 7 ~ ot 37 My ee " + : r 7 ‘ a ay NecaQhLe Velve, 2 tern oven, «lr .caveveent, 1 Ue onc. oe “+. AN ret 4 : aa eS -) -~, \ ss . om : oN = “4 1. Ge ‘oud dre. woilbu Let, O.72. 7 Ue “vel Conte Le Cr ’ LS “A.40.>6 Ms : = Jt vx % A - <— OG ve 7 7 o™ re ote | fm . mt 4. oa AN. 7 mo rr) 7 3-f- os 4 Line Ox Ue. aa aan) Cc ue aC id v nr st tT Ui vo Tooa load a) ae itl 111 u © . @ Sm Foe OPIN AR Te Cr. wok Onl bb _— ke Lo owlar Peo eg J +- © UO 3k a lle foe Runanine Tor of Cerburetcr Teste. iervel - rocel ©. -un Throte Or’ fice Ceak “rece Nomn. Tonas. Vee. . ete <“es- tle VaGe sure ir of in Or idue Velve Pyecie Tous. Orono at Venor “ore Svel Col- Orcn= eovre. Poru erie at “le Used Ilect- inge Corbe vrete “uit Genk Ole vret- er. or cross Cross ele Corie uret-= 0 Cle Hoe To. "WieO OF. _ "E00 Ce OC. “Er. The. The. O.S 67.8 292.0 19.8 6eO £25 1962 2£.6 ~ 6 5 0.8 65.7 2906 19.0 10.7 £&.5 === ==- o O29 65.5 o9e6 18.9 10.5 &£.5 --- --- o O.9 Cde7 29.6 19.0 10.6 2.5 -=—- =H o 0.8 65.8 69.6 19.0 10.7 &.5 --- ame c 0.8 65.6 ooeS 18.8 10.7 2£.5 --- =-- O1 0.9 600 £9.25 19.0 10.9 £.6 15.9 --=- Owe 66.5 2904 19.1 11.6 &. Hae aoe 5 19.0 11.4 22 ea mon > Oo @ 0S Cr © e@ ;— n co e 4. Owe Ce 29.5 19.0 11.5 °.8 ---- --- A. OV! 65.6 69.5 19.0 11.2 2.8 mae ome 4 0.2 65.6 69.5 12.9 lle 2.2 ---- --- O LO. et 165,05 m-j—- C4) e nN en C1 we) e ~] 4 Cc) e co Ce \ 7) . = s re -” tar ‘ 7 “ 4. + one . ae -y Sunninz Loz ov Cernireter Ucets. ~ ely ~- a iisswevyel - iiccel =. Y. .- mn “~ a “ ‘ ae . ms ws > * ~s -~ ee m 1 ve iA "AN 5 ~* ~d- ~~ « “Un Larcue Ori LILCC Worst PPC o> LOL e .. Co e Vee e > ve “OS = tle evre «1% of in of icre Ce Dro»o €& Yomor Dav- “vel Col- Oocn=- Jrece- Temp. Trim Ceorb- at dle Used Leet- ing. SULC . Copbe vrete oc it Ten eC. “Le CerDe= Cooss Cross r z O-— rT . <7 ~ NO-« No e tO Ne We O On, Or, "HH. Lie e Lbs e » — “ _ nan - 1.6 69.6 9.5) «660.8 CO ome C7 e ° cn 6 e@ ™ © mee e en © 1.6 69.6 29.0 & © e cO j}— if» e } ° on 1.6 70.1 9.5 ele: 14.4 2.5 ---- -—= 1.7 69.9 9 eO) OLE L O14 COED --—— -—— 5 eee --- 1.7 70 ek 9 ef wo eo 14 8 vie 1.6 70.6 9 26 216d L4.0 Led eo = — a os ee 1.6 70 06 2926 bed 14.4 med 27.05 -——- 1.4 09.6 o9e8 $1.6 12.8 4.5 27.00 2.45 Od LO e . L.4 U9 69 £925 (1.06 Lle.4 £5 oe -—— a Let 70.6 69.5 f£1.6 1..5 2.5 ---- --= a 1.4 70.4 o9e6 e£leb 1Let.8 8.5 ---- — (2 1.4 70.6 £9e6 wle6 Le.SB 2.5 -<=— — é 1.4 70,8 2906 H1.7 1Le.9 2.5 ---- --= e 1.5 70.7 9.5 81.7 1.9 8.5 5.50 --- wurn omen. 9 Co _ «nq de ay nye ent, 1.5 wvrn o-en. ~ =A - +. Se Le tnt ea nlean as Yr ey S.re CA Gitveve sti lL manoueter, lS.c2 J 2unmnin= tory of Cerbrreter “eswt. riervel - jiocel i. ~ : Pent so 1 “ha. ‘ e ir. Fo 0 Clin Run Throt- Orifice nis Pres tle sure 5 i a © I OFC? .. 19M OO Qws a © . . ™. “ .- vr ~, a m7, . Velve Vac. Trop & feoor vex - m” TV? ~ * rt a2 rs 7 es -a) a. of Te 5 4. Ocven- Pres- Tew. Uimu Carne &2% tle Ucee C= 5: ce myo an (1 -. ety 384 : “Tian ot Pens 4 te 1:17 e EUTLTE ¢ eee VPCGae ote are e wot CL. OO: 7 ™~ m~ - EL e Gee) ross “rozs © C2 ba 11 o 0.8 10 of MO es 6 LG 14. WE EO OU1TE Q 0.8 69.9 2926 oo 0% 15.9 ed -— ~ O.: @tes Cy cO @ p> om & e © eS e qn DeD Red ---- --- 4. Owe bev — =p amp oo = = ap eo?) © e cn = q e esq ay) " O ® CA Hf un e 8 4. on 68.8 2905 £0.7 16.0 2.5 ---- --- G5 l 4: Oe: 68.8 £9266 (0.7 16.6 5 oe --- a 4: Oe 68.8 e965 20.7 16.2 2.5 19.10 --- a, - . e . ~e o ™ ~ 04 -- ~ an) ~ abe Sunnins Log of Cerbvuret:-r “csts. ’ =e * % ” cnith - i.ocel Lb ™ ry aas .78 essa te T)- cn or yaya tr. me te avn Unrot- Orivtice “cnl: Crese Tes. Tenn. VoCe ont. re tle ere .1if f in Ox T 7 “ye. ~ a. ~“rn.. 7 + a Ll Velve Vee. Prop at Tooor Sere “ve - - Jean wr. a Leen rryt e Nees a. 2 er A“ Osen=- Pree- elo. Weru Cerbe 20 Sle Ucea 1 a 7, I~ 7 ~ iX,- : wana a “ Neon te iice. SULPe. 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