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MSU Is An Affirmative Opportunity Institution

c\circ\datedue pm3-p 1
THESIS

TEST OF GRAVLLS OF TIE COUNTY
OF IXGHAM,
STATE OF MICHIGAN.

PRESEHTED TO THE FACULTY OF

THE

M.CHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE

BY

JOHN He BARR wwon-eJUNE,1 9 2 l.

A Candidate for the Degree in Bachelor of Science,

Pace el-
THES =

ad

 
CBII CT

The object of this thesis is to determine to what uses the
gravels of the County of Ingham, State of ‘ichivan,can be rute
Kore especially to their use in construction and «aintenance of
gravel roads, concrete roads, asphalt roads and sewage disposal
beds. There eyes corte specified requirements that the gravel
must meete It to determine how nearly the gravels of this
County meet with those requirements, that this thesis was worked
and written.

_INTRODUC TION

Samples of cravel were taken from nearly every pit in
Ingham County, the total number of pits reechéd being thirty-
six (36). This constituted in large the entire County. The
seancples teken from this pit were as nearly as possible the
average run of the gravel in tne pit and in places where the
gravel changed grades, more than one sample was taken.

The pits from which the smmples were taken, were located
from date and maps furnished by iichican State Highway Deparment
and by the County Road Coiwissioners at ‘.ason, »~ichizgan. The pits
were reached by means of a Ford furnishec through the courtesy
of the ichigan Ctate Highway Depurtment and Fred Rogers, and by
means of said machine, the gravel was conveyed to the laboratory.

No attempt was made to estimate the quanity of gravel in
each pit and nothing noted except that having direct bearing
on the tests to be made or information obtained from conversation
with the men or the owners at the pit.

Samples were carried to the laboratory and each numbered
according to the number given the pit on the map so that the
numbering on the pit and on the samples are identical. The weimt
of each sample varied but as an avera;se t™.aety-five pounds ws
about the weight throughout. The sannles were tested and their
results compared with the required specifications in order to find
out to what uses the gravel could be put.

Ti€TS wADE

Three tests were made on the samples, namely: Mechanical
Analysis or Sieve Test, the Organic or Colorimetric Test and and
. approximate Silt Test.

The first of thes8, mechanical analysis of agzregate is for
the determination for the sizes of gravel and sand and consists
of the sifting of the material thru several different sized sieves,
(In this case thirteen in number) and then plotting upon the
diagram the percentages by weight retained on each sieve. This
test is necessary because experiment has developed definite laws
establishing the relation of ;<scentages and sizes of particles
to maximum @eusity and strength of concrete.

33860
The organic test vas as follows:

A twelve oz. zradusted bottle was filled to the Four and
one half Oz. mark with sand. A three per cent solution of
Sodium hyedroxide was adced until the volume of sand and hye
Groxied after shcking, amounted to seven oz. After shaking
thoroushly the solution was allowed to stand for twenty-four hours
arc the color observec. If t':¢ clear supernatant liquid as
colorless or of a licsht yellow color the sand was considered
satisfactorily in so far as organic impurities were concerned,
If on the other hand, a cark colored sc'nution, ranging from dark
rec to black was evident the cravel vas rejected end this should
not be used for concrete wok unless those sends are subjected
to the usual mortar strength tests.

The necessity tor such af test fe that organic natter on
sand grains aprear not only to prevent the cement from adhering
but also to affect it chamically.

The third test that of determination of amount of silt in
the gravel was but an aprroxi:ate test. the approximate
volumetric determination was :.ade b; measuring the thiclness of
the layer of fime material which settled on top of the sand in
the organic test.

The necessity for the siit test is that this impurity causes
injury to the mortar or concrete not only when it exists as a
coating but 1s cqually undesirable when it occurs in such amounts,
or unequally distributed, that it's oxtremely fine grains "ball
up” anc stick together when wetted, so ss to remain in lumps in the
finished mortar or concrete. The allowable percentage of silt
in gravel is ten to fift cn percent of the sand,

SPECIFICALIONS OF GisaVEL FOR Gh! VIL
hOALS, CONCKLTE KODS, ASPHALT NODS,
AOD €CAAGE DILTOLAL PECS.

BRAVEL R@DS

she requirements of the (ichigan Hirhway Department for gravel
roads are the specifications used in this thesis. These state that
all sravel used for gurface vork must pass a Tro Inch screen
end 75% of that must be retained on an {8 screen. Also that base
gravel inust pass @ 42 screen and 60% of that be reteined on an
i8 screen. For seconé class road or resurfacing 60% cravel may
be uséd.

CONCRETE PAVENENT

In standard specifications for concrete pavement adopted by
the jmerican Concrete Institution, the fine av-rrenzate is reculred
to pass, when cry, a screen having ¢ inch openinzse “Jot sore than
<0% is ullowed to pass a sieve !:aving fifty meshes per lineal inch.
The coarse agcregate is specified as such as will pass a 14 inoh
rouni opening and will be retained on a soreen hating } iach
opentin:BSe

re The joint committoe recom:ends that not more than 30% of sand
by weight shall pass a sieve having fifty meshes pcr lineal inoh.

The American Concrete Institute will be used for detcrmination of
valués used in this thesis.
ASPIALTIC CUNCK 2 EASE

Material 95% of which pasces a 23 inch screen end ~\:4ch is
retained on a ¢ inch screen may be used os coarse agrrerntes
Fine agzrecate should consist of sand and such portions of the
coarse ag :regate «hich passes e i inch screen, so graded as to
mect the following limitations: )

PASSING RETAINED ON | PER CENT

4 inch screen 10 mesh sieve 0 to 20
10 mesh sieve 40 mesh sieve 15 Se 15
40 mesh sieve 80 mesh sieve 25 to 68
80 mesh sieve 200 mesh sieve 7 to 40
100 mesh sieve 0 to 6

ASPHALT COUCKETE

Fine agcregate shall pass ? inch sereen and 30 to 70% of
the cravel shall pass a 40 mesh sieve and not more than 10%
shall pase a 200 mesh sieve. This is given by the U. S. Bureau
of Public Roads for a class 2 concrete asphalted road,
Coarse agszrecate shall consist of broken stone and slag which ill
pass a 4 inch screen. Gravel is not usually used for this. Soree
ti:es it is required tiat 20% of the coarse acrrecate be retaincd
on a { inch screen. Fine agzrecate should pass a } inch screon
and 90% passing should be retained on a 200 mesh silevee This is
for cless S$ asphaltic read and with the following gracing is
reco:..:ended by the U.f.- Eureau of Fublis Roads.

 

 

PASEING RETAINED O48 PR CENT
inch screen ¢ inch screcn 5 to 10
¢ inch screen 10 mesh sieve — 11 to 25
10 mesh screen 40 mesh screen 7 to 25
40 mesh screen 80 mesh screen 11 to S36
80 resh screcn 10 to 25
£00 mesh screen § to 11

SHEET ACT LALE

Aggregate for sheet asrhelt is required to rass a 10 resh
sieve. ‘one of the gravels or cands considered here could be
economically used for this purrose without extra screen, “So it
does not secm necessary to consider the sands for use in asphelt
sheeting excert that those sands which are considcred rood for
esrhaltice concrete could be used after screening for asphalt
sheetinge

KES ARKS ON LLcULTS

The results in tris thesis will be judged as nearly #8 pos: tile
from an economical standroint. That is, if a pit contains gravel
vest fitted, es it ctands, for gruvel road construction, that cri:vel
will not be considcored as fitted for any othcr use, except to
mention the qualifications it may have for other useg, The r‘ason
for this is that altho it could be inde to fit other uses, to do
that would involve more expense and from an economical stancepoint
would not be good engineering policy.
REMARKS ON 2. CTS

The results of this thesis «111 be based whélly on the
tests made. It may be that other tests than those which tave
been made on the rcravels considered, would tend to rive necvative
resultse Sut if tne sravel mects the recuirencnts of the “cchanicol
Anelysis, tiie organie and the cilt tests, it will be considered
es f1t for a cravel road, concrete rosd or asrhalt rosd.
.Cights and percentases retained on the
“urboer 4 gcreéen and the nunube: 8 scroen,

 

 

 

 

NOe Welght eight Ne@licht Percent Fercent Gumulative
of of retained retained retained retaincd Percent:7~cs
Pit Sample #4 screcn #8 screen 4 screen {8 screen. by welrcht
lel 6.0 <e0 0.5 Sed 8eS 41.6
Le& 6.8 4.5 0.58 68.2 7Te7 7529
col] 9.5 <e5 1.5 <6e7 1568 4205
Lo¥ 9.5 1.5 125 1568 1528 1.6
Sel 14.0 6.5 1.0 4466 Tek 51.8
4-1 7.0 165 1S 21.4 18.9 40.5
4e2 9.0 1.0 0.758 llel BS 1924
5a] 12-5 79 <e5 5620 20.20 7620
52 8.0 £e5 1.0 S122 1265 4267
6-1] 7.0 4.6 1.0 64.2 14.5 78.5
6-2 12.90 6.5 1.5 S4el 12.5 66e6
6eS 78 505 1.0 50.0 13.2 630ee
Jeol 10.0 4.5 1.20 46.0 1.0 46,0
Se] 11.8 7.0 1.5 5602 150 69.2
9-] 720 205 125 9508 ~1e4 57.0
10<} 9.0 5eO 220 S508 17.5 5025
ll-l 10.0 6.0 1.5 60.0 1520 75.0
1Zge] 6.0 220 1.0 Coed 16.6 4929
1a] 9.0 505 1.0 0828 11.5 £003
14-1 8.0 165 0.5 16.8 6ed Zoel
15-1 9.0 4e5 1.5 50.0 16.6 6606
16-] 9.0 5e5 Lez 078 1365 Slel
16<2 8,0 4.0 1.0 50.0 1205 62.5
17-1 7.0 300 1.0 4-28 14635 S761
17-2 10.0 400 1.0 40.0 10.0 50.0
LTS 665 300 0.75 4¢.0 11.0 57 20
18] 7.0 5e5 1.0 46.7 13.35 60,0
191 740 4.0 1.0 57,2 lie. 71,5
<Q] 8.0 0.5 0.5 Ged Sed 12.5
2002 729 1.5 1.0 2506 14.5 57 0D
zlel 10.0 5.0 a5 50.0 15.0 65.0
21-2 9.0 4.0 1.5 44.6 1667 61.35
21-5 8.5 4.0 1.5 47 el 1726 64.7
ecol 8.5 520 220 0505 2506 6869
£30] 9.0 : §,0 220 55.0 Leek 77 ee
Zoek 9.0 20 1.5 cLee 16.6 58.8
L5aS 758 205 1.5 S304 20.0 53.4
25-1] 8.0 oO 125 5708 18.8 5663
26-1] 7.5 4.5 1.0 60.0 15.5 Tred
<7] 95 4.0 1.5 a2e1 1428 5609
LT eZ 725 300 1-5 40.0 £0,.0 60.0
<8e] 8.0 220 1.9 2500 12.0 3725
29~}) 8.0 508 1.0 43.8 1208 5645
2902 8e0 Se5 1.5 45.8 156 594
S00] 726 §.0 1.0 6607 1565 80.0
viel 8.0 5.0 1.0 62.6 1.266 Wel
clef 10.9 525 1-5 55.0 15.20 70.0
S2el1 9.0 4.5 1-0 56.0 l1lel 6lel
S3e] 6,0 1.0 0.5 15.0 8.3 2305
54-] 6.0 520 0.5 83 24 8.5 91.7
34-2 88.5 508 2.0 41,2 2325 6407
S4eS 8.0 0225 0.5 Sef 605 9.6
mo OR OUlU OU Og
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SBel On ee c= om eee gf :§
Pit toc FEneI~
carpleele

From pit number one two samples wers token there so mn-ly
Being two distinct crodes of crevele ‘Sample one as indicated
on the Cclazram is entirely uscl@ss as a gravel for cravel rocd
construction,ti ere being only thirtyethree (32%) reta'incd on a
#8 ecreen. Cince the sample showed thzt it containod very moh
organic :atter 1t ould not be advisable for use in concrete
construction. Sample one shored about 8% 811% which 1s less
then allowable for use in concrete construction.

The fellowing 1s @ dete ootained from tie .cehunical ‘nalysio
of the gravel and sands:

 

 

Number j.§ Amount Percent g0ricinal Cumulative
of ke teined Sairple Sauple Percente ces
Sieve in Crams keta ined Retained by “elicht
4 : SSeS S505
8 8eS 41.6
10 6209 15.6 965 , 509
z0 112.9 27.8 16.4 67.8
£8 63.6 15.7 905 76.6
350 44.58 10.9 66 G3 61
o& 27.2 6oT $9 87.0
40 ' 18.8 2.9 1.8 £808
48 29.0 72 4.5 93.1
50 8.5 Zel 1.5 0444
65 12.9 Sek 1.9 96.38
80 6.4 1.6 0.9 9742
100 ek 1.35 0.8 98.0
150 £4 0.6 0.4 9344
200 Zel 0.5 0.3 98.7
Passing2OO 7.5 18 Led 100.0
. 405. .
Semple -£-

This sample was a better quality than sample me. It tcstod
very good for vravel road construction, 75% being retained on a
#8 serecn. The sample showed much orzanic matter so that it would
be useless to consider it for concrete ork. It contained about
2% silte The following is the iicchanical Analysis dater

4 68.2 68.2
8 ; 727 75.9
10 99.1 2666 625 88.8
£0 103.5 2746 666 88.8
28 4043 13.2 Sel 91.9
30 5108 8.8 £0 93.0
35 18.5 4.9 Lek 95e1
40 13.5 5e6 0.8 95.9
4& £1.58 Se7 124 97 6S
50 6.7 1.8 0.8 97.6
65 10.2 L2e7 0.6 98,1
80 6.5 1.25 0.4 98.5
100 61 1.4 0.3 98.8
180 4.0 120 0.2 9.0
200 4.0 1.0 022 Wek

Passed 200 12.9 So4 0.8 100,0
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Sample 1

This sumple shored a creat deal of organic matte® and a ver:
high rercentaze of silte ‘Co as far as concrete construction is
concerned this cravel could not be used for the same. The
rercentace retained on a 48 inch screen being only 42%, the
recuirements for road prevel are nt met this mirht be used howe
ever ag mointenanse cravel on light traffic roads such as car:nus
or park drives. The following is a iiechanical Analysis data:

 

 

 

Sam. 2

Number Amount Percent § original Cumulative
of rote ined Canple cample Percent: ces
cieve in Grams Retainsé Retained by “eight
4 26.7 26.7

8 15.8 42.5

10 28.9 22.8 13.0 56-5

20 44.5 11.9 609 62.5

ze 19.58 5-2 500 65,3

30 1742 407 £e7 68.0

S& 1467 509 £.8 70.2

40 16.5 404 2e8 72.8

48 54.6 14.7 8,5 61.6

&0 1824 4.9 £228 8328

66 4725 1227 70d 911

80 20.1 5-4 Sed 94.2

100 16.5 4e4 228 96.7

150 85 Led 124 98el
800 5.8 165 0.9 99.0
Passed 200 20 2.0 0.9 100.0

This sumple tested free of organic material and but one
percent silt so thet since all but 16 % passed a #4 screen the
gravel can be used as fine agcreg:te in conorete construction
as well os in asphalt concrete, The following is a ‘iechanical
incslysis dates

 

4 15.8 15.8
f, 15.8 21.26
10 142.58 24.8 171 48.7
20 144.6 £5.22 17.3 66.0
28 70.38 12.2 8.3 74.8
30 51.4 8.9 Ged 80.8
38 S209 Se7 5e8 84.5
40 24.9 4.4 Sei 87 64
48 4962 7.8 525 92.7
50 11.7 £20 125 94.2
65 24.6 4.3 2.9 97el
80 101 128 10d 98e4
300 6e6 1ef 0.8 99e2
180 &eO 0.5 0.4 99.6
200 125 0.8 0.2 99.8

Pacsed £00 1.5 0.2 0.2 100.0
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PIT NUDE 3

Sarple 3

The gravel from this pit showed a slight percentnze of
or eanic material but not enough to make it useless for concrete
it also contained only about 2% silt. About 52% was retained
on g@ number @ screen which would make it not only usefal for
concrete, Agpialt concrety, asphalt shecting but also for use in
maintcnanse of gravel roads. the following is the ‘‘echsnical
Analysis data:

 

 

 

 

hunber Amount Percent “Oricinal Cumulative
Retained Sav pke Sample Percentages
et sve in Grams Kketeined | Ketsined by etght
4 44.6 82.8
8 7k §1.8
10 128.7 1904 Ved — «Bled
£¢ 143.9 2126 10.4 71.6
28 69.2 10.4 §,0 | 76.6
—630 S0ei 7.6 Se6 80.2
36 56.2 5.4 £46 BZ.2
40 S209 4.7 LS 85.1
48 80.5 12.1 6.8 90.9
BO 20.2 528 168 92.7
65 46.1 6.8 504 96.1
&0 1726 226 1.38 97.4
100 12.9 129 0.9 92.38
180 702 10 0.5 98.8
200 §.5 0.8 0.4 99.2
vagsed 200 12.6 Le? 0.8 100.0
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2 684 ORG ae es @ SOe8~- seupers Zhesue rem epee’ Ape toutes
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PIT RU in 4

Sarple 2

This samrle passed a good organio test being almost froc
from thet mat-rlal and contained only about 1% silt about £Og
was retained on a {#4 screen ond about 60% ret-*-ed on a ‘8B
screen.B8o0 the gravel of this pit can be used us fine & mor “ate
for concrete or in construction of base of rrsvel roads or in
maintenance work on gravel roads, The folloving is the ‘celsnical
Analysis datas

 

 

 

NOe Arount Percent @ Original Cumils tive
of Retained Sanple Sa:.ple Percents "es
Sieve in cramg Reta ined Feta ined by “cight
4 21is4 ~1e4

e 1869 $065

10 162.8 5566 19.9 6962

£0 174.0 S506 21.2 G14

£8 OLe8 11.2 bed 305

SC z3e8 Sel Sel 0104

os 906 2.9 lek 9206

6 Ged fei 1d 9309

48 8.0 1.9 1e2 95el

50 128 8.2 004 05058

65 5e4 ve9 0.5 25.0

&0 Sed 0.6 0.5 95.5

100 2.8 0.6 024 95.9

880 226 vst 04 07.5

£00 2.6 004 004 07 e7
Passed 200 5.5 dei 0.8 325
Sample @

About 70% passed + inch soreen which might indicate a
gravel for concrete construction. But due to the smount of orc nic
matier in it, it vould not be best to use it for such work, the
silt in this gravel was low containing only about 2%. <o the brst
us@ to which this could be vut would be for saintenense “ark on
gravel roads -revided it could be used with sample 1. The
following is the .:echanical Analysis data:

4 1162 llel

8.35 1964
10 $5.5 11.1 8e4 27.28
£0 141.6 28e7 L252 51.0
£8 114.9 2508 18.8 69 e8
30 74.3 15.0 12.1 81.7
55 5506 702 6.8 8745
40 21-9 444 $8.8 91.38
48 £8.0 5.6 | 4.5 95.8
S90 607 Led lei 9649
65 828 LeT 1.4 98eS
60 506 0.6 O28 93.9
100 Zeta Ved Oecd 99el
180 lel 008 O28 S3ed
200 led Oe8 0.8 09.5
Passed 200 Seed 0¢6 0.5 100.0
site

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PIT NUMBER §&

Sample 1

This sample tested high in organic matter as well as being
high in silt. Silt amounted to about 15%. This data would
indicate the uselessness of considering the use of this gravel
for concrete or asphalt construction. The sample tested high as
@ road gruvel 76% being retained on the #8 screen. The following
is the Mechanical Analysis datas |

 

 

 

No Amount Percent “0riginal Cumulative

of « . Retained Sample Sample Percentages

Sieve in Grams Retained Retained by “eicht

4 56.0 56.0

8 20.0 76.0

10 68.5 28.6 6.9 82.9

20 63.3 26.4 6.3 89.2

28 EC.2 11.6 208 92-6

30 1669 Tel 1.7 93.67

z bed Se4 0.8 94.5

40 6.3 206 0.6 95.1

48 13.5 §.6 led 96.4

50 £20 fel 0.5 96.9

65 7.0 2e9 0.7 97.6

80 38 1.6 0.4 98.0

100 3e0 lec 0.3 98.8

150 1.7 0.7 Ooc 98.5

£00 Bek 0.6 0.5 98.8

Fassed £00 1@,2% 4.3 Lok 100.0
E5065

Sample 2

 

About 70% passed #4 screen whichmight indicate a gravel
for conorete work. But due to organic matter in this gravel
it would not be best to use it for such. The silt in this gravel
is low containing only about 2%. So the best use to which this
gravel could be put would be for maintenance work on gravel roads
provided it could be used with sample 1. The following is the
nechenical Analysis:

4 51.2 51.2
8 12.5 435.7
10 114.7 <8.6 1562 59.5
20 150.9 5767 21ee 80.3
28 50.5 12.5 6.9 87.2
30 2525 6.5 528 91.0
65 11.9 2.9 1.7 9267
40 7.5 1.9 1.2 9509
48 11¢4 228 1.6 95.5
50 509 0.9 0.6 96.1
65 504 1.5 0.8 96.9
80 50S 0.9 0.6 97.45
100 520 0.7 0.5 98.0
150 1.8 0.5 0.4 98.4
200 1.9 0.5 004 98.8
Passed 200 7.7 1.9 Lek 100.0

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| PIT #6

Sample 1

This gravel tested free of organic matter and contained
only about 2% silt. Mechanical Analysis showed a #4 screen
to retain 65% and a #8 screen to retain 78% , so that the best
use to which this gravel could be put would be in the construction
of gravel roads. The following is the Mechanical Analysis datas:

 

 

 

 

Number Amount Percent foriginal Cumulative
of Retained Sanple Sample Percentages
Sieve in Grams Retained Retained by “elgh
4 64.2 64.2
8 14.38 78.5
10 129.7 52.6 7.0 85.5
20 65.7 16.6 526 89.1
28 2301 §.8 1.2 90.8
30 24.1 6.1 1.5 91.6
o§ 21.9 5.6 1.2 92.8
40 22.0 §.6 1.2 94.0
48 43.7 11.1 204. 96.4
50 14.2 5.6 0.8 97.2
65 23.6 5.9 1.3 98.5
80 9.8 2.4 0.5 99.0
10C 6.6 1.6 0.3 99.8
150 307 0.9 0.2 99.5
200 re | 0.7 Ol 99.6
Passed 200 6.7 1.7 0.4 100.0
SO7.5
Sample 2

 

This sample also was free from organic material md
contained about 4% silt. The 44 screen retained 55% and the
#8 screen contained 66%. This gravel could be used for gravel
road construction,for resurfacing as well as being good gravel
for construction of base of gravel road. The following is the
Mechanical Analysis data:

4 54.1 64.1
8 12.5 66.6
10 89.5 2565 7.8 74.5
<0 97.0 25.2 8e4 82.9
28 58.7 10.5 50S 86.5
50 2209 5.8 1.9 88.35
3558 14.0 O06 1.2 89.5
40 11.5 209 0.9 90.5
48 25-3 6.5 Lek 92.7
50 9.8 206 0.8 935.5
65 24.4 6.5 2el 95.6
80 15.5 Sed lel 96.7
100 11.5 209 0.9 97.7
150 6.9 20 0.7 98.4
<00 5.5 1.4 0.4 98.8
Passed 200 15.6 4.0 1.2 100.0
os

 

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PIT #6 CONTINUED.

Sample o

T:18 sample showed both a high percentage of organics
material <nd@ also silt material. The percentage of sj{lt amounted
to about 20%. Due to this and to the screen analysis, which
showed 50% on a #4 screen and 62% on a #8 screen, the gravel is
best suited for gravel road construction cither base or surface
and can also be used for maintenance of gravel roads. The
following is the echanical Analysis data:

 

 

Number Amount Percent “Original Gumalative
of Retained Sample Sample -ercentages
Sieve in Grems Retained Retained by “eight
4 50.0 50.0

8 13.2 63.2

10 49.5 16.5 6.0 69.2

20 50.3 16.5 6.2 7504

28 26.6 8.7 Sef 78.6

50 2767 91 504 82.0

o5 24.5 7.9 209 84.9

40 22.8 7.5 28 87.7

48 45.3 14.8 5.5 93.2

50 12.1 5.9 1.4 94.6

65 19.5 6.35 Led 96.9

80 8.7 2.6 1.0 97.9

100 §.8 1.9 0.7 98.6

150 Dek lel 0.4 99.0

200 2.6 0.8 0.3 99.5
Passed £00 6,0 1.9 0.7 100.0
2888592 6
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PIT NUMBER 7

Sample 1

The gravel from this pit tested free from organic matter
and contained silt to the amount about 10%. Since only about

46% was retained on the #8 screen it would seem that this gravel
would be rather poor for road gravel and would have to be screened
for fine agcregate in concrete and asphalt concrete construction.
It might be used for gravel road maintenance although it is below
specifications. The following is the Mechanical Analysis data:

 

 

 

Number Amount Percent €0riginal Cumlative
of Retained Sample Sample Percentages
Sieve in Grams Reta ined keta ined by ‘eight
4 45.0 45.0

8 1.0 46.0

10 90.6 25.6 15.8 59.8

20 105.0 2928 16.1 75.9

28 40.1 11.5 6el 82.0

50 2528 6.8 56 85.6

55 15.6 509 2.0 87 47

40 10.0 2.8 1.5 89.2

48 17.9 5.1 2e7 91.9

50 5.8 1.7 0.9 92.8

65 7.7 22 1.2 94.00

80 4.2 lez 0.6 94.7

100 @.1 1.2 0.6 95.4

150 205 0.7 0.4 95.7

200 4.z 1.2 6.4 96.5
Passed 200 22.5 6.4 60S 100.0
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PIT NUMBE:x 8

Sample 1

This gravel showed very little organic material and was
passed ss fit to use in concrete it tested about 7 % silt
The ‘echanical Analysis gave 56 % retained on a #4 soreen
and 69% on the £8 screen which would indicate thst the gravel
might be best used for gravel road construction. The gravel
from this pit at present is being used for that purpose. The
following is the Mechanical Anelysis datas

 

 

 

 

Number Amount Percent Z0riginal Cumulative
of Retained Sample — camrle Percentages
Sieve in Grams Reta insd retained by sight
4 §6.2 56.2

8 15.0 69.2

10 99.2 28.7 8.9 78el

20 94.1 27 4 8.5 86.6

28 40.5 11.7 506 90.2

30 26.7 7.8 2.5 92.8
35 - 1724 5.0 1.5 94.0

40 15.0 507 del 95el

48 21.5 6.2 1.9 97.0

50 6e2 1.8 0.6 97.6

65 8.9 2e5 0.8 98.4

80 4.1 1.2 0.5 98.9
100 Sed 0.9 0.5 99.2

150 20 0.5 O01 99.38
200 fel 0.5 0.1 99.4
Passed 200 7.0 Lel 0.6 100.0
SeacesenehKeeunee
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PIT NUMBER 9

Ssmple 1

This gravel tested as containing organic materia} and also
showed about 9% silt. Mechanical Analysis showed about 36%
retainec on a #4 screen and about 57% retained on a #8 screen.
The organic matier in the gravel makes it useless for concrete
construction so that it would seem that this sample would be
best fitted for gravel road base construction or for maintenance
of gravel rocdsae The following is the Mechanical Analysis data:

 

 

 

 

Number Amount Percent “Original Cumulative
of Retained Sample San.ple Percent sges
Sieve in Grams Retained Retained by “Weigh

4 55.6 55.6

8 214 57.0

10 1123.1 SLeT 14.1 71.1

20 05.26 <B8.4 12.8 83.4

28 Slel 9.1 59 87.5

30 15.3 4.5 1.9 89.2

o& 11.4 306 1.5 90.7

48 13.0 3.8 1.6 95.5

50 2.5 0.7 0.5 935.6

65 7.2 2el 0.9 94.5

80 4.7 14 0.6 95.1

100 Sol 4.5 0.6 $8.7

150 4.5 1.2 0.5 96.2

£00 §.8 1.7 0.7 96.9
Passed 2C0 o4eSd | Tel Sel 100.0
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Semple 1

This gravel tested free of organic matter which showed a
very high percentage of silt, the amount being about 20% to 25%.
This latter would make &@he gravel useless for concrete construction
The !:echanical Analysis showed about 32% retained on a #4 screen
and 51% on the 48 screen. ‘fhus it would seem that the gravel from
this pit could be best used for maintenance of gravel roads. The
folloring is the Mechanical Analysis data;

 

 

 

 

e

Number Amount Percent férhginal | Cumulative
of Retained Sample Sa::ple Percentages
Sieve in Grams Reta ined Retained by "eight
4 550d 5303

8 17.5 50.5

10 115.8 58.6 292k 69.7

20 57.0 19.4 96 79.5

28 12.0 4.1 2.0 81.5

30 6.6 209 1.4 82.7

36 767 206 1.3 84,0

40 £ @ 2 2 ® 1 1 ® 0 85-6 0

48 11.8 4.0 ze9 87.0

50 4.7 106 0.8 87.8

65 8.6 2e9 1.4 89.2

80 4.8 1.6 0.8 g0.0

100 46 1.6 0.7 90.7

150 505 lef 0.6 91.38

200 4.9 Le? 0-7 92.0
Passed 200 45.5 16.2 8.0 100.0
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PIT WU: PER 11

Sample 1

This gravel tested freeoof organic matter and showed silt
present to the amount of about 10%. The iechanical Analysis
showed the #4 screen to retain 60% and the #8 th retain about
75%. This would indicate that the gravel could be best used
for road gravel construction.

This pit had a great deal of over size so that our sample
was not as representative as sample as it ought to have been
and in order to get the gravel suited for gravel road construction
much of the over size would have to be thrown out. The following
is the iiechanical Analysis datas:

 

 

 

 

Number Amount Percent %0riginal Cumulative
of Retained Sample Sa..ple Percen tages
Sieve in Grams Retained Retained by “eight
4 60.0 60,0
8 15.0 75.0
10 94.8 18.6 4.6 79.6
20 93.5 18.3 4.5 84.1
28 §2.4 10.3 226 86.7
30 45.9 9.0 Zed 89.0
35 54.2 6.7 1.7 90.7
40 30.5 5.9 1.5 92.2
—648 62.7 13.2 363 95.5
50 15.5 500 0.7 96.2
65 34.7 6.35 1.6 97.8
80 14.5 28 0.7 98.5
100 11.0 20k 0.6 99.1
150 76S 1.4 0.3 99.4
200 5.0 0.9 0.2 99.6
Passed 200 8.5 1.7 0.4 100.0
oer
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PIT NUNBIR 12

Sample 1

The gravel from this pit contained a very high percentazce
of organic matter «nd showed about 5% silt. The Mechanical
Analysis showed the #4 screen to retain about 35% and the #8 screen
to retain about 50%. This showed the gravel to be of poor quality
throughout and could be used for nothing except maintenance of
gravel rosds. But even this could not be done for the pit was
practically worked out. However, the land or hill adjacent to
the pit seemed to contain a gravel of about the same nature as
that of the pit. The followinz is the jiechanical Snalysis data:

 

 

 

Number Amount Percent “Original Cumulative
of Retained Sample Sa.:.ple Percentages
Sieve in Grams Retained Reta ined by “eight
4 Odeo 5308

8 16.6 49.9

10 165.0 58.4 19.2 69.1

20 133601 51.0 15.5 84.6

28 44.1 10.2 501 | 89.7

80 26.5 6.2 5.5 93.2

35 16.35 58 1.9 95.1

40 10.3 24 lel 96.2

48 15.4 326 1.7 97.9

50 £9 0.7 0.4 98.38

65 5.0 lee 0.6 98.9

80 1.9 0.4 0.2 99el

100 1.8 0.4 0.2 99.5

150 lel 0.35 0.1 99.4

200 1.3 0.2 0.1 99.8
Pissed 200 4.4 1.0 0.5 100.0
+

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PIT t:uhBEA 1S

Sample 1

The gravel from this pit contained a high percentace of
organic matter and showed silt present to the amount of about
6%. The sechanical gnalyeis showed the number 4 screen to retain
39% and the #8 sercen to retain 51%.Bue to the presence of organic
matter the ger:vel cannot be used for concrete and the sieve test
would indicate the zrevel best suited for maintenance of -raevel
rocds, The following is the Mechanical Analysis catas

 

 

 

Number Amount rercent “Original Cumulative
of Retained Sample Sample Percent’ ges
cleve in Grams ketained Retained | by “éigh

4 58.8 5828

8 11.5 50,5

10 115.2 24.4 12.1 62.4

20 157.0 29 el 14.5 769

28 77.0 16.4 Bek 85,1

30 53.8 11-8 DeD 91,0

35 2604 505 Ze 93,7

40 16.1 See 1.6 95.5

48 28.3 45 Lek 97.5

50 4.0 0.8 04 97.9

65 6ek 1.5 0.6 98,5

80 2.6 0.5 0.2 98,7

100 228 0.5 0.35 99,0

£50 1.6 0.5 0.2 99,2

200 1.7 0.5 0.2 9944
Passed <CO 6.4 103 0.6 180.0
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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PIT NULER 14 ~~

Sample 1

The gravel from this pit showed a very high percentage
of orgsnic material which indicated the gravel useless for
concrete construction. Cilt sas present to the amoukt of about
2%. Mechanical Analysis showed the #4 screen to retain about
17 € and the 48 sereen to rctain about 23%. This screen test
would indicate the sample as conercte gravel but due to the
organic matter present it could not be used for such. So from
the above data it would seem that the gravel in this pit is
practically useless. The following is the ‘iechanical Analysis data:

 

 

 

Number Amount Percent GOrircinal Cumul stive
of Ketaeined Sample Sample Percentages
Sicve in Grams Retained Reta ined by "eight
4 16.8 16.8

8 Ged Soel

10 835-5 13.2 10.1 Seek

20 146.9 2502 17.9 51.1

28 111.5 17.5 1é.5 64.6

oO 8647 135.6 10.4 75.0

os 47.4 7.5 58 80.8

40 S402 5.4 4.2 8520

48 62.6 9.8 7-5 92-5

50 15.9 Lek 1.7 94.2

65 26.2 4.0 Sel 97.5

80 10.2 1.6 1.2 95.5

100 5.€ 0.9 0.7 9962

150 2e€ 0.4 0.3 99.5

<00 1-9 0.5 0.2 99.7
Passed 200 9.7 0.4 0.5 100.0
. 4 a
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Se eat ao ae Cricsco- Htwrone NO 350

 
PIT NUWBE. 15

Sample 1

The gravel from this pit tested free from organic mat er
and showed silt present to the amount of about 6% liechanical
Analysis showed the #4 screen to retain 50% and the #8 screen to
retain 67%. This would indicate that altho the crevel could be
used for conecrcte construction it could be best used for er«vel
road construction. The following is the 'fechanical Analysis data:

 

 

 

 

Number Amount Percent “Original Cumulative
of Reta ined Sample Sample Percent: ves
cieve in Grams Retained Retained by “eipht
4 | 50.0 50.0

8 16.6 66.6

10 Locel 40.4 13.4 80.0

20 171.4 29.6 9.9 89 9

28 © 51.9 8.9 208 92.35

30 5025 5.35 1.8 94.6

35 19.2 Sed lel 95.7

40 13.0. Led 0.8 96.5

48 14.0 234 0.8 97.35

50 Tee 1.2 0.4 97.47

65 11.6 £20 0.6 98.5

80 5.9 1.0 0.3 98.6

100 4.8 0.8 0.5 98.9

150 Sed 0.6 0.5 99.2

200 Sel 0.6 0.2 99.4

Passed 200 9.6 1.7 0.58 99.9
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PIT NUUBLR 16
Sample 1

This sample of gravel tested high in organic matter it also
tested very high in silt. The silt contained in thia cravel
amounted to nearly 40% of the sand. The Itechanical Analysis
showed the £8 screen to retain 50%. The above data would indica’'e
the gravel as best fitted for gravel road maintenance. The
following is the iNechanical Analysis data:

 

Number Amount Percent “Original Cumulative
of Reteined Sample Sample Percentages
Sieve in Grams Retained Retained by “eight
4 5748 57.8
8 15.5 51.1
10 69.0 11.3 5.8 54.7
20 965.2 16.9 8.7 63.4
28 57.5 10.3 5.5 68.7
SO 71.5 12.7 6.6 75.3
358 67.4 12.1 6235 81.6
40 55.47 94 4.8 66.4
48 79.6 14.35 74 95.8
50 13.6 2e2 lez 95.0
65 21.6 3-8 1.9 96.9
80 967 1.8 0.9 97.8
100 8.1 1.4 0.8 98.6
160 4e1 0.8 0.5 99.1
200 Sed 0.6 0.4 99.5
Passed 200 729 0.8 0.5 100.0

®
Sample 2

 

This sample was practically free from orgesntécs material
and tested silt to the amount of about 2%. tiechanical Analysis
shows a #4 screen to retain 50%, a #8 screen to retain 65%.
This would indicate a good ;ravel for ei*t’:cr gravel construction
or concrete and asphalt concrete construction. The color of the
avel would indicate the vresence of ironeoxide. The following
s the #“echanical Analysis data:

4 £0.0 50.0
8 12.5 62.5
10 114.4 Soe? 1267 76.2
20 90.6 26.8 10.1 85.38
38 25.5 725 2.8 88.1
50 16.0 4.7 1-8 89.9
o5 12.0 eS 1.5 91.2
40 11.5 Oe4 1.5 92.5
48 25-8 Ted 2.6 95el
§0 5.8 1.7 0.6 95.7
6 8.1 204 0.9 96.6
80 Sof 1.0 0.4 97.0
100 506 del 0.4 97.4
150 30 0.9 0.4 97.8
200 4.4 1.3 0.5 98.5
Passed 200 18.1 4.5 1.7 100.0
985 dee
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PIT ii LT
Sample 1

This gravel tested free of organic matter and showed silt
present to the smount of about 6%. The “echanical Analysis
showed the #4 screen to contain about 43% and a //8 screen to
contain 57%. These facts rould indicate that the gravel could be
used for maintenance work, base construction of -ravel roads,
or could be used for concrete construction. This sample was
taken from deep in the pit. The following is the “‘echanical
Anslysis datas

 

 

Number Amount Percent “Oricinal Cumulative
of Retained Sample Sample Percentages
cleve in Grams Retained Retained by veight
4 42.8 42.8

8 14.38 57.1

10 241.1 5804 16.5 73.6

<0 147.9 23-6 10.1 83.7

£8 41.1 6.6 2.8 86.5

30 26.6 4.2 1.8 88.5

55 18.5 229 1.2 89.5

40 14.8 Eo4 1.0 90.5

48 24.5 509 1.7 9262

50 G4 1.5 0.6 92.8

65 . 12.7 Zee 0.9 col

&0 9.8 135 0.6 94.3

100 10.35 1.6 C.7 95.0

150 €.5 1.5 0.7 95.7

200 12.0 1.9 0.9 96.9
Frassed 200 42.9 7.8 3Se4 100.0
Semple 2

This ssmple was also free from organic matter and contained
about 4% silt. The ktechanical Analysis chowed a #4 screen to
contain 40% and #8 to contein 50%. These facts indicate cood
concrete construction gravel as well as fairly good i:airntenance
gravel for grevel road construction and esphalt concrete constructio:
The following is the Mecharical Analysis datas

4 40.0 40.0
8 10.0 50.0
10 129.2 2726 18.8 63.8
20 126.1 26.8 1564 77.2
28 58.9 12.8 6.4 85.6
SO 41.6 8.8 4.4 88.0
35 28.2 6.0 5.0 91.0
40 19.8 4.2 Zel 95el
48 S229 7.0 505 96.6
50 Tek 1.6 0.8 97.4
65 Gel 1.9 0.9 98.5
80 5e8 0.8 0.6 98.7
100 208 0.6 0.8 99.0
150 16 0.5 02 99.2
200 1.8 0.4 0.2 99.4
Passed 200 Se9 1.5 0.6 100.0
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PIT NUs.be nu 17 CC..rINUED

Semple 3

Tis sample was also free from or-anic matter and contained
about 9% silt. The Mechanical Analysis shcwed the ;/4 screen to
contain 46% and the /8 screen to contain 57%, Altho this eravel
covld be used in concrete it would seem best fitted for maintenance
of gravel road and concrete base construction. The followins is
the *echanical Analysis data:

 

 

Number Amount Percent “Original Cumuletive
of Retained Sample Sample Percenteres
Sieve in Grams Retained Retained by teignt
4 46.00 46.0

§ 11.0 57 0

10 140.6 26.6 10.2 67-2
20 149.2 28.2 10.9 7861

<8 68.5 llel 4.35 B2e4

50 51,0 9.7 Se 86.1

od 5508 6.8 2.6 88.7

40 £235 .4 4.5 1.7 90.4
86 6.6 1.2 0.5 93.1

65 8.9 1.7 0.8 935.9

80 wed 6-6 205 96.4
100 Sel Se9 2.35 98.7
150 Lek 0.4 0.2 98.9
200 2e5 0.4 0.2 99.1
Tass@ad 200 11.1 2el 0.9 180.0
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PIT NUABER 18

Sample 1

The gravel of this pit showed a slight trace of organic
matter and about 5% silt. The liechanical Analysis showed the
#4 screen to retain about 47% and #8 screen to retain 60%. The
data would seem to indicate that this gravel could be best used
on construction and maintenance of cravel roads, altho it might
also be used for concercte construction since the amount of org:nic
matter was very little. The following is the “echanical Analysis
data:

 

Number Amount Percent £0riginal Cumulative
of Retained Sample Sample Nercentages
Sieve in Grams Retained Retained by eigh
4 46.7 46.7

8 13.35 60.0

10 161.8 40.0 16.0 76.0

20 102.4 2525 ll 2 87.2

28 29 24 7d 209 90.1

30 16.1 39 1.6 91.7

05 10.1 25 1.0 92.7

40 7.2 1.7 0.7 93.4

48 15.8 So9 1.5 94.9

50 5.2 1.5 0.5 95.4

65 9.1 2.2 0.9 96.5

80 §.8 1.4 0.6 96.9

100 §.1 Le4 0.5 97.4

150 3.8 0.9 0.4 98.8

200 4.2 1.0 0.4 98.2
Passed 200 1905 4.8 1.8 100.0
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c<ample 1

The grave] from this pit tested free from organic matter
and contained about 12% silt. The Mechanical Analysis showed
the #4 screen to retain 47% and #8 screen to contain 72%. This
would indicate a very zood grade of rosd gravel and could be best
used in gravel ro d construction expecially for surface work.
The following is the Mechanical Analysis cata:

 

 

Number Amount Percant gOriginal Cumul ative
of Retained Sexple cample Percents ges
Sieve in Grams Retained Retained by “eight
4 \ 57.2 57.2

8 14.9 71.5

10 116.7 o1eS 9.0 80.5

20 102.8 27.8 7.9 88.4

28 47.9 12.9 Sel 92el

30 29el 7-9 205 94.4

55 17.8 4.7 Lec 95.7

40 11.2 5.0 0.9 96.56

48 17.5 4.7 1.5 97.9

50 41 lel 0.3 98.2

65 6.2 1.7 0.5 98.7

80 Sed 0.9 0.3 99.0
100 Sel 0.8 0.2 99.2

150 24 0.6 0.2 9944

200 Lee 0.6 0.1 99.5

Passed 200 6.8 1.8 0.5 100.0
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oo PIT liUicBick 20 >

Sample 1

The gravel in this pit was tested and found free of orgiunic
matter and contained about 4% silt. Ti:e l.echanical Analysis
showed the #4 screen to contain 6% and the #4 screen to contain
6%. This data would indicate that the grave: could be best used
in concrete or asphalt concrete construction. The following is
the Iiechanieal Analysis datas: :

 

Number Amount Percent %0riginal Cumulative
of Reta ined Sample Sample Percents ces
Sieve in crams Retained Retained by “eight
4 6.5 6.5

8 6e2 12.5

10 : 130.8 19.4 16.2 28.7

<0 226.4 5504 £9.25 58.2

28 1135.6 16.8 14.8 73528

30 66.5 9.8 8.7 81.7

36 S661 565 4.7 86.4

40 244 507 Sed 89.7

48 38.7 5.7 5.0 94.7

50 8.4 1.2 1.2 95.9

65 14.2 Zel 19 97.8

80 6.2 0.7 0.7 98.5

100 4.9 0.6 0.6 99.1

150 1.6 0.3 0.5 99.4

200 Lez 0.2 0.2 99.6
Passed 200 Sel 0.5 0.4 100.0

@

Sample 2

This sample also tested free of organic matter and contained
about 9% silt. The Mechanical Analysis showed the #4 screen
to retain 24% and the #8 to retain 40%. This would indicate
good gravel for use in concrete and concfete asphalt construction.
It is from this pit that iiichigan Agricultural College gets
ite gravel for concrcte construction. It is estiraeted that the
pit contains 60,000 cubic yards of this grével. The following
ig the iiechanical Analys&& data: :

4 23526 23.6
8 14.5 O79
10 11.5 19.4 11.6 51.6
20 148.1 40.2 24.2 75.8
28 65.6 17.2 10.2 86.0
350 S302 9.0 6.5 91.5
05 16.7 4.5 26 93.9
40 10.9 59 2.2 96.1
48 13.9 Se Lek 98.5
50 Zel 0.6 0.3 98.6
65 506 0.9 0.6 99.2
80 1.0 0.35 0.2 99.6
100 0.8 0.2 0.1 99.5
150 1.5 0.1 0.1 99.6
200 0.5 0.1 0.1 99.7
Passed 200 24 0.6 0.5 100.0
 
 
PIT NUMBER 21

 

Sample 1

This sample showed a slight trace of organic msterial but
not enough to make it useless for concrete. It showed a silt
test of cabout 4%. The “echenical Analysis showed a #4 screen to
contain 50% and 48 screen to retain 65%. This gravel could be
used for concrete construction but as it stands is best suited for
gravel road construction and maintenance. The following is bhe
Mechanical Analysis data:

 

 

Number Amount Percent “Original Cumulative

of Retained Sample Sample Percentages

Eieve|  $ in Grams Retained Retained by Neight

4 50.0 50.0

8 15.20 65.0

10 117.9 29 9 10.5 7569

20 123.8 51.4 11.0 86.5

28 50.8 12.8 12.5 91.0

30 <8.8 7d 2e5 95.5

35 10.4 267 0.9 94.4

40 9e2 23 0.8 95.2

48 15.9 4.0 14 96.6

50 4.8 1,2 0.4 97.0

65 11.2 2.8 1.0 98.0

80 665 1.6 0.6 98.6

100 6.2 1.5 0.5 99el

150 26 6.6 0.5 99.4

200 1.9 0.6 0.35 9967

Passed 200 Seo 0.8 00d 100.0
SOULE

Sample 2

This sample also tested free of organic matter and about
7% silt. The ‘iechanical Analysis shored #4 screen to retain
45 £ and #8 screen to retain 62%. It can be put to the same uses
as sample 1. The following is the Mechanical Analysis data:

4 44.6 44.6
8 16.7 61.35
10 116.8 04.24 13.2 74.5
20 101.8 29.5 11.38 85.8
28 Coe4 10.0 507 89.5
00 18.1 5.2 220 91.5
o§ Cc 10.5 Sel 12 92.7
40 75 Lek 0.9 93.8
48 16.3 4.7 1.8 95.4
50 5.6 1.6 0.6 96.0
65 12.4 Sef 14 97.4
80 765 Sel 0.8 98.2
100 5.2 1.5 0.6 98.8
150 28 0.8 0.5 99el
200 1.7 0.5 0.2 99.35
Passed 200 §.8 1.7 0.7 100,0
 

 
  

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PIT NUNEER@1 CONTINUED.

Sample 3$

This sample tested practically the same as the other
two which shows a uniformity thrueout the pit. The following is
the “echanical Analysis data:

Number Amount Percent “Original Cumula tive

 

Retained Sample Samrle Percentages
cieve. an.Gremg Retained Reteined by eight
4 47.1 47.1
8 17.6 64.7
10 154.5 Bee 1345 78.5
20 112.2 27.47 9.8 88el
Bs 34.2 8.4 209 91.0
00 20.6 6.0 1.8 92.8
o5 13.5 Sed 12 94,0
40 9.4 Zed 0.8 94.8
48 20.9 5k 1.8 96.6
50 6.6 1.6 0.6 97.2
65 1167 209 1.2 28.4
80 7.0 Le 0.6 $9.0
100 4.9 1.2 0.4 29.4
150 2e5 0.6 0.1 99.5
200 220 0.5 0.2 99.7
Passed 200 Se 0.9 0.35 100.0
 
PIT NUMBER 2

 

Sample 1

The grevel in this pit tested free of organic matter and
showed silt to the amount of about 3%. The ‘iechanical Analysis
srowec 44 screen to retain 35% and 48 scre:n to rctain 59%.

From this deta it apresars that the crevel from this pit can be
used for gravel rocd maintenance and bese construction as ‘ell as
concr te and asphalt concrete pavements. The following is the
Mechanical Anelysés data:

 

 

Number of Amount Percent “Original Cumulative
of Retained Sampie Sample Percentages
cLieve in Grems Rete ined Rete ined by “eight
4 55.8 5500

8 2ve5 68.9

1O 148.7 SS oS 13.9 Tee?

20 22267 27 26 11.6 84.5

28 46.4 10.6 4.6 8.9

50 24,2 5.2 225 91.2

55 15.9 Se 1.7 9209

40 10.2 2e4 1.2 94.1

48 17.8 4e1 1.8 95.9

50 54 1.5 0.7 96.6

65 967 Led 1.0 97.6

80 4.2 0.9 0.5 98.1

100 4.5 1.0 0.5 98.6

150 Sek 0.8 0.4 99.0
200 4.4 1.0 0.5 99.5
Passed £00 . Sel 1.2 0.5 100.0
 

 

Te

 

 
PIT NUMBER 23

Sample 1

The gravel from this ample is free from orgenic matter
but conteins a very high percentage of silt, the amount being
about 20%. The Mechanical Analysis <howec the #4 screen to retain
55% and £8 to retain 77%. Therefore this gravel is best sufted for
reve road construction. The following is the Mechanical Analysis
data : |

 

 

Number Amount Percent COriginal Cumulative

of Retained Sample Sample Percentages

cleve in Grams Retained Retained by “eight.

4 55.0 55,0

8 2252 779k

10 123.6 28.1 6.4 83.6

20 138.2 51.7 72 90.8

28 250 5.7 1.5 92e1

30 7.9 1.8 0.4 92.5

355 Sel 1.2 Oed 92.8

40 Gea 1.4 0.5 93el

48 27 of 602 Led 94,5

50 14.8 54 0.8 9503

65 5306 7.9 1-8 97.1

80 16.9 58 0.8 97.9

1.0 lel 228 0.6 98.5

150 7.0 1.6 0.4 98.9

200 6.8 1.5 0.8 9902

Passed 200 123.5 Sel 0.8 100.0
Boo |

Sample 2

TTS sample was tested and found to contain organic matter
and +«lso a high percentage of silt. Mechanical Anslysis showed

44 screen to vetain 21% and #8 to retain 37%. So from the data
above it would seem that this gravel was almost useless as it meets
the requirements for neither grevel nor concrete constructions.

The following is the liéechanical Analysis data:

4 22.02 22.2
8 1666 58.8
10 161.7 49.2 50.0 68.8
<0 60.5 18.4 11.3 80.1
28 1562 4.6 2.8 8229
00 llec oe4 £12 85,0
o§ 11-4 oe5 Z2el 87.1
40 10.8 303 Zel 89.2
48 204 Tel 4.3 93.58
50 762 Lek 15 95.0
65 10.4 Sel 109 96.9
80 4.5 124 0.8 97.7
100 29 0.8 0.5 98.2
150 1.6 0.5 0.3 98.5
200 168 6.6 03S 98.8
Passed 200 6.4 Led Lez 100.0

Sample 38
eis sample due to the very high percentage of silt and
a low percentage retained on a #8 screen, could be used for

paintenance of gravel roads only. It gave a fairly good organic
BVe
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PIT N.MBER 24

Bample 1

This sample contains a high percentage of organic matter
and showed about 5% silt. Mechanical Analysis showed the #4
screen to retain about 31% and #8 screen to retain 48%. Due to
the amount of stripping necessary at the pit it would he hard
to gct a good grade of gravel out. So the only thing for which
this could be used would be maintenanoe of gravel roxsds, altho
the gravel does not meet the necessary requirements. The following
is the “echanical Analysis datas

 

 

Kumber Amount Percent ZOriginal Curmlative
of Retained Sample Sample Percentages
cieve in Grams Retained retained by ‘eight
4 5165 51,5

8 16.8 481

10 128.1 30.3 15.7 63.8

<0 97.9 Z5ek 12.1 759

<8 3726 8.9 446 80.5

30 32.6 729 4.1 84 6

35 2746 6.5 5e4 88.0

40 24.6 5.8 30 98.0

48 3504 Be4 4.3 95.38

50 78 1.8 09 96.2

Ste 11.3 2e6 164 97.6

80 54 1c 0.7 98,5

100 4.7 lel 0.6 98.9

150 2e5 0.6 0.35 99.2

z00 Zel 0.5 0.5 99.5
“assed 200 4.5 lel 0.5 100.0
 
PIT HUMBER 25

Sample 1

The gravel from this pit tested free of orzanic matter and
gave a low silt test. ‘Mechanical Analysis shows the #4 screen
retaining a 38% and #8 screcn retaining 57% This gravel might
be used eigher for concrete and asphalt concrete or gravel road
maintenance. The trouble with this pit is that a creat deal of
stripping is necessary. The following is the Mechanical Analysis

data:
%0riginal

 

 

Number Arount Percent Cumulative
of Retained Sample Saicple Percentages
Sieve in Gramg Retained Reta ined by “elgh
4 57.5 37 5

8 15.8 565

10 6504 14.7 6.4 62.7

20 7625 1707 77 70.4
28 48.1 11.2 4.9 Wed
SO 41,2 9.5 4.1 79.4
o5 3025 Tee Sek 82.6
40 25el1 6.8 wea 85.1
48 69.8 15.8 662 91.5

50 12.5 2.9 15 92.6

65 51.5 74 See 95.8
80 13.5 Sel 1.5 O7el
100 10.6 25 lel 98e2
150 6e1 1.4 0.6 268
200 4.5 1.0 0.4 9962
assed £00 Bez 1.8 0.8 100.0
TU Me MeL Oe SM gee,

 
PIT RUEBER 26

Sarple 1

the gravel of this pit tested high in organic material and
tested silt to the amount ofsabout 25%. Mechanical Analysis shows
this gravel as best suited for gravel road construction about
74% being retained on #8 screen. The following is the ‘.echanical

AnalysssS date:

 

 

Number Amount Percent £0riginal Cumulative
of Retained Sample Sample Percentages
Sieve in Grams Retained Retz ined by “eight
4 60.0 60.6
g 13.8 Ted
10 112.0 51.4 8.7 81,0
20 113.7 51.5 867 69.7
oe 40.4 11.3 Sel 92.8
50 20.5 5.7 a.6 94.4
§ 11.9 Sed 0.9 95.5
40 04 1.5 04 95.7
68 12.5 Oe? 1.0 96.7
50 £05 0.6 0.2 96.9
65 6.5 24 0.8 9767
80 4.6 1.3% 0.4 98.1
100 507 1.6 0.4 98.5
150 208 lel 035 98.3
200 58 1.l 0.3 99.1
Passed 200 12,0 3e4 0.9 100.0
 
PIT NUABER 27
Sample 1

The gravel of this pit was tested and found free of organic
matter showed ahout 7% silt. ‘Mechanical Analys&&@ showed #4 screen
to retain 42% and #48 to retain 57%. This gravel may be used for
base construction of gravel road or for concrete and asphalt
concrete construction.

(The gravel was being shipped to Pay City for Concrete use)
(freicht charges on the @ravel being $150 per yard) The following
is the .echanical Analysis data:

 

 

Number Amount Percent <Original Cumulative
of Retained cample San.ple Percentages
cleve in Grams Ketained Retained by “eight
4 42.1 4261
8 14.8 56.9
10 172.1 40.5 17.4 74.5
20 142.8 5205 14.4 88 «7
22 37,0 7e7 Sed 92.0
350 17). 4.9 1.7 93.7
35 11.2. 206 lel 94.8
40 4.9 lel We 5 95.5
48 15.7 oe” 1.6 96.9
50 4.9 lel 0.5 97.4
65 7.9 1.9 0.9 9565
80 60% 0.9 0.4 93.7
100 Bek 0.7 045 99.0
150 8.1 G.5 OZ 9:92
z00 1.9 04 O62 99.4
rassed 200 De4 1d OPS 100.0

@
Sarple 2

 

This sampls3 was also found free of organic matter ind tested
spout 8% silt. The “echanical Analysis tsst showed #4 screen
to retain 40% and #8 scree: to rotain 60%.fhis.gravel can be
used as above, The following is the liecnanical Analysk& cata:

4 40,0 40.0
8 <090 60.0
10 121.5 39.7 15.8 75.8
20 108.5 05.6 1467 90.5
28 18.5 Bez 2e8 935.0
00 74 2e4 1.0 94.0
oS 4.9 126 0.6 94.6
40 eS Lez 0.5 95el
48 7.6 225 1.0 96 1
50 50d Lel 0.4 96.5
65 4.5 1.5 0.5 97.0
80 500 1.0 0.4 9744
100 3.8 1.0 0.4 97.8
150 229 0.7 0.35 98.1
<00 See lel 0.4 98.4
Passed 200 1302 4.38 1.6 100.0
 
. : / nt,

  
 

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glist: aiid :
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PIT NU.PE® 28

Sanple 1

The gravel from this pit tested free of organic meterial
and contained about 8% silt. ‘“echanical Analysis gave o #4 screen
as retoining 25% and #8 screcn as retaining 37%. This date seems
to indicate that the gravel could best be vsed for a concrete
and ssrphalt concrete construction.

The cravel st this pit is used in concrete construction and
manufacturs of ctr:cat blocks. ‘fhe followin:; is the wWecianical
Analysis data;

 

 

Number Amount Percent “Original Cumlative
of Petelaing fanple Sample rercent: ges
Sieve in Grans Retained Retained by eimit
4 £5,0 25-0

8 12,0 5725

10 11726 20.7 15.0 50.5

20 122.0 21.6 13.5 64.0

£8 61.0 10.8 6.7 707

30 4901 8.8 5.5 76.2

35 5504 509 5o7 79.9

40 ZT ol 4.8 500 8209

46 S2.F 9.4 509 88.8

50 15.2 267 1e7 90.5

65 S507 6.4 4.0 94.5

80 16.2 209 1.8 96.5

100 14.1 25 1.6 979

150 709 14 0.9 98.8
200 4.9 0.8 0.5 99.5
Pesced 200 6e€ 1.2 0.7 100.0
ek AL Oe MEL ey

   

aeneroee eee:
PIT 2.Ucki Sy

 

Sampbe 1

The gravel from this pit tected free irom organic mattcr and
contained about 15% silt. The -.echanical Anelysis showed a {4
screen to retain 44% and the //8 to retain 54%. This cravel
could be used for maintenance stork of gravel ro:.ds as wetl as for
concrcte and asphalt concrete constfuction. Cement blocks were
manufactured at this pit. The following is the ‘‘echanical ‘Analysis

 

 

data:

Number Amount Percent “Original Cumulative

of Ketained Sample Sample Percenta eg

Sieve in Grems Retained Retained by “eight

4 435.8 43.8

8 12.5 56.35

10 116.8 29.9 13.2 69.5

20 157.6 40.4 17.7 87.2

<8 5726 9-6 4.2 91.4

50 15.6 4.0 1.7 93.1

35 8.8 2e5 lel 94.2

a0 6.2 1.7 0.7 94.9

48 12.1 Sel 1.4 96.5

50 4.5 lel 0.5 96.8

65 7.5 1.9 0.8 94.6

80 4a lel 0.4 98.0

100 5.8 0.9 0.4 98.4

150 2.6 0.7 0.5 98.7

200 2.8 0.7 0.3 99.0

Passed <00 9.5 24 1.0 100.0
Soo~o

Sample 2

This sample contained organic matter and tested still to the
amount of 8%. The iiechanical Analysis and organic test showed the
gravel best fitted for maintenance work and construction of base
for gravel roads. The following is the liechanical Analysis data:

4 43.8 43.8
8 15.6 59.4
10 128.6 41.5 16.8 76,2
20 90.6 29.2 11.9 88.1
28 22.8 Ted 29 91.0
30 13.1 4.2 Le7 92.7
55 9.1 2.9 1.2 93.9
40 6-9 Lek 0.9 94.8
48 15.35. 4.9 2.0 96.8
50 4.7 1.5 0.6 974
68 74 2.4 1.0 98.4
80 Se7 1.2 0.5 98.9
100 2.8 0.9 8.4 99.35
150 1.3 0.4 0.2 99.5
200 1.2 0.4 0.2 99.7
Passed 200 2.5 0.8 0.3 100.0
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PIT ‘ULMER &
Sample lL

This sample was tested free of organic matter :nd showed
silt present to the amount of about 20% the #4 screen contained
67% and 48 screen 80%. This is very good rosd gravel and could
be used in gravel road construction. The following is the Jiecranical
Anelysis data:

 

Number Amount Percent Original Cumulative
of Retained Sampke Sample Percentoges
Sieve in Grams Retained Retained by eigh

4 66.7 66.7

8 15.5 80,0

10 110.9 45.2 9.0 89.0

20 67.0 27.6 5.5 94,5.

£8 16.6 6.7 1.5 95.8

30 7.7 S04 0.7 96.5

55 5.0 2.0 0.4 96.9

40 Sel 1.5 0.5 97.2

48 Bel Sed 0.7 97.9

50 Lek 0.9 0.2 98.1
65 Sel 2el 0.4 98.5

80 S 4 1.4 0.5 98.8
100 4.5 1.8 0.4 992
160 5.8 1.6 0.3 99.5
200 4.2 1.7 0.3 99.8

Passed £00 Sef Led 0.2 100.0
yy

Vata

Cumulative Fer-Centages BY

 
PIT MULDER 31

Sample 1

The gravel from this pit was practically free from organic
matter and tested silt to the amount of nearly 20%. The “echanical
Analysis shows #4 screen to retain 63% the 48 screcn to retain 75”
This would indicate a very ood grade of rosd gravel and would be
used in the construction of gravel rods. The following is the —
Mechanical Analysis data:

 

 

 

 

Number Amount Percent €0riginal Cumulative
of Retained Sample Sample Percent: ges
‘leve in Grams Retained Retained by Yeight
4 66.7 66.7

8 13.35 80.0

10 93.5 53504 8.35 83.4

20 64.5 2520 §.8 89.2

£8 2507 Gee Leo 91.35

50 14.5 Sel 1.5 92.8

35 10.5 507 0.9 93.7

40 6.6 Leo —6066 94.35

88 14.9 6.3 . Led 95.6

50 4.1 1.5 0.4 96.0

65 9.5 Geo 0.8 96.8

80 5.5 1-9 0.5 97.5

100 6ez Lek 0.5 97.8

150 5.5 1.9 0.5 98.8

200 §.2 1.8 0.4 98.7
Passed 200 15.5 §.5 1.3 100.0
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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PIT NUL im Sl

Sample 2

This sample tested as containing orgnnic matter and tested
silt to the aiount of ebout 15%. The ‘echanical Analysis showéd
#8 scre.n to retain 70% This gravel could be best used for
construction of -ravel rosds. The following is the -.echanical

Anelysis d:tas

 

 

Number Ar.ount Percent “Original Cumulative

of Retained - Sar.ple Sai.ple Percentages

Sieve in Grems Retained, Retained by “eight
4 55,0 $5.0

8 15,0 70.0
10 58.6 52.9 9.7 797

20 112.8 2829 8.4 82.1

28 57.7 9.0 Le 90.8:
30 19.0 4.5 1.3 92.1
35 11.4 Ze 0.8 92.9

40 8.8 Zell 0.6 93.58

48 17.7 4.2 1.2 94.7
50- 6.1 14 0.4 95.1

65 10.9 2.6 0.8 95.9

80 74 1.7 0.5 96.4
100 Bel 1.9 0.6 97.0

150 Tel 1.7 0.5 97.6
200 0.4 Lek 0.7 98.2

Passed 200 <6.5 6.5 1.8 100.0
 

WIZE) 7 ee oe AA fade Td

   

SSIS

1 BOSE SES PSE SES SSS:

re eS See BSS rere

or eense:

pees et
PIT XULBIR 38

Sarple 1

The gravel from this pit tested free from organic matter and
contained only actout 1% silt..The lechanical Analysis showed #4
screen to retain 50% and the /8 screen to retain 617, This showad
@ cravel th: t could be used for gravel road base and maintenante
in cravel road or for concrete and concrete asphalt construction.
The following is the Mechanical Analysis datas

 

 

 

Number Amount Percent 40riginal Cumulative
of Retained Sample Semple Percentages
cieve in Grams Retained Retained by “eight
4 50.0 60.0

8 11.1 61.1

10 99.7 28.5 11.1 72.8

£0 122.6 S501 135.7 85.9

28 47.5 15.5 5.3 91.2

30 2000 6.7 £26 95.8

55 12.1 5e4 1.5 95.1

40 8.3 Zed 0.9 96.0

48 14.3 4.1 1.7 97.7

50 4.4 1.7 0.4 98.1

65 Te4 2-9 0.8 98.9

80 506 1.0 0.4 9965

100 2.86 0.7 0.5 99.6

150 1.2 0.5 0.1 99.7

200 lel 0.35 0.1 99.8
Passed 200 1.9 0.5 0.2 100.0
SYOIABN 179 SPOCRf4G2P2} AZ PAYO/OW/7)

  
 

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PIT NU Bhi 3S

Sample 2

This sample contained organic matter and tested silt to the
amount of about 8%. The ::echanical Analysis shows a #4 screen
to retain 15% and the #8 screcn to retain 24%. This data would
indicate useless gravel but 1t was being used for maintenance work.
The following is the Mechanical Analysis data.

 

 

 

0.9

Number Amount Percent “Original Cumulative
of Reteined Sample Sarrle Percentaces
Sieve in Grams Retained Retained by Wéigcht
4 15.0 15.0

8 —«dB SS Led

10 106.5 18.2 14.0 37 oD
20 202.5 54.6 26.4 65.7
28 110.4 18.8 14.5 77.8
50 62.7 10.7 B81 85.9
35 50.9 5.5 Pe 89.8
40 18.35 Sel 26S 92.h
48 28.4 4.8 5-6 95.7

50 7k 12 0-8 96.5
65 18.7 Ze 1.6 98.1
80 4.9 0.8 0.5 98.6
100 Sed 0.6 0.5 98.9
150 1.8 0.5 0.1 99.0
200 1.6 0.5 0.5 99.5
Passed 200 5.4 0.7 100.0
OL Me LOE MeL)

  

a eee eT CT rere To LY]
F
ca
n=

PIT NUL
Sarple 1

This seanple was found to contain orgsenic and a small rercentare
of silt. The “echanical Analysis chows a 4 scre:n to retain 85%
and the 48 screen to retain 92%. This cravel can best ve used for
grevel road construction. The following is the “echanical Analysis
datas

 

 

 

Number Amount Percent Z0ri ginal Cumulative

of Retained Sample Sample Percenteces

Sieve in Grams Retained Retained by “eight

4 : 85.4 63.4

8 8.5 81.7

10 198.4 58.9 Sal 94.8

20 136.1 26.6 Zel 96.9

£8 5826 7.6 0.6 97.5

50 26.0 . 4.9 0.4 97.9

35 15.9 Sel 0.38 98.2

40 12.1 204 0.2 98.4

48 22.8 4.5 0.4 98.8

50 6.9 104 02 98.9

65 10.8 2.1 0.2 99.1

80 6.6 1.5 0.1 99.2

100 18.1 29 Ool 99.5

150 0.8 0.2 0.9 99.5

200 58 0.7 0.5 99.8

lassed 200 16.4 Sek 0.2 100.0
505 eo

Sample 2

 

This emmple was tested free of organic matter and contained
about 8% silt. The echanical Analysis shows #4 screen to retain 417
and #8 screcn to retain 65 & So the pesuits indicate that the
sample can be best used for .:ravel construction as well as conercte
and asphalt conorete. The following is the Kechanical Analysis data:

4 41.2 41.2
8 . 235.5 64.7
10 14€,0 40.0 14.1 78.8
20 122.2 50.4 10.8 89.6
28 51.8 14.2 6.0 94.6
50 13,8 5.8 1.3 95.9
os v.8 Bel 0.7 96.6
40 4.9 LoS 0.5 97.1
48 Geox 2.8 0.9 98.0
50 £4 0.7 0.2 98.2
65 §.0 1.4 0.5 98.7
80 2.8 0.7 0.2 98.9
100 Zoo 0.6 0.2 99el
150 1.5 0.4 0.1 99.2
£00 1.8 0.4 0.2 909.4
Passed 2.0 5.8 1.6 0.6 100.0

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ary

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act ON

 
PIT NU.BDEN 34

Sample $

This sample also tested frce of organic matter and tested
about S% silt. The siechanical Analysis shows #4 scren to retain
4% end 48 sercen to retain 9%. Tiis data would indicate the sample
bect suited for concrete ard asphalt concrete construction. The
following is the “echanical Analysis data:

 

 

Number Anount Percent @ Original Cumulative
of Retained Sanple Sa:.ple Percents zes
Sieve in Grams Retained Retained by “eight
4 Sek Sek

8 6.5 9.5

10 235¢e5 49.8 44.4 §35.9

20 £43,.2 55.7 S205 86.2

28 58.2 7.8 Tel 93.5

50 m104 3.2 209 96.2

35 847 1.5 1.5 97.5

40 4.6 0.7 0.6 98.1

48 6.9 1.0 0.9 98.0

&0 lel 0.2 0.1 99.1

65 2e4 0.4 0.5 99.4

80 0.7 Ooi 0.1 99.5

100 0.9 Ol 0.1 99.6

150 0.5 0.1 0.1 99.7

200 0.5 0.1 Ol 99.8
passed 200 1le4 0.2 0.2 100.0
 
PIT NUL PE 35
South Lansing
Sample 1

This cravel tested of organic natter it also tested cbout 8”
silt. The #4 screen retained 33% and #8 screen 50%, The cravel
was of red color indicating tre pr-sence of ipon-oszide. It was
being used for gravel road construction which 1s certsinly below
the requirements of the ‘‘ichican State liighway Deprrtment. The
following is the echanical analysis data:

 

 

 

Numbex Amount Percent “Original Cumulative

of Retained Sample Sample Percentea zés

Sieve in Grams Retained Reta ined by “elght

4 5505 55.5

8 : 16.6 49.9

10 114.9 S007 15.2 65.3

20 121.5 32.6 16.2 81.5

£8 52.4 14.1 7.20 82.8

50 2905 7.9 507 92.2

35 14.5 508 206 98.7

40 8.5 Zek lel 95.8

48 13.0 oef 1.8 . 97.6

50 500 0.8 0.4 98.0

65 506 1.5 0.7 98.7

80 Lek 0.6 0.5 99.0

100 1.7 04 0.2 9962

150 1.0 0.2 Ol 99.5

£00 1.0 0.2 0.1 99.4

Passed 200 509 1.0 0.6 100.0
STeee

Sample 2

 

This sample showed very little organic material and tested
1% silt. The “echanical Analysis shows 27% reteined on #4 screen
end 51 % on #8 screen, This ravel is used for a concrete and
asphalt concrete construction. The following is the -iechanical
Analysis datas

   
 

  

 

 

Number Amount Pe cent €0riginal Cumulative
of Retained Sample Sarple Percents ces
Sieve in Grams Retained Retained by “eicht
y e °

8 24.0 50.6

10 107.6 25.7 12.6 63.2

20 103.1 25.6 12.5 75.7

28 §1.6 12.1 6.4 82.1

50 5724 8.8 4.6 86.7

35 £502 5.4 28 89.5

40 16.6 2.5 1.2 90.7

as 5004 Tel SoD 94.6

50 7.8 1.8 0.5 94.9

65 17.4 4-1 Zel 97.0

80 7.8 1.8 1.0 98.0

100 6.5 1.5 0.8 98.8

150 SoS 0.7 0.5 99.5

200 8.4 0.6 0.5 99.6
Passed z00 2-9 0.7 0.4 100.0
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Seaneseess

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
PIT NULBER 36

Sample 3S

This sample tested free of organic mat:er and contained: v voy
little silt. Mechanical Analysis showed #4 sore n to r tain 59:
and #& screen to retain 70% This sould indicate that the gravel
caild be best used for gravel road construction and this is the use
to which it is being pute The following is the “echanical ‘ralysais

 

 

 

®

datar

Number Amount Perosnt ZOri zinal Cummlative
of Reteined Sarple Sample rercents es
Sieve in Crams Rete ined Retained by “ight
4 69,0 59.0

8 Liel 70.8

10 86.6 19.20 50S 75.8
20 9504 Zlel Gel 81.9

£8 6168 13.6 4.9 85.9

20 5002 11.1 Se8 89.1

35 51.8 609 2e0 91.1

40 Zoe 6.2 1.4 92.5
48 50-9 11.2 208 95.7

50 10.7 Zev 0.6 96.5

65 18.4 4.0 lei 97.4

80 8,0 1.8 0.5 97.9
100 §.9 13 0.4 98.38
150 See 0.7 0.2 98.5
200 2.0 0.4 1.2 9967
Fassed 200 4.8 1.9 038 - 100.0
 
PIT SUMSER 36
North Cansing

Semple 1

The cravel from this pit tested of organic matter. The Besson
for this 1s that the pit contains a streak of gravel sbout thres feet
thick with stripring six to 10 feet deep on top of it ané@ likewsse
on the bottom of it, so that it is impossible to get out the eravel
without a ercat ceal of dirt. This sample showed a silt tcst of
about 5%. ~The <echanical Analysis shovs 44 scorpen to retain 44%
and #8 to retain 50%. If tne gravel itself could be taken out
free from strip-ing it would probably test about 70% on the ‘8 screen.
Tnis gravel as it stands under the deep stripping siould not be
used for road-ways unless it could be removed without getting so
much dirt. The following is the “echanical Analysis data:

 

 

Number Amount Percent ¢0ri zinal Cumulative
of Retained Sanple Sample Perc antages
cieve in Grams heta ined Ret2 ined by_..2lght
4 44.5 44.5

8 5.5 50.0

10 1507 13.8 6.9 56.9

20 142.5 2666 135.5 70,2
28 84.2 15.7 79 78el

30 47.1 828 4.4 8265

os . S6el 4.8 2e4 84.9

40 19.21 2e6 1.8 86e7
48 48.8 9.0 4.5 91.2

50 1527 209 1.4 92.6

6 41.6 7.7 SoD 95.5
80 16.1 50 1.6 98.1
100 11.35 cel 1.0 99.1
150 4.9 0.9 0.58 99.6
200 8.8 6.4 0.2 99.8

Passed 200 205 0.8 0.£ 100.0
BSE.o
We Mane ee chet eas — Mesh ad haa

ri oer eo hge a panewe itt

e:

  
 

 

TUGTt Ou FOTN CO CerCAgt-wtw vera MO. O36
CONCLUSION

No account !:ag been tazen ss to the value of the gravel
for sciage Gisposal beds. It was not possible to make such
tects because of the lack of time for laboratory work. As a whole
though, the cravels of this Ccunty would be considered too dirty
for such worke

The sravel as a “hole secms to be mpre suited for cravel roca
maintenance than anything else although, it can also be “ased for
grevel rosd bese construction. This is probably due to the fact
thst the pits of this County “ave béen vorked a great deal. When
one considers tre amount of road construction that has tal-en place
in this County, one mst reelize that many thousands of cubic yards
have been removed and used in this construction. So it is little
worcer that some of the pits are worn out ind poor grade of cravel
contained in them. Most of the gravels can be soreened and used as
fine accregate in concrete, provided of course that no organic
matter is evident in the gravel. About half of the pits due to
or: snic matter could not furnish gravel for concrete or as “halt
Concrete.

In concluding it would apvenar to t'e vriter that Inzham County
would do well to invest in location of new gravel fields.

cu = tions ror fetune teks
Taig Ariter would Hus. 6s st thet for future ‘c«ts of gravels of
any county, thatthe county be divided into divisions. This WOuld |
muse, Cf Course, lesier territory to cover and less sunples of gr-vel
to test. To lessen the ancunt cf territory would perhaps seen lise
cuttin. down on the werk to be done, but. such woula ot c. ture. re
tests coula ce made in tre ladorstcry ana mor: avta and results

cotazined, so thet a better ides of the gravel sould oe hed than th
report shows. Fer this county too fer tests were mide on the _ruvel
due to the lace of laboratory tine and too much tine had to bs spent
on the prephs and writing. This report say be of sore value in
finding certein sravele necessary for certain work, out it weula Be
Wush mors vale able where the sravel pits were practic-lly new end not
ag séil known and worn cut ds a great many of Inghan. County's fits a.
The writer wishes to thahk Professor Ken Saxton and °rofessor
fllen for their suggestions «nd helps on this thesis a:so Fred
rozers for his essistance in collecting the samples end the :
fxercian Association of asphalt for their specifications for concrcte
end asphalte |
 

 

 

 

 

    
  

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