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Inheritance of Earliness in Oats

Thesis for Degree of M. S.
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INHERITANCE OF EARLINESS IN OATS

Wwerwei ~¥ +e HSV YEW + He H YS HOEY VO OS

THESIS FOR DEGREE OF M.S.

ROBERT LESTER BUCHANAN
<a

M.>

1915
JHEDSIS
 

 

(Printed by >rof.Spreageg)
These pictures show the field veriety test plat of
oats at the Michigan Stetion in 1914.The plats lighest in
color rre the ripest.Every plat is homozygous in ripeness,
but there is © 2 day period between some of the plats.

\
\

942738
CONTENTS

Oh ject

Introduction

Acknowledgements

Method

Data and ratios for 1913

Selections from the 1913 deta

Indioations from the 1913 data

History of the accession numbers

History of the plats

Segregations and dates 1914

Ratios for 1914

Data at Pullman,Wn. 1914
1.History of the nolats
2-Segregations and dates

Discussion of results et East Lansing 1914

Discussion of results et Puillman,Wn. 1914

Conclusions

Bibliography

page

5--8

8--9

9-10
10
11-14
14-17
18-24

24-25
25
25
26-28
28-29
30-31
INHERITANCE OF EARLINESS IN OATS

OBJECT
To study inheritance in oats in regard to ripeness.
INTRODUCTION

These oats have been under observation since 1908
by Profesor Spragg,as vart of his regular work.This inves-
tigation was really started in 1911,but two years were
spent increasing and segregating the material.In 1913,Mr.
Spragg wrs not able to give this work his personal atten-
tion,but he had one of his men give all his spare time to
harvesting the oats.Mr.Matthews found five classes which
he and Profesor Spregg designated as "Dead Rine"™, "Ripe",
"In Milk", "Heading", and "Not Heeding".The material was
tied in bundles,properly labeled,and hung in the store
room.

In the fell of 1913 the author took cherge of this
work and carefully went over all the material.With sugges-
tions from Profesor Spragg,the grouns were interpreted as
possible Mendelian ratios and selections were made for
cerrying on the work in 1914.The data obtained by Profesor
Spregg and Mr.HMatthews is included in the thesis to show
Gleerly the history of the meterial and the basis on which
the 1914 work wes sterted.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
To Profesor Spragg,East Lansing,Mich.for suggestions,

for the material highly develoned ,for planting the oats at
East Lansing in 1914,and for correcting the thesis.

To Mr.E.F.Gaines and Mr.Matthews for gathering

onts at Pullman end East Lansing.
METHOD.

When the first oats were Dead Ripe,a second class
was Ripe,and other groups were found In Milk,Just Heading,
and Not Hesading.Several of the plats were pulled at this
time ,clessed under these heedings and counted.As no seed
would grow from plants treated in this way,only the Dead
Ripe and Ripe were removed from the remaining plets on
July 27th .Uater observetions led the Ferm. Croos Depart-
ment to decide that there was probably one week between
the ripening of the classes.Thus July £7,Aug.3,10,17,and
24th may be considered the approximate dates of ripening
of the different groups.

Here we consider ripeness and sabsence of ripeness
(leteness) as an allemorphic pair.If there is only one
factor for ripeness vresent,a 1:2:1 ratio should occur
in the absence of dominance.In this crse with complete
dominance the ratio should be 3:1.In cease there are two
fectors, with complete dominance,the ratio should be 15:1.
With incomplete dominance the ratio should be 9:6:1,or
in the absence of dominance a ratio of 1:1:1:1:2:2:2:2:4.
With three factors, in complete dominance the retio should
be 53:l,or in inoomplete dominance 27:27-9-1.In case four
factors for ripeness rre present,in complete dominance the
ratio should be 255:l,or in incomplete dominance a ratio

of 81:108:54:12:1.,
The plats having similiar segregations are grouped
together.The segregations are not identical.All plats are
included in the ratios.In some instences the plats are not
in the group that the number of segregations present would
indicate, but in e group having a greater number of segrega-
tions ,since at times the numbers indicate that some groups
are missing.

DATA FOR 1913.

TABLE l.
Plat number Dead Ripe Homozygous
3 all "
105 rt v?
106 vf Ww

Plats 3 and 105 are homozygous in ripeness,that is
all the plants ripened at the same time.Plat 106 had a

few plants ina later class,but so few they were disregard-

ea.
TABLE 2e
Plat number Dead Ripe Ripe
5 | 81 31
28 124 24
29 149 : 51
32 117 17
33 26 6
9” 355 52
98 25 | 24
102 276 - @9
104 319 28
107 27 117
1499 359
Total 1859
Ratio 3.2270 : o 7750

Expected 320000 : 1.0000
The ratio expected here is the ratio that should
ocaur if only one fector for rioeness is present.As the
number of individuals is not so very large the ratio ob-
tained is probably as close *s could be expacted.Fron
this group we have the best chance to isolate the Dead
Rine and Ripe classes.Selections were made from plat 5

for this purpose.

TABLE 3.
Plat number Dead Ripe Ripe In Milk
4 77 39 1
19 75 5” 18
20 52 42 9
30 28 4 1
31 362 78 18
34 14 16 3
35 43 48 8
38 91 60 25
39 84 117 36
40 27 27 5
43 80 66 3
44 14 19 14
83 44 158 16
86 1350 82 24
87 9 3 QO
88 67 45 0
100 48 18 1
101 37 12 0
1282 — BOL 175
Total 3352
Ratio 8.7211 : 6.9612 : 1.2177
Expected 9.0000 : 6.0000 ;: 1.0000

This expected ratio is the ratio two factors
should give if there is inoomplete dominance.Consider-
ing the small number of vlants this is really quite
Glose to the expeoted ratio.From this group we have the

best chance to isolate the In /liilk ripeners,with a small-
er chance to isolate the Dead Ripe and Ripe.
TABLE 4,

Plat number Dead Ripe Ripe In Milk Je Heading
21 36 38 30 18
22 39 10 5 1
23 45 24 38 1
26 57 66 42 5
27 26 23 8 0
56 1 82 25 0
37 11 61 34 0
41 ” 1? 25 3
42 27 87 32 0
68 15 39 72 7
69 69 89 68 1
75 3 46 71 0
76 19 62 105 3
85 61 72 86 28
89 270 99 8 2
90 30 4 O 0
91 193 7 12 0
92 102 140 35 1
93 167 77 50 0
95 él 112 65 1
96 26 97 116 11
99 273 26 2 2

108 43 71 5 5

1551 1349 934 BF

Total 3923

Ratio | 25.4031 :22.6. 76 ; 15,2373 °1,.4520

Exvected 27.0000:27.0000 : 9.0000 :1.0000

In this group which seems to contain three fectors,
with incomplete dominance the retio should be 27:27:9:1.
The retio obtrined is farther from the expected than the
last.Yet it is quite nossible that some plants from the
Ripe class were placed in the In Milk class as the dis-

tination between the two classes is hard to make,
TABLE 5.

Plat no. N).Ripe Ripe In Mijk N.Heading J.Heading
17 £3 24 56 36 3
18 43 107 109 15 5
24 63 35 69 5 3
25 228 153 69 7 2
70 55 155 72 QO 0
71 56 56 50 0 0
72 16 33 88 15 4
73 3 17 43 4 0
74, 3 13 29 4 1
77 51 80 159 O O
78 25 89 141 0 0
81 99 147 91 0 0
82 14... 62 18 0 O

699 WI 59f 86 1s
Total 2768
Ratio 61.8416 :91.1202:93.2786 :8.0704 : 1.6893

Expected 81,.0000:108.000:54.0000 :12.000 : 1.0000

In this group we find a wide variation from the
expected retio.But the difficulty of separating the var-
ious groups,together with the large number of classes and
the amall number of individuals may account for this.The

retio expected here is that of inconnlete dominance.

TABLE 6.
Plat number In Milk JeHeading N.Heading

6 110 99 1
11 21 132 5
13 160 24 1
15 55 48 2
16 10 10 0
45 72 65 3
46 169 88 0
47 270 153 2
48 65 198 0
49 40 48 0
54 129 34 0
55 46 36 2
60 127 112 31
61 180 73 9
62 150 58 13
66 lll 174 18
67 76 69

—
~J

“J

0

ps
yl
0

bad

oo)
CO}
Togal 3281
Ratio 8.6413 6.9296 ‘ 04291
Expected 9,00000 | :6.0000 ¢ 1.0000

In the cese of incomplete dominance the ratio
should be what is given as the expected retio.The Just
Heading group is larger than expected,but owing to the
method of harvesting some of the plants from the other
classes might easily have heen plseced in this group.so

this ratio may be considered as indicating e 9:6:1 ratio.

TABLE 7.
Plat number Just Ripe In Milk Just Heading
79 12 67 20
80 58 183 36
94 101 £01 3
171 451 BS
Total 681
Ratio 1.0044 : £26490 ¢ #4460
Expect ed 1 e 0000 ‘ 2 e 0000 ° 1 e 0000

This ratio is found for the first time in this
group of plents.In all the ratios so far there has been
strong indicetion of partial dominance.This should give a
3:1 or in the case of ahsence of dominance a 1:2:1 ratio.
It is possible that in some cases there is really an ab-
senoe of dominance,but I think this ratio may be explain-
ed partly by the small number of plants ,and that a large

number of plants would prohably give a different ratio.
TABLE 8.
Plat number In Milk JeHeading N.Heading
7 235 : 7
8 124 45
9 138 46
10 66 22
12 150 35
14 149 16
50 88 113
51 24 17
52 115 77
53 39 32
56 224 89
27 144 83
173 130
59 - 23 24
63 176 29 2
64 200 36 O
65 21 9 0
2089 — 8I0- &
Total 2901
Ratio 2.8803 ° 1.1179 : ~0028
Expected 3.00009: 1.0000 ; .0000

In this group we have a relatively large number
of individuals segregating into two main classes.The ra-
tio obtained is quite close to the expected in the oase
of dominance.

SELECTIONS MADE "ROM THE 1913 DATA.

In the fall of 1913,I took charge of this work
which until this time had been cerried on by Profesor
Spragg end his assistents.Profesor Spregg aided with val-
uable suggestions in the grouning of the material and in
making the selections to oarry on the work in 1914.In
practically all the vlats enrliness(ripeness)seemed dom-

inant over lateness.Thus a plat heaving plants in the
Dead Ripe olass would have only 4D or 4 Duplex.If there

were plants in the Ripe olass also there would be 3D

plas S.If nlants in the firet three classes there would

be 2D plus 2S and so on.Selections were made in an at-

tempt to get 4D,5D,2D,1D,0D,2D plas S,and segregations

from plants supposed to be 4S.in all ceses only plants

homozygous in black and white,and hulled and hulless,

were selected.

Plat no.

4
5
1?
23
47
56
63
79
80
85
94
107
112

Mendelian ratios,

Selection

Best 10 pure hulless plants.Dead Ripe

Same as 4.

All available pure hulless plants.

Dead Ripe and Ripe.20 white hulless plants.

Ljiilk and J.Heading.2O pure hulless.

Best
same
Best
ame
Best
Best
Best

Same

10
ag
20
aB
20
£0
20

a8

plants as in 47.

in 56.

pure hulless plants.Ripe.

in 79.

D.Rive and Ripe.White and hulless.
plants from the Rine class.

plents from Dead Rine and Ripe classes.

107.

INDICATIONS FROM THE 1913 DATA.

1.These oats segregate in regard to ripeness.

2.These segregations teke place according to

3.The time between segregeations seems to be

ahout one week.
LO

4.With the exception of plats 3,105,and 106,a11
the plets are heterozygous in regerd to ripening.

5.It is possible by selection to get oats homo-
zygous in ripening and these may be of commercial im-
portance as well as of scientific interest.

6.Harliness or riveness is dominant over late-
ness.
1914,

Fron the ratios obtained in 1914,the chance of
obtaining the desired tynes in 1914 was determined math-
ematicaly.To he more certain of getting what was wanted
from three to five times the required number of plats
were planted.Material from different sources (accession)
numbers was grouped tégether because it was thot to
have similiar factors for ripening.

Accession 105 is a selection from ac.28 which is
S.?P.lenumher 21231.This came from China.

Accessions 106 and 107 ere selections from ac.29
which is S.P.i.number 21233.This also came from China.
| Accession 108 was obtained from the Rossman
Bros. , wake View, Itiohigan.

Accession 112 is the produost of a orose in 1911
of Chinese Rulless and Alexender.

Most of the oats were planted at East Lansing
by Profesor Spragg.A few plats were planted at Pullman,
Wn.In the letter oase the frctor of acclinitization

must be considered.
TABLE 9(HISTORY OF THE PATS).

Plat 1914 Plat 1913 Ac.no. Wanted Parent
1 5 112 4) 3D plus §
2 7 Da : tt v7

7 1? tv "

; ve A] . ve "
5 19 1? w 1

6 107 107 " "
7 19 1" A v?

8 " i) ve 1?

9 rt 7 r a
10 " rt a] rv
11 112 108 " "
12 Ww nt 9 rt
1 3 we A] Tv rt
14 A is) ve 19
15 rt La " |
16 1? rt ” v
17 a] " 1 1
18 1 1 ve 1
19 107 107 3D "
20 r 1" n 19
21 vt wt 1? 1
22 a n ve 1
2% 1 11 re "
24 112 108 n rn
25 " oF 1? | wv
26 19 re WW 19
29 1 ve rt "
22 v1 A) 1" tt
29 a’ 1685 2D 23
ZO A) 1? 0 "w
31 " wy i)
Z2 1 W 09 A
33 n 1 1? 1
Za 1? " Tt Tt
25 ve re " n
26 A vw? A] 1
2 7 v " n
28 +? A) we 9
39 re 1T rr ?
40 y r? 1" tv
4l r A re rt
42 rv 1 t? ve
43 f 1" " wv
44 rt 7 1 1
45 tr? v n ry
46 56 A) 19 19
47 vt re LA 1 |
48 "7 A] 1" A
49 1" 1T 19 19
TABLE 9(CONTINUED),

Plat 1914 Plat 1913 Ac.no. Wanted Parent
5] | 56 105 en 3D plus §
5 2 ve v? 9 uy
5 3 we La | 1? |
54 we a | L 4 | ve
55 63 " " D p¥us §
56 LA ) 7 17 |
5? 9 " re LA |
58 7 " " rt
59 t? ? we 8
60 1 1? vt re
61 ? vv A | Ls |
6 2 we 6 | ww "
6 3 v? vt 1? vv
64 47 " OD 28
65 v a ft 1"
6 6 we A vr ?
6 7 ve LD | 8 ] ve
6 8 ? wv vw Ww
69 re re ve rt
70 1? ve vu ba
71 v9 LA ve w
72 " 1? st _w
” 3 rt vv AY wv
” 4 ve 9 tt bY)
7 5 wt ba] ? rt
76 La) tT "1 w
7 7 Ls | " ve ve
78 ve 1? 9 19
79 a] a) rt ¥
80 19 1? 1 1?
8 LA | ve We ve
8Pe Ww a] Ww "
8 3 1 w wv bY
84 56 " 1D D plus s
85 1" 7 wv wt
86 wv vT wv i |
8 ” w | vt ih |
88 " 1 tT |
8 9 18 wv rt vv
90 Tt W 17 L ]
91 vt 9 TV ft
92 1 rt ca) it
93 nr rt ve we
94 20 " 2D plus § 2) plus 28
9 5 f ¥ ve wt
9 6 te Ww "9 rn
97 a | ve " wT
98 a] | tt vw
99 v v9 WW ve

9 w

100 " "
TABLE 9(CONTINUED).

Plat 1914 Plat 1913 Aa.no. Wanted Parent
101 20 105 2D plus S§ 2D plus 2S
102. Cs] rw 1 v
103 ve ve " v
104 79 ¥06 " 338
105 i) UT] 1! t
106 Tv " w tt
107 80 " " "
108 1 a] i) n
109 rt Ww LY 1
110 " Ww w W
111 " ? v n
112 r? rr 1? rT
113 : " n "
114 w " 1! "?
115 1" r? 7) 1"
116 rt r rr 1
117 " a) rT rn
118 7 "9 w
119 " rT 1" 1
120 94 106 " "
122 re rr w 1?
122 tv ve tv rv?
123 1? vt tt tt
124 1 " vn rr
125 ve " rn 7)
126 rw rt n "
127 rr a a) r"
128 rt rT vr nr
129 rt re 1 ve
120 17 105 Segregations 4S
131 17 1 " a
132 1 " vw 1?
133 id 1 ? "
134 " a) re Ma]
135 a) r? 1 A]
136 re tf rr? ba |
137 4 " " "
138 rn 1? 1" 1?
139 Ww 1 19 ww
140 " " " "
141 " " n "
142 " " " "
143 " " n
144 " " “ "
145 re ve re ?
146 " " an "
147 1" 1? Ww ve
‘148 ve rr " rt
149 tt re 1? r
150 1? w " 1
Plat 1914 Plat 1913

Plat no.

ODNIAM OWE

151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162

91
64

TABLE 9(CONTINUED).

17
tt
"
rv
"

a |
i

Ac .no.

106 Segregations
Y A]

33333329383

8

Wanted

TABLE 10.

Segregations and dates

7/23 7/25 7/27 7/29 7/31 8/3 8/5 8/7 8/10
55 89 43

1 3
63 821 0
72 70 #8619
67 9 4
40

62 29
49 62
56 29
50 42
49 55
160 0=«6ll
7
8
22

12

7339233 38

23:33

Parent

84

12
13

48
"
"
"
tt
"
1
"
n
"
tt
rt

41
53
52

14
Plat no.

TABLE 10(CONTINUED).

Segregations and dates

7/31 6/3 8/5 8/7 8/10 8/15 8/17 8/19 8/21
15 34 #50

42
LO8

35

13
47
75
350

62

B4
45
21
U5

17
63
LR

13
15

ll
59
41

LO
6”

20
393
16

16

15

13

LO

28
42

18
26

33

15

Total
Plat no.

125
126

28

TABLE 1LO(CONTINUED) .

Segregations and dates.
7/25 7/27 7/29 7/31 8/3 8/5 8/7 8/10 8/15

41
15

19

Ll

LO

Oy
no W/O

12
15

Li
13

3 .

37

Ll
1”

19

45

1”

17
LO

74
66
35
28

30

30
22

46

33

65 ill
61 23
45 53
56 «12
83 22
5
47 19
ll 4
37

14602
15 «iB
46

24 10
28 18
14.

23° 10
28 29
29 23

12

16

Total
17

TABLE 1O(CONTINUED).

Plat no. Segregations and dates. : Total
7/265 7/27 7/29 7/31 8/3 8/5 8/7 8/10 8/15
127 41 27 38 106
128 26 9 37
129 13° 22 928 63
130 24 45 14 7 90
131 50 88 30 22 190
132 9 63 54 28 154
133 26 24 63 31 31 4 179
134 20 40 25 85
135 33 49 27 12 121
136 23 36 5 15 79
137 31 29 32 8 100
138 3 40 7 2 52
139 40 17 0 oO 2 58
140 8 2 30 34 4 78
141 9 21 34 21 #5 90
142 1 O 33 17 10 61
143 6 85 34 12 87
144 9 14 21 4 48
145 6 9 12 6 32
146 17 14 31
147 4 3 22 20 3 52
148 13 11 10 34
149 15 10 25
150 14 7 21
151 1 2 3
152 18 68 O 6 92
153 9 17 8 38 35 9 2 101
154 14 56 41 38 5 154
155 20 15 12 17 6 70
156 8 21 63 24 11 2 119
157 1 9 20 27 14 5 76
158 6 43 32 6 87
159 1 19 23 5b WW 65
160 12 8 15 18 10 #5 68
161 7 #10 12 16 = «5 50
162 63 3 66

On August 10th there was a very heavy rain
which caused the oats to turn green again.This accounts
for the long period from the 10 to the 15th, during which

no oats rinened.
In the summer of 1914 the oats were watched

anrefully and gathered as fast es they ripened.Instead of the
18

expected one week segregations it was found thet they
fell naturally into two day segregations.Two conditions
tended to make the separation into classes more diffi-
cult than usual.(1)Some plats were badly amutted. (2) Heavy
rains toward the end of the ripening period caused the
oats to turn green again.FKvidently the harvesting was not
watched carefully enough in 1913 and in many ceases sever-
al segrecations must have been gathered as one.Consequent-
ly the selections made from these in order to obtein some
particular tyve,in most cases broke up into many segrega-
tions.Yet in several cases all the nlants in the plats ri-
pened at the same time,thus proving that they are homozy-
gous.[n general all the plats from the same varent plant

had similiar segregations.

TABLE ll.
Pleat number Segregations and dates rine.
7/23 7/25 7/27 7/29
L 55 91 43 3
2 91 63 21 0
4 64 67 9 4
210 2eL % mi
Total 511
Expected 27.0000 :27.0000 :9,0000 ¢ 1.0000

This is the ratio expected with three factors
and incomplete dominance.Considering the smell number of
individuals in this group the retio obtained is very
Glose to the expected ratio.Plat 5 from the same parent

plant proved homozygous in rinveness,
19

TABLE 12.

Plat number Segregations and dates rive
7/27 7/29 7/31
6 62 28 20
7 49 62 14
8 56 23 17
9 50 42 29
10 49 55 12
266 _— ell 92
Total 569
Ratio 7.4796 ° 5.9332 °2.5870
Expeoted 9.0000 : 6.0000 :1,0000
This is the retio expected with two factors in
partial dominance.Tlhese plats all came from the same par-

ent in 1913.The segregations are quite similiar.fnis ra-

tio is near enough to the expected to be possible when

the very small nugher of individuals is aonsidered.

TABLE 135.
Plat number Segregations and dates rine
7/29 7/31 8/3 Ratio approximately

12 7 136 O 1:18

13 8 144 7 ?

14 22 109 O 1: 5

15. 117 3 59: 1

16 120 Ll di: 1

17 106 7 15: 1

18 69 22 3: 1

24 —~6+2136 1 136; 1

25 219 7 S51: 1

A 128 9 14. 1

27 118 7 17; 1

28 93 14 6; 1

These niats all came from the same plat in 1913.

This was plat 112 end belongs to accession number 108.
The ratio in 1913 was 3:1,but this data shows that it
20

should have been much larger.These ratios show that ripe-
ness is dominant in all but two nlats.In vnlats 18 and 28
there is a 3:1 ratio and this indicates the presence of
one factor for rivening with dominance.Plats 16,17,26.

and 27 give retios which indicate the presence of two fac-
tors for rinening.Plats 15 and 25 give ratios of over 30:1.
These may indicate a still higher ratio,but I am inclined
to think that e few plants which belong to the lower class
have heen pleced in the higher class.Plat 24 gives a ratio
of 136:1.This may indicate a still higher ratio,with more
factors oresent,but I think this can be explained in the
same way as the 30:1 ratio just given above.This is quite
likaly a 63:1 ratio,or possibly enen a 15:1 ratio.Plats

12 and 14 of the same group give a reversed retio.Such a
ratio is found occassionly and has usually been noted as
reversed dominansce.Little explains this on the basis of
the presence of a different number of factors.In this

same group plats 11 and 13 break up into a large number
of segregations which do not resemble sny known ratios.
These two plats seem to indicate a conolete absence of
dominance.In some of the ratios from this group. there

ere indicetions of the presence of one,and in others the
presence of two factors for ripeness.The higher ratios
may possibly indicate the presence of more factors.These
ratios area comparable to those obtained hy East and

Hava in their work with color factors in acorn.
21

If we ecoept Little's explanation(Science Deo 18,
1914) ,we can explain the reversed dominance.But according
to his exnlanation we would have to grant,in such a retio
as 136:1,the presence of about 18 factors.This may be pos-
sible,but I prefer the explanation of this on the basis
of complete dominance in the nresence of a smaller number

of frotors.

TABLE 14,
Plat number Segregations and detes ripe
7/31 8/3
19 86 27
20 111 41
21 78. 16
22 119 , 59
| 304 143
Total 537
Ratio £29348 : 1.0652
Expected 1.0000 : 1.0000

Suoh a ratio as this is to be exnected in the
case of dominance in the presence of one fector.This is
really quite close to the expected ratio.These came from
the seme parent plant in 1913.All in the group segregated
in the seme way except plat 23 which hes three segrega-
tions.These mey belong to the two classes as the others
since the extra cless is very small compered to the
others.In this group there is a 4 day period instead of

28 in the other groups,
22

TABLE 15.
Plat number Segregetions and dates ripe
7/31 - 8/3
108 33 40
109 18 49
110 21 37
112 44 22
1I6 148
Total 264
Ratio 1 : 1.2
Exnected 1 : lel

In this group there is a reversed dominance.The
plats all came from the same prrent plant in 1913.The
exnected retio is that given by Little in the presence
of three fectors.The ratio obteined in this group is
really anite close to the expected es given by Little.

TABLE 16.
Plat number Segregations and drtes ripe
8/3 8/5 8/7
35 12 92 18
37 65 51 5
358 36 dl 1O
40 4 49 58
4) 356 126 40
42 90 65 15
43 40 37 26
44 26 75 35
45 50 110 17
39 107 115 16
76 4”? 33 15
78 30 ale 17
54a B21 250
Total 1615 ©
Ratio 5.3895 : 8.1357 : 2.9778

Exnected 4.0000 : 8.0000 : 4.0000
25

All the plants in this group came from the same
parent plant in 1913.The expected ratio given here is
the ratio that shonld ocour in the case of one factor
with entire ebsence of dominance. The same retio occured

in e& small grouv in the 1913 data.

TABLE 17.
Plat number Segregations and dates ripe
8/3 8/5 8/7
46 28 38 48
50 42 30 1?
51 108 82 4
53 35 | 21 10
e13 LJ. 15
Total 463
Ratio 7.3348 : 5.9000 : 267241
Expected 9.0000 : 6.0000 : 1.0000

This is the ratio thet should occur with two fac-
tors and incomplete dominance.These volats all came from
the seme narent plent in 1913.The ratio obteined is a
wide varintion from the expected ratio,but the small nun-
ber of individuals will pertly account for this.Plat 47
from the seme parent plant may be considered homozygous
as all the plants ripened on August 8th.

Plat 119,a selection from plat 80 in 1913,is
homozygous in rineners as all the plants ripened at the

same time end were gathered August 3d.
24

TABLE 18.
Other plats showing promising ratios

Plat number Segregetions Ratios
54 14 521 ~8614 > 321385
61 25 42 1.4154 2.5746
65 26 8 320590 ' 9410
77 75 25 3 0000 1.0000
80 50 22 2.7778 1.2222
86 61 23 29048 1.0952
93 61 15 4 e2l5 7895
100 91 45 220000 1.0000
101 26 89 ° 9300 320700

These plats are given merely es indicating
promising retios.They do show the two day segregations
end in e few cases the reversed dominance such &8 wes
noted in Table 13.

DATA AT DULUMAN, WASHINGTON.

These plats were harvested by Mr E.F.Gaines
while I was hervesting the nlats et East Lensing,Mich.
The oats were grown under exverinmental conditions in
the cereal nursery.As at Eest Lansing the oats were

wretched crrefully and gathered as fast as they ripened.

TABLE 19(HISTORY OF THE PLATS).

Plat 1914 Plat 1913 <Aca.no. Wanted Parent Clase
1 4 112 AD 2D plus SS D.Ripe
2 5 112 " " "
3 20 105 " " "
4 2 3 ? v? wf re
5 4” Ww 3D 38 I. Milk
6 ? ? A | ty ve?
7 56 " wv 11 7
8 ? rv vv 7? ?
TABLE LO(CONTINUED).

Plat 1914 Plat 1915 Aa.no. Wanted

9
LO
Li
12
13
14
L5
16

Plat no.

63 105 eD
80 106 3D
? v9 vv

85 " 4D
94 " 5D
i | vf wv
107 107 4D
112 108 "

TABLE 20.

Segregations end dates

256

Parent

Class
1D nlus S' I.Milk
38 Ripe
ve vt

D vlus 38S D.Rivce
os Rine
WW LY

SD plus § D.Ripe
" ?

8/1 8/3 8/5 8/7 8/9 8/13 8/20 Total Composition

B80
60

14 67 115
33 171
60
75
110
6
65
1
4
79 30
80
101
11 79
95

80 Homozygous
60 "

196 Heterorygcr:
254 "
60 Homozygous
75 7
110 "
6 We
| 65 1

& Heterozygous
9 4 vf
109 "

80 Homozygous
LO1 "
90 Heterozygous
95 Homozyfous

NISCUSSION OF RESULTS AT EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN.

The presence of numerous segregations which were

not noted in 1914 nrevented the results from heing what

wes axpected.Instead of segregations one week fepart as

in 1913,in practically all the plats which were not homo-

gvgous there were two dry segregetions.This data with a

few exceptions shows that ripeness is dominant,but that

the dominance is incomplete.In the 1914 plats from plat
26

L112 in 191%,the ratios indicate that in this group at
lerst,there are two factors and one Prctor present.Oof
the plats in 1914,plat no.5 is possibly homozygous,
while 47 and 119 ere homozygous as ell the olants ri-
oened at the same time.

As in 1913 pnlets from the seme parent plant seg-
regated in much the same weyv.Those having similiar segre-
cations were grouned and the ratios deternined.But in
groups heving meny segregetions the totel number of indi-
viduals is so small thet the results do not eVen approx-
imete Mendelian ratios.In such cases the grouping is o-
mitted, becenuse with the smakl number of individuals the
misnlecing of one or two plants would cruse p wide vari-
ation in the ratio.

The summer was unusually dry at Lansing.The soil
which is 9 sandy loam dried out very repidly.So it is
possible thet some of the oats may simply heve died and
not rinened.All we can do is to assume that all the oats
were affected in the same wav.Yet,on Aug.lOth a heavy
rain fell rnd this caused the unhervested oats to turn
greene

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AT PULUMAN, WN.

The soil used was a heavy loam,formed of decon-
posed volcanic rock.This soil holds water very well.The
oats received no rain from the time they were plented

until they were harvested.The oats were nianted leter
27

than et Lansing and the cool nights which are character-
istic of the region tended to make the harvesting later.
As at East Lansing the oats were carefully watch-
ed and harvested in the same way.In the plats that segre-
gated two dey neriods were found.Yet in the pnlets which
proved to be homozygous in rineness we find periods of

ahout one week between the dates of rinening.

Plat number Supposed to be Date ripe Homozygous
1 Deed Ripe — B/1 "
2 LO ve A ]

12 " 8 / 3 1"
5 In Milk 8/13 "
6 A | | we v?
” i) 8/20 rt
8 La} r 9
9 " " re rt

13 Ripe 8/13 "

1 4 1" A tt

Considering the Dead Rive on 8/1,the Ripe shoulda
be about 8/8,the In Milk about 8/15,and the Just Heading
about 8/22,according to the segregation periods found in
the 1913 date.If these are the approximate devs on which
the groups should rinen,no Ripe cléss wes found.It is en-
tirely possible that the plants put in the Ripe cless and
selected for visnting in 1914 should have been thrown into
the In Milk oleae. The results in the 1914 date bear out
this supposition.Two of the plate(5 and 6)In Milk, proved
homozvgons and ripened Aug.135th.,two days early in com-
parison with the Pead.Ripe.The other plet supposed to be
in the Milk ripened Aug.20th.This was also & days early
compared to the Dead Ripe.It is inite evident here that
28

the last plats should have heen nlaced in the Just
Heading cless of 1913.

What vart the factor of acclimitization plays
here we have no way of determining.Some claim that it
tekes © nleant three yerrs to rereah an equilibrium
efter being teken to a new Climate.Yet it seems to me
that all the osts in the experiment probably were af-
.fected in the same way.At eny rate it is significent
that two dev segregations were obtained in two places
so far anart and under different conditios.

CONCLUSIONS.

1.These oats, with the exception of sccession
112,are natural crosses.

2.All of these oats segregate in regard to
rineness. |

3eThe period between these segregations is 2
davs.(This wes found in two »oleces 2500 miles apert.)

4.The segregetions are according to Mendelian
retios.

5.Factors for ripeness ere present.The number
in the different oats mey vary,but in the progeny of
the plats from sccession 11¢,the data shows the pres-
ence of one factor in some cases,and two in others.
the ratios obtrined in this case sre comparable with

obtained by East and Hays in their study of color
factorra in corn.

6.Ripeness is dominant over lateness.In most
ceses the donineance is incomplete,but in the progeny
of accession 112,the ratios indicete comolete domi-
nance.

7.It is possible by selection to isolate
types which ripen at different times.(From the 1913
date types ware obtained which ripened on 5 or 4
detes shout one week roart.)The 1914 data indicates
thet an elmost unlimited number of types mey he ob-
teined from this meterial. —
~8.These tyoes when isolated will be of com-

mereisl importance in a stete which hes suoh © ver-

ipation in the length of growing season as Michigan.
30

BIBUILIOGRA PHY.
East EM. and Hays,H.X.

"tnheritance in maiz3"

Conn.Bul.167.
Castle W.D.
"Heredity"
Jameson Tt.

"Natural cross fertilizetion of oats and change
of seed"

Proc.Agr.Research Association(Scotland )
Kirshe,Ae
¥."Growing and breeding oats."
Deut. Landw. Presse ,26(1899)n...6, pp45-46.
2."Methods of plant hreeding."
Neut.Landw, -resse 29(1902)no.3, ppl8-19.
5."Breeding orts resistant to lodging."
Jllustrated Landw.Zte.24(1904)no.20,p217.
Karup,AeV.

"Some investigations of the transmission and ver-
fability in oats with special reference to the possibil-
ity of isolating types high in fat adepted to the manu-
facture of shelled oats."

(Copenhegen) Aug. Bang. ,1902,p70.
dl

Tittle ,c.c.
"A possible Mendelian explaination for a type of

inheritance apvarently non-lMenéelian."
Science, December 18,1914,p0 905.

Norton,J.). |

"Improvement in oats by breeding".

(Copenhagen) Aug. Bang. ,1903,p 70.

Nilsson;Ehle,HdH.

1."Variation in oat hybrids",
Nature 69(1904)n0.1792,p 413.
2e"Cases of snontaneous disappearance of unit

characters in oats".

Zeacht. Inductive Abatan.in Verbunglehre
5(1911),no.l.
3."Hybridization investigetibns in oats and wheat",
Lunds.Univ.Arssk. ,u.eser.Sect.2,5(1905) no.2.
4."A noticeable color factor as an inhibiting fac-

tor in awn develooment",.

Zeoht.inductive Abstan.u Verbunglehre ,12(1914),
noel.
Wilson,J.H.
"Variations in oats hybrids",

Nature 69(1904) no.1792,p 413.
 

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