GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS, AND FEEDER CALF VALUE OF BEEF × HOLSTEIN AND HOLSTEIN FEEDLOT STEERS

ABSTRACTGROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS, AND FEEDER CALF VALUE OF BEEF × HOLSTEIN AND HOLSTEIN FEEDLOT STEERS By Melanie Pimentel-Concepción This study evaluated and compared feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of B×HO and HO steers so that subsequent value could be calculated. Beef × Holstein steers did not show improved health in terms of morbidity or mortality when compared with their HO contemporaries. Hip height and frame scores were lower for B×HO, showing this one major packer concern could be improved. Crossbreds had a tendency for greater average daily gain (ADG), as well as having a greater gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), demonstrating that they were more feed efficient than their HO contemporaries. The dry matter intake (DMI) was similar between breed types. Even though the live final weight tended to be lesser for the B×HO, hot carcass weight (HCW) was similar. Similarly, dressing percentage and kidney, pelvic, and heart fat were not different. Fat thickness (FT) and longissimus muscle area (LMA) were greater for the B×HO, with no differences observed for marbling score when compared with the HO. Calculated USDA Yield Grade was lower for B×HO, demonstrating they had greater yield compared with their HO counterparts. In agreement, LMA:HCW was greater for B×HO, further demonstrating their greater yield and muscling compared with the HO steers. Empty body fat was not different (at an average of 28.0%) for the B×HO and HO steers, consistent with the study design to harvest on a similar basis. The USDA Quality Grades were not different for those grading Select or higher. Cost of gain was $0.17/kg lower for the B×HO. Compared with the HO, the B×HO had a $11.39/100 kg greater carcass value and, similarly, their breakeven feeder calf cost was $63.44/100 kg greater. Overall, health and DMI were not different between breed types. Beef × Holsteins tended to have better gains, were more feed efficient, and produced carcasses with greater muscling, FT, and better yield. Furthermore, B×HO had a lower cost of gain and greater carcass value, revenue, and breakeven feeder calf cost compared with their HO contemporaries. Future work should focus on studying specific sire breeds so that their influence on the traits discussed can be expanded on to reduce variability within a breed type.