Illegal hunting of wildlife, also known as poaching, in Chiquibul National Park (CNP) may be contributing to decreasing wildlife populations. Management strategies are limited due to a lack of information on the extent of poaching and motivations of poachers. The objectives of this research are to assess the extent of poaching, to address Guatemalan border community residents' understanding of wildlife in CNP and what animal species are targeted by hunters, and to investigate factors affecting poaching in CNP and Guatemalan border residents' perceptions about poaching in CNP. These objectives were addressed by (1) synthesizing information found in CNP Ranger field notebooks and reports, (2) interviewing Guatemalan border community residents, and (3) interviewing authorities in Guatemala and Belize. Guatemalan border community residents perceived a lower level of poaching in the CNP than CNP rangers, but both thought that poaching has decreased over the years. CNP rangers considered poaching to be a danger to wildlife in the area, and they thought that wildlife numbers have suffered due to poaching. This research demonstrated little support for the hypothesis that legal regulations and the enforcement of regulations are factors that contribute to whether respondents view other community members as contributing to poaching. However, the subsistence needs of hunters and their families is an important factor affecting residents' decision to poach. When subsistence was included in a logistic multivariate regression with legal regulations, regulations lost significance and subsistence was highly significant. Subsistence needs appear to be worth the risk of being caught poaching by authorities.
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