THES! wi i { | y } ENGINERRING APPLIED TO POWER SALES. Being the Analysis of a lfodern Engineering Application to Central Station Power Sales. Thesis for Degree of Electrical Kngineering. Emerson Allen Armstrong 1922. THESIS » ENGINES RING As PLIED TO POWER Salis. In a recent technical editorial in the most prominent central station magazine the thought is brought out that the development of the industry has passed from the period when the technical phases predominate, to the period when it is a combination of technical and merchandising problems. The following discussion is written with this in mind. Although much is written in currert magazines and books about different phases of power utility work, little can be found which brings out the relation between these phases. It is possible that some divisions of the central station organization can do good work without much insight int@ the methods of other departments, but certainly all can do better by knowing their co-workers' methods. In some departments it is necessary that the fundamentals of all divisions should be understood and considered. The Contract or New Eusiness Department is one of those which must Inow and continually consider all sides of the many central station problems. In the power sales division this quality of knowing reasons for methods used in other departmnts must necessarily be most developed. It is thought that an analysis or the methods used in power Sales work may be of help to young ensineets, who expect to go into central station work, in bringing out the relation of the phases, both ensineering and commercial. 93791 Re The attitude of present day central station manage- ment is to gell service. Yhis is in marked contrast to the Older and practically extinct idea of selling just kilowatt hours, as the grocer sells a pound of sugar or a dozen ergs. Good central station executives know that their business will be operating just the same ten or twenty years from now, there- fore are using policies of selling and delivering their service which will bring the greatest return possible over a long period, rather than methods which will bring the largest immediate retum. These policies, however, are limited to some extent by unavoid- able conditions. For instance, the present impossibility of ob- taining sufficient funds, even for making needed profitable ex- tensions, is a very severe handicap to the operation of the cen- tral stations of today. The idea of selling service is a constantly expanding one and has progressed steadily Sines the first central stations began to furnish light at so much per lamp per month “from dark- ness to ll F.M." One of the first steps was the furnishing of lamps at little or no charge other than a hidden charge covered in the flat rate... At the present day, rates include advisory lighting, power and heating engineering service with the elec- trical enerey sold. On superficial thought it looks like poor business to supply engineering advice when it is evident that many such recommendations will tend to reduce the customer's payments to the company.e Yet very few, if any, methods of get- ting new business are as effective as this very one. This brings up the question of why central stations maintain a cerps of consulting engineers, under the name of 3 power salesmen, in order to give free and more or less detailed engineering service to their customers as a part of their policy of service. The present tendency in all modem progress is toward spe Ccialization. It is like large quantity production in manu- facturing, in that the larger the quantity the lower the unit cost for the same service, or the better the service for the same cost. As the utilities have grown the result has been better oncineering service rendered at the Same cost or less. Next to continuity of actual electric service, the greatest advantage to paver consumers from the consolidatins of Small systems into large interconnected groups, has been the engineer~ ine service mde available. The majority of power consumers would never go to a consulting engineer who charged directly for his service for the following three reasons: first, if is not generally real- ized that such service can be bought; second, many feel that the services rendered will not yield a reasonable retum on the cost; and, third, that they actually cannot pay it as a lump sum. The economics of these charges are of interest. Con paratively few, except amons the largest separate consult ing er- ganizations, can afford to have a man for electric power engin- eerine clients only, so that a man must divide his attention between this and some other tyre of work. Where the clientele is larzce enouch to keep a groug of men working on elactric power application all the time, so that there is no division of inter- est, the ccst is still prohibitive for a large pe rcentace of any central station's power customers, as the proportion of overhead 4 charges increases very rapidly for such service as the size of the load investigated decreases. The importance of this item is emphasized by noting that out of 596 power customers having Over one horse power connected load in and around a manufactur-— ing city of 50,000 population, 207 had less than twenty-five horse power, and only 42 had over one hundred horse power con- nected load. The unattached organization must charge more for its overhead than if it were simply a division of a very large or- ganization, and its charges must also cover dead time. Most separate concerns must ask for their fee at the time when it is most difficult for the customer to pay; that is, when he is just making extensive improvemnts, before he has started pro- duction and has a recular income therefrom, or at a time when the product is costing "too much" and he must cut his expenses, as many have been forced to do in the last year of depression. What small charges there are for the service from the central station organization are Spread over the time of production as a very small amount per kilowatt hour, which is thus sur- prisingly well distributed to the different customers. A small consumer has a small consumption while a large one uses a large amount of kilowatt hours, each carrying its share of the engineering service cost, thus apportioning the cost in a most equitable manner. The actual cost per kilowatt hour is very difficult to determine for it is combined with the cost of protective inspection and obtaining new businesse Both of the latter would have to be na int ained if no consulting Service were given, aS will be discussed later one 5 The central station ensineer's interests more nearly coincide with the customer's than mw the interests of engineers for concerns supplying machinery and other equipment. It is quite natural that a man, knowing if he advises against his con- pany's equipment they will lose this sale, should hesitate to Say any word that would eliminate that prospect for at least the normal life of a machine. An instance came under observation recently of a utility engineer who advised the use of 500,000 cir. mils cable, but the contractor advised the use of 400,000 cir. mils cable because he had it on hand. The central station wants the customer to use their power to his best advantage, for they expect to serve him day after day and want to sea his business grow as fast as is reason- able. They are more interested in his growth than they are in his cresent purchases. The central station must maintain contact and super- vision over all loads as they are taken on and periodically afterward to prevent loads being connected that would serious-~ ly damace the service in Some section, or possibly the whole system. The most usual danger from this angle is Swinging loads such as hoists or spot welders on small capacity lines. There are many other uniesirable loads, as poor power factor loads or other loads where the income will not be commensurate with the required investmente The changing conditions brought about by constant improvement in the electrical art demand constant adaptation of new service rates, so that the central station must con~ stantly be on the alert in order to be ready to give and equitably charge for any new service as needed. This work of keeping in touch properly falls to the Contract Engineering Department, for it is there that the interests of the company end customer meet. Being an employee, the pover salesman has the company's interests at heart, and is at the sam time the customer's best reprusentotiva in the organization. Every customer who is taken on at equitable rates is an economic advantase to all other customers served by the system. First, he increases the total number of kilowatt hours used, therefore croduced and thus reduces the production coste Second, if he tends to increase thes load density he decreases the unit distribution cost. The importance of this item can be noted in the rates in the city of Chicaz0 compared with the rates in the immediate surrounding territory. The policies of tne two utilities serving these territories are the same, yet because of the greater quantities mmufactured and the greater averace load per Square mile in Chicazo, the rates are lower there. Some idea of the amount of this dif. . ference in load density can be gained from comparing the annual peak load of the two systems divided by the square miles served. City of Chicaz- £500 kw. per square mila District around Chicaz0- 14 kv. per Squara mile Even if the above advantasss did not exist, the assistance siven to sales by the maintenance of a Contract En vineerinz Yerartmont is enough to warrant the expense, for the making of an engineering report on a customer's plant not only affords the best o¢portunity to find what possible uses for pover there are, but establishes a much closer relationship betwoen the company and the power user, if the negotiations and report are .roperly handled. Equitable rates, mentioned above, cover what many men have put years of study one It is not only a question for the Salesman and the bookkeexer, but a moct important one for every cantral station man to consider, as well as every citizen who is interested in the development of the we of electrical energy, which from now on will be one of the important elemats of our civilization. Rates that are tco hich will retard the use of electricity, but good service cannot be mintained if the rates are too low, so the result wonld be similarly disas- trous. Rates should cover the cost of the particular ser- vice plus a reasonable profit. Althouzh "reasonable profit" to the company has been much discussed, ruled and repeulated, the hardest, as wall as the most important part of rate making, is to find just what the cost of a particular service is. It would be easy enoush to find the cost if only one class of cus- tomers were served, for there would be only one variabla, as there was when liehting within certain hours was the only use forcurrent. The fuel, labor and other variable charges per unit were easily found, as were the fixed charges fer unite But as soon as service was given for other than those certain hours, the question of the proportion of these charges between the "on peak" and the "of? peak" customers began, and it has become mre complicated evary year since that tim. Much of the progress in rate application has depended on the instrument available to measure the units on which a part of the rate dependse The old flat rate where the charges were so much per lamp per month, was used because a reliable kilowatt hour meter could not be maie cheap enoughe Whe reasonably reliable domand meters becucxe available, rates with demand charges becare more porular, and when a suitable power factor mater is obtainable "power factor clauses” will become a fart of the usual rates instead of a theorye Until it is possible to meter all variables, it is necessary to assume or disrecard the unmeasured oneSe These variables csn be divided into two classes. One o2 thease represents onerzsy cost, varyins approximately with the number of kilowatt hours delivered, as coale These are sometimes called "enersy charrees" for that reason, and they are the ones that chanxe for the same load, depending on the hours operated per monthe The other class covers all costs that vary with the demand: that is, tha costs necessitated by the company having to te ready to serve the load at any time, whether it is evar used or note This includes such items as interest on the money invested in all equipment to serve this customer, interest on money spent for power house, generators, transformers, lincs, etc. another important item included in this class is meter realirng, bookkeeping and billinzs costs, for these costs are nearly the sam for all customers. This last class is also partially cared for in the "minimum charge" of the bill. Few people not in the cantral station industry realize how far this development from the old flat rate has advanced in an endeavor to establish equitable rates for different tyj;es of load. A business man who uses several hundred horse power told a power sulesmean recently: "Your Company stands 100 per cent high with me um I1 sm satisfied with my power costs, but as to understandines your contracts, no one in the world can do ite" This feeling is due to Some extent to the fact that many men who are accustomed’ to ficsurinzg in horse power and horse fover hours are frishtened when they saa the terms "kilovatt" or "kilowatt hours." Other reasons for this fesling are that there are very few industries in which the detailed costs have been studied so carefully as with central station industry, und where the :.rofit is so low that any variation in cost must soon appear in rates. The fourth, and protably most important,resson for this fsalins is tho seeming predominance of the cemind charges, either under > the hesding of demand charges or under some other heading not so obtrusive, such as where there is a hizher rate for the first siven number of hours use or some such stipulation. The fact that interest on the necessary investment amounts to 35 to 45 per cent of the cost to the carntral station is the reason for this predominance of demand charzes. There are fe. incustries outside of the public utilities in which the actual amunt of money invested in equipment is so large in pro~_ portion ta the income. It requires ap¢roximately $5.00 invest- ment for every $1.00 per year of electrical income. In other words, while the avera;:a erocer may tum his stock five or even more times a yaar, the central station can expect to turn its investment only about once in five years, or, as the srocer would Say, their turnover is one-fifth against his of fivee That means that interest on the investment is twenty-five times more impor- tant to the central stations than it is to the avora-e crocer, 10 which explains why the demand charsos Seem hich to the man who does not realize this difference. With this great impo rtance attached to the interest Charges, the central station mist not only recognize them in its tariffs,but any methods that will keep these expensive invest- ments werking lonzer hours cer year, or comparatively decrease them, is of tha utmost importance. This can be done in several waySe Increasins the pover factor of the load is very effective. A problem recently invostigated will make its importance elear. A transmission line having 20,000 kvea. transformer capacity at both step ur and step down ends, which can be sa*ely loaded to £5,000 kv-a. (25 percent ovarload), now has 21,400 kv-a.- at 60 per cent power Pactor ,oak load on it and ca take on 3,500 kv-a. additional load at 60 per cent power factor. But if the new lead has a power factor of 80 jar cent, 5,970 kveae can be taken on, while if some load at 1U0 ¢er cent pover factor was aided it could be 5,650 kv-ae- In other words, the transformer interest char-es would ta the s ame fora load of 3,600 kv-a. at 60 ber cont power factor as for a 5,650 kv-ae load at 100 per cent power factor, or 2,000 kv-a. differencee Using $5.00 per kv-a. of capacity as an estimted cost for the transformers at both ends of the line, the saving ofa pe, 000 investment at 6 per eent means a yearly saving of (1,200 interest. One way of reducing the investment,which is within the control of ths esntral station, 1S >y decreasing the reserve held in readiness as standby and under repairse A few years azo électricel machinery and stcam turbines were not as reliable as they are today, nor were there many lar;e interconnected systems 11 which afforded the possibilities of temporary help from neighe boring plants. Then it was considered necessary to have at least 30 percent and mny times 50 per cent of reserve capactty over the maximum demand for any cenerating Station. lMany systems now are operating with only 18 or 20 yer cent reserve, which means a reduction of one-sixth of the previous interest charges on generatins stations where such saving can be applied. As the averace size of aquipment has increased, the decrease in cost per unit of capacity has tended to help de- crease the investment fer kilowatt to a great extente This is explained by the fact that the price of al kKv-a. trans fo mer is practically one-half the price of a 5 kvea., or that the price ofa 10 kv-a. is over one-fifth the price of a 100 kv-a. The increased use of electricity has required the manufacture of many more units of equipment, which also has assisted in lowering the cost by enabling the use of larger quantity pro- duction mthods. The pover Salesman as3ists in lowering the cost by incregsing the yearly load fuctor on the system through the ‘addition of more consumers. There are few manufacturing plants whose load characteristics are exactly alike, so that, as the number of users served increases, the combined load factor tends to increase within certain limits. The gravel pits, stone quarries and other outdoor industries are all summer or "off peak" loads, which use the same generating equipment during the summer th.t would be required to carry the lightinz peak in the winter months. This really means that the investment made necessary by the three or four long-evening months light- 12 ing load can be put to use sarving th3sa industries practically all the months thay vould otherwise be lyinz idle. The presi- dent of a middle-westearn utility recently brousht out the rro- gress made in this direction by stating that ,during his con- nection with the business, the portion of energy used during the winter months had changed from 80 jer cent of the yearly production to 53 per cent, and that the load factor had changed from 20 per cent to 45 per cent. If loads can te found to use Service only at the times of present small use, they can be given “axtremly/rates, aS has beon done by the communication companies in nicht letters and other special ni-ht rates. Load factor is considered in the customer's rates in that the screater the number of hours use shown in their higher comsaumption compared with their maximum demand fives a lower net rate. No discussion of rates is complete without mention of the present methods of rate making and comparing them with some of the previous methods. The old franchise m: thod was inadequate and unsatis-~ factory for several reasonse First, it was inflexible, as rates were made to continue over a certain number of years without resurd to changes in various cost conditions. For example, ths cost of gas manufacture increased and the cost of production of electrio- ity decreased during the past twenty yearse Howevar, both suf- fered during the reign of the franchise nathoa, for in the first case many companies ware ruined, while in the other the mainte- nance of the price curtailed the usee Second, in most all casas the franchise method was administered ty mon who had little or 13 no experience and did not give it the study necessary to equitably fix rates. There have been som cases where a type of cost plus a pereentage plan was used, but the result was similar to the war contracts on the same basis, where there was no reward for efficiency and the same percentage of profit was paid on ex- travagance and waste as was paid on lecitimte co sts. fo do away with such conditions the "sliding scale" methods were tried, where the profit increased as the cost to the consumrwas reduced. This was only a way of dodging the real issue, for a basie cost and profit had to be determined before the method could be applied, and they were subject to the same objections that the old franchise rates were. An additional trouble with the above three methods as actually practiced was that the governing bodies were of . too local a nature. Several of these troubles have been reme- died by the forming of state commissions of one kind or another in most states with power to revise rates cither up or down, if, when and as necessary. This makes it possible and, in spite of politics, probable that specialists will consider and pass on these matters to the best interests of the public at large, taken over a period of years. | These state commissions have had two additional questions to answer besides. those of dividing the charges properly between classes of customers. They are the ques~- tions of what is the real value of a property, and what is @ reasonable retum on this investment. Both have been sub- ject to extreme variation in the last ten years. PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NORTHERN ILLINOIS. General Office: |) , Illinois, 72 West Adams Street, Chicago, Illinois, and the unincorporated contiguous territory. SUPPLEMENT No. 21 to SCHEDULE No. 1. (Electricity) I. P. U. C. No. 1 2nd Revised Sheet (Cancelling Revised Sheet for Rate “3B,” Regular Power Service.) Rate: maximum demand. Prompt Payment Discount: Minimum Charge: Standard Riders: RATE “‘B.’”> REGULAR POWER SERVICE When When When When When When When When When When such such such such such such such such such such Determination of Maximum Demand: portion portion portion portion portion portion portion portion portion portion is $ 45.00, 50.00, 100.00, 150.00, 200.00, 300.00, 400.00, 500.00, 750.00, 1000.00, Applicahle to contracts hereunder are shown hereinafter. no discount. 10 per 15 per 20 per 25 per 30 per 35 per 40 per 45 per 50 per 11 cents per kilowatt hour for electricity used equivalent to or less than the first 30 hours’ use per month of the 6 cents per kilowatt-hour for additional electricity used equivalent to or less than the next 30) hours’ use per month of the maximum demand. 4 cents per kilowatt-hour for all electricity used per month in excess of the equivalent of 60 hours’ use of the maximum demand. Whenever the portion of any monthly bill for electricity represented by charges at the 6 cent rate, or at the 6 and { cent rates, shall exceed $45.00, the Company with the following table: (Intermediate discounts will be determined by interpolation. ) will allow a discount from = such cent cent cent cent cent cent cent cent cent The maximum demand is deemed to be a certain proportion of the kilowatt equivalent of the rated horse- power of all motors connected in accordance with the following table: Where the installation is under 10 horse-power and only one motor is used... eee eee 85% Where installation is under 10 horse-power and more than one motor is USed.........cccc ccc ccc eect eete eens 75% Where installation is from 10 to 50 horse-power, both inclusive, irrespective of number of motors............ 65% Where installation is over 50 horse-power, irrespective of number Of Motors... eect eects 55% 1 cent per kilowatt-hour from the portion of any monthly bill represented by a@ charye at the tr cent rate, provided the bill be paid on or betore 10 days after its date. 50 cents per month for each horse-power, or fraction thereof, of the total rated capacity of the motor, or motors, or other apparatus. connected. portion im accordance discount. discount. discount. discount. discount. discount. discount. discount. discount. Date of Issue, May 5, 1920. All changes are indicated by italics. Date Effective, June 15, 1920. Issued by George R. Jones, Secretary, 72 W. Adams St., Chicago, Tl. SUPPLEMENT No. 20 to SCHEDULE No. 1 PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY (Electricity) I. P. U. C. No. 1 OF NORTHERN ILLINOIS. 2nd Revised Sheet General Office: SC) » Hlinois, (Cancelling Revised Sheet for Rate °C, 72 West Adams Street, Chicago, Iinois. and. the unincerporated continuous territory. Large J.ight and Power Service.) RATE ‘“‘C’?’ LARGE LIGHT AND POWER SERVICE Alternating Current—Low Tension Rate: Demand Charge: X3.00 per month per kilowatt for the first 30 kilewatts of masimum demand ino the month. $2.50 per month per kilowatt for the next 450 kilowatts of manxinum demand in the month. $2.co per month per kilowatt for the excess of the maximum demand in the month over 500 kilowatts. I | Energy Charge. (In addition to the demand charge. for all electricity used.) 6.0 cents per kilowatt-hour for the first | 1,000 kilowatt-hours of consumption in the month. 7.o cents per kilowatt-hour tor the next = 2,000 kiowatt-hours of consumption in the month. 2.5 cents per kilowatt-hour for the next = 2,000 iiviewatt-hours of consumption min the month. 1.3 cent per kilowatt-hour for the next 25.000 kiiewatt-hours of consumption in the month. 7.0 cent per kilowatt-hour for the next 70,000 kilowatt-hours of consumption in the month. 0.9 cent per kilowatt-hour for the next 400,000 kilowatt-hours of consumption in the month. 0.8 cent per kilowatt-hour for the excess consumption in the month over 500.000 kilowatt-hours. Determination of Maximum Demand: The maximum demand per month will be decmed to be a certain proportion of the kilowatt equivalent of the rated horse-power capacity of all motors or other apparatus connected, in accordance with the following table: Where installation is under 10 MP. Conly one motor) occ ec ceccescceecee cece canes ceseeeertcesetiseresnesesssntessess 85° Where installation is under 10 H. PL (more than one motor) ooo... cece ccc cece cccecccenscteccsceeseecevsstersteeseaeessersseeees 75% Where installatic: is from 10 HE. F. to 50 H. P. (both inclusive. irrespective of number of motors)........ 6560 Where installation is over 50 H. P. (irrespective of number of motors) ...0.....000000000000 cee 54 The Company reserves tke right to measure the maximum demand by maximum demand instruments, and the Customer shall have the right upon request to have the maximum demand. determined by maximum demand instruments. In case the inaximum demand is determined by maximum demand instruments, the maximum de- mand in any month shall be the average number of kilowatts indicated or recorded in the 30-minute interval 1 such month in which the consumption of electricity ts greater than in any other 30-minute interval in the month : provided, that in the case of hoists, elevators, welding machines, furnaces or other installations, where the use of electricity is intermittent or subject to violent fluctuation. the Company reserves the right to base the Customer’s maximum demand upon a 5-minute instead of a 30- minute interval and to require the Customer to provide, at its own expense, suitable equipment to reasonably limit such intermittence or fluctuation. Prompt Payment Discount: 3 per cent. of the total charges for any month when the bill for the month is paid on or before 10 days after its date. Minimum Charge: 50c per month for each horse-power, or fraction thereof. of the total rated capacity of the motor. or motors, or other apparatus, connected. Standard Riders: Applicable to contracts hereunder are shown hereinafter. § a Date of Issue, May 5, 1920. Date Effective, -June 15, 1920 All changes are indicated by italics. Issued by George R. Jones, Secretary, 2 W. Adams St., Chicago, I. CIR tT deb ake 2 wl hae cee rit as Od) eS) a TItqd }euUu UO OT JO YUNOOSTp MOTTY puswep wnututm y-)-oae6 28 cee ee © olen "4000 Ey ek) eS aoe we a UdUM ZSutseyow uotsudy De hat mee Cen Poe d-me.e ee , TItQ 39uU UO %C JO 4yUNOOSTp MOTTY SES t- sve cob a -heh ee MCE Rae cal Prt TT hd) septsegq * cog “UBL *OO8g eG OS mi he Rte ea | *AON AOJ JYOSOUUCOSTG } "cog *uBl*Oeg *AON . t *A*d g ¥F USOMIER| Peet he acto) Gt) Sema el qo *d*y QOT go Aaysnp. ee Oe Colo) hilo. e-em oh — : STIIta savek [too souwtTeq Auvsseoeu TT¥ysul cuotydwnsuoo x, Rayer MT Deol l etl a ett 8 a uoT3BeTnNsea ae) ae uotiadunsuoo ¥! eseytoa szemod ATuO PROT SUTIUZTI peyYoouUOD! SEED Uh De ker eae 8 Me | ped LS ha Md 8 4 a 4 UNwTXBW *A*U OOT PROT azemod kh mee ed are ek Ooo aS ek Se com ek ThE ne a2 eotades fT euy Butptaoad jo 4800 en 20.17 tlt ha Fe Wa jee JO 4TWIT ST wnwtutw qoerqyuo0o a0 "ad MA LOS itr aaa as ae Ree es rere oe a-ak Bee) eee oe wouy peATedea spung | £Tu0! seoanos eTqeytTueyo, Pile ame lParam n ale ee he = petty Peet tT has yonup 4 ih CSC haa Re. has Petr Es Me t-) ae 40827U0O FO*TU *My a9yeedq yINoOAITSO 4TWIT peo oe ETB O 82 8 Ae) nututm | / rate Lowa oe L ——— - oy Iemoysno jo yusweutndey | i eI FE tik": gotazes ATddns [{tw oh ae Gr a-bok eae fle) : \ Zuowenray “y uoszswsz (T) “Segara snutd ‘eoyases eee g | aod Cite T T a ee al i a ee egress Pi - ’ PP ae dob att mao) ustugnj 03 Jewoysngo *pewuojysgueayun *O*y sasn PED oe Sto Fc Me Re lalolst Eda] 138) ee EUR aD t-t60- ew ystuany 04 Auredmoog *pewsoysuemyun *o*y sosn sae e,\ q Pi} toL e beto MP chet MC Rs hale laE 8 da] e0TAJSS | asleoh Gia h-hh Sie colo) oh Relone Cloke. al e rs aemod uo Zutyusty gv aapta eotaues Auesodwmey CRS CBSE Les Chm eee atten et) me eee a rer: Ba-loL Geto MPa o Met Mea clolot-B ag . *uoT4 | ee VOSS 1's ee) Pee et 2 ae o}- 0 A Pa-\foh O- belo Mea 10) Me Ge bolelol-m aa) ie Gleb ewe oe Me Code kD ot Rohe a Fo sre occa a quvaqnvas IIA aw ei Lit4 aa as ee lh ee a ea ees 20 re \ ees 7 ° ;¢ . t= = fey ay a ~ SET my Re +. a co - eg i . . : F — = . od e . : ‘ 7 7 aww ue PJucayqgeasy “y voeseoag =) - £ 4 # Git ; _ A ~~ ae CS * - 7 : ; / ' - 2 90a | UOTSUGR MOT *O*Y —dnoY, pe_yoouuocostp syquow | sok Tondo] -16 ae So) «| Feet te eE-bO aR GOOF eke Me olel haem art Pee at Me eRe MOS) Mek eS ee east] 99 SE: oe Past hell > crt TO a7 eee ew SPT nS Fb) lel eh Pte ee ‘ 4 Fheh eels ee 04 acters : ae %0Z 20% SCT atwtT ABM "0D *S “d : rin ST 0% OT *coq *UBr aor $0T °% 20 ‘09g ‘AON UT “Wd OF-8} rah SS8T JO ¥ec Poe et: -) Ce ems yy hoo Ro / : putwep wnuyxem AT ave | sezaeyo Parl 3° #0g TOAO JO pu! ; puewap uo Zutanp -op unwtxew ON *S°U OOT) “9° Pate etorot ae rehea ait -16) Ah Mn Reet el are 2 es) re) SBOTAIOS ANOY PSeYTMIT IT1LyY iP to Cole e208 2 ae ; / ustudnj 04 aemoysno 198303 Sdewsr0ysueay ystTuany *pemzojysueayun *O°*yY sesn' “OT JO ZUNOOSTP MOTIYV La ae ® aoe) eh ee) fe) Re yioh Otto MP a-ler MCR hckolol haan me : Ent AERA 8 hl 4 : cae ile TE EEC SER ATSCS 3s RTC) etl haem ag nil Pak ra Pas B | A SPO ECP EL &) Tita uo "AQOOP @PACQR ST PST eT | / ustuanj 04 fuBeduog re JO 1UNOOSTP MOTTYV ia if Meee cD E-) ae R etek *pomzojysuBayUuN “O*y soesn “Giewzojsueay ystuang a Cih a Mae tl me Pee cee eee) 1 ra) . Iemoysno sxeyuM JuNOOSTG 1x en ant! oe Boe kes) Akt 7) MEET? OEM An, hh tlh Sse i od RS a . *coqg ‘uber ‘°08g “AON 5 betes gem a "4900 sUTAND *K*d OG-S *F F : eonpear jou 890g) ee T-) a-Ree Beto eR ako moh Gat 5-36) : a eS Ek) eet eee Sle 4 4 Coho Pee 2 ee ele a pesoxe yOu [TT o48y -oyne ZuryZavyo 10J pesn T | | ce SC hh Oh Sn as OR. ’ | *qeuq °UBl°OegG*AON*3900 But / unwtTuUrTw —Inp°’w"4d OfF-S F F USEMIEC z } eonped 140u seog) | PREP sal Meola] sme SG : Bai Bk Fi & : SeTTQowoyne surszaeyo- : Fhe Peek Seek Oe ae | peeoxe you TI[T™H# re JOJ eFBrBs OTTQGnd ¥; T . Gora -—-Zueyo O9Ne ANOY peLYTwty, xT ’ - ; 4g “ rarer memes ame i, 5} | : 5 : sioR ae oi) en Sat hele) ; Re ioh Ol lems aM Get) TP Oct 1) er ae O71 | Iepty ho IPB TE NE utn) ATddy fucaqzensy “*“y vos seang _— ~ — . > a x [on a Y a # + 2 7 t 14 The general aim now is to consider the value as the cost of reproduetion (diminished by existing depreciation) of physical property actually used to serve the public and add reasonable values for working capital and overhead expenses, such as organization expense, engineering and legal expense, taxes and interest during construction, etc. It is well recognized by the commissions that the return on the investment, to be best for the public at large over a number of years, should be as low as possible yet be attractive enough, yield and stability considered, to obtain all the money necessary for properly financing all needed ex- tensions to eare for the growth of the community. The company whose rates are used aS m example in this diseussion, pride themselves on having very few power rates. They have only two actual power contract forms, called "Rate B" end “Rate C", bgt these are modified into different rates by fourteen "riders." Mention of some of these riders will perhaps more clearly 411ast rate the various requirements. Rider No. I (see table "Riders") for emergenoy or standby service asks a guarantee of $24.00 per year per con- tracted kilowatt of maximam demand, for it requires practically as mush investment to serve a customr who uses it for five or ten hours while his isolated plant is bein# repaired, as it does to serve the same eustomer without a plant of his own who would ase a good many times as much surrent. In opposition to the above condition, rider No. VI recognizes both the daily peak and the yearly peak, giving the 15 customer a liberal discount for staying off the daily peak, ani, in addition, waives the minimum for the yearly peak if he will stay off the lines entirely for the peak months. This is highly desirable for sugh outdoor industry customers as stone quarries or gravel pits, for it is during this time that they must close their plant because of weather conditions. The company, on the other hand, does not have to increase its eapacity or investment in turbines, generators and distribution lines, for they are on only at the times when this peak load capacity is not needed. Riders No. IX, XIII, X and XIV are other types of Poff peak" variations where the customer gets various consider- ations for limiting his use of current in different ways. The theory on which rider No. V is based is not so plain as the foregoing although it is the same, but stated in the reverse ways Firet, it limits its application to blocks of power of at least 100 horse power, and, second, it limits the lighting (natural peak) load business to only 10 percent of the power or long hour business. In other words, the company takes the - 10 per cent peak load business te obtain the advantage of the "off peak" business. Riders No, VII and XI reeognize the costs of trans- formation and allow the customer a 5 per cent discount if he assumes these losses; and if he will assume the interest and depreciation charges on the substation equipment as well, by owning them, riders No. VIII and XII allow him still another 5 percent diseount. The moral obligation of every corporation operating within a territory to do its share in maintaining charitable 16 institutions, as hospitals, orphanages, old people's homes, etc., ° is recognised in riders No. II and III. Phe"Temporary Service" rider Noe IV is based on the idea that the standard contract rates cover certain installation costs whem spread over several years of a normal contract. How- ever, when a customr uses the service for only a few months, it is better to let him understand that he is paying for this accom modation of installing ani remving equipment separately, than te have his expense averaged with the others and thus raise the rate to all custemrs. Sales policy and rate policy are inseparable, and both mast be contrelled by the contract derrtment of the central station company. In the direction of these policies the broad~ est type of engineering skill and the highest class of business ability must be wed. Otherwise the central station industry will be seriously retarded, for it is at this place that deter- mination of policies and the information of the publis as to these policies, meet. The development and understanding of fundamentals and policies goes through a regular sequencee The progress of any truth is more or less the sam up to the time everyone accepts it as a fact, in that it progresses from recognition by a very few gradually to universal belief. load factor, power factor and eonjunctional operation are three subjeets which today seem to represent three stages of development. The importance of load factor is known by all central stations, Most of them have maximum demand rates, which is the way load factor ie normally recognized in eharges. 17 At present a very small part of the industrial world outside of central stations understand&the importance or even the meaning of load factor. The pablie will have te be informed. Zhe seriousness of the variable, power factor, is ree cogmised by the larger companies. Some are trying to use rates considering it, in spite of the lack of a reliable meter. But many eompanies, and most of the pablie, do not feel that it need be considered. The publics and some of the central stations will learn. Phe future eleetric service system will be looked on as the organization whieh must avail itself of all power sources to deliver the cheapest possible power to all users. Therefore, although conjunctional operation of isolated generating plants with central stations is frowned upon by most public service companies at present, it seems that if the industzy of the future is to fulfill all of its economic place, a broad policy on this question will have to be established. Ail will have to learn what the correct policy is. WRITING AN ENGINEERING SALES REPORT. With the foregoing discussion to establish an atmos- phere, we can analyze more in detail the methods used in selling power. Like the old English recipe for roasting a hare which seid "first eatoh the hare", the first thing te @e is to catch the customer. Again, like finding the hare, many times finding the customer is one of the biggest parts of the job; therefore, every method of finding a possible consumer should be used. 18 There are only two sources of additional load other than new industries which establish new plants in the territory. One is the increased use of energy by present customers already on the lines, and the other is the taking over of loads which have been previously driven by isolated engines. Perhaps the easiest opening for the discussion of additional power uses is when the customer asks for advice or engineering service. This can only be expected of customers who have in som way previously learned that such service is gladly given to old customers as well as new or prospective ones. The most usual lead is perhaps the high eurrent bill complaint. This is given attention by helping the customer to obtain all the benefits of the rate he is on, such as helping him reduce his maximum demand, if this is measured in his case. While making the investigation, whether it is general or detailed, it is usually possible to see some way in which added electric service can be used to the customr's advantage. Sometimes it is added motors, sometimes it is a special heating equipment, and usually the lighting needs remodeling, if nothing else does; all of which, from the customer's standpoint, will improve the quality of his product and increase his production. More difficult to reach are consumers having isolated power sources with either electric or other transmission. They must be convineed that it will pay to scrap present equipment in addition to buying new. From this point on, there are two persons in most organizations who must be considereds the man with authority to make the necessary expenditure and his technical advisor. ~Pe al? 19 For the first, things must be condensed to dollars saving for dollars investment, for what he wants to know is the figures with the $ sig before them, and know that they are correct. He depends to a great extent on his assistant for technical accuracy. These two must be kept constantly in mind in all dealings, as their trust is the key to all progress ih obtaining additional load. Their permission for an investigation is the first thing of importance. Due thought must be given both to the data to be ob- tained and the methods of obtaining it. The conditions of each case are different. They require more or less special treatment to be of value and must not include any glaring engineering mis-~- takes, such as trying to take the power input of an alternating eurrent motor by the voltmeter ammeter method, for instanee, if it is expected to keep the respect of the technical advisor. fhe average technigal graduate's training has given him a reasonable basis to work on regarding the necessary tests, but few have had any real assistance during their college course in writing letters and reports. His training has not had as its object the five C's of Clearness, Correctness, Conciseness, Coure tesy and Character. fhe present literary attitude of the artistix must be replaced by one of utility, with the aim of the writing being to convey a complete idea in the least number of words. As a few high schools are now teaching their vocational students "trade English" by tradesmen, so should engineering schools teach Engin- eering English by Engineers, using Engineering subject matter. The report of the investigation after it is made is usually the hardest part of all the negotiations, and therefore will be dis- cussed a little more in detail. £0 The dietion and phraseology of writing should fit the readers. The engineering advisor can probably pass on the cor- rectness of the investication if only the tabulations and a few explanatory notes are given him. But even he will probably not be as enthusiastie as if it were a smooth, easily read article containing the sam material. To win the confidence of the executive it must be written so that he, and possibly the directors of the company, can read it without encountering words too far outside of their voeabulary. Sometimes the cus- tomar will receive the report best if the style is informative, while for other types of men the argumentative style would be more fitting. The subject should be kept well in mind, digressing only when and so far as other subjects bear on the resalts or conelusions.e The amount of detail given to different subjects should be in accord with their relative importanee. It is no more proper to go into fine detail on one point and merely skim over another than it is to work to ten-thousandths in one part of a problem where the accuracy of only tenths is possible in another part. Reports can, in general, be divided into four sections: introdustion, methods of tests, results of tests and recommenda- tions. The introduetion should tell what it will cover, why the investigation was mde and the report written, more or less of what the conclusions are and make the reader receptdve. The first thing after the title page should be a table of contents with page reference, which is really a short form of the outline 21 used in writing the report. This gives the busy man a chance to pick the important parts at a glance. A paragraph telling the reason the work was done, of course, treats it from the customer's standpoint. It may bs to help him lower his maximum dehand or his current oo nsumption and thus reduse his bills, orto help him find the reason for som peeuliar operating condition that is troubling him, or possibly to show him the probable saving by using eentral station service. A suggestion of what the conelusions will be gives perspeative, for it enables the reader to see the relation of the different points discussed. The introduction should also inelude descriptions telling the location, conditions and processes in detail. These serve two purposes. WMirst, it mkes the customer feel"fhe author has observed these things that I know about and given them atten- tion- his new ideas are probably as well thought out." Second, a reader unfamiliar with the plant is given a background so that he ean understand the following discussions. The section telling of the methods uased in making the tests is more especially for the technieal advisor, to show him that proper methods were followed. Many times this part is also very important for reference if some point has to be further investigated at a later date. It should be complete enough so that the tests eould be duplicated, if necessary, from the data given. The results obtained from the tests should be explained with special care to mke clear all points used in arriving at 22 the conslusions. This division of conclusions is of interest to all wko would read the report, as it is the division of recommendations. The conclusions and their presentation are the most important part of the whole discussion for they sontain the in- formation in whieh the customer is most interested , and it is here that he mast be convinced that central station service will gave him money. All questions, complaints or other items pre- viously unsettled should be answered. The remedies for the eon- ditions ean very reasonably carry suggestions for new uses of electrie service. The conclusions must finally close leaving the customer in an attitude to follow the recommendations. fhe whole report should progress logically to the close in easy steps, each taking up one detail. This smoothness de- pends a great deal on the sentences and paragraphing- Sentences are the smallest unit used and pw bably the hardest to form so that the meaning is always clear. Variety in length, with short sentences predominating, are easiest to read and therefore help to keep the reader from tiring. Paragraphs are each little reports and most all of the discussion of arrangements, etc., of reports could be applied to paragraphs. They should have a topie and have it settled at the end so that the reader my proceed to the next topic with a Clear mind. They should not be too long. Before typing, the report should be carefully read over by someone not familiar with it, to see if all the state~ ments are clear. t ese JUS Se eae = a A = os ay 18 x rm Rees ots : Say = 7 , ‘ | 2 ta * ie = . e Serenver i . 4 9} oe . : 7 5 sie Ag i : = =) - » =e : » = ~ sa ue 7 WT AC OD TT oR ee ee on td 2 eee ae, Sopa fe ae ts obi > ee (0 eae Sa arya, ee ero acre ee " ee od : } /__- : | a L ———retssschassnonfksnasd tel By sig Be eo bied hapunoy ee tte al eee os | _ - our al ae : me - Hex a rr Cid it J P| ad ee CPT) al ; aes os OS _ aa EET ELys) EY ay j Ce Ea 0o%F 2/29S és wae al) ) ay Maia Pee PRESS IMG, Phas as aed P Lee) eithahe A —— —( (84Ry woYaAgi4{eIG) = as 5 TIL) ie i es ier a‘ “A us ¢ a oe a 7 ut Ta . rT Bier Eee a yi CLT ae o/] e-ad [ele i= 4 wea e 40joouadwo Re del Day | , nee es Vo YUIMG. = 4001u7 Bussipp ETS] mek, ES, wos Le ae fe Rola e} Prva Tos ST yd odd Pie | edd Be CLT Ane 1-1: kek dwp} 7 ele A ts la 2P/s 100 PG S59 oe ENE ae ST Tea 4A Pa < an Sy) TT ht edleh” Male bhi CPt, SO Ae due oa 4kyv-a Balance Coil laa me Y CTT mT | main Cabinet a > . x Le! . Cl Ja Mee ao aye ne i To Foundr, y ; | eA To TEE TY a ra Bis va le td Ma la) a 5 = Lighting Distribution Cabinet Steel! froom \ ts ea aed a ol a al el ad TTS, Pa TE 9) DY Ve-€ eM LJ ie CMe Lene) ny 6 ye Sago 7 ‘dup oe eusS af w = MY d LTT Td LIE) TY e OEE TY) ia A Lod | PIILJO © “UOoLy ATA eI Le) ia if Me ff mn LA] a ero fo) fe) fo) oc S) i 2 r or rr] fe ae ae aaa || _2 Q. Q Q 9 ey 3 | /05'x #5 Core Frooms + Founory /#-Z00 wott Jype C-Lamps Flat Cone Reflector Four Circvits “i oleae inarenes TumaLeR Room fe Lea Lee Lamps Type ro Flat Cone Ref/ectror } - Two Circvils. eee Aa a —_— 2 Pre et ype > a? J Cle A La OTT) 4 = db r — aaa 36 wre ne OTEEL lat Tia) — S: - 8-/S0 watt Type C Lomwes TW A.L.M. Dome fre tiector Three Cilrcvils Ese By peme i a ah al dl A 4 f y 5 a / fe 4b rn Se A ° A te< ae ETE FounDoRY 46-200 wait Type C Lamps Flat Cone Hreflectr four Circuits neers i we * % _——— oon, ae , | On Lf 4 | Oo A oO , | Ch ae) - a in, al * Bt’ | iG i i = ee oe ay e a , rere INE SHOP DY Tool Room — ee Fe ; 7 a 00 watt /ype C Lamps J-100 watt Type C Lam Dome ffeflectror R.L.M. Dome frefle Circuits Sa, VAT a Te 7 * CTT Tk Math Ye J2-150 watt Type C Lamps - “i R.L.M. Dome Reflector | pn Four Circuits VIagWs OF PLANT. (Not included in Report.) Fig. 1. General view looking west. Top of transformer rack can be seen over freight oar. See blue print sketoh 2, Fig. 2. Watthour meter, maxicator, current transformers and part of service cabinet. e oe . ee hg , =. 5 ; IP f. the ero hc * vf ony oe ay Re Ne tae Paste eal SOY: SRS Fig. 3. Transformer Rack. Showing tap seas arresters, cutouts, transformers, an service wires. The service cabinet is inside just at the left of the window shown at the eft. ig. 4. Service Cabinet. Service wires come in through large conduit to service switch on left side. Inside of left hand door was spotted with aluminun oxide from the burning of reinforcing hale which oan also be seen in use on sever fuses, Fig. 5. Reinforced fuses on branch: cirouits in service cabinet and remaing of some blown fuses. Due to eae. ceat resistance e2 the several current paths it is almost ossible to estimate the aeeeet? of such a sobssnite and therefore they are over fused, thee loosing all benifit of fuse protection, VALDUTTD ED 4 AVY ett PVA TET LEE TLL su HULL - Pig. 6, Machine shop motor showing belting to line witch box on column by punch press is shown in Fig. 7. Outside distribution center looking east toward Steel Room. Size of these wires should be increased and installed in a workman like manner using proper insu- lators, oross arms &c. Fig. 8. Machine Shop motor awitoh and fuses. This Sere of makeshift usually burns off at the erminals because of poor contact or vibrates loose and the aro urns the wire off. This has caused the loss of many dollars worth of productive time on this one motor, Fig. 9. Tumblers showing how dust suction connections are made. Overhead track system carrier is also shown. Fig. 10. Sash pulley body facing grinder showing suction connections. These castings are dropped into slots seen in the conveyor belt and passed under all three emery wheels. 22.22 Fig, 11. The Battery of Emer oe sac eee showing dust hoods which maintain the suotio load as long as the intakes are open, Installation of sheet iron slide valves in these and tumbler suction pipes would have solved nue of the high ourrent cost complaint ig. 12. Dust collector. There are several scre and a ietes motor in this housing. The air is drawn through pe s.eenee before going to the fan so no dust passes through e fan. Fig. 13. a pew et. in foundry. Slag festoons oan also be seen on the wires Pig 14. First aus of the gros? Hanae Now used for a pattern shop. Date on insert stone 188 Fig. 15. North Roener es. This and the core rooms of similar construction were built within the last year or 80. Pig. 16. "Fuses" and switch in oupols blower circuit. This type of fuse does burn out so often for it is copper wise. oa neither does it proteot the motor at all. Due to trouble in obtaining good contact the resistance in different motor leads is lieble to be considerably different, thus causing unbalance. The switch is upside down as cversty, would tend to close it from the open position, Pig. 17, Tumbler Motor and wEyines cue is fed from the pole shown in ". in the court. Fig. 18. Tumbler motor switch, fuses and starter. The switch is upside down. The cutout arrangement is a very serious hagard for the wires are sprung into the old clips andif one wire was pulled loose and short- circuited with either of the others the only Fuse proteotion would be at the service switoh and on the high tension side of the transformers. The renewable fuse links are mechanically very weak. The Sete sees pull breaks them causing loss of productive time. nie: 19. Slag Festoons on wires near oupola. Illustrating why wires should be in eonduit. ; Fig. 20, Dust fan motor wiring. When this =9oer was started, during 35 tests, all meters went high to >a in On investig @auan it was found tha Fhe Motor side was connected to the tina that ie the connections were reversed, As the starter is only an open delta autotransformer connected on the 50% teps this mistake made the starting voltage 440 instead of 110 as was intended. 25 CRITICISM OF SAMPLE REPORT. The title page fills the requirements very well but in Some instances it might be well to arrange the authorship dif- ferently, depending on conditions. This report was written for the Contract Engineer, who in turn gave the original copy to the oustomer, this being considered the best approach té6 this customer. If, instead, the report had been submitted to the customer directly, it should have read"by C. W. Pendell"”, without giving any recognition to his subordinates. The table of contents has been omitted, although even in a report as short as this one, an item of interest can be pretty well lost. This can be proved by thinking of some impo rtant statement made in it and trying torefer back to that statement quickly, as an executive would do when talk- ing to his board of directors about making the changes recom mended. The average person will have to hurriedly read two or three pages, at least, in order to find the desired item A table of contents would reduce this to one or less pages. Paragraph 1 of the introduction is concise and gives most of the information it should, except suggesting what the conclusions are, which does not give the reader perspective that might help to make the whole report easier to read. There are two conditions which would possibly permit the omission of this item, both depending on the characteristics of the readers. If the man already knows the usual answer to such problems, it would not be necessary to state the conclusions. Or if the man might have a prejudice against the whole report if he knew the conclusions before being convinced of the details, it would be best to omit then. 26 Paragraph 2 gives a more definite mental picture of the plant and some engineering data that would be of importanse to a technical man who might raise the question of low voltage, for it states that the substation is only about a quarter of a mile distant. He can almost read between the lines that this point has been considered. - Paragraphs 3 to 6 not only give the reader who is not acquainted with the plant an idea of the processes, but also gives the eustomer the feeling that details of his plant have been notieed and considered, rather than just recommending some of a stock lot of answers. It also introduces several of the most important parts of the plant, the relation of which mike up the key to the answer of the problem in this report. A mistake was made in paragraph 7 in that the trans- former bank is located with respect to the "Steel Room", which is just as indefinite. This ceuld have beem remedied by refer- ring to page 2 of the blue prints and wuld have giventhe reader an idea of the general layout of buildings which he needs to en~ able him to understand the description of circuits and motor ap- plications that is to follow. Mention is made that the trans- formers are connected delta-delta, as that is an unusual con- nection on the lines of the Public Service Company of Northern Tllinois, which generally uses staredelta connection, and would therefore be of interest to anyone considering the plant service. Paragraph 8 could have been enlarged upon to some ex- tent, for the eonditions regarding "reinforced" fuses had been the cause of many shut-dewns of from five to thirty minutes. This item figured in dollars and cents for idleness of pro auc tion 27 labor and equipment, while the trouble was found and repaired, would in a year ge far toward paying for the installation of the modern equipment. This fact was brought to the customer's mind by a little mental figuring during the @iscussion of the advisability of making the new installations recommended in the report. If the whole plant was shut down ten minutes a week for the fifty-two weeka in a year, with thirty men, it would mean 260 man hours per year, or, with two hundred men, 666 men hours per year. This, figured at fifty eents per hour, would amount to $130.00 and $433.00 per year, respectively, or a fifteen per cent return on investments of $860.00 and $2,880.00. Another item worth noting in the same paragraph is the use of the word "reinforced", describing the condition of the fuses, instead of the trade vernacular, as "strapped" or "jJumpe red." The reader's mind must not be bothered by the use of terms with which he is unfamiliar, for he immediately con- cludes he cannot understand this article and loses interest. This also applies to the use of unnecessary technical words in parts of the report intended for the manager or other mn in- terested who are not technically trained, although, of course, it does not apply to the parts meant entirely for the technical advisor, such as test data, eto. Paragraphs 17 and 18 sum up the cause of the complaint, therefore ths cause of the report as far as ths customer is con- cerned, and outlines the problem the investigators have to solve. Paragraph 19 describes the tests made well enough 80 they could be duplicated. It should be noted here that all three 28 measurements are likely to be of interest in an investigation of this kind, although at first thought it might seem that the wattage readings were the only important ones. The voltage readings are important, as is shown in the results of load tests on the cupola blower motor, where the line loss increased to eight volts as the load increased. The ampere measurements were not of particular use in this case except for getting the approximate power factor, although in another investigation made recently they were the most important, for readings appeared too high on the first phase measured, as did the second one, while the third was normal. This led to loeating a fault, whéch was wasting nearly thirty per cent of thé power input to the motor and making a serious increase in the customr's bill, as it was a 100 horse power motor of long hour operation. Paragraph 20 suggests a point that no doubt has a small bearing on current consumption, in that the motors are underloaded and are the refore operating at considerably lower efficiency than they would at the time the full operating force of 200 men were working, thus inereasing the comparative losses. However, the loss due to change in efficiency was very Ssmll compared with the waste due to operating the auction fan under exactly the same load with three men working, as it did whan there were twenty to twenty-two men, for the same suction area was open. Installation of valves on this suction system alone would have mde an appreciable reduction in the customer'a cur- rent bill, if nothing else was dons. The conditions mentioned in paragraphs 22 and 23 are not surprising when it is realized that nearly all the buildings 29 were erected at different times, the oldest having the date 1889 on an insert stone, while the last or new building was erected within the last year or S0-« The recommendations begin by suggesting to the ocus- tomer that, besides the actual causes of his complaint, there are other things, the redesign of which wonld be advantageous to him. He was not told how "poor™ his present installation was,but simply that it could be improved, thus maintaining his interest after he reads the answer to his complaint. Paragraph 26 tells why the consumption seems con- paratively higher than the previous year, so th complaint is here answered, while the next two paragraphs assist the cus- tomer in remedying som of his troubles by suggesting methods of reducing the kilowatt hour consumption. The large fan oper- ating with all inlets open practically all the working time was no doubt the biggest item to be considered, especially as it had been added since the full force operation of the pre- vious year. This customer has a Bate C contract with a measured maximum demand. As his demand never runs over 85 kilowatt 8, a meter known under the trade name of "Maxicator"™ is used. This instmment is equipped with two movable arms. One, the "pusher"arm, is notched up one point on a ratchet every time the watt hour meter makes a certain number of revolutions, and, through a cam arrangement, closes a contact. Every half hour this arm is released by an electric cloek mechanism, 80 that it falls back to zero point. This combination of a revolution counter and clock really divides kilowatt hours 50 by time and a constant, thus reading kilowatts demand each half nour. The second am is pushed forward by the pusher arm, but is reset only by the meter reader. Thus, this second arm always reads the highest half hour maximum demand since being reset. This type of mter does not show the time at which the maximum demand occurs, as do the graphic meters used on larger installations, so it was necessary to make a careful study of operating conditions before making any state~ ments regarding the demand charge part of the customer's bill, as in the 29th paragraph. It is suffisient to note that the customer's bill was reduced twenty-five per cent th first month after fol- lowing the recommendations of this report, as is suggested by the accompanying curves of consumption and maximum demand. The maximum demand shows the greatest effect, as would be ex- pected, because it would not be inoreased a great deal until the working foree was nearly back to normal. fhe inventory shut-down is shown in January 1922 consumption. At this point it should be noted that this particular report was supplemented by personal verbal conviction of the customer, both before and at the time of submitting the report; that the fire risk was great if the installation was not up to the requirements of the Fire Underwriters’ Code; and that there would be operating advantages, besides a possible insurance rate reduction, if these standards were followed. Or, in salesman's terms, he had been sold the idea of a National Board of Fire | Underwriters’ Code job by the time the report was ready. Sinm- dlarly, the idea of increasing production by better lighting had been sold to him during the same time. It was, therefore, 31 not advisable to lengthen this report by including these argue ments as might be best sometims. There is nothing unusual in paragraphs 30 to 48, which only specifies Underwriters’ requirements, unless the reason for recommending entire new equipment for the service cabinet, when several of the old switches might have been used, is of interest. If old switches had been used it would have mant that the installing electrician would have had to make all the bus work by hand, on the job, while by using a shop assembled cabinet where machinery oan be used to the fullest extent, the saving in labor expense would almost, if not en- tirely, cover the cost of new equipment. The expense. of having new material and a good installation was practically no more than it would have been.to have used the secondhand switches. | Paragraphs 49 to 63 are merely descriptions df a new lighting layout along the lines of good illuminating en- gineering. This report would have left the reader with a more finished feeling, if a short summery paragraph had been added at the last, stating briefly the findings of the investigation and the recommendations. This report has given illustrations of some of the principles discussed in the previous sections and is probably typical for its class. The customer's mental processes must be followed and directed constantly to make him tmst the writer and his conclusions. This demands the best possible engineering, together with a careful study of character and good business principles. ~8& 32 RECAPITULATION. The following items might be noted in conclusion. The economic and commercial side of central station operation is equally as {mpo rtant as engineering today. The present meaning of "service" is much broader than selling of continuous kilowatt hours. fhe power salesman should be the customer's consulting engineer on electrical problem, for it is the best way to per- manently sell power. The central station is more interested in the customer's permanent growth than in his present purchases. Rates must pay a reasonable return on a fair valuation as a whole, and each must be in proportion to the cost af the particular service. Demand charges are very important because of the pre- dominance of interest charges in central station costs, on account of slow turnover of inwested money. The turnover can be inereased by any means that will increase the load factor or power factor, or decrease the in- vestment in equipment capacity or the cost per unit of capacity. The salesman's engineering report, whether verbal or written, is important and should follow the Same principles. The reader must be indirectly convinced of the salesman's abil- ity to handle the problem, and that he took time and pains to do it correctly. The report must be written for both the executive and his technical advisor. 33 The methods of obtaining data and the data itself mast be correct, and recorded in such a manner that the reader ean check them if he wishes. English that is clear, correct and courteous should be used and it must fit the reader. The subject should be kept in mind and the report should progress smoothly from known data to the conclusions. fhe semtences, paragraphing, typing, paper, binding ead other small details are important, both in making it easy for ths reader to understand and in convincing him that the anthor has given thought and care to the preparation of the report. The report must be simple, oorrect and scary oon viction, as the customer must be sold the advice whether it is methods of use of present power equipment or new uses for power. | fhe letter of transmittal which accompanies the report is the personal touch and should be given careful aon- siderati one APPEN DI &. CONTRACTS AND RIDERS. C D 22—10-26-20 Meter Set or Turn on Order No. Previous Name Address RATE ‘‘A’’ APPLICATION FOR ELECTRIC SERVICE The Undersigned, hore:nafter called the Customer, hereby makes application to Public Service Company of Northern Illinois, to be supplied with electricity for sockets, at the premises (which are adjacent to the Company’s linas) No. - in and agrees to pay for the same, in accordance with the Company's filed and published rate, and to comply with— The Terms and Conditions Printed on the Back Hereof The Company will furnish the original installation of incandescent lamps at its established Prices for such lamps. Renewals of standard carbon filament lamps will be furnished by the Company upon the return by the Customer of the lamps with glass intact to the Company's district lamp room. he Customer agrees to pay to the Company a net minimum bill of Fifty Cents (50c) per {meter per month whether electricity is consumed or not. The Company shall have the right at any time to require the Customer to make a reasonable deposit in advance to secure the prompt payment of bills. No anent has the power to amend, modify or alter this application or waive any of its conditions, ‘or to bind the Company by making any promise or representation not contained herein. DATE. 19___ Customer Name of Firm or Company and Position By TERMS AND CONDITIONS All wirine and other electrical equipment in the premise or conmecting the premises with the Company's service, furnished hy the Guero sich be sate for coe parpeee be reef arb hast toon futained bey the Ca-temer ut rol times in contormity with the rpastotiecuts of tae MS atvetal Boot dof bare Caderwriters, the properly coustituted local authorties god the reasunable rules cued mec aiations of the Cempans in teree foc titne to times, . Vhe Compo sabbneot be respond san danaices forgaoy failure to supply clectricity or for interruption or reversal of the supply, ifs ob fasta dnoerripten er reser bas without willfibeitn dtr meh anes on ata part, he prow ctv sathor ec sbacon sep the ©eipany shoal atallressonat ae hours, hase free access to the premises forthe purpose Of tne ce the Go tore rads Gol et on and of esariiniae, Pepa Or retewins the Company s toetet .Greie pproperts cod forded pb tp tthe Gators ho bon ei aed meget boa danesterd, ifene, @0 pertirtorteh aeoeesa to fhe preiia ca. VTheGau os. pa pers tact the Coppeens st allbnmet de det fora. ose recutting to the Cuctemeror ta thitd persoms from theuseof oot. teoortoue pr nee ot the Company's appaauces lu tue Custumer’s preudecs, unless due tu willful fault or Depleot cn the port ef the Go rapauny. . Vhe Gor osray ebb) ae the ricbt to discontinue all electric service to the Customer on due notice, and to remove its Property fro the Ga tense porn ce whenever boll, forels tricity, ate in arrears and in cause the Customer fuile to comply wilh, oF poor, movoob the cor trons or obtisatrans heres : teh test Ube rn usured boo racteror eters fo be installed by the Company upon the premises at on point most eonventiout bor tio Genius se riser dr depen the rec-teat. nefieas barneter ora tem all bola etd) be eateubwied, Coder Ordnasy ea ote MN the Cor pany weolhar callin the Oa otaer < preticasd batone met reronctns bret of nite rhe Wass, forthe Cou G. aeonuve tir eo teore ft noone metermoroge tuned set ofturters dsado-telicd, (he suvaef there cn trutions sll ingdlbes othe benasg the tetab registration, Phe term “nocters,” ag used herein, includes all measuring instruments gid ee ae four ta, ; Albus ters an Lother appliances and equipment furnished by and at the expense of the Company, whieh may at any time be tines Lpo oer eet wd oot re Sete Is pres iaed bieresn, be and! rona.n toe prears, of thee Cer rou ted vive c mouy om : Customs tate bp. costes chy oopercy groui lo. sordumage, and boone whois not an agent of the Company shabi be peraieied to reosewe or tic poor there oa, . . Nodee to di on tue the e ppl of eloetricity must be given tae the Company's office in writing. Tho Customer will be held rocpoe the dor eb ehbee oer sop iced pep te thas tune Gf fe dsticerrent Of tae nieter, Tare erertiet Moadamet boxer cad sretee woreda Wwitaent charge, pros oled that the setting. of A pole, or poles, on private Propo cts as tia ce wg. Tboe Cnetere pt asrees te pay fer the eu teftaurmishing ane distacin i ervice + ines frous the first pobe Retemprsetegoe, oth tote Castenaraboohiias teyerter wit the eet of fra, hina and set. ne sil pete erected en Preah Prop orts path dies dt tobe pod y Co Cu temer be fer ew hate ana ed. OAT Goer er ond se iscees Wires ais daaag the cate hoaditce to the poi bier a the Caenpen. foterh cod dine a che dd be deenwdeed amd tained at the Ciecomers expepse. blis Cou pan. wolnoetexstemistepriear Pew becom” asd wath the Custer ar eprapeteigeescept at thee astense of the © ustomegr. A tran fortacer, or trae fornier, of suPnient capacity shall be dnens ged loo the Cunupoiw gf pia expeneae at one pom only. Any sdidsonal servtee conn etn or truusturinecs requested by the Customer for bis couveoinco bhall bo furnished and Ipstafled at the Cou tomers ex pene. Nooother elecone do iter pow ec sorviee ehall, except under a contrnet for autiliary servicer, be used tye the Customer on t hoe Batoe tustaliation ln conjunction with the Curspany s service, either by means of a “tbrow-over” switch or any uthe 6 comnecttode Cud ~SUPPLEMENT No. 18 to SCHEDULE No. 1. I. P. U. C. No. 1. - PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY (Electricity) 2nd Revised Sheet No. 1. OF NORTHERN ILLINOIS. . . . For Illinoi (Cancelling Revised Sheet No. 1 for corre- General Office: (FB crn ec teres tr ete errr rteeneceertsertsctserctteser terres en eees ’ inois, sponding Standard Rate “A,” General 72 West Adams Street, Chicago, Illinois. and the unincorporated contiguous territory. Lighting Service.) Rate: dé Determination of Maximum Demand. Prompt Payment Discount. Minimum Charge. Lamp Renewals. Standard Riders. v RATE ‘‘A.”? GENERAL LIGHTING SERVICE 73 cents per kilowatt-hour for electricity used equivalent to, ur less than, the first 30 hours’ use per month of the maximum demand in the month. 9 cents per kilowatt-hour for all electricity used per month in excess of the equivalent of 30 hours’ use of the maximum demand. (a) Where the rated capacity of the installation connected exceeds 5 kilowatts, measurement is by maximum demand indicators. (b) Where the rated capacity of the installation connected is 5 kilowatts or less, the number of kilowatt-hours equivalent to 30 hours’ use per month of the maximum demand will be estimated and fixed in accordance with the table set out below. A. The figures in line “A” of the table designate the number of sockets, or receptacles, of in- stallation connected. ‘(Where the lighting installation has a total rated capacity of 5 kilowatts or less, motors having a total rated capacity of 1 horse-power or under and small household utensils are disregarded in determining the active installation connected, unless the connection is perma- nent, in which case each motor or utensil is taken at its full rated capacity.) B. The figures in line “B” of the table designate the maximum number of kilowatt-hours to be paid for at the 73 cent rate, in the case of residence Customers. C. The figures in line “C” of the table designate the maximum number of kilowatt-hours to be paid for at the 73 cent rate, in the case of Commercial Customers. B—Cont’d.. C—Cont’d.. 1 cent per kilowatt-hour when bills are paid on or before 10 days after their respective dates. 50 cents per meter per month. The Company will furnish free renewals of standard carbon (Gem) lamps. Applicable to contracts hereunder are shown hereinafter. August 1, 1920 Date of Issue, May 5, 1920. Date Effective, Ei All changes are indicated by italics, Issued by George R. Jones, Secretary, 72 W. Adams St., Chicago, IU. SUPPLEMENT No. to SCHEDULE No. 1. I. P. U. C. No. 1 PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY (Electricity) lst Revised Sheet OF NORTHERN ILLINOIS. F Illinoi (Cancelling Original Sheet for correspond- General Office: or...... Dieters rsserscereeseeemascestenscrteceensseacescer ess » Inols, ing Rate ‘‘A,” Commercial Lighting 72 West Adams Street, Chicago, Illinois. and the unincorporated contiguous territory. Service. ) RATE ‘A.”? COMMERCIAL LIGHTING SERVICE Available tor any Customer using the Company’s standard lighting service, for stores, offices, restaurants, saloons. lodge and dance halls, laundries, depots, theatres, churches, factories, livery stables, hotels, clubs. schools, shops, etc. RATE: 12 cents per kilowatt-hour. PROMPT PAYMENT DISCOUNT: 1 cent per kilowatt-hour when bills are paid on or betore 10 days after their respective dates. MINIMUM CHARGE: 50 cents per meter per month. LAMP RENEWALS: The Company will furnish free renewals of carbon fAlament (Gem) lamps. w August 1, 199 Date of Issue, May 5, 1920. Date Effective OOO: i in th te is the only cl f the sheet ane oiled hereby, Cee ee omhy ene rome es Issued by George R. Jones, Secretary, 72 West Adams Street, Chicago. ced fa wh A a saree we awe J? er 7 ~* ond 4; € - rv « - ~- = « « ‘ “ . . —_ ‘ » ~ - 4 - = . e “a - r. we ~ 6 . : - ‘ ° - . - a - ° co -~ ‘ ' a = = 3 a ene ee ee nee gee: wwe tee eee ee ee eee om en we oe a 3 . Tepe? “a ee ne ee me ees ae ee eee ~eww Te ew were wee -— — meee eww ee ee . er ee eee -~WR C.D.97 5M 8-1-20 APPLICATION FOR ELECTRIC POWER RATE B (2)—REGULAR POWER SERVICE—ALTERNATING CURRENT Service Requested ndersigned, hereinafter called the Customer, requests the Public Service Company of Northern Illinois, herein after called the Company, to furnish, in accordance with the terms hereof, alternating current electricity (trans formed to approximately.................VOItS,..........phase, frequency 60 cycles), for power purposes at the Customer's prem ises in County of Illinois The Customer’s apparatus consists of Pp having a total rated capacity of..................horse-power. “Power” is defined as electric service used for any purpose other than lighting. It does not include the running of dynamos for electric lighting purposes. It is mutually agreed, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein contained, that the Porson. shall not be oe to furnish service, under this application, for a connected load in excess Of .cccc.....horse-power, rated capacit The caaowee must specially apply for any additional service. Rate Bar the ee requested, the Customer agrees to pay the Company as folloy 11 cents per. kilowatt-hour for electricity used equivalent to or less chai nhe first 30 hours’ use per month of “the maximum demand in the mont 6 cents per kilowatt-hour for additional electricity used equivalent to or less than the next 30 hours’ use per month of the maximum demand. 4 cents per kilowatt-hour for all electricity used per month in excess of the equivalent of 60 hours’ use of the maximum deman - Whenever the portion of anv monthly bill for erly represented by charges at the 6 cent rate, or at the 6 and 4 cent rates, shall exceed $45.00, the Company will allow a discount from such portion in accordance with the follow- ing table: When such portion is $ 45.00, no discount. When such portion is $ 300.00, 30 per cent discount. When such portion is 50.00, 10 per cent discount. When such portion is 400.00, 35 per cent discount. When such portion is ‘100. 00, 15 per cent discount. When such portion is 500. 00, 40 per cent discount. When such portion is 150.00, 20 per cent discount. When such portion is 750.00, 45 per cent discount. When such portion is 200.00, 25 per cent discount. When such portion is 1000.00, 50 per cent discount. Intermediate discounts will be determined by interpolation. The rates herein stated are the present legal rates of this Company as on file with the Hind ene comeninon of the State of Illinois and are subject to change by order of said Commission Determination of Maximum Deman d. maximum demand per month will be deemed to be a certain proportion of the kilowatt equivalent of the rated horse-power capacity of all motors or other apparatus connected in accordance with the following table Where installation is under 10 horse-power (only one motor) 85% Where installation is under 10 horse-power (more than one motor) 759 Where installation is from 10 to 50 horse-power, both inclusive, irrespective of number of motors.....65% Where installation is over 50 horse-power, irrespective of number of motors 55% Monthly Bills. Prompt Payment Discount. As soon as practicable alter the end of each month the Company shall render a bill to the Customer for the amount due here under for such month, and the Customer agrees to pay such bill within 7” days after its date; and if such bill be paid within such 10 days the Castamer shall be entitled to a discount of 1 cent per kilowatt-hour from the portion of the bill represented by on caress at the 11 cent rate. nth” under this application shall mean the period between any two consecutive regular peadiqns by the Company of the meters ae a preahines: such readings’ to be taken, as nearly as may be practicable, every thirty days Minimum Charge. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary hereinbefore contained the Customer agrees to pay for each month's service hereunder a minimum charge of 50 cents per horse-power or fraction thereof, of the total rated capacity of the motor cr motors or other apparatus connect Lamp , Service e Company will not furnish lamps of any description, or renewals of lamps, hereunder, Term of Contract. The obligations of both parties hereunder shall commence on the date when the Company begins to supply electricity hereunder (snch date to be about... ...... = foe 192........ ), and shall continue for a fixed term of! . and cae the expiration of such fixed term until 30 days after the receipt by either party from the The Terms and Conditions printed on the back hereof are hereby made a part of this application. This application, although edith is subject to the approval of an Officer of the Company, and shall not be binding upon the Company until endorsed with his approval. Dated... 192 Approved . si “Public Service ‘Company ‘of Northern. Titingis. By Official Capacity. Contract Nov-22-00... wt ob INO: dszascescecec? RATE C (2) CONTRACT LARGE LIGHT AND POWER SERVICE Alternating Current—Low Tension BETWEEN Public Service Company of Northern Illinois AND Premises... ra aagiidhen Sy Gur dusdessceussaasasigaaeinccesaasspecasebawscaaae Da ted. C 192 3c Expires Salesman Paahatasauedabecseepubranagsapeaesyatsenseessstaed sandente TERMS AND CONDITIONS Referred to in, and made a purt of, the within Application. EQUIPMENT FURNISHED AND MAINTAINED BY CUSTOMER. PERMITS AND INSPECTION FEES. All wiring and other electrical equipment in the premises, or connecting the premises with the Com- pany’s service, furnished by the Customer, shall be suitable for the purposes hereof, and shall be maintained by the Customer at all times in conformity with the requirements of the National Board of Fire Underwriters, the properly constituted local authorities and the reason- able rules and regulations of the Company in force from time to time. said premises and in or about such intervening property of all such wiring, or other electrical equipment, as may be necessary, or Con- venient, for the supplying of electricity hereunder. CONTINUOUS SERVICE, The Company shall not be responsible in damages for any failure to supply electricity, or for interruption, or reversal, of the supply, if such fallure, interruption or reversal is without willful default or negligence on its part. RELEASE OF COMPANY FROM LIABILITY. The Customer agrees that the Company shall not be liable for damages resulting to the Customer or to third persons from the use of electricity or the presence of the Company’s appliances in the Customer's premises, unless due to willful fault or neglect on the part of the Company. RIGHT OF CUT-OFF. The Company shall have the right to discon- tinue all of its electric service to the Customer on due notice and to remove its property from the Customer's premises whenever Dills for electricity are in arrears or in case the Customer fails to comply with, or perform, any of the conditions or obligations hereof. METERS TO BE INSTALLED BY COMPANY. The electricity, ex- cept in the case of flat rate service, 8 all be measured, both as to maximum demand and consumption, m be calculated. Under ordinary conditions the Company will install in the Customer's premises but one meter or one unified set of meters. Where, for the Company’s convenience, more than one meter or one unified set of meters is installed, the maximum demand shall be com- puted upon the sum of the readings of the several maximum demand meters, and the total consumption shall be the sum of the registra- tions of the several consumption meters. The term ‘‘meters’’ as used herein, includes all measuring instruments and accessories thereto, COMPANY’S PROPERTY AND PROTECTION THEREOF. Al! meters and other appliances and equipment furnished by and at the expense EXCLUSIVE SERVICE ON INSTALLATION CONNECTED. No other electric light or power service shall, except under a contract for aux- Mary service, be used by the Customer on the same installation in conjunction with the Company's service, either by means of a‘‘throw- over’ switch or any other connection, DEPOSIT. The Company shall have the right at any time to require the Customer to make a reasonable deposit in advance to secure the prompt payment of bills. ASSIGNMENT. The benefits and obligations of this agreement shall inure to and be binding upon the successors and assigns, survivors and executors or administrators, as the case may be, of the original parties hereto, respectively, for the full term hereof; provided that no assignment hereof shall be made by the Oustomer without first obtaining the Company’s written consent. AGENTS CANNOT MODIFY AGREEMENT. No agent has the vewer to amend, modify or alter this agreement or waive any of its condi- tions, or to bind the Company by making any promise or representa- tion not \tained herein. 1:50 I AUXILIARY OR BREAK-DOUWN SERVICE (Appiicable to Rates "A", "B" and "C"_ only) Rider to, and hereby made a part of, the attached Contract or Application (hereinafter referred to as the "Contract") dated - 192__, for electric service furnished by the Public Service Company of Northern Illinois (hereinafter and in said Contract called the "Company") to the undersigned Customer. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the attached Contract contained, it is hereby agreed as follows: The Custonwer (whose premises are regularly supplied with light or power, or both, from a privately owned source of elec- trical energy) shall have the privilege, upon the conditions mamed in this rider, of using the Company's electric service under said Contract as a reserve, auxiliary or break-down service in connection with his usual source of supply. The Company azrees to stand ready to supply to the Customer at all times during the life of said Contract electricity to the amount of, but not to exceed : | Y kilowatts (not less than one kilowatt); and the Customer agrees to pay a net minimum yearly charge under said Contract of _ _ (So \ Dollars for each vear during the life of the Contract, being twenty-four ($24.00) dollars per kilowatt or friction thereof, reckoned upon the numver of kilowatts which the Company is so Obliged to stand ready to supply. Until the Customer shall in any year, have paid the full minimum charge for the year, he Shall pay to th2 Company each month not less than_ < Y Dollars (being $2.90 per Kilowatt reckoned upon the number of kilowatts which the Company must stand ready to supply). In case said Contract be under the Company's rate for General Lighting Service (Rate "A") the contract term shall not be less than one year. | The Customer shall at his own expense furnish, install and connect 2 suitable circuit breaker, wnich shall be under the sole control and regulation of the Company, of a character approved by the Couwoany and which snall be set to break the connection with the Company's service in case the Custorer's maximum demand shall at any time exceed the number of kilovatts of electricity, it eighty (80%) per cent power factor, which the Company is obliged to stand ready to supply hereunder; and the Customer shall not in any way interfere vith the adjustment or operation of such circuit vreaker, The Customer shail also furnish and install, when same is requizred ov the Compzny, av his own expense, a iocked steel box to contain such cirzuit breaker. I (Continued) AUXILIARY OR BREAK-~DOWN SERVICE (Cont'a) If at any time while the Customer is using the Company's vlieetricity hereunder his demand shall be so great ag to cause said circuit breaker to open the circuit, the Company shall renew the connection upon due notice and upon recciving satisfactory assurance that ths Customer's demand will be reduced to an amount ot to excsced the numbdcr of kilowatts which the Company agrees to stand ready to supply hereunder. The Customer sh2ll not at any instant operate his usual Source of supply in nultiple with the Company's service, and shall, in any event, reimourse the Company for loss or damage sustained by the Company “y reason of his use of the Company's ssrvice here- under. All tho terms and provisions of said Contract except as mod- ified in this rider, shall be and remain in ful. force and sffect. This rider, although signed, is subject to the approval of an Officer of the Conpany and shall not be binding upon the Company until endorsed with his 2pproval. PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY of Northern Iliinois Dated 192 By _ _ _ Approved 192 Public Service Company of Northern Illinois Customer By By Official Capacity Official Cxrpacity IT! DISCOUNT WHERE CUSTOMER IS A SEMI-CHARITARLE INSTITUTION (Applicable to Rates "A", "B", (except limited hour service)and "Ci - Rider:to, and hereby made a part of, the attached contract, or application, (hereinafter referred to as the "“contract") dated -_ 19 for service furnished by the Public Service Company of Northern Illinois (hereinafter and in said contract called the *Company") to the. undersisned Customer. Inasmuch as the Customer is a semi-charitable institution doing charitable work in part, the Customer shall be entitled to a discount from its monthly bill for electricity furnished during the month, which dissount shall be 15 per cent of such net monthly bills, provided that the net rate to be paid by the Customer for electricity consumed hereunder in any month shall not be lower than 4} eents per kilowatt hour, and provided fur- ther that in no case shall the net charce for electricity in any month be less than the minimum charge specified in the attached contract. This rider, although signed, is subject to the approval of an Officer af the Company and shall not be binding upon the Company until endorsed with his approval. ~ Customer. Datec__ 19 Approved _. 19_ Public Service Company of Northern Illinois. By Vice-Preaident. IV P1S75 TEMPORARY SERVICE RIDER (APPLICABLE TO RATES "A® AND "B" AND "C") Rider to, and hereby made a part of, the attached Contract dated , for electric service to be furnish- ed by the Public Service Co.pany of Northern Illinois (hereinafter and in said Contrect called the "Conpany") to the undersigned Customer. It is expressly agreed that, as electricity is to be used under tne attached Contract for temporary »surposes only, the Customer shall say to the Company in advance (in addition to all amounts to accrue for consumotion of electricity) the sum of _ 63 \ Dollars ag the cost to the Company of providing for said temporary service. All the terms and provisions of said Contract, except as modified in this rider, snall be and remain in full force and efrect. ~ Tnis ricer, althovgh signed, is subject to the approval of an Officer cf tne Company, and shall not be binding upon the * Company until endorsed with his approval. Customer Dated | 192.—s—i‘éiB en z. Apsroved 193 Public Service Company Official Capacity of Norti:ern Illinois LIGHTI:‘'G ON POWER SERVICE (Applicable to Rate "B" only) - wade a part of, the attached contract, Rider to, and \ ( fter referred to as tne "contract") dated 5 wpa or application, (-2r3in 192__s for service furnished by the Public Service Company of Northern Illinois (nereinafter and in said contract called the "Company") to the undsrsigned Customer, In consideratiztn of the Customer's executing a contract with the Coirpany for a period of five (5) years and agreeing to connéct to tne Comsany's lines not less than one hundred (100) horse-vovwer in sotors, the Co 2any agtezs to furnish electricity for lignting purvoses vithin the Customer's premises at the same rate as is charged for electricity for pover burvoses. The Customer's connected lighting load 2t any time shall not exceed ten (10%) per cent of tne connected motor load. The Customer's installation of lamps snall de as follows: incandescent laos arc lamps. : The Custumer's lighting consum tion shall not exceed ten (12%) ver cent of the total kilowatt hours consuiied for power purposes. In the evant that tae lighting consum tion is in excess of ten (10%) ner cent of the total consumotion, then the Customer shall pay for such excess at the Company's standard ligating rates. As often as the Comany shall deem it necessary, one of its representatives snall taxe a record of the number and size of the lighting units connected to its lines and fifty-five (55%) per-cent of the total capacity in xilovwatts, and fractions thereof, of the lighting units connected to the Cemosany's lines shall be considered + the maximurn. demandof the lighting load. The maximum demand: of the lighting load, as above ascertained, shall be added to the maxinux demand of the motor load, as above ascertained, and the sum of these to maxima is to ve used as the. maxinum demand .in calculating bills for electrical energy. In consideration of the Comoany's furnishing electricity for lighting >urvoses at the sate wate as for power purposes, the Custo.er agrezs to furnish such transformer equipmant as is necessary to reduce the Conmany's 600 ar 440 volt service to such voltage as is required by the Customer's lighting system and it is understood that the Company shall not ve under any odligations to maintain a closer voltage regulation on said lighting service than is nscessary for the propsr operation of the Customer's pover equipment. 2. To lamps of any description, renewals of lanps, wiring or electric appliances of any kind (excent meters as herein orovided) are to be furnished by the Company under this agreo~ ment. This rider, although signed, is gugject to the aPaRey of an Officer of the Company and snalj not bea binding u 4.5 sounpany until endorsed with his approval. We wee of ta “Gus tomer ~ ow mt wT . estes od, to et ta htt, hte te By Dated _. 192 antes Aoproved 192 Public Service Company of Northern Illinois By VI OUT=DOOR LIMITED HOUR SERVICE (Applicable to Rate "B" only provided Customer has a connected motor load of 100 H.P. or over. Rider to, and hereby made a part of, the attached contract, or application, (hereinafter referred to as the "“contract") dated _ 19 for we vote os ees yes ee @ervice furnished by the Public Bervice Company of Northern Illinois (hereinafter and in aaid contract called the "Company ") to the undersigned Customer. : Available only for customers using the Company's standard service at stone quarries, gravel pits, brick yards and similar out-door places of business, In consideration of the Customer executing a five (5) year contract and agreoing not to use any electricity between the hours of 4:00 P,M. and 8:00 P.M. of each day in the calendar months of November, December, January.,and February, the Company agrees to allow the customer discowuts of 15 per cent and 5 per cent on all net monthly bills for eleotrioity furnished hereunder, said discount to be allowed, if earned, on the first day of March in each year. - . In consideration of the Customer giving the Company written notice, of ita intention to cease operation for the winter season not later than October Fifteenth and agrees not to use any electricity during the months of November, December, January and February, the Oompany agrees to waive the minimum charge specified in the attached contract during eaid months. It is further agreed that the Company shall have the right so disconnect or remove its transforters curing the said months. : is rider, although signed, is subject to the approval of an Officer of the Company and shall not be binding upon the Company until endoreed with his approval. ~ Customer. Dated _19 Approved __ 19 Public Service Company of Northern Illinois. By e - ee. ° oe - . ‘ ° e . « . ~ a) -° : ° - - 3-. . . . - - @ - - 7 ae c .e ° . ° ° ° - 8 . - ‘ ad t w -s . . e a a . « vo ° * . « . « . o e e . a ae ~ a * 1y . ° ° * a @- ry . - ~ . . . ” . * . . . cor . 2 ome tt ' . “f ~ ' « orn oo. « « 4 ‘ ae .* o'. eo. °, t 1 . 4 - . J . - - ate . a.., ‘ oo - 4 ire . "4 ° on - : . -- . 3°’ woe 6 - 2 * o. - . cy . welt ° o-. . . Ps . “. . : . , o. 0 ome 7 e . . so . . e . o . - <7 . . . . . . s. Be ‘ . ¢ . 5 = ° . . - . « ., ® . , r - ° . e « ° » . . . - . ae? UCU oo 5 . - se - 3 . - ” ee . . "e ‘ . .- 7. ” . . é ¥ , ° e ¢ . e - . ‘we. ~~ ‘ ° a . oe Lt. Ue . ; ; . . he 7 ts - . 7, ‘ - 8 : a . : : . . . . » +. ° * - . . « -« e . ~ 7" -° wt ao + ° ° : . . : a . 7 ° = o , .. vs “s é . vem 7. . 2 . ’ .- - . 4 - ., “ ; 1 ‘ « . ® . ee - ’ - - . . : . e oe te a . . -» . te . - - . . . va tod - . . ° . ce . ' . » e « e - ° ° - . . . - . . ~@ ° - o- s "= , . - ° 7 4 : . . - e ae vf . . Ne - . . e « ~ - ‘ se . - . ~ - “& . : . -- ®,. ° ee. e . , &. + . é - . ._ ° ° . ° . . . + . * : ° ~ . a ~ o a , . e oo .? . -< - -_ . * « . e . x a? - . . . e - - . . ‘ . . . te! . . ' : . : oe . ee . - ' . 5 eet . ’ . ‘ ~ om . . . . . . ‘ . 2” . . , 2 ~ - . ‘ . ° . ' , nd t . - , j . 7 4 . o. oe % . : : . . . . ° 7° *. , . , ‘ . er | “8 8 : mos ~~ : o . . el . e at ° . 7 . wv: . . . . » e ‘ . . - . . - * : . . - . ’ : ‘ . : ora .: : @ » 4 t.8 .. , . , ete ; . oO . ee * -, a ‘ “og « . . - @. ° Pr . %& . - o.* / ~~ . * .* ° . . te “. : 7% . + s . -” Rn . . - * » ° vr - me, . *, _ . . é . 1 Ve af . . -° - . ‘e . . . - . ~ ' ‘ . : . . , . . ‘ . r . : = . ~ * , - *.. ° . -6 . . - ‘ ¢. é ° - . tes os ’ - . . « oe “ Do .' a . . . a . t . . nd . ° . . . 9 ~ - . . . . . oe _ € ~ » 4. ° ~. ae > » « : . 3 * ' . soy - « be °. -* ry . . . , -. yo : ‘ + _ . 4 a 4 . «eo . ' 2 : S - . Jaa Le Ane ~ o o > = . o' . : - . . . - e . . . . - - >. . . e . ° ° - * . « e ‘ s -*, . ° . . . - .. @# . *,. , ® . ae . - . : , . . - - "4s 23s ~ . * we . “ » - » @ . ‘. : 1a - DI 64 . ” wy . ~ a e . . - ~ . I .- . » ay . é « e - . - . \ e ae . . . -. ¥ ~~ 1 ~ ov _- ' wet * ‘ wy a - az “ - 4 ‘ - » - . ao . . 3 . 7 » _ eB, -e® . . . . - 2 v 8 . . s ‘ hb +s 2" 8 ‘© ‘ 1 ‘ 3 F te os ‘ 4 . ». - . - n~ eo 7. . ve ° . 78 . ‘ - . _~. ~ 6 7 . » °° a . “wo a f “ . * F - awe ° ¢ o 4 . . e ' . * - a . 7 ‘ * - a- ° 4 “4 * ° . . Ne a “ ‘ ’ 7 a ~ ~- . oe . - . ‘ . + a - ~ * id wo. . . . o a \ Le ° .- -. . . . ’ a ‘ a” ~ . . . Ay . 4 . . ° °. ae . vos . ' - . a. ye ~ ‘ ¢ | wee : Ree, - = .,4 ‘ ‘ we - + wm . . .! e - . . 7 - ‘s . + . o t - --. oe e - - ‘ . . . ‘ . . > ‘ “s . -e *. t $ ° . @. uu . 1 ° wa ’ . . ‘ . - 7: - - s . ’ e ~ . m - on . 8 « . . - . _ ‘ ~ at ewe- . a ‘ s : ' . ~ « . . Ne ‘ , a : . ~- . - - 4 . . Y "fe . . a , a “e . oa er: . Feet, , aa . of! oy ‘ ° e ea VII DISCOUNT WHERE CUSTOMER USES ALTERNATING CURRENT UNTRANSIFORMED; THE COMPANY TO FURNISH TRANSFORMERS. } (Applicable to Rate "B" only.) Rider to, and hereby made a part of, the attached contract, or application, (hereinafter referred to as the "Contract”) dated __49 for service furnished by the cublio Service Company of Northern Illinois (hereinafter and in said contract called the "Company") to the undersipned Custoner. : Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in said contract contained the Customer agrees (1) that the fixed term of said contract shall be five (5) years; (2) that the electricity — furnished under said contract. shall be alternating current un- transformed and shall be measured on the primary circuit, the — difference between the cost of furnishing and installing metering equipment for measuring the energy on the primary oircuit and the cost of furnishing and installing the necessary eouipment for measuring the enerry at 2200 or 4400 volts, to be paid by the Customer; (3) that the charges under said contract for each month shall be based upon a maximum demand of not less than 50 kilowatts; and in consideration of such agreement on the Customer's part, the Company agrees (1) to furnish all necessary transformers and (2) to allow the Customer a discount of 5 per cent from the net amount (determined in the manner provided in said contract) of each month's bill. : | 7 This rider, although signed, is subject to the approval of an officer of the Company, and shall not be binding upon the Company until endorsed with his approval. Customer. By_ _ Dated | 19 Approved 19 ‘Sublie Service Company of Northern Illinois By .-: - os 1 - . . ‘ - =f . wv we eye 4 . - 4 . 3. ’ . . . ° . e - - 's - . a “ « . . -, 2. pote , . wer . “. . on ‘ 1 % . . ¢ ° ” * . : . . av) Ge 28 . . . ’ ant var ° ¢ ‘ - . ae . ee. . ee -¢ e » * > * ‘ ‘ > “¢ ~ *& e er . 28 . . ‘ ° om, ee. . « 7o.7s ” . . ~ “a ° _ i“ , ° . . . a . ~ we ~ . ° ~ . ale -« . . - @ - r : . ; ative . * os . . ° - og . ‘ e - . : . . . ° . ,- s y- . . . x ." . » ~ a 5 . aos , . 7 e. . s . . : ~~ 7 - - ° . . Vv. : . - “ot foe . a - ‘se .! . a e ore a) “. 5 ' . v . , ' ’ .- . ao a \ S 8 . . . a x + . - 6 ~ . ese - © . , _ Mer wee ¢ . me , . 7 woe te we ‘ - - * . ' . ’ pe oe UC . ° - , « 723 “1 ef ere . ‘ ‘ . : > te _ @, Se 7". . . . ° . o- “ "5 be ‘ : sos “3 . nee oe a, x *. {f.- SR” . ‘ * ’ - oe we Ft - . . - + e . - oa o *.' < . « . 7 oo. ee wte .! a. ‘ + ., . - - ~ ° . 4 ° , s . a . es... - . 3 . . “meg : . . . . . ate . . ° ‘ . - . we” = e a . - . - . « . . , . . . . . ° ‘ , d ~ . a’ o = ° ” ra < 2 : . - . . . . * ‘ . - : . . : . . oe . , a. - . . t ’ . . s > . » « x . . ‘ 7 . -~ . te, . . y - . ow see Wey ~, ‘ aw . . . : : ' . ~. "os - . . . e . a. . . * oe : . - ’ 7 Pe =» ° ese * ° 1 ae > oo “ .* ° : . . ‘ wwe ike 8 e . . 8 3: . - ét . ‘ ‘ “os poe « * ‘ ¢ . ° “ o . , . . . . - a: 4 .ee . . “ . woe ot , . - 7 ‘ . . 4 ’ ~ . . ° . * > ’ ? - ome . 3 av: ~~ r . 1 . . « . . LZ i -— : " _§ . . -- . ". o : y ; . . Mt : : » +e ww : . . . « +. , = ‘e* | > . . - - - eee a - ~ -- . . ¢ ~, 1 + - . we . . e : » ¥ i : . . ° ~ .- + - . ~ * e * . . * . : . oa . ‘. ~~ ro ' . < . . ". . ‘ é . . : 1s ry . t - cw 7 7 ‘ oe yo. : ‘ . . eo. . . . ° . - ° -* oe ° te - 6 Ye -4& a ” « . "” xq he . ' : - ~ sae - 7 - . - ey * e . 3 ee, ‘ « * of . < ~ . , : . ~ ’ ~ , . -* ae ° ‘ . a. r . VIII DISCOUNT WHERE CUSTOMER USES ALTERNATING CURRENT UNTRANSFORMED : THE CUSTOMER TO FURNISH TRANSFORMERS. (Applicable to Rate "B" only.) , Rider to, and hereby made a vart of, the attached contract, or applieation,. (hereinafter referred to as the "Contract" ) dated 19___—sfor service furnished by the Public Service Company of Northern Illinois (hereinafter ond in said contract called the("Company") to the undersigned Customer. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in said contract contained the Customer: agrees (1) that the fixed term of said contract shall be five (5) years; (2) that the electricity to be furnished under said eontract shall be alternating current un- transformed and shall be measured on the primary circuit; (3) ‘that the charges under soid contract for each month shall be based upon s maximum demand of not less than 50 kilowatts; (4) that -the Customer shall furnish, install and maintain at his own expense all transformers necessary to. reduce the electricity furnished to either 220 or 440 volts; the difference between the cost of furnishing and installing metering equipment for measuring the energy on the. primary circuit and the cost of furnishing and installing the necessary equipment for measuring the energy at 2200 or 4400 volts, to’ be paid by the Customer, and in consideration of siieh. agreement on the Customer's part, the Company agrees to allow the Customer a discount of 10 per cent from the net amount (determined in the manner provided in said contract) of each.-month's bill. This rider, although signed, is subject to the approval of an officer of the Company and shall not be binding upon the Company until endorsed with his approval. ~ . se Was .. BY Dated_ a 19 owen ' Approved we 19 Publio Service Company of Northern fllinois By IX No. 1251 LUNITAD noun avTusclth at CHARGING fn 2SUBLIC GARAGE (Appliczble to Rate "BS only) Rider to, and hereby made a vart of, the ottached Contract or Application (heceinefter referred to as the "Contract") dated _ 193. for electric service furnish- ea Oy tne Puoiic Service Comeany of Northern Illi; Inars er and in said Gontract called the "Company") te the undersivnet Customer. 2 Contr.ct continued, it is ag The electric city ve ce furnished vndasr tos attached Contract shell be used on the Custoisr!s remises (soon 2 pwolic carage) far the purpose of cnergzing electrically sro_Tslied automo ils, and for no cther purpose. The Customer ses not to use any elect: Service covered by tnis Contract during tne me: the nours of 4:00 P.il. and 8:30 P.it. of eacn aay : and letal nolic.ys, in the calendar montis of ovexber, Decerdser, January and Foovuary duriag the period of this Centract. 41 In consicer.tion of such aersements on the vert of the Custoner, tie Co.Lpany agrescs tiat the Customer's nat rete for elsctricit: Ternishet hereunder snali not exceed four ena onheenalt (44¢) cents cer xilcvatt-hour; provided, however, that in no case Shall tne nest cnarze hereunder for any month os less tuan the Minisuis charge so.ci‘ist in said Contract. Tals rider, althoven signsad, is subdject to the approved Or an Officer of tae Company and snall not bz oinding upon the Coripany Cc 2 sed ‘vitn his approvuil. PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY of Northern Illinois. o CG) ct Co oF ~ QQ) 0 es) et Ay croved | 192 s 3Olic Service Company | or jiorthern lilinsis : Customer By Ry OfTicial Capacity. Official Crasacity x LIMITED HOUR AUTOMOBILE CHARGING IN PRIVATH GARAGE (Applicable to Rate "B" only) Rider to, and hereby made a part of, the attacned contract, or application, (hereinafter referred to as the "contract") dated | 19 for service furnished by the public Service Company of Northsrn Illinois (hereinafter and in said contract called the "Company") to the undersigned Customer. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the attached contract contained, it is agreed as follows: The electricity to be furnished under the attached contract shall te used in the Customer's premises (being a privete garage!) for the purpose of charging autcmobiles, and for no other rurpose. . The Customer agrees not to use any electricity hereunder during the period of time between the hours of 4:00 P.M. and 8:30 P.M. of each day in the calendar months of October, Nov- ember, December, January and February during the period of this contract, and in consideration of such agreement on the part of the Customer, the Company agrees that ‘the Customer's net rate for electricity furnished herettinder shall not exceed 5 ‘ cents per kilovatt hour, provided that in no case shall the net charge hereunder for any month be less than the minimm ‘charge specified in said contract. an .. Phis rider, although signed, is subject to the approval of a ‘Vice-President of the Company dhd shall not be binding | ,upon the Company until endorsed with his approval. Customer. - By ; Dated | ) 1 ion | Approved 191 OO, rublic Service Company of Northern Illinois By Vice-President. ’ -! . eo’ an) . . . ee . - . a . . e ‘ ° .° 23. . . . . ‘ . . e ‘. ev . - - . . - . ) q . .. . ‘ . .e w. , e. . ee XI bd VF u a2 DISCOUNT WAERE CUSTOMER USES ALTSRNATING CUCRENT UNTRANCFORMFD THE CCMPANY TO FURWISE TRAMSPORVERS (Applicable to Rate "C" Only.) Rider to, and hereby made a part of, the attached contract, or application, (hereinafter referred to as the "Contract") «dated ; _ 196 for _— | service furnished oy tna Public Service Company of verthern Ilii- nois (neveinafter and in said contract called the Conpany®) to the undercignec customer. Notwithstanding anythin= to the contrary in said contract contained the Customer agrees (1) that the fixed term of said contract shall be five (5) years; (3) tnat the electricity furnished under said contract suall 22 altcrniating current vntransformed and shall be measured on t.c ,risary circuit, the difference betveen the cost of furnisiuinyr and instslling ::etering equipme rt for measuring the encragy on ti2 prisary circuis and the cost of fur..ishing and installing th3 necessary equipment for measuring the energy at 2200 ar #4109 volts, to ve paid by the Customer; and (3) that the Customer's demand cnare’s for 2ach month shall ve based on not léss than 50 kiiowstos; and in co cideretion of such agrezmuent on the Customer's part, the Comoany agrees iu) to furnish all necessary transformers ani (2) to ellow the Customer a discount of 5 per cent from the total amount of each montnals bili, said discoun’® to ve dedvected before Cedveting the discount, if any, allowed for prompt payment. Tnis rider, aithough signed, is suhject to the approval of an Officer of the Cenpany, and shall not be binding upon the Company roii endors?i with his approval. Customer Dated 192 Cs BY Approved__ _. 192 : Pu -Lic Service Cco:pany of NOrthern Illinois e Official Capacity XII DISCOUNT WHER CUSTOMER USES ALTERNATING CURRENT UNTRANSFORMED THE CUSTOMER TO FURNISH TRALSFORMARS- (Applicable to Rate "C" oniv.) Rider to, and hereby made a part of, the attached contract, or application} ({hersinafter referred to as the "Contract") dated 33. for . service zurnished oy, the Public Service Company of Northern Illinois (hereinafter aud in said contract .called the "Coispany") to the undersignea customer. Notwitnstaxing anytninge to the contrary in said contract contained the Customer avrces (1) that the fixed term of said contract siall be five (5) years; (2) that tie slect#icity to de furnished under said contract shall us aiternating current uatzsansfori3d and shall be measured on the primary circzit; (3) that the Cvstouer's demand charge for each month shali be based on not 1393 than 50 xilowattse (4) that the Customer snealii furnish, install and maintain at his own expense all transltcrmcrs necessary to reduce the eclectricity furnished to either 220 cr 44 vit, the e@ifference botween the cost of furnishing and installing metsrinz erciowent for measawinze the energy en the primary circuit ard tne cost of furnishing and installing the necessar; equipr.ent for measuring the energy at Sx-v or 4400 volts, to be paid b: the Customer; aud in consideration of such agreomeat on the Customer's part, the Ccxoanvy agress to allow tie Customer a discount of 10 per cant from <2 total amount of each month's bill, said discount to be deducted cefors ceducting the discount, if any, allowed for prompt payment. This rider, although signed, is subisct to tnc approvas of an officer of the Company and shall not te Siuding upon the Company unti2 endorsed vith his anoroval. Dated 1€2,. «By _ . Approved __ 194 Public Service Company of :ortnern Tilinois ~ (Offic:.. Cupacity) C. D. 108 XIII LIMITED HOUR SERVICE—ALTERNATING CURRENT (Applicable to Rate “C” only, where rated capacity of Customer’s installation is not less than 100 H. P.) Rider to, and hereby made a part of, the attached contract or application (hereinafter referred to as the ‘“Con- tract”) dated , 192 , for service furnished by the Public Service Company of Northern Illinois (hereinafter and in said contract called the “Company”) to the undersigned Customer. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in said contract contained, the Customer agrees (1) that during any peak period (such period being defined as the period of time between the hours of 4:00 P. M. and 8:30 P. M. of each day, except Sundays and legal holidays, in the calendar months of November, De- cember, January and February) his maximum demand in kilowatts will not exceed 20% of the highest monthly maximum demand recorded hereunder during the eight consecutive months immediately pre- ceding the four months containing such peak period, and (2) that the Company may discontinue, without notice to the Customer, the supplying of electricity hereunder in excess of such 20% at any time during the peak period; and in consideration of such agreement on the Customer’s part the Company agrees te allow the Customer an annual discount based upon his maximum demand charges for any twelve con- secutive months ending with the month of February, in accordance with the following table, such discount in each case to be allowed, if earned, as soon as practicable after the February billing: Ratio of maximum demand during peak Discount expressed in period to maximum demand during the percentage of demand eight months preceding the four months charges: containing such peak period: Up to and including 5% 30% 6% to 10%, inclusive 20% 11% to 15%, inclusive 10% 16% to 20%, inclusive ' 5% More than 20% None Intermediate discounts shall be determined by interpolation. The discount allowed for any such twelve months’ period will be credited upon the Customer’s bill or bills next accruing under the contract. This rider, although signed, is subject to the approval of an Officer of the Company and shall not be bind- ing upon the Company until endorsed with his approval. Dated, » 19... CUSTOMER. Approved, , 19 By Public Service Company of Northern Illinois. By.............. a cnet OFFICIAL CAPACITY. XIV WAIVER OF MONTHLY MINIMUM CHARGE - LIMITED HOUR SERVICE — ALTERNATING CURRENT, LOW TENSION (Applicable to Rate "C® only, ) Rider to, and hereby made a part of, the attached con- tract, or application, (hereinafter referred to as the "Con- tract") dated 19 for service furnished by the Public aervice Company of Northern Illinois (hereinafter and in said contract called the "Company *) to the undersigned Customer. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in said contract or an any rider attached thereto contained, it is agreed as Ollows$ If the customer shall, on or before the 15th day of October in any year give the Company written motice of his intention to Cease using any electricity under said contract during the next succeeding months of November, December, January, am February, and s&@all actually cease such use during such four months, She Company shall waive, for such four months, the hinimum monthly charge apecified in said contract; and in such case the Company shall have the right to disconnect its service and remove its meter and other property from the Customer's premises for and during such four months. Thié rider although signed, is subject to the approval of an officer of the Company and shall not be binding upon the Company until endorsed with his approval. | : Customer - Ey . Dated___ 19 | os App roved 19 "Public Sé€rvice Company of Northern Illinois, * - a om : me, _ - . ° . . . - . . ‘ . -e ° . 4 . a. © 7 = . . : on . e . ~~: e -_s - ““ : . = * . Xv . . . — - ° . . . - . * * ~s ~~. : . ° eo ee o o . ° . . ‘ - _ * . — . e * , ' . o, e o~ vw. o- sc - ~e ° . “- - y+ 8 . .* . ° . . ' a ° . . . ‘ “e . ~ ‘ : - ry . - - . . . . ~ ° . . . . o . . . - * - - * ~* * . . ° 7 . . ‘ . . . a. - « . . ~ . ~~ . . - . : e- , . ma. e@ ”~ . - ~ . vt - , - “ a e oe . * - e - . - . ; t . > . . : .. . . 1 - ee a » ’ 7 . . » . 1 . ~~ - . . . : - - a . . ‘ L - . . o . . * * . . > . ‘. - «= ert . ® . ° - oo . . . . * a ‘ t . - e ° eo @t* . a) . - 7 = x. 1 @ ¢ ae . ” oe . ry > . ~_ . . - < . . e . . . ‘ . . a . . . - . SUPPLEMENT NO. 17 to SCHEDULE NO. 1 I. P. U. C. No. 1 (Electricity) . PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY Additional Sheet OF NORTHERN ILLINOIS Lo. (Cancelling four previously exist- General Offices: For ..... ccc cc cece ee eens Illinois, ing Sheets entitled ‘Rate ‘E’ Flat 72 West Adams Street, Chicago, Illinois and the unincorporated contiguous territory. Rate Lighting Service.’’) RATE “E”—FLAT RATE LIGHTING SERVICE Signs, Window Outline Lighting, Bill Board Lighting, Ornamental Lamp Posts and Interior Store Lighting Where Type ‘‘B"’ or Type ‘‘C’’ Mazda Lamps Only Are Used. Available for any Customer who shall furnish the entire installation (wiring, fixtures, etc.) in territory where the Company shall be regularly maintaining patrols for switching on and off the lamps, and in territory where the Company does not maintain such patrol service, provided the Customer will furnish an approved standard time swatch. RATE: At the rates specified in the following table the Company will furnish electricity for lighting, and maintain patrol service, provided that said patrol service is at the time of the signing of the contract regularly maintained in the territory in which the Customer’s premises are located. Dusk to Dusk to 10 P. M., 11 P. M., 6 nights; 6 nights; Dusk to Dusk to Dusk to ‘ee to 12 M., to 12 M., 12 M., 1A. M., daylight, Masda “B” Lamps 1 night 1 night 7 nights 7 nights 7 nights 1o watt, per lamp per week................. $0.08 $0.0825 $0.085 $0.09 $0.105 40 watt, per lamp per week................. 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.24 50 watt, per lamp per week................. 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.30 60 watt, per lamp per week................. 0.22 0.25 0.27 0.30 0.40 Masda “C” Lamps 75 watt, per lamp per weck................. $0.26 $0.29 $0.23 $0.37 $0.58 100 watt, per lamp per week................. 0.33 0.38 0.43 0.48 0.75 150 watt, per lamp per week................. O.47 0.55 0.60 0.70 1.10 200 watt, per lamp per week................. 0.00 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.45 300 walt, per lamp per week................. 0.90 1.00 1.20 7.30 2.00 joo watt, per lamp per week................. 1.15 1.30 1.55 1.75 2.90 500 watt, per lamp per week................. 1.45 1.65 1.90 2.15 3.60 PROMPT PAYMENT DISCOUNT: Bills are rendered weekly and when bills are paid on or before thrce days after their respective dates, the Company allows a discount of five cents per lamp per weck. By mutual agreement bills will be rendered upon a monthly basis. MINIMUM CHARGE: The flat rates mentioned. LAMP RENEWALS: The rates given above include free renewals of lamps of the same kind and wattage as the lamps originally installed. TERM OF CONTRACT: A fixed term of not less than one year from the date when the Company begins to supply electricity hereunder. Date of Issue, March 15, 1920. Date Effective, April 15. 1920. Issued by George R. Jones, Secretary, 72 West Adams Street, Chicago, II. All changes are indicated by italics. The rating of lamps in watts instead of candle power, the insertion of additional lamps and prices therefor, and the cancellation of Sheets relating to “Signs and Private Street Posts” are the only changes from the Sheets cancelled hereby. SUPPLEMENT NO. 14 SCHEDULE NO 1 I, P. VU. C. No. 1. PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY oe * ae Additional Sheet, OF NORTHERN ILLINOIS. (Electricity) (Cancelling Rider Entitled General Office: . “Cooking and Heating Service,” 72 West Adams Street, Chicago, Illinois. FOr... ccc cw ec cece eee eee Illinois. applicable to Rate ‘‘B” only.) RATE “F”—COOKING AND HEATING SERVICE Available for any Customer using the Company’s standard service for an electric range having a rated capac- ity of not less than 3 kilowatts; provided that electricity will not be furnished hereunder for lighting or power purposes. RATE: 10.5 cents per kilowatt hour for the first 10 kilowatt hours consumed in any month. 3.5 cents per kilowatt hour for the excess consumption in the month over 10 kilowatt hours. PROMPT PAYMENT DISCOUNT: 0.5 cent per kilowatt hour when bills are paid on or before ten days after their respective dates. MINIMUM CHARGE: $24.00 per meter per year for any installation having a total connected load of 6000 watts or less, rated capacity. $ 4.00 per year for each additional 1000 watts, or fraction thereof, of the total connected load in excess of 6000 watts, rated capacity. Until the Customer shall in any year have paid in full the minimum charge for such year, he shall pay to the Company each month not less than one-twelfth of the minimum charge for the year; and in so far as any such monthly minimum payment shall represent an excess over the regular charge for electricity used in such month, such excess shall, after the minimum charge for such year is fully paid, be allowed as a credit against bills for service hereunder in subsequent months in such year, such credit to be allowed, however, at the end of the year. TERM OF CONTRACT: A fixed term of one year commencing on the date when the Company begins to supply electricity. The obligations of both parties shall continue in effect after the expiration of such fixed term until 30 days after the receipt by either party from the other of written notice to discontinue the service. TERMS AND CONDITIONS: The Customer agrees to install a special interior circuit in conduit entircly separate from any lighting or power circuit, and install and maintain thereon an electric cooking range having a rated capacity of not less than 3 kilowatts. The Customer may also connect to said circuit any other electrical cooking or heating appliances; such as cookers, toasters, broilers, ovens, kettles, flat irons, water heaters, and luminous -adiators. The use of electricity hereunder for lighting or power purposes shall be deemed a breach of this contract. Date of Issue, March 31, 1919. Date Effective, May 1, 1919. Filed with the Public Utilities Commission of Illinois on Issued by P. D. Sexton, Secretary, April 1, 1919. 72 W. Adams St., Chicago, II. "30M USE OMLY