snesis — «aie > ee ee ad ood ie ae ae a THESIS eae Laer eer a ns } MoS a cr Tr) Bee | (aeee! halla enaiaeddionl f 5 1 4 } {) H €> a j = ae ee en nn i Pn wes i a= ; oe } Lr a os { : a F == MeN eI OT ee : jv NS? | JOHN M, RANKIN _ = ee = = snEsis i we T H KF S J sg Ry Jonn HH. Rank ion. t ‘Lehisan Acrvricviturel collecse. 1901. ’ 4 THESIS FOUL REOcD, Foul broca is = ttsese OP Poses eevee jr el _ be oe - wt oe 7 at Cc. ae 47 7, tn Rie x4 .. Looe . - a < Porte or tee State of mloGede an F240 Cl wnpehn is ~~ ewe T + omy No y. vy > -S co cya ee er tee _ os +? wie OES eeces Eerough fro eiiary, ¢freetins tie o.+ NTT a aoe 7 , 49 -. a. ~ whe . - . 6) POR IS ly 2 to, aon e3 is y t? ° r. ae TOLD aehopda ; ; “4 - wane a) * 7 r . 7 - ae yen eb mrt gate ee SP >, . 4 f - C aly Co Co. t © o4 C C ( eo LO C J C VW S Cc! LS Ga S Mie FO The vresenees of S&S verm aedierl cw ton cwetone 4 5 -. ~~ ,- a4 . -) a) - er oy - Sacte Raeittuea alver., aAcuit bees are suxvosed to +\- Sues - “7 : hd a ~ a ‘ - 7 ma we . 7 be beyond fine reacn af Tas ferm, Tit e ae) 9 aryvee rpetrve n tie azas of na oO sy TOUCH contitesben Pron: ia cl ncastod 74 Vy aed vile} cept: cten is provsnt to the young larvae by the nurse bees, but in ail ePOUnDLILty the geo u 2s Syteratiseag vith the rood, It bs voen sid tiat foul breod eevelots rom chilled crostarved wecol. X = ~ . Pa 4 .Y ” Se eon neevern bevend a goust ict 10 be trve. da = : . - re =~ a + 1, er 4+ . 7 . a a Sivoe it is a gorm disease it cornet Sovelop win ~ bee am when eansos it is ret present. Gn the . oe * . set sa 42 en at exaymm lund, TPe GLSen1se 1s soe wu aly 2hPooulLovs a ok a - ‘ a ov infected loney my ruin a whole 103442 mm ae co vr: e. TON ote Ovi LOUIS , 7 coe sy . abe a) =. me ew Wore EEN DT AMT tm Ar tha Yrecsence wk ~ oo. wy ve 4 Shad 4 3 wpe 44 -y ren oe , 5 yee. ' . ost . . ; ; . OF tle eyseAaAco penrests 1lteslir in the ehavior +? tty Veyoawn w-7” : - - ; Hy yas we 7 tee hee . OLD Sr OOS WALAA SO not sor ta ma cadqg tt natn se ~ ke = =k. WSs a P NApiws WIT Tyee ae iy ne ~y 4 et MIST d eetivaty mit bevwaig lacy, arecleit waiier, = + - TVA grey ye ty + + oo 7} “a. : Lye. Cy a ‘9 c! re U _O ‘yO if Cl a , i uit? a), 7 S » cy + wae WM YA - . at . soy -- or ke fo wwe QV Trey Tete °5 “ ~. La.P r03 5 - +h eh SGV SG Se teoucth the Dees were losth to "clean . con MW Sa ee Tag oe 3 es AiG ¢ Aotey Pees way Van ut woe antes AO, APToR tne es sease is veall navanced a foul si2] wees ay , pore a yaa - TOO” - eos + ' Fp pe res@lplineg 2elting lue LAY Lie GeteEected Wa howt Peover toe ecver oven, int at cove little dis- tarmee Pror the hive, infeaucd selory reveals the vVolloviig ,ecvlisrities: . - . a . cel — y yO -%- \ Vs feat larvae ave ceo ressed slishtly a dq earner than “ ~ 5 as oe . . .- Yo -_ . ° om 34 4* . tie lesithy ones. Tere is orten a anole in tie aonter ot tf > cen. iveny larvae, comever, o2¢ Lore tO COLL Vis gp tler hehe — — y - rl - -* s+ 4 7 + . c 2 + Tt tie exw tion 2s ae ott Kase ATK is just besineing, thie «af ected larvae are no long- or ourled up, iat eiti. er boc exvenress an ~ Anessa warden pheut urratureily. As the cisease prosresses they Lose Tleoap pate we a | ‘log “4 ™) ad he e LSreahrw cnA yaa ¢ «tC me @ ~~ eat mayen ~ vor ot ‘ eB 4 ser “7 “wy aC! AT te w : a ds Wy rr + Oo SA ae . nor rs ck dm mo ¢ Ue 4. . ~ "om Net yore ni: Rd “eM Sep a et oe z . Ty OC; Vie . et . Co Cc A ct “4 4 ~~ « 4 an ~ ' ae GO) 5 r . . TY eee ee ‘ 7. pica, Ad wae een 1 , 14 m3 t . i on t ‘ oo ory tL «7 4 CVC oe Ce an t+ 2) = 7 ‘ wake 7 Lad a 4 ot Ll vel yey 5 ( for wwe YU a” 7 | yer SOY rf a” ’ ve . yea ‘ dai ( 14 SN > 2 fs 4 ’ ’ a’ APT ( trad NEN . s&s ‘ , oval ~. >) 4 dot a > tru? : ‘4 (Lae ct oo LAW - } “"\rs "ee fw Z T., . ft. e Pee ms | ‘ 1 ot} VO, ‘\ wos 4. 4. * x1 * ly gaksdta mua ' 1 in . ra € Cl. oS a) + TTE “Ns od TO 1: _~ ‘it #&) Orv at Prom 74 ai cay r id . 1 ‘ oT s1 + oe . . . 7 ws O oe - uo porwr - ‘ \ ‘ 4 Tt ’ ~~ ~ . Ns . ~- ‘4 “7 »\ Ase 4 - : i fag : 74 yy; on OQ - pvnaye 5 4 + tok . eh aed La 43 ft - - af “27. ae ye soa 4 . . - > . - CU L 9 oo be ], be 8 rt a 7 fo ion OOM -- oe ke - . rilote r Dae watt Se ye v ( Ly | > i -N a Ly + ; 3 a 4 ’@ ef Aw te © L aoe a J ty ee i u. : v, ct 1 1 y { y yt _ a - fe Tt 4 ONE c¢ a4 yn Nye - we -, mee Ls cp te _ 3c “ -~ BOE OE OO TM Da Te eye mor tl en @ Peveme tke rok I | bl at es AR Var as T 5 (XY SN tres - a 1+ I aoa cob ee Vie RL i ta koa Oe 4 Ci. OULD 6 fil Lal ir eye ep og eg ope ore, ay YE ee CUR, ails GC C red oe ore. tO a oy ols wl fee + -- * 5 opt - - =~ os -~- * ° - yoovtem™ CRO Me OVeEa Ler Toe avers y noes 1d + - ~ - “yay , - : -* 4. = % - esa my sa ~\ > - DD, 7 on VES vO ry eS ae, — trey testi Metre my rh 7 y 4. 4. + _— i) a Be : oy s) . ~ 4 My ’ i on oOn,r | f eC 1] Ly C * a . 9 Or: “ - ~ .“” - oo . 7 7 ~ ’ .. . ~ 3 ~ - ’ tS ey t, Cy TOO : oo :! ety ve . On Vv T, : T. . (5 io , G Loman - . fi - a" - ~ ve . ~ 1 >. a -. V7 cpp no. ALD Tm em teeth os ot disesscd - aa . : : ? ' - “ + - ~ oe oe ota .. _ ecelep des lett a ae 2h? VOLE, (OQ 25 5.0% ety Tatty Str teey = Spe eG ‘ Liu etter Oi TP Fam oes 2 - tof, an Ms hos, - _f yu Cus Ly Jk me bee + > ae ~ oy SN a | 7 ca ‘ om ~ £ cr “O an th Ts yNt a ] “tN ‘ , ‘ {> Pa ede Lae Ci walk Oh s+ ( a afi wk eo an . - se te SL OSD = : 7” - | 1 Tard pe De FAs Ppo#t: ree epoca A eolories. jy col cell tl tr din the : . - . - YY, SONG i 4 Ae -* ~ “ ce 7 + ‘| i> rye . Ti are joo Eto civ ele Dean aA alenee 70 settio a: ; NaepTan -! - ~ NEN - 7 7 ore ae ~ 7, Ye 7 pers a ‘ eels oetore wae inc set tion toe Fs 10 eo ousien . ° a As wv . = os rc L 5 7 Nc ~ ty + Wa, ttt. 1 f? iets 1 es ‘ ' bork a ome (4! a . aw) C tA a> ‘ os ‘@ ~ mom eww _ - “ - Neo 2 wy 4 t - (TF + | i ep Je neeanA een ea er eebhoet an 4 nly tiie ie . ~ - + ana wy te od - . ke - - “7 sa ' on NN (~ of, Mrs Stay) , Y vv 7 Vy cr " f\o XE ” ’ th ,_ > 4 a 4 U v3 AY) &) . - : q = ~~? yd _™~m Cure? . ay; - ~. 3 ~ AN * a a vr an YF 7 y, of 3 i : iW C; 1 —_ _ ‘ . ‘ Vo, atk Luvs wo ohoncy Oy teeding ph sy .. > ° : , . T wes ‘ 7 - +7 tA , an SP » be } i: we PVP ~O a ky TAG OL af « ‘ hd = ‘ . sa . ‘7 7 -.- egy yume ry moO oy eae tO ~ 0) ‘ . ed \ 3 IN ver, Y - vt ’ S ef lg te ~~? —~ i cli! y, _ ‘ sy =. 8 \ ok > * . . . ee 8 - -~ oy - a . y an) ese a :~ x ~ a LT: « “Qos oo +4. y rift] cy CE ae . oa aN eo - - tee ey awe ore 4 1 i\7 ba Oa he ee . (7 a . te) i vr) mi ve - “ . - , «7 Pe Tester ee TAY TP AaAt : . - - --e eT - seq me at oi its Lo Mea Soe rere pre pet at ePhEeg acer, - 5 ae ON PSP OyTN pyr ag verte en 7 seen ante mat ip) SON ATL Tt VOT ae 9 ct MOYO] ey) oe I tg 40. 34°29 ce . - . - a. wa Aes gy If93 . = , -~ “fe ae - . Dp (i. . + ‘ vy } 8 ory cs Loi ee CID cit 'S -. - elma 17! V "y | 4 ‘haa’ ree is ‘ . ° 1.0 DRCH ale 2 4 11.3 . ~ r -y3 vy eae Fey FRE Oy GVO Dp 1ree OF wr a es nar rim ti, "oad oor tae - - we Ge ow eee phe 5 - I be carn | . + ce ~ ech ides te. the eg a ~ . da. : , Tt | . - - : - 9 ed O o ‘ OA ut fe , (trea es i a - os BO Lt fa es mde a - ~ * . ‘ - ou, toy ‘ t vy sign <- +. - yas 3 "> vo soe a’ Aa v O me “es a - — , ; t : ~ | t e a a. + sn ~ eo v soto c, . a) 7 ~ bus rete “+ Pr gn i oey eee c OAR Gh WoL ae hopvdoes, Weer 2 + y ' : ry. Yu “aN re ai *. - . a ed ’ Mea ee TE ne TN Om rym eva ‘ . “= cot gy 9 . rye hee Dy ‘Qe Pig mr ay soe es | . = rt . , i : C4 : 1 i ‘ 7 4 - _ So il ) if L, f. L ' POAC v .? i 7 ‘ t y mo“ saat mv a -- . em we! vs . Lo - ft mn he - 5 47 syr a es ne - 1 : . , oy a. fl ‘ ‘ - i : " e , : { ”~ c ey 1° > a “ne - 7 1 . NON ya" oe yet - ~« ue 9 -- a_i t-, 7, : poe > a 4 f i veo TO “es " o_w3 f oot 7 ~ -- me ak a - oan : ees Ys ' 14 yr } ts Ce Ns - - Tm af ama 2 5 4 \ 10n Uy 1 pn. Ori. Yoo. ab ol ‘t ! i a” . te 7.4 Loe NL. . , > ' oo 3 wf 7” - tn , « -~ « oe « we Foe Deet Bao eos lf) ety et orto cum. end . ? . - - . te « 9 Roe “TN ey FO Cetera t Doo peyh ye T oe eke yt ca - ‘ + - . ° , SD eT ta TN let Freon ey 4. . wv, , owe seem de es aa ae a ae oa Fh oe os M6.k Cr) LPM. Lite este ren vew@ | ~ AA yo t. yor 4° -_ , 5 7. . ee Lobe 7 sooay ’ ood. ‘ co -. dake 27 UD , Bob 7 te Sh -, - oy. « _ . ~ 7... - -- - l~ . ~ - sen -s + w+ . moe , Pes e NG ren NS et JF 7, 1 rons “4 = 5 - 4 - 7 2-0 a. : * ’ ° , 44 ‘ sot \ 4 . 74 . , a 7 ‘No f , rey ble pO Bowe bok Sh os alo en. pron moray emg ros ws ovooy selony 1s ed ” . * + ~ > - o - o = ae 4. ~ ag ~a ~The Te ° oo,’ vo So sot rare ae bao has Orden, . eer MN OG Oy OS - a % oa 5 - . _ - . “ + > ‘re or AS ~ TTT NG bet iat me tA OP water TO evoby - _ . ~ -- . 4 . a .. .. wt ; . . = a 7 ye ear * +} - © * \3 Da HOVRAG OF OA ar fe Ger Lita. aN Oo ~OL1L. . 4 L 4 =, re ey tage ee Ay meade Plated. GL. To Oho oOo Pret be » . sof wee oe -— J - ~ 9 _. - - ~ > -. -- 7. : J. wren ° +" Wa crass ctmayys FINN Te pees ep wyde TeV VK Voor) Per vee Loe On Gare ive, 75 . : S ~-,4 7° . + - a se a , oy ~ 74 we ae to a a oy we ‘ y™~” Soy OO 1 Yt t, fy tok wate dt Ve MO OS clo lO ' see; Fi) ‘ 1 OUT vs . : ° . mo + 7 an ._. q + = sy . + a. oe r, aw Not LV N fs rv , , - m AIS e "OO Colony 1. CUP. 3 Ont foo ~) we GG 1 wads e 5 oy . 7 = 1 “sae ~s, . ety Oar Ay hit the o8e aer ee 4 oeE pa pre aver, Ox Col.y (17 hy @ Sot ‘hae . — . - ~ . yt, soye - aay Dams every dincas 4 calovy pl 0 wae lave 2 « ~ . . 1 - vr wa? “oO Cr (}: ( meea 7. ae a ee Py otae ¢€ .7, t .eY SES toa . wet cal de. i PPA Gee tt OL OPE GL. LE eee re ° . Le a . Ae " fnotoa pow e@louan combs. ' “yy eer - a. : . = 7 ot 7 en 307 TY Y SOAOli— ™ “ . yo yore ww Fe nT pe eS a. web Pasi da hoo Mee ge. ane eet he OP GaP es 0 Lo4 ie - 3 Coe ge re dteast the L.elvoy . oT ° . ‘ . a ‘ . cn ) an 720 tt i t | vor ’ , f | - (> _ ma 4 Ve wee 4 - a my tig HICK Dg a8 -* . . su 7 ce ew ak - aps _ O Hy oO: Level a -~ co . + T ee ae) i CE T me eh Voy, Orne ee v Xe t 7 ait: Ob wr low _. tra Ul AS 3 _ * ° ; 5 J * y =n a4 \ . : ~~ - 7! ° < MOVORL: ce fe , ' i pope Wey ca Soma a yo ‘ “eo - ot ~_o wad, i an ), t t ‘ 1! er’ } ine 7} - . soe a ae . —. a al ~ “~ + O f* OOS7 ON Wa ~ 7} 7 tay a ay -: an ’ aoe a) so ve a eae | C i of ’ Pel OMEN OD OO vi! sade: = ‘ ‘ 7 Poca geaqs . Cor bs woth LOL TY TN Aes oie TH OR sae A ee! a . ; - leds pay ‘ . | af Onn rad . L woah, (ae . ‘on | 1,1) oO 1s se romp ay mee aos . . : t paar , wy : ~ ate ats og iver Los i yyy ny yy -_— 7 = - ~. . a ° ce an oO - ta ag , . . . _ : . Cys: 4 . 5 + : - * / re 447 oo yo pt mee ~~? . \ - * : : 1 ' ' ; a Na ey “a : mY ON sree . ° - we to - 4% Ve of og ' \ vo Oo 1, Coe; -) ~- | ‘ Q be. } ’ v i She o, - ~~ . ON ee eyes - - . ALSO DPoom ec, wos seen ae tees ae or oix OG SEES OP Gal oe wa thon,y how crent Ro Bemba ae copsswet a DM e - “yy : _ oe oe Moya So oP ageesomy oe ES VabrPyoy teent= Pept as a MAP OoNVvaS OP eot, Qo vroadg perl carte “ : 1 . ° . 3 “ATA yee ay ans 77 7X 2 rT 14 x ~~ ta , ot y OG el aaa ey A (7 ’ poe i} a C ho ne (s (} J] - wr “ Ve mg tO . . . , _ - . / ; 4 . ~- _. . aarp ma mee - .-, 4 ‘ -. . , + ; : wa aver yeas v co ease 14 LL - * +4 ay yyy mag : ,. ay c.f = ° a | a a moe ~~ * - . 4 foe os my te eva te t, eo , roe Tey - | aa tr t, © Py EN aided ad. Waa? hey al . Jo. { : , von +s Mmoondinit At dit. tole te Ve Vancte to Pear vrom aie NS a ee we ee e meee cle in + PODDETS yr ‘ Y aor 2h } —s, — Cat ~ 5 . ok . / . ‘ JS oNm f (> ren] . .you* ‘ \ . 1 “ a4 ’ , ' ' ' Cr NI" coer @ } OWS . ~~ a * pr eT ee } Ly ms Va Aries os - ; j ( . . da VO] WY by oft Od an th (Ooms Sooke eet ; ma 9 ~ r t : ™ vey act ._ * ' ~ es, . re . r ~ foo ’ Coe “yen . . .. -_ . an ew wk Neu dal Lt > @ s : os 4 ” . , Dey usyes Cy ooo . oo ek hy L a ¢ . 5 - . . twos ' ( ' * ( @) Qo haw aoa. iwi : . = ' (7°%r Pog yr ray 8 Ns =a. - a Y e eo Na ae \> wa € ° - Vran em + ~ . = PE Door om wer ret At. Spee te - - ~- ~ * ae id i » Cua 9 aee 8 ae reat! alt . a . Tale oe wT yur tre ye 7% ? rt SM Ne ys In emsranens + ‘one ] 4 nvr try Ses 4. a - ‘ : . . ate Pot, ve . wa we tifa, ua lk: ore Clay 4 ! an cee “tA 5 \ - + aan oo + e. 8 ye at. ~ sy _ oN 1 4 _ eda - - roy iu wn 4 ro ‘a iyo , hag Ot . vy? TU, vee ~ Be ee -_ eo - eo ae “ my > x : : re - a ro - - ‘ ~ 4 * - ; fr | Cot ' ro cy ~ IAT Y ros Tm -, DMT Tt + ooo ste noe nN “yo ah oe ton oe phy -4 6 1 oe . te wi. CO” . y ‘ (7 ) a ~ - ~ 5 ‘ os . : Che VAD Tes morn - cr we an 4 ae . Ce ae ~- CSE co ee oe yD TE EVR tet re OT ame . ae ~ - ~. - + : _ . : : toy i : ‘ t ‘ ' a, ty yu y : X a . 1. “4! M c yoatke : wo : VO eyiita 2,1 ¢ C a ¢ my rrr] Qvy Po 4 , ‘ ~ - og cma Te . - ~ vo ~ ~~ = orn yy vrs ver 19 + Vy . 7 -, I - , - ‘ O en u v i wt f a ‘oy : : ( , a oat ct { t a . t ad oy cere} ~ oO a 4 ar ee an ’ ne 1 . a Ps . , . , . 4 ia 2 a a - says on ; ' vr 5 - + Tey tp ye f, r ’ L ‘ O toy | 4 f Co 2 Cla . 4 \ ‘ ‘ \ ~ oe ‘ V ~ a . nO 7 + _ 5 ° ve cat yO , OOF Vp ee TD Pet ii t Oye ] reo Tis 8 ' | Boe | at 1) . ty - you, oe ru eC ( : { oa to oo. mm ~ 7 . - . vO . 7 -,a- ~, } i To. x va j ores : vy ro ; Tt a ’ war t. { j J. - YY - ‘ t, ’ Ce yy othe Poe , ihe e . t . ’ (re ‘ \ C os C Tep oy sot evoy to derect otor colonies. hTop rep fit goet ov ce. weedy ao OL Merey, Atos 0 fo ehi ta Cooney Trem Crt Ves: OL OY, 2 wow Deca cergrds ov teal colonnes co trent, 2t vill SQ em errce Of Lom evy oe wn xk. T TrOVY na can r, oy ; L _ Ao . . on . ‘ , ENN , oT were - ' oo Doe y « ' o sak J. pay O week 9 Oe - oe . ‘ 8 oa Loe a " FOLND PoP TO L Vr e t , “lo . so , ' , . er TFT et ee 4 7 ¢ oc .- . r ‘ rN ww , 5 > rn e e . : ' nod ‘ c ‘ 4 4 eo a 7 we Oy rol . ’ a eC 4 - AON r 4. . POO TY 4 , TY ENV ISIS "TT ' 4 hy e é ce c- ‘a4 + 8 r-' r eo. : ; ee rot ' ros “rey ' ’ « ' . ‘ . ‘ “ ao) ~ , XK ~ ‘ in r7 : oo. ‘ e - : y be ' aes “T! ! r-! , co ‘. aa + -~/ : f r e ~ et . 7 ‘ = - ' 1 ro =~ ~, ~ b= a. e- r- v { e e -t r t : ~ e et - ’ + ma) ‘ ‘ , ‘ an XN fod . 1 . . - cn eo vi ‘ “yo 1 “TG ‘ ¢ ’ 1 e~ « 4 te “3 cw ficeny ‘ yIt as eat » abe »e ) ued Le d i oa > ‘ C ‘“ t OTOENG oN asa Ty r v e 5 a o a) C ~ rot q -_ 4 a4 a {os ee r-' XS ee - we ‘ - , ‘ _ ° ’ € + ~ s 4 cv ‘ 1 au ~ * ' ' Ti , N ' : ' 7 ‘a a a ae | - "je 4 “| . ’ + ‘. 4 re ” ' cf « vo. ‘ 4 cn a ~ e a . “ft . , 3 Lo ( eo! i ‘ c 7! 4-- - o> cos .- a, - 4 _ e-ol tO 1 ‘ 1 ta 1 oo “Poa 1 ~ t Vl. . rc’ . -° r n- ~ a Lt C sot “9 ~e __! r-7' ' “ro + . - e - e ‘ - , t yo ‘ - \ x e 1 r \, - ce ° » 4 o>? 1 a ” + . oy = . fos yt 2 - af * a ‘ . ~ 7% ~~ . ' ~~ any vw Me 4 " _! e A €) ' “j- : “ —e, 1 ~~ ood ~ co ° ij . 1 rod . CO . aon Re ae a ~ - c : ' . = a a! ae >» . ‘ 4+ \ . wee os . . ~~: ‘ \ oe > ) 4-- 4 s ' t-- a. - r > _ po t i, e c m2 sed ane t a d . , ‘ -—' . . oa ° r- % wy . Ae * -- AL \ ‘ ° ° oe ° _ ‘ vm “on or ; Tra fe. ~ INOS Nos ‘Nv 7 OL 4 c C TOR % 5 ” . , ’ a 1 @ r @ ‘ i} e r 4 “4 Ps uo -r-| ~ - r ‘ ~ 17 4 -- . PNY ry ye A 4 yerrn \ 1 ? OO "eNO ~ s um ’ a ‘ ‘ ‘ ) Ve + ~ ora vie DD 7 here en wed + Vea Eos pNs ae . ~o’ “V7 Mm a ‘ sm eee yur, TAN . rt —_ ae Stand 2 Fm mw oe + @& it sae mia! Ly > C ri . . Lr an awa we Lots = +4 So « he: Oy ‘ s€ € ' CVT, wean —. “yy rae Z NOS . olor. ‘ aes Nae i ~~ For a -— L 7h ms ' i— o va “VUr f rhaté -- «4! ct 1. to ealnticn cy Noa yu ( 4 J our ae 1: —_— . 7 . riya N30 as C2 a) + ade . mee apt, x J a 4 “Noy vlog we L LON. oy | - . yiae c o 4s a ! J Ln 2t Vs 7 co Cri.