Ih | | | "AY ITT | | I PHO Ion | L&W ca 9 e 3 tt ow A i KH 4 tI ag me THESIS EFFECT OF SALT IN WATER UPON PLANTS WHEN USED TO EVV AMAT: UU Bae W. S. REITERMAN 1915 THESIS err “7 ? we “away fF ’ t 1 ‘ ro 4 toes , 4: ey, | Po ey eos oy ‘ ; ‘ ‘ 1 woe ' t a rr 1 ‘ a ‘ bay i to : Hor vovree . ’ ad m4 rw oer ss «~ 32% " fo ' r s + vs , oo. Shey, a ' te ‘ . te, ' poke nt 1 . tra . \ , ' ‘s oe oot i ‘ Day ' \ , Whe . feo. , , one t Hoyo ‘, 1 1 . ‘ tr ’ eet - ry t . ’ y. " ’ , oor . ‘ t {'' ‘ ‘ rm, 4 ' ‘ : Re ' : oa , @ vee 4 : i: tos so ‘ ’ ' ree egg 1 ron ' bree rt noo \ ‘ Boy on ot Re a roe : ‘ Ly o . r cata oe : ‘ ' : ia ft * t 4 a e t 1 ' aoe , toeoa Wes ‘ . . 1 eres wy DoF ve . rq t ae ' tay , hoe ve ' oo : ‘ me doa 1 , co ws: : re . ‘ . D4 lag Yeu, . bo ‘ . ree ce . ‘ ery ny ‘ byes ‘ aa 4 Hote yy 4 ' ’ rg a ooo ’ ‘ hoe io toe, a) ‘ : . nn) : . ‘ roo “ ' oF ‘oe toe at i . yoy Sra, ' ' ' ti a 4 , wo wo . roe t : , ere rotten oe a 1 tae aa oo 1 oo hoy Lot Yee \ en 1 ‘ ela , ' 1 o- ' wo, topes ‘ 1 4 ' ' ‘ ’ ‘ . o4 , , ' ‘ ‘ eon ie ’ te , ’ ae \ moa, \ , ‘ 1 er) 1 oy : oa ‘ ' ' 1 1 you 4d boa bon tos 1 ‘ , ‘ » 66 ot ’ tee e el . ros ‘ ve nos ote . hy foet no a ' ‘ Prt. ge yg . ' ' nm ite , oe i prea d Poros 44 ' fos cs an tor eve # © 4 t we 8 ' ' . ‘ ‘ ' pro ' ‘ 1 aoe eo m4 toa ee ‘ ‘ ' an avert potog . ro , +e ' , ‘ foe , . soe , ' bo Thee ' oo ‘ ‘ tore t os ot “aofos ’ t 1 1 Oey aoe , ’ . ata ao eo ; ’ Hote ag ’ te ¢ ry boy ’ : ‘ be e ‘ ' ' pot 4 ros Lo ' oo ,oro8 Serre , to eebe : tof ae + mo ‘ ‘ ' aoyehe te ' ' fer . #8 : 1 7 i ‘ ‘ 4 , . , : \ ‘ a ' oo 4 ' . > . ' ' . « ’ t ' noe , vo D.og 1 ‘ an eH reg ve oof po fae be oo @ ' Cor ees 1 ‘ foe . 7G Tors as Me ore Tey gate ce mT “yc I a wade abe . mare. Te AY f _ 7:47 ™ TT 42 , \ ame aad ‘ - a . 4 dh dd ow aad Aram IAT ODT ASTM o~ Oe Ub ur det a dsiha: a) “TYT POINT OY TORN PA PT A PAT IT) C2 4 od acuas Wb a de aw bd nda ‘ LON IOUS 2 PLANTS « Submitted hy To The Hortieultural Department, Te te ‘et saa Dee a MWientgan acriagulture Collere THESIS 7° . Many parts of - Ww el vet. 2 oT Salt beas, which area the centuries aroe The to use water conteinting worke Thera are muny ©} pe with their plants dying, netnor run to cetermine w the weter tliat the rlunt anlt more or —~ aan ereen. salt vt 1 c+ ow 4 '? © % CS xe extensive ao nD eee. S lTormed mary salt regions have in all of their ed in these ree ; &re hevine trouble ani the followings exoerinent was or not of mA ;* 84 et iw 1's it rr. ‘ ‘ .- . é & XM were Ns whe Qye Ay ° ce a ay Ne e + ra rye vo wt ert Ty a eM de dir d 2 Ade ada mae ah. a © mr. 3 wees wir c a tj XY ~~ yA ON rn? aw ' + “77g - 4 7A nie $4 H 7 « f.8 tlw oe be OL eee en ak KINA. t Vd Coke aD eSarri 0 ae Onin CA POoLr- st acd west. It c O ~ wW~ © % cH © 2 © - { 4 a ae bo Cc bo rs) CL / t és ie b- — ‘ Po C3 C § , - a a . we: : ot. 2 |, _ a 2. iS an evon-Sdan house. Bne part in which tue worz wus done is 3 . ran as os < “a =. ; ” “4 ‘ used aS a cérnetion end erysunthimun hous: @urines the Fall und winter f portion of 1. solid ted four feot wide and one kun ‘ 3 - - aw. "yr.> = " anh » ~v e 7 x . o - : : a . - —<_ dread eet Long vus used. The part used was cAivided into seven “ " 4 —, , 1@ - =~ te wa ~4 7A" a s ~ Spaces épproximately Pour Feot ty Pour feet. Huch of theese « Spaces cad etent greenhouse plants of tre following varieties Snupdrazoon (Antirrihniaun mujus), Marguerite (Chrysanthemum vo (Heltiotropun Splentens), Coleus (Coleus blumei), Neliotro * s a o poruvignun), Culla Lily (Richardiu aethopies) and Petunia hie <4 bets o 4 rs C; “na * . - ®t , oe me ‘ ‘ 4 ro. ye 7S e o, 7 ©. ~ etunia arcentigd. These plants were pluceli uta a& line betveen the different bease The pots were suri in t- ye me ~? 3 © cr c S$ bo ne uD cs ) a cf a) -+ i a b Cc) TT q) cf CY b e cr ct tq! + «cy C2 t roe pa -~. ’ pt C2 . a cys. as + ~~ ~ - x 7" Re . pots ’ the board 0. ao bus A O12 a 3 Cd ooth golut a ue r ne Yiy of ti q \ os uC) ‘ otveen e -~ J \ = ; — ada three oN 44 2) 4 whe e interep a a We eso end th cs v) ean ) of curly anted @: 16 erte 5 V aa test ¢ 9 @ ~t 0) er 4 Pores rows - ers o Ch we te G2 or 4 ord @ fi ‘i ith wes Ot tw “ a Li +. a0n Ccn it sol: . we ith wr 4 rea LHP ON oe Ge. bed soeornd e ya La T © ing one pounsa i bie co *r4 rx ri +> ~ , wh ae Ce ¢“ a {tm a w99 ve ow. ne - mle rr: s x - BY Vw ha OLY: Alfac Noe a st Ti tees os a lw ete rot “78 - e we at wer af t Co q) fe ak NL or r df Yoke wate i1,°3 wa) _ t NE wpri o Tr vi a 19n 9 nit “y ; Aha wy VL ie id y “iret th 221 oy ° 4 ~ a aw ade ery day except Sund vw ow Trem Sie svp. Ye ck le © ¥v Nw v7 AT plot 10"n. e TWA +n _— te aig a aad “y wk Fayrt vo solut eveut | TS us ec ' ad 9 A Seveut T res or 4 C5 0 + ct m4 zt oy EE: nay =~ aT as adit he ie = -~ aa & nav ro @) + bs ep 4 G) 2 m™ £ ed eq a. ord a : ae ’ 42 68) hy ord G4 e-4 eFftor in to wilt mee ka YS te 5 ~ yen an & laine ~, a La fa. yy ad aT yt pian vO ey C c4 + - - 5 At. eaeod. ana m4 wee Oe ane 4 q 4 3 . 4% wl ve YA yrr a rn Se = v we me h o+ C ay dw a) wd 123 Eb second ne t CW +? t » 7 fae Jer C wer -, 4 ‘ e.V9 / es t a: ~ = e ” -~ . : . +, se . hey died after tre second wuter- ing, while t:.e Geranium and the Calla Lily lived u.til efter » cr tne third. as in plot number ono the woody plants lived the 2 3 . ne 4 myn. x per cont solution, but as in the above twos plots b+ with «as the plants belonging to tre Hint f:mily were the first to die of?. The Heliotrore dyine efter the Fifth watering and the Coleus and Selvia dying the next cuy. The Petuniu in this plot 64 po. , came into lowering upon the sixth duy and the flowers not open out to treir Sullest width and the plant died upon tne elehth auy- The Culla Lily also diel ut this time, while (Os -ubgucrite and tue Snapdraroon lived until the tenth day. Co a Tne fmurth plot upon whieh a three per cent solut- ewe, weg F- NN Gt te <> . 4 wee x. fon wes used wus vuterscda Far to weele - plants died. The First plant to dic wes tic Heliotrore. This died at the end of two wees. The second pleént to die was the onepdragon. This produced perfcet Flovers but could not Live 4 4 thru the drain upon its systom. The Warguerite ulso produced Pp flowers, acouple oF days later, wnieh were perfect, but .ot us larse us *hose produced by tho pla:.t upon the cheek plot. The Marguerite @icd before it wus trru Plowerins. toon the seventcentr day the Coleus and the Selvia we:e both dead. At the end of the third week the calle Lily, Ceranium and the 2 Petunia were Gead. che plants in the fifth plot weere they were water- ed with a one and one-t_12 per cent solution all lived or Over a month « Tile first elant in this plot to die being the Ceranium. This plant vas in f?lover. The warguerite second ard the Snaecdragoon third. They cume into flowerini in this order. Tas Coleus wes next folloved bi the Eeliotrope and the Selvia At the end of the ?ifth wee: the Petunia sent out flowers but these only opened ur 1’ & little way and then dronped off and the piunt died. This vos the first vwlot in whien and of tie see] cerminuted.In this three bean seeds serminated but tie young plants were inilled before tley Lad taier perminsate leaves. a fer of the radishes also ferminated, but all but a few of trese died. Those wniech lived ¢r Tived until plants but the vetunia, dead ard these aad begin to die. gall but six evi vesy slowly. a 4 alt "us used.tne plunts oo? whieh time ull the wily and tne iuarguerite were o? the eignteen bean seeds planted came +7 up, but three of tlese diel befors tiucy Lad their vpermningnt leaves, while the rest wove imisstapenae: and slow growing. The rudishes had ahout sixty per cent of the secd ferminute. Half of tiese died end the rest srew very slovly. In the check plot the plants all grew well. Of the sixteen bean seods plants4 all but two rermineted and grav. about elgenty rer cent of tie radishes cane up. The plants in this plot needed waterin:; oftener t A + ller emou: ets ~~ 44 ya PP by ¢ eo e€ T . wit wy on t 43 Q 2 ga 3 tein to ad at were watered ,_IsA ”~ ons ° s O« 7 ie —_— ihe a Gh; id uta va yer .¢ plants ¢t s - ‘ ~ weaanyes-. 8 tre = a ‘an J +* in salt 9? G4 C4 ha i “4 -4 cr re rnp fw # tre lower lecv: ce oO U ad wd 2 foe _* Coy he wa we ow se acd “tT . 3 a~itgy ss YI} e Q Nw + VTE C 7 wv ae t ne ad weed oy | rorent, oa ; 2 tsa anti oO: + 4.3 OY ation cle e <4 _ ent én ™ IYEX r ce =a or 4 -4 C3 » erd Lud a 1 at SO} nd <6 in € Soi t on 4 t vy a he treme ot t s§ > £L 2arhbonete oO P mo . oT & remedy Tor tiuis is to erply it in confunetion with suporpnos- Chatoa.” Ie Ge wcBeth and Nl. Os Vrisgnt (2) came to tan con- clusion thet “Litrifiestion to tne goil is inhibited by car- benate, chlorides end sulp..etes, the former havines the strors- tter the lezst effect." +—~ (9 est effect and thre a. Laurent (4) states that salt when arplied light- ly tends to cause sone plants to heve a long slender rast provtn. the 301.8 (5) is et tw a 2 an awit oY 34 ae Pe, 17 ae JtTabply us eae Tertiliacr, especially when acolied to legzumen- ous plants. The excention to this preing the lupines wiere salt was advantarceous. In his work ten grams of selt wer used to eleven and onh-half xilograms of soil. In en exneriment to test the effect oF ealt upon olants ds Zuijver (5) used salt solutions vurying Pron 7.088 per cent 19 & + per cent solution. This was uscd ursn cortlee ct 7 ct ct gocoa ar a other plants. it was Zon née pPlents vere in- jured with uw solation varying from 0.05 per eant to 1-.-C5 per cente Je uke Yo@leuwar (7) found that tha so as o°2 darle: wuen S9ased in a salt so°ution were tagurei, tois injury wes inersaseld with tre stren:th of ‘> solution. An exrerivernt vas mate by “. Be Guthrie and i. Telms (8) to see what effect salt kad upon the germination of per cent cent solution. Growth wes e*Zeet: setween 0.05 per cent of satt and cent oF salt. Growth was entirely conteinine 0.80 per cent of coume lution and thet it was ’’ected by 0.05 itted by un C.20 per solution conteinins one econteining O-.1lo poi - .. 9 . ~ Vs" 2 rroveatoi vy & solution os n salt. rrr oN ‘ vyrN v cm TEN SEY GQ2C AS TCLS. 9 Le Salt in water wilt iilt plants if applied for a long enough time. It maxes no difference hew svall the amour * of suite Ze tlernts ure more susceptable to the effects oF sult tran are the same plents wnen they ére not ir. blooin. oe The more woody the plent the preuter armcunt of sult . ee 2 yr 1 4 : “4 Ft cun Stunde Ge cluuts watered with & calt solution do not require watering as often es do plents watered vith water not con- 5e Secds that eerminute before ti. selt is above & certein point in the soll will geew ultil tre salt reaches «4 per cert at which the plants are xilted. G+ Seeds will not germinate in as strons « solution Q RS 49) cc F a ct fp U2 c+ $8) rs »4 nn ts c+ C9 4 t aS. 4 +4 Cc Ke q) a s ms e my NwTT ro? o~ Adin d ae ae he hed ee we V4 (1) Ze Lb. Hurter; U. 5S. Te “s+ yay . ~ = 4 Pos, Das ye pes Gl ses OU vo (2) de De Hall; Journel of the Hoyal Agricultural Society, England No. 70 (19C9) po. 12-5. oo (7) Ie Ce NoPeth en Seience, New Series, Vol. 35(1¢212} I Jol. 19 (1202), No. 5, poe 650-647. - \ "7 s ~_~ . . . a7 r- - wy: « ~ (6) Js Vuidper; Tepte Lund. Curinere, Bulle oR ters pot OTL * _ ® ow ’ we dow y “ , a. & [ ry + . vy, Ot . . f° ~ ® -» ® ae ee i 9 wee Ti.c by t p— C4 O © ble Co ct 4 ™ @ 2 rt O e Cr i3 — 4 °c) C) ad rn ° ey »—! ~} +* a Tw. an Pett seep as fe. o , ~ a5 7 e . “uN, 9 tgif ee ao . oat 9c LT ture (Bru lane TLCULTUre, (Oru cf *% ~! oD C) — > ) » ~owe mw Oke few, te . OE me ' Ot re Berea ' ad t aa : 7! PORE ert eh att agg, . . Ob ber hs ts ree ee tp ea ore Fob gs ' 1 OM ' ae ' ver ; . ' rng ' tug a , . “ wy bo ’ eo ' . ta ‘ , ‘ oy bong sot ' ar toe, ' , ' ee . ee holo ro te ret ‘ ' . Poh bea ' ‘ > : te arid ' Poth bo aye ‘ so ' ete pe , ree ts ' on : , ao ‘ , a " ' ' ’ : ’ t t , t¢ et ae ' ty A Pee, ‘ ny ‘ nous , roe rt y vey oboe : ' mt ‘ , t 7 et ’ tek ' ' ‘ ‘4 » , vee ~ at atc 2. 3 = ae roe mols ' '’ , ea —_ ’ so en foe, a) ry . ' ‘ i fo ' Fh gr ee we ty a a ee roe Cob eee bh eee oy f 4 ef by ee ng bey ee itp ferns er y crs ook br ng ' , nn ee ee er re foros hrre ’ rheue cae eee a rofoes a) Doe ee die) € eh rr tories en i ec ’ shoe pore see cor cig yh rb hy hd ' e noe os “#4 “id ee ’ ‘ t m4 an rose roe ro sony ’ oo t ’ roa ' oe to “tte af tong rr ' »? fo4oy ropouce tt tor 4’ ty von oa eo ' - olor FoF tk tpg Soe oe oo vor e. ‘ eo, aoe a oe on . ‘ , , cr eo yer ay, 1 8 Preece ee fe ee ya oot toate pee ot robe cof. be Oe FOF tre 4 sere Pade Fa tg oo or ‘beg, ' a re oe i ¢ . forse 1 bee fF ee pee et . ree : fete? Donte vp . ’ ’ ‘ ro 5 , rege roe tr eae yb Lg + yor ‘ .- ' . sot "4 vr hene ‘ a ber ror tore , for sven . fe ' ‘ ' ’ he vag ' uy , . . : hoor . 1 ed . ' " ‘ ' ' weed ’ . fot me . Hortus ' ‘toed poe ro , 4 ' ' ro oo : toe fess ’ . ‘8 Fates 3 Fiaetire og TObt sree ad > ob ge ore Pre ep e yg