5 RareeaSENSea8SESa THESIS. RS ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS. i fyman R, Love. 1896, ; SGNSEPTEEYEIIa WeaKn 4 THESIS on RHE 2en es * ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS py ei tk es : ee Michigan Agricultural College, ee tne fie = July 24, 1896. A Collectionand Deseription of the Flowers and Foliage together with a Deseription of each Plant and Some of the ; Chief Characteristics of Seventy Trees and Shrubs, For herbariun specimens, see the appendix in the Botan- ideal Laboratory. ry be ‘ ee ‘ Be ‘ f 1 * —| American or White Nlm--Ulmuis Americana. Leaves glabrous, or nearly so, 1-1/2! to 4' long, oval, ovate, or ob-ovate, apex acute, twice serrate, dark green, two ranked; petiole 1/4! to 1/2', veins straight and very prominent on under side. There are two distinet forms that are worthy of consid- eration, The most common form grows from 50 to 80 ft. tall, the branches avvéading from 20 to 70 fe, In this form the branches begin at about 20 ft. from the ground and form a fairly compact round or irregular head. The lower branches are often horizontal and aroepita at their ends, The tree is seldom symmetrical, and more of the picturesque type, It fives a very‘pleasing but somewhat open shade, It is one of our largest trees, the trunk varving from 1-4 ft. in diameter, The other, an extremely nicturesque form does not branch un= til 80 to 50 ft, from the ground, It then sends upward at a —— small angle from 5 to ¥ or more large slender feather-like ihiine. These are iehdsiad with mimerous small ieafy bran- — and at their ends they eurve foldiy downward making a ‘very open, irremilar head. The trmink is a large straight shaft with light gray, roughened bark, The trunk is often eovered with small ieafy shoots, This latter form is very yaluable for picturesque work, | (3) The elm is one of the most magnificent of our trees, It is probable there is no tree that is slanted more or that | 4 is a greater favorite than the American elm, Its variety of : graceful forms with its size, hardiness, rapidity of growth in varying climatic and soil conditions make it a favorite for highways and large grounds, t is not desirable for street purposes, Sork-harked Elm--Ulms racemosa, Leaves large (2-1/2 to 5'), on very short (1/8") petiole, two ranked, ob-avate, or oval, apes acute, margin twice ser=- rate, upper surface smooth and of dark green color, ynder surface light greefi or nearly silvery, eanescent , young twigs also covered with minute hairs, veins straight, . A close growing tree with branenes at 5 fo 8 ft, from ground, irregular, somewhat oven, but giving a very good shade, The bark of trunk and large branches very rough and corky. Branches angular and crooked, spreading horizontally or ascending slightly, Branches branching well and covered with an abundance of dark green foliage. ‘It grows less rapidly than the American elm, but it is a -Aistinet form, It does not attain as great a growth but is especially attractive for its oorky park and fine foliage, It is better adapted to street planting than tne white elm, It is a desirable tree for ornamental nalaamas as well as for shade. = pe aaaSaar slg (4) English Elm--Ulmus @ampestris, Leaves thickly set on@many branching shoots, #-3-1/2! long; ob-ovate or oval, apex sharo, twice serrate, smooth thick and tough, deep Breen, petiole 1/2' long. _ It branches low, with large branches throughout at nearly right angles, It is wnlike a elim in the fact that it has a large central shaft which attains a considerable . height. It is quite well clothed with:deep green foliage. It is of slower growth but of a more sturdy character than the American elm, it is also mich longer lived; often at- taining an age of 140 to 160 yrs., and shlin alin greater size, Gilpin says, "No tree is better adapted to receive grand masses of light. In this respect it is superior to both the oak and the ash." it is well adapted for planting in large grounds in groups or singly, White Oak--Quercus alba. Leaves pinnatified with 8 to 5pairs of lateral 10bes and one terminal lobe, wedge shane at base, lobes increasing if in size from base; simses deep or shallow, rounded; lobes broad and rounded, entire or auxiculate, prominent veins run= ning to lobes, leaves 4' to 8' long, light green and smooty. above, silvery white beneath, glossy or dull, petiole 1/a' to 1' long. (5) Tree large with a trunk 8 to 3 ft. in diameter, straight and erect. If grown close in groups will have a large straight shaft 40 to 100 ff, tall with large crooked horizontal branch= es. Is not very broad, and is irregular, and somewhat open, but gives a very pleasing open shade, The trunk of it as well as of all the other oaks is mich roughened, bark of light brown or gray color, and a pleasing light green foliage. Where it is grown in an opening where it has sufficient food and sunshine it sends out long angular and crooked branches at 4° to 8° from the ground, and spreads from 25° to 60° 4 Grown under these conditions it forms a broad, compact, round yaad. | The oak is considered the grandest and most angen of all deciduous trees, It is of rather slow growth, but its strength and nardiness together with its sturdy character and. great age to which it attains renders it one of the most use= ful and desirable of trees, it is a grand tree to use in groups or as single specimens, ithas no enemies and grows on nearly ali soils. Its great size, vigor and longevity to= gether with its cheerful summer color and its bright autumn tints make it a very desirable tree for all large grounds, Red O0ak--Quercus rubra, Leaves from 4' to 12' long, pinnatified, sinuses deep or shallow, broad and rounded, 5 to 9 lobes, general form of leaf (6) oval or ob-ovate, lobes with 2 to 4 prominently bristle point=- ed teeth, base broad or narrow and rounded, thin, smooth, 7 tough, dark green and glossy, piesa avant and of yellowish green color, This —e about the same size and same age as the white oak. Its trunk is more angular, crooked and nme. The bark is rough , thick and corrugated, and of a dark brown eolor, In general form itt resembles the white oak very much. The branches are longer, straighter and more nearly erect. When grown in an opening it often spreads to a considerable extent (50-70 ft.) with the branches sweeping the ground. The branches are even more open than in the white oak, yet it gives a verv pleasing shade with the sun sifting through the openings in the branches, The foliage is abundant only at the ends of the large branches, The red oak has the widest range of growth of any of our American oaks, [It thrives in nearly every atichsal aie the United States and Canada east of theRocky Mountains, It is readily transplanted, and none of our oaks grow more racidly than it, It attains magnificent proporjions, and has even a more sturdy appearance than the white oak. It is execllentiy wate for planting on large places and in parks, and there are few trees that are better adapted for street planting. In the Garden and Forest of 1891, page 238, Sargent says,"I> ‘7) hardiness, goog habit, adaptability to different soils, beauty or foliage, longevity, and freedom from disease have any weicht with planters of trees the red oak should receive ate tention at their hands," Searlet Oak--Quercus coccinea, Leaves pinnatified, 65' to 9' long, with 3 to 5 pairs of deeply cut lateral lobes, terminal lobe pe or aric- ulate, general form of leaf ob-ovate or oval, pase tmmeate, lobes increasing in size from base, lobes with prominently pristle-pointed teeth, sinuses broad and rounded, eolor dark green and verv glossy on both sides, petiole 1 to 2 long, It has a large rough dark brown trmink tapering quite” rapidly from the ground, It forms an open and irregular head with crooked, unequally distributed branches, It attains a height of 60 to 80 ft. but does not have as large a trunk as the white or red oak, its bright glossy Pion Teas in sum= mex, which turns to a bright scarlet in autumn renders it the most beautifui of our native oaks, it is splendid to group with trees that have brown and green autumn colors for it is in contrast with these that its greatest beauty is apparent, Yellow-barked or Black Oak--Quercus velutina or # +¢inetoria, Leaves pinnatified, 2 to 5 pairs of lateral Lobes , gener ai shape ob-ovate, 3' to 9' long, base truncate, lobes wide (3) and shaliow or narrow and deeply out, sinuses narrow, rounded and shellow or broad and.deep, the broad lobes have small spiny teeth while the narrow: ones have prominently spiny teeth, color of medium to dark green, surface smooth or often a woolv-like pubescence on one or both sides of leaf and pet=- iole, vetiole yellowish green, The tmink is usually large and erect or crooked and gnarled, It has a very thick deeply furrowed dark brown oute= er bark. It attains a height of 40 to 80 ft+., has somewhat open, narrow, roundish head with irregular, crooked branches along the large trunk. it is sparsely covered with frlossy dark green foliage. Tt is not onpedintiy desirable for or- namental purposes and is seldom planted, In sections where it is native it may be preserved for shade and to give varioty of foxm and color, mee American Beech--Fagus ferruginea, Leaves & to 5' long, on small, smooth stiff, angular snoots, oblong or oval pointed, base narrow, apex acute, serrate, sparsely plumose, smooth, tough, straight veined, The tmink of the tree is very smooth and varying prom gray to brown in color, Branches long, slender and extend- ing horizontally from the trunk and often nearly to the ground When grown in groups or singly in the opening, it forms a (2) dense Gark green mass of foliage. The tree is verv symetri- eal, vround, and often flat-topved, It attains a height of 35 to 70 ft. and spreads 25 to 50 ft, Its sturdy character, hardiness and fine mass of foliage render it a desirable tree for large grounds, It is easily transplanted, grows slowly, and roots shallow bui it is well worthy of being planted, Another undesirable feature of it is, that it retains its Leaves until well into the winter, American Chestnut--Castanca vesea, Plowers, in erect, slender, axiliary entking, catkins 4 to 7' long, yellow, fertile flowers few, catkins very nu- merous and quite showy, Leaves, 3 to 7' long, broadly lanceolate pointed, ser- rate with coarse, pointed, twisted, prominently spine-pointcd teeth, glabrous, deep green, straight veined, veins vellow, retiole snort and greenish yellow. |The chestnut is a broad spreading txee, with symmetrical roind head and lower brancheslong, ie! straight and near ly horizontal. in July it is covered with showy slender Cees, « yellow flowers. It is one of our largest trees, and it thrives from Maine to Florida. It is noted for its dignity and grandour, it has the sturdyness of the oak, to- gether with its Hteseksy foliage, its hardiness, rapidity (19) of growth and longevity, t flourishes on rocky hillsides, put does not thrive on low wet situations, It is one of our finest trees for large grounds, It should not be planted ex= tensively in parksfor the trees are liable to be mitzylated bry boys attempting to get the nuts. Horse Ghestnut--A?sculus Hipnposastanum, Leaves large (1 to 2' long), broadly pinnate, leaflets 7, leaflets 4 to 12' long, apex pointed, broad and rounded with nerrow wedge-shaped base, finely serrated, voamiabieidens and vellowish green, thin and smooth, petiole 4 to 10' long, st ff and straight, leaves abundant on the ends of atiff Joe shoots, Flowers white, in large oven panicle in early May. It is the beauty and profusion of its flowers that gives it prominence for beauty in early spring. It has a smooth erect trunk with rather large, straight, short branches coming out at a height of 6 to 15° from the ground and at a wide angle with ieckenaie, often nearly hnori- zontal. The wpnrer branches have an erect tendency, The branches are densely covered with medium green foliage, The general — is broad with round head, very regular in outiine, It is a very fine lawn tree, giving a verv dense shede; this latter quality renders it undesirable for street - planting. It drops its foliage early in autumn and this would (11) he one objection to planting it in large mimbers. In graceful beauty and regular outline few trees equal it. dent Flowering Horse Chestnut--Ai sculus pubbitratin. Plowers in long (6-16'), slender, close terminal pani- ele; small, tubular, yeliowish, corolla small, stamens 2 to 3 times the length of the oorolla witness pink, The panicle having a yellowish-pink color and a feathery appearance, Leaves digilate, 3 to 7 leaflets, ob-ovate pointed or oblong, crenate, acute apex, base narrow and wedge-shaped, . slightly rugose, and dark green above, eanescent on under side, thin and tender, size of leaf & to 16!, the petiole be~ ing 4 to 8' long and borne on straight grav shoots, It is an erect crowing oni 6 to 8° ¢4all and spreading 6 to 12°. It sends up from 6 to 20 straight, strong, smooth shoots, which branch but little excert at their ends. The ‘bush is flat taped or nearly so and well covered with medium green foliage, it, is one of our most beautiful shrubs when in blossom in duly, Its numerous alee anenaee feathery, pani- cles are verv attractive, Rock or Sugar Maple--Acer awit or saccharinum, Leaves, 3 to 5 lobéd, base broad and Siete: lobes un- ign, acute pointed, auriculate or dentate; sinuses broad, shallow and rounded, surfaces smooth, upver surface of medium (12) gree, wider surface light green, Fruits in small drooping ~ panicles, seed vessels rounded, wings nearly paraiied, curved inward. it is a large, erect, spreading tree 1 to 3° in diameter and 80 to 70 ft, tall. Its branches are long, slender, and straight, and its lower ones are nearly horizontal. The tree is symmetrical, round-topped, and densely clothed with medium or dark green foliage. The maple family is very healthy, has Pew enemies and grows well on nearly all soils, This maple is of a slower growth than the silver maple, but it is longer lived and has a more rugged character and will thus stand more abuse, This last. qualification is very essential for a tree for street planting. Many writers consider it the hardiest and the fine est of our maples for ornamental purposes. All of the maples take on very oretty tints in autumn, White or Silver Maple--Acer saccharinum or dasycarvim, Leaves in close clusters at ends of smail shoots, deeply 3 lobed, lobes with 8 or yore small lobes and toothed, sin- uses acute and angular, base truncate, oolor lighi. green a- bove, silvery beneath, smooth, The tree is broad, spreading, somewhat open and quite (18) irremilar in form, Bark of trunk and pranches is smooth. The lower branches are nearly horigontal and are covered with anali, Slender, drooving branches, It is a rapid grower and one of our most valuable ornamental trees. It is a very pret- ty txes its foliage presenting as it does a silvery mass as the leaves are gently rmstled in the preeze, It is readily transplanted and is quite nardy, Its foliage does not take on as pleasing tints in autumn as many of the other maples, Tt shonid not be planted nearly as extensively as the sugar or norway maple. Red, Soft or Swamp Maple--Acer Ribmm, Plowers in small elusters on short veduncles two weeks before the leaves appear, scarlet color, Leaves three lobed or unequally Live lebed, base tmmeate or slightiy cordate, lobes pointed and unequally toothed, both surfaces smooth and light green above, pale or silvery below, petiole redish green, Pain This tree grows naturally on low wet soils in which loca=- tion it attains a very large size. amesoonstdesssic It thrives very well on rich uplend but here it attains a height of only 30 to 40° and is of a broad and somewhat irreg- ular form, ts red flowers are orten very abundant and are especially attractive. Its blossoms appear in April and at ms (14) . this time we have no other deciduous tree thet equals it in peaity,. Yorvay Manle--Acer ciabaickiak. Flowers, yellow, in smail erect coryribs, they appear at the same time as the leaves, Leaves, large, blade 8 to 6' x 5 to 10', 5 to 7 lobem lobes acutely pointed with few’ long, acute teeth, sinuses shallow and rounded , base tmineate or ine frequently cordate, smooth, medium green, its veins contain amilky juice, Fruits in small drooping raceme » sarge seod vessels, wings neoaa and £ivdeetos at a wide ine if: | In general form and appearance it resembles the sugar maple very mach. it has larger leaves and attains a greater growth. It often attains a height of 60 ow 70 ft. and is even hardier and longer lived than any of our native maples, As a tree for street rlanting it has few superiors,- Its fol- iage takes on brilliant tints in autumn; and it is easily grown and readily transplanted, a Sveamore Manlé--Aser qabdadoctthaus. Leaves, large, blade 4 to 6! » petiole B to 6', unequally 5 lobed or cleft, dower lobes small, broad, coarsely toothed with acute apex, sinuses narrow and aeute, palmately veined, medinm or daxwk green above, light green below, veins below ! | with a fine yellow mibescence, (X65) Fruits in small open panicle, seed vessel medium size, wings large, spreading, light green tinged with purple, This is the largest, and one of the hardiest, and most thrifty of maples, It attains a very great size in,compara- tively short period, It has an erect, compact growth and quite Sedid Sande and throws out strong ascending miaieee It is a valuable tree for extensive adic along hunetls - On large grounds and in public parks, Ash Leaved Maple or Box Elder--Negundo aceroides, Leaves pinnate, leaflets $8, leaflets oval, ovate or ob- ovate pointed, coarsely toothed, smooth, of bright medium green, on smooth, slender, bluish colored shoots, Fruits in large preeues drooping racemes, seed vessels slender and flattened, at angle of 40°, wings slender, not attractive. Ii, Forms a low, irregular, dense head with nearly horizon \ tai branches, It is hardy, easily trasplanted, and makes an oS excellent growth exeept in drv solls. It is used quite large} ly where immediate effect is desired, It produces a geod mass of foliage but it is inferior to all of the other maples mentioned, It should not be employed for permanent effect, Yelloyv Wood--CGladrastis tinctoria, Flowers in long (8-18! ) branching drooping panicles, (16) eotolie white, flowers very abundant and large, very strong sweet odor, Leaves 5 to 11 pinnate, 9 to 18' long, leaflets ob-ovate or broad oval pointed, peticie of leaflets 1/4! long, Jdaficts smooth, entire, light green, veins vellow, It forms a round compact head branching low with long, slender, smooth, horizontal hastening Tmink is very smooth and of a light brown color, it gives a thick close shade, In May or sarily June the tree is entirely covered with beau- tiful, fragrant, creamy-white flowers, At this season it is indeed a beautiful sight, It ‘ee very beautiful scdmentels tree, but until it gets well established it is liable to in- jury from severe winter weather, It is a desirable tree for planting in small grounds and for this purnose few trees out- rank it. Cottonwood, Necklace Poplar or Carolina Poplar-Pomius dolt cideagiionilifera, Leaves broadly deltoid or slightiy cordate, pointed apex, sinuate margins, glabrous, thick, petiole flattened near leat, leaf 83 x 4', hanging pendulous, This is one of our largest and the most rapid growing of our trees, The trunk varies from £ to 5 ft, in diameter, tapers very rapidly from the ground and has a thiek, rough bark, & 20 to 40 £t, from the ground it throws off large (17) upricnt branches. It attains a height of 70 to 80° gnd has a hroad flattenei head, spreading 59 to 60°. fhe branches forny a verv open head which gives an onen shade. ‘The large bran- ehes have mimerous slender, drooping, prittle branches, which are always moving about in ever the most gentlest breeze, It attains its Pull size in 20 to 50 years, It should be used in parks only for temporary effect. The male ¢trees are pre= ferable for planting as they bear no fruit, Tulip Tree--Liriodendron Tulipifera. Flowers solitary, at the ends of leafy shoots, large (p-4'), tulip shaped, of a yellowish green color. Leaves large (6x8'), 3 lobed, end lobe trmeate and notched, lobes with blunt point, each lobe with two or more aN . 3 oints, of a light soft ereen, petiole 6 to 4!, stipwle clas-= | ing. The tulin is a very large, rapidly growing tree. It has a large straight shaft and attainsaheignt of 70 to 120 ft. Few large, angular, horizontal or ascending branches extend om. atl ivregular intervals. It most frequently forms a nar row, open head, but sometimes forms a close head giving a foo0c shade. Foliage large and of a soft pleasing green. In cool moist soil no tree in eastern United States equals it in size, {t should be transplanted while young as it has few fibrous roots, For grandeur we have no tree that excseds it. Sargent speaks of it as being an excellent tree for street planting. Lind@a, Lime, Whitewood or Basswood--Tilia Americana. Flowers in small open irregular panicle, on a large (6! long), florai Bract, which comes fvem evita of leaves, pract linear, narrow at base, petioled and yellowish green, flowers small, yellow, very abundant, have atrong eweet odor. Leaves large (2-7' x 2-G'), broadly and obliquely cordate or truncate at base, apex acute, Plabrous, prominently ser- rate, leat twisted, medium green. The tmink is creet and rough barked, branches ascending or lower ones horizontal, It forms a narrow head densely eovered with light green foliage and ascends to a height of 50 to 60 ft. it is easily transplanted, grows rapidly on damp soil, will stand pruning well and is a very graceful handsome tree. It is a verv good ornamental as weil as shade tree, If serves equally well for large grounds, parks and for street nlanting. White Ash--Fraxinus Americana, Leaves pinnate, 7 to 9 leaflets, in clumps at theends. a on stout gray shoots, leaflets on short foot stalks, ovate pointed or oval pointed, base broad, medium green and glossy . (19) above, light green or silvery beneath, The trank is straignt, tall, and erect and nas a dark eray oorrmugated bark. It forms a slender narrow head, seldom branching low, It is distinet in form in that it seldom branches Lower than 20 to 30 ft, from the ground. When grown singly it forms a round compact head, bul. when grown in groups it is tali and slender and has a many top. is distainet form aids in giving variety in large grounds. Kentucskey Coffee-tree--Gymno cl@dus Canadensis. Leaves twice pinnate, 4 to 6 vairs of second leaf stalks each having 10 to 14 leaflets, one pair of leaflets borme on large petiole, leaf 1-1/2 to 2 feet wide by 1-1/2 to 8 feet long, deriiets ovate or ob-ovate, pointed, 1 to 2! long, smooth, entire, light green. The leaflets are turned edgewise toward the sun, The trimk is covered with a gravish bark roughened in thin seales, nead very open and irregular. Lower branches @~e ee horizontal and crooked, The branches tases put verv few branchlets each of which bears at its end three or four large leaves. 1% grows in deepIy rich soil from Canada to Kentuck= ey where it formas an important part of the forest, and attains a large size, It is very hardy in the north, has a distinct character, and when not in leaf it is wory odd diialinied no buds showing on its branches, It is a very valuable tree put. (20) should be planted only in small numbers, Sargent mentions it among a number of other trees for street planting. Gommon Lomist or False Aeacia--Robinia Prendacacia, Plowers in Sacué slénder racemes, on naked brancnes, yeduncle snort (1/2"), small, white, and exeeedingliy fragrant. Leaves ovoosite, pinnate, 10-16 LéeaSlets, leaflets oval or oblong-oval, smooth, entire, very dark green, General form of tree is erect, open, and Lower branches nearly norigontal, Tmink and large branches rough with few Slender twigs at ends of branches, In the latter part of May the tree is covere’ with drooping racemes of exceedingly ~ fragrant flowers, The tree has a general picturesque tendency, It is not a very desirable tree for ornamental purposes, xs often produces suckers from its roots, its leaves fall early and its trunk is often badly injured by borers. Garde: Oleaster--Hlacagnus Hortensis. Flowers, crnciferous, 1 to 3 in_axils of leaves, silve: OF vellowisn, scurvy, small and inconspicuous but er and very fragrant. Leaves, alternate, entire linear oval, upper side light freen with some scurvy spots, silvery scurvy beneath, on sil~ very BOULVY shoots, older wood of reddish brown color, This is a small bushy-like tree 15 to 30 ft, tall, (a1) spreading With lower branches curving dowrnwards, The roliage is very abundant and of a silvery green, Its abundant deli- eate Loliage pretty form and svlendid fragrance renders it a tree valuable for a conpsicuous position on the lawn. it is quite hardy and has few enemies, Double Rese dolored F WLAORN--Gratacgus oxveantha Slore- olenorosea, Plowers in small close corymbs on short leafy spurs, of light rose color, Leaves singly on young shoots or in bundles of 3 to 6 on older shoots, 3 lobed, cleft or parted, erenate, base wedge-shaped, terminal lobe often three lobed, smooth, thin and glossy, light green. It ean be grown in the form of a bush but preferably as atree., It forms a tree 15 to 25 ft. tall and a proad round head, It is often very irregular and open, The small rose colored flowers are very beahtiful and fragrant when in bloom in early Mev. This is only one of a great number of pietur- esque or beautiful thorns, Many of the thorns can very profitably be used on rocky hillsides, on broken ground and at conspicuous points about large grounds. Persian Lilac--Syringa Persica. Flowers corolla spreading with lobes reflexed, tubular (22) and slender, color lilac or Lilac-purple, flowers small, in open, loose clusters, clusters medium size and apundant, Leaves ovate lanceolate or tapering at the base, medium to dark green above, lagnt green below, smooth, entire, smaller, narrower and more abundant than on the 8, Vulgaris, it isa eoarse compact shrub of regular out Line and fine foliage. It does not grow as large as the vulgaris, it seldom attains a 7 height of more than 14 f7t. and about the same width, Ronen Lilac--S. Chinensis or rothomagensis. Flowers very showy, in short close cluster, corroila oven, lips large, aa or piurvlish, Leaves small (1/2 x at}, ovate, pointed, base truncate or narrow, light green 9™n red= dish brown shoots, This very closely resembles the Persian lilae in form and foliage, It is one of our finest lilacs and should be used to disrilace a vortion of our common lilac, = Josikaeca Lilac--Syringea Josikaea, Flowers in slender open panicles corolla with short lobes, light to dark purple. Leaves narrow, ovate, narrow at base e linear oval, margins rugose, and presenting a erenated aprearance, dark, glossy green above, light green or silvery below, petiole short (1/28 -1'), Tt is smaller and has a more refined nature than, (83) 3s wiigaris. It Yorms a compact mass of foliage down to the rena, The leaves are of a dark glossy green are erect and seldom injured by the hot sun. Its foliage is of a mich ; more cheerful nature than the common lilac. The faci that it blossoms about one month later than the etal. form adds greatiy to its value, Siberian Lilac--Syringa Siberica var. alba. Flowexrsecorolia small and slender, very light mirple, netal lobes white, in very open loose clusters. : Leaves onnte~iansediate, dark green above, are larger and broader than in the royen isiac, and are stiffer and thicker than in the common foum.. In form and fitness it maa resembles the persian lilac, Its flowers are very Light purvle and quite distinct in form and color from any of the others mentioned, Syringa villosa. Flowers in short, dense, broad panicle, corolla large ‘and prominent, light purple or nearly white, at the same season as the common lilac, be Leaves ovate, ob-ovate or nearly oval, pointed qt bhasé,y Tange (3:tor5! long), rugose, margins with very fine bristies, light to medium green above, very light green or silvery pe- neath, veins vellowish, A close tree-like shrub with very pretty foliage. It is ex- eellent to contrast its foliage with other syringias. Smoke-Tres, Purple Fringe or Venetian Sumach--Rhus Cotims Flowers aportive, in large onen panicles, the pedicels vein, and branch, and ape dovered with plume-like hair. Leaves ovel o> ch-cvete, 1 to 3! long, smooth, entire, medium ereen hie, light greer beneath, prominently veined, This is a large, coarse, compact shrub, and sparsely covered with leaves, f% is the nanicles of feathery mist-like flowers that cives the distinct character to the shmib, The large abil sere or flowers envelopve the whole bush with a yele lowish or mimplisn, fleeey cloud-like mass, It. retains this appearance throughout the greater part.of the dieses. It is most attractive when seen from a distance, and grouped with some other coerse ships, White FPrinze--Chionanthus Virrinica, Ss Flowers in long, loose, open vanicles, long, linear petals, white, Leaves narcow, oval, pointed at avex and base @® narrow ovate or ob-ovate, large, 8 to G' long, entire, upver surface Slabrous, light green and glossy, under surface canescent, soft. , in rorm it is a compact, oval tree-like shrub 8 to 15 ft, (25) tall, It fpuns a rownded mass of vieh, dark, glossy foliage, which turns to a crimson in autumn, In dune it presents a white fleeey mass of delicate fringed flowers, It has been long in cultivation but is very seldom used, It is worthy of the most eonsnicuous place on the lawn, Golden-leaved Elder--Sambucus Nigra var, anrea. Plowers in large (4-65') roundish cyme, small, white or eelgonien, eymes yerv abundant and quite pretty. Leaves cinnate, 5 to 7 leaflets, oval lanceolate or ovate lanceolate, serrate, sreenish or greenish golden color, The elder is .a large, roundish, compact shrub 5 to 10 £%. tall and very densely clothed with greenish golden leaves, It i8 a very vrettv shimb in ite Gece affording very good contrast with the light and dark greens. Its foliage is of- ten injured by the hot sun during the flowering veriod, After plossoming new growth takes slace and it looses mich ofits beauty, Sommon or Garland Mock Orange--Philadelpmus coronaris, Flowers in cymes or corymbs, small, corolla white, sta- mens mimerous, vrellow, Leaves otleng or qval pointed, with short petiole, sparac- ly smenatea, ouhescent. z (23) It is a tail, compact, rounded sarub with abundant fol- lage. No shrub excels it for profuse display of white, fra=- grant flowers, It is verv hardy, grows rapidly and needs but Little care, A variety of this, the Golden-leaved wock Orange is a very pretty dwarf, It attains a height of 8 to-B°ft. andis, especially attractive for its greenish golden foligge. It may be used as a Single specimen or to afford contrast of fol- iage in groups with viburnums, spireas, berberises, and honey- suckles, Cormon Snowbali--Viburnum ormlus sterilis. Flowers in compound, radiant, pendant eymes, aterile, form a large white ball & to 4' in diameter, Leaves 3 lobed, base truncate, lobes broad and coarsely toothed, of medium green, smooth. It is a large coarse anencae leaved shrub 10 to 15 ft, tall, Its large balis of snow-white flowers covering nearly the entire bush makes it one of our finest shrubs, and wadqucs- tionably the finest at its season. It is worthy of a posi- tion on nearly all grounds. Cranberry Tree--Viburnmum omiulus, Florers in flat umble-like cynes, marginal flowers mich # larger than the neutral ones, evmes 8 to 5! in diameter, white, (27) quite fragrant, Leaves 3 lobed, lobes pointed, toothed, mam ee eins pubescent, thin,smooth, light green, veins of golden color, petiole reddish green, Wis is a verv large shrab unlesstrimmed back, of a tree- like form and may attain a height of 20 to 25 ft, Its flowers are quite uxetty put are mich inferior to the cormon snowball, Its large clusters of fine red fruits remain until late in -ertumn, and at this season it is the finest of the genus. Bladder Wut--Staphylea trifolia. Flovers in small, slender, drooping snneinin: greenish white, with bright yellow stamens, 8 to 10 in each raceme. Leaves stcsat. leaflets three, ovate pointed, crenate, me- dium green and glossy above, light, colored and pubescent be- neatn, petiole iong (2-8') and slender, This is a large, coarse shrib 8 to 10 ft. tall, with shoots curving outward and downward, The flowers are small and in pretty drooping racenes, The flowers soon fall, The foliage is vary sparse, giving the shrub a very open appear >, ft is not considered a valuable shrub and is seldom # : Tartarian Honevysickle--Lonicera Tarfarica, Tliovers in axillary clusters on very leafy shoots, small, mink or vellowish, | Z (£8) ae Leaves oval or ovate, entire, small, base often cordate, 1 40 1-1/8 Long, more om less wrinkled and curved, dark green, smooth, This is one of our largest shrubs, often attaining a height of 12 to 15 ft. when full grown it forms a broad, spreading shmib with long reourving pranches often reaching nearly to the rrouns .rey It is very hardy, has few enemies and produces a ranid growth. Raxiv in May its small, fragrant, pink blossoms begin to anpear, and it. contimies to blossom for about a month. In July it is loaded with small, sear let berries, which often remain for a month or more, It has been lone in mitivation, is very covmon 4n shrubberies and it is attractive at all seasons of the year, = ‘Rose-colored Weigelia--Diervilla sieht Flowers in loose axillary clusters, corolla long; narrow, tubular, lobed, rose color, calyx lobes lanceolate, green, tomentose, versistent, ne ob-ovate pointed, petiole short, larcge (Bx), orenate, thick, erinkled, tomentose be- neath, dark green foliase abundant. it is a very pretty, medium sized shrub of spreading hab- it. It is only half hardy in this locality, being consider- abiv injured in winter, in this locality, but it is considered to be the hardiest of the penns, it snould ne planted in a protected location. (29) Borman Ruropnean Barberry--berberis vulgaris, Plowers in drooping, mary flowered racemes, very small, yellow, Leeves normound, petiole yery short, in the axils of sharp stiff spines, leaflets 5 to 9, ob-ovate apeiuiata, mam gin with small sharp spines, leaflets 1/2 to 1-1/2! long, dank green, This is a medium sized shrub of erect form with long recurving shoots, and is of symmetrical oval forn, It is sparsely covered with dark green foliage. “the Hioeden are very pretty and quite abundant. It is not nearly as attrac- tive as the purple-leaved variety, It is verv hardy and makes a rapid srowth, Pivpls Leaved Barberry--Berberis vulgaris var, purpurea, / Wlowers in small, drooping, many Plowered racemes, small, sepals purple with yellow margins to lobes, corolla veilow, Leaves in smali bundles $s axils of branched spines alone the ax ie of young shoots, ovate, margins spiny, pur- ple or greenish purple color, The chief difference between this and the species is the color of foliage and flowers. The foliage nas a fine dark purple color and the flowers and fruits are coloreg somewhat aifferently. The fruits are quite pretty and they remain until late autiwm, The value of this shrub lies in its color, (30) For crowning with the various shades of green and the golden tints it is s3&y excellent, Jopan Quince--Cydonia Japanica. Flowers in small axilieary clusters on short, stout spurs, large, conspicuous, bright red, very abundant. Leaves oval or ob-cordate, serrate, thickish, smooth, very glossy, dark green, This is.a large, broad, spreading shrub with part of its branches recurving and drooping. It attains a height of 6 to 10 ft, and spreads 10-14 ft, There is no early Prlowering shmib that equals it in-profuseness of brilliant flowers, Tt is among the first to blossom. its flowers appear pefore the leaves, they are of a dark red color and are produced in great abundence., It has but little beauty at other seasons or the vear, Jepanese or Remanas Rose--Rosa rugosa, Flowers large (2-3'), single, petals of purplish scarlet or white, calyx lobes linear lanceolate, presistent, tomen- tose, light freen, Leaves pinnate, 7 to 11 leaflets, leaflets oval or ovate, margins crenate, rugose, glossy, dark green above, lighter and tomentose beneath, stipules large, erenate, light green. (31) It is anerect, open shrub of medium size, attains a height or § to @ ft. It hes very pretiyv dark green foliage, which is otedaaels in abundance and maintains its beanty throughout the season, It is one of the few roses that has no insect _ or parasitic enemies, . It sontinues to blossom for nearly two months, producing fine large buds and an abundance of verv pretty roses, The heps are verv large, they turn to a red color and remain until late in autumn, This shrub is valua= bie for its healthy foliage, hardiness and for the continued beauty of its foliage, flowers and fruits, Spiraca Tmimbergii, Flowers in small umbels along the slender spray-like shoots, white, very small, very early. Leaves linear lanceolate, sharply erenated, omni. yol~ lowish green, This is 4 smal close growing shrub 8 to 5 ft, in height, It is the earliest of the svireas, often blossoming by the twentieth of April in this locality, and it produces an abun= dance of delicate white flowers, Its foliage is verv soft and victuresque. This is one of the finest of our small shriibs, it being attractive throughout the season, Plum-leaved Spiraca--Spiraéa prunifolia fl. pl. Flowers three to five in sessile umbels, double, white, e ee (aR) on short LS ery strimmer. closely prvi: iene the shoots 4 pedicels, thin, Leaves ovate-oblone, finely and sharply serrated, yo SLossyy aati, of medium to dark green color, ‘ _- This is one of the éarly flowering spiraeas, its blos- 3 goms apnearing in early May, 9 few days later than the Thun- pergii. It is hardy, and is pretty at all seasons of the year. Its foliage is of a delicate glossy green in spring, it later changes to a dark green and in autumn to a deep red color. In sige it varies from 3 to 7 feet. i Spiraea trirobata. Flowers in sessile umbels me closely leaved shoots, from 4 10 to 30 in each umbel, small, white, extremely abundant. Leaves wedzse oblong or on yvoing shoots large, broad, three lobed, and lighter green, 56 to 7 toothed at end, thin, dark green above, light green beneath, ofr eli the sniracas in cultivation there is none more extensively used than this, it is verv hardy as is nearly all of the gens, thrifty and ranid growing. In form it in broad, rouni topped, spreading with long slender reeurving shoots, 4 tt, spreads from 6 to 12 feet and is 4 to 7 feet tall. Its 2: _ foliage is of a bluish tint or of a dark green and verv abun= dant. it has a perfect bank of snow-white flowers when in (88) bloom, I+ is one of our best shrubs for extensive use and no aollection of shmibs is complete without it. Spiraea orenata. i Flowers in umbel-like corymbs, on leafy shoots, aaeyhs not 89 Scatinibalion as in trilobata, white. | Dida reins 1-1/4 to ©" long, erenate, light green, is a compact, low, regular, densely foliated shrub. ‘a It is r very good shrub but it nas many superiors, ‘. | Spiraca lanceolata, Flowers same as crenata except smaller. Leaves linesr or linear hanceolate, crenate, of medium preen color. In form and habit it is a low and spreading shrub with straight shoots, The foliage on the young shoots is light i" green and often of a golden color, It biossoms at about the Ae, ci Same time as trilelata. It has an abundanee of flowers and 4 : gracerul habit. I¢ is considered one of the finest shrubs ain , 2 enltivation, | ; 5 . | Golden-leaved Spiraea--Spiraca opilifolia var. aurea, E Flowers in short close panicles, pedicels situated close — ‘ together on the rachis, a rounded cluster of small white | : _ flowers, { BS 7 a " - ie L i - bs me (34) Leaves large, blade of leef 1 to 4' long, broad, coarsely grenate, color rolden eresn above, especiaily on the larger leaves, light green below, veins eveen. Few shrubs have a brighter and prettier golden colored ahan this et its blossoming period. It is of medium i‘varying from 3 s to 8 feet nign, and of strong rugged growth and hardy. tt is one of the most cheerful and pleas-= ing shmips grown, it is excellent to group with shrubs having green and purovle foliage, and is8 also well suited for use as a single specimen in an onening to enliven the sur- rounding s thite pede Pine--Pinus strobus. Leaves-indeterminate, 5 leaves in each sheath, sheaths 7 ~ “ 1G Lt or wanting, needle shaped, # to 6 long, triaenoular, very slender, bluish or silvery green to dark green, This is one of our largest formst trees, but on open grounds it attains a heisht of only 60 to 100 ft, It is irremiiar in fom with distinetiv stratified branches, The bark of the tmmk is rough and dark brown, Its branches aro long, slender, and horisontal or drooping slightly, It is of impreguler prromidal, and its trunk tapering gradually from the .sround. We have no pine in cultivation in this section, thet equals it in hardiness, picturesqueness, and beauty of foliase, <> Few erees are better adanvted ; for oe) reneral omamental cA (36) ournoses. It should not be planted on wet or neavy clay soils unless the pround is underdrained, Seotch Pine--Pinus sylvestris. Leaves, £ to 8-1/f) long, twisted, semicylindrical, 2 in eacn sheath, stiff, sharp blunt point, of a dull, silvery or binish green, on strong greenish shoots, In form this has a short, rounded head, quite regular in outline and of a general smooth apoearance, It frequertiv has a more slender form and is quite irregular, Branches are stout, irregular and well clothed, The bark of its trunk is rough and of a reddish or brown color, Tt usually attains a heicht of 30 to 60 ft, It grows rapidly in nearly all soils and is very hardy. it is not a tree of especial beauty, its foliagre being of a dull bliiiah green, but it is quite exten= sively used, For beauty it is mich excelled by poth the white and @ustritan vines. In its valk ee home. or where it takes on the victuresque form it is a very desirable tree, fustrian Pine--Pimis Austriaca. Leaves, two in each sheath on stout shoots, 8 to 6' long, semi ovlindrical, very stiff, sharm points, arranged in flose bunchessat end of branenes. Gone conical, &' long, seales smooth, in eluisters of two or three. (36) “whe bark of the trunk and branches is light to-veuy dark prown, rough and sealy,and the voung shoots ame of a yellow aqler, he branches are arranged in whorls 1-1/8 to 2 ft, apart, and extending nimiewitarie ey dmoooing slightly and curving up at the tins. The branches are large and strong, and have very larce buds at the ends of the twigs. These buds are -Jarger end more prominent than in anv of the other vines, “IM shape the tree when young has a conical form while the ol= der Bpecinens are round headed or ovate, This is one of the largest of the European pines often attaining a height of 56 Eto 60 £t. and sometimes 90 ft. This is a very handy SreCies, ee is even more hardy than the white pine as it does well “even on the heaviest clay soil, It grows very rapidly and _ is well suited to general Hieet ane, It has none of the beauty. ia _ delicateness and airy nature of the white pine. Mugho Pine--Pinns Muigho, a Leaves two in each sheath, & to 8' long, stiff, with y anti points, semi-cylindrical, dark green, on small shoots, cone 1/2 to 1! long, seales few and rough, in clusters | of two or more, ee.it bro:ad, ay | ay forms a low, Pound head from 6 to 12 ft, high ig and often 15 ft, in breadth, The branches are very close , together, making it a dense bush rather than tree, it often ae |).| ot ee es J See eeee (37) da sends up severnl central shoots, It has a rieh dark green eolor, is very wands and is more extensively used than any otner dwarf pine, It is one of the best evergreens for small grounds. Red ox Norway Pine--Pinus resinosa. Leaves, 2 in each sheatn, 5 to 8' long, in compressed clusters at ends of twigs, closely set on the braneh, inner side of leaf slightly hollowed, not stiff, very dark green. Cone 1-1/2 to 2-1/2" long, in clusters, seales not armed, The tree gets its name from the distinet red color of the tiummk. In form the tree is often conical with an ovate base and is quite irregular, Tt sends out large, horizontal, irmrerular branches in whorls 2 to 5 feet apart. in size it is somewhat smaller than the white pine, I% is a native pine lor strong and vigorous growth. it has a coarse, and open _epnearance. Nearly all writers consider this an inferior tree for ornamental purposes but in Michigan it does exceed- ingly well and is one of our finest pines, For artistic heauty I should consider it better than the Scotch or Austrian, Dwarf or Mountain Pine- Pinus mmilio, Leaves two in each sheath, slightiy diverging, stiff, 2 to 8-1/8! long, twisted, semi-cylindrical, very close to- getner, medium to dark green or silvery cast, hes ea oo 5 ee - : a . : : (38) +, This is a low creeping shruh spreading from40 to 80 ft, din diameter and only 2 to 4 ft, in height, , It is sometimes ~ of a bushy nature but is more frequently of the ereeving hab= at. It is weil suited for rock work or for the border of large grouvs of vines, Swiss Stone Pine--Pinus cembra. Leaves in bundles of 5, sheath obsoure, 1-1/2 to 8' long, A tal prown color. The branches are coarsely branched and iy 5 ‘slightly ascending. In shape it is erect, conical and slender, eat is a slow, close growing tree, regular in outline and sym- metrical, It attains a height of 20 to 40 ft, Ttis very Nozmvay Spruce--Picea excelsa, Leaves 1/6 to 1' long, medium green, four sided, stif?, uk i q thickly set on twigs. Sone 4 to 6' long, cylindrical, smooth, tapering at both (39) The branches are thickly set on the tree and are hori- zontal or drooning grecefuliy. In good soil it ot tenn a height of 60 to 90 f+. but by pruning back it ean be kept back so thet it'may be used in small growmds, In vom it is slight ly irreguiar but it conforms closely to a narrow conical. It is probably the most universally cultivated of the ever- greens, It presents a graceful appearance at ail stages of ~ its growth and at all seasons of the vear; but it should be understood that it often has a somber appearance in old age which renders it unfit to use in verv large mmbers, Some of the weeping varieties are especially beautiful in Mav and June, when the foliage is of a light green or bluish cast. White Syruce--Picea alba, Leaves 1/2) long, four sided, slender, blunt but sharp pointed, curved, medium or silvery green, The young shoots are of a gravish color, When the leaves are erushed in the hard they give off a pungent odor, Branches are horizontal with the ends curving upward, and they are very rigid and with many fine branchlets, It is a ine having a perfect, conical form and attains a height or 30 ‘is 50 f4. It preserves its dense mass of silvery or bluish Breen foliage, well with age, it is very hardy and grows well throughout all of the northern states, It is very formal in outiine but its delicate color gives it grace and beauty. (40) It is not nearly as desirable for extensive use as the norway ‘spruce. Solorado or Silver Spruce--Picea pungens. Leaves 1/2 to lt long, Slender, stifr, needle pointed, extending radially from the branchlets, incurved, medium to light green above, silvery beneath, The branches are stratified and thiekly set on the tree, and they are stiff and covered with many pranchiets. In sige it varies from 40 to 75 ft, it is one of the most beautiful spruces, it is a native and is adapted to widely varving conditions, but it seldom does well in a drv climate, It presents a compact conical form and maintains a beautinud Ddiuish ereen color throughout the season, % ‘si of rather ! Slow growth, In Sune it is the prettiest of the silver spruces, and there is no evergreen shrub that excels it in heauty when it is about 4 to 10 ft, tai, Oriental Svruce--Picea oriertalis., Leaves 1/4! iong, four sided, blunt, very thickly set on the branches and twigs, of a dark rich green, The branches are stall but are stiff, and are very finely branched at the end. The twigs are also very mich branched, and are densely clothed. It is a small, erect, conical tree, . quite regular in outline, and attaining a height of 80 to 40 (41) feet. It is a very pretty tree with a dense mass of pleasing foliage. It is not as hardy as man of the other species, Tt is used only in a verv . limited amount, Douglas Spruce--Picea TLouglasii, Leaves 5/4 te 4! lone thin, biunt, flat, arranged ra- dially around the branchlets, soft, light to dark green, The bark of the trunk is of a brown color and smooth while the young twigs are of a reddish cast, The branches have a graceful downvard sween with a curve upwards at the enis, and they are limber and sway gracefully in the wind. The branchlets are drooping, presenting a feathery aopearance. In spring the twigs terminate with verv pretty, red, ovate eonical buds, The tree has an erect, slender, irregular out= line, and somewhat open branches. in California its native home it attains a great ce size but east of the Rocky Mountains it seldom sitdiae 50 to 60 ft. in height, % is hardy in most sestions and does wel in all atiant tous except low wet places, It has a soft rich foliage, and is one of the most beau= tiftul and graceful of the evergreens, I+ should not be plant- ed in large mimbers; but no collection is complete without it. Balsem Fir--Abies balsamea, Leaves 1/2 to 2/4' long, flat, blunt at tips, arranged closely on the twigs, quite decidedlv flattened in two ranks, : : ; (42) medium io light green with silvery stripes beneath, The branches are smooth, slender, stiff, and extending 4 horizontally. . The young twigs are covered with a dense, fine, light brownfaubescence, It is an erect, conical tree ‘with dense silvery green foliage. It is very stiff and formal having but littie natural grace, When young it is very beau-= tirul, but when it approaches a height of 30 or 40 feet it is sure to take on a gloomy aspect. It is not hardy, and is geldom used by skiliful gardeners, i Nordmann's Silver Pir--Abies Yordmanii. ; Leaves 1/8 to £' long, flet, broad, toothed at the point, rs s han, a light. glossy green, flattened into 2 ranks, soft, | Per eicy stripes beneath, | The branches are prominentiy stratified and curve up- . ward at the ends. The prominently stratified appearance comes trom the flattening of the branchlets and twigs on the branch= lets into two ranks. It has a very regular pyramidal form, and reaches a height of 40 to 70 feet, It is one of the most beautiful of the silver ria It is hardy, and produces Pleasing effects at all seasons of the year and in ali stages of growth from five to thirty years after planting. Hemlock Spruce--Tsuga canadensis, . % Leaves, 1,8 to 3/4" long, two renked, flat, thin, peti- Oled, blunt at tip, medium green above, grayish beneath, (48 ) cones, 3/4" long, ovate, scales thin, regular, entire, of a reddish cast, drooving from branchlets, fhe bark of the trunk is of a dark brown color, and roughened by small thin seales. The branches have many, fine, flender, drooning prancniets, and are of drooping nature, when grown in light soil it forms an onen, airy, icieians tree, but when grown in rich humid soil it presents a compact form which is not.so0 delicate vet very graceful and more in keeping . with its natural form. It is a native of this state, and is + A natural grove of hemlocks is a very ie he sight. It is an excellent tree for rocky hillsides and for bleak exposures. It is often of very pieturesque form. It attains a height of 40 to 70 feet, Arericen Arbor-vitae--Thuva occidentalis, Leaves, seale-2ike; imbricated, blunt pointed, on flat branchiets, small gland near apex, light green or greenish yellow. | ; , | Gone 1/4 to 1/3! long, Oblong, scales thickened, no points, 5 to & in number, The branches are slender, novizontal or nearly so, rather stiff, with many small branches arranged in two ranks, It attains a height of 20 to 40 feet, It forms an erect pyra- mideal tree with narrow rounded top, Its foliage is of adi. © green varying but little with the season, It is mich inferior_ (44) to the firs and spruces 48 an ornamental tree. fhere are a larse mimber of dwarf varieties of it that are desirable for planting. The golden and the newth-ienved varieties are two of the best, Parsons says of the Thuyas "Thev are more lovely in winter than in summer, yet their winter tints are duli and f uninviting. Plume-like Retirispora--Thuve plumesa. Leaves, 1/8! long, narrow acute, bract-like, light green above silvery white on under side of branches, The »ranches are open, spreading, neerly erect, slender, with many; fine, two ranked branchlets presenting a beautiful plume-Like appearance. It grows to the height of 5 to 12 feet and has an ovate conical for, Its foliage is of a beautiful delicate green. It crows rapidly put is not very: hardy. It has several Hardy dient varieties that are worthy oF cultivation, Leaves 1/18 to 1/6' long, very small and scale-like on Pe young shoots, on older branches awl shaped, On some of the young shoots the leaves are awl-like, and svreading from shoots. (45) The branches are horizontal, stiff, slender, straight and with many small branchlets, It is of pyramidal habit, rasta. in outline and exowine from £0 to 60 feet high. When young it is of a sompact form with dense foliage, which is of a soft, pleasing, light green color; but when it reaches a height of 15 to 20 feet it. becomes more open, slightly irreg- ular, and the foliage mere on a brownish cast, It is exeeed= ingly hardy in the northern states, thriving well in any soil NN nmi, in bright sunlight and in shade. It is admira= bly adapted for use as a wind brake, Irish Juniper--Junipemis Hibernia, Leaves 1/4 to 1/8! long, in whorls of three's, slender, stiff, needle pointed, curved slightly, medium green beneath, striped with silvery white above, ‘The branches are slender and erect, It is ereet, very slender, spire-like, and has a very beautiful silvery green color in summer, which changes to a brownish cast in winter, The Irish Junipers are among the most beautiful of the juni- pers, and they are hardy. They are most attractive in winter when their spire-like forms peer above the snow. They necd protection in winter but as this is the time when we enjoy their beauty most, they are seldom protected, ‘Their chief use is to give variety to form.