] MI i | | do || roo | WM -D KI THESIS DESIGN OF A HOT WATER SYSTEM AD ABBOT WALL J.B. DINMICK. 1855 a 8 PLACE IN RETURN BOX to remove this checkout from your record. TO AVOID FINES return on or before date due. MAY BE RECALLED with earlier due date if requested. DATE DUE DATE DUE DATE DUE AUG 2 7 2009 VGUT ea 2/05 p:/CIRC/DateDue. indd-p. 1 THESIS. DESIGN OF A HOT WATER SYSTEM. FOR ABBOT HALL. J. Be Distuick. THESIS vr THESIS. DESIGN OF A HOT WATER SYSTEM -: FOR :- ABBOT HAL. ‘Before giving a description of the system which I have designed for Abbot Hall, it may be well to criticise ina somewhat hasty and general way the system now in use there. That it does not give satisfaction is a well known fact, but the question remians"what is the matter?" There is, in the system now used, a grate area of about ten square feet, and a chimney area of about 160 square inches, both of which are large enough for the plant The number of square feet of heating surface I was unable to find, but the fact that the water can be Kept boiling and circulating in different parts or the system without mich extra firing seems to denote clearly that there is not a large deficiency in heating surface, if any at all. One objection to the system, and the principle one, is the system of piping. The pipes are all large enough, but there is too great a length of pipe, besides too many T's and elbows to obstruct the flow of water. Then pipes of tne game size have a diflerent number of square feet of radi- 95493 (2) ating surface attached. So that, as the water has a ten- dency to go where there is the least resistance to its flow, those lines with fewer square fcet of radiating surface on, get hottcr and better circulation. In tnis case tne tires vwnieh nave the greatest load of radiating surface are those which furnish the west half of the building with watcr. So we see that those rooms which are subjected to the prevailing winds of winter, vize North Vest, are the ones in which the circulation is poor. The unequal loades placed on the piztes of the same size prob- ably accounts for the fact that the radiators in rooms 142, 144, 146, 148, 150 and 152 all nave a fair circulation. They form what might be called short circuit lines. Those radiators in wnich water wiit boll arc on these lines. The boilin;; of water in the system is bad, as it tends to fill the radiators with air and tnen stops the circulation. The whole system lacks vertical height, and as vertical height determines power, vie see tnat this is another reason why there is not cood circula‘ion. en en eo oe (3) The halis are not heated and arc op .n to the weather most or the time, conscquently rooms that have enough heat- in: surface to heat tne room with the amount of real out- sidc wall, have not enough to heat the room when the circu- lation is poor and when the room has practicably one or two more outside walls as the case ‘iay bee For I think tnat there is very little differexce in the temperature of the halis and that cut doors. rf course the halls are usually protected from the wind. In Table I, I have prepared a comparison of the radi- ating surface now in the rooms, and that which should be in to properly heat the rooms when the halls are not heated and the circulation is sood. In figurines the number of square feet of radiating sur face, I used Mills formula, which is,- G plus QW plus e 20 CC G. equals squarc fcet or glass,O. W. equelis outside ~ g00 wall and C. C. equals cubic contcnts of room. in riguring the number of square fect radiating surface now in rooms, I figured all pipes not covered as radiating surface. (4) I thank that a person can casily sec by a glance at Table I, why rooms 135, 137, 147 and 149 are reported as very cold. It is also clear that the circulation is poor in most parts of the bullding, from the fact that only those rooms that have a large excess of radiating surface, or “hose which are on the short circuit lincs and have some excess of radiating surface, are revorted as comfortable. looms in which the circulation is poor cnd which are reported as " quite warm " are 133, 154 1/2, 159 and 145. It will be seer. in fable I that thnése rooms have a very large excess of radiating surface. Propably the reason that 146 is reported as most too warm is that it is on a short circuit line and also has a large excess of radiating surface. ee ~ (5) TABLE I. BALES OT UnATED. ROOM G. O. W. Cc. Cc. OLD SYS. NEW SYS. 130 41 388 2112 48 t 50.5 131 | 41 | 388 2112 | 48 ' 50.5 132 22 262 : 2112 | 32 t 34.5 ; 133 | 22 262 || 2112 } 48 1 634.5 134 ' 220 CO 262 |‘ 2510 |. 32 38.5 tf 2 134 1/2 28 427 2112 +, «100 46 135 22 4277 2310 32 ) 43.5 136 220 262 2112 32 : 54.5 137 22 | 427 2112 32 43.5 138 220 262 2112 ~=C, 32 34.5 139 220 262 2112 | 48 34.5 140 41 588 0 2112 48 50.5 141 | 41 $88 2112 | 48 50.5 142 410 559 | 1920 54.5 48. 143 "41 | 359 | «19200, B45 48 144 | 22 237 | 2220— 38.5 32.5 145 22 237 | 2220 54.5 32.5 ' ? . : —_ -= —~- —- =-2_ = —_ . (6) TABLE I._ CONTINUED. ( D. B equals Dintins Room. ) ow eo o— ny - ~~ — ~ ~— —~ —_~ ROOM G. O.v. C. C. OLD 3YS. NEW SYS. ' : § ’ ! 146 22 ' 295 | 2220 ' 54.5 | 41.5 ; ' 147 22 ' 293 : 2220 ' 38.5 | 41.5 ; ; 148 | 22 : 293 | 2220 ' 38.5 | 36.5 149 | 22 | 295° | BB20 38.8 36.5 150 ' 92 ' 238 ‘ 1920 ' 38.5 | 32.5 : 151 ) 22 «2' 238 — 1920 | 54.65 82.5 152 41 359’ = 1920 54.5 48.3 153 4l 359 |‘ 1920 ' 54.5 48. DR. | 114 306 = ' 9100 ' 200. 200. ‘++ --— o+--------— 4 --~——-- - _ -—-—----—— Q------ (7) In the column marked"old system", is given the number of squers feet of radiating surface now in room; and in the one marked "New system," is given the amount that should be in the different rooms. In short I think there is not any small deficiencies here and there in the system that can be remidied so as to , make a good system out of it. The whole system orf piping is wrong, I think, and the only way to do, to have a system that wiil give satisfaction to all is to tear the old pipes out and repipe the vwnole puiiding. The designing of a new system for the heating of Abbot Hall with hot water is the purpose of this thesis. Aftcr consulting sevcral bcoks on hot water heating, written by diflcrent authors, I have come to the conclusion that the one pipe overhead closed tank system, as put for- ward by -r. ‘“‘iiis in his book on warming end ventilation of buildings, is the most economical and efricient of any system of hot water heating before the public to-day. A few advantages, as given by Mills, that this system has over other systems are:- (3) lst. Water can be heated hotter in a closed tank system, thus giving beticr circulation, as water will cir- culate better when cooled from high tcmveratures, than from low ones. end. Th: friction is reduced considerable without reducing the efriciency of the radiating surface. ord. We get the greatest possible vertical height, thus inercasing the power, vhich causes circulation, as the longer gravity acts on the cold water the faster it will circulate. 4th. Ix steam shculid form or air get into the system, it will not stop the circulation, as is sometimes the case with oren tank system, but only lightens the bulk of water in the supply pipes and thus hastens the circulation. 5th. The cost of piping a building is less, as fewer and smaller pipes are nceded. There are other advantages; bust the principle advan- tage it has over other systems, is thet it is practicable and -lives good satisfaction wherever the system is used cnd is designed ;roperly. It is not dangerous, as supposed by (9) some people, if used with a properly designed safty valve. The system, as shnovn in the plans, is not dravm to scale, nor are the pipes she-n in their exact position. They are placed nearly in their proper positions, except that they are not ylaced as near the walls as they would be if the system were to be fut in the bullding it was desi- ened for. Pipes would not run across the closets a foot or two from walls as shown in vlans, but would be cloge to the walls and thus not be a source of inconvenicnce, nor would. we have to use elbows in connecting the sup,ly pipes with the radiators in order to have tne radiator near the wall. The system consists, Cirst, of a vertical supcly pipe from the bciler to the attic, connecting Vith two general surprly pipes, one on each side of attic, as snown in the attic plan. Thesc two supply lines are tapped at tne place marked "T down to B," and these fives furnish water to the respective radiators. For Bx. I, ( see plans of first and second floors.) furnishes water for the radiators in rooms 140, 138, 150 and 152, and 4 furnishes 134 and 146, etc., throughout the hall. From these pipes and radiators the water passes dovn to the basement and is collected into one of the two general return pipes, and thence to the boiler to be heatcd again. ( lo ) It will be noted by exemination of the pipes in the attic and cellar plans, that the water which passes up the vertical sup. ly has ap. roximately tne same distance to travel before reaching the bcriler again, thus not giving nay one easiest way ror the water to circulate. ‘nis is not strictly truc of the water vassing through the dining room radiators, but I do not think that the small difrfer- ence there would seriously effect the system. I have not arranged for heatins the servants room, as it is not fit for anything except a store-toom, which it is now used ror, and therefore needs no heating. We have first to decide upox tne size and make of the boiler to be uscd. To do this we have to calculate the num- ber or square fcet cof radiating surface necessary to heat the entire building. In Table II. you will find the exact amount of radiating surface required to heat each room. This is not exactly the amount put in, as will be seen lator on. The amount put in is in each case a litvle more than ccmputed, so that we may be sure of the rcoms being Warm erncugn on all occasions. (11) On comparing the number of square fect ror radia:iing surface for Ne. System in tables I and II., it will be Found that it takes considerable less radiating surface to neat the building with the halls warmed than without being varmed, therefore put spring:: on ail outside doors and heat the halis. TABLE Il. -~: HALLS H@ATED.:- Room. G. 0. W: C. Ce OLD SYS. NEW SYS ‘ ' ' ’ ' 130 38 ' 259 ' p12 ! 48 ' 42.5 131 38 ' 259 ' g112 ! 48 ' 42.5 132 19 ' 132 ' g1i2 ! 32 ' 26.5 133 19 ' 132 ' g11e ' 48 ' 26.5 134 19 ' 132 ' g310 ' 32 ' 27.5 134 1/2 | 25 ' 296 2112 ‘ 100 38. 135 : 19 ' @13s2 ' 2310 ° 32 ° 27.5 136 | 19 ' 1832 2112 ° #432 +(‘'‘° 26.5 137 | 19 132 2310 ' 32 " 27.5 138 | 19 ' 132 2112 52 ' 26.5 139 | 19 ‘ 182 2112 «| 48 26.5 140 | 38 ' B59 2112 48 42.5 141 38 ‘ 359 2112 48 42.5 142 | 38 ' 232 1920 54.5 40. 143 383 ' 232 1920 54.5 ' 40. 144 19 | 120 1920 38.5 25. 145 | 19 120 1920 54.5 256 (12) ABLE CONTIN Room. G. O. We C. Ce OLD SYS. NE SYS. . , 4c 0 ' (19 252 ' 220 ' BAB ' BBs 147 + «619 0 ' «120! «Bez0 0! «88.5! GLE 148’ 6190 0 ' «be | aRzO 88.5 8S. 149° ' «19 ' 120 ' 2220 | 38.5 | 26.5 150’ 19 * «120 1920 «88.50 BL 151 ' 19 ' 120 | 1920 54.5 ' 25. 1s2 | 88 232 ‘+ 1920 54.5 40. 153 88 as2- 1920 54.5 '° 40. D. Re 114° 306 =’ «9100-200. | 200. HALLS ‘ 81 ' 180 16200 None. "152. error 000----- == We »-ill use the Union Radiator, which is a vertical one and manufactured by The H. B. Smith Co. number of square feet of radiating surface wiil be shown in the folioving table:- The size and TABLE IIL. (13) Rooms. ‘Height’ Nc. Rad. 'No. sq. ft. Yo. sections t ‘of Rad! cach rocm'Rad. surface.’ in Rad. ? q t t 130, 151, 140,141. 33 1 each. 44 each. ll 140,143,152,;153,134%29 1 42 (0 12 146 and 148. 33 1 3 36. ~=C«#Y 9 152, 155, 134, 155. 156, 157, 138, 139. 144,145,147,149,150,- 151. 55 1 each 28 each. q Dining Room 335 a " 100 i" 25 Halls, 33 4 24 #0 @ = 3S 1 52 ~=«i~l 13 exhe Total number of square fect of Radiating surface equals 1200. The total sum of Radiator surfacc put in hall is consider- able morethan given in table II. but I do not think it any too large as the doors would be ovened and shut so often. The total numoor of square feet of radiator surface in the puilding is 1200. There will be such a small amount of pipes that are not covered, that we will consider the above amount (14) as the amount of radiating surface. The supply and rovurn mains will be covered. To heat this number cf square fcet of radiating sur- face we will use a eight section, No. 4 1/2 Mills Safty Boiler, with a heating surface of 238 square fect, and a capceity to surcly 1426 square fcet of radiation. For vertical main use three inch pipe. The expansion tank and furnace will be placed as shown in the plans of the cellar and attic. The tanks should be designed to hold about 5.5 cubic feet and arranged with a safty valve which will blow off at abcut thirty or thirty-five pounds per square ineh absolute pressure. The probable cost of this system wili be seen below. 1-7 section, Mills Safty boiler. - = - § 425.00 52 Union Radiators, - - - - = 277250 Pipes - - = - = - - 105.00 I Expansion Tank, - - - - - 10.00 I Safty valve - - = - ~ - 5.00 T's and elbows ete. - - - - _ 25.00 Yorward. - - - - - - - 847.50 OB a (15) Forward. - - - - = ~ - §¢$ 847.50 Cost of piping, = - = - - = 155.00 " * eovering pipes - - - - - 35.00 Total cost - - - - - - - $1037.50 In conclusion I may says; that it is evident, that if Abbot hall is to bc kept in a condition, as to heat; tnat will suit all of its occupants, the system now used, must be discarded and a new one put in; and I see no reason why a system, similar to the ine designed in this article, would not give satisfaction and +e more economicals; in the long run, than to keep trying to do the work with the old system. (a e — See eee a - P Pt se y hl Fl " y a a pa 2. TOE RL. = ok p2* Td 14 aa A N a 0 ae 1 ) ' | 6 14.4. 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