, eo Location and Estimate of Cost Mee AC enue BER EAY Between M, A. C, and Haslett H.D.SEVFRANOR A,D. PETERS teak AKERS, THESIS LAAT 3 1293 50026 1577 SUPPLEMENTA MATERIAL IN BACK OF BOOK PLACE IN RETURN BOX to remove this checkout from your record. TO AVOID FINES return on or before date due. MAY BE RECALLED with earlier due date if requested. DATE DUE DATE DUE DATE DUE V2.4), 6/07 p:/CIRC/DateDue.indd-p.1 THESIS. LOCATION AND ESTIMATE CF COS1 of ELECTRIC RAILWAY between Me. Ae Cw. and HASLETT Fé A” uo of a | ‘s a ‘ - H. e ceverance. A. D. Peters. ene, 4 4 1908. TREwIS struction of or. area, itself inte ivo oD sound, Ly} tLv@SN ihe ae ry throu Golle. 2 Lee tion line wv. ws a ? 7] Vo cont ve a ~ ab r, od C3 imuin,, b Perke it em cou sbach: of Che re, bedls; 2) 8Gonmorie Gliey creetion, wut also c st)on of loe tion tre neacess fLiret, seloctic oi - 4 ~~ a “a) i3 G i- bY st 1 ta be aeceoti ths hs € 4 Yee ee db 2 lias 19 t :¢ (iso * qQ Caponsiuse sinekes Oe KP op Lap OL tre teorvatery POR yg we UeGjucu ty uo eet, o thea cast an. Went read oo ¢ o:S ¢ & lu, toe Ck ou Gaat sc'oc] «.ouse of district $250 Oelw ok 4103766 Ours LG a? » C locetion of \ . OMe 5 oohupadly a ProLur ind Sue: t , ae L aa Liac%sea inivaeld ca. w2ivice: route re es wid a SEN Bint B00 BIN -2- and 9 and 16 until we should approach to within about 500 ft. of the G. IT. R. Ro: at this point deflecting to the left and running parallel to the G. T. tracks until reaching Haslett Park. Equipping ourselves with an Aneroid, a Feaometer, and a rough map of the territory, we walked over the line. This route, however, proved very unsatisfactory; first, be- Cause it would necessitate excessive graces, which would make opereting and iritial cost larger; second, because it crossed thiee swamps, one of which was about 100 rods across. (These swaupy spots form a very unstable road-bed, since they are mere deposites of organic matter over glacial lakes. This crust has broken through in several places thereby causing considerable expense and trouble to the C. & G Te R.~ Re) The advantages of this route were: di- Ord rectness, ease with which the right of way could be ob- tained. we then thoucht that by deflacting to the right from some point on the section line west oi the school nouse of disirict no. 8, the hills and swamps could be -3- avoided. After passing around to the right of the "sink holes" and hiils, we returned to the section line between sectiona 9 and 16, striking the line near the quarter post. Thence we ran along the section line to the North and South road which is between sections 15 and 16, thence straight across the country to Haslett Park. This route seemed much better than the first because the largest and lowest swamp was avoided and grades were much easier. The latter part, however, in which we crossed from the road to Hasleti was not so favorable as the corresponding part of the first route; being intercepted by steep graces and swampy land. by joining these two routes and shortening the distance by runnirg east from the north end of College Grove instead of going to the section line, we had what we thought to be the most econonical route. _ ==BRELIMINARY LINE. Since the line was definitely fixed as far as the intersection of Elizabeth St. and M. A. GC. Avee in College Grove, we took as a point of beginning of a pre- _q- tsiminary line the intersection of the centers of the above Streets. (Assuming Elizabeth St. to be 4 rods wide.) From this point, we ran due east through the forest following the second plan of the route to Haslett, making corrections as the work progressed. (See preliminary map and profile). As stated before, one of the principal difficul- ties was the unstable character of the soil. Although we avoided marshy pezt beas as much as possible, it was in- pessible to avoid them entirely. The only places where the ground seemed uncertain were betreen Stas. !10and 120, l4G and 150, and 180 to 200, but judging from the size of the trees and the soil clinging to the roots o1 o‘er- turned stubs, we concluded the crust. 66 be amply thick to sustain an electric line. The steepest grades were tetween stations 80 & !0OC and 200 & £05. The former being caused by a range of hills running north ard south for a considerable distance ard hence unavoidable. ihe latter could have been reduced some by entering Haslett by a more westeri) point. If this had C been done, it wouia hate made the line considerabl;, long- er or it would have passed over se‘eral hills of nearly as steep grades as the one we wished to aioild. ~1QPOCRAPHY « Kailroad. topography consists in securing full data tor mapping contour lines, Lroperty lines, roads, etc. the width of territory io be embraced ‘aries with the char- aciver of. the country and choice of the preliminary lire. The party consisted of two men, levelman and rod- mane No peculiarities presenied themselves in this work, except that we omitted the contour work where the ground adjacent to the line was practically level. (See prelimin- ary map.) _ --PAPER LOCATION. _ After ha\ing completed the mapping of the pre- liminary line and contours, we were ready to make the paper location. This problem of paper location is a complicated one. For the best road as regards construction may be a -6- failure because of ex¢essive initial cost;whkile the cheap- est construction may entail such heavy operating expenses that it may be equelly unprofitable. The alignment must be as free from curves as possible, while heavy grades are at the same time excluded; these two requirements conflict, to a marked degree, in our problem. But we adjusted them as far as possible. The paper Jocation was drawn in red ink, all angles measured, and curves best adapted to the con- ditions were drawn. (See map.) , ALQCRS LON. The point of beginning of the location line was in the cen- ter of the M. A. C. ard Lansing St. R. KR. referenced as per Map. From this point, the line runs southeast on the Lan- Sing and Howell road, (center of track to be 235 tt. to the right of the center of this road) until it reaches a point Opposite the center of "Summit Place’. Fror this point we deflected to the left, passing up the center of the above street, tnence across lot no. 29, thence to the leit again as we reach the center of M. A. C. Avee running to the -7- point of beginning of the preliminary line. From this poin:, we followed as closely as possible the paper lccaticn. (See location lire map). ~CROSS 2ECTIONING._ On account of the fact that our stakes were pul- led if left over night, it was found impossible to take cross section notes. But since there was little side hill work, the error in our estimate from this source is neces- sarily small. the final estimate included earthwork, clearing, track, fencing, overhead wire, etc. karthwork: We figured on a 14 ft. base for fills, and an 16 ft. base for cus, thus allowing for 2 ft. ditches. We assumed the ground to be level in direction transverse to the line, hence if h equals the height to be filled, or depth to be cut at any station, and A ecaual the area of cross section at that station, amd b equal to the base, ( lt'ror cuts and 14" for fills) then A - h(h+b). ery Ovi -&- The number of cubic yards to be excavated or tilled vetween two stations, was taken from table kX, Nagle's rield Man- ua], using the mean area as argument. We assumed 500 ft. free haul, but for every cubic yard hauled over 50U ft., it would cost 1.c¢ for every 10U ft. or fraction thereof. Figuring cost or: Excavation - - - - - - - © 30.20 per cueyd. Borrowed embankmert - - ¢€ 80.20 per cu-yd. we round that it would be economical to overhaul i400 ft. M. Ae Co. & He. E. Re R- Length of line = 24900 ft. = 4.79 mi. Graduation measure price quantity i. Earth exc 'tion cu. ydse sC.20 - 9691.0 2. Earth emb. borrowed mM" 20 I1CG7U).5 S. Earth overhauled CueydeStase 05 Z10.4 " " " " ~052 490 of " " " " 046 1217.5 Total amount. «1958.20 2140.26 Graduation Earth work overhauled 4. Clearing Brigges, Gulverts, ete. Cast iron for ctlverts Plank for road crossings Cattle guards ‘Track Ties Rails(60# per yd.) Spikes Joints Track laying and suriacing Ballast measure price Cue ydsestasO0.01b& A] acres _tons M ft. each each tons miles " 0.C2 Co 40 .00 SU .0U 25.00 18.00 5C .GO 150.00 000 .CO 400 .O0O 12.00 quantity amount 167.2 $11.36 751.1 16.52 Lb B60 .CO 19.7 5S1.00 1.3 $2.50 4.0 72.0 12646 .O 6523.00 451.10 12966.0C 4.79 718.50 4.79 1457.00 4.79 1716.00 “79 57.46 -1C- graduation measure price quantity amount i iscellaneous Fencing mile $<60.CO 5-765 &£1687.50 Right of way acres 150.C0 96 .C 14420 .00 Overhead wire (2, CC) lbs. C.2C 15.3235 5064.60 Trolley poles each 2.50 1536.0 _.$840.00__ 6 €11235.50 Engineering percent cS ~-~-£94E <0 Total ------ 655679 .50 100, 7FS-— ZO000 & SC. o