| It wi 102 626 yl f FEEDING FINISHED STEERS Thesis for the Degree of B. §, PV ivit lt OMe lels (rt ar Ta) 1900 in i a OOS Tnesis O11 Feeding Finished Steers. By A. G. Rodourién. ieee, Michigan Agricultural Cellege, 1900, 059 Thesis On Feeding Finished Steers. This t'esis is the result of 12 weeks trial made by me during the winter term of 1900. Unfortunately, the time devoted for sueh an exe periment as this was verv short. Therefore, perhaps, the results ob- tained from it mav be doubted, and would not be considered as valuable as they would have been octiervwise, However, wiat is herein stated is accurate and true to the best of my knowledge and helief. I confess frankly that I did learn mich from this trial than I did during four years of my college course in the Agricultural classroom, as far as the feedin, is concerned. Respectfully Submi ited A. G,. Bodourian. Note,- The author will he ¢,lad to answer any question, at any time, in regard of any point found in this thesis. A. G.B of 4 wy os v° i & -.°°* ay a oo” o ry Cf ~ —_— ae oo £f \ + a® ‘ ‘ . @ @ o ‘ «+ { a ' . e é ae Pd 4 oe ' cf * > % 7 History and Ot:ject in View. During the latter part of the fall term 1899 the Spperintendent of Michigan Agricultural Colleye Farn - Herbert W, Hurfordé, bought from Smit’ and Wiggins, of Corning, Mich, some steers that were prize wimers at State Fair at Grand Rapids In September of 1899, The prime objeet of hia purchase, as reported in the M. A. C. Record, was to show to students especially to Short Yourse what a finished steer leoks like, Also, if possible, to carry some further experiment with them in tie line of feeding. At the time of their arrival on tie Cellece grounds their condition was very striking, so there was some doubt whether anything could be done with the steers; hut after several eonsultations with Professor Muiford I decided to take my thesis work experimenting in"feeding finished steers," in order to convince rvself, if not others, with an object lesson so easily obtained, hew much could be done, wider ordinary conditions, with the steers that were already in good marketable conditio:. With thia idea I chose from the lot the two --hich were hetter than any of the others namely, Pec and Senator, nearly of the sane size and age, and apparently one a good feeder, the other bad, Aecord- ing to Mr, Smith's letter, Pec dropped on December 25th, *97 fron a pure bred Anjpus and high grade Shorthorn cow, and Senator on Necenber lat, *97 from a pure bred An,us. For a proper comparison, ‘‘e added a heifer Baroness‘s Girl, which was dropped on December 22, *97, from a pure bred Angus eow and Roval Mvsie. Baroness's Girl was in a& poor condition, but was a food feeder. J‘ ¢ = é ‘ eo ».-! \. we . @. a “ a & ¢ » e t . ve 4 “4 4 tad i i @. ( 7 i « 4. . * & . t- . i} 6 —~, a a C 6 2! . . b f- + - i I gC voy . ,_ 4 at ¢ *® - +. SS . » . e , 4. * 3 eyo rice. $ nu * t-4 +- . oN . 3 ws" ” . s at -- ~ o'~ t £ ~4 rt © ‘ @ ™ 1 ° » ~ ‘ ° - 4a - & ? ry Py , a 4 i ‘ »” 2 ae e « ' ° a ‘ \ 1 . ‘ 4 ’ ® a e e a a ‘ oo . - ~ . . . “ 4 e es cd oo . a oo mk — wd f e _- to —~ , @ a “a -. C: a . . ” -* ¢ 8 of t¢ a a + a. coe 4 . 7, , - * ‘. am . 1 » « ‘ . « ae oe - . a e Ge . - « a ” o. ' r » . !,. ’ ‘ a * . ‘ te rn ‘ ue + * ~”~ . - ~ . ‘ . ‘ a | . f -- beet e oe ae ad wet te ‘ 79 1 a. o-e oe. Environment. Te barn where we fed our animals, though better than te averace farmers provide, was not, entirely satisfactory for such a purpose, One ef the most disayreeable features, according to m judgment, was the fact that three of the pens in the barn were occupied by pics, whose noise and odor are not agreeable to such sensitive aniials as cattle. he season, as it was noted hy nearly all the stock feeders in the state was not favorable, especially in our locality. ‘owever, the su ply of food and help for the accorplishnent of our experiment was satisfactory in all respects. General Care of the Steers. Animals were fed three times a day revularly. Te amount ef food varied each day according; to the climatic conditions and the appetite of the animal. The Schedule of meals was a follows,- — en pnp Catia ain ste en in a iat atti ae a — a — Morning 6 a. me Noon 12:30 p. ine Evening 4 pe Me inn oe ee ee ee a a a uti aie ian Cut Clover Hay, Mixed Grain, Sugar Beets Same as in the Sugar Bests, alone morning: e Tle cattle were watered twice a day. In the morning hefore or after meals ané at noon Lefore feeding. Rock salt was kept in the mangers at all times. Stahlies were kept clean and the animals were earefuily groomed. A elose attention was civen to the condition of the animals, and a kindly attitude toward them was at all. times main-~ tained. A abit to which the feeder attributes lergelyvy his success . s so s 7h let ‘) a * eo - ~ ‘> soe a . . a a a . @s . ¢ e ’ @ . ° “49 o, * rc. ta. ’ -— my; . . fe. ~ ad g we. * ©. ’ > -:. . . NR be a - 5 ~~ rk > + we .) ve mes ‘ ind foe ‘ a”. ere & 3 -——— ~~ “ete ee = - a eR Oe. ee ee =. Hee an) * * + \ . e , ‘ . + een . eo “” i--4 =o. = ° . e : » . . ° . - .. - °. ew 0, . ‘ , . . . 1 . € . t g . ao + ty . ey). > , -” a . Ld a ; . ¢ a r. . 0% ‘ c . - : ‘ “ ¢ , ‘ ~ :) f wt . ’ i . Cf e.., ws - » , —— - . - ° -- ~ 2 - $ . te . . e » ‘ ‘ t . ° ‘ . mo, , » *, +}; tooo, VM a . a ¢, € a 3 we 4 ‘ e Yoo. 799 ' ‘ 2 u ‘ ‘ +4 - ww a * ° . ‘ + @ + e -: - 4 . ss ee wwf 1 . t . ’ , , ° a , . (fal, ft 2 OK ° ° a , . , . sc@e , ga + ~ . . . ' - ¢ - s a .?¢ “ . - - -* ~ = ©. a2 -e 2 © “ee lle - - «- ~~ -*+ =e - + © 2# © @ . . * . o : . ¢ , e e ° e e w = eo - - =e = * - . = « ~_ = - - 7s «© wo 2 @ a - ~ 9% tw rd 9 a . Banaras) s . . - 4s -- * . 4 . — -_— & - “°¢ - + ‘ e . ’ *? ’ _--—_—=- elle OetmlmlmUelUll OD - a « ~ . - » 8 a . tf. - sa r ° j . \ \ . é 9 7 - + ‘ 4 ry SR byt hy tS. r aoe me he : a e > + - . ° . col @ ° wae >! ‘ + as “£. " ge . a“ to + ‘ : poo, ; Hh 4 FS ¢ ee: .. * - ar’ ¢ . . i . ° ‘ 4 . y a ’ ' , ‘> ~ iy ,o8 . ° } U - 4 we 7 ~- e 3 r : ° ‘2 e Feoiu . , e a. few dae o@ © ee. Oe os 7. oO 8 2 ee DD Oe ee OO O28 OD So OD OS eee if any at all. The mangers were cleaned thorougiiy every morning before feeding, and the residue was kept in separate boxes for each steer. The waste material thus obtained was weizvhed and used for sone Other pur ese, On the whole, I might sey, the care wes not extraordinary, be- cause the idea was to maxe it suc!: that every stocx feeder card adopt without difficulty or expense, Rations Used in Our Trial. The folloving are the three different combinations of grains used in three successive periods of our trial,- The first is rather o- continuation to that of Mr, Smith's. ‘The second is the richest of any, and the third is the most economical. | Mixture ‘No. 1 for the lst four weexs, anti atin iin —~ — ee B y Weight 9° 1/2 corn Meal 1/8 Oat Meal. 1/4 "heat “ran 1/8 Oil Meal By Weights- 3/8 Corn Meal 3/8 “heat Bran 1/4 O11 Meal - ni ee ee ed oe . f eo vy . . oe « - ~ a) e ~ ae -¢ . \ ° ' a ‘ es ~ . eos - oN . : 77 ‘ 6 ‘ . 4 a _— eo @& ee eo J . d sae. : ’ - -?% » +e £ .&. >. = roo Oe cen ew eo fe, “@ bose ' ‘ Lolo} 4 Coan wa bd reco &; , eet By . eS ( "ee a fy. - ~ o. * a 8 ) rs ne © a 5 . td e =n ad ° - @ | ™ woo ‘9 i my ‘ tro? ps v4 - wba g * +s % a - £ ote v wal - a » o a - ~ 4 * . ‘ 3 > Bee gt . é ; Le . a ~~ 8 © Fo La .- 7 . 7 F . . ° ‘ $ . . \ . a e . * = > a . e . : . . . . . i ~ . ~ ‘ . ‘ a yA e 2 ' ae ' ' ° ' , ‘ rs a ’ + -—@e + « ® . : . aoe ee @.::? ee rr ey om © @©® © = & & © @w-aD . : . oa e . e-em lm lf + ~ eH mt ~~ eR mee erm Om ee eee - o e = @ 1 et” - . t ° - ee ww tel a . - « et « . . ace ~ . , - . ‘ : e yt re * ~ . ' . yok x Ne 5 - ~ eo . . : ‘ \ { to. — . ow - . +> ~ ee ee — Ol me lw! He ee le —~- &-— & oe me we ee -- ew ee ee 8B & ee © ee = © © Eee - - - -. . _ £ b as a eo: » aa’ . eee: a - - “ ‘ , ~% @ . . . “ ee aa a By Welpnt 9* a Mixture No. S for the “rd four weeks, + Corn Heal +. Wheat Bran Feeding Stuffs and Percentase of Their Digestibility. Tre following table shows the average coefficents of digestibi- lity ef the respective feeding stuffs vsed in our experinente Seientifie feeders have wsed 011 Meal very extensively in erder to halance their ration. But it was entirely omitted in the third period of our trial, in order to reduce te economic value ef the ration, Peeding Stuff tert a Corn ileal Wheat Bran Oil Meal Oat Meal Clover Hay Sugar Beet Table I. Percentage Digestibility | - ee = ee Dry matter Protein Carbo-Hydrate Ether extract 89.1 88,5 91,8 ee 84,7 13,5 66.7 40.1 40—00 DA od 35.8 10.2 4.3 304 11. 39 1.7 O.1 — ee DD ee DO Keele eee ere lel el er et lll elle lUCOl ee ee eee 8 Ole eee OO oe ee DD Ss SO + ee ees \ : i. > ' ee i a . pe oe e | fae et “{ L' we . a ‘ > e'! Sr g pre ° 7 - oe ee lee One|! erm ewl el elle eee lemme el el ese et eemlmletlClC OCW Tele eee eel ele ee eweleelhlUCeOlUlUCUCOUCUCOUlClCOll OO ell eel elle le eel! lO hl OlCOe RB elcelelUwer lll lee Eee _> —- ¢ 4 ‘ & + - a oo —- 8. —wseee @ ~@ a aeeeweeem well ~ - - -_ - - - . * = . - - . - - - - ——— - + a P-- ann bengie—aD 9 ape—anee ae ts 2 = ° e ‘ . ” . . * ‘¢ * e soe ‘ ae 7. © » 2 a » - - _— - - b c - ia rq = 4 > . A : e . ~ oY - ° - - " - . . - ' . e @ ° " poe a "FT + - eu (3 4 4 ” ce y bd r r i 7 ¢ - 4 ° . 4 > 9 er” * 4 - - ~ ~ ~ ee + vr. ow + w . s 2 . _ . . . ‘ ~ . o j ff Ge t ” < « aw ote bt ow bh’ ’ « iM @ . ' ' ‘ ra . * ‘ 6 ene. ~R—=D — > = na . ~*? ~ + w= .! &e ——a @& @ .2e a ee om eee “ . — . . = -_ - - - - = so - . - e - ~ - ov - . - < aor a? ae 4 - - #eyo.: a 4 @o4, \ . _ e \ ew F Qe ee le ! - « - —eEibet «am sate A GD . ae -ae ~ -— =: —_— ~— = — ©: @ ae © « 4 - ~ - . ~. ~ - # - -+ ow ey - « - ~ o oe - see ~~ _ -_ 2 ~ a oe @& ees @ -=> ete] - . = * - -_ 7+ r - 4a . * ' * im” i”) ‘@ e e ~- 6 — - aid! 4 on" a @ , 4 e ~ @ ‘ 3 + % 7a -? |) Se mmm eee ee - —_——_— oe Oe eee Pelee ee ee ee ee eee ee ae ee eee Table II. Trial Ration(first period) for “Peck, weighing 1220It3. cate antler iin a en a ee a ite a Digestible Nutrinent. a Feeding Stuff. bse Te Me in a stan in, sti sine Ne prot. Ce Fe eth. ext. Ratio. Mixture No. l. §.6 2,45 ,217 1.85 118 & 063 .07 ed 04 Clover Hay oe) 063 .17 029 207 & 1.21 .17 o 55 0046 Sugar Beet 50. $.8l1 23 1.61 076 4,05 .33 5.06 203 We. Le “Standard O06. Ae 15. 250 136,85 This table shows that Peck consuned 40# of feeding stuff a da:’. fhe ration far helow the standard vet fave average daily gain of 2.148, —~—D =e BS 2 @B @ owe ww O52 w = -BP 2 SB @= D2 FF DB wo wD - see ym 8 ee es ewe eel; - —-. @ . o ° ‘ ‘ -« te oe. 6 <—— as ie ie ee wwe oso 7 2 @ Ow lowe ieee ee awe 4a . wk 4 = . et . ee "Y L - 4 | ’ , 1 ve - wwe -— | me, ee er ee a OD oe wee - \ 7 * r 7 EN t,. he Vf aT - ‘ t "> ~8- Table Iil. Trial Ration(second period)for Peck, weighin:s; 12804, Nutrient Disestible, Feeding Stuff. ibs. Ve lie . Ie Prote . C. H. eth.ext. Ratio Mixture No 2, 4.5 1,49 13 ©) 61.12 .07 & 1.43 ood 067 205 Clover Hay a, 1.04 09 ~49 ~12 & 368 eo? 1,43 06 Sugar Beet 45, 6.07 ~49 4,59 0h4 13,41 1.39 6.35 ead os —_— Nuring this period Peck conswned per day 4.%:! of crain, 4# of hay and 45# of suger beets. This ration is richer than the first, but in eth. ext. However the averaze daily vain during this veriod was 1,428, ee a «~~ | oom i-t Sd - =" = - v3 ee id . s oreo =~ @ oo ao Table IV, Trial Ration(third period)for Peck, veighing 13202, Dicestible Nutriment. Feedin,; Stuff. ibs. Dit. _ _— Ie prot. C. H. ef’ .ext. Ratio Mixture No, 3 5 Pe OP 19 1.66 ol & 21S oe 1. 08 Clover Hav De 4.23 ed 1.79 08 & 4.07 249 4,59 004 Sugar Beet Ade __ __ 14.685 1,34 9,04 0d This thir’? ration comparatively is the richest of tie three, Vet during this period t):e animal weighed more than before, The average @aily cain was 1.784. Jers than the first by Tt is higher than the second by .36@, and "8 dh, eVI elias? e2OVFL anbkigker gXoed tot(hokreg bukA3)xotsad Lair? eftteecRttilt efslre tT a de ein etiste ynthast a: Ott ofxBe ‘SS ot 29 of Ott : ; f FA_f QT, qn 4 ae B ,om% em sxht Ble os oC a chat ° e : 4 POs evi£ Pe ns " 9@ “.7t sevold by Cn Ca» TOV" . 3 es Fook ws yh --- +o == oO ee ee fe +049 RTeE | GT eh . =e — - —— = . ae 7 o a’ * 10 ,e0ndt © To Santee GA at qlovktempws mokem Mubdy abt ojrtevA OFT .eTOTEd MMT? oFON Dertgtow Lashes © Bobreq ekdt grew hc ily, Wi Bamonn et matt sedght at # BAAS tite city aon “ao Oe tee oe cae war oh en en ~l]0Q-<- Tarle v, Trial Ration(first peried)for Senator, weighing 13087, Nigestible Nutriment. Feeding Stuff. ids. Ne Me - a prot. Ce lle eth.ext. Ratio Corn Meal 22075 8602.45 oA17 1.83 ~118 O11 Meal e867 of 007 05 04 Oat real 687 063 17 029 207 VYheat Bran 12075 1,71 17 055 0046 Clover Hav 5. 4.02 oaP 1,9 ~08 Surcar Beet 306 4,05 08 3.06 203 12, 99 L277 7277 eort4 We Tse Se 50.0 208 Del Pale) ~136,8 The above gable shows t::e first ration for the first period. It falls rch helow the standard. Yet Senator, during this period, has shown 2.28# dail: cain. ° aoa: « - * z > e * . - . : . e 7 a, : > - ? rt - , . 4 +'3 4 Wa, wry Pr 4 (+, 5 "“*¥ae eset + \ 3 poe f + *¢ 6 . = 3 — ¢ . + * - ~ ‘ xv 3 ~~ , . ey . ea - ° - - a; Oo oe ae O8 oe ele - >-— /- « « - ~ - “ - - - ° ~~ mee ewe ew ow =e oe fe lem eo etl TTP 2 ww SB @& ww. -02-oe =ew eS oo <=» . - a - * s ay m4 re * . @ ‘ * e , yo be ‘ ieee ™~ prrooe wo oz - ~ *. - - - - . - = = = - 7 . - - > ” - + e ) . = . - ‘ : . +. oe [ e e e ® . > eee ee - - - . - - 7 - 7 - . ~ - - - india - -_-_ - -_-- _-— oe a e e e e . 4 1 r ~~. es & ( 1 ( e @ @ 2 e | * 1" 5 . r a “ ' 4 ® es e a e -.; r . oy a th ee - * ‘ * { . @ ce e e ‘ 6 e e : * ~ - - soe a se > 8 mea & © 2 2 = @ eee Table VI. Trial Ratien(second period)for Senator, weiching 1372% Feeding Stuff lbs. Me ae - oo a - 7 - oe Ne prot. CG e Ke eth.@xte Ratio Corn Meal 1.875 1,47 14 1.259 08 Wheat Bran 1.875 1.65 ,24 275 ,08 011 ifeal 1.25 1.14 eo 24 13 Clever Har Aw? 7299 032 1.70 08 Sugar Beet 4?. 9.67 46 4.28 04 14.12 1.48 8,52 29 Te Le “Se 40. 25 15. 250 1:4, ‘ { * ° ? ee - o 2 ” » 6 7 ' e . . ® - f s - - e , -_ 7 ws t ’ ” Ad . . * ~ a e e a . ’ o. ? _ -_ = - oe eo oe ee &e eS @& @ © @ & ~—eD - . — —_ . . _ . . . . ? of «4 o . * 7 7 4 “yt ron ve 2° »* Table VII, Trial Ration(third period)for Senator, weig!:ing, 141224, Nigestible tlutriment. Feading Stuff. bs. Ye MMe __ __ _ Ne. prot. C, re eth.axte natio Corn Heal 22625 2,33 02 1.75 ell Wheat Bran 205259 Paid 030 1,05 008 Clover llay 920 a 44 35 1,57 608 Sugar Beet 42. 5,47 044 4,28 04 14.76 1,74 9,47 ool WT. lee “e oe 30. P05 15. 450 1:6.5 bs —— ——_— ae — i>.

ce mo » ce @ & vos - o- re 4 _ ~ r . o os ese -~ oF ee WE -1%- Table VIII. Trial Ration(first rerio’) for Saroness's Girl,weighing 1042:%, Nivestiole utrinent. Feading Stuff. sb3. Ne tte _. rot. Oe ve eth.aexte Ratto Corn Heal 305 Zee A ed 015 Wheat Bran 1.75 1.54 eA 7 05 Oil Meal 0875 .8 er 057 009 Oat Meal e875 .8 ol 45 009 Clover lay Ae 5. 4 2.14 ol Sugar Beet 30 « 4.05 eD0d 9606 005 15.30 1.54 9.05 047 Ve lee S, 30.0 De 15. 25 1:46.25 This ration falls below the standard verv neavily,. It is defi- eient in all constituents. However the ’, le Standard ia a ration for the rapid fattening of a steer weipning, 10004(first period) vet. our trial shows positively that the avera;ye dvily ,;ain of Baroness's Girl was 2.78"(during this period). { c, @ .. - yes 3 Tye es . a oo , of 8 { - . . ° f e . . . * ss ,* J ° --* . re wa : €-- a, , , . a ~ e . ae - >, | -_ = — - «ewe Oe & we & © &@ & © =| = = « Smee : em eo 2 fc 7 me Oy _* Ff ad . . ‘ot Cc, e @ , ®@ . a . - & = - « ~ “ef ef we ew e@ e& + - “ - . . - - oo eo . - 4 . a - ~~ — wae e @ @ @e2 B@ ww @& BSB -— & © © B@ = we we © me Be ~~ —-— ~ 26 es - ww - - ss = =p = ae e8e - we = = 8 FF SS ee: Ge . , . ¢ - e . c . 6 @ ® s - . @ Au . s ’ ® s e e e ~ ! - . ~ ! . * . - 8 e es ¢ e - -! ’ ! , ; e eS _ . . es . A . ° fo. ® -- @ e 9 e 8s e - . ~ a “oy & . | . . . @ ® 6 e a . a . . s nz 2 -_- 2 = — 29 = - - «+ - . o —~ @4 » -: - ome wie ° - eo: ‘ - e ° e e - . . aoe eo | OS Oe ee @ @ | - He Sl - td . : oa - - - - ef «@ i on ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee | . f - . . : 2 oocra 4 . » : o 3g a fF’. 14 “Ff , . +oe of . a xe : e . . - ~° wv4 > i 4 r “a + s e nr ~~ a) % Yable IX, Trial Ration(second period) for Baroness Cirl,weitching: 1120@. a . a>. ie ttt nee tk amemnatl o> This- second ration also falls helow the standard, being 14.15% D. He 9 rot. 6.44 0. 3. .95 eth. ext. It is slightly rieher in digestible matter, prot. etn. ext., hut lacks inc. ''. yet the aver- ace daily vain for this period is 2.35#, -— ae Sd - - => - _— -_- = o-- | = @ - ~~ -~— ae mame - - o - - . o . + ve ~~ - f v* . - - - 8 e,. - e FF ® e o~ = @ aw @ @ @ «= + ~ = yt - r . r . od . e - ° « e 7 oe; - ¢€ * e - e ‘ . _ & ¢. « 4 - 5 ‘ * e t ’ + - —— ny ~- > - - - -~ - . . s ° - - - - - - e 6 + ® e . a a - - e - - - - ary . . a. 7. . . “¢ + ‘sf? . ° ~ s e v 7 - ~ -~ e - -~ - ~ co o- - e e e . - ~ _ + = + wow e@ - » e . s e e e eo e e ® -—- ee « . ed ‘ ~ e e , e ® - . - oe we eek e e ® ® e 9 e . . e e -_——T- ef © @ @ @ ef & = @&-@& = -—5s»> . ~ ef «© -~- = we ee eo © 6 & & &© & & @ ww ow 1 . + r ° oe #6 - ees . as . a , +@ e ‘ * ¢ . - er - @ e e - ee ‘ 4 - } s - . . ote. e ‘ q « . ’ « e@ e , e r 7? ‘ . L , e . > ~®&@ - oe e @'. ¢@ -— - =~ = _-_ ss ef wf @& os © & @ © © © Goa Talle x e Trial Ration(third period)for Baroness's Girl,weiching 1186:", DI gestible Nutrinent. Feeding Stuff. Lbs. De fle _ ale Prot. Ce re eth.exte Ratio Corn “leal Be fell 27 24% 615 Wheat Bran 4H 3.09 045 1.4 ol Clover "ay A. 5. .4 2.14 ol Sugar Beet 39. 5.786 42 3,97 ~O1 16.46 Leo 9.84 TS We Le Se 30,0 2.5 15. 250 1:6,5 re dine ee ape een en -— = = ee coe --oeee © - ° Sr Ne en, . + ‘ *.,y as 1, L a a ed ese ao, ® « an @ + . - ed to 1» | a. ! i - > - ° ~~? . . a ‘ ec es * ‘ 4 4 a e @t-+ - = eo - + & = ~ r . ’ ° ' ‘ . - 2 . a) toe --: ~ “ . - « . ® . ° . ° +. s . a e ’ 6 a -- e ° a , . 7. ’ * a. ~~ er 8 a) Table xI. Mean Rations. Table showing the itean Rations of each animal for each period, an’ for the whole time, eee. -O--a

-e®D. -O- @ ewe @ DD “ED ll —— a ap — ai —_— a <—_ ee Rat- yper- Nane ion. tod. Nelte oe - oo _ pein ethe per Trote Celie exte dav. Noel. 1st. 12.78 1.257 7.69 208 2e14 Peck NOe%e Onde 13.41 1.%9 8.3 024 1,42 Oede Orde 14.465 1,74 9.04 oD 1.78 Average. ISS8l “Tres aaa a o.l. lst. 12.99 1.277 7.77 oa74 2e28 Senator WO. tie 14,12 1,48 8.52 239 1242 0.3. ord. 14.76 1,74 9,47 ook 2092 Averace “13,95 636 #4 6.65 ~ 35" ~BZ.ST TOeL. lst 15.530 1.54 9.05 047 2278 RBaroness's Girl No.2. 2nd. 15.85 1.60 8.46 45 2.25 NOe» Orde 16.46 1,54 9,84 038 35 Averace “T5857 Toss TIS ~— as- ~“BTaa This tahle shows the averaj-e ration of each animel for the whole period, 4 D cs wd sor ty RF . rege gy e : ' ~ . . ‘ ‘ 7. ° ’ * \ c 4 4 . ‘ - L me, ‘ . . . ¢ ‘ ew . oe i ~- wens @» @ @ @& @ @ @ «= - o = - ~- - - ~ - - - ~ - - - - - - . - - - - a~ - - = - - - . - - - =- - ~ . ry o ~~ @ e es - - - a - e - —- ae « - e . e ae o-_ - . . - e e e ° » 7! ‘ - -y- es oom em worwe - - - - - - + « - . a , . ow ty ¢ * ‘ a7 i wy + . “ a ee. . e & 6 ” - == 2-= © oe 8 @ @&e F&F © @ FP @ = =- = © + = @ Bw BB + + -— = «= e« ee oe - @ * ec ef - @ + © - - e@«= & ee se + Go ee an Go @ @ @& - ~_ & «= @ ©: Gees f nm ¢ se © . Il . . @ 7 ° o ‘ -°@ °@ e eb ° - o - ° 6 fy q ee . ¢ . ° " r rots ‘ ®-- 6 e e e e e e wee ti. w® [ ?e . r + e e e e e e e ® 8 -~ eo ~~ a= eo @ # © « o- ww ee. - + - - : ~ _ . -” . e i “. " ar oe r 8 e e e . ’ , b et “my on e weir . ‘ ' ~ - '" 9 . * @ e e@ - ea - ¢e e - e rye wt ase t r - , : aa - “1 . ‘ s, . . ¢€ . ef , @ e « e e e a vss 2 aa on [7 - - . @ a: e e . e e @ 2 e Ay oOo @ = - + weve - - ~ \ - : & oe . r & it@ere . ® ® e : e 4 . oe ly ‘ * am) . —_ ~ - — - - oo ~ _ . vj. : , e ® e e..: e “ @--«6 - 4 m m™ « ou ¢ e cd » = - e ‘ ~ 7 wr e "5 t c - . r 1 “@ . t e 4 e ; 4, e ~ t e le e , e e a g, c wy } .! 3 ; _~ oe e@ 8 » e oc. » e * . e en ° , ’ a” . f ‘ : so e , e e . e¢ = @ . @ . ~ ® ’ @ - - yore ~- ee - o> --7- me Fe he ler om oe -. + - om 4 ~ e& «_ —-~e 4 ad - Ie 7 ‘ ‘ . ' @a © s . e e 9 . 6 = “ eo ~ _ -— ee woeererk eet js ee@®e#e#®.e eae oe @ 8®- es &® « am» - = @eeeeeeeeeweee#se#e @& =—_- @ @ =. oe ®@® e® ew e¢© ee @2@ © &@ @©& @ & & @ we © &S © © GaEEw -17- Table XII, Mean Ration for the whole period of the animals. Table showin;; the average Mean Ration for the whole period, Av. whole Dicestible "utriment. Rat- Names ion. period Mm, ". __ _..... for eth, Daily tne rrot CH. eXte gain. “hole period. j2 w's. lbs. Peck " " 13.614 1,324 a8 .rdt 34# 1.78# Senator n " 13.95 1.36 8.42 035 221 Baroness's Girl " " 15.87 1.56 9.15 ~42 ?.. 88 Averace 14.47 1,41 8.7 miawiibetw«a? «bh. 2-—@ <—@ -6)- ah «4. @e-O-* -D wm a ? t ® a 1? «4 ~ on eee @ & r * om ‘ . . v yo ete ee @® @ ¢ @ 2 @& -@. ees e&e 2 =e & oe . ‘ fe 4 ! 4 . > 2. e oF - . i * \ “Dow m ~ m+ a €. , a ’ e -~ @& « ee ee em ee -e7 , a fo" ‘ 4 ° , r oe ‘ . i oy hy. + a e . Variation in individual veiprnt while feeding. Table “TII. oy JC@ Results of Trial. “eekly weircnt of steer durin: 12 weeks trial-A. G@. B. a. aie a>. aati a Wt oF — Wt of cain steer cain “tt of cain eteer or Sena- or BR. irl or Peck loss tor loss heifer loss iL, 13. ib3, ibs. ibs. 1b. Dec. 2nd--- 1220 -- 1308 --- 1042 ee " 9th--- 1244 24 L342 4, LO74 3A. * 16th--- 1260 1% 1352 10 1098 24 ew ASYrd--- 1260 -- 1350 p, 1100 ?, " 30 --- 1280 2.0 1972 DP, 3.120 20 Gain per week 40 64 78 Jan. 6-'00. 1292 12 1390 18 1134 14 « 13--- L282 10 1390 -- 1134 -< e 20--- 1296 14 1404 14 1162 2.8 e RT -<- 1320 24 1412 8 1186 24 per week 40 40 66 Fede da-- 1334 16 L438 24 1206 20 " 10--- 1346 10 1450 14 1218 12 we 17--- 1350 4 1474 24 1250 3D ew 24--- 1370 7.0 1494 20 1284 34 per week a0 B2 98 —_—> eS f=: &- 2& @® ef ee & - - aa = 7 tg , ‘ ‘ fa ” — ° —_— & OG. @ - eee - f-& «+ = e¢ 6 wo. og 1 - 7,0. ‘ s * - — em em -~ “= -_ &s: @®@ © 8 @& &-@> @reelmpeee & @- «+ & ‘ . me ° Sa ¢ = . ~ ae : - e ble | e''~ _ ve wow £ oe Ge a ‘ me = - The above table shows that Peck rained the most during the first four weeks, which is about 604%. But he falls to 40# during the second, and he raised to 50:7 during the third period. Sowever the weights taken in each week were not s0 variable. On the other hand Senator shows te best cain during the third period, “hich 18,824, ha falls to 402 during the second period iust as Peck did, and, he gives 648% cain during the first period. Senator shows more weexly varaitions than Peck, the hishest gain bein: 24:" and the lowest 22*¢ Baroness's Girl shows the greatest gein durin; the third period, however, she fells to 66# during t’.e second period, Now we observe that all of the animals show t'.e least gain during the second period. Ry the way, I call your attention to the faet that tne first and ti.e last weights were ta’en after the animals were fed and wetered. This is a great mistake, though if does not effeet the rate of gain for the whole period. The rate of cain of steers during their early -20- Table XI‘, t':at of ours, Av. Av. Av. Oe : AV. ENVe Ave NOe gain gain gain of NOe gain gain cain per= of per per rer per- of per per rer lod. dayvs.head eek. lay’. tod. dase head. weexe aye -for- Peck Senator 1 78 22.14 45.6 8 1 28 45.08 11.287 1.61 2 " 64.04 1%.51 1.95 2 " 76.72 19,18 2674 3 n= = «44,8 13.2 1.4 3 i" 44.8 11.2 1.4 4 wo SLB 7.84 1,12 4 " 45.08 11,27 1.62 5 " 4,48 1.12 016 5 " 18.48 4.62 466 6 " 67.48 16.87 2,41 6 " SLe36 78411? 7 ” 76672 19,18 oe tA 7 " T6272 19,18 ae 74 8 " 01.06 7.84 1.12 £8 " 26.88 A,72 96 9 e 85.88 21.42 3.06 9 " o4,44 6.61 1.23 45.98 11,49 1,64 44,39 11,09 L258 a a period compared with Averages of both. ino ~ciiincei This table shows tat during 9 Tour weeks periods Peck made the best gain during the 9th period, which is 8.684% for four weeks, 21,42# per week and 5.06 per days The lowest cain !:e made was 5.6 per Wapk and ,84 per day which was during the first period. - ee wes = @ e= f# ee FT Fre = | - Laan “+ - -_ «- ” - - - - . q - @e.- - oC ~— = * c] 7 ® - 4 - e e a ae e tr e @ ~ ' . abe . e ry ~ = -. ’ ‘ - @ ~ a ot) ° . e { — a e so = eo = = ~ . *- o- > 4 +} 3 - . 4 7”) -_ «+ e ° . ° i - ° ° “ - @ ee 8 v~ e ' acd - « « a ‘ - . e » ~ ~ - - - - - - - -@wPe 6a e 2 © . @ - - - a - -- f ® - ' r e i Ty e.- * o e a ° ww e - coo ¢e @ a . eee 9 ‘ ‘@ » 1 . 7% e - e - - * ~- ocUletlUmw CUO ‘ - e . o Ce e _-_ ~~ *= * 2 - - . ’ , ° - Lo. ‘. o> foe » re ° : tb, Ld . er - ‘ 2 ' s . e@ ¢ 8. . « e . ° . . ?* oo awe i, 2) Table Xv, Monthiy weig:.t taxen by Mr. Smith during the period of fattening. Cain Welent of Gain Weight of or steer or steer Peck loss Senator loss Date Sece Ist, 1898 TOF ---z" 740." ono Jan. lst, 1899 755 25 790 50 Pebe lst, " 815 60 G75 | O5 Mareh lst, "* 630 £5 920 45 April lst, *" 895 35 970 50 tay lst, * 890 9) S90 2.0 June lst, " 955 75 1025 35 July 1st, " 1050 B5 1110 Oh Auge Ist, * 1085 35 1140 | 40 Sept. ist, " 11.80 95 L180 40 The above table shows that tie hichest cain for Peck was 96¢ during the month of August, the lowest 25-4 while he was in proper condition for fattening, on the other hand Senator made the best vain during the menth of Januarv, being 854, the lowest is 20# during April. In comparin;, these results with the gains that they made during the short period of our trial, we found that they made better records in our hands. We do not doubt that they had good eare under Hr. smith. rowever, ve canmot help askin; te question , why is it that they cave better results when they were already finished than in poor condition? t__t ve ee vse et ee wm on. 4 aw "4 o . ae u. ° sn a w , ’ s ‘ ' ‘ a a ‘ as * 4 , 1 « e-.: ‘ a . ° \ e < Table XVI, The effect of are, breed and condition on rate of gain. Weight at com=- Gain Gain Gain menc- in 12 per per “ame of aninal,. Ace Breed Cond. ment. weeks. week. dav. Peck 705 davs Ah. Angus fair 12202 150# 12,858 1.78 senator 730 * " " well 1308 186 18.5 2.21 Raroness ‘s Girl 710 " Shorthorn poor 1042 PAB 20.16 2,88 Average The above table shows that the Shorthorn heifer made the best cain, perhaps most ly on account of her poor condition than the breed. The following table shovs tie sane thing , but in three suecessive four weexs periods. -_——" © = es = 2 Oe Re me ell elml ele - - . mm ~ - = eo 2 ee Pe Fe Peel el ell ele el wlll ell em « e * poo - . e ‘ - ‘ —~ ¢ . ene o a o- oer mem eee mes - -~ + - - oo - - - = - = mm eae aes a ee ee = « ’ - Br a ' ‘ om ene el ell ti—| a se . - : .- = = “ = © -— me mmm we me ami . a ee ee a ee ee + _ e- foses « > ' a roe ‘ & . ‘ ~ - # ~ € _— s . . . ; - - ‘ ’ + ey . - ° a . Pd a a -. £ ¢- : ~ ~ r . . . ee € cee . ‘ o¢ iprceee . . - - ‘ t / - moe . a Ye - @ 3 - . e . . » ” ¢ ’ Vere Oy Oo s ‘e - e 1A 5 te Table XYII. Comarison of the first and last perlodical gains. Length Av.gain Av. .ain AVe gain of yer rer per Name of aniral,. Period period 1-@aCe week, d&Y e Noe l 2B devs 60 15 2014. Peck TO. 2 " of 40 10 1.42 0. 3 " 8 50 12.5 @ 78 "0. l . 64 16 228 senator 106 2 » of 40 10 1.42 Oe 3 "oo" 82 20.5 292 “O02 l " 78 19,4 2-78 Raroness's Girl 109 2 "oo" 66 14,5 2235 0, 3 " 98 20.48 365 In eomparin; Table “VY. with Table “VII.we observe that the steers did show better results during the last part of their feeding period than the lst. This result seems to be so marked and contrary to those obtained by different experimentors,. —me ew ee = = ~ - ‘ 7 en . “. 4 . e oc -. a . 4 -_ - ‘ e@ - $ *, e °¢ e . ——a>- vee e Ld - ~ au ¢ . | ~ . "- , 8 . t Jf ‘ b ‘@ . - ‘ ' cd é ae’ é ‘ wa J mem eee —-——— ae oe wer +O OD ew -e - ew- ‘ a ef: - e ! >t 2 . - - ~ ~- - -_— es — @ oo # ow =! T= * es oe a” - =~.» - Pn am te: 1 - ony - ad e 2 . 4 ® % > . 2 - s ; . - 2 e m+ - & & =~ § 1 * 7 . ~ ’ ‘ ' a . s . V5 ~ 8 é ’ ‘ . e * 4 > om r €. ¢ ta t: . @ fe OB OG Ee. : ‘ cor ¢ - e $ ° S¢ ‘ ae a Pade Table XVII. B. Comparison of the effect of ace and condition on the rate of gain. WI't at Gain Gain begin- Total per per Name of animal. Ace ning. gain. week, dey. Peck Ab ,Angusy oung 730 4143.84 11,49 1,64 Senator 740 399.56 11,09 1.58 Average 735 406.7 11,29 1.41 Peck 705davs 1220 150 12.5 1.78 Senator 1308 186 15,5 2eel Average 12444 16s 14.2 1,99" eae -— The above table shows plainly that the average gain for both, dur- ing our trial was higher than that in their early periodj one being 1.99# per dav, and the other 1.61, “hy is it that we get such a good result as this? If it is true that they make hetter gain in the early period, why did they not in this experinent?? _ ‘ - r - Poa, ’ 4 —s bP ee ~~ - _-o = ® é @ » , #1 ! Ve . e eo a ¢ . 7 ‘ , . - . ° t ° + . ee *- . . J : 3 mr } eo ~ 2: « ae a s.- . e , — _. _ ~ ew - - - - ~ , " 1 1 e . . oe ee . e . 3¢ re -* ’ " a re . . . f ‘ e » > , e e + « v : . , . . x os . roa , 7h . . - , t . nw , . _ ewe OP 7-8 De De lf 7 oe hoe > S-ap— ae a «ap oo noe _ ~~ - - on wr “~ - “ee 7 : ‘ ~ . .f 2? 4 Por se =- oo <2 -~ —- 2 <« a &s ’ oo oo & » ° . { - 7 ~ wr, " " , « .- ® 4. . . 7 =. Bete a an Sey: Table “TIT e The amount of feed consumed for 1002 ; ain, and cost of the sane during each period aceording to three different rations, DP > ee ae apa “=e <> <> > —aiem —_? a —_ aie —_ Cain Cain fm't of in 28 per grain “ay Roots Cost Pation dars head for for for for &; per per 1004 100# LOO Lo0o# Tame reriod head day gain pein sain cain Peck 60: Ael4t 256.864 210.2 1400# “4,69 Senator "TO. 1 64 Lean 240.62 2138.75 1312.58 74,48 Baroness's “. 78 2.78 251.16 215.38 1076.91 $4.26 Average 67,39 2240 249,48 14.71 1263.13 %4,47 Peck 40. 1.42 315. 280. 3150, #760 Senator No. 2 40. 1.42 2506 33205 29-06 “7,82 Daroness's “, A6. 2.55 298.968 254.54 1654,54 45,48 Averaze 48.56 1,73 420.65 289.01 2581,51 “6,96 Peck 50 1.78 280. £80, 2520. “6.12 senator "TO. 3 B2 2292 179.26 179.26 1454.14 $3,469 Bareness's G. 98 365 200. 171.42 1114,28 %2,79 Averars@ 76.6 2073 21.9,.75 210.22 1689.47 $4.18 - “>> <-> pay 2 wb hap. OPP PEP EE De ee aD apo The above table shows that it took on an average of crain, 214.714, clover hay, and 1263,132 roots to make 100# gein live weignt, during the first period with the first ration, costing £4.47 per hundred, During the second period it took 320,854 crain, 289.014 hay and 2581,514 sugar beets, which cost 36.96 per hundred pounds: but that during the third period the anount of feed conswisd for 1N0# ¢ain was sy ct oe ° ~ a os vt . e “ ae e we. ‘ ° e - - « 4 , e . -@ e e o 8 e -— - = , e . - - o7 ™~1 ae -s~ @ ° e: - e oe, - a e- - @ ce + ‘ oe _@-.- e oo > t.@- rr ' t e* -—_ oe ee ®& mo lo qe ‘ e ese -—lUCc OohUmUlUM® - + ‘oe t: ° vr , . @ . $ 4 n-~ we Se © é oe a , - . ws ‘4 2e 8 40 . - a ~ . ss e . Ss 1 ® -_ - - _ s ® . @ s . - - . e . ¢ e e -“—we - - - ? : e - @ we i- poof! 7 , - } ey o o. - as 1 —_ . - ne . “a 7. oe ee - . . "@° m~ - e - = - ~ . _~ rad ~~ - & aay re oo . . ‘ ca aon cae Fa ae OT QF, -t & . _f id - ‘ “y y e% ~~ - 4 « . F e * ‘ . ’ * - - ~ - - . o * - - . - - ” - . - - - ~ -~ r r e » oe eo e o ca ~~ & -_> oe eo —-. a2 . ef 1 e . . ' te a . - - . « * ~ - » ~ - . . —-— -» @ - 2 @ @& ~- rs - ° -_ - ae . . - . ons e woe : r- + . t ¢ * e -- ee. } a , q cor Se ~ eS . e e le € e X « et . ‘ ° - - 8 - . - - ty f: 7 €. « ® - -. ! « . « \ . 8 9 wwe c %, om e. a . . . a . e.. e vo e- . awe 2 oe . a a me e ® e e, U \ a. . ‘ co: we ft es 5 er} 8 : e ‘ - * ° - coe, e . ° 7 -~ o; . . . e 6 ~ a ‘ on“ q > ? can’ s a ‘ e 1. . : _ - - . . - ~ = - n~ - - - - _ 7. é - ' « , a oy c.f? : s e , = &@— © © © © &©= BS @ = & = © we + - = me = oO © © F&F & & =e BB © e@ & © © & © & 8 ee eee - - ae = - : - & } ft ‘ » . + mf ® re . y . . . ‘ J ’ e a. / ot * ‘ oo. fs ¢e . . , . « * - ee ¢ v id (oe ‘ , "er . ‘ t; * enw f se. \ ‘“,. ? « ‘_.@9 * ‘ 7 i?’ ay e 3 } ~ . . ' . « ° - s . ‘ . ', etsy eo bP Og eboe Ju tmae 7 un ft. oe f t- . - ot » are . oe - 4 . ‘ . ’ . . a ‘ 74 ~ ° ‘( ~ -™ .* - & e e r uy . ¢ 1 ¢ \ re » . *. : . e 8 e : ‘ ‘ ’ ie , ye, 7 4 : . = . 4 a —_v . - . & “ - e 4 . e + o - - , \ c , ary ; ° : oo te “8 Sontinued. 219.758 prain, 210.224 hav and 1689,47:" sugar b-ets, thus making the average value of each 100# cain $4.18, Therefore we netice readily that the trial of the third period was the most economical, Averare cost for 10024! gain for each animal during whole period, The followinj; tahle shows that the average cost for 100# gain for three periods of three animals separately, was $6.15 for Peck, $5.33 for Senator, andS..146 for Baroness's Girl. ‘Ye notice tat Baroness's Girl ha@ the lowest cost and Peck stood the highest. The average cost ef each during tne whole period was 45.26 per 100:t whieh, eonsidering the unfavorable conditions is quite reasonable. Hence, it took enly $5.26¢ to produce one pound of flesh live weight. Cs, hy » re a Bee - o. Table XIX. Average cost for 100:% cain, live weignt, each animal, Name Pation Period Cost 100# Av. eost ‘ents. gain. 100# gain. i mal ancl> a — <> ee ee ED ee De a > - ee oui <_<. - >_> apni —p--aap a To. 1 1. on a -_— » Here also we see plainly that the third ration, though poorest of all, in the anowmt of digestible nutriments cave the most economical results, \ ’ : ’ . . - ' oe = ° . “ - + . ' ; e i~ a . . ry . o = ». & @- *, - 6 - yg ted g. . at t - 4 - - . ‘ . ro. Fy 4 —e - ee ss «© = © @ oe ww @ @ © © oe F&F &@ © we ewe = « ~ oe + @ @ © = e = & - ° = oe - © @ = « wo © 2» wP e oe wm ere wreeFerHkeieFeFeerTse @ @® @ ® ses. ——<« a Cy, « cr ‘ . @trar a e . &. ' . - » - clr —fohmhlUOlhlUhr Ol .lUM LUC OrOmhUhlCOPemhUhlhlC OrUlUhrmlUlUhcNLlUlOULUlUClUClCUCClOMOUlCl lO ed e , = 6+ « + @ &«- 2» @p oe oe wo @&e @o2 @ @ @e @&@eeee ee: Ge oe ® -- 8 t . ' e @ - e 1. 7 ’ r . : - t ” " , “ oe . * e' : a} e 8 « - oe af * * e : « q 7? 7 s 7 " ae hoa e e e 4 e fe e e - _ - o-.- ~= e -~ -_oe = - - ® a » - . e — - - ~ ” « * ~ . . . . = ~ . - - * - e ~ oe - - 2 soc aaee -~.se -“ > - oe ow ¢ . - s e . a e \ ° . . . . = - ‘ 9 t* 4 . an 08 . o-. ~ ' ¢ ve lo t i . 7. @ ® e - : e — : . . sO t? ft" . : e . @ re - ~—-—- & - @& 2» -ewr @ = wae - - * ~, ’ ~ or ¢ ye A oa ! ‘ . 4 e s on) - - - oe eo -—- -_— de o - PS - eo - - - . ~ = . - - - - - - _ . - - - - - ~ ~ - e . = . = - =_ & oe _-o- & -~ eo o-oo @& Seen Sey - - 4 . . . . r . yA” . yr : . ‘ ° Py 6 ¢ ° €: te fas . - . . . . . + Ss . ee . « Dd “ oI - a ’ - w e , : . . e a r a e o- ‘ é . ’ . . . t t . ‘ s ‘ \ a. . iat a? a eof, ; ‘ . , yo : ’ £ t . 4 a Na -- Om Table XX. Table Showing tre various cains in different successive periods. 4 ‘ —s aaa _ Ave AV. Av e AV e cain cain cain cein Total per per Total per ' per Warne Nate caine WEEK e dave cain. week, dav. NecAe e 50. 60 15 DeL4 # 40- Peck Jgan,g27. 40 10 1.42 150 12.5 1,78 ey a Neceaon " 30. 64 16 22°58 # 30 Senator ganeez. 40 10 1.42 184 15,5 Peel n O7. Teh,-4+. 82 20.5 2.92 Nec .2- n" 30. 78 19.5 2.78 ¥ 30- | Baroness's Girl Jan.27. 66 16,5 2.35 PAD 20.16 2,88 n O7W rebe 4. 98 20,45 3eD L 5 6 e ty OFe 1 Cy e O54 a eo » OF These figures show the total and average amovnt of gain by each individual animal , and all. during three successive periods. Lal - ~_ ss os . e e -- . « , e ‘ Od -_- ~) e-em oe eo tes -_- = «= ann, . ke ed -¢ _- ow e- & @& «eee ~~ Table XXI, Total Amount of Gain in Three Periods. Table showing the total amount of pein by three successive periods. Gain Total Av. Av. per Gain Gain gain gein gein yper- per per in 12 per per Name Period jod. week, day. weeks, week, OY» ist. ar *nt hn = ba Peck 4w'ks, 2022 5a5z 7,218 2nd. Senator 4w'ks. 146 36,5 5.21 5782 48.164 6,88! “ord . : Baroness's Girl 4 w'ks, 230 57.5 8.21 lst. 4Awks, 67,33 16,83 2.4 2nd. Average 4wtks, 48,73 12.16 Sat 192.66 16,05 2.29 ord. 4wtxs., 76,33 19,14 2.74 The above table shows the total and average anount of gain by three animals per period, per week and per day. And, also, the final average ,ein of all for the whole period, The gain is quite variable in three successive periods of four weeks each, probably due more to the clima‘ic condition than to the food itself, gain during the whole period of trial was 2,294, So the average deily - .« eo v3 ‘@ on wy ”-_ ~~ eu? ’ r—™ -@ ew + ee 8 a) “8 Ca rr A r Table XXII, The Amount of Feeding Stuff Consumed, Tahle Shovin: the amount of feeding stuff consuned, Feed per animal daily. Avew'te Ave Nut of the daily Mixed clover Sugar ilame Vine animal. gain. grain. hav. heet. Ister'd. 1252,8% 2,144 5,8-" 4,54 30# Peck end 1314, 1,42 4.5 4, 45 ord * 1344.4 1.78 Ve 5. 45 lst p'd. 1544, 8: 26782 5 Act 5 tt 30s Senator end " 1393.4 1.42 Se 4,75 A2 ard * 1413.2 2.92 5.25 9,20 42 lst.e::td. 1085.8 "De 7 6A 7 aot b2t 30." Baroness's Cirl And * L147.2 2.55 A.2e5 Be 39 3rd * 1208.5 3.5 7. Ae 39 inh atlas a arene — —- The above table shows the amount of feeding stuff consuned accord- ing to three different rations, in each perlod. There was a wide adifference in the daily variation, Ho-ever, the feed per animal, con- sumed in each period is practically the same, except sugar beets. Baroness's Girl shows better cain with the same amownt of feed durin;: the third period than in the second. The contehts of this table will reveal to vou a new insight of standard ration. \’ 49 . ‘ -_- ape ¢ * ' > €. - e ty. t oe a “ok 4 . ms on - “7 @ mao | er ' 4 % nm . € _? oo? ° & e s wr oe “4 , ° “¢ € 1? . a — ~_- —__- - Anount of Feeding Stuff Conswied bv Terlod, Per four weeks. Out Sliced elover ‘iixed sugar aa actitensn citeniieaneetitaneas per week. Table Showing the amount of feed conswied by each bv periods, Per dave Date hav e prain.hets. Hav . Grein Beet ray Gahin Beet For Peck, ib3. akg. by il3 ob. 2b3. - 109. “L3. stg. N@C er -" 30. 126 154 840 31.5 36. 210 5.5 4.5 30 # S0- Jan.27, 112 125 1260 2B “1,5 314 4.5 4. 45 "e D7 Peh,74, 140 140 1240 35. 35. 315 5. 8. 45 “or Senator ib3 33. a3. ibs, iby. £b9. i kg. it3 ibs Same 140 154 840 35, 38.5 210 5.5 5. AO as before 133 140 1176 AAS OA "Ae 284 5.2 4,75 42 14” 147 1176 36.75 3A, 7A 2.84 8225 5.25 42 ror Raroness's Cirl. ibs. b3. ~o3. ik3 04. its i bg. ut% 0 bs. Sane 1458 196 840 42 49 A10 7. 6 30 as before 168 17% 1092 42 A725 273 A.P5 A 49 148 194 1092 42 49. D977, 7. 6 39 The above table shows, as near 8s possibie, thea: verage amount of feeding stuff conswmed for three animals, and each, duriny; three pe- riods of tricl, That is to sav, on én averaze each of them consuned i » cr Ff ° - + a wy Bere, | an ty ge Fae ‘ . . ' « . ‘ : ae a - . . v= 7). o =? - _-——— - > - . - - - ~ = = cf - —_ - oa « - - _ oe o . e o ” - - - - - - -« -_ > _-_——_ a — 2 —~- - - 77 - ao -s oe -> es - —_ ° o ——_ o—_—_ - ° - oo 5 . , *, a 4 ® . ® . ° ‘ . - —_—~. = ~-- -- _ - . . ~ - . ~ - - - - . . - -- - - -_ 2 -_— - — & eee » so! ' ‘ ° * ! a e 2 + ft . «@ 8 hea , . s 23 ‘ , e e ’ » . e e s 77> = ~ ~ we « - - - - - “ - . . - _ ~ - ~- o . - or eo Oe ee we 2 2 + eae ee | e ; . a $ ( ‘ 1 , ' F oo - ve ~ - e: @-s.s a+ r - - - - - . ‘ ' 1 ‘ © . . ? e e ° e _ , . ® ° ° 9 of -. 2 a - ‘ - . mm a * ° 7 - a } @ ‘ 6 - . * .- e ‘ - ‘oe - @ 7" @. 1. fy. e - - - a r on . , ' ‘ ° ° - ° : ° - c= @ - @ . . . z ‘ ’ \ - ‘ ‘ . . Sf am - ne -- - 7 . - x : 4 @ ® e . - ~« we . oN . s +* a 1 , ae r a. . t t & 4 @ * e e . 7 ste - . hone . \- + yal 9 e e ‘ e soe - -— —- * ‘ * e- . ° . * . . ‘ . Lo toL .. ' w - - é ee... ue . a6 iO . - : so we * « > 7 , a. ‘ ® ° *° ‘ _-_ ' . 6 * ’ e ’ ’ 1 . eee e . 4 < ‘ - ss e r ' f 2 @ : - r . whe , —_ se _- ~ te ° we ec en —™ + an - oe ~ e - r - - e ° - - ~ - ~ - . = -~ - - =~ ~ ~ - . -- = - -~ - - - ~ - - - * - e _—- = 2 e ——_ — > - «+ ~~ - - - - —. - . = ‘ iF - 7 ~ oy . ar us ee foe "ae i ee . . ae fe oo 1 ‘8 ae. ’ . ° ’ - | - a t .' - e, eo , 8 e , ‘ . . vle - ° - . ‘ r . . ~ 4 . . : ‘ “as t poy : uo . . v? ‘ . ‘ ". so © oe - ° ‘ s ‘ . e- \ . ‘ ‘ ' ‘ . ' ‘ 7) ~.s,7 Continued, per day, 5.16# hay, 5.664 crain and 38% sugar beets to cive 2,294 daily gain. Table ¥XVY, Comparison of 84 devs trial at Ontario and Michigan Agricultural Colleges. Feed for steer dailv. Roots fed I't of animal af com- nene- Nailv Pea iente imcrease. Hav Bran real, Roots. Sugar “eet 1.059 eel, 10.54 3 6.0 a2, Many its. 1043 2.48 11.5 a 6,5 558 Turnips 10451 2200 12. 3 6,5 8? Averaye LOGL Deo 11.3 3 6.5 53 Feed for 1004 vain 485 129 279 2275 ® th -_ - aatr & ~* ory. e, .. 5 ‘ a i - eg Gj e: r nd “ coe % SO ” te ty wm, 7+ @ . Vay! Owe oe! f ‘ * 6 e . . ! . . e@ fe € t - et: t f ' ‘ ‘ \ , se ' eo e e e - 9° a ‘ Amaia ! @- tt, . ee a r on ° bs a 7 ¥ ' ~ . r * - . . 1 ’ ‘ - . - . : ' . ' ‘ 1 r ~ oe - @- ss ~~ w@ 2+ @ = &@ @ @ - © wii += = - - - . - - - - - - ~~. =—--- @ = 2 2 2 =e we eo ee — - e - ee meme eee wee ~ - - = ns bf '% . 5 . , * to. ‘ ; , . . e could . ~ . . - . ° 4 . a, e.:.- : ? e e -_ -—_— eo oe wee ell -o- - _—_-— = ~_ oe * a oye et - - - - ~ - . ° -_ . - ~ - - -~ - _- «w= ' eg, -Y . ° a . s - is -.? a = —_ = - ee . . . «4 ’ es@ 6 e e . = oc" we o ’ _¢ . <-> ~ m+ + — oO _ oe -~ DO Results of 34 davs trial with sugar beet for cattle feedini. - -1 Ae Se Feed per animal daily. wt of - _ - animal Nailyv at come ine Roots fed, mencimentcrease Har Gfain Roots Mame Surar Beet 1°20 1.78 4.5 Te 40 Peek Ssena- w w 1308 Deol 5. 5.20 18 tor B's " * 1042 ©, 88 on 6.75 36 vird 1190 Berd 5,16 4.56 38 Feed for 100# cain. 225.33 247.11 16388,88 _ — atin i> ae ap. sti» nasil — aia. aie —_— In comparing these two tables we find trat Lt required a less | amount of feed to produce the saie amount of gain in our trial that it did at Ontario Agricultural Collese Fxperiment Station, As vou notice the averace weisnt of the animals was about 42+ crater than those of the Ontario Colleze vet when under these conditions we see clearl: that it took only on aa average 225.°3% of hav, 247, 11% of ¢~rain and 158&,884 of sugar beets for 100# of cain live weight, at M. Ae Ce, but on tie other hand at te Ontario Agricultural College it took 4854 of hay, 129# bran, 279: pea meal and 2275:2 of roots, for the same amount of gain. Our result seems to be remarkable when compared with that of the Ontario Collece. —_ > of @ * r . Loo: ere oem em — . roe -. « -—-™ - --_ — s. re aN ; > } nr r . e ote Dawe oe- , - ’ ¢ e- i e 7° ’ ° . - vo a ro, 7 t . lt ' } . rc . - : ’ > a o’ . » . owe ae “4 a ie _ . i - . ° fy 4 phd, w7 8 ° *e t @ ects - °- 4 ~' 4 . ' ‘bh + , . ») e -~? t ° € 2 j 1 n ’ . 3 we om e - ' -_eere es -—sa 2 v . - ¢, o “e a -_7 ¢ 2 t e ¢ » a ee ® an « t { 1 °° we, TT Mey ~ - oe # " | ~ Pr ~ , . e Y roy i - pee ore «© © & © 8, . — 3 . a - . - e wa 3. ‘ = co @ coe m8. ~ ef a oD ' oe » e% € way €.. a rn ° or - . tore : « - y «7 ry a’ . ' - , s ¢ ee . Peo Tees . po . e ™ . ‘ ® - &. 4 ct by Total. The amount of feed consumed for 1002 gein, and cost of the same during 12 weeks trial. nite = Pai a > . CEs sa —athe —_ —- - > The following table shows that it cost $9.41 to preduce 1502 gair, live weight, for Peck, $9.91 to produce 186# pain, live weight, for Senator and $10.06 for Baroness's Girl to produce 242@ gain. Also, on an averacée, it cost only 49,79 to produce 195,464 of flesh during the whole period. Hence the cost is $5.26 per 100# gain. Table ¥XVT, Table showing the total amount of feed consumed for 1002 gain and cost of the sane, dim, a — —_ “P- Cost of tie sane. Total Cain Gain cost in 84 per of Crain Wavy Roots Cost reed- avs head food for for for for ing; per per rer 100-4 1004 1004 100# Trane stuff head day head gain gein gain gain a b3. 103. ig. ibs. bg. 0.12,0i1 Peek ‘ieal.,°7.B150 1.78 $9.41 280 252 22.40 $6.13 S Beet Senator C.:feal 186 Denk 59,91 237.09 225.8 1716.12 $5,353 BeGirl "= "© 242 2,88 10.06 234,29 208.2@€ 1249.58 $4,1° tii ee ain am, atti andi. — = a 7 — oD a rete at ben Average 192.46 2.29 £9.79 250.46 228.68 1401.90 $5.26 >. 3 ° * - - -e@ - - - -? ao ~ 1 . ‘ — a : o- ‘¢ > ° ° i c * - - . 4 | e ¢ ° . _ 4 -_ fre © oo- Fe ee + fF © . ' ‘ e . - ‘ ® - - = wo oe ee oe F&F @& * ery ”- °¢ ~ ’ oo, . otk .. - »e t ’ ad nr) red, oo, -~ a oe ~ = - ~-_- -— s ¢ “4 oa oc o oe oe t ' -.@ ° abe " . ° ‘ s et me we , ee. ake ~- -— -—. e- - « © « —- ' fr," ¢ o -” - e 2 . - - = ~~ _ . a , ‘ , a « e ' . - - + 6 ° . - . @ * . oe . —_ - we « . * Ca ‘ * re ee 2 oo a= ° , -__ -—- fF @ => e« - -_c ec & - @ 1 e - : . =-—lC fF hlmUmUmUmUUmUCUMDU : , : ~ - a ree r e . : . @ - o-f- m= — oe es - + . - - . 1 - . 2 r , ~~ s ) nu ao @e e @ ~-er- @& @ ° e 2 o - . . e - - ‘ - ( . e e e ° - 1 . » ee ad a ~- oo. =e he hfe oe fF ere ee & 6 -— eo oe wv © n - ov ~_—2eF «= 1 , - “ * -)yoo8 a4 v3 -_ -—_—. | e 8 mn s . > r . , °¢ : od L vf, , orn - a? oe 2 oo i Continued, These calculations are made according to the followin; prices. Per ton. Per pound. Corn Meal Qo cone eee - = ---- $14.00 7 O11 Meal Qe nn een eee + $25.00 1.25¢ Oat Meal An -- - eo ee = $25.00 1,.25¢ Wheat Bran (ho ----------------- 412,10 of25o/ Clover Hay Ajo oe - on ee ee ee * 8.00 04 Sugar Beets Qeo-----------------4% 2,50 0125 Table XXVIII, Feonomic value of the trial, Cost of . ~ food heir ~ T't at Cost during value, Prefit the com- for "18 market, er Name menement each triel valre loss, ibs. Peek 1200 “40, #9,41 $66.82 ~ $2,589 Bareness's Girl 1000 &39.52 410,06 &59.90 £10.32 Averace 1100 449,76 9,73 563.36 &3 686 The above table shows tat the beginning: of the trial was $49.76/, cost of the feed per animal for the average cost of each animal at the weiching 1100, and the average whole period wes $9,73, They prought in, after deducting all expenses incurred for their shipnent and sale, en an average $63.36/, clear money, giving an averace net profit of $3,86¢ per animal, Senator is not taken into account in this calculation because he was not sold, but he was xept fer the Chicago stock Show in 1900 that will take place sone tine during the next fall. ° 7m r “ : ¢ - . f . . r - Cay an) . e - yb, + . Do yg he Ne eye . . oP ,2 oof ere eee. “ ‘ ee: J) ot a eee ‘} - \ : \ wy , rot Vy ¢ a & a? yee yr 4 ae ty AS ’ to a. ~ aad o_— ew + _ 7 —_ -_ > 7 -— eh ip ee O-w 7 @ ee BS oe _-_ >> <> & -«- - ° ee. Se ee Se en ee ee ee a ee ' o* _~e ' m. . > + Sm one - = -« - - - > - - a a @e -_ =e me . e e — - ~.3 2 s N “ree : coor e . veo - an e : -. . ~ , : 5 e 4 A toe e » i e- we ee ”- -_ 8 - - * . - - -_ = we ‘ ’ e ‘ * . - he —_ +0 \ocfr , “ a me we ee em ew a) e - e . = a an. ws - = 8 = ~ ~ “ . - ~ ~ - - : * od - - ~~ — con ar 8 - we lle e e ' + - _ : . - » e @ ‘ 4 1 a A a a em melee a ee ew ~ - + =-— =— eS- 2 EDP eRPe K- © ee = 2 “% —— ee > ee or ee _- . = a . - f e ? r s. . es ao ys + © B@ 5! abe e e e ‘ - 4 f.e ew - —~ ~ mm —-. omow - - - - . - o * . - - - . - - — - - na A - = = ° -~_ = o - o——_ 2 @ -—& ~~ - 5 vy © a ’ ‘ : - . ~ , ‘ ‘ 4 : ‘ . . bd ~-. > ) ' s : - c wee se es e u y . , , - "oe , 7 s ’ } ° * , to? -2 : - -« * @ a+ te ; - q 6 —_— - - - o ® e 1 o ' ‘ > { 1 . om ’ poo, ' ~- - a - o. . +t ’ ‘ . ’ e ‘ . . - e - , -~ ’ Oy *, i Ps ’ . » ; 1 ‘ ’ 4 . . . ' ° ' a’ ® . 1 % - : ed ‘ x . . ‘ e {: - ‘ ‘ & ° ° q od 4 c, eC; ee o ' » . ’ t 1¢ . my 27 44 c -_o - 497 8 . 3 - 7 a f ming t, ‘ i -.23 - - - e - os - ge ‘6 ‘ d $ ® e . ~~ = * . "\¢ , t- , , s . | ro hd . of” r ° ' @:r, \ ° - “~ } ‘ : : ' ‘ ‘ . » e.- . » ' e ‘ > . - ° ' - - . ° <4 . “qo. 7 ‘ fe ¢ rd r ‘oF . ¢ : * e r . . ¢ . . . e * ' , { v's ‘ -* ‘y, ', 6 ey , ¢ a . poe ’ fy - eT gk & . Ma, ro. t ’ , . e o 1 o_O wee eee ee ee eee ee ee ee -sfhe Continued, However, my belief is, that Senator would have inereased rather than decreased our profit. The animals were sold br Carrier and Robinson to A. %, Smith, at Buffalo, Mareh 12th, 1900. Had te mariet heen favorable for beef, we would have made an averece net profit for each animal of at least $15.90 However, we believe, as far as business is ceneerned, it was profitahle to ship the animals as soon as they were ready for the market. Though it always pavs to put the animals on the market as soon as thev are all in food condition, This will please both the purchaser and seller, and moreover, it will create a cood reputation which will always bring higher rrices than otherwise, In the first ease the stockman will fo (follow) the market, and in the other, the market will seek the stockman. The last condition should be always preferred. Table XXVIII. Live and Dressed Weichts of tre Steers and Heifer, Give and dressed weights of Aberdeen Anus steers and neifer fed at "Le A, &, ressed Nressed “Tame w't in Dressed fat & heef fat Nressed Buffalo heef tallowS & tallow’ beef? Roxie 14680# 10832 1454 73.93." 64,4624 Wiggins 1*50 988 145 68.25 59.51 Peck 1280 810 102 7LAN 63.08 Jonnson 10580 A430 80 67,61 60,00 Baroness's Girl 1230 714 B84 64.8" 58.8% ¢ ( ras « -b ee - * ane , en $ oF . ry ON [, ° Doe SA - *% . . oo - ioe f : Cote . orgy ® eer > =. - 4 , ° a e \ #4 f 44 ane 4d - Cc ¢ ° a: - . ° 4 - - “s . .? .. 4 a. *y eroe - e re. a ~.@ , 2 § so Pd eo! |}: ® er. , ww. ‘ -_—_— = -— - « - - ’ o . 4a oe ‘ , r ‘ o e. @” rts fr _ e rr oe F ‘' @ a s * é =. , »: - 7 4° a —- a) . * - . @ ‘ - - Bee gw tee es . og . a-.?’ f . . : ) . ° 1 . ° « Cad eo. A - 2. ¢ ¢ . . - 8 * ” ‘ * t ‘ -~ ” « t ? ° ae - “ * . ' . + - ‘ ’ L * . . « ‘ é . - - . a y * & . ft ‘ + . . * e ' . ‘ ' * s ‘ mye . oy a , ® e e . : - ° - + ' ‘ -~ \ s ® a = me -_ . - - - - - ~ ° -_ = - te mo ° t - e t . + , . @e ~ tt ~ r - ~ - \ e we o@ * ec ~9 © ® . os ©® t * * - —_- - - - - = -_ 2 . _ a= = —_ = - = = ~ -> —= - - - ~~ = -— @ or. wv. -~«'* @ - « a . rer = 1 or e a ~~ —- oe -_ -_ ~ 4 tees ~ B tie - or Py 1 we 4s - ° . . ’ 1 e o Tee -_— => >: « ¢ * 8 -— —- -—_ 2 we ws . r, , vt ‘eo yey : . _. 8 > » Ce eo ‘ s oer? 3° v , ¢, at E , e oe a ad eve: ~— oe ae ee e. *~ ae ~ J ~~ = © 2 oe mw . “e e 3 ’ 4 - ° 4 id ~ : - ‘ , - . » ~ o “9 Continued. Pereent of fat and tallow in relation to. papa — erent > a Dressed beef Live fat and Dressed Name weight tallow heef Rexie 8,524 11.807 13,30:% Wiggins 8.73 12.79 14,67 Peek 7.96 11.18 12,59 Jehnson 7.61 11.26 12.721 Rareness's Girl 4.82 10.52 11.76 ie pi iP a Ae ee eee re ee ae i> aaiphe- entih> ak apie ripe The above table was prepared by rrr. Ferguson, Canadian, with the consent ef Professor “umford for the M. A. %. Record, and published in 70, 29, Vol. 5, April 10th, 1900 with the following remarks,- "During the past week the Farm Department received and tabulated the data ebtained in comection with the beef steers and heifer fed at the farm this winter, and subsequently sold on the Ruffalo market, While the showin; of all animals is good, that of Roxie is exceptional, in that, if not actually the best on record it is verv close to the champion, From Secretary Coburn's "The Beef Steer," we lear that the best record of "Net Dressed lMeat® civen, as that of the pure bred Shorthorn Steer, Clarence Kirk Livingston, which dressed 70 per cent. Roxie dressed 735.95 percent." - ¢ e . ¢ ot ‘ » e ® eo , z - . e ° - o ._? . . - . 4 a ’ C e ‘ ‘ . ~.€é @Ory, . - . . a . . & , + . oe a Yo, tl : . . €. 7 - . * ‘ * e s ‘ = = e ° . ; »¢ . . ee . ¢ . ? ‘ - ee » - ' ‘ . a t 9 - & ‘ ® . ” 4 oo a : e ® ’ o~ - 4 ft ty “£78 eter ’ , ‘ ° -t -9 _* as 5 o.Oce ee: wy, : my ~.e \ ) a ! a! - - . . - eo - . ° 7 - - o . . - . - Oa Sd . ~ > ° - — . - - - & > «© ~- oe o~-~s lw lh es Oo & © -f- ae & wo e+e —_ — e vo . v . \ y &. so - ° e t ~~ -«~ %& . r 1. 1 6 7 ‘ . ,° r > t ! . 4. . . 4 ‘ . td ~~ -~ # F ~~ «2 ~~ ~ ~ . -~ oe 2 - . - > - - o . e - ° - > ° . -_ - - . - ra . . - - > @ e - => Co oe -~ ® -~ = e = ap - = oe @Q= =~, . mo 7" F ° atx so °“@ ‘fe e s t ft @e ea - we r ‘ z! t-. I" * s i @ - e . ® o +e a Wr ome “lac te e ore ‘. @ . e aw - ree soot . . , - o . A e \. ° a a eo 7 - ve , a . - . ro ‘ @ -& e e Je ae sete” wd . 4 ~ @ «= - ~ « - . - . ° - « « 7 . - “ - - - o o - oy . . « == oo - - & - - we & @& 2s Ree 2 orn . ' a a. -? : ° a e, . a - of - ‘ ace eo ° Care ¥ s ~ ? a ° , “yk i - -« ® -- go e Cd cz) aio + “ : . . - ary io . a . - - - ° ° a - @& w . - - ~~ wore - ~_ - t ° ‘ + @ Me j & % e 2 ' ° -3- Theorv of the Profit of Feedin;; Finished Cattle: - Suppose we had sold Senator at the beginning ef our trial, other things bein;; equal, we would have received + cent less for each pound of flesh than we would after having increased his weight by 2006, For exarnple: - Animal weight at commencement was--~--------- 1.2004 It was sold 5.5¢ per pound live weight----------- 5.5 Total amewunt received(expenses are------ 222------ 566.00 not taxen into consideration). The animal weight after trial was---~-------- 1400# It was sold at 6¢ per pound live weight----------- 6 of Total amommt received------------------~---------- =f54,00 iow, suppose, our trial was not profitable. That is to say, it. cost us six cents to increase per pound flesh, that is what we cot for it, but mark you even under this condition, we made $6.00 net profit. Because if we had sold the animal at the commencement we could have gotten only $66.00 but we now receive “72,00,- that is, 12002 5.5 $866.00 12004 6 g&$72,00 Net profit ~ £6.00 In this ealeculation the fluctuation of tie price ef beef on the market, and the unfavorable condition for the feeding of cattle are not taken into consideration. ° » — ¢* a’ " a .° oe 14 s. "¢ ve « e% * : ( 4 4 Oy to (. , bk ‘ ‘ to ® . ‘ > ( e “ [wr] rr . e . 4 i .@ es es we m8 4 ~ o” ‘ » . ‘ . w. ’ a. Remarks and Surprestions. This trial, though not very extensive in nature, reveals sone facta in revard to the rations, averajse gain per dav, pereent ef dres- sing, and the effect of age and condition upon the rate of sein that are contrary to the books. The question then is, not simply to deny the results thus obtained with improper criticism, but proceed to dis- prove or establish them with a trial that will be comparatively exten- sive, I believe that such an experiment will prove to be very interest- ing an@ valuable both scientific and practical P#tocknen ef the state, We de not question that the results obtained from our trial ean be altered or modified more or less under different climatie g@nd non- climatie eonditions. Yet, I insist upon tne proposition that the faets ebserved from these results will remain alwavs unchanged. I do not mean br this at all that a Standard Ration is useless, en the centrary it may he useful at certain periods at certein tines, but not yap a> Hence I suggest to our Experiment Station that they allew sone conseiencious student to take two lots of steers, five animals in each let, as nearly albke as possible in all points and conditions and feed let No, 1, according ta American and German Standard Rationa, but the lot No. 8, according to the most economical rations regardless of the ration princirle itself. The experiment should run at least two vears under the management of a single person having in mind the following prineiples,~« 1. Re kind with the steers at all. times and in all places. a a +e: e Avoid harsh expressions and profanity while feeding; or eleaning. De Be consciencious and manly in your feeding. @. 32. @ 2 2-32 3 2 o-e ws © w-2 => Se Be honest, accurate and particular in your reeords. a — «d-, <> —¥ — ee OP i a ai oD EP em ey wo -- oe te ry * - } es 7, .- ¢ * ‘ oo} 4 + f . t wo OF 7? t +° * * $ Fr . ‘yy te o ww 1" - , . , : . . . % Be 78 © - °C ~ : , e ' ' > 9 f fF eh Ry M4 . - . ' 1 - * * ‘ = ‘ . + ~-% ; > . b a Qed . re ’ : “tee © em my . _ . we e > 0 : oro ty aw , . oe SD Qa: & - - ~ | . ; Sk ee ° - a . . . * ~ , e ° ' . ‘ 1. ‘ J 3 . oa ' . . . . . ~ co. . o ». ©. o ; ’ . & a ; . 3 : iy gw ')} md - . ° e . r 4 . * ? e . . e . 4 eB oc. w ra . . . ° ‘ « . ve ° ® : ‘ - - ~ “s ) t. -' whey DS 2 . ‘ « ° . ® ° . ‘ 1 * s : . ‘ , - ‘ ° i . . . 4, td 7 e ”. - or on 8 - +: a ee e - wa * 7 ‘ e o- ° - o-. ' € - e . ‘ ' o- ° - - + 2 7 » R . ‘ . - . , ¢ XY ‘ '¢ . a . ‘ doe e a ” £ . ry 7 6 ‘ a o - . . . ® - . - ~s . _ “sé a* . ro ' . : [ ce e-fr . . eg @:’. ah « & . . : ~ r ‘ . : ve 1? ery -- . “ -- * . ~ 7 e- @e- e . ~ ~ - ~ . ‘ - * * ! . e. . ‘ or @ ,+ > ue, > _ 3 2 . , _ 2 = - - . s ~ &. Yt a e e . . ’ e . , * e a . - é t }. . . . . aan a ; ) ‘ > rd) ‘ ~ : 4 a ~3B og - S . oe o - e . -- we . e ry r e + a . - s : . a . e t . - ’ * , e oT ~ _¢ d ° « . 1 ‘ @e 4 - - . - . - 6 - - _ -~ - _ « ” e ° e . ye 3 are a sc . . ot : roy OS -* ' } ° ue . - @ ’ . ' »~ > a> , - aoe : wi” ~ e e ~ [ ‘ - ro. oe. . . r we, } so - * . « e e x. * - e . = . - > _ - - - - - - - = _ - - - - - - ~ - ~ ~ ~ . - - > _-_ _—_ Ov: 4 e . s&s ' & ° eae . 4 ¢ ¢ ° *s ‘ t ’ yr ey . & te» e - . t , e - - . - 28 . . ° - ee . . . 7 - . . . - -_—-_—_— - &- «+ © Oe @ & @-e - - - - - . ~ 2 a - . . ~ « «@ « . .- - . - ee - - « —e ete © @& «= om o - - ~ . - - -— « - _—_— = 4 - - - - - - sow e = « . - -A)— Continued, 4. Observe the principles of feediny - "Be always on time" - as promptness in feeding is essential, be “"Aveid sudden chances. Increase and decrease your grain rations cradually,*® Ce “Water t:.6 aninal at least twice a dav." ad. *Previde some exercise for the animal accordins;; to the clima- tie eonditions.* Nete:- I prefer not to feed the srain, hav and roots at the sane tine. It ia hetter to feed one kind at a time, hecause in the first place vou will. be ahle to keep accurate record of wasting stuffs, and secondlv animals will not be apt to waste so much, SUM TY o Faets observed:- 1. The kind treatment of the feeder is much more important in feedine. stock, especially at tre end of the fattening periods, than the foed itself, 2. Rerularity in feeding is essential for obtaining the best results and the proper condition of the animal. Se It pavs, and moreover it is necessary, to be conscientious in stock feedin:. 4, No not feed the animel according to vour habit, but aceordin;: to the appetite and climatic conditions. 5. Standard ration is not necessarv for an economical cain, it may be heneficfal, but not essential. B. A finished steer cen he fed more or less profitably with proper care, 7. Under faverahle cenditiens the time of watering - before or after meals - will not effect the rate of gain, 8. The aninel should be watered at least twice a dav. 9, Cleanliness effects the rate of gain. The cleaner tre aniral, the stall and the surroundinis are, other things heing equal, tre mreater the averare .oin, and vica versa. oe ot - ~? oe “ « = “ - e °: , a t 7 £S -- . 8 , > - 8 ee oe a : of “~ at . e!: = an e ° ey 2a gr’ -. "4. “8 » ‘ ah e 4 °? °° o> a “4 a et fo A ef, & : @ r - ~ Continued, 10. Weather affects tie rate of cain as well as increases or de- creases the amownt of feed. The warmer the weather the less the con- sumption of feed and viea versa. Points of interest:- | 1, The average daily cein for each animal for the whole period of eur experinent was 2.292, 2. The averace cost for 100# cain, live weight, was 35,26¢. 3S. The averace amount of feed consumed per dav for each animnl was %.16# eut clover hav, 5.664 crain and 384 sugar heets. 4. The hichest ration fed was as follows:- Dry retter 16.464, pretein 1.54%, carbo-hrdrates 9,844, ether extract 62". This ration cave a dailv cain of 3.54 during the third peried of our trial. §, The steers pained 158 per day wien they were about of an averave a vear old, and 1.884 when two years old. 6e Peck dressed 71.25 percent, end Baroness's Girl 64,87, Senater would have exceeded hoth of these, and perhaps equaled Roxie, if not exceeded her. ‘She dressed 73.93 percent. 7, =‘The average net profit ef each animal was $3.86¢ for the whele period, 8, The averace mean ration of all animals for tne whele period wan 14,474 dry matter, 1.414 protein, 8,7# carho-hydrate and ,37:" athner extract. - s ra . } . f + ot 7% > e “ 2 - Oy ba > ny ray + 0 ’ 7 +4 ~ '@ -; Ss > 17 & f f of. : “ ° . : ey e 7. o $s ac, (8 . . 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