Canine multicentric large cell lymphoma shares many similarities to Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in humans. Both human and canine large cell lymphoma require chemotherapy and chemotherapeutic toxicities can result in limiting factors for the compliance of the treatment and the better outcomes. The gut microbiome is the assembly of genomes of the microorganisms in the GI tract. The gut microbiome is compositionally changed by many factors, such as GI diseases, diet, and chemotherapy administration; the clinical significance of the changes remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to describe the change in gut microbiome in a clinically well-characterized population. Also, we tried to explore the correlations between the changes in the gut microbiome and chemotherapeutic toxicities. Twenty dogs were included. In this study, 32 GI toxicities and 42 neutropenia events were identified, but there was no correlation between the relative abundance of the gut microbiome and chemotherapy toxicities. We observed a dynamic compositional change in the gut microbiome over the first 10 weeks of the CHOP protocol. The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae in the GI toxicity (P=0.0205) and Both (P=0.0089) groups significantly decreased and the relative abundance of Fusobacterium.uncultured significantly decreased (P=0.0197) in the Both group, compared to the No toxicity group. Further data analysis of the compositional change in the gut microbiome during chemotherapy is needed.
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