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!55.78%
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!40.74%
!95.51%
!88.57%
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!1.48%
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!1.19%
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!!"#$%&%'()*+%,%&%(0
)0C<^BJH!('71,(!G?J@DIBI!>!M>CGBH;!<O!A?<X@BILB!>?I!>EG@GH;!HB=H=!G?!HKB!Y[aS!E>=B@G?B!
>==B==FB?HV!)?!HKG=!=HDI;9!>!@G=H!<O!0(!HB=H=!XKGJK!J<D?H!>=!>EG@GH;!HB=H=!X>=!OGC=H!>==BFE@BI!>?I!
=DE^BJHBI!H<!N>C>@@B@!>?>@;=G=!H<!CBMB>@!HK>H!>!c
2O>JH<
C!1*'!=<@DHG<?!X>=!EB=HV!-<XBMBC9!=<FB!
=J>@B=!J<?=HCDJHBI!OC<F!HKG=!c
2O>JH<C!1*'!K>I!G?>IBPD>HB!+C<?E>JK!
(!CB@G>EG@GHGB=5!4BF<C;!y!
Vfa9!4>HK!y!Vff9!0BCJBNHD>@!&NBBI!y!Vaa9!3BCE>@!y!Vbe9!&N>HG>@!y!VbbV
!/GMB?!HKB!G?>IBPD>J;!<O!>?!1*'!=<@DHG<?9!">G!BH!>@V!URSS[W!JCB>HBI!4>HKBF>HGJ=9!3BCE>@9!
>?I!&N>HG>@!>EG@GH;!J<FN<=GHB=!OC<F!HKB!0(!I>H>V!(KB!NCB=B?H!=HDI;!EDG@H!<?!HK>H!X<CA!H<!JCB>HB!
!f\!J<FN<=GHB=!O<C!HKB!NC<N<=BI!>?>@;=B=!U=BB!(>E@B!RWV!(<!NCBMB?H!G?IGMGID>
@!=J>@B=!OC<F!EBG?L!
<MBCBFNK>=GgBI9!B>JK!=J<CB!X>=!IGMGIBI!E;!HKB!=J>@B!F>TGFDF!UGVBV9!J<?MBCHBI!H<!NC<N<CHG<?!<O!
H<H>@!N<==GE@B!J<CCBJHW9!>?I!HKB?!D?GH!XBGLKH=!XBCB!D=BI!H<!J<?=HCDJH!B>JK!J<FN<=GHB!>=!I<?B!E;!
&D!URSYRW!>?I!:>FG>?!BH!>@V!URSYcWV!*G?>@@;9!H
KB=B!J<FN<=GHB=!XBCB!B>JK!=H>?I>CIGgBIV!(KB!
(!CB@G>EG@GHGB=!XBCB!4>HKBF>HGJ=!y!V\b9!3BCE>@!y!V\c9!>?I!&N>HG>@!y!V\SV
!9'C(,)E
!:1(S#,)9JTUBVJ9T=+/+);9J#*)*9O*#$9+'9)4+*9-)6$;
9Composite
!Scale
!# of items
!Description
!Math
!Mathematics 
Information
!23!Knowledge of math definitions and notation.
!!Arithmetic 
Reasoning
!16!Reasoning ability needed to solve basic arithmetic 
items.
!!Introductory 
Mathematics
!24!All forms of math knowledge taught through the 9th 
grade.
!!Advanced 
Mathematics
!14!Algebra, plane and solid geometry, probability, logic, 
logarithms, and basic calculus.
!Verbal
!Vocabulary
!30!General knowledge of words.
!!English 
Composite
!113!Capitalization, punctuation, spelling, usage, and 
effective expression.
!!Reading 
Comprehension
!48!Comprehension of written text covering a broad range 
of topics.
!Spatial
!3D Spatial 
Visualization
!16!Visualize two
-dimensional figures after they had been 
folded into three
-dimensional figures.
!!2D Spatial 
Visualization
!24!Visualize 
two
-dimensional figures when they were 
rotated or flipped in a plane.
!!Mechanical 
Reasoning
!20!Deduce relationships between gears, pulleys, and 
springs as well as knowledge of the effects of basic 
physical forces, such as gravity.
!!Abstract 
Reasoning
!15!Nonverbal measure of finding logical relationships in 
sophisticated figure patterns.
!).(/0"$1,%&-
)(<!>==B==!NBC=<?>@GH;9!N>CHGJGN>?H=!XBCB!>=ABI!H<!G?IGJ>HB!K<X!XB@@!M>CG<D=!=B?HB?JB=!
IB=JCGEBI!HKBF!UIB=JCGNHG<?=!<O!B>JK!IGFB?=G<?!@G=HBI!G?!(>E@B!eWV!&NBJGOGJ>@@;9!HKB!G?=HCDJHG<?=!
!f[!XBCB!h$BL>CIG?L!HKB!HKG?L=!)!I<!>?I!HKB!X>;!)!I<!HKBF9!HKG=!=H>HBFB?H!IB
=JCGEB=!FB!'W!BTHCBFB@;!
XB@@!6W!PDGHB!XB@@!+W!O>GC@;!XB@@!:W!=@GLKH@;!1W!?<H!MBC;!XB@@iV!0C<^BJH!('71,(!<?@;!G?J@DIB=!
GHBF2@BMB@!NBC=<?>@GH;!I>H>!O<C!fp!<O!HKB!H<H>@!=>FN@BV!6BJ>D=B!@GFGHG?L!>?>@;=B=!H<!HKG=!=F>@@!
=DE=>FN@B!X<D@I!IBJCB>=B!N<XBC9!NBC=<?>@GH
;!>?>@;=B=!XBCB!J<?IDJHBI!D=G?L!HKB!=J>@B!=J<CB=!O<C!
HKB!O>JH<C=!=K<X?!G?!(>E@B!eV
!(<!EBHHBC!>NNC<TGF>HB!HKB!**4!O>JH<C=9!0<ggBE<?!BH!>@V!URSYeW!JCB>HBI!>!JC<==X>@A!
EBHXBB?!0(!NBC=<?>@GH;!=J>@B=!>?I!HKB!**4V!(KB!JDCCB?H!=HDI;!IGMGIBI!B>JK!=J<CB!E;!GH=!=J>@
B!F>TGFDF9!JCB>HBI!D?GH
2XBGLKHBI!**4!J<FN<=GHB=!>JJ<CIG?L!H<!HKB!0<ggBE<?!BH!>@V!URSYeW!
F>NNG?L=!G?!(>E@B!e9!>?I!=H>?I>CIGgBI!HK<=B!J<FN<=GHB=V
!!)!cS!9'C(,)F
):1(S#,)9JTUBVJ9:#1*('./+);9W+&#'*+('*
9FFM Factor
!PT Factor
!# of 
Items
!!!Description
!Extraversion
!Sociability
!12!.83
!Tendency to enjoy being with people as well 
as to be optimistic
!!Vigor
!7!.86
!Physical activity level of a person
!!Leadership
!5!.79
!Activities such as taking charge and seeking 
out responsibilities
!Agreeableness
!Social 
Sensitivity
!9!.85
!Propensity to put oneself in another's place
!Conscientiousness
!Mature 
Personality
!24!.93
!Ability to get work done efficiently, to work 
on a project to completion, and to accept 
assigned responsibility
!!Impulsiveness
!9!.72
!Tendency to make quick decisions without 
full consideration of the outcomes
!!Tidiness
!11!.86
!Desire for order and neatness in one's 
environment
!Emotional Stability
!Self
-Confidence
!12!.78
!One's feelings of social 
acceptability and the 
willingness to act and think independently
!!Calmness
!9!.87
!Ability to react to emotional situations in an 
appropriate
 manner without displaying 
extreme emotions
!Openness to 
Experience
!Culture
!10!.81
!Tendency to recognize the 
value of aesthetic 
things, and to display refinement and good 
taste
!Note: Scale descriptions and reliabilities are from Pozzebon et al. (2013)
!)<$&(/(0&0))?HBCB=H=!XBCB!>==B==BI!XGHK!RSc!GHBF=!<O!HX<!H;NB=V!(KB!OGC=H!LC<DN!@G=HBI!YRR!IGOOBCB?H!
<JJDN>HG<?=!>?I!>=ABI!N>CHGJGN>?H=!H<!C>HB!K<X!FDJK!HKB;!X<D@I!@GAB!HKB!X<CA!HK>H!B>JK!B?H>G@=V!
(KB!CBF>G?IBC!@G=HBI!>JHGMGHGB=9!>?I!>L>G?!N>CHGJGN>?H=!C>HBI!K<X!FDJK
!HKB;!X<D@I!@GAB!H<!I<!HK>H!
>JHGMGH;V!0>CHGJGN>?H=!CB=N<?IBI!<?!>!c
2N<G?H!=J>@B!OC<F!h'W!)!X<D@I!@GAB!HKG=!MBC;!FDJKi!H<!h1W!)!
X<D@I!IG=@GAB!HKG=!MBC;!FDJKiV!(KB!<CGLG?>@!CB=B>CJK!=H>OO!J>HBL<CGgBI!HKB!RSc!GHBF=!G?H<!Yb!
O>JH<C=!>!NCG<CGV!.=G?L!>!H<N
2I<X?!O
>JH<C!>?>@;=G=9!&D!URSYRW!O<D?I!G?HBCB=H!O>JH<C=!=GFG@>C!H<!HKB!
!cY!$)'&1+5!(KG?L=9!&JGB?JB9!'CHG=HGJ9!0B<N@B9!7B>IBC=KGN9!>?I!6D=G?B==V!'@HBC?>HGMB@;9!"GBL>?I!
URSY\W!O<CFBI!$)'&1+!O>JH<C=!HKC<DLK!J<?HB?H!>?>@;=G=!>?I!J>HBL<CGgBI!CB@BM>?H!GHBF=!G?H<!<?B!
<O!HKB
!=GT!-<@@>?I!LC<DNG?L=!XGHK![!GHBF=!NBC!O>JH<CV!:DB!H<!=DNBCG<C!J<?J<CI>?JB!XGHK!HKB!XB@@
2CB=B>CJKBI!$)'&1+!IGFB?=G<?=!>?I!HKB!CB@G>EG@GH;!BMGIB?JB9!HKG=!=HDI;!JCB>HBI!G?HBCB=H!=J<CB=!
>JJ<CIG?L!H<!HKB!NC<JBIDCB!<DH@G?BI!E;!"GBL>?I!U=BB!(>E@B!f!O<C!HK<=B!F>
NNG?L=WV!$B@G>EG@GHGB=!
O<C!G?HBCB=H!J<FN<=GHB=!XBCB!>=!O<@@<X=5!$B>@G=HGJ!y!V\[9!)?MB=HGL>HGMB!y!V\f9!'CHG=HGJ!y!V\c9!&<JG>@!
y!V\R9!1?HBCNCG=G?L!y!V\f9!+<?MB?HG<?>@!y!V\YV
!9'C(,)G
!:1(S#,)9JTUBVJ95')#1#*)95)#&*93.AA#$9)(9R5T-B09W+&#'*+('*
9Realistic
!Investig
ative
!Artistic
!Toolmaker
!Surgeon
!Musician
!Automobile Mechanic
!Chemist
!Reporter
!Electrician
!Astronomer
!Sculptor
!Electronics technician
!Research scientist
!Author of a novel
!Bricklayer
!Doctor
!Interpreter
!House Painter
!Biologist
!Writer
!Machinist
!Laboratory technician
!Musical composer
!Carpenter
!Physics
!Poet!Operate a crane or derrick
!Studying
!Artist
!Social
!Enterprising
!Conventional
!Social worker
!Personnel administrator
!Bookkeeper
!Elementary school teacher
!Credit manager
!Bank 
teller
!Guidance counselor
!President of a large company
!Office clerk
!College professor
!Real estate agent
!Certified Public Accountant
!High school teacher
!Office manager
!Typist
!Religious worker
!Banker
!Accountant or auditor
!School principal
!Salesman
!Type setter
!Sociology
!Manage a large store
!Make out income tax returns
!Teach children
!Sell merchandise to stores
!Keep accounts
!Note: Mappings are from Wiegand (2018)
!!cR!5$'%/"$6($&
)0BC=<?
2@BMB@!=J<CB=!O<C!>@@!HKB!NCBJBIG?L!G?IGMGID>@!
IGOOBCB?JB!FB>=DCB=!XBCB!D=BI!H<!
JCB>HB!B?MGC<?FB?H!=J<CB=V!*<C!B>JK!NBC=<?9!HKB!B?MGC<?FB?H!=J<CB!X>=!J<FNDHBI!>=!HKB!FB>?!
HC>GH!@BMB@!<O!BMBC;<?B!XK<!=K>CBI!HKB!=>FB!<JJDN>HG<?V!(KG=!<NBC>HG<?>@Gg>HG<?!<O!HKB!
B?MGC<?FB?H!J>NHDCB=!=DNN@BFB?H>C;!OGH!<C!K<X
!=GFG@>C!NB<N@B!>CB!H<!HK<=B!XK<!=K>CB!HKBGC!
<JJDN>HG<?>@!LC<DNV
!+<?=G=HB?H!XGHK!NCBMG<D=!CB=B>CJK!U,;B9!0C>=>I9!BH!>@V9!RSY\W9!<JJDN>HG<?=!XGHK!OBXBC!
HK>?!YS!FBFEBC=!XBCB!BTJ@DIBI!OC<F!OGH!>?>@;=B=!=G?JB!HKB!CB@G>EG@GH;!<O!B?MGC<?FB?H!C>HG?L=!
IBNB?I=!<?!H
KB!?DFEBC!<O!G?IGMGID>@=!J<?=GIBCBIV!(<!FG?GFGgB!HKB!?DFEBC!<O!IG=J>CIBI!
N>CHGJGN>?H=9!HKG=!=HDI;!D=BI!0C<^BJH!('71,(Z=!e
2IGLGH!^<E!J<IB=!XKGJK!@DFN!F<CB!NB<N@B!G?H<!
=@GLKH@;!OBXBC!J>HBL<CGB=!HK>?!HKB!f
2IGLGH!J<IB=V!#O!HKB!Rc\!>JHD>@!<JJDN>HG<?=!CBN<CHBI!G
?!HKG=!
CBF>G?G?L!=>FN@B9!RfY!K>I!YS!<C!F<CB!NB<N@B!G?!HKBF!@B>MG?L!>!OG?>@!=>FN@B!=GgB!<O!c\9cbY!XGHK!
J<FN@BHB!I>H>!O<C!NCBIGJHGMB!>?>@;=B=V!(<!>GI!G?HBCNCBH>HG<?!>?I!FGHGL>HB!FD@HGJ<@@G?B>CGH;9!>@@!
NBC=<?!=J<CB=!XBCB!=H>?I>CIGgBI!EBO<CB!JCB>HG?L!=PD>CBI!>
?I!G?HBC>JHG<?!HBCF=V
!1THBC?>@!C>HG?L=!<O!HKB!B?MGC<?FB?H!UBVLV9!OC<F!#k,1(W!XBCB!?<H!D=BI!G?!HKG=!=HDI;!O<C!
=BMBC>@!CB>=<?=V!*GC=H9!HKBCB!G=!C<DLK@;!>!cS
2;B>C!L>N!EBHXBB?!XKB?!0(!N>CHGJGN>?H=!CBN<CHBI!<?!
HKBGC!^<E=!>?I!F<IBC?!#k,1(!^<E!C>HG?L=V!"KG@B!HKBC
B!>CB!BTNBCH!C>HBI!^<E!JK>C>JHBCG=HGJ=!
NC<IDJBI!J@<=BC!H<!HKB!Y[bY!I>H>!J<@@BJHG<?!G?!HKG=!=HDI;!UBVLV9!HKB!:#(W9!HKB;!I<!?<H!K>MB!C>HG?L=!
<O!>@@!HKCBB!G?IGMGID>@!IGOOBCB?JB!I<F>G?=!?<C!I<!HKB;!K>MB!I>H>!>H!HKB!@BMB@!<O!LC>?D@>CGH;!HK>H!
HKG=!=HDI;!CBPDGCB=
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2@BHHBC!J<IB!C>HKBC!HK>?!>=!=J>@B!
=J<CB=WV!&BJ<?I9!E>=BI!<?!NCG<C!=HDIGB=!HK>H!K>MB!F>HJKBI!<JJDN>HG<?=!E>=BI!<?!J<?HB?H!U$BBMB!
d!-BLLB=H>I9!RSSfj!"GBL>?I9!RSY\W9!@B==!HK>?!bSp!<O!HKB!<JJDN>HG<?=!G?!HKB!0(!I>H>=B
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JC<==X>@ABI!H<!HKB!#k,1(V!(KGCI9!HKB!<JJDN>HG<?=!HK>H!I<!K>MB!F>HJKB=!@<=B!OGIB@GH;!E;!OGC=H!
!ce!CBPDGCG?L!>!F>HJK!H<!:#(!<JJDN>HG<?=!>?I!HKB?!H<!HKB!#k,1(V!7>=H@;9!NCG<C!01!OGH!=HDIGB=!HK>H!
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H@;!@<XBC!BOOBJH!=GgB=!J<FN>CBI!H<!
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?<H!J<?=G=HB?H!>JC<==!
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!(KB!NCGF>C;!O<JD=!<O!HKG=!=HDI;!G=!=>HG=O>JHG<?!XGHK!HKB!X<CA!GH=B@O!<C!"<CA!&>HG=O>JHG<?V!
"KG@B!=>HG=O>JHG<?!XGHK!<HKBC!^<E!
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<JJDN>HG<?V!)?!HKG=!X>;9!GH!G=!>!F<CB!D=BOD@!EB?JKF>CA!O<C!HKB!PD>@GH;!<O!<?BZ=!<JJDN>HG<?>@!
JK<G
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B?^<;!HKB!AG?I!<O!X<CA!;<D!K>MB!I<?B!<?!HKG=!^<EmiV!(KG=!EC<>I!GHBF!X>=!J<FEG?BI!XGHK!HKCBB!
F<CB!=NBJGOGJ!<?B=!>E<DH!K<X!G?HBCB=HG?L9!JK>@@B?LG?L9!>?I!FB>?G?LOD@!HKB!^<
E!G=V
!'?!<MBC>@@!^<E!=>HG=O>JHG<?!FB>=DCB!XG@@!>@=<!EB!CBPDGCBI!H<!HB=H!HKB!K;N<HKB=G=!HK>H!
KGLKBC
2<CIBC!IGFB?=G<?=!OC<F!4:&!J>?!NCBIGJH!HKB!EC<>IBC!<DHJ<FB!<O!<MBC>@@!^<E!=>HG=O>JHG<?!
U>=!J<FN>CBI!H<!HKB!O>JBH!<O!"<CA!&>HG=O>JHG<?WV!'!EC<>I!GHBF!H>NNG?L!L
B?BC>@!=>HG=O>JHG<?!G?!
0C<^BJH!('71,(!>=A=9!h+<?=GIBCG?L!>@@!>=NBJH=9!K<X!I<!;<D!OBB@!>E<DH!;<DC!^<EmiV!(<!EDG@I!>!
F<CB!CB@G>E@B9!FD@HG
2GHBF!FB>=DCB!HK>H!J>NHDCB=!>!LCB>HBC!NC<N<CHG<?!<O!HKB!J<?=HCDJH!=N>JB9!<HKBC!
F<CB!=NBJGOGJ!^<E!=>HG=O>JHG<?!GHBF=!XBCB!
>@=<!G?J@DIBI!GO!HKB;!XBCB5!UYW!>IFG?G=HBCBI!H<!F<=H9!GO!
?<H!>@@9!KGLK!=JK<<@!J<K<CH=9!>?I!URW!J<?=HCDJH!M>@GIV!)HBF=!XGHK!G?>IBPD>HB!J<?=HCDJH!M>@GIGH;!
G?J@DIB!h4;!^<E!K>=!=K<CH!K<DC=i!>?I!h4;!^<E!K>=!@<?L!M>J>HG<?=iV!(>E@B!c!@G=H=!>@@!GHBF=!>@<?L!
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=J>@B!C>?LB=9!>@@!=>HG=O>JHG<?!GHBF=!XBCB!IGMGIBI!E;!HKBGC!CB=NBJHGMB!=J>@B!F>TGF>!EBO<CB!EBG?L!
>MBC>LBI!H<!J<FNDHB!J<FN<=GHB!=J<CB=!>?I!HKB?!=H>
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9Item Content
!Rating Anchors
!*Do you enjoy the kind of work you have done on 
this job?
!1 - No, I hate the work
 2 - No, I dislike it very much most of the time
 3 - No, I rather dislike it
 4 - I have no feelings about it
 5 - Yes, I rather like it
 6 - Yes, I like it very much most of the time
 7 - Yes, I enjoy it very much
!*My job has work 
that is important or worthwhile.
 *My job has work that is challenging.
 *My job has interesting work.
 My job has a good income to start.
 My job will have a good income within a few 
years.
 My job has job security and permanence.
 My job has opportunity for pr
omotion.
 My job has work that I feel I do well.
 My job has friendly likeable coworkers.
 My job has pleasant surroundings.
 My job gives status.
 My job is a job that provides real power.
!1 - This Job is terrible in this respect
 2 - This Job is very poor in t
hat respect
 3 - This Job is rather poor in this respect
 4 - This Job is adequate in this respect
 5 - This Job is very good in this respect
 6 - This job is excellent in that respect
!Considering all aspects, how do you feel about 
your job?
!1 - Very dissatis
fied with it
 2 - Rather dissatisfied with it
 3 -  Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
 4 - Fairly satisfied with it
 5 - Very satisfied with it
!* items are part of the Work Satisfaction subset which will be the main focus of this study. Those along with all 
remaining items were used to construct an overall Job Satisfaction score.
!!!cc!*'0')=-,<'-'0$1"
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