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"DISTRICT HEATING PLANT FOR ST.JOHNS, MICH.

A THESIS

BY

Le C. HULSE
AND
Le Je FAIRCHILD.

TSE
East Lansing, Mich., May 15, 1914.
To the Mayor and City Council,
St.Johns, Mich.
Gentlemen:

We have the honor to submit herewith a report in de-
tail of our investigations regarding the advisability of add-
ing a district heating system to your city's present power
plant.

Our first step in the investigation was to canvass the
business district and determine the possible business avail-
able and the amount of heat required to properly serve the
same .

We then inspected the plant and collected data on it's
equipment and operation of the past year, and calculated the
heat available in the exhaust steam from the plant and found
it to be amply sufficient for our purpose. Following this we
determined the pipe size to be used, and the style of conduit
best adapted for the work in hand.

Next we made maps of the business district, and a pro-
file of the grade line for the entire length of the conduit.
These gave us details from which to calculate the complete
cost of installation. Knowing the cost os installation and the
probable life of the system, we were able to determine the
yearly expense of operation.

Finally by canvassing some representative business

264837
men as to present heating costs, we were able to set an equit-
able rate, and thus determine the revenue from the heating
system. Subtracting from this the expense of operation, we
obtained the probable profit, which, to us seems more than
sufficient to warrant the installation of the system.
Appended hereto are the principal data which form
the basis for the work, the computations based thereon, maps,
profiles, estimates etc. pertinent to the investigation.
Very respectfully submitted,
Le C. Hulse
and
Ie Je Fairchild.
PRESENT PLANT EQUIPMENT.
Two- Gordon Steam Pumps. (Compound)
Size Cylinders 10"x10" and 22" x 10"
Average Speed 17 RPM.
Time Used Per Day 24 Hr.
One-=- Knowles Air Compressor.
Size Cylinder 10"x12"

Used only for heavy demand.

One- Ingersol Air Compressor.
‘Size Cylinder 10" x 14"
Average Speed 80 RPM.

Time Used Per Day 24 Hr.
One- Skinner Engine, 150 H.P.

Size Cylinder 14°x15"

Average Speed 242 R.P.M.

Time Used Per Day 10 Hr.
One- Corliss Engine, 185 H.P.

Size Cylinder 16* x36"
Average Speed 102 R.P.M.
Time Used 14 Hr.

Three- Wickes Horizontal Boilers, 100 H.P. Each.

NECESSARY ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT.
One- Wickes Vertical Boiler, 350 H.P.

(Needed for present requirements, )

#9
 

 

N.E. CORNER of POWER PLANT.

 

WEST SID of POWER PLANT,
 

150 H.P, SKINNER and INGERSOLL AIR COMPRESSOR,

 

185 H.P. CORLISS ENGINE,
 

   

 

 

GORDON WATER PUMPS,
ESTIMATION OF CUBIC CONTENTS OF BUILDINGS
TO BE HEATED. _—

The average store building is two stories high, each
floor being 22'x104'x13', giving 59,500 cu.ft. or approx-
imately 60,000 cu.ft. for the cubic contents of each store
building.

There are 75 sueh stores. 75 x 60,000 gives 4,500,000
cueft. for the cubic contents of all the business district.

One sq.ft. of radiating surface will heat 100 cu.ft.
in zero weather, therefore 45,000 sq.ft. of radiation will
be sufficient.

The amount of heat necessary to heat one sq.ft. of
radiation one hour in zero weather is 255 B.T.U. and since.
15% of the heat at the plant is lost in transmission, there-

fore 45,000 x 255 gives 13,300,000 B.T.U. necessary at the
°85

plant.

TOTAL HEAT IN EXHAUST STEAM AVAILABLE.
Exhaust steam is figured as having a quality of 85%,
and an available B.T.U. of 903.7 per pound, at 5f gage.
GORDON STEAM PUMP.

10 x 10 x .785 x 10 x 17 x 4 x 60 x .2577 x 903.7
17238

equals 432,000 B.T.U.
INGERSOL AIR COMPRESSOR.

12 x 12 x .785 x 14 x 160 x 60 x .2577 x 903.7
1728

equals 2,450,000 B.T.U.

SKINNER ENGINE.
At 307 steam per H.P. Hr, 150 x 30 x 903.7

equals 4,600,000 B.T.U.

CORLISS ENGINE.
At 217 steam per H.P. Hr. 185 x 21 x 903.7

equals 3,550,000 B.T.U.

| AVERAGE OF CORLISS & SKINNER.
(4,600,000 plus 3,550,000) divided by2 gives 4,075,000 B.T.U.
TOTAL B.T.U.e MINIMUM IS 6,957,000

MAXIMUM B.T.U. AVAILABLE.
SKINNER ENGINE.
At 357 steam per H.P. Hr. 200 x 35 x 903.7
equals 6,320,000 B.T.U.
CORLISS ENGINE.
At 254 steam per H.P. Hr. 247 x 25 x 903.7
equals 5,600,000 B.T.U.
AVERAGE OF CORLISS & SKINNER.
(5,600,000 plus 6,320,000) divided by 2 gives 5,960,000 B.T.U.

(Gordon Steam Pump and Ingersol Air Compressor same as before)
TOTAL B.T.U. MAXIMUM -- 14,802,000

This is more than sufficient for the heating system.

DETERMINATION OF PIPE SIZE.

Plotting curve from table #36 in Hoffman's Handbook
gives the result that a 10" pipe 3,000ft. long will carry
220# of steam per minute.

Since 1# of exhaust steam at 57 gage will supply
3 sqft. of radiation, 45,000 gives 2507 steam per min.

Therefore the above 10" pipe will carry 91% of the
total possible load, and since only 60% of possible bus-
iness will be connected on in the first five years
(see Gifford), this size will surely be ample.

We will then use a 10" main with a 6" return pipe for

the long run. For other pipe sizes see plan view of street.

STYLE OF CONDUIT.

For style of conduit see drawing between pages 6 & 7.
Wrought iron pipes are used throughout with screwed joints
except at expansion joints, where flanged joints will be
used. Service tees and nipples are extra heavy service type.

Manholes are placed at each expansion joint.
    
   
 

PE COVERING
W.I. Pi PE ——
CONCRETE

CONCRE

od
CONCRETE CRUSHED RO

DRAIN PIPE

PIPES .AND CONDUIT
COST OF INSTALLATION.

Excavation @ 40¢ per cu.yd.

Excavation for main line 2,439 cueyd.

Excavation on branches 710 *
Total 3,149 *
Raising and replacing pavement.
@ $1.19 per yd. $1,100.00
New brick @ $17 per M. 31.50

gidie
Conduit in place @ $7.50 per ou.yd.

434 ou.yds. $3 , 250.00
Wood Covering, @ $50.00 per M.

8,880 ft. $ 444.00
Drain Tile @ $15. per M.

3,544 ft. $ 653.20
Crushed Stone @ 60¢ per cu.yd.

131 cu.yds. $¢ 78.50
Rollers and Anchors, @ $2.50 each.

177 needed $ 443.50
Manholes, @ $25.00 each.
7 needed $ 175.00

Pipe and Fittings.

2250 ft. of 10" »880.00
526 ft. of 8" 526.00
3018 ft. of 6" ,030.00

626 ft. of 4 1/2" 234.00
768 ft. of 3 1/2" 254.00
1060 ft. of 3" 284.00
1060 ft. of 2" 140.00

7-10" Expansion Jts. 917.00

$1,260.00

$1,131.50

$3,250.00

$ 444.00

$ 53.20

¢ 78.50

$ 443.50

$¢ 175.00
Pipe & Fittings

Cont'd.

3-8" Expansion Jts.

11-6" 7

3-4 1/2" " -
4-3 1/2" " "
6-8" Service Tees
18 <6" " fn
6-4 1/2" +" .
13-3 1/2" " *
1-10" Gate Valves
1-6" " "
38-3" Wyes

38-2" .

6-8" Nipples
13-6" =

6-4 1/2" "

13-3 1/2" "

19-3" Plain Tees
19-2" t nr

Diatomaceous Covering.

2250 ft.
526 ft.
3018 ft.
526 ft.
768 ft.
1600 ft.
1600 ft.

Labor of Laying

of 10" @ 52¢
of 8" @ 44

Pipe.

 

 

148.00
272.00
54.00
45.00
77.00
93.00
23.00
45.00
26.00
12.00
47.50
41.80
5.40
9.10
2.40
2.60
59.40

 

20% of (8,279.40 plus 3,004) equals

Total Cost of Line.
Add 10% incidentals

ESTIMATED TOTAL

cosT.

0,374.20
2,037.40
9411.6

$8 .279.40

$3,004.00

$2,256.00
0,374.20

2,037.40
2,411.60

$22,500.00
FIXED CHARGES.

Depreciation 5%
Repairs and Upkeep 1%
Interest on Invst. e

12% of $22,500.00 equals $2,700.00 per year.

INCOME.
60% of business connected on in five years, or 45 stores.
Radiation per average store, 600 sq.ft.
Present cost per store per season, $250.00
Proposed rate of 30¢ per sq.ft. per season, or $180 per store.
Total Income, 45 x 180 equals $8,100.00 per annum.

PROFITS.
TOTAL INCOME $8,100.00
TOTAL EXPENSES $2,700.00
PROFITS $5 , 400.00
CONCLUSIONS.

In conclusion we feel safe in saying that the above
installation would be very advisable, not only as a source of
revenue from the heating system alone, but also as a means of
remedying the present inefficient operation of the whole plant,
which with the present pumping equipment is unavoidable.
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