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THESIS

Co ey me eed

Yoel Ni. Worse. 1896,

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AUCTET TECE.
THESIS
nT oN " 5 ~“ . vn" ~"y Arey ~- ee ~ TEM
‘or IVR TS OY Os tah role Se

“

The size of rat globules is commonliv sn Ken of in agricul-

tural text books and parers as an inrvormtant breed charactcr-

b-~
’

istic,and the exrressions,"breceds with large giobules" ana
"preods with small giopules" are frequertlvy met with. Con-

siderable time has been snont in other exrnerinent stations in
eaonwari.t 313 24% mzmloorles oF
vValuavle ard reliable results have been ontainede herc-
bofore at this station,veryvy littie has boen done in comparing
the size oF the fat gplobules of the aifferent cows in tne

~ a

. oN ws ry Vv _ wT: ‘ “ *. -° : 7, 4 sf oe . A +
colicse hord&, and rnobtuine hans beer. aone in commering the milk

of the different cows in reszard to the number of globules in
@ giver volume.
rne opi et of this thesis is to gormare tie fat globulcs

in the milk of Ee aifferont sows in tiie collere nerd. The
comparison is made,frirst,in rezard to the number of flobules
in a given volume and the ~elative sine of these flonules;
See -nd,in rezard to tne absolute size and unifornityv of size.
the metnods used in making these comparisens and the results

obtained are taken up in detail and in the order mentioned.

ry

I. the comparison of the number of globules in a given

yolume vas cone bv actual e@ount. “nis «t Tirst would secnm
almost impossible,but when one kiovs how to do the work it is

ry) ) + Yaw roy ” ~ sgt 4. yy ~ = _— 4 . 7 ~ = 4 see on ve ee 4.
WLLGC Cosy. LI ley oO POW LA. Por This work war +
Dr.Babcock,as deserinped in the Fourth Ammual Rerort of New

re 8&7I-375. <A small

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York (Geneva) exrerinen

* aps m ° . 7 = 4- Sa yy . > « re _ - ”
class tube,ore-fourtn incn in dianeter,vas neatea and aramm

|

out till the internal diameter vas anout ore-tonth millimeten.
Care was taken to drav it straicnt aia that no flat surfaces
year iqale. S$1all pietes of tris sacillary tube ( 8-3 ecenti-
meters in length) vere diprcd in the sample of milk and
alloved to Till py carilary attraction. The ends of the
tunes were then sealed ith vas€lone and rut umon a misroscore
slide. A arop of flvcerone was then added and a cover flass
nut over all. The sample of milk used was diluted to one
part in fifty. The slides thus :-rerared were laid aside for
a few minutes tnrcr. thov vere nut under a mierpscope mafni-
Cving e2GO times. The rat tlopules floated on top and were
easily counted.

=v tne use of the eve-nriece micrometer the exact inside
measurement of the tube was found. The tube,as was said
before, vas arers one-tenth millinctor in diameter,and the
length of the sestion in whieh tie rat globules were counted
was exactly onme-teztn miliimeter. ‘wo tubes were filled
from cacn cows milk and four counts were made from each tube,
$HUS MAKIN elgnt comts from cach sg@gaple. The averare of

these counts is the one tnat is used in statine the result.
CQ

Counts were made from the milk of sixteen covs of
various breeds,six Dedne Holsteins,tive Jersevs,one Guernsey,
one Hed Polled,one Brown Swiss and two Natives.

Table I snows the data Treom which thie commarisons in

Tanle II were made. Tt snovs trie dianeter of tne tube used
in cach instance and tne volume or the section. Tt also
shovs the average inuyber of globules in that section. The

lenrth of the section was im each case one-tenth millimetcr
and the milK was diluted one to fifty. By the use of the
Babcock test tne |. of butter fat in cach smaple was found,

4

and tne results are found in tre table.
4

 

 

 

Se had
meccen Fy ARE URL
| IAS Wh

Howtje D. Ode 8 £88, Fe O0ULSBE7 267 S ‘Be
College lowtje uot 48 Se. 00L721 S5G6e % (8s
‘ : : : :
Belle Sarcastic . 8 Sehee. 2.V0ISS7 13: 4 Ss
t : : : :
Collere yauline America: " >-1€5 3;.CORI39 :49 : 8.38
’ . . . .
QOatka oc.varie fe 2el0S 3.005496 3:45 : 8.4
: oe é = .
a . a ay . f . VT TIt . .
Solicce Pauline Wayne Oe cloak BoOOTES. “20s: 2%
’ . . ° °
CAI. ekg peas 1€2 LG Br02% ' Jer. renee 2 OOLTLS 736 : 6.2
Collece Dame Le Brocq 2a. " 320%0 2.00077 3:27 : 3.9
+’ . ° . .
Sollicre roris t " Seek 1e0V095 2D ; et
‘ : : :
. . OR . e DD .
5ollege Poris pa. ga pe ORO! Sls to 3468
‘ . . ° °
Jersey a ou aS > 00095 O28 1 4.4
v

Becky € aD” £3 Sierbes

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Sara ° \ ;
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Milla PURINE. i os, B609R08) 126) 3359
2 = + . ° ° .
: a So.L8 600887 :388 ‘ 308

Materna
Taple I is of put little value as a means for comvnaring
results. it merely shovs tre various sizes of the tubes
used and the ror cent of butte fat on tne day tne count vas

made. til nearly all cases Nowoever,the per cert of butter

9
ct

fat on that day was consideranle belov tne averaze for th
week. Attcer.tion is called to table IV.which gives the

averace rer cent fat for that weck.

-~

ind

Tanle IX is

va

n outgrovth of tanle I. the figures

Vv
50

tiven in this taple were found by mathematical com Ubatious,
using those in tale I as a basis to work from. The first
colums sho7s tne numper of plodiniies in a tenth-millincter
section of a tube one-tenth millimeter in diametor,or a volum
of .009076b4 eubic millimeter.

So far the milk nas becn diluted to one nart to fifty.
How oy furtnor cormutation tne results found in the next tro
coliumms have becn optained.

Tne last column snould be quite interesting. It docs
not snow the exact size of anv of the globules,but it does
show the relative sizes of averace glonvules from each sample
of milk. These figures were optained bv mutinriving the
rer cent butter fat in each instance bv 10,000,t+0 avoid

fractions,and dividinz the pronuict ov the mumber of fat gio-

bules in .005T evwoie millimeter of widlliutea milk.
TAI; TI.

Name of Cow “4 . y ,
! hy YS yntk
oe

 

Howtie D ' Hol. :412 :f61 : £,610,00°,955 : II6

e s e e
‘ e e e e
Collevze Nowtije me 385 :259 : 1,590,900,0: > Is
_ s"e Pe uo t eo aid e wn te e 90 0,900, QOO0 e TSO
? e ° oe e
e e e o e
Pelle Sarcastic " 388 :848 : 2,450,000,000 : 174
(
.. . . ft . yo - °
College raulinc America, "3418 :1134 : 1,149,000,000 : RON
' : : : :
Oatka Odad.Viavne ; Woy 3140 5 1,499,000,000 3: I7R
SOllesc ravuliie Wayne. "83287 32178 3: 1,780,000,000 : 157
Collerce Nome Le sroeq ° Jer. 105 2:21659 3: 1,590,090,000 : SOc
Colierce rene lc Broeg Oda. " Oo T276G 2 Liy4o,950,920 3 Ola
AOL yogis 304 $106 $ 1,6890,000,000 : Jil
MA Cer Tow te Od, ' " 204 $100 2: 1,580,0090,000 : 274
§ e e e e
' 2 e e e
omer ; " POM T1355 3 1,6505,000,090 : 2e7
. Brown 3 : : :
Tesaten VOvRss 309 3165 2: 1,659,000,900 3; 151
. : : : :
Aaa oe, ‘Guern.:36 32238 : 8,8380,000,009 : R280
© Row tf : :

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Cara Polled 186 1178 :

Tr “Native:22 3:140 : 1,400,009,000 : 278

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173

tee db ee ?
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1 ,890,005,000

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9

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Tt is perhais unfair to make any acrinite statements

in rezari to the different preels rorresented,nesause tney
have not been equally rerresentead. A comrarison,novevor,
between tne averazes of the Holsteins a:.d Jerseys shovs that
tne Ho 'steins have avout 11 3/4 ner cer.t more fat globules
in a given srace then tne Jersevs,out in revard to relative
size the Jersevs are in tie lead,tneir globules being 61 1/8
rer cent larger than the Holsteins.

In commaring the different individuals,it will be found
that Howtje D.(ioistein)leads in number of globules in a
civern volume,wnile tolleve Panline America (liolstcin) has

~

the least number. SCollioze Dane Le Broeq (Jersev) has the
laresst clomiules and Collere Fortis (Jersev) nas the smallest.
Aida ad. (Guernsey): anead of the Jerseysin number of glo-
bules and is eclo:c to them in reia'live size.

er, ‘tlon ougnt to ve made bperore taking up the comparison
of the real size of Yat Flobules of arn arnvarent contradiction
of table II that will »e found on conmmaring the drawings used
in showines the size and uniformity of size of the fat rlobulcs
of different covs. This may pe exrlained py saving that the

drawings were made several davs bperore the counts were made,

and that the "Relative size" in tavle II Ooxpresses a relation
8

betreen the average sizes of glovules wnile in the drawings,

the larve flobules,as well as tne small o:.es,are snorwn.

It. The setona -art or this thesis has to do vith the
size and wniformity of size of the fat globules in milk
from the covs in tne collecse nerd.

A sample of each cow's milk was examined mieroscopically,
and,with the aid of a camera Juciia,dravings vere made. In
preparing the slides for the microscope an attempt was mad
to nave as little milk under the covergilass as possipie,ard
although consideraile care vas taker. in this resrect,sonme
slides had more 1i2k on than otners. ‘he more mi1lkK presen
the thicker thre glonules in the dratring. Hence the carawings
will be sonewhat misleading if used in comparing the rumbcr
of globules in a given srace.

The microscope used in making these dmawingss magnifies
600 times.

On each cara will be found tne name of the cow nose
fat glonules are rerresentcd and the nane of the preed to
which she belon:s. Measurements were made of the largest
and smallest slobvules and the results will be found under
each drawing. These results will also be four.d in table III

folioving the arawings.
 

 

 

 

 

 

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Longsat Browelin 0 OFf ara.
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Lar gee? Drew .00739 mm.
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Woe eo -t
Hovtije D. “Hol. 2 e O08S © 20059 :
College nowtle oo" © 20041 =: .0007  :

: 2 :
pelle Sarcastic " 2 209417 > 20913 :
Soliece Paulie Anerica, © 9095 ©: .0O018 :
QOatka Gi. Yavne . > 20066 © 20005 :
Coll@7s Pauline Wayne o°¢ om - 9051 - 20002 .
GCollezs Dame Le Srocq  . Jersey > 0091 =: .o007) :
Collese Damo Le 5v™00q Sa.» s - 01S © 40013

1 a : @
Colleve Pozis ¢ " © 60054 2 29913 :

> ;
Solleze Poxris 24. fl 0063 =: .001a. :

Jersey " > 0 9061

> .OO013 :
SDPO : :
BSeky e ondss > e007] > 2 ODDO :
_ —_ t e : e
Alda oa ¢Guem-eey : .0058 : .001I2 :
| " Reg : : :

Cara Polled > .OCEH °; 2.0015
"tilla $ ative © 0075 : .0014 :
+ : : :
Tiateorne " : .0O091 7 ,J212 :
oy”
Cone lusions.

Here aztain conclusions carnmot be arrived at in remzard
to all the breeis revrese:.ted on account of the inequality
in reuresertations. The iravings,nowevor,warrant tie state-
ment tnat the Jersey rlomiles amo larger than tne Holstein
tlobules. These tro breeds are about the same in regard to

unifarmnity of size. The fat slopules Lrom Collese Damc

é
Le Brovq 2a. are among the larvest ever seen. Those from

¢)
3

Aida 8a.(Guernsey) are varticularly noticable for their uni-
ilia (Natives) make a good
showing in regard to size and uniformity of size. Their milk
in these resrvects resembles Jersev milk.

In rezard to the sinxe and uniformity of size of the
globules from each individual cowv,a clearer idea can be

obtained by a study of the rrec:-ding drawings,to which the

readers attention is resycetfullyvy called.

There 18s one condition tnat arfeeted the results con-~
siderably,namely,tne lenttn of time that the diffcrent cos
Nad peen tivinz milk. It has beer founda that the number of

Globules increases and tne sine decreases as the period of
lactation lonrgthons. mo taple IV will be founc tne mumpcr

4

of davs cach cow had been ctivins milk wnen the count$and the
drawings were nade.

9

er cent puttor Pat on the dav the count

=

Tn tanle I tne

»

was made is given. Inasinsch as the test was low tnat day,it
seems no more than fair tnat tne average test for that week
should be viven. Table IV shovs truco por cent butter fat on

the day the count was madc,also tre avorage per cent for that
aa

Table IV.

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COlicge ovale DM © 722 80: 3. 23.1:
en] JA Nanna aot ray . tt — e .
Belle Savaastis : :152:185:32 3:3. :
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“Ny ms SN wa SL 4 , .
Colioce Paulino Anerica " ete 4: 2.3 : 2.7
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< + 3 o- ary . . " ® ™~ e ° e
Oatka eRe esas : . LoO¢ ° 61 ° et ° 209 :
e e e e e

ae ya Pre ages e ° ) : l
Gollevs Pauline Vayne goo" > 153°: 110 : 2.7 : 8.1:

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College Dame Lo Sroeqy ' Jersey : 809 : BE

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Jers We ' . Co . W114 “+ e4 : tc) eo 65 :
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