235 [MMMM

  
T-E-S-I-S-
THE HOLDING POWER OF NAILS IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF WOOD
G. As PARKER
MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

JUNE 1ST, 1897.

coccccQeccce
v ~ ye ~~) ° ° ~ Oe V, .- Mr Ae
pry) , GaN ‘Te hie PoxYeror, Jp Ly bet,

SK KH HEI HK I HH HI HK HH KR KK KE RRERE

The Holding Power of Nails in Different Kinds of Wood.

KH KKKKKRKKKKHKEREKBKEKEKKKEKKHRRKRERER

“Y

ny 7 -_ . ° a . - “y “la e- : was “ -
WYSE R a VY OOVIGG Ye SIL Woe. tH so

noseible, 256, THe rvrolhesive oorbses cot 303 various Kinds of nails

now LN wsa as oO shetty hotcivrer nosy dh ovarious winds of woods

>
. Va% . or - be - 4 . . a oN gs, a ° -* “ ~ e
Tyo diferent Aarxnshs so vhics 33°59 nails snould be dariven in
a a Ly ~ 3 . 7\ .- . - ‘eye - a ~-" - 4), . / ? , 2 yt
St shober eo yrohies ohr base roasnlses; ord, To aflTecs oF “ifrore-

_——_: bh . * rl 7 ° 4. ‘ ~ t= . $4 . » a” . .
O74 313261948 Of GIaAwre nti nails,

Trp OF avedbeabio antorniaslon om oenis syibjeces 1s moe

.Siva, the: vose valuables paring a bhosis prevarod py

ae

<
wo
r$
Ce
1)
4
Cc Tt
:?

+ 6 +a @

Fe. We. Slay ©. BR. of Sornfll Umivorsicy, LoS, a corny ot which may
b? found in who Jaruary wrrber of knspineering News, Lsae.

TA small amome of inforwascion on ohis subjoact is wnAgwicdly
dia oO sine arnnaratne insigniticencs acsackyod to sien snails ieoscrs.
You, if we would consider for a moritnnt’ che vase mumeor of cons oF

ivon manifacoured anrually inso nails, ve shoud be anle vo

ronlize ior tuliy whiat a Lligels economy in chis promesw misht

Tnor? ds rics civayvsioy ot opinion as so she relacive holding
porer oS seo ordinary one nadll ace oho srioosn wire naii. Some

~

° ~ “4 “™ ; an . Ve vr *. . °.>° ry aoe ~F “\- ’ ~ e.. J . \V-
are? of sh ordnion ceao oye wire nail wila hole nearly couble
hav of che ens nail, whil@® oshors Povliava uno raverse 6o be tm.
TiO reason assivene?> Cor bho Hai shat shea wir? nail holds petszer
whan oad one neil is shay she e@iamoocr neil is uniform: crrouga=
One Lis bomngen., TIO nadi wivis roeecivas a orassure ov tne Libers
OF 3D wood normal so one surfasy oP sho nally; Where «3s in oon
cub neil, which hes swo stdes bterncred, «& LitevbLo shock or jar wlll
stare she naiaz, woien ili s19n @asily wiokereaw. Taxpordinonos,

howovor, orove ohis idre feleo, ag will be siipsepwrtly shown.
For e239 nase sro or shy? yoars gha qonard Por eho wire nail
nas sroaoly oxcoodrd ohase of Sho mie meil, whieh is cloariy avi-
qeneed by o19 Lacu snhae sho majori Of Local rovailers no longer
kaw she coe haid im seoeks this is yarsvly Aim to isnorenes as sco
ey derives in regard so wns nolAing vowor oF sho ewo kinds of
nallsg auc nar sly peearss wo wtre wait is nicer 60 nendie, anria
lissis acess likely to splie sho Plboers of sha wook. Ts question
AS CO Wheener er en’ Nalii solisos wera wood innre easily eam tno
wire 1S sonewnats extonsivoly discussed hy itr. Clay in his thosis
in whien he shows, cheorotically, chasw one wire naia has a gronsor
bendearevy so splis ono wood shan th es nail. Riad sho wraory

MAY 1 a ex“nerLarnce

cor:firm is.

wilai

Afteer a Llistsle considoration it is plain that is isft impossi-g
ble to obtein vhs oxact’ estonnt’d of stross remiuired oo witunecraw a
nail feo a nicer of wood wre om sithinesed co aireacs seonslon boeaiso)
Of one 6ifferensd condistons of Sree woody such -.6 seasordine Paice ss
° a) Ca 7 “4 4 . 9 Joes +i! rt e,ree sve 7 " s+ @? “8 “7 “- “ ry © see “ “f
of erain, mid ont spen0ds of Arivins es wohkio ns osname OL Arawing

‘ * > my aes ~ eo rea . a . : ; es! + 9 ae> > “ Ss 4-+3° eer” yr te
oC ., MIS OeiSimMs SO Tnaceiracias woicy —"OULGA TA LYossilt-ie oo

3 i . & L- ° , . etter, : < “. ve *- , , 35
aro of Lite. inmorvanco rolavively, fo cocecars 60 15 10 bt a fair

and just rshod ov dasomiining sho relascive value of sho differant

3 ne “ rr a - -% : - 4 a er e-
kines of melis as 10 thair bolaine power.
u aay whrich wo hoe

La - . .a0r ‘- w,° 4 “A FF ‘. . : 4 ®.
AYYOYOMLIACO Mi COMMAPASLIVO eOSeS Word Tien

Lliave snifieienitly acciurace for all vracsicel pursoses.

Vv

fl
>
cr
)
we
ci
=
nw
~?
eS
AS
-
Lf
”»
ty
~~
)
ca
~
aw
St
at
+.
2
Cc
w
Si
qe
>
me
e
to
wd
on
~~
4
Ae
o>
~aA
}4.
~~
re?
vd
e

AL. - beeen ame fe .
UVP ATDAPRA GIS VISA

° . “nN : . aw. 4 7 ~* . > . * 5 Lo : or ° * a; ’ . ’ : - er
Traiuanior ot sraspinsy wo 4 oad of era nail was Dy in tens al owo

id V4 - 7 - yg ” - - . 4 ~ iN " - 4 e . . ~e a C.77,) , « .
pISSLlolo to airres seorclon. Tre Load wes sraciallvy anpoliod in
“~~ £7 yy Om _~ yt, ;* r f . ™ Cee ae, le > ». ~a2, 3 7 on » 4s
each ease. Fotiowhny ero resnles obeadnoed py driving mel_is in
3 , -
Wad ui? LIL.
: a l\4-U * ‘ , - my 7° ‘ * t- . ~ e e he ~ 7 e ‘ ‘ ~ ™~ oe - yy
Siz oF Pops arivon rObRL SorToss Avo. sSoress Reavlo of stress to
; i “eNO ,>- 47 ) 3 *. . s Vue : ,o- “yy Ny?
Medi Ae wood de in. woins. Bt Lins. area Lin wooed.
cy —_
250 )
c gt
8d cone D 245 ) P2353 Les
PG!

Sad wire o Lic ) 140 15%

245)
10a ami 2 ePCcc ) OO; 217

150)
10d wir a) 155) 150 16g
145 _)
 

 

Comparison by aroa of nahh Grivel: in 2 wood is alone considered
here, the conioerison poy woisds bodes Go ‘iod wmmeceassaury. Tsu is
gorneoraitiy polieved wnat afser tho ous mail is onee stareadR Lo
WALL withdrav ip. mors easily sre oo celro nail atrosr boing

Started. Boo in the above beses Loe wes roure ¢v
naii was svarted Loe roqnired ail tho way from L505 down to 50-+
wneil 1/2" froma e822 3nd, whilo tho wire nail roqiulred anon FH
wneil L7" from une ond. PVLOW Ara resnies of eosSes inne? in

dry red oak:

Virees sousion.

Sige of Pepsn ariven Total seress Ave. seross Ravlo ol soerass

a.) a 4 2. .e7 oo 4 . e 14 . ' .
rekt, Ail Wry Wf). 171 ns. Li} Lil Se vO cuy ‘ele

Ba cs > 850 800 On4

an " 1 “7 ( 403 7
AGG
L75

en 1/2? LU L68 O1Lés

8a wire 2 SRC Ba MOH

. 1 5
eo 0 1 14.9 156 eS
Ls
L

OC
aon
won 1/e 35 99 409

In she above ecsesm spo anomie of stress remiired vo witkeray oho
4 if) ° o 7 ee, 4 - eo * oe - © gr ye we “ye: ” sc lo 9 vem be .
cus. and wire nails aftor staroing was noarly sho sano wniil within
to : 3 ie te ~ . ’ . ’ ‘ ‘
abous 1/2" Pron sho ona. Thass Werhbwrs eo so Qisnrova she

a

Ln
- ‘- 2A 7 . reer ‘ : - ae o™ -% ~ - 4 io ey . “4 -~ a - * . . ec = Pe |
Syasonene nado by Mr. Chay, chas oho mis nedh aroor poling svarso2

looses 16S heliding cower so pyich moro reanialy onan oho wire nail.

2

“OLLowing are resnlts of only one tess of coach of sho ens ane

wire nails ot differant sizos: Sawa tinder as above. Virecs

Sige of PVewon aériven Total ssroess Ave. Sbiress Racio of

‘
AeLlL. top wood. 1molns. lm los. Soress to ares.
4d cu. LOG

Noy
od cio
8 “? i ro

LAO
DAG 71LO
L195 55+

Bd cise 7530 One
" swiro 420 554
10a cue TCO 7454

WNW Wee PP

"wire EC 410

Size of Dench driven Total stress Ratio of stress
111 in wood. in ibs. vO arene

124 ent 21/4 9CC S57

e wire 3 510 35
20 arr ASC 540

1

~~?

1"? wiro 1) 956 50
50d aie " 1450
0 wi re ” 1050
60d cid " LEAS
" wire " L1L8O

Ot OT OX
a, SS hy
sn re
NO

Oo =.
a

T2SesS on Nard maplo.
Hd aye L 20
“owirs " LAO
34 cto L1i/2 340
"owire " 4.AL)

1050
550
L240 eit 2 1/4 L21G
ve wire ” TOL:
2OA arb 4 2050
" owtire " LICC

a)
O
jor
oO
ce

= 0
Wolloving aro resnies of oosts meary in differ wt kints of

~ 0 he *

Vireeg eensione

ds
°

wey:

- . . . * : en Sy owe 2" ¢ a sale cs
Mina of stioer- Size of neil-lewitn Erivon Avo. OF 4 BOS 6S Rear Se

in ways. edeAL SEToss.
- " Host po n HOO Naiis wero
" Nn "  obarboa " 90 COLTRI Sole
Hard naple "aie - 925 A at ee
"9 i) 1 -"ire " 41C Puan tsi

" " "barbed " Yes TN
Black walimis walle " B08 TT ep

99 T) a wire nt 4183 Liercasc .
Birch "ent l 540 sheir hold-
ve " wire " 555 inp ower.
Hickory mo ene uo 840
8 iT wire " 4130
"HLbo oak wane 11/2 1052
T " Hod ye " 006

onorry "ert " 625
" " wire " oO ie
"MAL se wood "ey " ALG
Bass wood ue cit 0 182
ve 0 1" Wi TO 00 l 1 O

A number of oxporinenes were mado wioeh nails sharpened in different

~s
2
2

weaws 00 d3boruine if nossible snc bese modo ox snarneninre.

TOLLOVING arr resilies:

FIG. i CUT FIG. e CUT

[ => [

FIG. 3 WIRE FIG. 4 wiIRE
EE _|

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sig oF Wop driven Tow-l stross Stress in same Romarks.
2 AT Li, wood Zn dbs. niece ord'n

~ an “Fe NPT NN 1
SVMS e

12d cil 21/4 1195 L216 Sharpened as in Vip.

op a
oe | " 16-30 oP, r¥ JAR, " _s "
12a wiro " 56 510 Shartenta as in Fis.

” st "0 Tey F, " " " re
Tryst * 4 { , 7 ~* XN ° ome - 2s e a: = a ns - -
Theso rosilis which aro S20. avoraso oF str ts 33865 axeept as noted in
we ‘ ~) eee c as “ - 7 ’ J ~” - -- ~ -~ 3 cr “” - ° «} © wo
rovaris, show an Llierowase of hol@ins vwover wim tha nail is shearnveoned
-~—2 | Cc . 4 . = 2 wr, i? _. a -. .* tr ae | % 1 .a .
as in Vile. 8 over sin ordinary Vor oF abows Soo, while cao wire nail

% + ~ ” . . . “s ~ oe gn . -e, c <«’ ~ « ” rs ‘ om ‘8 - ~ e
shargonnd as in Fis. 4 shows a dsernaso of nonriy “Co aver Sho ordinary

4
4
)
t
F4.
i
o>

-« . _* ce , . ~ . de - - e-e ~
Be OF OYlvbin; au ast ansasa wnen

° L . ek iat . - yy ca . 7 ‘ Qea sd ~ ,* ee, rteyep De ry
suibfectom so ciraes se usion, wire neils voro driven as en angle of

_ : ’ 7)

Bhircy dosro7s wish ono veretoele, wis soo Pollowing rosnliess

 

Size and dwn Totsl soross Aveoray>. Hoar «

)
10a Dew. © Aci “AS Driven au am angle.
275)
330)
Loa Nopn.a 43.0 ) ALS) Veiver sSeraighe.

ed a a * ‘ A u ‘oy Ns , - 4° yaar om ~ 3 N Tmt gy r. ys «ar yor t
Sineo tcshs om Airees susion ers cf corperacivoly Lissle valuc oxeopi

.5 0 nigans cl commaring che ho.eins:, vrovor or various kinds of nails a

sorties of vests on snearing wert maca. WVirsse swo pleoees of whiuc oak

4 fo - 7 oe * . * ‘ 7 . ‘- - . eve : . :y, ” zee . - oh ., . ae . 4 .
Noards 7/3" saick were mailed sog sor vio Polioving rosiles:

ve i

»’ oy « o
Si wi c f WO e of WIOaY Liv
° ave, 2 oe be a: Sosy ~ Lae \. io 1,
saath ° Vict LaiS.e SUYOCS's Lit bLiiGe Roy wikThoS.
oct 17 7 OF
aC Cites Pe sar.

j
. * a ~ «
16 Tray NALS

~ . yyy ot
ZU sycarod or in
LL 50 RADY Aeon.

memos
L "WI?

470 Trl Snis case

PWN
—_
c

-
-_
o
-_
"¢
/

oD
e)
ae
a)
-—~

yoo D TOG vrs nails wichdroy
oo" 4 IGG Pro ed voard.

CY«:> ae
ut " 4 i ra Xs
Noxs a pleen or whist woot L L/S" shiek
of rod oak 2" onick.
3229 of Ne OF Natas. Sroarins
molLs. Stress Ai lps.
LOd crs pee LOO
" owiro " 1350
400 cit 1 L200
10d cite pe L180
" oowiro " L6O0
12d wiro " Loo
cod =" " POAG
In aly oft oho 63585 conmmieteda tho ona
VLlatwcly wiendrawn, so ohasw nowning artinise

e190 9ffecs. Wiien tine wii. havea on seo hole@ing Dowar of nea
was so varlasion of surface considorsd, whieh would of'foas
Nowor so a erIaocor or Loss dosre.r.

Prom sue eboyo oMoorbuicnes.anG Pep stro Intormiaslon
Obtained Cron osher sonreos, wooiey conclude: (2) cis neils
Coyrbls Sys nolding oowar ora vire nadis nesvasy (2)

Said noleing oover as ole

nearly provoretonal to one

NMyor oO

(4) snarnonlny on sno thas sidos of tho cus nail inerease@ it
yoyvers (5) if agro wiro nails woro vwiehowb votlnes ohoir holeings
ey L a Do dbiabnisned abpons 46°53 (6) Goo rasissemicn co snearing
tically en2 Samo wnseunor bia nails are Arivoan seraigos’ or in

ol 'e 4
SNe ™
BPMN eG.

~~
‘

—

(7?) arv hiek n

. 4 = = 2 o
Li S i ors

oe , } ‘. . * Te
was mallod oo & pLank
> tec ewe ge
Re eT Se
Shearad
yes RY : ~e
wy vO OLY W
Oe Ne wn
etek ke
- * . le
" Grlvor. a6 an angle of
Fy 3 . yo. vas $0 08 a fh ee
" comp rar. Kotor:
Coy heyy. Vl crap live
Cy» Dove, Ve ore aaa ey \ OE
Lo “~~ a) . ff . ~ eon? .
a .. . wo 7 et wi ro ik vO
WOOd hboarc.

dant
OrievVvayn 13

va said

ry
(4

Geneh ariven

ot yy
oltang powor

Of

1

TO

Tara

wha

Lr

gne barnpad wire

and dis:e

holal

bho won

whi

5

gs Holdall
vows
is pra

cL ined

my

varlous
Oo i WOOEd

uly superior

uC

™~

3

be2Sseans

~~ 9,
‘
€
»

v

te!

WOO 2

wmvorior

be
WO

~

3

ZO
 

 
mrmig

Ce)
en

O54
isk f

(: us me ef u

Circulation dept.

_ Date Due:

 

TNiamra.na) Ga?