| i | | I ll Sz lili LIBRARY Michigan State University This thesis was contributed by Mr. T. J. Dean under the date indicated by the department stamp, to re- place the original which was destroyed in the fire of March §, 1916. DESIGN FOR A DAM ACROCS GRAND RIVER Af? DINONDALS, MIOHIGAN. BY ” 1 ~ J. J. Harrie. T. J. Moan Michican Acrioultural Co1leze, “aat Lansine, uicliicane 20126 DESIGN FOR A DAN s2ORO8S GRAND RPIV*R AT DIHCKDALF, MICHIGAN. Oojact: The ooject cf thin thesis is to loosta ani de- sign a dan for pover ,ur,oa78 ecrosas Gren! River. In ore -or to properly locats ani desiren this dam the followins fielji operations vers oarricd out ania cejy of the field notss tekan av. susittet as a portion of this theals. Yoteas rare “teo}an fer alienmant cf tho river, “or ootainin-~= ovor-flor arsa ant isvals wera rin for cone trol of sana. Tha followin are a fam of tha featurna vhish web. it dasire sls to astsolich a hyltro-slectria ; isnt cat this pleeoe. Since ccal en? in Toot all ceomouctiola rasourss: ay “hich power da pro'tuced, hive in ths last fs" yonrs than he clasrelarkn tat 9. suo a sudden rise in oost, Saw sar .over hay VIccwy u6rg universal. "ator jporver 1s nese oains convart7d into aslectri- cel anerry ond transuditts? oy macns of hich voltc-2 lines, et tinss to avon humireids cf milss novay thars 1t ia tc ve uscd. Than since coal is osconmins « Limitod rsscurcs va uct in the necr future obt:in sors other mrnns of p76 tude in: ;o°er, So since water pover is tha cheoai 38’ to moantain é C507 once ths plant is instaiLlad, it da osin: rrp illy Javeicse aldoanl ie giving satisf-otion vhearea svor us7t. In jJevelo;iny a watas power plent, one must hnow vhethor the rainfell anil the runeoff for ths rivor undar gonaidarction is of such a natura as to suy,ly a constant or noarly constant quantity of” water ct your ,isnt. From Tanial ¥. Naad's "ater Povar Fnc-insore inz® 9 fini thst Grani Piver ant ite drcinese arsa has an annucl rainfall cf from 5 = 10 inth ss of water. énd thet its avaresa runeof? for the sonths of June to Junucry ry or the yeers 1901-C5 was .4 ougsacn por squora mile of draincs9 area. From January to Junsa the run-off is a “rect deal over this. Using «4 cusessa per stuers mile of drainece crea, “9 7111 havo a diachoarsa st Bimondals of ssout 600 cusec3.e This will clvsa us ancuch vweter to oot-in thao roticelly C8" HP. Cuasrcs X¥ 62.6 Yh bbhO H.P. (Von Sshen's) h =» afvaotivea head. ~~ 20a P tut es our turoinea +ill o49 ad19 to ovtnin only 2.0ut FC” of the avyaileols forar +9 havea C89 X 66 e 545.5 WP. avaticone if ths flew uns SConmetcnt of 94 cuurcs par syuirea mila of drcinn +3 atta. f3 tha raceris ssov in thise Siva yrona only ons orang xhare $f Pe1is valor .O° cus2c3 pear Gyusrea milo of drainasce arin, ea fini Shot with our poniace #3 vill 99 asls to onelily eavarcy 40° Tl. PP. thea yacr erounte 7s think thet th: follovins raasene cheulld 99 senslisred in thse locstion of a inn for hytroeslactric jute ~ G8 I3Ge wouslyz; Ciro’ ite cost, tha ccest® aa va ceall show ditar ds rether lew comortd te tha nat incemae “t0En fly, its Te sdodility, ¢hia ds sosily chown ov tha f:a% thet a 10 fceot 2° eeshly avelleosis, 1th out ssall dnore se in rpeci- soo etas over thea Llecises aren gaucal oy a Pfhlya foot tam row in pleote Also Ait han within a «or lius of tvanty:iles, Pave Ancts towns oraitea ofx vilitevsca whars ea repay nore ot Cuil o8 out din:? Tor *** jovar 1 ro lucat. 4. vw, & d@.*, . nw ede v: « . et 5 e . a AS the leartdon of the dem tha arnba ney Livh Shoiee S2lno 44 dace der tat th. * the hauls Susent, mochinarv, afc. is cohjpere tively short. 4% this . og: 4. ae e - , ye q . . 5 ges : ’ \ ,oint th7 viver hae a neturel poli cf n.acut tye ent ong fcuniation for tha j;ovar house he roo} ov found to va 45 faat o9low norm] tual ~ster Level or ot slavetion 7¢°.5, Tid. ds of tcusca too for down for the founl-tion of th. ce «678 *heralorea taehiist to usa 7 foot .tlint te ncla a wore «cli! fount: tion then tha vwriavol alton woud! sive ant fo pravent slivice in evsa cf ercuton.e Thass ,iLin« cise “end 4e dneresca tha fagters of nn tty semachys te “sa g2ifeya thet tha conv tseturing sataolishnants do Liensains, eivrht mil:s ‘Mdstent, coult usa cll tha yeover 'ayeleped (Tf net Groat Letea or Featn eculie Conte Ta isnt thet wALt oa fleotat enn rar iity oy gousht por T1LO0,0°9 yar acre snl with tha propesal her t tia ficcdes Sra de oueatte In 20]CeL thia deatocersa secu’ t ay tha “ccccon me ~ nae. . - ™ » . . ~~ 1th Forar Ga. Tor from S76.9° to FlCT.C” par cera net Laz “9 . ay, ui & GWvor ao w+ @ T™ 39 Suonl ani rr ya For * 9 gonarata worl oo" 32 -_ &-- cot: ined within Pive hunitesd fess of tha dame. Thtirc ,it hos dr. Since srvele 4 12 loo tat fuct nerthanst of ts nort® onl ofv tha deme. Ta gamant ent scohinary th 6 eLil 9 neeiatl wlll hove to of keulead ora hel? rile fron Pe “es anit mee MT, MPL The ror ta pea in the oe8t of aeniittornrn ani PLA reacadn thet age. Ths pover-house whioh is Joorted nerr the ro eth and of the dam is very easily reached. The present dam at Dimondale, Mich. is situated about 729 feet weat of tis road north ani gouth through Dimondale while ti. rro-osed dam is 100 feet nenrer the road. The present dam ia a dilapidated old wooden structure which sus- taine a hea of 4.5 feet anu at present furnishes power only for a flour mill which is loacte: down the river about two th ugand fset, th: water being sucplied by a race. On the sout:. end of dam is an old saw mill which i» deserted and in ruins. We have not been able to fini any data as to the power beinr develonaid at present, but knowing the hen: anu uischarge a theoretical Horse power oan be obtained. ( Water Power Enrineering) D. Mend. | | H. P. * Dischar:: per sec. x head 8.8 U. 8. Observation (1905) Discharge rer ssc. = 350 cu. ft. Head = 4.5 f3et. H. P. ® 550 x 4.6 8.8 H. P. = 180 (nearly) This dam is old an! far bey:nd repair and so long as a new dam will have to be built in the nerr future, we pro pose to mi: thea hend 10 feet which will give 400 H. P. and by so doing inor::3ing tha expense but little, for only 50 more acres of lan.i will be flooded and no durage to bridges will scour for the roa bridge ‘ust above pro vofed unm will heva a clearsnce of 863.°68' - 848.7° = 15.378 fet. at normal watar, Sxy that the river had a maximum rise of 7 feet, which is hirhar than any marks > co.li find on trees oause. from ice, wa will then hove - clearance of mors than 8 feet. The rail road bridvre has a clearsnce of 869.447" - 848.7" = 20.747, ao this bridge «i111 not be damaged. gi my - -& = ———_e ee Oe ¢ ; dts ete, sD Pp t4rnte ct orst 4p cliukest cont a 2 #100: ° 2.78 MUI Ag sachinery, Ge: Vw ATAIEN Be Lo2vets ’ C50, 40 0 59 a ote ™ samen.) $109. SFOWe SO rolg fonoe———= Gf} «#0 “39—H0 i co hy vag to ceeperty <— “ S000 Total | “F530—6 10 Nein and cocont worke \ 7 7M: elect Concrete, 1893 Cte vdBe -' “se eee FE . ’ 4 ate ¥ % inf nN 8 ~ Toye or STM g se Cle Ye i? ‘ee ah» 6 | f o8 3 oF “ ca: tae coed OH UF oe! wh pe RAN Mey Late eI Me 74 , i Es } ¢ 77 _ ' _ * ° | | a on “-. -* 5 1 ” =f A , oe ¥ ua Sem edeve. . wy * ' @ @ wk i ’ ". ' 4 eo eS Soy “ tho. 5 aren 9 Var ae % ee ow . 4° 8: :@, F.2v ee S Teoak oe Mo . , t ‘ot ¥ i ‘y — gs —_ | fo AS mom nd . . = « a ° rt 4 4 — z fe a ‘ee | 1 . ra | ig Ve? Fo Poe ote eet "ga hava on od our satiunts upon tha follovinze Cerone dalivereoi por cole 351670. Cormmzon lavor, beletin: egneine end mixers 71.05 par sce yile Crushed otena ent greyal @ Sed par Cue Yue Any cmount of stons may o9 oot ined for crushin- ons mile uy tho river cnt ricsht cn Gho oatke "s heva fliszural the cont of turoinsn, canorstoren onl othr @yudymant as celes, irs, stce at 75C.00 per UE. (“.t97 Povear, Tarisl ™, Nosd)e 400 % 50 » 375,CC0.00 cost of ayudjmonte IN och » “ys hiva Thvural thet with an cutput of 708 Y.*, aninokdims our oe 43 te sonpace with pinnt «et Gouth Loncing ax ° *. 6 . so s ®, gee wt “og ey “, ° . “. na fosiors 1 1f/f canta por khilorstt heus Tor tha 2 sours ag oe. me hoy aml © canta fer four hours yor day and fu Forrz por rte egtay wae 1 ~ oo . Meee: oP y) ar) Tad. “ct med, an “oO ard intcme of Tp SBE el Matueting Crom tyha the Pollovine dtecae /35 Wdokdvan tax rates varies, civ feta cur rite as 40. Tai xa3 ge ba cre lO Lo OT, fr7c man ,0F Yur” 1,8°° Interest on yrineijis 7 ed Bll eC’ LOT lop eaeintion on mashuingssy Mp COACH Poledes rnd inchiatsla 2p COOL & "Otol Tetuations EAE COCO 4 Gross income 753,385.00 J ¢, 900.00 Net income ° 43,485.00 Tiis estimatzd income is perhars hich, out va beiiave tht tha inva3tment is safe. Yesien of the Dam. (Formule ‘rom Baker) The common methods of foilura of a cravity dsm nro thres; ast oy siiding elon> a horizontal joint, (3) oy Ov7r turnin: aovout tha front of a horicsonta1t joint, (3) oy crushing. In invastizating thessa mathois of failur3, +9 nacd only consider the first tro as the dam is of insuf- ficient haight to causa failures dy crushing. The siza of the dam was takan actoriint to Von Ssten, tc, whith 4 ft. oni for an atfactive hssi of 10 feat, Ven Schon ssys usa a 0958 of 13 fast. Sonputation for f-ctor of sefty in sricinz. Syicint forca = Pg 1/3 *™ n® (3ater) Pow Prassnire in los., of rater azainst a saction of the dren ona foct vide ani “"h* fost sigh. We Unit waicht o” rater, h w Effactive hoard o- nead. “ssistin “orce P, 2 ff (Baker) Py = @2sistins force. Jer J] Ft. : 1On7, ™ = *Vactive waicnt of seotion of f = Fricticn factor = .6 (Baker) Sa Factor of safty. Pre ef ~~ Tas The upvard pressure is due to the raicht of a colurn of water "h® fast high, times 62.5 los. This pressure varics from the tos to ths face of the dam. The average upward Fre- ura is terran end multiplied by the width of the vase sivine ths totaL upvard pressure. The downvard pressure is due to the vweirht of the dam. The resultant of theses pressures is the eftect- ive veicht of the dam which when multipiied boy its frict- ton facter and divided oy ths water pressurs vives ths Tcctor of arfty. with thraa frst cf water passine over ths crast, tha pach water would 29 detwean 4 and 6 fe7t avova normal l-vel, 6 ft. cass. Upvard rvressure 11°001.C7 Downward " 23372.0" wt. of dam. Pasuitont ® 1C33a -# «10391 XY .6 = 6278.6 P 2 O8.Bh = 62.5 .Ch = 19C0F —— So 2 h = 8! Wffaotive haad. C2°82.6 ~~ 3.25 Factor cf safty. tr, * “ @ pe .- ' p % , ot @ eb "a i T3050 449 LoSe , re ,e@ oom nan ~ ogre, r.! ° i 397 - 7 2 = we “ mn oy yiorils. + e aa. 6 Aamo > crar , ame Xx eu a. Neues 2 ~*~ . sy RT We: oy "em were os E @ vs OU as @ ! Me EID MB te ke 1d a a . Hw © ft. BRlhhactiva tart, Prat oe. ys . 2 oe CEO SN 2 0eG Woter G2 an! tauee 7) Il. To Pacist Overturming. wr ya ageus ny ~ -. s ° yO “ey, ’ =, Cvarturniag forse Mee 2 / dls ¥: Om - \ 7" mage . -, at. . rert7 sura, In poun 5s, c% “os mm Mp et "ime oS o@ttfen ef thy Carn ] fort vite Pe. and fy om 2 y id Som VSS rative Sent gia faat, Jt hs w Teint cf a,,lia- 4 1/3 how» * Ite tes ~ a | 44 ¢ . ‘ vse aw ty ~ aa 4 Da IT Te Gan A sy - fing - + 0 erfactive vaicht o” 1 foc’ whag ® f tf Orws 4 “ a: NOy feos *4QO9 Pair « nh @ a Yoyo 1 _ 4 fe a ‘ : a a C¢ « 4 ¢ . 7 ™ - e 4 4 + a! Fa ? ou Pr. /.. by 24.42 Ct WO aah i 14. @ vas 4%. - ye ry @ « : - 4 e orn Sf ava gttysy hea ter se fo e cn oO. Pr co Me e PL ate w@ USO YX G.55 = 10774 Myo 2 G17 a 10361 / 7.7 = 7607". May 7.4 Factor of sc fty. if Tith an aefactivé head of 9 ft. 283 B@voVS. Ntow Pole = 2521 4 6 mw 16186 Mo 3 10876 A 7.7 = 83746.2 owe a fa 2 - 5.5 Factor of scfty. : = _ ’ f£. Eaeticn lel to 32-2 is ths spillvay 4 JUTSG BOX. Co 1/2 ® QL Tee Ta zenaratcr reon hes its floor3 arrzaiaza.d th sum@a 28 tha yraesting reoma, excapt thet the rec? i. 5 fat hiner. The sancrator room contcins the tro -enerntor3, wItare, 0us of TB, Bxcitorsa, and such othar nseas sry o.e peretiws w3 gra revilroad in a power houss.e all consrete u32d in tha power houses is rasn~ forcat with 1/2 inch sjquars corrutated bare Ps |e K El. ©46.2 3 eee level. i ae Ew, River Bed El. \8 42.075 » | ~ = | Ys eel o ry ase a EL S34. G Scale Power House Genera comet.) LT Oe a, re Sige AS Se TOs ee Pee. fi ad ¥ . ea Oe a eae: Be a NY ce Bs aoe te ‘a cael Beet bs Ui ide 2