THE DISTRIBUTION OF MICHIGAN MOSQUITOES By CALVIN ERNEST PEDERSON A THESIS Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science in partial fulfill­ ment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Entomology 1947 ProQ uest Number: 10008733 All rights reserved INFO RM ATIO N TO ALL USERS The quality o f this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy subm itted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete m anuscript and there are m issing pages, these will be noted. Also, if m aterial had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQ uest 10008733 Published by ProQ uest LLC (2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This w ork is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code M icroform Edition © ProQ uest LLC. ProQ uest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 4 8 1 0 6 - 1346 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer expresses his thanks to Professor Ray Hutson, under whose'direction this work was completed, for his suggestions and guidance; to Associate Professor E. I, McDaniel for her assistance in providing special lots of material which added considerably to the distribution records; and to Mr. C. W* Sabrosky, formerly assistant Professor, who left his personal collection of mosquitoes so that the records could be used in this thesis. Thanks are also due to Mr. John M. Hepler, Director of the Bureau of Engineering, and the other administrative of­ ficials of the Michigan State Board of Health who so kindly al­ lowed the use of all the material and records from the Mosquito Surveys of 1944 and 1945, and for the interest they showed. The cooperation of the officers of the U. S. Public Health Service who did the determinations and entered these on the record sheets, was most valuable in that it provided large quantities of data which is the product of many months of careful study by their technicians. 188983 ii CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ............................................. OBJECTIVE 1 3 METHODS AND PROCEDURE . .................................. DATA 4 6 A Synoptic List of Michigan Culicinae ......... A Tabulation of State Board Mosquito Survey of 1944 of Health and 1945 DISCUSSION OF THE MICHIGAN SPECIES ........................ 7 10 11 CONCLUSIONS 28 SUMMARY 30 LITERATURE C I T E D ............................................ 32 DISTRIBUTION MAPS Key and Index to Maps Maps (Nos* 1 through 48) iii -1- INTRODUCTION The first published records on Michigan mosquitoes were those given by R. H. Pettit (21) in 1903. He listed eleven species, of which one, Conchyliastes musicus. is not a mosquito as this term is applied in this thesis but belongs to the same family as the mosquitoes. No other reports for Michigan followed until those of H. G. Dyar (5) ' in 1922 when he recorded Anopheles walkeri Theo. from Ft. Custer at Battle Creek and cited a collection of Psorophora ciliata (Fab.) made by Pettit in 1896 at the Michigan Agricultural College. Robert Matheson collected in the Douglas Lake area of Michigan in 1922 and reported his findings in 1924 (14) the growing list. . He listed seventeen species and thereby added to Jewell and B r o w n , while working on northern Michigan bog lakes, revealed the presence of two additional species in the State. (17) E. I. McDaniel , in her bulletin on flies and mosquitoes, appended a list of mosquito species which was intended as a list of species likely to be found in Michigan. Another species, Uranotaenia sapphirina (O.S.), was reported for the State by E. H. Hinrnan Then, in 1941, H. Irwin (8 ), by (7) in 1935. referring to the previous re­ ports as well as the information he received from studying all the available Michigan, material» reported forty-three species for the State. There has been no published report of new species records since Irwin's (9,10) list appeared. Irwin followed with two papers m 1942 and 1943 which gave more information on the species taken in Cheboygan County. -2- (23,24) C. W. Sabrosky, in his reports on the malarial mosquito survey of 1943, uncovered many new records of anopheline species in the southern counties of the State. The success of the 1943 survey prompted the State Board of Health to undertake a state-wide mosquito survey. With the cooperation of the Department of Entomology of Michigan State College, and the U. S. Public Health Service, they carried out this survey during the summer months of 1944 and 1945. The voluminous material from this survey provides so many new records for species and adds so materially to the previously reported distributions that it prompted the writer to choose this title for thesis presentation. -3- OBJSCTIVE The object of this thesis is to present the distribution, bycounties, of each species of mosquito that is known for Michigan, and to indicate, where possible, whether the record applies to adult or immature stages. The term "mosquito", as used in this thesis, will apply only to members of the Subfamily Culicinae of the Culicidae after the classification of Matheson (16) -4- METHODS AND PROCEDURE The identification of the collections made by the State Board of Health was made by entomologists of the U. S. Public Health Service. The numbered collections, identification records, field record sheets bearing the collection numbers and collection data, and the field "diaries" of the collectors were all turned over to the writer. After random checks were made on the identifications in an attempt to dis­ cover discrepancies, a compilation was made on the numbers and distribution of all the species, noting for each collection whether it was composed of adults or immature stages. Using a separate map for each species, the records obtained were entered by counties (i.e., the stages and sex of the adults are shown in the counties where they were found). Besides the State Board of Health survey material, there were a large number of specimens available from the personal collection of C. W* Sabrosky and the collection of the Department of Entomology. of these had been determined by competent entomologists. Most The records obtained from these were interpolated with the records of the State Board of Health survey on the distribution maps. In addition, the literature was reviewed for the purpose of finding all records on Michigan mosquitoes. All those found were checked for synonomy and also interpolated on the maps. All published records, which indicate county or localtiy, are represented on the distribution maps by lines drawn under the name of the county in which the species was collected. 5- Th© mosquito distribution records of a number of the northern states and near-lying provinces in Canada were studied and employed in the discussion of the Michigan species. A review of these records also gave indications of what additional species may be found in Michigan at a later date. The studies which were selected for the various states and provinces are as follows: New Hampshire, Lowry Harmston (3 ) ' and Iowa, Rowe ; Maine, Bean (^) ; Wisconsin, (l) (15,16) (20) ; Indiana, Christensen and Dickinson (^) ; Minnesota, Owen (19 }; . (25) , Ozburn (20) and Wishart and James (26) ; and Manitoba, In the discussion of the Michigan species these are refer­ red to only by abbreviation of the state or province and the reference number. ; (22) C1^) (13) ' ; North Dakota, Munro and Saugstad ; Montana, Mail ; Ontario, Twinn Ozburn Hart (12) New York, Matheson The works of Matheson (16) and Carpenter et. al. (2) were the source for information on general distribution and only the reference numbers are used in referring to them. -6- DATA The data are limited to a synoptic list of the species known for Michigan, as revealed by this study, and a gross tabulation of the records from the State Board of Health survey to show the approximate numbers studied and the relative numbers of specimens for different species. Records from the literature, from the study of the Entomology Department collection, Michigan State College, and from the personal collection of the C. W. Sabrosky are, as al­ ready indicated, included on the maps made from these data. -7- A SYNOPTIC LIST OF MICHIGAN CULICINAE* ANOPHELINI. Tribe ANOPHELES Meigen, Genus Anopheles Meigen, Subgenus 1. Anopheles (Anopheles) barber! Goquillett 2m occidentalis Dyar and Knab 3. punctipennis (Say) 4. quadrimaculatus Say 5. walkeri Theobald OULICINI. Tribe ABDES Meigen, Genus Ochlerotatus Lynch Arribalzaga, Subgenus 6. Aedes (Ochlerotatus) aboriginis Dvar 7. aurifer (Coquillett) 8. caxopestris Dyar and Knab 9. canadensis (Theobald) 10. communis (DeGeer) 11. diantaeus Howard. Dvar and Knab 12. excrucians (Walker) 13. fitchii (Felt and Youne) 14. flavescens (Muller) 15. impiger (Walker) 16. implacabilis (Walker) 17. intrudens Dyar 18. lateralis (Meigen) -3- (Synoptic list, Oullcini. continued) 19* Aedes (Ochlerotatus) pullatus (Coquillett) 20. punctor (Kirby) 21. riparius Dyar and Knab 22. spenceri (Theobald) 23. sticticus (Meigen) 24. stimulans (Walker) 25. trichurus (Dyar) 26. trivittatus (Coquillett) Finlaya Theobald, Subgenus 27. Aedes (Finlaya) atropalpus (Coquillett) 28. triseriatus (Say) Aeditnorphus Theobald, Subgenus 29. Aedes (Aedimor phus) vexans (Meigen) Aedes Meigen, Subgenus 30. Aedes (Aedes) cinereus Meigen CPLEX Linnaeus, Genus Neoculex Dyar, Subgenus 31. Culex (Neoculex) apicalis Adams Culex Linnaeus, Subgenus 32* Culex (Culex) pipiens Linnaeus 33. restuans Theobald 34. salinarius Coquillett 35. tarsalls Coquillett -9- (Synoptic list, Gulicini. continued) Melanoconion Theobald, Subgenus 36. Gulex (Melanoconion) erraticus (Dyar and Knab) 37. j peccator Dyar and Knab OULISBTA Felt, Genus Glimacura Howard, Dyar and Knab, Subgenus 38. Guliseta (Climacura) melanura (Coquillett) Guliseta Felt, Subgenus 39. Guliseta (Guliseta) impatiens (talker) 40. incidens (Thomson) 41. inornata (Williston) 42. morsitans (Theobald) PSPROPHORA Robineau-Desvoidy, Genus Psorophora Robineau-Desvoidy, Subgenus 43. Psorophora (Psorophora) ciliata (Fabricius) Janthinosoma Lynch Arribalzaga, Subgenus 44. Psorophora (Janthinosoma) ferox (Humboldt) MANSOInHA Blanchard, Genus Goquillettidia Dyar, Subgenus 45. Mansonia (Goquillettidia) perturbans (Walker) QRTHQPQDOMYIA Theobald, Genus 46. Orthopodomyia sp. WYBOMYIA Tlieobald, Genus 47. Wveoiayia smithii (Coquillett) URANQTAEHIA Lynch Arribalzaga, Genus 48. Uranotaenia sapphirina (Osten Sacken) *Arrangement according to Matheson -10 A TABULATION OF THE STATE BOARD OF HEALTH MOSQUITO SURVEY 1944-1945 Species Total Total Adults Larvae ____ ________________ & Pupae Grand Percent Total for of Total Species___________ _ Anopheles punctipennis 1,541 9,371 10,912 27.8 Anopheles auadrimaculatus 4,296 2,934 7,230 18.4 Culex apicalis 153 5,288 5,441 13.9 Culex restuans 350 3,501 3,851 9.8 1,199 606 1,805 4.5 Anopheles occidentalis 579 1,091 1,670 4.3 Culex pipiens 309 1,248 1,557 4.0 Aedes stimulans 1,426 8 1,434 3.7 Aedes sticticus 1,041 3 1,044 2.7 846 --- 846 2.2 13 668 681 1.7 Aedes canadensis 533 66 599 1.5 Aedes cinereus 329 13 342 0.9 33 298 331 0.8 Culiseta morsitans 229 3 232 0.6 Aedes fitchii 159 38 197 0.5 Aedes communis 172 --- 172 0.4 Aedes excrucians 136 136 0.3 Aedes trivittatus 122 3 125 0.3 487 161 648 1.7 13,953 25,300 39,253 100.0 Aedes vexans Manson!a perturbans Uranotaenia sapphirina Anopheles walkeri All others not listed TOTALS DISCUSSION OF THE MICHIGAN SPECIES In the following discussion each species is treated separately. The order in which the species are discussed is the same as the arrange­ ment in the synoptic list, on pages 7 to 10, and the appended distribution maps. Although the distribution maps give the range and detail distribu­ tion of each species much more clearly than would be possible by listing each collection made, they do not give the authorities for the old re­ cords (i.e., the underlined county names indicate that the species was previously reported from these counties but no references are cited on the maps). The references that apply to these old county records are cited in the discussion which follows. 1. Anopheles (Anopheles) barberi Goq. As far as is known, the two males collected by F. D. McCoskey in Newaygo County on July 24, 1944 and determined by C. F, Gerlach are the first records for this species in Michigan. On August 19, 1944, D. M. Pierce collected another male from Menominee County. During the 1945 survey one female was taken in Ionia County and another in Oceana County. (15) (3) This species was reported for New YorkK ' and Indiana This small tree-hole breeder occurs throughout the eastern half of the United States and M e x i c o ^ * ^ ^ . 2. Anopheles (Anopheles) occidentalis D. & K. This is the same species as Anopheles maculipennis of most American authors (not Meigen). Pettit (21) in 1903. Matheson It was first reported for Michigan by (14) reported in 1924 that he had collected -12- both adults and larvae of this species. counties in the Lower Peninsula. Irwin Sabrosky (8) (23) recorded it for ten added one more county. He failed, however, to collect the larvae of this species in a survey of 1943 (24) , and only a few scattered larval collections were made in 1944 and 1945 in the areas which Sabrosky had covered. But north of the Bay City-Muskegon line, A. occidentalis was taken in every county in the Lower Peninsula and in all but two counties of the Upper Peninsula. The general distribution of this species includes Canada and the northern United States as far south as into California and Nebraska^16 ^. Indiana^ It was found in New York^15\ New H a m p s h i r e , M a i n e ^ Wisconsin^^ , M i n n e s o t a ^ ^ , M o n t a n a ^ ^ , and in the province of O n t a r i o , 3. Anopheles (Anopheles) punctipennis (Say) This species was also reported by Pettit Matheson (14) recorded adults and larvae. number of counties, and Sabrosky (24) Irwin (8) (21) in 1903. reported it for a found the larvae of this species in all but one of the counties which he visited in 1943. The 1944 and 1945 survey disclosed it to be the dominant species in the State. It represented almost twenty-eight percent of the total specimens and over thirty-seven percent of the total immature stages. the collections of all but two counties. found in larger numbers as adults. It was present in Only A. quadrimaculatus was Very large numbers of larvae and pupae were collected in the Upper Peninsula counties but very few adults were found in this region. This species occurs throughout most -13- /o of the United States and southern Canada and on the Mexican tablelands , New Hampshire It was found in New York Wisconsin 4. Minnesota t Maine^ \ *1 C % * I ndiana^^, Iowa(22), Montana^13'*, and. Ontario^20’25^ Anopheles (Anopheles) quadrimaculatus Say On the basis of adult capture, this was the dominant species in the State during the State Board of Health survey. It is probably more correct to say that it was the dominant species in the southern half of the State as it has never been found in the Upper Peninsula, and very sparingly in the northern counties of the Lower Peninsula. Sabrosky (24) , in his anopheline survey of 1943, found that A. quadrimaculatus represented about 88 percent of the adult anophelines and 75 percent of the larvae. Irwin (8 ) (24) reported this species for six counties, and Sabrosky' in all but one of the counties in which he collected. * found it It is commonly re­ garded as a southern species, but its range extends into most of the northern states and parts of southern Canada New Y o r k ^ ^ ’^ \ New Hampshire , Maine (16) . It is recorded from Indiana^^, Wisconsin^^ Minnesota^19), Iowa^22^ and Ontario^ 2 0 •2 6 \ 5* Anopheles (Anopheles) walker! Theo. D id range of this species extends throughout most of Michigan yet it was collected rather sparingly in the surveys, particularly as adults. This was probably due to the resting habits of this mosquito as noted by Matheson by Dyar Irwin (5) . The species was first reported for Michigan from specimens sent to him from Ft. Custer near Battle Creek (8 ) recorded it for six counties. (24 ) Sabrosky' 4 collected it in nineteen of the thirty-one counties he visited. The range of this -14- species extends from the Gulf of Mexico into southern Canada northern range it was reported from New York M a i n e ^ , Wisconsin^ 6* \ Minnesota ^1 (is) . , New Hampshire In its (l2) , Iowa^22^ and Ontario^20»26^. " \ Aedes (Ochlerotatus) aboriginis Dyar The five females taken by Irwin the only specimens known for Michigan. (8 ,10) in Cheboygan County are Matheson^^ gives the distribu­ tion of this species as the coastal area from Washington to Alaska. As far as is known, there is no nearer report on record. 7. Aedes (Ochlerotatus) aurifer (Coq.) Matheson (14) reported this species from Michigan in 1924. was later reported from Emmett and Cheboygan counties by Irwin It (8 ) . The State Board of Health survey found It in seven additional counties, five of which are in the Upper Peninsula. The general distribution of the species is the northern United States west to Minnesota and Ontario It has been collected in New Y o r k ^ 5^, New Hampshire , Maine W i s c o n s i n M i n n e s o t a ^ ^ t and Iowa^22\ 8* Aedes (Ochlerotatus) campestris D. & K. (8 ) Irwinv ; reported this species from Midland County. Females of the species were found in three more counties during the 1944 and 1945 survey. It has a wide range, but mostly northern W i s c o n s i n ^ , Minnesota^19^, Iowa^22\ and Manitoba 9. (16) . North Dakota^18\ It was found in Montana^13\ (20) Aedes (Ochlerotatus) canadensis (Theo.) First reported from Michigan by Matheson recorded from eight scattered counties by Irwin (14) (8 ) . , this species was Later surveys have -15- shown it to be generally distributed throughout the State. encompasses most of North America^1^ . New H a m p s h i r e M a i n e Indiana^3 Its range It was found in New York^15\ , Wisconsin^4 ^,Minnesota^19^, Iowa^*^ , M o n t a n a ^ ^ and Ontario 10, AedeS (Ochlerotatus) communis (DeQeer) Matheson(^) also reported this species fromMichigan. cited collections from five counties. Irwin^^ The later surveys indicate that its Michigan distribution is mostly northern, which coincides with its forest breeding preference. around the earth Maine H- (16) , Wisconsin It occurs throughout the northern temperate zone . It has been found in New York , Minnesota , Montana (15) (12) , New Hampshire , , and Ontario Aedes (Ochlerotatus) diantaeus H . , D. & K. The only Michigan records for this species are those of Irwin It was reported from New Y o r k ^ ^ , New H a r n p s h i r e ^ , M a i n e ^ \ M i n n e s o t a ^ ^ and Montana (13) . It is a rare species in the northeastern states and is found westward into the northwestern states and western Canada and also , Europe Tn (16) in 12* Aedes (Ochlerotatus) excrucians (Walker) M a t h e s o n r e p o r t e d this species for Michigan in 1924. listed it for fifteen counties. Irwin^^ The mapping of the records at hand show it to be scattered throughout the state, although it was taken in compara­ tively small numbers during the State Board of Health survey. A number of the county records are from specimens in the Entomology Department col­ lection and from Mr. Sabrosky's personal collection. This species was found in New York^15^ , New H a m p s h i r e , M a i n e ^ ^ , Minnesota^1^ -16- (13) f2 5 ) Montana' , Ontario' and its general distribution is throughout much of northern United States, Canada and northern Europe and northern A s i a ^ ^ . 13* Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fltchii (E. & Y.) This species was also reported from Michigan by M a t h e s o n . (8 ) Irwin' ' had records on it from seventeen counties which covered most of the state. Comparison of the distribution map of this species with that of A. excrucians will bear out the statement by Matheso £16) that these species are generally associated in their breeding areas. found in New Y o r k ^ ^ , New H a m p s h i r e , Maine M i n n e s o t a ^ ^ , I o w a ^ ^ , Mont ana A. fitchii was Wisconsin^\ , and Ontario Its general distribution is throughout United States and Canada (16 ) 14* Aedes (Ochlerotatus) flavescens (Muller) This species was reported for three Michigan counties by Irwin One male was collected in Kent County in May, 1938. No records were obtained for this species during the State Board of Health survey. was found in Wisconsin (4) , Minnesota (19) , Iowa (22) , and Montana (13) It . It is a species of the great plains, the western United States, Canada, Alaska, and Europe 15* (18) • Aedes (Ochlerotatus) impiger (Walker) This is undoubtedly the species Pettit (21) reported Although reported for three scattered counties by Irwin only once during the State Board of Health survey. as Culex impiger. (8 ), it was taken Its range extends from the forested Canadian regions, and northern United States south to California and Colorado. Minnesota^9^ , Iowa^22\ 16. It was found in New York Montana^13\ (15) and Ontario^25^. Aedes (Ochlerotatus) implacabilis (Walker) , New Hampshire (1?) -17- /0 \ This species was reported by Irwinv from Cheboygan County. The distribution map of this species does not show the true extent of this species in Michigan because females of the species are not distinguishable from Aedes punctor* Therefore, the females of the two are recorded jointly on a special map, no* 20a. One male was collected in the surveys and is included in the A. implacabilis map* The species was reported for New Y o r k ^ ^ , New H a m p s h i r e , Maine Wisconsin^^ and O n t a r i o . States 17. Its range is over the eastern United . Aedes (Ochlerotatus) intrudens Dyar Matheson reported this species for Michigan in 1924. (8 ) recorded for thirteen counties by Irwinv J. It was The State Board of Health survey added very little to the general distribution as reported by Irwin, except for one collection made in Berrien County. It was re­ corded for New Y o z * h ^ ^ , New H a m p s h i r e , M a i n e , Wisconsin^^ , M i n n e s o t a ^ ^ , Montana^1^ and O n t a r i o I t iy throughout northern United States and Canada. 1*8• is distributed general(16) «Ae&e3 (Ochlerotatus) lateralis (Meigen) Irwin^***"^ reported this species for three counties. record has been added, No (16) Matheson'1 ' gives the general distribution of the species as northwestern United States and northward into Canada. Except for Irwin*s record, this species has not been reported farther east than Montana 19. (13) Aedes (OchlerotatU3) pullatus (Coq.) This species was reported for three counties by Irwin (8 ) . The -18* State Board of Health survey found it in two additional counties as well as in one of the counties which had been reported by Irwin. Like for A. lateralis. the nearest report for this species is M o n tana^3^ and its general distribution is from Colorado to the Yukon 20. (16 ) Aedes (Ochlerotatus) punctor (Kirby) (14) This species has been reported for Michigan by Matheson /Q IQ \ and Irwin * . The latter reported it in four counties. The State Board of Health survey added two more counties. As noted before (see the discussion of 1, implacabilis) any females of this species will be recorded on map No. 20a together with those of A. implacabilis. A. punctor is recorded for New Y o r k ^ ^ , New Hampshire^^^, M a i n e ^ \ (4) (19) (13) (25) Wisconsin' » Minnesota' , Montana' and Ontario' , and it is generally distributed in the northern United States, Canada, Europe (is) and northern Asia^ ' . 21. Aedes (Ochlerotatus) riparius D. & K. Irwin Counties. (8 ,10 ) recorded this species for Emmet and Cheboygan It was found in four more counties by the State Board of Health survey. Of general distribution in southern Canada and north- ern United States (16 ) (l , this species was reported from New York' , Wisconsin^^ , M i n n e s o t a ^ ^ , I o w a ^ ^ \ and M o n t a n a ^ . 22. Aedes (Ochlerotatus) spenceri (Theo.) She only Michigan records for thi3 species are those of Irwin (8 ,10) It was found in Vlisconsin^^ , M i n n e s o t a ^ ^ , Iowa^*^ , and Mo n t a n a ^ 3^. It is a species of the prairie regions of the United States and Canada 23. Aedes (Ochlerotatus) sticticus (Meigen) This species was reported from Michigan by Matheson (14) and . -19- Irwin (8 ,10). It was found to be generally distributed over most of the state when the State Board of Health survey was made. in the total of aduLts taken in this survey. Known for most of the states west to the Rockies and north into Canada^16 \ corded for New York^ Minnesota^ 24. It ranked fifth it has been re­ New Hampshire^*^, M a i n e I n d i a n a ^ 3, Iowa^*^ , Montana^ and Qntario^3^ . Aedes (Ochlerotatus) stimulans (Walker) This species was first reported for Michigan by Pettit Matheson (14) counties. listed it in 1924, and Irwin (8) reported it for eleven This species is well represented all over the state and ranked third in the total adult count in the survey. New York^**\ New Hampshire Iowa^ (2i) \ It was found in # M a i n e W i s c o n s i n ^ \ M i n n esota^^, M o n t a n a ^ 3 ^, Manitoba^*^ and O n t a r i o g e n e r a l ­ ly distributed throughout the northern United States, Canada and up into the Yukon 25. Aedes (Ochlerotatus) trichurus (Dyar) (14) Matheson' reported this species in 19 24 as A. cinereoborealis F. & Y. I r w i n ^ * ^ ^ had specimens from six counties, all in the Lower Peninsula. The State Board of Health collectors found the species only in the two westernmost counties of the Upper Peninsula. It has been reported from New Y o r k ^ ^ , New H a m p s h i r e ^ ^ , Maine fflisconsin^^ , Minnesota (19) Montana (13) and Ontario (25) . It occurs in the wooded regions of southern Canada and the northern United States west to the Rocky Mountains 26* (16) Aedes (Ochlerotatus) trivittatus (Coq.) There is no published report of this species for Michigan. Two -20- females and two males were collected at St. Joseph, Berrien County in June, ^942 by C. W. Sabrosky* He also collected another female in Allegan County in July, 1942. These specimens were determined by Allan Stone. During the State Board of Health survey, one hundred twenty-two females of this species were collected in twenty-four counties, two of these counties being in the Upper Peninsula. larvae were also found. The species is reported as wide-spread in the /-] \ eastern and northern United States New Hampshire Three , . , Maine^^, Indiana^* /-I It was found in New York , Wisconsin^^ , Minnesota^9^ , I o w a ^ ^ , North D a k o t a ^ ^ and Montana^"**^. 27* Aedes (Finlaya) atropalpus (Coq.) This is also a new record for Michigan. Twenty females, three males and twenty-nine larvae of this species were collected in Keeweenaw County in August of 1944 by MacVittie and determined by C. F. Gerlach. In 1945, two females were taken in Marquette County. This species occurs in the eastern United States and down into the southwestern states, Mexico (2 16) and Central America and is never very abundanv * . New York^*"^, New Hampshire^2^ , Maine 28. It was found in Wis c o n s i n ^ , and Minnesota^9^. Aedes (Finlaya) triseriatus (Say) Pettit (21) listed in Michigan in 1902. County. Culex triseriatus as one of the species present (8 ) reported Irwin' one specimen taken in Emmett Six females and one male were collected by C. W. Sabrosky in St. Joseph County in June of 1942. The State Board of Health survey showed it to be wide-spread in the state, although it was not taken in large numbers. This species has been recorded for New York (15 ) , New 21- Hampshire^ Iowa \ Maine^^ Indian4^*^, W i s c o n s i n ^ \ Minnesota^*^, Montana^ \ and Ontario . Its general distribution is eastern United States westward to Montana and south to Texas 29* Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen) This is one of the commonest species in the State. reported it in 1924. ^ (16 ) . (8 ,10) Irwin Matheson (14) He stated that he had collected males and females. recorded it in twelve counties. Combined records from the Michigan State College collection, Sabrosky1s collection and the State Board of Health survey material establish records for it in every county of the State. The larval collection for Ingham County was made by the writer in 1946. This species is found throughout most of the world north of the equator^*1^ . Hampshire^ Iowa 30. ^ Maine (22), Manitoba „ ^ It was found in New Y o r k ^ ^ , New Indiana^ * \ Wisconsin^^ , M i n n e s o t a ^ ^ , 0 ^ . (20) and Ontario Aedes (Aedes) cinereus Meigen This species is also well represented in Michigan. listed it for seven counties. Irwin (8 ) The later surveys showed it to be quite common, especially in the Lower Peninsula. It occurs widely through­ out northern United States, Canada, Europe and Siberia. It was re­ ported from New Y o r k ^ ^ , New H a m p s h i r e ^ ^ , M a i n e W i s c o n s i n ^ \ M i n n e s o t a ^ ^ , I o w a ^ ^ , and M o n t a n a ^ ^ . 31. Culex (Neoculex) apicalis Adams Jewell and Brown (11) first reported this species from Michigan. I r w i n ^ ’"^^ listed six counties where it had been found. Although adults were not numerous during the survey, the number of immature forms taken -22- were second only to that of the similar stages of Anopheles punctipennis. The preference of this species for cold blooded animals^8^ might have accounted for the low adult catch. out North America and Europe. Hamp shire ^ , Maine^ \ It is generally distributed through- It was found in New York Indiana^3 * W i s c o n s i n ^ \ (15) , New Minnesota , Iowa^22^ , M o n t a n a ^ 3^, and Manitoba^2^ . 32. Culex (Oulex) pipiens L. Pettit (21) reported this species in 1903. occurring in seven counties* (8 ) Irwinv * cited it as This is the common house mosquito of the temperate zones, being found both north and south of the equator^2 , . In Michigan, the greatest numbers were found in the southern part of the State. Maine^\ It has been collected in New York (15) (12) , New Hampshirev , Indiana^3 , , Wisconsin^4 ^ , M i n n e s o t a , Iowa^22\ and 0ntario<20*25>. 33. Oulex (Gulex) restuans Theo. This is synonomous with _C. territans Walker as it is known in most records. It was reported from Michigan by M a t h e s o n ^ ^ . had specimens from eight counties. Irwin^*^^ It accounted for about ten percent of the State Board of Health survey specimens and it ranked fourth in total numbers. The greater percentage of these were taken in the western and central part of the Lower Peninsula. The species is well distributed throughout the United States and southern C a n a d a ^ ^ . in New York (15) , New Hampshire Minnesota^19^ , Iowa^22\ ;„(25) and Ontario (12) , Maine North Dakota^18 \ (l) , Indiana It was found (3 5) (4) ’ , Wisconsin , Montana^13^, Manitoba^20^, -23 34* Culex (Culex) salinarius Coq. • (8) reported this species from four counties. Irwin t It was found in seven additional counties during the State Board of Health survey* The scattered distribution that it has might indicate that it will be found throughout most of the Lower Peninsula. The general range for this species is eastern United States south to Florida, and the Gulf and west to Texas and Utah ported from. New York (15) , Maine (l) (16 ) . It was re- (4) fig} , Wisconsinv , Minnesota , and I o w a ^ ^ * 35. Culex (Culex) tarsalis Coq. Irwin Counties. (8 ) reported this species from Cheboygan and Ihimett The State Board of Health survey added larval records for Manistee and Genesee Counties. This species is generally a mosquito of the semiarid regions of the United States (16) but it is recorded for I n d i a n a ^ *1^) t Wisconsin^^ , M i n n e s o t a ^ ^ , Iowa^*^ , North Dakota 36. (18) , Montana (13) , and Manitoba (20) Oulex (Melanoconion) erraticus (D. & K.) One larva, later reared, taken by G. Ritchey in August, 1944 in Van Buren County and identified by C* F. Gerlach, is the only re­ cord for Michigan of this species. The general distribution for it is (2,16) the southern United States north to Missouri, Illinois and New York (3) (22) It was reported from , Iowa' rom Indiana' Carpenter et. al. 37. and New York as cited by (2) Oulex (Melanoconion) peccator D. & K. (8 ) The one specimen reported by Irwin' ' from Ingham County is -24- the only record for this species. species (16) * Like C[. erraticus it is a southern and it is not reported for any of the neighboring states he ; the nearest record for this species is Kentucky 38. (2) Culiseta (Climacura) melanura (Coq.) The only Michigan record for this species was that of Irwin for Wexford County. other counties. The State Board of Health survey found it in six All of these counties are in the Lower Peninsula and five of them are southern or southwestern. Its distribution is eastern and central United States from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico was reported from New Y o r k ^ ^ , New Hampshire^ and Iowa a s 'cited by Carpenter et al. 39. (8) . It MaineWisconsin^\ (2 ) Culiseta (Culiseta) impatiens (Walker) This species was first reported from Michigan by Jewell and Brown(ll) 1929. I r w i n ^ 1^ ^ recorded it for Cheboygan County* are no other records for the State. The general distribution of the species is northern North America from ocean to ocean collected in New York and Montana 40. There (16) . It has been , New Harapshire^^, M a i n e W i s c o n s i n ^ \ (13) Culiseta (Culiseta) incidens (Thomson) (g) The only record for this species is that of Irwin gives its distribution as being west of the Rocky Mountains. reported from Montana 41* It was (13) Culiseta (Culiseta) inomata (Will.) Matheson Irwin . Matheson (14) (8) recorded reported this species from Michigan in 19 24. it for Emmett, Cheboygan and Genesee Counties, and —25- rep orted it as a rare species in C h e b o y g a n # tf/. Sabrosky col­ lected this species in Muskegon, Berrien and Bay Counties in 1942. Several more counties in the Lower Peninsula were added by the State Board of Health survey. Its distribution is general throughout the United States and southern C a n a d a ^ ^ . New H a m p s h i r e , Indiana^ It was found in New Y o r k ^ ^ , Wisconsin^\ Minnesota^^ , Iowa^*^, North D a k o t a ^ ^ , M o n t a n a ^ ^ , and M a n i t o b a ^ ^ * 42. Culiseta (Culiseta) morsitans (Theo.) Biis species was reported as Theobaldia dyari Coq. by Matheson in 1924 from females he had collected in July of 1922. (14) I r w i n ^ * ^ ^ re­ corded it for three counties, Emmett, Cheboygan and Washtenaw. C. W. Sabrosky collected two females in 1943 in Ionia and Kent Counties. Other collections as shown on the distribution map are mainly from the records of the State Board of Health survey. It was the only species of Culiseta to be taken in any numbers during this survey; a total of two hundred thirty-two specimens were collected. It was recorded for New York (15) , New H a m p s h i r e t Maine^^, I n d i a n a ^ \ W i s c o n s i n ^ \ M i n n e s o t a ^ ^ and O n t a r i o ^ ^ . Canada and Europe 43. The general distribution covers northern United States, (16 ) Psorophora (Psorophora) ciliata (Fab.) (21) * in This species was first reported from Michigan by Pettitv 1903. Dyar^ cited a collection of this species m^de by R. H. Pettit (Q) in 1896 at the Michigan Agricultural College (Ingham County). reported it from three additional counties. Irwin Collections by C. W. Sabrosky from 1939-1942 added records for four southwestern counties. The Jackson County record was obtained by the State Board of Health -26- survey. The species is widely distributed in the United States east of the great plains from Mexico to C a n a d a ^ ^ . It was reported from New York^***^ , New H a m p s h i r e I n d i a n a W i s c o n s i n ^ \ 44. and X o w a ^ * ^ . Psorophora (Janthinosoma) ferox (Humboldt) (2l) No record of this species was found in Pettit as reported (8 ) by Irwin . It is recorded as collected in Ingham County in 1933 by Irwin (8 ). The State Board of Health survey found females of this species in Eaton and St. Clair Counties. Another female was collected by C. W. Sabrosky at East Lansing, Ingham County in 1940. The general distribution for the species is eastern United States and on into Mexico, the West Indies and South A m e r i c a ^ ,^ \ It was found in New Y o r k ^ ^ , Indiana^*^ Wisconsin^^, Minnesota as cited by Carpenter et al.^2^ and Iowa^2^ . 45. Mansonia (Coquillettidia) perturbans (Walker) First recorded for Michigan by Pettit this species was later reported by Matheson Taeniorhynchus perturbans. (21) as (14) Culex perturbans. and Irwin (8) as Matheson also listed Culex testaceous Van der Wulp which is another synonym for M. perturb ans (W.). It is widely distributed in the State, and on the basis of adult specimens it was one of the most numerous species during the State Board of Health survey. A common species in the United States and Canada (l6 ) , it has been collected in New Y o r k ^ 5^, New Hampshire^12^, M a i n e ^ , Indiana^3,S^ Wisconsin^^, M i n n e s o t a ^ ^ , Iowa^22\ 46. Montana^ \ and Ontario^ * Orthopodomyia sp♦ One female specimen, taken in a light trap in Calhoun County on August 29, 1945 by F. Mathews, was identified by A. R. Park as -27- Qrthopodorayia. As noted by M a t h e s o n t h e adults of the two species common to this area cannot be separated and larval collections will be necessary to establish the local species. Q. alba Baker has been col­ lected in New Y o r k ^ ^ , and 0* signifera (Coq.) in Indiana^2, 47* flfyeomyia smithii (Coq.) Matheson (1 4 ) / q reported this species in 1924. it in his records for Cheboygan County. 1q Irwin' * \ listed The State Board of Health survey also records it from this county. It is a pitcher plant breeder, widely distributed in North A n e r i c a ^ ^ . It has been collected in New Y o r k ^ ^ New H a m p s h i r e , I n d i a n a ^ W i s c o n s i n ^ \ Minnesota^^, Iowa^22^ , North Dds: ota^*^ and Ontario^*^. 48* Uranotaenia sapphirina (0. Sacken) First reported from Michigan by Pettit (21), this species was (7) later recorded for Washtenaw County by Hinman' 9 and from Berrien, Cheboygan and Ingham Counties by Irwin (8 ). The State Board of Health survey found it in about three fourths of the counties of the Lower Peninsula and also in four counties in the Upper Peninsula. This species occurs throughout the eastern United States, West Indies, Mexico and Central Americl^,1S^. New Hampshire North Dakota^ (12) It was reported from New York^15\ (3 6) (4) (18) (22) , Indiana' * , Wisconsin , Minnesota , Iowa , ^ and O n t a r i o ^ ^ . , -28. CONCLUSIONS The data and discussion of species preceding, and the maps appended, give the present known distribution of mosquitoes in Michigan* After studying the records and reviewing the literature, it seems probable that further collecting, particularly in the spring and early summer months, will reveal other species, and it most certainly will change the relative numbers of different species as compared to the data revealed in this thesis. The collections for the State Board of Health survey were made from late June through August. Consequently, they did not find many Aedes larvae and pupae , for as I r w i n ^ * ^ ^ mentioned, the breeding peak for most Aedes species was in May in Cheboygan County. Similarly, the continuation of collecting into September might have added considerably to the adult totals of Anopheles walkeri and A. punctipennis* A review of the collection sheets, which give habitat and mode of capture, leads one to suspect that the collectors expended most of their efforts on the more readily accessible pools, highway bridges and buildings. time capture. Also, most of the adult collecting was day­ This procedure missed species which breed in dense forest situations, tree holes, pitcher plants, etc., and also failed to get representative numbers of the adults of species that are shy or hide in well concealed places during the daytime. The presence of other species in neighboring states indicate that some have possibly been missed in the Michigan collecting. The species most likely to be added to the Michigan list are Aedes dorsalis 29> (Meigen), Aedes sollicitans (Walker)and Anopheles crucians crucians Wiedemann. and Indiana All three of these species have been found in New Y o r k ^ ^ (3) . A. dorsalis is also found in states to the west, like Wisconsin^^, and M i n n e s o t a ^ ^ • The latter favors alkaline waters, (16) open water areas, and salt marshes' and is closely associated with A. campestris D. & K . , a rather common species in Michigan* A sollicitsn s . although a salt marsh breeder in the coastal areas, is often found inland and is also a great migrator A nrueians crucians, besides being reported from Indiana and New York, has also been taken in Illinois A fourth species, Aedes grossbecki D. & K. was reported by Matheson (2). (16) from New York and Illinois, but states that it is a rare species. Carpenter et al. cite this species from an unpublished record as occur­ ring in Ohio and also in Michigan. Seven species of Psorophora are /3 recorded for Indiana * . Two of these are found in Michigan. One of the others, P. confinnis (L.A.) (sic, P. columbiae been taken in New York (15) . D* & K*), has also It is very probable that one or more of these species will be foundin Michigan, The papers cited from Ontario (20 25 26) (4) * ’ and Wisconsin , with the exception of Aedes dorsalis in Wisconsin, give no species that is not already reported from Michigan. This might indicate that the dis­ covery of new Michigan records for species now known for the states to the south and east is much more likely than for species now common to northern Canada and the Northwest. -30' SUMMARY* Forty-eight species of mosquitoes are reported from Michigan. A synoptic list of the Michigan species is given on pages 7 to 10. The history and general distribution of each species is treated in the discussion on pages 11 to 28, and detailed distribution is shown on the appended maps, Nos. 1 through 48. On the basis of genera, there are five species of Anopheles. twenty-five species of Aedes. seven species of Oulex. five species of Culiseta. two species of Psorophora and one species each of Mansonia. Qrthopodomyia. ffiyeomyia and Uranotaenia. Five of the above species are new records for Michigan. They are: Anopheles (Anopheles) barberi Coq., Aedes (Finlaya) atropalpus (Coq.), Aedes (Ochlerotatus) trivittatus (Coq.), Culex (Melanoconion) erratisus (D. & K. ) and an undetermined species of Qrthopodomyia. A review of the reports from neighboring areas showed that twenty-seven species of mosquitoes have been reported from Indiana /o A \ * forty-seven from New Y o r k ^ ,'^," ^ \ twenty-three from Ontario(^0,25,26) (4) (2,19) thirty-nine from Wisconsin* * and thirty-eight from Minnesota On the basis of the species found in these, it is predicted in the conclusions on pages 28 to 30 that Aedes dorsalis (.Meigen), Aedes sollicitans Walker, Anopheles crucians crucians King, and probably Aedes grossbecki D. & K. and other species of EgQr.Qpfr.Qra., such as P. (L.A.), will be found in Michigan. A tabulation of the records of the State Board of Health Survey in 1944 and 1945, on page IQ, gives the totals for adult and im­ mature stages of the different species. It also gives the percent of the total collection count that each species represents. The survey produced 39,253 identified specimens, of which 13,953 were adults and 25,300 were immature stages. It is contended in the conclusions, on pages 28 to 30, that further collecting, especially in the spring months, and with more emphasis on night-time capture and the sampling of all types of breeding situations, will show that the relative numbers of the different species in the 1944 and 1945 survey is not necessarily representative. -32- LITERATURE CITED 1. Bean, James L. 1946* A preliminary list of the mosquitoes of Maine (Culicidae Diptera). Canad. Ent. 78(2):25-28 2* Carpenter, S. J., W. W. Middlekauff and R. W. Chamberlain 1946* The mosquitoes of the southern United States east of Oklahoma and Texas. 3. Amer. Mid. Nat. Monograph No. 3 Christensen, G. R. and F. C. Harmston 1944. A preliminary list of the mosquitoes of Indiana. Jour. Econ. Ent. 37:110-111 4. Dickinson, W. E. 1944. The mosquitoes of Wisconsin. Milwaukee Pub. Mus. Bui. 8(3)j269-365 5. Dyar, H. G. 1922. The mosquitoes of the United States. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 62(1):1-119 6. Hart, J. W. 1944. Indiana. 7. A preliminary list of the mosquitoes of Amer. Mid. Nat. 31:414-416 Hinman, E. H. 19 35. Biological notes on Uranotaenia spp. in Louisiana(Culicidae, Diptera). 8. Irwin, W. H. 1941.A preliminary list of the Culicidae of Michigan. 9. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 28:404-407 Part I Culicinae (Diptera). Ent. News 52:101-105 Irwin, W. H. 1942. The role of certain northern Michigan bog mats in mosquito production. Ecol. 23(4):466-477 -33- 10. Irwin, W. H. 1943. The mosquitoes of three selected areas in Cheboygan County, Michigan. Papers, Mich. Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters 28:379-396 11. Jewell, M. E. and H. W. Brown 1929. Michigan bog lakes, 12. Lowry, fi. R. 1929. report. 13. Studies on northern Ecol. 10:427-475 Mosquitoes of New Hampshire, a preliminary N. H. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 243 Mail, G. A. 1934. The mosquitoes of Montana. Mont. Agr. Exp* Sta. Bui. 288 14. Matheson, Robert 1924. (Michigan). 15. The Culicidae of the Douglas Lake region Canad. Ent. 56(12)s289-290 Matheson, Robert 1928. In M.D. Leonard*s Insects of New York. Memoirs, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. 101 16. Matheson, Robert 1944. America. 17. 18. Handbook of the mosquitoes of North Comstock Pub. Co., Inc., N. Y. 2nd. ed. 314 pp. McDaniel, E. I. 1932. Flies and mosquitoes commonly found about Michigan homes. Mich. Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ. Bui. 144 Munro, J. A. and S. Saugstad 1939. A preliminary survey of the mosquitoes in North Dakota, N. D. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bimonthly Bui. 1(5);7 34- 19. Ov/en, IV. B. 193 5. The mosquitoes of Minnesota with special re­ ference to their biologies. Univ. Minn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bui. 126 20. Ozburn, R. H. 1945. survey in Canada. Soc. Ont. 75th. 21. Preliminary report on anopheline mosquito Part 1. A report on light trap collections . Ann. Rpt. for 1944:37-44 Pettit, R. H. 1903, Mosquitoes and other insects of the year 1902. Mich. Agr. Exp. Sta. Spec. Bui. 17. 22. Rowe, J. A. 1942. A preliminary report on Iowa mosquitoes. Ia. State Coll. Jour. Sci. 16:211-225 23. Sabrosky, C. W. 1944. A mosquito survey of southern Michigan. Jour. Econ. Ent. 37(2);312-313 24. 25. Sabrosky, C. W. 1946. Occurrence of malaria mosquitoes in southern Michigan. Mich* Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bui. 202 Twinn, C. R. 1926. Notes on Mosquitoes of the Ottawa District. Canad. Ent. 58(5);108-111 26* Wishart, G. and H. G. James 1946. Notes on the anopheline mosquitoes of the Kingston, Trenton and Peterborough, Ontario, areas. Ent. Soc. Ont. 76th. Ann. Rpt. for 1945:39-48 DISTRIBUTION MAPS The folloY/ing distribution maps, numbered 1 to 48, give a graphic distribution of each species reported in this thesis. The number of the map corresponds to the number of the species in the synoptic list on pages 7 to 10 and in the discussion on pages 11 to 28. The key characters used are hereby defined: (^denotes that male 5 that female and O that immature stages of the species have been collected in the county where these characters appear. A heavy line under the name of the county (e.g., Ingham) indicates that this species has been reported previously in this county by other authors These reports are cited on pages 11 to 28. The maps are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 20a. 21. 22, 23. 24. Anopheles barberi Anopheles occidentalis Anopheles punctipennis Anopheles auadrimaculatus Anopheles walkeri Aedes aboriginis Aedes aurifer Aedes campestris Aedes canadensis Aedes communis Aedes diantaeus. Aedes excruciane Aedes fitchii Aedes. flavescenp Aedes irapiger Aedes imp lac ab ills. AeAes. intrudens. 4&&L2. lateralis. Aeijes. pullatus. punctor Ae.d.e.s. unc t o.r- imalacabjljs.) Aedes ripariua Aedes spenceri Aedes •jticticus Aedes stimulans 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46 • 47. 48 . Aedes trichurus Aedes trivittatus Aedes atropalpus Aedes triseriatus Aedes vexans Aedes cinereus Culex apicalis Culex nioiens Culex restuans Culex salinarius, CVLlQJL tflyTS.al.is Culex .Culax Culiseta Culiseta MLatleilfi. Culiseta iftQjd.e&a. Culiseta i&OKaaAa .Cullsata mQ.cs.jt.ans Psorophora g.iliata Psorophora ±eXQX Managnla perturb ans Qrthopodomyia sp. yVveomvia smithii Uranotaenia saoohirina t'Ktnw t A K E HOUGHTON s u p e r i o r ONTONAGON T GOGEBIC ~l I BARAGA .-L i lu c e : M ARQ UETTE I RON CHIPPEWA j ALGE-R I sc h o o lc r a ft J___________ L DICKINSON r1 DELTA h r ^m a c k Tn a c 1 MENOMINEE & MMET \cHARLEVOIX? |CHEB0Y(1AN / LEELANAU — • —| \\ j PRESQUE ISLE CHARLEVWxl----------- f -*------------p - ----------- . I MONT : ALPENA ANTRIM ! OTSEGO j MORENCYj ‘J ---- 1-------h- LEELANAU b e n z ie T g r a n d I KALKASKA[cRAWFORDl OSCODAj iTRAVERSEj j j ALCONA MANlSTEEl WEXFORD MISSAUKEEiROSCOMMONi OGEMAW* ,O S C O ,_1 n MASONJ ! ‘ < ! 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IO S C O & 9 o [© J *HURON | b^y I MECOSTA j | r ARFH a {MIDLAND} O n o j~ |^ 9 o & S “oL. j£ ? o L - ~ P NTCALM yMVg*SMP ""'"j TZ ! f ia a m i 1 s a g in a w |« OTTAWA « 1a ;j TUSCOLA J iH a i J2M I cLiNTnNii. i. w . ^ js n s a j j pg R a [ g CLIonia isLmiuiiiaiiiMfia!!J?*Qo ALLEGAN EATON j JNCHAM j jUVINGSTO^I ^ LLLunii ji BARRY PMh.rtT jIL AIUN i .ra \ & 9 o \ d tQ o \ & 9 - ° r VANBUREN jKALAMAZQpj CALHOUN j JACKSON j WASHTENAW j WAYNE jd ^ o !c f 9 l^^oi |-j O ’ MANlSTEtjWEXFORD MlSSAUKEEiROSCOMMONlOGEMAW o 9 o ALCONA IO S C O ©I '~ L T 'T M ASON) ? LAKE i ------------!------ lO S C E O u i 9 i 1 OCEANA T - ONTONAGON -i S U P E R I O R | ARENAC CLARE [GLADWIN)— , O . i i 1 ------------1--------------- ) J HURON BAY ( Inewaygo!M£C0S£ j,SABELLA I o j- 1_______ MUSKEGON) I | i Y-._°r j J. OTTAWA j j A |0N[A I VANBUREN p j “ Lj SAGINAW TOSCOLfl j ; I p BARRY i EATON o ! o { I- j 5. 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