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THESIS
DESIGN OF A
ANY] nest ah eR

FOR LANSING MICH:

= J, RICHARDS E,W’ TAPPAN

Ee et
 

THESIS D . ie OS 9 =

~ ( Ly fhe 2k
rey ene 4 "ay

This thesis was contributed by
Mr. E. W. Tappan
under the date indicated by the department stamp,

to replace the original which was destroyed in the
fire of March 5, 1916.

5 .
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SUPPLEMENT AR!
RIA

IN BACK OF BOOK

 
 

 

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THE?
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my vee
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* TAGS LIcrocal ayn
Ces
Ti. City of Laneine, Niche
it

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‘1 &
ant -é
THiS
The evdject of the surk required by thia thesia in to
invaatiguta the necersity, the rrobnvle cost and the feaaivllity
of a gotmgs Chrposal cystem for tho city of Lansing, Michigan.

Lanaing, liko nany other cities today disnonos of ites
corago by Gilutione Practically the entire evaso flow of tho
city 498 discharged into the watees of tho Grand and Codar
Riverae A very considerable amount of this savage enters tie ce
rivers at various points along their courses in the routhorn
and vectern partes of tho city, and rised with their waters,
flora thru the ceter of the city for ita entire length. This
46 not all however, for from tho time those rivers entor the
city from the south untilthey leave it at the north, they
have intorcepted o total of thirtyetro sewer openings dincharge-
ing very close to five trillion five hundred thousand gallone
of houso sewage into then each daye Yo havo not in our ponsose
sion the resulta of chumical or bacteriological analyais of the
wator boloy the city or at differont placdas within itn linita,
and consequently are not in a rocition to atate definttely tho
dazrea of pollution caused vy sewage. Tt would ncen, Lovover,
that it ust be considvrable. Considored from the standepoint
of aprerance to tho casusl obeurver, one has but to etand on one
of the bridges, tho Kalamazoo Street bridge, e. ge for a fow
minutes to hoar such romurks as thia, "iy but that river looks
dirty,® or, *f wonder what maxes that scum on the wator?®

In a diecussion of the subject with Hre Edily, the anniste
ant city ensinovr, ho said that a sevage disposal aynrter ‘6
eoneidored unnecessary because the rivples in the river bolow
the city causod cugfictont aeration to take place to remove
from the water nractically all of the isruritics due to pewaAsO

{03429
02 @

pollution. Tiles may bd»? terug, novortheless that doon not facile
itets matter: within the limits of the city where contamination
can prove most dangerous, and it anpeale $o us that some method
of Qienosal other than dilution ghould be provided, for tho
wollfare of the citisens and tho besuty of Lansinge

tn orJer to inctall a sevage Gisponal plant the preront
eewor tyetoms vill neceemrzarily have to be so chanzod that the
sevare can bs doliverad to the plante In our investigation of
the topogrurphy of tho city of Lansing, wo found that without
& large ancunt of pumsing 16 would be impoealble to carry a11 the
sovagzo to one location. Conrequently more than ona plant will
be necessarye

The mterfial elone on the weet side of the Grand River is
north and south from liain “treet. On the oant side the nlene
ie in general tovard the river and north and south from Josorh
Street. From this it is guite apraront that tro Cistonal rlants
w1li be the more fensiblo, one located in the southorn part of
the city and the othor located in the northern parte Tith this
tn view we have selocted ths following locations: For the plant
in tho aouthorn rautt, a nortion of land situated south of tho
Grand Trunk Railrocd and north of the Grand River, now ownod
by The Seager Engine Torks; for the one in the northern part,
the vacant territory north of Yiliow and west of Symour ftreets
fronting the Grand.River on the north. Theso locations seen
to us to be the mort favorable becauce of accosrability, or in
other words, bucause the precent cower cyctens can be uttlisod
to the groatust advantage ané 411 necessitate the amallest
anount of redesign and reconatruction to carry tho sevago to

the plantae
In cur estimate of cost of a ecvaze dirposal eystor ro have
rade many assurptiona which are brsod uron various authorities
solocted only after a careful consttoration of the subject along
the diffarcnt lines.

In a gearch for information concerning tho cost of cone
struction of eevera m have cons considersble roading and held
faterviers with different partics. The contractor sho is at
rresont constructing a larso sevcr in th. southora part of the
city etatsed that he had done a larga asneunt of trenching in
Lansing and had Gurervoed that the river sacred to be a nort of
Gigidins linee On the mrt aide the oscil is montiy clay while
on the east it Is molet sand necessitating the une of sheathing
even in shallow trenches. With this as @ basia we bogan to
lock for conothing general concerning thea cost of excavating,
backfilling and eheathing dn such material. Ya wrote to roverdl
comraniss acvertiaing trenching machinas anking thom for infome
ation concerning tha cost of such rors, but very little inform-
ation vage gained fron thie roursee Thon wa consulted Gilidttets
Tandbeok of Cost LCatae Althoush thore wae considurable data
contained therein concarning the coat of nevr construction,
rractically nono of 4% was gonoral nor could any example similar
to Lansing be found. In the sixth ecition of Folwsli's *2ewer-
ago*® pare £24, Table Woe 21, can bo found the data that we
finally solected for tho onttirate of cost, of excavating, backe
filling and choathinge Although thin dou not oxactly fit our +
ecnditions 4¢ tn the most nosrly goncral of anytt.ing we have
beon able to find.

Por the cost of sever pire wm havo taken the valueon givon

in Engineering Reva for April 5, 1911. The cost of laying the
- a, 4 4 “ men. cyt np 1 - a% 2. ~— « . ree @
fra hie O22 oT tl; ~ a? : rob Hes a7 13447 zh , Petal a ame os ) wai “F ‘ 38 © .

“4

: e . . : . . . § . a, 4 <= . . - 2
Polewolt’s Ste screen sa. 8 " hova trengt our astivota of cont ad
7 yptet. : a * i,  , ~*~ ee as “~ m . &. . .
Detek erecp voex en theo fellevinae infec etion aotidnoa Pear
~ _ 2 >, ey ” oe « 3 . « ~~ ., ah.
BWLlettate PasdooeR of Cont Dutre
aoe a
Labo ses |
b wtp Me mm, ne em tena
es ic K es @ fa r oF tse ( Sosy pir es
» . -
* fe ” rat e j a3 @.: ’
om, .
“ett ek:
Ia foes To len one eid
Cerrge te en?
riscetiansnous gin
ee eo, . 4 oe eer
} fd “ese ike Vise pb Os

roe . n *
: o_ ° - .,
« a! a tisk VAN» (ie Yule wee Ww » fou, a 0€ te
“wt ?, 4 Le
OM AE w YA e
~ vr ~9+¢ ro Y “ty
rer sre e we
oF ug OS so
. i twee ite @ "yo
a to 2 th
RE @tsiucy
"os 8 *> 4
a” “4-e.) er il
or ? cede ht
whe tg db 9 fey
aos . en 8
1X oth eer. 42
woof =, ©
e ow. @u 34
os ts Coes roaGs
Lp oe ew) eta

Peer entitatine coat of ranheles wo constructs. a oto ctarm
efrdlar to ane feonnd nan cbliettele Pancoacke Pha Claowen is for
a 4 foot ratclie ant te usd ce Lollio-res

Fot a 20 foot rehole [allow tha vert4ten 2d 1 fen J4no ty

infterrac tion with orice’ curve, thence Lorincnt.dly to ths lott

Sines with tha sand, mettie, ana cenoang curved ver ecsivory,roud
vertically ebvovea 1leS 7 cue Filte of QMNig “ers Cile YF ite of morter,
aid 49 Dolee Of caents To accortain the cont follow tho

vertical 15 fact ling from botton te fiteresetion with cert

*

ivy

%~,

A iw ¢ .
yisay ©

4
curvesand road horiaontally to visht, coct mlus lb,
ich cost of isscr is °17.60 ar shown by the Peler cutyce

“

Tha curves allow for a coubla layor of Uorick fin tho pattcis
Oe

enG the outsiags of the maniiole toa bs well tlartoreue
C2eIGu oF eT aes,

PRELICTMA2Y TOUS As a rrolininary to our veceaign of tho
Bower avetora 9 cosiuinsd fro the City Ensiuctort's office tha
SBlovation of eech etre ot dntuesection. Thia vove usa pretty
Gow Luva Cf ther topoyeschy of tho clty. Then wa shotehaad woon
anat the lucation cf ths ovine! la savwiea of ths chty and usrige
mited tha setacde of thasa savers
pugtua 40 Wid ata Bitlis Tor one ocsonocutationae

we LON TA our recectun we have astivlichaa grades
Convenicut to the terczrarhy anu then made tho cormrutations
naceesury te vector: tac ths elze ef aeverg raquired to citry the
S07ago hich can vo Gurtrics oy the rretaent oovera with trooir

gice and oruuGe

oc?
Cy
ug
ts
&
oY
pte

The Loveulas uced to aa of rino ana 822 shaved

66 73° wuet@® vonvectivelys

ONLY

dw 1,45 { Fe}

”

7 e~ 2 y .
i & Leck + 3.3
inwhich d © ula.oter in fect, qs quantity in cuoic fcet ror

@

eocond, © ® a constant oovtainued from Mutter's fcrrula, ands es
tria 3lov9.e

For locations, sigzes ana grades of aavare soo vroftles and
rang chovinsg tha redecigned sever saystcis.

As an exarria ve will sio7 our preco:dure with tho Rarneg
venue fu vor e

Tra Gotten of this sever conslatsa in cor.uting tho alizes

nocecsary to care for the sewage that is at nrescnt being cured
_?

Le. +. .™. .. . Rg “ - . 3 4.
oT sy Gini fey Ate ia G4 £4; ai wan - eeic te
ee oe yee + 4 . ~ . ' . . a ” ty » Lt
Tha vroesent aesece on Peover Pour Real AvGe, tO RI SY
*,. .
Avadey tf 4 iu” rt

+: s my 5 * @s - * “e. .B.. : N: y @ ay 2 or
C9 3 EG 5 oT ac: tay ° v 12 ~ {id wey Fae; % a f aa pow peel @

rr ~ 4" - we - . , o* ™ oe oe g . . , wN ce ‘ ev ” _7 ‘ .
Tho rraaohnt scaassey AWee Rein inserocen timmy cover nan a otis of

pene . - 2. * of an ; 8 : ‘ 2% .  , . |. > ~~, wee Ay ao
Oo EKite oe ridrg ut Cla Vand o CE bak Vi ele kb ke med BE aisenu Clle x be
mn _ ~~ gam : oe .  awhers ~ 3. ny os . “s ° ok * Pp _, OY
oe el thane 3229 ry 4 rey gc? & 2 Pe 3 Zh tS i af fina ep 67 ao..t *: UF rr ‘, y oi ig, O 49
sf
wedertQ \ ws
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? evr : ‘ .
ua *® A oe t at ‘2 @' rt} & a e.: 0 ® a w
c= a a 2 « ; ~~ \ '
thetelses a roe cae Oy marr? will bo weod fron Prades evae 9

Reto Laat rreoont an D8 rtoe nacor have a gread oF eftG
megter tar oS Poh Ayte om rmun.bint 6uat to Faclhington Avaesy thon
eeuth te Reboare Tt ecractty da 1645 cue ft. ror coed panting
the teeol gooant of esencrta te bo titan care ef froin Tous Avae

to Fere TG, aquad to Ve? Cte Lte rar seconie Tha alsa of

. ~ | re eer . . -. . : Pa) 3 2 e a
caene secoeraey to Sand curva of this sawmca fa

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