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GRADE CROSSING, ELIMINATION
OF
KALAMAZOO STREBT & NeY.0eR Re

A THESIS
SUBNITTED TO THE FACULTY OF
THE MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE

Guy Re Bennett Charles Ee Brum

Canidates for Degree of
Baghelor of Science.

June, 1922.
THESIS

CO4., |
INTRODUCTION.

fhe abolition of the grade crossing at
Kalatasoo Street and N. Y. 0. R. Re in Lansing, has
been a subject of agitation among oitisens and tax
payers. ‘The city covers a large area in proportion
to its population, anf consequently has an unusual
mijage of Railroad.

Only one grade crossing on the north side
of the oity has been abolished. The main through-
fare of the city is Michigan Avenue. To relieve the
congestion moh of the traffic is forced to the next
perallel streets north end south. Kelamasco Street
is the firet parallel street sonth of Michigan
Avenue. Persons journeying from one side to the other
are in oonstant danger from the Express trains, and
the greatest care of watchmen cannot avert oocassional
disaster. The subjeot herein treated is not a new one.
It is not our purpose to design structures for this
crossing, but to consider the possible mthods of
separating the street from the Railroad.

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DISOUSSION.

Grade crossings should be eliminated when-
ever possible regardless of aost. The mthods of
grade crossing elimination are as follows:

First: By depressing the tracks and
elevating the streets.

 Beqond: By elevating the streets.

fhird; By carrying the R. R. east, and

running i% in on the M. 0. R. R. tracks.

 Pixet: To sink the Reilroad to the necessary
depth would not only be expensive, but there is an
uncertainty, as to the resulte that would be obteined
from a system of drainage that could be used.

fhirds The relogation through a different
, Section of the.city was disesrded as impractical,

* pesause of the radical changes in property Valuation
whieh would result. This eould not be estimated in

dollars and cents, but would undoubtedly work great

hardship and severe loss in one case, while it would
immediately benefit land owners in other cases.

Second: Fhe method remaining is that of
@levating the street and leaving the R. R. on the sane
grade as it is eat present.

It is generally held thet the division of
‘cost ie made according to the general legislative act
on grade crossing; that is, the railroad pays 64,
the oity 10%, and the state 25%, of the accounts.

fhe grade of the street at the bridge was
determined by the 18 feet clear head room allowed
by the R. R. commissioners, to which was added one
foot for solid bridge floor, and two feet for girders,
making the street grade about £2] feet above the grade
of the Yeafle. It is usually not economical to depress
the R. R. since it is limited to .57%, whereas the
street grade limite are 2 to 7%.

fhe order of doing work was as follows:

Firat: BRatebdl ished line,

Seoond: Levels,

Third: Making topographic map of land,

Fourth: Pixing grades,

Vifth: Making profile,

Sixth: Making picture of struotore,

Seventh: Graphical analysis of 115 ft. areh,

Bighth: Estimate of cost.

 
DISCUSSION OF PROPOSED STRUC °

The clear head room above the R. Kk. tracks
ie 16 feet. The space above the arohes t be filled
with earth. The xvoadway is made of 1-2-4 concrete
one foot thick; the surface to have a crosswise
orown of three inohes. Drainage is provided through
cast iron souppers placed each side of the roadway,
near the curb channels. The upper end of the soupper
ie even with the surface of the roadway, and the lower
end is below the lower side of the conorete aroh. The
sidewalk is oarried on brackets andi is connected to
the outside of the girder and in the same line with
it. This practioally mekes one floor beam from out
to ont of sidewalks.

Gerson & Carey Foundry is located on the east
side of the river next to the R. R. A street entrance
to Kaleamasoo Street oan be obtained by means of a
short bridge from the second story of their building.
Ground entrance is provided for by means of an alley
beneath the structure. Kehhs best house will have to
be condemed and site purchased.

The vacant lot east of River Street and
direotly opposite the intersection of Kalamasoo and
River Streets mst be purchased to be used as an

approach for the west end of the structure.
GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF 115 FF. AROH.

The dead load was taken as follows;

Rarth filling ---~-~------~---- ~-em- L208 on. Lt.
Pavement ----~-~--~---~-----..-- -o-~ 160¢ ou. Lt.
Masonry, ----------=- omen w-vanee~ 1508 on, ft.
The load was caloule ted as 100% per linear
foot.
1 = 115 ft. ro Ft. 16, 7
a 115
To = 2.65 it. ve «tO. 2:8, g
| to 25
te = 2.5x 5 = 7.6
Span = 115 ft. rise = 16 ft.
Filling at orown, 2 ft. earth weighing ----- ~ 1204 cu.ft.
Pavement 1 ft. thiok weighing ------ neenee ane 1D cu.ft.
Masonry. assumed as weighing -----.-------... 150¢ ou. ft.

 

Live load 100. . 2/5 . .666 ft.
iso” 7.2/8 ft
Rarth filling equivalent =
2 ft. at 120 = 26 = 1.6 ft.

fhickness at crown = 1.6 + 1 = 2.6 ft. masonery

equivalmt.
Wte
Wt.
Wt.
Wt.
Wt.
Wte

Wt.

LOADING J.

of Sea. 0 - 1 * 41,0008
of Seo. 1 - 2 = 26,400%
of Bao. 8 - & = 19, 200%
of Sea. 3 - 4 = 14,500¢
of Seca. 4 - 6 » 14,6004
of Bec. 6 - 6 = 18,1009
of Seo. 6 - 7 = 24,000%
of Seo. 7 - 8 = 36,000¢

Total #198, 700¢

LOADING II.
_LIVE LOAD BETWEEN O - 4.

of Seow O - 1 = 42, 700¢
of 8e0. 1 ~ 2 = £8,200¢
of Seo. 2 - 8 = 19, 200¢
of Sea. 3 - 4 =» 14,6009
of Seo. 4 =~ 5 » 12,600¢
of See. 5 - 6 = 16,2004
of Sea. 6 - 7 = £4,000%
of Sec. 7 - 8 e 55,000¢
Total =193,000¢
OADING Itt.

LIVE LOAD BBTWEEW O-8 ana 6 - 8.

 

We. of Sea. 0 - 1 = 48,7004
Wt. of Be0. 1 ~ 2 = £8, 200¢
Wt. Of Seo. B- 8 = 17,5009
Wt. of Sea. 5 - 4 « 12,6004
Wte of Sea. 4- 6§& =» 12,600¢
Wt. of Sec. 6 - 6 = 16,2008
Wt. of Sec. 6 - 7 = 25,600$
Wt. of Sea. 7 - 8 «a 87, 200%

ESTIMATE OF COST.

5504 ou.yds. of concrete at $20. per scu-yd.
250 Tons Reinforoing steel at $100 per ton
Wet excavation 397 ou.yé. at $10 per ou.yd.

Dry exoavation 18 ocu.yd. at $2 per op.yd.
fotal

=» $110,000
= § 85,000
= § 5,970
= § $00
= $159,870
FEASIBILITY OF THE PROJEC?.
FIRST; GRADES.

Grades as high as 10%, have been permitted
in New York State. The grade on the approach from
cedar is 4.8% ‘The grade on the approach from River
Street is 5% The intersection of the two grades ia
joined by a 100 ft. vertical curve.

 

SBOOND; DAMAGE TO PROPERPY.

If the city pays for the cost of constructing
the short bridge connecting the second story of Gerson
& Oarey Foundry to Kalamazoo Street, they would have no
oause for damage.

Kehn's Boat house whioh is on the west dank of
the River and direotly in line of the proposed structure
could be moved to a "V" shaped lot just north of the
struoture. Kehn expressed his willingness of doing this.

H ZS.

Of the entire number of street crossings 304%
are considered dengerous. From the inorease in traffic
and accidents which have ooourred in the past few years,
the writers of this thesis have conoluded that this is
10

one of the 30% that is considered as dangerous. If
for no other reason a grade crossing should be
eliminated for the protection of human lives. The
elimination of the grade crossing also relieves the
necessity of having trains stop as they come to the

orossing.

 
 

 

 

Intersection of Kolamazoo St ond Cedar St
Lnd of Last Approach of S/rucivre

 

 

 

Inftersectioy of HalamazooSt and friverSt
L£nd of West Approach of Structure.
 

  

Od Boe String Truss to be Frerpoved
Yotied Line Showng Locatun of Proposed S/rvctore.

 

 

Hohn's Boathouse That Must be Femoved
Dofted Lime Showing Location of Froposed Structure
 

 

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Dangerovs Point! Intersection of Halamazeo St
and NYC. AR Tracks at Present Gridge A bproach

 

 

 

 

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View from West Side of Fiver Showing Hahn's Boat
house, Fresent Bridge and Line of Praposed Structure,

 
 

 

 

 

 

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Pages.
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Introduction ------.-—--- HOR Re meme meme - g
Discussion ----- ween nnn eee wenn nnn ween ee 5
Topographic MAP one ww www nnn mee mn eee nm mn een
Discussion of Proposed structure coe em ene nee 5
Pioture of Structure (minature) ------------
Graphioal Analysis of Aroh done neeeneenenenn 6
Batimate of Cost ----------~--- en ne ee en ee we 8
Feasibility of Projeot --------------------- 9
POCKET
Preture Of Sfhructure | No. f
Profile OF Center Line No Z

Graphicel Analysis OF Fresh No 3
 

 

 

 

 

 

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