_ atu i ‘ THESIS : Olanacm r lela meal : M.A.C. Campus | Spring Activity . | GC. A. Mc Cue. ! a 190% —— i Ht bees ee wae | } | . MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY oe mAati - 2 ee p e a THESIS. STUDY OF ek TREES | UPON THE Moa.0, CAMPUS AS REGARDS ee ee ‘THEIR SPRING ACTIVITY _ FOR | . 1900. Michigan Agricultural Gollege. June, 1901, The activity which Nature show every spring in hastening to elothe the trees in verdant green and in putting forth the myriads of flowers in order to perpetuate the species is one of interest to every lover of Nature and her ways. More par- ticularly does it interest the Botanist and those intimately acquainted with that Science. The table which comprises the main part of this thesis contains the dates for the spring of 1900, as near correct as possible, of the leaving and flowering of the principal species of forest trees found upon the M. A. C. Campus. The spring of 1900 opened up rather late, the weather being cold ana stormy until near the middle of April, and consequently the dates of spring activity are a little later than the average. The tradi which grew upon the rich, flat, bottom lands along the River were several days in advance of the individuals of the same species which grew upon the higher ground of the College Campus proper. This was particularly noticable in the case of the White Oaks and Silver Maples. The spring of the present year, 1901, bid fair to open up at least a week or ten days + ne ee earlier than that of 1900, but a cold wave sudden- ly swept over this portion of the continent during the latter part of April and gave vegetation such a sever check that the dates of activity are only a few days earlicr than the corresponding ones for 1900. The results of this cold wave were best observed in those plants whose buds had already | | fe partially opened, They had reached such a stage that it seemed evident tives nneeen twenty-four hours of warm weather would open them fully; but re the cold wave came on and for several days no change could be observed in their condition; but when. the warm winds and the sun once more had full sway the bud geales were burst open in a surprisingly rapid manner as if Nature had suddenly given vent to all the pent up energies of the few days before. This was particularly to be noticed in the case of a Carolina Poplar near the Women's Building, which put forth its staminate flowers, shed its : pollen, and dropped its catkins all within twenty— four hours! time. In the following table all the species named grow to the size of trees in this latitude with the: exception of Dirca palustris, lann., abd severed cs = i or the willows. No garticular attention having % been shown by the author to the numerous species. : of shrubs which are to be found upon the nee The table is arranged by families acodwesng, Me to the classification given by Engler and Prantl, — a beginning with the highest family, the conifers, saad ard grading down to the lowest, caprifoliaceac. The genera are taken in order, under their res families, given by Gray in his school and Field | Botany. The authority for names of species is, = eae in most cases, Gray. neatoof Floweringwas Ley eee * with many Botanists. as a : Raeeieee ee ce tk ll - ee rae | te ere ee ARES UPR Sy ke Tes ee ee eee ae ote we me I i re eet -4- Date Date Botanical Name. Common Name. ene ene ; leaves. flowers. Coniferae. Pinus Strobus White Pine. June 2 --—-- -West of. aie Linn. President i ; House, — Cembra, Swiss Stone June 4 -— — — -N.W.Cor, Linn.- } * sylvestris, Scotch Pine. Linn, " resinosa, Norway Pine. Ait, " Austrica, Austrian Pine. - - - May 25 Westae Hoss. ‘Well's Hall Picea excelsa, Norway Spruce. May 13 - - - Link. ‘ Tsuga Canadensis, Hemlock. | Apr .27 May 11 Frontof oe wee Howard oe aon Carr. Sennen i Abies balsamea, Common Balsam. May 12 --- x Miller. Larix europea, European Larch. Apr.23 May 2 D ~C Oo Apr.24 Apr.27 —— Tamarack. a a : Larix americana, Michx. | - - - Ginko bileba, Maidenhair Tree. May 13 Linn. May 9 --- American Bald Taxodium distichum, Richard. Cypress. — ae . ere Red Cedar. Juniperus virgin- iana, Linn. fs oe hy t oi MaiaCool oe spe te sal ae P wets Toad [oe aa Tard eid ettihe ) Botanical Name. Common Name. Date Date Location of Of x Ofice first first Tree. Salicaceae. Salix discolor, Glaucus Willow. May2 Apr. 20 oaduame Muhl. , | Garden. — " glaucophylla, --~---- Apr.29 --- Bebb. palmifolla, ------ May 9 Apr.20 purpurea, Purple Willow. Apr.25 Apr.25 ; | Linn. Prairie Willow. -- - Apr.29 humilis, Marsh. Apr.30 May 2 Babylonica Hoop Willow. annularis, Tourn. Babylonica, Weeping Willow. Apr.22 Apr.26 Long beaked --— Apr.29 rostrata, Richard. Willow. May 2 Apr.29 cordata, Heart leaved Munhl. Willow. Apr .27 Apr.30 lucida, American Bay i Muhl. Willow. Willow. Apr.29 -— - — " gmygaloides, Peach Anderson. 29 - - " sericea, silky Willow. Apr. . Marsh. White Willow. Apr.28 Apr 30 " Alva, Linn. es - Botanical Name. common Name. Date Date“hocation first first oo i leaves. flowers. : ree. es ae ‘é . Salix candida, Sage Willow. Apr.30 Apr.30 = ee " nigra, Black Willow. May 2 ie Marsh. Balm of Gilead. Apr.30 Apr .23 Prof.Taft'sa E: Populus balsami— Border. = i vs fera candicans, ae : Gray. . hi May 7 Apr.6 Near Ice 7 Populus tremiloides, American Aspen. House. © Michx. r May 9 Apr.10 Front of ae Populus grandiden- Large American Preside! Aspen. House. © F | ia serie, tata, Michx. | May 5 Apr.25 bares a eo alba, white Poplar, hem.Lab. a vue Linn. May 9 ae Fast ot " geltoides, Cottonwood. Apbot Apr .23 south of| Pop- Avr.s0 ee wnigra-italica, Lombardy Prof. E “TuRoi. ~ lar. Rarn. aE my order Juglandaceae. Black walnut. May 12 Bee oe Juglans nigra, c Linh. 4 ay gy Wicoria minima, Swamp Hickory. — Shagbark one Hickory. = Botanical Name. Common Name. Date Location of of first Tree, leaves. flowers. Order Cupilifera. Betula papyrifera, Cangg Birch. May 7 S.W. of Chem.Lab. Marsh. Alnus glutinosa, Cutleaved Apr .30 S.W. of Chem. Lab. : Willd. Alder. Smooth Alder.Apr.30 S.W. of Alnus serrulata, Parade Ground. Ait. Apr.30 Along River. Corylus Americana, American Banks. Wall. Hazel. Apr .28 N.W. of Ostyra Virginiana, Tronwood. Chm.Lab. Willd. Apr.29 Along River Carpinus Carolin- Rlue Beech. Banks. iana, Wall. May 12 May 12 Front of Quercus Alba, White Oak. Williams Linn. Hall. .May 7 Botanic " Wuhlenbergii, chestmut Oak Garden. Engim. Oak. May 1 May 2 N.E. of " Goccinea, Scarlet William's Hall. wang. May 14 May 14 Prof .Taft's s stellata, Post Oak. Border. Wang. Arboretum. ite Apr.30 " platinoides, swamp Wh Sarg. Oak. May 16 ay 16 Prof.Taft's Gatesbaeh,. Turkey Oak. ‘Border. ' Michx. a ‘Botanical Name. common Name. Date Date Location of of. first first eee ae leaves. flowers. oe Quercus macrocarpa, Burr Oak. May7 May10- on River Bank. es " palustrus, © Pin oak. May 7 May 12 DuRoi. RedOak. May 1 May 7 yeet of 03 rupra, chem.Lab. Linn. | ilicifolia, | Black Serub May 14 May 17 ‘i att CPeo bias _ Wang. oak. oS. Nortthh of © Black Oak. May 2 May 2 Be * tinctoria, college ! Gray. . American Beech. May 7 -- - gouth of| ss Fagus Americana, . Hospital = Ait. Order Urticaceae. Apr.15 May 2 White Elm. a Ulmus Americana, Linn. _ ; ‘ m . May7 " fulva, slippery Elm. Apr.21 Michx. 2 " yacemosa, cork orwi Rock Apr.25 May ee Bim. ees Thomas. r.24 May 5° Englis h Elm. Ap ee * campestris, : yann. May 2 May 2 al- Hackberry. ee: ‘geltis occident 18,5... Linn. e‘ e aa is Botanical Name. ig Common Name. Date Date Location of of 3% _ of first first Tree. aes leaves. flowers. hae Order of Magnoliaceae. Apr.29 “May 28 —West of Liriode BABS TIA? ip- Whii te Wood. Dr.Edwardg! 3 Linn. House. a : a Bast of ea umber Tree.May 15 - — — Magnolia acuminata, cuc Chem. Lab. oe Linn. Order Lauraceac. May 15 May 11 Near St. sassafrass officin-— Sassaf ras. Car Station. | ale, Nees. ae. Order Hamamelidi Late in South of 7 's - witch Hazel. May president Hamame1is Virgin $99. ana, House. Linh. prof.taft's — ia May 14 May 14 styra- Sweet Gum Romder. Liquidamber Tree. ciflua, Linn. aceac. Order Platan west of May 12 Ground. ntal- Sycamore. parade Platanus occide is, “re Linn. . Order Rosaceac “3 Apr.29 west of Par- Apr.29 ou nd s. — naden— Service ade Gr Amelanchier ca Berry. v ec sis. ay. Torr and Gr ; - 7 south of. . Apr.27 pr.kedazie's | a, European pyrus Ancupari Rowan. House. Gaertn. Botanical Name. Common Name, Date ate Date ) Locati ory __of of of : Tree, first first leaves. flowe rs. . . Cratagus tomen tosa, Rlack B c Th Thorn. i y 16 May = Botan / aniic Garde n. ‘Sdn. sa, Prunus Scrotina, . Wild Black Apr.25 -- - East of Ehah. cherry. . chem.Lab. Order Leguminosae, Yellow Wood. May 1 Did not North of Cladrastis tinct- ploom. U.L.S.Hall. oria, Rof. -~--— West of — ae Robina Pesudo- common Locust.May 12 ; Roiler House. acacia, Linn. May 16 May 12 Arboretum. Cercis canadensis, Judas Tree Linn, or Redbucd. May 9 Rast of ney Locust. May 9 Gledistscha trican— Ho Prof .Dean's.- thos, : Linn. i «== sw. of Par- Kentucky jof~ May ‘* Gymnocladus canaden-— ade Grounds. fee Trec. sis, Lam. Order Sapindaceac. OF her. 29 + N.W. Racerne, Mitte etl p .29 ee— Horse © nestnut.Apr 3 beet c ’ Linn. or Far- Apr.25 S.W. 7 GRaueeae j C Apr.25 At Ohio Ruckeys. Aesevlus glabra, Willd. Ae a, Ieee prof. erie a dees ava, sweet Buckeye. Apr .26 Aesculus fl Ait. -- "7 arvoretum. Mountain Maple.Apr.27 Acer spicatum, Lam. Botanical Name, Common Name. Date Date Location of of OEE first first Tree. | leaves, flowers. es Acer Pseudo-Plat-— Sycamore Maple. Apr.30_ nus, Linn, Acer Pennsylvani- striped Maple. May 12 cum, Linn, we Bs Acer saccharin— Sugar Maple. May 9 Apr.30 Faculty! um, Wang. Acer saccharinunm, Black Sugar Maple. May 7 Apr.27 Fr nigrum, Torr and Gray. Acer dasycarpum, Silver Maple. Apr.12 Apr.6 Ehrh. Acer rubrum, Red or Swamp Apr.26 Apr.21 Linn. Maple. Box Elder. Apr.23 Apr.23, Acer negundo, NorwayMaple. Apr.27 Acer platanoides, Eoann2 mom a a a Apr.27 © Acer cordata, Thumb . Omder Tiliaceac. Rass Wood. May 3 _ Filia Americana, - European Bass—- @ilia europaea, wood. | Linn. =-12— Botonical Name. Gommon Name. Date Date Location nti of of OF first first Tree. Order Thymelaiceae, leaves. flowers. Drica palustris, Leatherwood. pr.28 Apr.24 S. W. of Par- Linn. ade Grounds. Order Cornaceae. Cornus Mas, Cornelian Cherry.- - Apr.20 Prof.Taft's Linn, Border. " stolonifera, Wild Red Osier. May 1 - - - Rotanic Garden. Michx. Flowering Dog- May 2 May 6 N.W. of " Florida, wood. Greenhouse. Linn. May 4 May 4 Botanic Garden. Nyssa Sylvatica, Pepperbdge. Marsh. Order Oleaceas. Apr.26 s.W. of : Black Ash. May 9 Fraxunius sambri- Greenhouse. cifolia, Lam. May 1 --- Along River " viridis, Green Ash. Banks. Michx. May 1 May 1 South of " Americana, White Ash. Williams' Linn. Hall. Botanic Gar- Red Ash. Ape.26 =< - > " pubescens, den. (cut down Linn. summer 1900) Order Rignoniaceae . - — Arboretum. , Com:mo n Catalpa.May 13 - catalpa bignonioides Wald. June 17 a h of sout Hardycatalpa. May 13 Livrary . Gatalpa speciosa, warder. iaceac. Bes of order caprifol nlaer. Apr.30 w= = nsis, Com Botanic sambucus canade oe : Garden. Binh. The object of this thesis was not to impart | * any great amount of knowledge, but was taken up by | the author rather from the standpoint of knowledge to be gained in the collection of the dates record— ed above. By this means a knowkedge of trees, | their habits and ch1aracteristics, was obtained ‘one has amply repaid for all work done, The different species required constant watching in order to observe the first flowerand bit of green foliage that appeared upon the branches, thus cultivating the powers of observation and éniaeeane the know-— ledge of species studied. | The M. A.C. Campus is an exceptionally good place forcarrying on such “investigations as upon it are found a large majority of the American species = of trees and many foreign ones. There are recorded a in the table 130 nORa tay a under 168 aif. The Herbarium accompanying this thesis cae will be found on deposit in the College Herbarium, | wivWNMi LIBRARIES ICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY 3 1293 02647 9