ai ODS An Investi vation Nar at. v : , ° A og nan ID thie Hansin, Vator Lupply. , . | . Ly oy M . “ y . yo LS oy H.l Duthie. H.S.~Fetorson i" THESIS 396043 FHESIS The Investigation of the Lansing Vater Supply. Introduction. The investi cation of the Lansing City Vater Supply was undertaken as our theais with the idea of showing just what the prevailing conditions of the water system are, with the view of determining ite adequasy for a growing city. it is proposed to eriticise favorably cr otherwise, anG te recommend inprovenents. Ye base cur oriticiass and recommendations on references taken from treatises on good water supply methods as presented by reeognized mthorities. We will net attempt te mention our authority on conclusions reached for each part of the systen,but prefer to summarise here. Our authorities ares "Public Wager Supply” by Surmeaure end Rubsels “Water Work's Hanacement and Maintenance by Hubbard end Kiersted; “Treatise on Hydraulics® by Merrinen; "Water Supply Engineering” by Folweif; Water Supply Paepers,Re. 172, U.S.Geological Survey; Geological Survey Reporte sand "Chemical Analysia of Waser by Mason. Ye are much indebted te Professors Vedder and Rosing for their suggesticons,aleo to several city officials and state officials for data end information, some of whon are Kr.C.D. Dedse, superintendent of Vater Boam,Mr.¥.5.Kirby, Seeretary ef Water and Light Beard, and Mr.Huge R.Delfs,Cheif of Fire Dept. and aleo to Dr.M.L.Holn, State Pactertologicalietj;Mr. Allen, State Geolorzists Prof.Parrove professor of ceclogy at M.A.G, ami alse te the engineers at the varicus stations for their courtesy and help. SOULS» The water supply of the City of Lansing is a stristiy ground wator suyply,as the sity obteins ite intire supply from Geep bored wella renging fram £50 to 860 feet in depth. These wails are iccated in four different parts of the oity,and while they are net of the sane depth, the supply ia derived from the sane etrake.cf sandstone. This is shom by the reeords ef well borings ant water enalysis very conclusively. Lenging is situated in the Coal Basin of Southern Michi cam. This besig extends over « donsidersble portion ef the southern peninsula, and has the general shape of a sencer. It ia composed of ao cardonifercus linsatone formation, followed by a complex sandstone anf shale with intermediate seaus of coal. From this coal moasure is dram the water for all deep driven welis of thie vicinity. The true source of the w:ter is indefinite, but it fs plain to be seen that 4¢ comes from dome remote catchment ares where the upper impervious strata outerops allowing the por- @elating eurfaece water tc readh the coal reassure. 4a the knowledge of scurve is necessary for am intelicent amalysia of water,it is knowm that Lansing's eupply is intirely free from surface waters of the immediate Vieinity by the fast that th: boring ef the wells has never affect: the water in the shallew aig wells that are in the neishber- hood heed, aleo the absence of tubercles in the pipes, which reault fren organians which are found only in the surface vaters. The temperaturencf the water isa neatly senstant, showing 14 to be @ ground supply. Very iittie trouble has been experianced by contenina~ ties in this syetem,es the welie which are bored,are protected by a six inch steel casing, wich was driven,in all eases,as far as possible into the bed rock. By this method all surface waters are elininated, The enly trouble in the way of epiderics, experianced in the systes,cocred in the winter of 1908, shen a serious ontbreak of wintor cdhelers was traced te tho Tewnsend St. sub- atation walls. Here it was found that the stec]l casing of ene of the wells lesked,ané this well was within a few feet of a trumk sewer, This was remedied by sinking a four inch pipe inaide ef the siz inch one. After this no ore trouble was experi ended. Tixia experianee, though, serves to make risain the neecsss ity of the utmest preemtion im the eeleotion of the aites ef wolls,end the operation of boring and tubisc. The location of the wells is well adapted to the tope- grephical gonditions of the «ity. As the city is practically ievel.and with no chance of using a gravity syston,the main station was located at a central peint,and as the oity rrev, it decane ebvioukly truce that substations would have toe be pleeed in 4ifforent parte cf the eity te increase the pressure, especially as the syaten was not ceaimged and lasé cut to fulfill the present cond’ tions. Exthematibils ty. The exhaustibility of the Lansing water supply has never been truly tested. It isa certain fren the infromation te be abtained fram the oaity efficials that it merely o question of a short time whem the eity will have te take steps toward finding a now soursce,or te adding tc the scurese nev being used. This is shows by the fact that the rain pumping estas tion could take care of the aity’s conmuption,if 2% could be um at its full capacity, but the wells et the rain station have by their acticna, shew that they are boing dram frou at their maximum capacity. We are rocitive that the sinking of new wolis in scormection with those already in croeration at the main station would do mo good,ac cround vater fe s-verned by a fov well kom factors io» Ro more water eum be eontinmveusly takam out of the ground than goes into it. cuisvlvania Ave.,at the Grand Trunk RU. cre@ging., It is equiped with ec Foirbanke end Karsh 14 x 12 reaeiprecating puxrp with a caepa- 6itg of 1 million galions per day. This station is the newest 6 ef the mibstations and is rum internittcntly to cave the wells at the nainsatation. The pumps at the substations are rotor driven. The qurrent is mrmplied from the City Lighting Station, whioh ia gun in comection with t!.o main water station. Ali three of ti.0 enbstations are «:al] roatly fare niebed brick atrustures, The purping machinery is embedded on Gonorete at about 18 fToct bolow tie murface of t’.o Cround so ee to waco tho Lift as mcall as practicable. {bo stations are an charz: of two non,one for night ari one for duy work, te Operate tise pura up)em erdera fro: tc rain atsticn. «7 Stross. she water syste: cl Lensing is what io now as the - direst stand pipe system. ine gater is pompod fre all tio stations G@ireotiy into the system from their various locations. Om Cader &t. aththe main staticn is located « steel standépipe, which is used as on equaliser for tne ayotem. The standpipe is 1c Leet ligs anc fe 16 Leet in die ctor, Leadin: amy fron tho atation,to tho stemdpipe,en= in w=. oor direotion serces fias Cr@nd Tivos to osm gses cve- ere 1° ineh mains. These aro theo let;cat moins in the eyatan, ord have mo avrillaries dn cuse of c breals dorm. At tic eluntrire at Codéy St. and at the intorscoticn of casuingten ed SJiezen £¢. the lerce nairs bramci:. out into the aycton,diatribu7 tin, vater to Cie varicus ryarta of the guctom. A cemistion omiing that the epeton was fnetalied wisn tie alty wan moclicr anki lons flourist{rg ie ghosn by the fast that ho regides lawn eyetem, distributing water to te Various portions of tno olty,is used. ¥ = ee ee ee —- but im guest onge. ac cam bo goon ber the mep cf the system nocerpaiwirg tole tieata, there aio ie motne ind clhugle street OF gonin ti. leiyo unina dren to orsll omnes. This cen ebvioualy be ceo fo us Coatrary to good prectice aes tho sce ~ wnying lesa of hosel woula oe aernmicomile,ari would lescoly Jopree cinta ths p;ossuis acd bebe bie sitétobére: of . 4 ‘4 9 -, . . . . en de 1% ol. 4 - e - 4 ote roeceermioca. Wide ruitirlice by tho tisoolecerew. ef tla reo ywith @ consiceraticon Per cliri ete ers Peabo dvoeysetivio a fo setivute cf tuc arcunt ct we tow rorrsc, 2G Pina toa arrecont wreTy od bo toa otc lio 2 CRree Tul vecera cf tro crker

4° x 2 4, “ . tis t ee a |] 4 ‘ nS . 7. eye v. 4 er . 4 745 : a - %% if 7. Ss ™~ ° ra Lor Ce, oe -t Ee 1 OLS: “4 a V 3 (3 wy 93 1 =a Wa. we! “Ne \. ww &! h.! 4 vee -< 1 Nee Lo Bae : 27 , 2 rT - ° _ : % .. A ~ 7 ae 2 -- 4 me " : : e - . : - eH, He re we Hog vhs + 7" | ~ 7% ° . . ™ wi? <7 PT ev 4 TER . e “oo. " ant, c toe J No’ - 12? _. a) tw a. waeatle Lb be ° C.a°u J a - - a: 7 a c : 04 . Uv Q- --! as GY. ~"@ + @ Sse WA .4 8 lL: ah @ es. AN. LIL es “a q S Vay avy dee. Vw 2 ~*~ cr 3 * .o | Nite oe “7 7 ft a 4 rom @ s. 3 ' ‘GOT ae ae ~ orn rd _f em a to ta tot — ae + * Fev wh? a —_ OL Pad cr e- 4 . f, cS’ of @ * - a Ae Saw a] ianr ‘ _ 2 ‘° € o h - 4 i . y | Sey athe 34427 Peereriod, & . _ .71 , , Oey ¢ 7 = om veo : f- rt i TAN tel SS os et, rg ft - oo" 3 ws ‘ we @ my “3-2 s = —_ ~ 7 ” ~! ~ —_ ~ ~y - .J bpd Pd bd pd ped pl » ae wd pat «~ ‘ “s — ~ 32223 1 bal . your. ws > : ju) XN ~~ ‘ 7 o v, rat mere GS 1” = aN i o 2 t ! WE. nate yt Ps Loous Li ETL fo -etale Vata on iit amt Metin wtaticon. ¢ ¥ SLL www ww om owe ww em ewe ee ee ee a ow a a 0@ ow 2 oe oe oe ee em oP UD a strebece recorée. on saure. bisrlacere-t cf yrrp, Velile x x 2 Re tee FP ns rr “y, wc —_ “ “a? ms 7 5 POe0 ZX Cl = 608 sinllons lost by clip. ~ 4 f v- 2 _ ° 7 4 was * . ° ~~. oy ‘ v C ” > ~ ‘ Le @ mw as f “ALONG ‘ ar SEVOL? e : .* . s €? ~~ . - ? _™ ._-. ” 2 or ae . Lceerd Prom .¢cporag'iaVwi1.| evpstation, . ~ ‘FS wes —) Ton ee a . d. Ys ee ee * Ay s Letc. wJours ian. Aw Ws Juresd in u.cllons. . ’ a z s ~ e ps “y we OCH AYO Ons “ e a) ‘ t eye one ve . ta of ‘ f J re af ? CCU EN aN SS ow é ae , wy . yo Y, a Brg Oe a4 g C49 PEN oy 7 eT eared +t e of An 7 wr ~ ~ , wot em eee ee 2408 6CC Total. @ ° - : ft T.: w youre « ae 2 eeta er corms 1Lvania uLstati one , ‘Vee 9. .* “. , ~ 4 vi cetoccr of Ur LTlinauers a oo GD GD OF of 6 OD 6 6S Ee F® 4D CD OF CD OP O88 OP G® 4 2B 2D Ge a o® dep §$rehes, » °° ~> ' . $202 retin OL aw VO8G 8) OD a08 D> GD ah © 6D om OS 6® 2B @D ae GP OD OD HS ow a 68 WH 4 FO ah OE MH © ow om 332 aD = ob Lis at - * oe ~ Y : BeEPS..6S wey idle aD a et GP OE = GP OD GF ot & Cw GD GP O68 CFP C8 OD w= > Ce ob GO oO 28 oF Qe & ae aD aD oF an L8 Uy a fi. rlacerent ¢f liuryp. eellli“w 4 KX Li KR 44 EN Ber La, EON entters, tx OT] re si Gllowarce of 0° wan rate for alimace. SR TSO a oh = LL saliocs. OTR ae OUT IR LES ds meno vot hore coe my Perm too Farti: na tatututione Lisr ether ef ot Lin ti Pe ame e- eee oe eww ee en nee wren J Inchcs. Laveth O97 Ctr eacewn = amen wn neon ween we nee )7 ” —trolkees NOY [1 . eememwww ener ew cow ee - mewn nee meen enn " 2 10 Tt a’ v8 GED CED GEE GREED GED OD Ce > PED 8 Ee CU SP ED OR 8 EE OF 9 DO OD 8 8 oe oO 8 > OD Oe 0 a SS 8 OO SO we e lritilo= furs. Lieploes. ont. r “7 . 7 Nev F e- im a a e Je q- s- Ff x -.' wy " > a) Zz eC er, ne rANt “gL q rw “A POU 2 uf 7 . a. ’ whe Slir § = 4, of FOr xX Ch = Ter ealjioers. TEC wm YT Se or eo erg rer Ye This ptetieor mre ter kheovrg rar Gevythorceferae 744 VC ealttovn Ls (oa emt reerec per try ‘Ver roe. peop Pew ot otationce Po) RCE 1 mre ee ee ee ee ee ee eee em ewe eee! PSD OO rd. a eye Tye we CY, xt ene oe GD GED Om > GED 080 cere wae GP wm ee AD oe we EE ne we ee eo me Oe Oe we Om ome we Om om =e OE we 7] Om "eri. Dee Oe CO EP OP Oe me ED oe om 28 68 OD =e ne em BR we me SE ED we we ee ee we re ewe et es oe a me ® LS. atm te we IN fercumt ror comita per cur, l Py Poa —_ (: - ry erlla Peete serene a *N *% 77 me re ~ tm yg yt OMS : rc: ‘ 2 ota toon e LHe mselts as Pound cra avtts onticteetors Por «2 cif ettuated as asmoiv; to. Ag nm ejtr bovine g marwilanion an sentior 7 bancies, €5 callons ror capita ecuid Pormiss an write @upete ol oeiochaw fa reams Ceo tl Se dsccwibe soeviv Prem their am wills ani .ckth wetor ociclires. :ut bo must £2 aieon boim fa tin teat tous teatougc rep am tee aprkrsy toc veatlor bein: mite calig,t ceoP ore ato rie: Dill Wocre warinm: “a leh gurror vontra. wot. wily evoaliiy of t.o valor ig one of tic most inv-ortant tories in investi ctirn5 to sasep curply of a city,anad it is of e -_ ~e”q veer rt ox yee GF my, Tin Tt Te é 4 Ware ‘SC - — =e oe. % ak oF 4ase wae ‘Loe The qualitics of water that ucers are most intores 11 _ od we bn + Tv ot te a) : oo - eT geo ae * » £ 9¢ 1s 4.@ + Get ky. wt , re. @ a cen gem ms fat ve. wd T + oo "oS. “Os ~ t+ 4 as eae et eee 2 GD PG DOM ae o ae "ant “ } 24 - NE eS 4 ~ . @ ~e gt S net ° ae ‘.¢ ® _* 4 ° + *. > Poe ON alg tet toe ac "te e & wed ata & =e 1 - @ "OMAR ng gw an wow me ey mere oe a yw 3 Nast wR eX “ A¢ ¢ iP on ° mene 28 ek 3 an o. gh wele & a wud & OR we. SB Mtr Ue w~! & . a wh bh 8 ~ Ne wy ate *~ ’ Soe e, ad ~~ db re 2 2 9 Ww ers = “ft ve ory . o aria ye 4 «> vio Ww é "oe foe Ve ae 4 4 yee wre om . "w.- ° a a i pA * . . © he * eal ae ae ‘ope 3 . [ ee! Or. 3, ‘ * : a 2 9 : ~ « rieway hele sy o pee ae TF . ety A got Azad oe eae -* eT te iT Sey, mest ror ™ yy ~ . a qe. 4 - ama ‘ . * a . - ‘mee fan A b. - 4 id ~ Ca ~ . q > -- tf, . 2 e@ eS Te wey Ue FY cory tt cota Hee ee decpem 6 ge. hy mea Mm m1 gt ¢ i. 2" "a" Arras , ty bw t tee bh te eo er ae 9 coe - gt uw eww -;" wo he lem we ele 6 Fa leew we A eo 8 & a . ” 2 . 7 eo BR we. oS vt 1 7 ' t- . *. . ¥ ova . 7. of: pow ay er. ~, ? oe am, ™, p . wy ’ 5%) - yy ~ ro : 5 df noe ete ‘ Po mato § Fey. 4 c o . . 3. _ — t _- aoe oe) a os .. wee .t ° nr) go ad c t . é) % .. o - . : mk ro rr "ge we * ° . “.. a : “” a 4”. & é . ~ ° wees yr “or qu ” vf T° . wan G , _ WwSZ% -y . er? 3 fe. , {- m~regu Ss tw 7 . s: ide we ae 48 abn Pe seme ee tt ook ” , aw *¢ eee f a o e Geer so 0. we & - ade ‘ - Law ~ -% 4 a bn ae 8 ue om le eye 8 os "yt 7s ee eo a oe a , a qr ° m~ 4 a | od * wT $ 3 2 @s 2 2, _ or a . ® ee . ? i ; s~oan > no 7 om . tr ro . »: e eK ‘ ” ‘ a eure j o2 {uty - co “ee te be ja. 4 e : wy Ss ‘ wy .- t 5 c “43 ‘ cat gS i + et - ea se awe. a ; -. 4 : - * ey a ye a ea ay 2. . va x :¥ a . er pe hk owe }; aG as ape 7 : oO, =m hee wy . a) Sa he ae i toe . ’ _ ‘|: if d. rT °..®6 oud os “ - . <* a's oO . a“ * if oe §- tha evston co that Patr condfttortc slieulat pa ormetoowtth, One ws. ee .-,? & ay “— ¢* -, ™ a a&’ “ 4 me tt ay spe yg Per at -3 O gm crbyres os 1 Ayo. . ' eygn “y Pw i wie * of aa Was . cote Cc = a & Nn ty ats aw ee . ‘ « 1 1 . ~: a | a « Cc ‘ ao ef f mm . -- . oc yes 4 4 QR OTe f 4 et “ f “5 = = , te f, o- 1 4 eo ereg , . ~ 2 me és .. a a : : , - . msg et Pe 4 Bossoge eyteicy Davee. eres + . vyerd se j o rey e . wy Coa wv a £2. a ertedn | €5¢. S @ei' -. ” ? . my uf ’ : v7 - Pe,” a,° » ae em a. my “, €-. , . , -. yt ~ . wy a Fy Koes a. wr. ‘ . warn & “ “ 1 OTIS 0 Larne A OOS, “2 le wou Ga Ow tw’ wk de we le Brae . C. 4. eo ra a" rd rel ‘ x ¥ ar a 4.@ Pr gs es $ - OP iy. ew ay S . ‘ V ~ ~e pt o errmerring,. LTte at? rinctiver?723g is emoclinoct. PgQmp6UAm owes AB Aa a> wpe 8 ew ge Se Boe & aye: 2.2.2, eet prnirge 1 . .- . art Jittie Crecseive teetise Pt wecettetratope So op Piper ore ged » ¥ * " we aN ~ gh oa gt ant i a Yr be <7 Neat tee tee 2 ara tow web x £ la ct wee a net e149 7. 8 as °. a wn - er an 7 _ > wS 7, we peter Prem cacs wella verte mye ro ert q o4 em, & es 4. & Os” r7.y a om o- © Sd Soon ~ yn. “ ery ca eC Pre ctori sts cn ame r if 1 a = . oo ao * ¢ ap et oa '~ vote de - 4 we es a. el he * ey -, . , 7 we: ers ¢ "f * t. i . @. oy +4: awd Fr . > ’ 4 a te 1 Qe . os rm ~”. wa tet Dye shabloaw veolis. Vevedin os. c O of - . oh ate te fou the oe we WS + AD on altaormrats layers «Pf raps a7 drremviocun raterialbec,ecr rac: oes a a - 2 t- Pe ee | . . - ei get _— a and aro supmliod ty the ratigell emormet mtooent OT TD. Ag a rule tie wator from such wells is practically storilised by a prolonged and siow process of filtration. A viowsl serve, can scarcely he mace ce? t-9 catc rent aroa,except siere tho coolc: f4cnl staucture ef 1 -: courveunctis territory is is Imaimm by cuto.nescc ovrveys. jnd a bacterial anelysis of tha a water ly rcervesly neccecary becuvose rroloried Mitraticn COrVivec tle wetter of bacterial 120. A ci—ical excrination de j2sctteally all t:ct fs neccsrary, ert this 13 to 2otormine te amount und chcracker of tne Aieclvod rircral ratter. fneiveis of City seater leliactse at. Sit: Osttel. Uclor Mois. Cdor Fone, swmecidity; are 29%, GEE ert “SOO. N, dG Se PEO vas Onia ae t as /ibuciacus irsionia << oe Parts - BS citi tie rono o fe “StS ioce Noane. ner Chierire 400% Oxe7-en Consumed wee TE Pailion. niles i mo Pee a Paytsry eee mms oe pial (am 4 ,Utca «Cisua oie nen inn Pe sacteriolo:cal imalysis. Golont 0 por ‘Cc. Be c:04) 22) wnenwameewace: 1, " * Av6 6 ue Cats ine obeietnas aden ee an e S VOt < tivo: Veais 2e2 2.0olis UE SLEGUCLESN OC LACTORE Le 12C—-- = 190M0. 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Oe eee : , erect et Vree oe. wy . cr. . eure hee Crud Mer wl et, aw IY a of Soa yic 9 ,: a Loe ee eke awe’ “ ve 30 a ue oe - wae -< ’ Ooo . ie 3 ha 5 % * : ae Y 3s” : ” + 2° . “. ooh vs . -~“ a rm! re we ry ys t . oon e a we Y . . ccU”% “ . . «3 wo iy red st 6 j Net weet MO ete 5. meth ’ aad w-d yy acm 6-6 whe ee a me od T:) wsCOo Sg ry cy 8 n. . ~*~ 4 i oye ye . ere ae “ sept e. - a} 4. - PON tens } : w we ey NN ’ o ° ca “~-: Sire ry tet . o, owe? , . a ne ~ ms. 5 a - be 8 we X Sy hud. vale, wie dé. + tee ow ee te de oD aw aw > =~ me OS Liu. t a ta: ta 4% oo YUAN ae , ae er ~~ @- -« .: 6 _. - “~ e 1 Notes WRIT ee ™ a oe ere me th Dee, das re re 2 Sedat a eat ‘ ; - a & We . . >> & 7% ww ww why re t ‘ ‘ a’ Po _ tu S)lovin:. Cc Pint thay ao Tero un proves da. oomermmed it 2: oarnic Mey tha cendianoie em rpocectd ag the ch de carey rroas eae go moe)? coe Fo thoat VC omeur bijyroble Ute ote reo nbea mrtg f7 soattean epoou of to gwia tire ea buce,sntel ltars dsm rmeouwrely pte letleec in ane Ge, “ene eo aah y- 7 f+ Q - Ne aon ote 88 wm 8 sé woe ava Pty wens: in tig Hasan: sie? ocrart.cnt are t).5> Rate .t covelcriuswit in the figs Liy tin; limes,ara in a level a ¢ e . oe ~*~ te % ee ey 4 - ef owe yoy oe } - = ~4 . 4. rr ire . , f . ’ coe 4 ‘ e@eitwee 4 wah XY ari nd we ew oh hw y+ eS “<8 Shee ee wt ‘. ete i) 2.Q vO - Age wer th Us ; Se ee eS “ - a 7% 7 FMA SF ., . - ~ eo ... 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XQ. ™ . om. = e. . uae. ot . - . » ®. . 4 , « wen: a ) ' _ Ln . = oo. ¥ te os y ~- 7 e% wie 2 AA eee on aes $v-.-l . . eo. ne - ou? “ . . . “ e 4 ° “4 ate a belli Fo, 6 a an 4% ~ % “ ‘S . - . “‘e - . po eee ek oo t ..- “ > e . ‘ , - . ‘elo. ” ” '» ’ 4 4 x. + . e. * >: Coe rw” . 7% ‘ . oo. a . ' _ + . : s Rae « - ~ “ v . 6 % 7, ow , LA am ve ' - > a tyres 5 . ' . a a , * 8 “ *} - my Pe > , = . *s - 8 i «Oe om +! ee - a” * —_ - . - =k 6 "8 i soe me -~ _ . ‘ ad _ 8 a tL ate te .s = °. a2 — ‘ . to - ee = wD we ‘ ‘ “ a eo. . * °o - yoo ‘ - . . -_ ar . * ~ “ - .. . : oo 7 cea oe ¥ 4 “sg a ay "Ye * . rr io} tlcte . . oe oot ep ta ¢ an ea Soar Roe - 6! ‘ « © » @ tas Cha. aot oe é ij 7. ge ow ‘ te-. ell a . . ar 8 - j Crro ds -f = an gt t : 4 ~ a - °- 3 er en fk a 7 «:%. se fem e PN - , 1 ~o . £ wake wheat en we sg fF > . vv. ¢ a-n af 4 -_ he a a od wa - a . "i. “ ~ & 2 View of imrprovin: it. aos ot $ >» 1+ - 53; + Sern fan - TF eet ~ t Soap, TF - | Lf Jv OO: falda x@) Vk me i.) 2119 © 1. Beet be, nh a 7 eo 2.07 .@ e Jo ee. ~ wo e . en * 2» a . . ae . . Loca saw YY ON CZ mets | LG TT OG IO : and Canitol. mm ..,.2 c, ~ wis. DS New wwe een mw F Anohcs. oe r, bee mg yt Pe Nye yt S Paget ig - be ee et vi diy . ' alt os id had & } Nd ae —— ow hitat\so hb, ot ® vf can ce dt , 7. Of! 2. poene i a . De eT MOBEEE GAZAL MEN} iZechare? in cvaltlors ‘ ~ * 2 m r = oe ~ ° td , - - ‘ ° * ° ~~ . " , bu y - ‘ oy 3 ss rN. 2 L ‘fr w: a. * - otk t e ¢ «f + cd _ “ ‘ '¥ MIi4t6 “” a | os Y we 1 4 if 4 "a c "7 t “8 ~ t- ets de / «6 - 7 @ =m ~, ue -- os) o | 4 \ # vt] sve P “~ a on ons ae ‘ . ‘1 . 3 -- Sa] t° ies are mete ae 2? e SAarges | r 9 + 4 se , ~ "fr x, ¢ ~~. 4. : . ‘ ? r 7 " 1. oF: , Ve sony cos . ~=- ‘ele : i” ‘= 5 +t | 2 J “ ry oo « e ‘ . e ~~ ° . 3 a . . a - =) oe LOGiL +1 fy} Oi aw. ee a° 2. vaAT > + e av rq } mse or r sum / ¢ e ‘- , i. oy 2 1 L120 OT CCl eww newewens CTC UNCUT, € 2 - ee ‘fF 7. . ae ’ “4 oe, ~ . e 7 . ~laec of Be Br Pidleeee 5 Arc’ it, - tee . . # 3 - ° sy ~ oe & °, ‘ T° 2 a, Ligne oh, eORGle “Omnie oenerbes Mfechartes Gn ool. See 2 - ? $ .. .. 2 z- -- oo eneag on Soot aimes oo. bavces Siac brwers. reece, tC forut ia / v . . — oe ; my 2 7 LTD Dt. PU avemtarag yon 4 wer _ , i ™ - it rye 9) 1 eNO eo ~ © ‘2 ao: *- at ‘ ' aL im - 7 dt 247 4 *, . et -> wwaytee ae : # ., - east Cane OB GO Sl oe I ye Cl oman vies. aoe ( smear as at LB bebe e vor rere Ai TaN ete get Pe : oe oe ee ad, . HPS gL bine Mey eae. ere ok 1 , “Li re Dogs 24 % ane] 12 ® porrviat3 on : Neo ade Se —_ S/d s 8B * . ar ” ~ 4. - - ¥ q - re --m . on s ~ = 4 =. - e , ™ ” ”, --« 2 hoowesuyaetaon oP Livcines hac Goer voor rerls a7 crmerth - » . ’ a : < ~ 4 ’ . . . . . ." . - sf Aan » Bop Ue hoch tow ovoces ol Cluits Covelor ow vnte bis is snom ? wae eas) rah. ao BP ret ya ly Tee mm NT ES oe ." ve Le ' ase fo) TO be te Oar wu vrata & al ww. ‘ye eg a <- iw u ’ we 3.3 8 7a. °' * - . west a 6 . > . . . : Leos 4 fo 4 \ La) e er Y. : swt cturins raab i wo of wt Pha pe kee Gaby veded ee 2 Lee seb fl ww FE “) ° 8 . ’ . ew . . . ~ q. to. ° 9 . oe “ - “4 ‘ 3 oy 5 a? 4 “—— j=: ¢ tw “eo +) 1 Y UG YB tt Ve. 4 Oss BL, to ea bay ce ee eee . —_ ~~ + « a. - wos owe Ca a2. m™ Ae: OY E7)) PEA aed 4 enue +) eee a anal pte a By... é. —~ - ” t ~ = be 2 4. ~ ~ soo. a3 d. Cau. eC 1G Lae UM. GO & 4-- - : .-3 = 2 . 4 t Git, tence Gb vila an @ wie. * o - e @ jo on 2 4 w~ ! “ -~ 4 ‘ vo r. . iw . a7 key oy ' l "bo. A ee « bet. fe?! A fe We - te wed. zany: oA a4 tine : a i, . te as > beg oe C B10 ur Cran De eExtenrior ar to tine will lievo ¢° toa brett whthin D0 7%. fle Obra 8 vary chert SD ODP wotom ucatom ei ow PTT be acy Tiedtad weteor etry ot toe e@tts. argon Fete toege edvitione will atcoo nmeceusEte2ea the ererat gon ef ext levine gts t . Pec Per foeis ey does meri ye ee te Ot tr the remitrod rrecmpe Per cage MOEUVE Geyser opsi ie vor Pir. vaiate ction. ware tergicov neert bo Cons rit’ fie viev er Durty or mtvioomy,y teat fo .Lopoe Tuterols gieulbi de beta ow lier ili arr te ube @eirumbutime oyccem tlhe ancues cf water remiuired res J wean ds ” j ~~ acces 71 0 .~ ¢«:° “ ars Hn 5 -, 4 “ ¢* 5 t ~ se rn * owt} 3 } Aware 4 Ta 79 tame bFet ou. tote we erate Gt -~ o- New N u Af ee dora ‘9 ¢ ame win we . we af «7? o we oa! cite, hee oem uli 7 Buch reine wee. coo row sy bnew To in toe a4 ee pt ates OL a Cha ae one wer 2ombiud i cuticle eS WOULL NOrtg oyGio PR ov Lanotn,: Ps aneneieted whisr Lie AVHLC oTonb srotectbuln sy tea et by a ebur ater em. bt, int boatue oto reclors et thiboarard ars arrainten tor it. weap an) coriirocssd by tis omocsth. sip ex rinatorier doo arrecioet Gd conan your Gop Qorseploa eh shire ovearmg. oi cc obo tdin: doa serietic mene revhiowyooyl geopyon wi tliat ocovy a - lew 6 »- @ .2o2 Ontiro poy ePpdyeod lee Mos water certs 2a stem dg ONG IE DEO ti. et Ol uD tas tevied uns ita efiaavcirs or by thio Glo ord ovceirh tem woghe puter ge wait. ’ounditoerm pet. bes hbocn cat Lit. belo me DPellowe. Annual urmetored per year, (Joneral furrcced. ) f 1 4,60 & 18 ds cavste 2 ap ob a> at ah a ov > OD OS ap a) a CP > OD OD oS OD aH aa aD a 50 waitin cold by reter rates,thec cost is: wee gallons or less ------------- 4° per thousan.. TO COM pol.tr FO C&O ral, awn mw nme 17" ® socee #8 ise con® Cll conf " 1 %0 COCO £211oOns anannn mn nen nmwe wernt os “20 uso ov roters shocld to estallisheda esrecilally in c eyeten of tis sort as rani‘dlly as vroe.cibla,as it ig the bpeot Possible manner to vrevent wasts ¢c? water by co!surmoers as well an malbing a uniform expcnso,t::e consumers pavine fer tro WALCP they UB06 In Bansires tha use of mets:rs is esrccially desired,as +t: survly ef water is linitcd,ani gh sculd te uscd ta te boot pos .1blo rafimu,. binanccs. ahe money with which t2o0 Lansing syvstcr ras constructed was furnished by bond Lesuo inrti:s sprins of AF E5 whon the cyston vas or:canizcd. “he oririnal borded inadc-ntcdnoes was " an ¢re.00 . OF e this indcsbtednoss,tbond:; to the value of = 75 CCO havo ratured amid pcoon rata out cf tho earmitinis of the syvstern,leavin= bon?’s outstandins te the aneunt of { FC COO unraturcd. she construction accom: ux to June 1.12°3° «78: sabn plpe 11nc,71 NA1ES. mnmammenren-nneee °° OO FOIA] CEQ service connccet) CYNE wae ewe eee enw nwo GCr>OBTO Cr: 2925 19 liz cy Fatate 8 DOD GD SU OIF O88 OR OD OD OF GED OF BD ©O OD OO 6m Cm Om OD OO 6 oD 288 on OO we = a tC 1 Cr” rr e 1°? Puzos,etc OA wolls GD GED GD-4ED OED OD SEP CD DS EE GR 6B GD ED > OO OF OF OF Oo 68 SE FF OD OS 8 SB Oe ae oy M22Q C8 Tota] -----= Fry OFF ns A cons ive Gotiraut: o2 tho value cf tho sveton would be Concluinio. roinvesticaticn we Tind that the vator Gyotom at tho precont time Pulfilils the resvircments as to qualit:, but the quantity is an iter wich rust te ecannidcreda ecbeifly $n tee Purtizcr ceveclercrert of to. Lerrincs ivetom. Ag wilio. by the conrumpticn eccalt with iv this toesis, that tAo earmount usce per corite curing too errirs ronth emounic te ¢° callons. “his arrvevnt falle witrin too acount °° tual .GOU aulLoritics Elacc in seot rractice.but it 1s very S probable t at to Maximum us.@ @arins t'.e curmor rénths s ould approach 1°0 vallonsa per Sve amount toot chucwid te eurpljed is two tinen toe avera.o conowortion plue tee maxicum fire acrvice de nc. shis maxicur is never fulfilled as the rresgure in tho ovtivins Gistricts drone avein. tic heavy censurrtiot pours co that tho Corestic serviecc is oxeatly irmeircee,to saz neothin= of the rossible Tire demand. c This fonture w? will atte rt to discuss by te sur cestion and criticisg: of tuo wlé rot ofcs of L. provercent. ~ . 4°. a I. $ & th ~ r. wae Lire fe too ingialiication cf Piss ypreacure pystem a: - d.sisned by iosciors &....co and i}.C. Jlis,in t:cir 1911 Thecis rerort. (tis s’sto ao cecil ned ag bein: now under considcraticn by the Lansir . “ater teoxwd, in This hi,zh pressure system is to te installed for public use cnly,and to water to re pumped directly into t2:0 systom and cram cra:m from the dead Kiver, «nich would be an inexhaust- ible supply. Tho use of this system would greatly rcduce the demands upon the present syster,the supply fror which would be used intirely for dorestic purposed,time savin; to the people of Lansin:, thoir present water surply.fcr drinking and cooking, ab 1% could not be improved in quality. the installation of this system as now proposed is to be laid by layins it first in the main busincsas stroets of the city, as a neuclicus,and b7 cxtonding a small amcunt cach vear, cradualiy completin; the systom. In tho wuilding of t'.e s7ygten bp t-is method,it rolieves the necessity of incurrin- another bonded incebtedness, es the cost will be covercd by the earnings of the systors and by screcial tax,which would te relieved by decreased insurance rates which would surely follow tLi:e installation of such a syster. The éne sorieovs foulé of installing such 2 system by small picces is that in ell probability, tiat unicss carried cut under the @irsction of ana onrineer,it would not be laid in accordande with good practice. By this we mean the careful censicoration and locations of princ‘rle rains followed by laterals and the dise tributin,, cysten which would give to the city the best possible resujts fcr the loaset expended acrount,whoreag if the system was entirely laid uncer properly executod plans and snecifications: 4% weuld @-rcaéfatcly releave the prosent situation and become a scurce of catisfeaction to its users. vr 21 : ° e e . 2 - ‘ 4 4 = 4 ‘ CoS & : + om . ma 4 oe. 44 -* nr be £ a y: ° } -¥ a” 7 >: $f Fa oS ea acret 3 c¢ o ad ok. ee e see * e 4 - -w . ‘ ° - . . ao een &w. |e ood tT ee * . . . ‘ - 4 v oF . . . - . . . « _ °° i" t _¥o- on eo ’ °° ed “; eve * er ad one wc + a é ret we =a - . — = st ¥* a . . fy “~ va ° WE: SMe - « . \ so. . 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PF x Buy BY ee . .- a * : Yn A 4. * . 7 ace Tilt tion tlant wovla be built in tyro rarta. ‘the first cr gwivertiaticn rlert, to oo-pemute all 3 lid ratter Prom heaowateor thet woocld temd te clas tis: Pilvuscr toelis. 2 use of a conculent worl meceoserily boa calle? Por te ecslicet t°< suenend- clrattur sre Por soft rinses tee tatenm Ter Cove stig rerrcess. : . ” \* q ~ 7 oe = In the auvecsation cf mich an imereverst sa tic filtration & “ - ~ +e. a. = : : a ylant,wo tate into considscraticon trcse dtomes Lt weld to a rerreroant mir. wee ‘y O oo B) ~~ “3 os) !+ N a4 i> ede ’ ae a ?- & - of - “ Aw, - 3 . deo % wd ‘ ! @ » 4 > > a | fu ry a] ons 4 Ww r~a 3D » @ > & ' “ efticitcnt as nessible. t * - ew . * om ., Sa uco of eatiefattery water tor cll purcos%s weld be HOCUPRLd. Eno eyaten would wade ton losast corrliccticn rocsibis In iio rresornt evstor thore are saveral criticisms to he maces “Ne rort rroevirent is Toe nmewber cf a. aco omwiis centain-ed in tC gvetor. ho rocular croas lateral rien socts to have been "> Pacey de 3 Pose og po ye LR ocsanlt. 7 . - Tollewoc.oute -ne linus are memely oxtorila alon: a olreet as Tar were oar St aAmRD An: oe a ee ae =~ wm--# a ve - 4 f Ge nh = 7* AN. 9 a” . 3 +. _.- r ~~ oF 3: cllie ef Xu -. + ‘ag r a 4 Leow 6 .- e ae CoO Via ormcd oye &* -y rye eo Yer 7 “7 6 OM a ee ee, 24% We ~ a .c uy Of a ‘,! 1 1 rio we ies x . a , Caan ari -a lus WS d-- 4 ro © Von ~ abe 1 1 oN oo ts! i aei ly ® 4° et 3 os : = . 7 woe 1 - . I . -° . 7. 4 Belr GO ga ob Mev Dee Hey wy ta sboote ry oweprns: to tre : it 7. ae, vom ot . correcion ar woe dyon maine. oY, 4 “- , ‘ .. 2. ~ 2. es tao e . . Pe dace” ata enmionetes of tl) rrocimt system is ovite - +. - ~ * * ' a*. a. . “e- -- 7. ome fae . we ¢ - aryarentesra Trev] s 0 es nD tp aorabtoo mosrdesly ta he vested in & es =, = mo Mm 4.% mm bic omoreyr ab tars af rr APPL EAI c, , 3. we .t . sm, ana . : S loa tat A EP ey EAs tian ef 4): ator is brow br . ~ a 4. 7. m, et it < ~ ~ 7. . _q_ we 2 . . 7s . ° —. q - 7 ~ : - ¥ 77 . ¢ Mre otrietcis. pn oserepariwetea aveunt je seotemired ho rosoordg at tho rain station,but div checlins their d2ta,wo found tat errors must nesessarily be introduced ty t!.o non-rcco osmiticn = a a. ” oh | weer - yn oe MOH RES ‘4 @ ad s a a - Be ake ve o = & ~ . . - e?! t : . + ; . + 7 ote oF ~ ~ oe weak 4 ¢ . * os “ br . . . . ‘ . * r Fos . wr woe ° an) s oN UG aye a ‘ a “ we - a7 e 14? e? 8 _ - & ~* @ “6 s o ~ ye og oe 1 ye Sas med Gi poet iy — Qvoe R® ¢ & ° > LIBRARY Oo, BiGSAARS é oy, ‘NOE > MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES iii Tae eee RR RSE RE RE RE REE EBERERAEREEREEEEEEEHE # (‘= — oS. ‘= => en p sj , - -——,"; = w= SS, =—_ = SS 3 1293 03071 2958