g: n‘w . .c - .Q‘»& \I - . 1 \. o c s . . \ :.\ . .3 x 7. \ .3.» a. a . s*v s. u c .k.... . .. .J o ‘ ..u u .‘I \3 \. t u s . . . _ x y o .\ . «.5 J . \ o‘. ,.\._~ J \..‘ . \.C a O R .\ C. 1 m. \ . j . 74" J" 1:. 5:3; E§J§ - '7 . , ‘ ii. wad”; /,.g 3|!Wfllfllflflllfl’lflflfll ' 1" 1‘ l g _ , . p ' .E ‘ 1 \ luv." n Jul-til“ :l 7; 'i This is to certify that the .‘ .i thesis entitled ? "Effect of Lead Arsenate and DDT in Soil ,;' g, on Plant Growth" ; f ,, D I. presented bl] l‘ i .2 James A. Po r 5E1 ' ' j ~ k. i has been accepted towards fulfillment F : of the requirements for np'l'a' -": 1 . .I’T—‘ZI— Master of Science degree in Soil Science ‘r’VU—WW (mm m 'l Major professor , 3 . . _ .. ’ .' t, . [Z DateMSt 8: 1952 E I, [3 ' ‘1 ' I E 0-169 ‘ ~ ; PLACE IN RETURN BOX to remove this dweckout from your record. To AVOID PINS return on or before date due. MAY BE RECALLED with earlier due date if requested. DATE DUE DATE DUE DATE DUE t 1 2 I m- —--u W'W‘Ht'twm ”am “H-r) 'h-rdr-H ... .4 1 '4 ' . ~‘ ~ ' 'l K “N .-"."° [kl :9 1" A ". - {V r- -‘f' {ea-m .kv. - D \’ ‘ ‘. J 1 ~ 4 5 "_‘ I d, V ‘ 9 . 3, -ly ~ I '\ . . . a. an. a. .F‘Z'IJE‘!’ w IL rrrvfififiva o ‘44:. 4‘ (“v t '~ ('1 ‘ . t "' ‘M".. 1 n-x‘.. fk‘, Liz: .l) 'n r‘ LJI "L1‘.ng.~ e I I ‘_ .a.. .‘ s a ‘ . '\ iii; 11' {'1‘Irfi3fy-l' (l? +1"; u? 0" s. ‘> 1-. c, a: P‘ ,v'vhn r» ‘I‘ .s 1 t 3‘4' 'L‘ .‘. . P U '. ark rm“, .—. w -. .—r 1'.“ ... U. 1. \ I; I \ -~.- . .' ' 'r-N A - A r‘. '" “I“ ‘ f: w J , ‘ “ P: ‘ \ ‘1 J at". "v ‘ .1 , .. 4 if \ x \ . "’ . ' -. :3 "3f :' ' Ll." ‘ 1 72"! O V ’1 . . . .. (:31 t..- 1?. '- {j- "_'. *3. "‘r T’ 9“ ‘" Q . t. it b- 'T H F4 15 ; TE /°"/ "‘5‘3—ia " <7 I f-vrauvv" ~1-"I- "t”‘YP‘ . . l 4' U 4 ‘ fl 4 C‘ '5 ”a 4 l O r) - I .1 A Q \II “a "'1 M: ~0- D .1 1 -. I . r 1' ., ‘ Q h“ ‘A ‘ 4 :1 "A. ‘ 4 ..J et a. .l , ”'1 ‘7} '7' .4). \ 3 ‘ .." .s ‘ - , . .9 .- 9.1! .«m‘ 1 ~. ». 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(ad. .8 g . q . q . . n o a a o o o o a - a o s a O o ' L Wm a n -\ ”‘13": r) "it ' I o) r \‘ f) q n0 I. .‘. ‘vj « (.1 - (L ‘ '$~ . r, v I ‘1‘" f {4' I 1 . I - ‘ Q .9 . . 0 . . Q . g . . o . . d . - a a (\fi . . .,. I ~-~ ,. .2 .5 . . ... "firth-.0 J'lshrl ’rkl3“"ho o a o o s 9 a a o a a o o o o a o 5..-. 2'. f'Et’t’Tfi‘..£‘ 4 "r “‘3‘" d I t I '7‘ ‘20 ‘I I t '1) 's :u .e f .- ’ ... ' ' . CT'FZ-f’ffl :P<'~"ro"‘.:‘-.; (I rfltr . tn; v-u' ‘ ‘ - ‘ ~“_~ . 7‘. a “ 5‘, . ,2 _.. “ ¢ .. J " ' i. , m. . ~ ~ FM? “J H in "mu".- «7» . nu “NM: m»: «an -'.‘ .“F 7'3 I - ”r. ’ 4. c s a a a a o 9 o a o o o a o a a o o I o o e o o o ‘— I- -= W ,.. W. M “I“! (<13? 0- '-' ' "' '* t I —-\ - o o o o o a o o o a o 9 o o e R." “-1- ~ Al's t ‘f‘ r" I a ' \JI: ‘ (' ’evy‘ . .- st v. -. . . . ., . Q g Q Q 1 g c Q 0 A O I O O " 7 "l a . r u L ‘ g I; v ”3": L f «1*... <%Y‘S?f*"cil ‘3 "' " . ‘L S a a o o a o o s o o o o a o «a o "— .-— -7“ T) l C‘ «v, ‘- 3’, (1 r . 6 v " - V s o b o o o o o a o o a h a o o o o o a u g _ , , . r _ -:.-~1«.; tV “-"T (”“7“ r' : r“ A 7.. . 'v tr..- "“‘3'-— it _- ‘. —- .-' “o o u o o a c t o 9 - a a n 0 ~ e o a .P‘ '7': ' Iv . ‘ 3. ~'. I ~« t." Z a! ‘ ‘ - “' 3- ~ g s a o a o o o e o 9 s s o o o n c a o a a a a " 77:7'7.‘~.-7“"AY' xv“ w “*4 Ayn-P-fl r-~q'om I.=- m Jifl'kfltk ~TT 2; Ft! r Y “L ~xt' , " 4 11-;9i‘L‘: ”‘ 1 &: fine feltomtn: of array s2 waddlee recomuefidai for control of insects aed diseases reEeaeee over each acre anvnnts of anteriaWS p. heir pfxncts on Selle. The amounts :9- wlfich mev be ejmn‘fieaht in of some of the mere common materiats aeriied each year he? acre were cempnted, based on Vichifan State Collefe recvmnendnfinns (1 _‘J ), Using the ample schegqle as an example aai ailowihg six trees covarare per ?OO tellers of enray t%ere coan be a to+aL release rer acre We: seasen of Ed pounds lead arsena+e, 16 pandas DDT «"Ilfl 270 pnnvdg gu‘gfvr, C‘H‘er 95733;! scfreslu‘. 98 have called f0? even more lend arsenate. Over1ey (38) commutes the lead arsenatc in some Washindtmw drefiavda as totaitnr hfinn bounds lead areanate per acre over a 10-year period. Other materieie are inc‘nfiei in the spray recnmfierdafinns but quantities were not inaladed here. It can He presumed that vnTees tve spray insredierte evawerate, undergo chemical chance, are removed wlr% the fruit; qr re mén an tfie from itself they will n1t5mafie7y reach the smil. Even most of that carried on tke leaves will reash the Reid since nest of the leaf fail renaifis within the Orchard. .‘ 4L .I-f- 9 r- 11 £ k, '2) * h '1 J L—la fix; of the effects of su‘fnr in apparent frmm a : refiztind within Vichigan orcrnrfie, w?ere the erray screiwfes incluie sulfwr. ConsistentIy soil tests Kenneth these fruit treee, JD years or mere in age, Show higher acidity than 30135 in adjacent locations be+ween the trees. The 270 pounds of elementaL sulfur per acre per year wouFd have a rotential acidity eoulvalent to 952 poundg limestflfie on the cherica] equivalent reeis. Soil reactiens have frequently been obeerved which varied from y? 5.0 Eetween trees to below pH 4.0 Drier the trees in long ee 3”lio”ei orchards. rnis investiga 5.02 ES directed rrimer 11y at effects of the i“? ecticide lead arsen.te. Fecauee 3??3. are enat.e E38, since zfi WJ, 19L7, been largely or campicteEy replaced in zany e5rav schedu by DDT, some of tne investigatinne inchded this latter material. Eh rv investigaters have Shown trat growrh of piants 1e retard- ed on soils in ore Etazds where array sccE1 Mi as have inchded lead areenate. Msniies by Cverley (15) in \eshirg10n orcrards were based on failure of carer crepe. Snyder (20) observed 5rcwth of a new planting of arpie and pear trees on a site WEEere oEi or: Etard trees had been reueved. Only those trees planted in soil hauled in were no rmal and made eatE. stactory grow+h; o+ner trees ari veg eta r393 failed. Verdecaweye et a1 (21) referted failure of barley and al felfa following rem: val 4f a 2? year 011 orchard. regerted partial fai7nre of eirzaEcrries on the aite of an old apple orchard in Perrier Ccurty, "£cEfi gen. ViLEEn the area previously covered by each 1ree,groth was g-re-tly retarded. Sci] samples from the areas of good and rear growth were content nf soil from O .naEvzed for contert of are enic.* The areeni the area of peer strawberry growth was 292.5 parts per miliion A9203 WHEEe in areas of nermal gr owth the cortcrr. Yes 69.3 fari.s rer ”—v-w Var‘~~’-'-‘ ._..-.. Anfij'rers fer arsnic were. 1315 e by Dr. E. J. Benne, Agrieulm +ural Chemist, Eficuipan ngrirhltnraL Fxrerinent Station, East I'&Y‘€)if:g. K») pillifin. At the time ?f a sulseqnent VESEt to this old orehard site Sudan grass had been sown as a cover crop. There was a noticeable difference in rrowt: in regularly enacel areas tresumed to csrresbcnd with fermer apfile tree Insatinns. In this case the analysis fer arsenic did nnt shew a strikirg differenre: the ccn~ teri in the poor frewfih area was 220 and in the better growth area 3Q2 Tarts fer million A3203. That it is the anion, not the cation hf lead arsenate which results in your growth has been quite definitely esflablished by Cverley (18). In grewnhorse eX5eriIents frem one to five tons per acre of lead arsenafe was mixed with Palnuse soil and enuivaéeut quantities of lead as acetate anfi nitrate satts. Alfalfa was planted and one ton of lead arsenate renulted in 98 perceni death of a five Tercent Stand. In contrast, lead.aretate at one ten resulted in a 100 5orcent grnekh of a 100 percent sfand and five tors decrenrefi ihe stand to only ?0 percent. By in srsenate and lead acetate into heach trees Linder (TS) Treved that damage was from arsenic -- nof tee 705%. In natural soils plen+s do net grew in total absence of arseric. Williams and Whitestone (23) refinrt the arsenic content of a aeograplically wide range of soils re5resert£ngi:mmy'great mail rrevrs. Trey repnrt the refural cartest reusing from 0.3 to nearly ilien arses c as As. :sere sects to he no Cassia- 240 ray-1.3 yet In tent distribution nf arsenic in soil with regard to 593th in 5rnfile, l “. u~ s :' . ' 3.~ 1 ~ .~11 .-A¢-.-\‘ " ,‘<‘fi’ ”fi‘ .- 'atifpde n6? vrcc.;itayion. Fara y do s~;;s leguxhex canLatn ufi?fi {Yup 7? rfivts be? miiiinn AS. Eepnrfa u? pient {vnwth retarding affect; atiriiuted to DST (dichloro-dirhenelutriat]Greetbare) were few. ihmt this ihscctin ciFe afieq affect blnlngfcal re“aiinpships in the 8053 has been 1nveaiiga+ed. Jones (1h) founi tFe n*trificafiian, amxnvificafion and sulfur oxidizing microor;&niabs were not affectei at concentra— tinn 0f less than 0.] bcrcant DUW (£34) or ZSGG pgungs yer acre. ¢?ere was a retardatifin at 1 percgut. There was no injury to Nitrogen firing microorfanismu at cancentration fif 1 percenfl EDT Tsan (2h) found no effect on bactcrlal A JR :2 ._ D :1 4.4- 73‘ (D O :1" g . ’D "5 D .11 :1. 0 :1 #5 numbers, amménificatitn or nitrifyivg hacieria at concentrafinna of 5 rmrcenf DDT in sni7. Smith (19) fownd no injury to grnwth Hfi tn hfifl fionrfig T9? acre. AbrieUfln (3) worked with concentratinna of 30, TOG and 1960 pnnnds EDT (9&fi} per acre worksd into the surface two inches of soil. Emergence of red clnver, swast clover and lesredeza was only slightly delayéd and aoykean emergerce deiayei seven days. All sbecfes shnwed growth inversely prnjcrfinnal to amnunt of DDT mired with sail. Iitt1e adverse effect was Observed at concefitrations of less than 100 vounis of DE? rer acre. Some of the confiiction in resrlts, refinrted'by varioua investigatcrs, on injurious effects of DDT may he attributaale to impurities. This study, in its first r%nse, invmived the grrth of filants J. ‘ on soil from the area fram whicg apnle trees had been recentEy re— mnvcfi, the Berrinn Counfiy, Michigan area referred to rrevinugly. 5 This was foilnutd by invertigatiJns of rtant growfin in 56113 wjfh which hAd keen incnrpnratefl measured incremfivtfi of lead arsenate; also, in a similar way, DD? was included in this yhase of the inves igatifin. 1.2 All the plant grwwfh stvdiés were covducted in a chhivan Sfaie College greenkwnge at Rant Iansing, MiChija“. Snils were confained in muffler twn glazed earifenware rofs. Watering was with dinti13ed water frnm the greeukonse stiil. The initial bhase of the investigation lnvc7ved the study of lichigen, from which an ahple orchard had been recevtly reUOVEd. The soil was scraenel Lhrnugh standard one Quarter inch screen and a repreventative sampie was teete& awd repnried as containing 220 warts per million total A3203. This wouid be equivalent to 770 parts her ui?]5on or ESMO rounds per acre‘, in terms of lead arsevate**. fbés sail, w%ich will be designatefi in this paper as "orchard sail", was used alone and mixad with three increments of unccntam— inated Oahtemo lonwy sand, and the Cshtemo alone. The soil had been cn1lected from the Ease lake Game Pegearch Farm of the Nic?1fafi Department of Corservéiicn, screened and stacked in ghe Erjevimert Station 801] Scienae fie}; Zaharatnry, The soils were air dry and (zombined in a hand operated tufibiing mixer. Eight kiEnframs of thege mixtures were used per yet in two sewfies with three replications, one series raving no fertilizer * In terma of plow layer weighing 2,000,000 pounds. “a PbeSCL; added and the other rertfivirg comrercia1 fertijiyqr carrying tag manufacturers guarantee of three nercent by weight nitrngen (Y). 12 percent rhuswhoric acid (P205) and 32 mercent rntash (F20); this fertilizer was anrlied at a rate equivalent to 750 pnuufis per acre. The fert11izer was added at the time the soils were mixed. Eean Plant Growth Each pot received 1,000 grams of water on Decemher 29, 19b8, ¢en navy-beans* were D‘Anied re? not on December 30 and later thinned to five plants. On Februnyy 26 the beans we?e cfippad one quarter inch above the soil surface, and air dried befnre weighing. At the time of harvesting okgervaiiors were made of bean root modulation. Tovnxo P1anf Growth On March 5 foilawing the rnhfivai of been rVHrta, the same sn33s were worked to a depth of about four incles and one tomato plant was set in each pot. No adflitinnal fert111zer was arplicd. The tnmatoes were harvested after Home of the fruits had ripenefl. The fruits were dried in a heated fnrced air dryiug oven befora weighing, and the weights were recnrfied senarately from the r‘ant weights. Sudan Grass Studies were erravied t9 inc‘nde the insecticide FF? in addi- tion to lead arsenate. These materia7s were mirvd at varinus rates with two soils, Oshtemo loany saré and Fillsdaie sardy 30am. * Phasaolus vuiraris. K The Cshtemo 7eary sand was from the same source as that need in the previnng investigatinn. The Yilledr7e sandy 30am was collected from the coileee farm and garnered through a mechanically operated cylindrical one quarter inch sieve. In addition to the screening, the soil was systemarically sheveled-ever three times before taxing it to the greenhnnee. Here the soil was rlaced on waxed rarer covered greenhouse benches for air drying before weighing. 80118 were weighed fintn nurber +wo glazed earthenware pats, nine kilngrams air dry weight yer rat. Standard SPTBY €Tad9 19&d arsenate ané 53? Wetable DDT were added at the rates shown in TabEe I. we I '¢VEATE AfiD DDT HIRED WITH SGIL b 31 ! Ann» 7:" . “m *1 7-- gpfihlITILo Jr Le: Grams her rot, cantainirg Equivafient rate per acre— Material. rive Iti.1**é‘?‘fim8 .,§.’~.".'§'3 - 24C%§3*T‘,.COQI'fi‘ilvis $011.- ‘ Lead arsenete _ 0 o 350 300 3 6 . .2 C‘fl'q a 1200 g 0 0.3 75 0.5 750 1.2 300 2 u 300 A11 rots were fertilized with a mixture of ammnnium sufifaie ‘ and 0-20-20 commercial fertilizer at a rate eawivaient to 80 ?O?L;S '4") each Yer acre Cf ritrflren (T), pkosvnnric acid (P205) and notash Bach not of weighed soil was revved onto tVe fairic side of a square of oi] ciotk in a tkree inch Zayer and the materiu‘ or raterials to be admixed were scattered nviffirfi'y over the surface. After an extensive hand stirinr, tfie mixing rrocesq was compleied by raising and lowering SUCCJSSiVE'y the corners of the cloth in such a Banner as t: subject t?e “nil in a rniary r0111ng acfiion, affer which the soil was returned ta the pot. Earh truatment was in tiree replications. ‘ ~ ‘ ~ s ‘ v ' ~ 0 3 n - . ,— . Tne crops SVLebted for rWaLfin acre Ja;fin yrnss‘ t» w? '7 ‘ 1 W h r- ‘ . '1 \ I - \ ' v. - z'a f0!33wed by sny¥ears. 31: " grass WES sepe ted baggage 1t had are ‘.- .- ‘ .9. ‘. .',.‘ ..'.‘ ‘..- ‘.... . ‘ ",. .. 0’ trp crnrs, tne rrfiafL a? n.1ch ran htsn OUthVEQ as {Pffly defirfisuufl in the Berrien County orchard ante xiald f~evinuu5y nun— + ‘3 I'.V‘.L‘I1 _A~ .~. -“5 The vfit? wn‘fl watoved at rates of 850 arafis ver no” of fisfiicm) ‘ Twang saqd and 1,300 grams for thv Vi318uafe saniy 1013. Ipltia; 1&te?i*§ of the air dry soil Hrs anomfiar 11, 1753 avl the Safinn grasq gepdai Novvmfier 1?. An atfefipt was :wde to xmiwfain a stand of 32 pgantg per ngt. The rlants were out at t%a sail s~rface ‘r Fekruarv Q, 1?€1 at which fine many of tn P. '3 arge yi T11 {13‘ + Q W8 3"‘3 i 31 Q . flower. The gragq was a¥r &ried in the greenhdwta v.. After removai of t*0 Sudan grass the noi‘s were -- o— 4— ”fl-V-U-O-O'C"- ' 1-— t ngfifiun vulgare var. Sndax000. ‘_a;*ai This cram was se" “~ ");-:-. q 'n ‘ f“ v" u a L t 2 ‘ .-l ;_> ,4 -. u" - '- 1'! n' - ‘-‘ v'. ‘x \ -. 1..p .Ov-. unis, b“ad5‘t up to W¢,31t thu ma‘nw and s~Vr9aub* yrgo 1T; ."a c‘? c" A. fi> .J '1 fl "-3 ‘j 1 .3 C) b 3 "J g i l L b 4 '1 f. I) " 3 * 2 ‘ a 7‘0“ V ‘5 . avVfitinns of tne effent of arsengc 351 a3nm Q. kw? nu ¢b~1me w’u+7nn. The o¢fach on erfiwfih is alga Imw1rtant since urghe3w3 .. V V c I N.“"*ad to URQ as {Tana wr,ufie, and the InPFFBflZTF of nrwanfic ., h.i \‘..- \ :tsr afinfént hf afiil is vcfibrted 33 an affeclzve menrrvd in radon- :,. uranmfn toxicit! (39}. Twenty inacn3ated beans we°e yTwuted if ntrfi “mt anl wera later thinvad to eight plants Per ?Ot. 2';po f7 ngmping Peg-an Lita. flaw-Lia were removed by c7::+-? we i h? “Frve the swf? surface. T?e fifivs were air dr49i i“ 3'9 grasp- F14”? Sfifi weighed, Tr”r‘*rfielv after refinvul of #339 the rnwfi: WP”e rwv="¢” V? jr“t‘r "ryifif tke sai? 1h‘n a 10039 onwfiitln.. ¢ha rWfi‘ .'fiu v4‘u :0 zawfz sail as Tunn:Vbie hVua remnvad sruitrpntiy fi$5ffdlll ‘n h 19?} 100 'r of the War:er DAQW‘C: bad mare than 019 :xzbzr until (nvn341 a“?1 MKL. remnvad.fr~TwfirWit cnfi“ffigwr ”f nfiifi7cht JJ (‘3 3 .‘5 + P Lu Thais, Earn nofiu‘e MS: 8 "0 :l ‘N d 3 ‘ ‘ - ..... . ‘." ,..-‘. "~ n“?¢d to be rcnrMTy £29 nun» sire range of nnqn:a- :«au.v,n“ .... awfl.uv ta four divin I ‘\ . q- r 0. 9-. - .‘ - "g .‘ '9.’ V. -. r: 7"!" 10‘285. “TL-999 Mums 1-4:?“ Izmwm‘fid 110-939.. 6‘ m. 411‘“ J" ‘ :a 3 " - ‘~- ‘0 ' . .=‘ :9.) . 'V'na ' ‘- xywithpm.carrliivwd1 f0 tneqmvtw 3n Whvfiw‘Afie 1f. ».Pwnn 01 3 SE arnte undule. TFe tnfial mnnxer nf nfidu7eq mm“ .- 22 b3 5? wfia thnant tVC; tyfz mafVHd m*rbt Feavn qnm¢ nwr: n: tnrn 36 from fi%e rout to refia‘n in $19 snii unrecww{PC. ' 1 case 5‘. :— .4 f 4 <1 {'3 y n P.) O) O ‘4. (J) .J‘. , I p O of twa mois which arfeared to he refireaentative with rezfiact nn£1ie farmaiiwn, an infpwzive examinafiwn was nnfle of tFo 3 ani esbefi‘aiiy of the five rant39ts. No nfidu799 were faund. A 00 6‘1 if) " ‘{.V"1‘F.‘ Ogm T”! ‘?::,-.,r~ -- 17E...) ‘ '.' n.‘ 11,3) JITI.".- ..) "-3,‘ ’3‘: GrGWfih Fesrnn3a Hf F 8333 tn Sail Kiy{; trag of Vsurrin+.PrfiTnTt1133 hf n1d “Tchard Site and £33335 by- s Fa‘fi “aYV 19333. An 331KY333 of the bean 3r =vt1 dnfa in .uu.e II shnws sir~fi fie ant ircreaées in yield through increasina the Urn— vartion of nhrmal 3111 in both he ferti‘izad and unferti‘izea ') t9 ICE) f-Q'I‘Ce’vt fai‘ied pl. scrieas. The final ihrvament of nnU: 31 $1 to Show an invrea3e, however, in hot 1 series. This apwears to be attribufiaEIe to a secondary influanc on Ulant rrowth; t33 varian tinn in farti‘ity 3nve7 0? the two soiis whiC‘ 53 irfli ' {Pd 3y 3"*‘ t93+3.* .T313 difference is BUUWU in Table II 831 fra~1ica W in Firwre 1 by the hi§%nr yie‘d in the mixture cnnfaining 25 fiercent "orchard“ comrared with 100 percenfi normal 30i1. A333 M.reatly 3‘ this ieve? the increa3ei ferti71ty was mare henVeflciaI tn plant grwxrt h t1.an the aooowm31"*n* ar en‘s 'da3 detrn‘nental. This 1? En- ence is mare nronnunced on the unfertijiZQd series. a further ‘I ‘I indicati1n of basic fertiiity alfjerence. The yieid levefis are {33333113 higher in the fest iiized tFan in the un’ert11i7ed series. The growth—193393.113 affect of the wrong rd SC 3- is more marked in the ur¢erti7izrd series. The orchard sni], as mentioned Urevinus v, cnfl‘ained 23:0 Tarts » millinr 01 A3203. This is esnivajent to 770 varts Uer d11i11n * 3 i1 \ p“ 2 013C. CalA'l 9P! 5 .2 - ‘5'“ S . L . P "‘ 31L 1} S Q ('5.‘ .L K - J '1. q 7V3. “93 acre. Ockfem1 1035;." f — U 5.1, P — 2? lbs. F“a K - ‘0 ‘b3 36? acre. (P ari K ecxtrac :01 with 0 .'L3 “ ”“7). "W 11' A4 a' ._ad 1 '1???) ‘W't‘l PFli-Prflf'7‘T';’=lTS (3F ARLJT C..~..7‘.?TAI"I AND 375)}??é‘xL Sf’IL ON 'J‘EC'.‘ AIR-“51'! 1‘55“: T (‘F LEVY. Phi-N PEAJT'S, WI’I‘ri [Cf-TD “I"??U': FET‘TI 19.3.23.” 2?: ;—:; 1;: 2.- '3th-» , 1.2.5.1 .-...;:~...-t ; .....':. u: z. ' ' 4:273:24 -- :..;.: 1.3"! '2":‘.-‘. ..;..3:::".‘..'::::.‘.'. ..-.-....;.;:.:..-..z.;.;.._'_~."1:..... (" ‘ 1": .- ' N g e ,3 ., 9' " '* " Wu“ ij‘ “"" "' ‘i I "‘u.‘ 9 _,;(_‘13fl‘ (3‘ b V';P “ .I a ’“,...-3 L'sflu-I. a... . .0 “5-" -d acu— ‘O'F ' an -1...“ M”v*>v -- o- . -IF- -~.--.w-r.-Q -.r ‘1. .' l :1 ‘ I. ' >\ - D l ' Dn‘. I:.2m»9:i.‘u 9911 c .; vrmna Maw»; “91‘ n. J Par .(«fi 'T¢2.~A.i;, We. ls. ‘ umtm‘x’m..uyz.a&- .11'.’ .‘ .— :7. ' 3 11:3; ' ‘50" .‘ -.-.~’-'.- "4"- ;1-7: 'LL";E:.1-..;..- .5. —-. ;;;‘.:_.:.'. "1670—3: ‘33.". ' H9rm3ht H29. FC~21t 19":11'363 film’sntsz r. "‘ ‘L—J W“: 0 Mi‘" 7' " --mum .- v-vv. mfi'.‘"“-‘ -- - q‘wl. '9'..- ~0-Q‘~-a-~v u-lu' ‘- n 1. 7 1 . 2." I “-V" .01.“) _... ........_ M _,_.. 1. .._... ._.., _. . o - .-.—-. -— . W .. _ gnu-r .— —— _. w: w wv~ :7 cur-3 u. vhf --~ -—a- 'o-fi—J—v -.:‘-=:;.—’-v 23* ——fl 1-. “A. :‘H un-w-np- 'u::.~ I __ ‘._ _ .’ ‘5 t, _'. . , . u . .4 l 1 Q-Jdn 3* z: B 13-J‘. w—-“-fi-w ‘1'.“ '- w~l-~.. .. .... --r.-I"."_'-—I.- “M‘fimvv 'rv. mm“ o.- hm;-:‘.‘“-. vat—-4“ —— --——..- a. cur-u- .9“. r“: I" ‘1 r - I . g? 3 ‘7“ . ’ ( ‘- .‘ 2 ‘ ~—-.—-.--v-_.--'.--—c “- '0‘: ---~ w. .- w..- I‘m-‘— —--'ou-‘-u"-— - 1‘!" r—'- +h- co - 0" ‘Iv _..-_ —-v-—- m a- -" - n - ~ . 81 fl '3 ‘1 Q . ;- ,au: 9. I “—- Q—uro» -wom- -~-.——.wv*r--u w 0—. —L _. *— v . - ..—-- 6 rs Q I! II J . (‘. -m-c-—'-—-—.n - .. o-I'VD-Ffl- - ~v ”0".-m -«w---'-fi-”.fl—:-~—Om-—-- - ---‘- .v <~-.-I.--<-v-.- m- “co-"w—r'v- “a. ref-“-w-a‘n-Q '--.;h.-~ can---v——-: --‘ o. I o--¢-- c’wfi' *~-.- -11! o-rh- _.- d.r!‘.-' -' --—~.-—-o—-u-- apr— nv-ov-v— --—v- 'l I " I g r; )5 'l ‘. 5 ' b ‘ ‘v _ w... 7““- «‘5 4 — w -fl—F—.‘= "QM-m1- —. ~|"’V~- oa~M~-IH—c—p - cit-'7‘ -vfl 1 3 I u N Q "7 '3 .3 '31; t m": mm v nu- V w i"- ~—m-—-fl d-n'M-wv—ud . a5 0--.-— F 3 -(.I II II N ‘2 Q _ —._ .— rmlr-IE-zs. 3.1:..umm m ' —'-. fi -M"-V'— ”wu- a w -— r.- w—w v- ."m---. 1 I! N l' " 1 .c . C Q —‘ vs. --;--ov-O --—. M“-..— *omr- ’gs-":n‘-—I‘—uu.o_— v...- 4-.—’-l-.—"P-'-G—"C - o- vrr--.q-u'—I- Hr.- ——o.-— 0-. — om— .. '—-‘- -—— --o .~ ‘ “w.—. 4".--"1'0‘9‘. v . -<—¢—v ”—fi-fi -—,-.o-.-.. “n- mm o 1 rs '\ .‘ .. . - . ' - \ - ‘. . 1, n-P- '- 7I* v Q» HFI‘. “- w.‘ .I- '- :...’."' ‘ .. u. s I. f 1 . ‘ .+ t‘ . . V ;- :.£ . H . . .. fir-“nq~v .rvr-‘r' - -~ .. .- .5. ~~ - — o-q ”qw‘flv-"r—vrA--rfivfl~r—-M 'a- .. -w .— .. h- --A-—.h.—. d “-‘I. v. - *"-—7-u’~~ H . w. r '- ah — ~— 1 .I"" - v ' I4 .. -P—V. v. "9 4 ‘ q--- - - -—-—-‘."~‘ — o - ‘ “fl"vF‘ (‘5 . ~\ 1 fi‘ -‘ -- I | 7 (3.17‘ ..“ t; sup J. ft 28 r, 7 .A . ' .‘ I ,.- -~ ( "V M .3. . .5 1 L. - ‘- d—u—qp— I“...- ..-- -- -- m -w .u--— .___..~-—w r} . '1 .3. nn { lam , , . , \ -' i W, - -—--v ‘ -_—--_..-._'._ ~ —— -“-—-—v——~r—-‘vw-~pw- v—vd we up". —. “ n n a Q ' ( n ' - -‘m‘-r"—— —— —-'—- v — w— ——-v “w'.'-’.‘~mw '. ff :1 II N ' _ 1.3. _.--___.__- - -- - - .. —--.—-:n .- -g- -m--—-- --.--- ha.-.~--'D 'w- —--.——-.—-- -'---—q- u v .p-u cut ’0‘... o—— o...“ an... -.~- . :I!'I . “.u- --—-—-O -7 "I r.- -M (.‘V ’1. F r 1 4 Y) 4‘) ;,‘ _. .’ ,) L: “ H”..- _ .— '~‘ -'- u H ’ q ’ "a; *2 ‘~ , Q A . . I J .--n.~w-_o---- w A v *m-a-cw— od‘u—ucc-I—c- - A I', , .. u ’j J A- l. -_...'-.' _. .- ~Wun—m-an— Mm --~o-r—. _ _-. +w~—~—o—u-:-p---—-Qr—~r raw-.— -- v - -.-...4-'-u-..--‘-— - - o. ‘- -«—n—.—n- " ——-I—v—-——-. nob-w“ u- ”—0-:- . ’— *~~*C.WCC-- -- -- —~ .q—o '- z 'a r- I ,- .. ‘as . ‘ . ' 1 u . , j" I I I - _ . . _-.-.--—v - qr“ -o-c-‘nv'n --- - —. um-- vl—vrv—fl‘.-.~——n-—I- .o‘—- «n...- .o_.- ’- — -.~" -. .— ~42.- I v . f .- . .‘. u N It "b n‘ ’2 flank: .’-. L ‘ . ‘ 1’ - dung.-- -- q r . ”—- - v w v —- -IL‘o---—'¢--'u--uo u- o --... -"-~-- ' a- f\ I. u n 4‘ C‘ -~- - - . ._. -9 -.~‘. (-2: -. . . ,_ - g .r - -7 - - .MO"- . _. .. *---.' -—.-—-- —-. d _ -u—o-H-- - . . . v __ -._.._ -o~-~ ~. v, :f “ F *.}'§ ,..' ¢ .. --v— —- o-.—- n. -~--:-r-~ r."- - m--.’ '—V' ~—':.- o—..—.¢—.-— a— --—. - . -m- —- . u . r ) ' y 4.. ,‘ {.4 J .‘ - . .I Q . s..- .- _._.. 1.- .0—0 -— -u-‘~—~--..—_ A — n . ---—o.-‘ , ~- 3. I: II J a; “w t»: ‘ J A Q I g T" .' 0-- ~.. ~ w» -—- "fl-o-fi- “Wu-Do“... .f woo-u- ... . —- - .-\ ------—.‘ "r” n u n I. '7 I _. C ~~— ... — -- ‘ - - r.’ - — -IV --- ‘0'}. w '— -- .-- ‘~ v—o—.——-- .-. . .. _. “mu... .- a. -. -_. .p . J v1......-.':'::;=:='..:8:13.::.:::.~.::’:_.:: ' 'L --'°0r-‘ _- - a.. *3 - 2-. Z. . .1-” _—....- . '~ I V...” -‘.._. u... v”..* ‘. ¢ .0... . .-..... ~ 7 *— _—'—‘ a.--—u.—.- . .- - .3--.—"-.-.-—. ' n 13 I1 ' " l n.‘ i. 9 - . —...» -- -.—--v~‘o-—\—v‘-- -‘I-vu—-..~- -¢~ u. -<.- ‘.._- . --_o—- .v. » 4- r - cw-a Cum~.~(- - — o—l~-<-- ‘ . -.-~-".- -~ !— 9" é-“ .-o g — --———-----o v——--- _...-‘ ,‘ .r k—-' -. ‘— -— .-.--- ‘- .;..-' «H -.--~~- I.” '1 + 1‘1‘-*» :-~ . .;» - ‘. - ' o "‘ o \4 5 J. . t - ‘ . . .4' o- - ~ "--—O'- an... \‘8- 5’ . ~- ~ . “v; ~u v—v- v v vw ~~ 2r -- n I. .-..-—v"-o-o --'—-¢- -. ...~ ua- -. --- fi‘- ‘n‘- _ ... -c. ----- .~ p". - ——- . . v- . — - .- .. .- . - .u-. f" ‘—¢-—.- - --.¢-— ‘—r --— - u~ovao~ . .—.—-«.—- - “-4.“ o u... 0"— * Orchard sri‘ (:“2nrfc cw:%a*irm:n-.. c‘ ,-.: 5.“. 1.‘ "A L . v" ** Iii-{.— r .. 4. .'\( ’i..:- " 'v".. s at (:1 3 ‘ .1 ‘i- ~L b I . Fla/PEI. AIM/V JEAN GROUT}! ,45 /r /$ AFFECTED er l/A‘RV/A/é THE ParaPoRr/oxvs 0F ARSEM/c ~ co/vm’wzm rap (on ”A m?) 5W0 fl/OIPMAI- 50/4. mm mm Win/our FERTILIZER “I § {er-ff/I'zcd E ----- uferfI/lz‘eJ ‘E b ’ , ’ " I \ \ \ | N é /‘ I I \\ SS2 .2 ,x” ‘\ b? ’ ’ 3 ,5 / §§ .._ w § 1 Vs ordeal Mo 75' a: ‘6‘ O Koram/ o z: a» 72:- /oo 60 i/ IflH—ur- fiercem‘ajts F/Goms z. Tamara PLMr amawrfi/ 45 11' IS 4FF‘EC TED aY VARY/Afr; THE Piropc Prion/s 0F M5540: -— comm/arrow rep (ORCHARD) MID Ivan/W94 50/4, wrm AND urn/mar FERTILIZER ' {e rfi/t zea’ \ _____ wrfer III/z 6/ ‘ -*—"— - ~ - “*‘u—— I/om‘ magi #3 ~ rm. are fray/s - Irr- Jr] / / I l I I arc/Mn! ma 7 .r to 2.5- o uarwa/ 0 ° 1 5' a 7: z oo 50% Ill (far: #2» re» hie: 0f lead arcefiate or 1&h0 pounfls rev acre. On the baais cf this calcu)ation the arsenic ccntént for each 8951 mfixture 19 Shawn in Tables II and III. There was arparent1y a fafir écgrae of toierance *0 arsenic at a cancer+raticn of 360 pounds lead arsenate equivalent yer acre. This differs somewhat with the results of tke exnerimpnt in.wh¥ch lead araenate was latoratnry—mixed with sci], data in Tthle IV, in which growth depression was observed at the 153 rounds ‘ . per acre level. The higher toxicity resulting frnn ,aooratnry 1 .l -d admixing may be due to a difference in so gbiiity. Under coniftions cf 910w accumu1atinn in soil unicr fiaWd ccn&itians it may become fixed and consequently 3983 807nb3e. That there is a wide range of arscnic soluhiltty is suggested by fiverley (38) r0 reports an sixteen Washington orchard soil samples a range of 366 to 72' farts per miiiinn total arsenfc and 13.2 to 35.5 part3 fier million water 301Lb1e. Some tyne of arsenic |JI fixation is infllied. Albert (2) reports a slow fixatimn of arsen c in sandy 80515 of Snuth Carolina and stcws that iron is invofivai in this actifin. Vincent (22) found that the growing of rye afid plau- ing it undar as a green marure wag effective in reducing arsenic toxicity. He attributes this to the increase of organic matter. Overlay (18) found the addition nf peat and also superctosnhate effective in reducing arsenic thricity. This confirmed similar benefits from thasvharus reportei by Furd-Efirrer (11). ~Not all in— vestigators agree on the effect of pkcabhnrng on the soiuhi7ity of arsefitc. Albert (2) reports that anterrEOShhate increases arsenic 1. T.:“-IE III ”mi-m. ' " “5" mm “w" chmffir't‘? A V“. tr' f‘ “rm! “"1"” "-3 Lituwr OF VARI ‘ A ‘ t; ' * c? Arc - V-.C‘.,I_. 4‘; . t" iv! . L‘.‘ . .. - «1-5..- 4. \I-\ .4 L)~¢ » ".- i. I' \I 0‘. LJ .-‘ ‘ . u ..q _ - ' ‘ ‘ v “ r. 0 ~ ‘ N~F3m1.22TL ow TJE urn DRY WEIGnT or TwinTOES. . . . V '. a“ . ’n'ITI-‘E A273.) 1:. ITHOUT 23431.1 :3. mmfi“‘f”~m~: =::':-;::"= 3 " " “"‘" ”3“: L ‘ 3:157:33? ‘”:“: :FfLI; : .‘ Z: 1.17.; ;_';;.:._‘""’L " ' "' ' . i 4.} 1‘ .;.=}“J -.. 1,3} g .. t, n f {-4.5 ‘; .:: F | I N‘ ' aar I & 1y streat- 1- o y a ‘t f _ _ 1'1 . ' _ l 1' 121111.— ”.19.; ;- 3-.4 3.} H....~_§;_" new 118.? eat : ine «ti ment her Arapric Warnal Asgflc her A. V‘re J FrV¥t T‘v‘m‘t ‘ Ev-, m nun-o- 'n.-.‘ ~— .— D'-h-.‘~d-—;“-O~rf-- “IL-I- run-n» . .— — w...- ”W...“— jne rc ant by we .1 {:12 1: pounds grams gram-s grams grams. n? farifi-J .1 29.17 L l t 3 I l g 2 3 l t I _ -'~'- .- -pm---I‘ -. I - ‘ = ".1 3...; .F-v—cpd- --- _ q‘vdt» 1 ‘ .--~ w. L i. iaxlmo“ .FJH '0: {:43 'Gfifl1$ I‘ f‘ *0 .. arc M L u u_; I h A ' - r fl '3 ---*- LL‘W DL’SN-ov—fifg—‘f-‘L’p--m-v 1",“ w.- ’J- a...- II I! 3.1 "1 '7 " O n i— - _ A- _. 9:9 :1 K..- o-r—al-..—.L-r - ‘2’ ‘ 5’... f; u u I! ~. .5. r; 7 1 1- p": o .— _ —- -«ls — -.v--m - ‘3'“: v- :‘n o a“- g-mrw: :‘o ---O—-- rum—3.. 'r'_:‘—v«::;~ .n .. O ’Iu-OO-.. 1- ‘J¢o-.-. a...“ «tn-0"...- - *ug”. .- MO‘O ?‘:MM * E..- C m . n '3”... '- m- . 7"!" r;0~ *‘ " «cf: Ea. .- '-~l *' or,“ m m .0 .m- h! J'“'- m .‘ .‘F .. h--J“ M - -fl-.- d 1..“ O -O- ~ M “-‘ ‘u-‘QI-D ‘m 0": :L -n—g—u.‘ “ A r f'o n ‘ H o .. n n L; o z 3 ~. 6 "Id-“.- - " 1'. ' .l-"H ~-~‘- ~— -"‘ '9. ’ll- - JF- H .1- d‘,’ ~-"- ". J W”- .15— l- ' ““C‘.‘ P”-. adv-”m."- "I'VE".- --— .hrr_ ---v~-——--.-o—o-- 9 urc—w -—— 9 a“ O- 0.”.-- —.-—-a--- 1]. u " mistfrpi Ti"_.-}pinr ....... o C; -—- .w ._ .——- .- ~n-_P .0- -Hm ‘-~~ ~-- ... 9 nm.‘ ~ r~ ---~..—-— Ooh-"fl ~79 - -15;- w -0 .—- 1 2 1: fl '2. 6 13' 2 Z 8 “r -.....:;.'_ ,.._...:. 2.... "';..-...__-_:;.1:.:...;:,.::!:.:.:::,:.:.'--;:::-;‘.:L::::'::r::;:_- I 5 TL: } 0 m r: r- 1 m- I; r r -...... "*~. --—-~— -- -a- r o - v-—. -——--‘—-—----- orwcar 0" -- -—.— .-—-.—-~ 1 u u u ' 1*. Lu ——-- mun—o Man-- "—3—. £)~--~.~ —-\'—'-'—-- 3I’D .3qu- J A? ” ' " 152 0 b- 2 :. "'”_...........- - .— "'“" ’ "" “‘“" Z.:'.Lf__' " " "11‘. - -21' 24:21:17.“- 2.27;.“‘..:.:':’::’: Tw‘wt EM” i 1" watt: '1' “‘7, "(was at ‘: ~. 1",? Fm”? h?“ =34: gm: =89”:— ‘ .. 5.2 2.1.: 2:3“. 7'. M 3' 2.1-;- F'...‘ as". 2-:- - LI- .. 4:11: :_"- ‘~ 12:. a3-:..-.-::.:..=£’-. 1::3: F- >. q 2 ‘nfi 1: -' . r1 i'r , ‘m ". T9 .‘ .‘- 2:31-; .. .LE.._.':’.... -. £42.. 12211310 --.I' “Es-.2 3 .,,_,,, _ __ __ -. -. .. __ - -u. fih‘rfiv'?’”‘-wv_r7\?~ ---T‘AI’:’|—:‘:- - fiI-‘T‘.~ fl: ,3 .— - 1 {3" .. 3-2-4“ j-o-L- h—} A"-;';..’__, ‘ -'-J ---Ird flow—pf . 20 u u u '1 1 5 1 u, :5 r ,3 q '3': ' '. c—t ”WW‘MJ‘v”--— tour-u: 4-;- w W -wa'.....-1" Jaime-v.47“ «mm—nu- .s 5 I z I «3 I ! ; I "‘0 “—1 3 H c to 3.) J1 R) -0 l. .0 I; § 1 1 S I f g5 i h) r J: M J\ 3 V L- 100 ’0 LN ' {1" .10 ! i i 9 t ' .__.1 L4 to .N F , O 1 2 3) h 3\ a") 1“) in) I l I J) 1.4 I 1 . J -..J 'b n I II I! N La m~—*“~ .I..'! -”-~ J ta‘ ‘0" 1 1 'c. ‘ 3 l L: if, i i Ldl D cup 1 1 ‘oo 9- N !F 0‘. SD 5 .' a L J {A 1 Mi 3 f 0,: J 1' N.- g r 1 1 n a. N h) . .L aimbtu Ln'Cfl‘ La . .‘m D -J J) o O 8 8 B 3\:O\ v0 . ;,- L.) O ‘ ‘n ax .4 J ’1) O l: ‘v ' O‘— m. —--—..—.-'~ D- 0* a-” “O.-.- “flfl - — c...— --— v 0-0-- -- -J — C 1’ \ can a. :1 ’~‘ ‘ a '2 . 1 , .l .. m~--.-.opc-. 9m *- ~ I- 0*- c - —-s -—-.- -v’-” 4.. 'uv-c - —-....._.---_ - _. H~-- - '- -¢ ecu-9v -;--- Q a '-- w- n a. 0—.- “A. — ~ o ‘. -- . .-— . --. .~. .. Q A Q V ' . ’.‘ "f (‘V ', "y 1 $1.“ ‘ o SCH} ‘3]1g-P , ?enr rrcvth cenrflflier‘r‘*92. ”he navv henna, “inwted Pvt -' ~‘C'. Q-O ‘ 4": — CI 'v0—e-v ' d— : ' -'-L"‘-" '-“L-:-"" -—'-" m ‘ - ‘ ‘ I A- ' .II I ., V Recemher 35, dtfl net aryenr to Be de‘nyed 1: evergence. ?y Jana- ary 3b the eeccri leaves were we71 formed and there was no ejfierent fiifference in growth, either between treatments, prefortinns of nrchard set], or between series, fertiiized and unf0r*i‘57ed, The results are Shawn in Plate I. Ey February 1 there was a nnticenble difference in growth he- tween treatments. The growth was inversely prayertineal to the pern Cflfltfififi of orchard sell, Arrearance of the bekn p1unts a' harvest time is Shawn in P7atee II ard III. A cnmtaryirfl tte retarietiwn of :rcwth there deve‘nrei a water” hreebdnwn of the Inverahnrne leaves ef rfarte in ttc h‘cher percentares of orchard soil. The breakdnwn wnnld egread ever the entire eurfcge of a leaf within a day or two, the leaf weuid dry, although remaining green, and fall from the plant, Beeidee thés most common symwtem there were two types nf progreasive leaf ‘. chloreeis, one tyre starting in the irtervelnai region and tue other in a pattern of irreguTar blotchine. These are shown in Piatee III and IV. In 80 far as poeeibie, the fallen leaves were identified tdth the pots containing the tlarte from which they fell and fren eervefi for in01ueinn with the plants at weighlnr. As was rrevjn“siy mentioned, an eheervation of tke been rcote fer nodu1atien was made at the time the soils were being reworked in yr17ara+inn for the next fi‘antinq - temetcee. There were several ;‘.4 F \ r“) -J‘: I I ‘p' c ,‘-1 ","‘ ’ -\ . ‘ fi vwr- I “) ‘ """ ,"‘ {“Wi" ""(‘ " h ‘-‘\V'7‘°~ " ”" '3 ‘7 ”1' ""fi 5", '_ ;-_ I . _. ,I,A . >4.I ‘ ‘ . I '~ ' ‘ .1 *L-‘L- .)| 'f) uh" ‘ if.“ .14L.n..: "'g ‘7“ "11 J’ I V“ “’3. ' .) ‘ ( .: I 'V" r')fil-"‘- ~§ “y-v~ vxv-\'r C ‘I ‘ . V 4. D I ‘ s“ .’\ A 7-1”. *1 1 1 ya '7 ’. .5—n--. ,. 7‘, r. ./ N‘- ‘_L J21, .; TI: FT'ranftf) (W; ,i'C’ 'L» 11 ‘ {*7 l-Iv-"‘ O . a , -‘.r‘- P‘ A ‘,"‘ - ~. t-v ~~~ I‘ 'Qv—f I 7", W'T‘M\ P‘ w ; new...» (Aw I c I mt. A. Unfertilizefi. *'<~ ».L.:L .’ ‘14:#;’f f 1‘-‘ As A: 07. 257. 34’.“ 31242 ~ J47 /4/ «n Jr F. Fertiiized with 3—12—32 at 753 tonnes per acre. ~—-. 7‘ ’- V“ 'vr- v‘wf‘ v \V y- N ’5‘ \v - a-y ‘v v-~v~q-- ~ ~~ a- .v-‘ 7‘ ‘ 1 g r) V K ‘ ' ml “ ’ [V T‘ 1J V ‘ o |- ~ 5‘ l I \ ‘ \ A . ’ I... L .. J- A -. O _ .A- , - y k. h ‘- f- .- fivo 0 - - ‘ '7— ‘v ' v~ - ’ v ‘ V -‘ 1“ 2-. 7f? v-n Q r,‘ y- ,A a“ .‘ - M‘ -—‘ .n .l ‘ ‘ ‘ 5‘ \ ‘ " " .’ ' C: \T‘ “ r. >- 1 K l‘lY 5-H ‘ 01 ' 1 t m ’. ".|J do; LJ 1'. 7,/ _ ‘ AL., x 4 . l , r 1., , A? ‘l I V“ v- 'r «V ~~fl" ‘ F - .-\'v\<" r .AfiVr ~ erQ'rj - “ ‘ -s/ v >‘4fi...(“ I‘,. '6 {)‘J . .' ‘ | q l ;‘ - n T ‘ i“. Ml .|_‘ 2‘) » n“. j) k. ,' ”J l v“ ‘ s' .‘V .4 | ; 2 .A- ‘\J , , .e J» A A L’ A, UnfertiFi7Pd A s 50)! 3-17-12 ‘ ‘ "¥ /9 hLv. , ‘-$—e‘ ‘0 .‘,;,—::i§:§§éE§iE§EL AE‘EF:= - V~ *\ H. Ferti}17ed with 3~12-12 at 750 rounds rev acre. .QLW .u v .m. . Cw . I'll ff O “ .. . . I .H‘ . 7;. {LE (I. <.. t $47; m.‘:¢-~..:ck P a .. l" ”I J: ..... .q H .IP ,.‘.. “4|._J‘.u'o .L rrh..s.-‘...x.»'..,...‘{ (Fir. I‘.\ CH. -r.L.. . ‘ . . . . .. , . a- .. . . I. . 1. 2 v . . \ n 4‘ ¢ ‘ ‘ .. .‘ . ~ , H d . . 4.. r. . . I « E. 1 ~ . r: » Pr. . k .L bwrk ,. :r» r.‘ LL » F .. .u r . ‘ silk! 0.:05. r». P Frmnrwr F rxhvx—L r9. Or , raw . 1.1.! C ‘ \ \ . x: p \ l l< .- ‘ l . ‘g a. qJ . . ‘6 . J .r . ..‘ .‘J u. A a )10. w i V. {:1 . . div.‘ 1“. .I 4,..1‘1 4 4 V 4); n . . v . . . I. . _ \.. . . . . . .v‘.‘ .\ _ ‘ . I . I «A . l v p . V r $.\ .1: . f . s. -;l - .I by? $rr..r(lt_l r7,“ ohrvhvrl .(Ori...(.tprv 70.0..119P. .IFw waifntu .\ rukr‘fk CU r/O/.FP.P krt Muir --~.. ‘ ¢ - '. r . V. ‘ - :1;\:1_¢.q in. {_ Or“; ~ \*.I L“ .1»; at a“? V5.3: 47“” .~ {:3 { I \ O.t‘.‘!}tfybfi fir,“ ' ww‘ 7: 3‘1?" r1; t ; 51+ ’ 4 n {3pr :31“ 0 «~ {g CW V1.31": f~.~,‘;x.év avg-‘- erR 8‘\‘ 1 “\fifg‘ '* . ' - . w~ , . ,.-A ~ . m ‘ ~ “F53? ifi?hsf1;rffpva. Awrnt, nfiv‘d.data 2w raw a If? ? xv M7” *1" 7""??3 the CT""_" 4.? Kiwi“? T’n“~‘3c*.:1" t M s?‘~‘;>='uin frat-ici‘v 112-3 .. -. I ~ f‘e fl Ffererce 5“ rach f8*fi’3*3 ”F t”e 2w“ an4‘9 is YSPWV? rirfli- f‘cavt. ”99 rvrw?%-t“and dif?ervnfer Tefwvea n£¥v h011s ah; . 6 tnma’wqu mm ma. 11333.1 - . . _A _' 9 {To I? q w 'J p" 7‘ "4 "J 1? , .. J, 2“, 0’ CC .7! (n 5" I. C -4 I Q "J . .J m r’ 3 3.) h U 2‘; Y ,4; 9— P1afes II aw} v. ’t Perlzws of EV"Ficicnf infiero=t t0 *u:*if¢ mantinfi7rr hzre wove .‘ ' " ' l.‘ ‘ .. ' ‘ ‘ '- s " - 1: I‘ ' " " - FW‘ ‘ Ive forea rinfise rat 1ruatrenfis Us-n0 tre anfnriii*zei vhfifenfi gmnfiv gnfii (“firmei r¢i7> wi‘h infremerts of arfienic an Wfi+itx tn -‘ 1 -- A. ' A. -. .1 .0 ...., . , - . .,.. .:.-1 8'5, “750 zap-i 577-, young; lea-'1 {IT'arf'aiB bar as» c-‘rce.v=_.r:.,:,v~.: to 26A . fir”? 3., .3 1 P13"?! "'05:",{1-‘3 It“: in: . r. i S “‘61-'33 [int in. f 12p "VP: _~: “a“? “7&3 0F ex“9r!Wfivfaffmn a“% it WHY be of Ti~13e winmificavae. Ffiate VI shwwu these tFree Oats toretler wifh a tvricn‘ cwvirvT rat ‘ ‘1 Of unfertl' 203, 135 rereavt nnfiWBfi 801]. This nr¥tt was rye are? 'i, ‘ - .‘. ., ‘.. .-.. , —- '1. . — . .." -. fr-Wm a Ct») .31).? t’.CLn sv.‘q!~p,l?.. ' I“; , . v : v.13 f (2 ‘Jép l‘. :1 "PW“, 1 tin? ('uflll.|' *f -(s. . deficfw Cy A”? t0 W I Q ‘ .- be “nosnkuru aq beivi rags 8*f8€"ri€m 6f two sfimw“sr ihns. Va gives a raxfio r7 ‘ L \. -.- w I w~‘-a -‘- .- -n L -. 2 ~ ‘ A q -'. . ‘4— J ‘ vu . .o. avaifan‘m .,-:--}s:v.~)m.~, to 8.15.“ .3 -..-I 5!] as, hung: rr«-..&ct-i we 3":- O 93 a -J :1 .f‘ :qu .4. I': I _.. .~. -~.:. .2 - : .‘ .1, . -- £1er 1.: much .3, Is it. *vnsts..~?v.:e 14.8»? E‘. nae can..- .1 ‘- ...9 ; .. .- . . ‘,:.‘. _.-...4-..-.: 4‘ to erant to CTJGJAC tun ants arzfim (f a r;.u C ~c».- :A“35 u, arsenic: '.:m,fld_ 'rrevwz‘. vy‘a'xe r-f 'p'r;»>szr-}-.nmm by ranch: {,3 tin, 1min ._ r J's—y: v ~ ,_ ‘ '. '1‘“ “V, I. ‘-r.~ T. F“ A '. ‘— Q. 1 c7. ‘. C v 0“" -‘f‘ v ,‘I‘. ’1’)“ p. 1-w- Ifi‘nof: O‘v‘ s U - an. ' f‘ x..:x‘ .t‘ . n ‘. .V r ' JL, . .. J _ ‘ '_£- 7. . I' -.\ t 7' ‘ ’ 5‘. I" 'L/ n - ., 1 H ~A ‘. ’ v~ ‘- w l r'mry ,‘, v - vu- .- ”A ~c - , ~| wn \y‘f‘ {1.47 5‘ T.) (Nix. MA}? ‘1'“. fl",\. Hw|l . ‘3... M‘, 57-7 .. ' 3- ' 70 x , I. . , ’ .. - Q . . w '1 S T”) T‘f’T‘H'V’U‘ r“"2'“ ’“73 ‘1‘"‘73 ”It”. '6) 6‘ Pr; A12. 0 1.4“1‘. ,',_"‘.',,, :AW 737 A TE V I 'I‘C‘LR'T‘O I"NUTS 1P’11'.’I’:G I?! awry; Hum“ gym magma 3g rm LR’CD AT>"‘-Q:"‘TA.."‘I‘ TI‘T Cfi’T'TE"'“R.-.’TTA""5<, IFTT “PO RT~"?¥'T‘, ETD'TV'V’A‘ 1‘3"? '2?) 35(1), 17.50, 675 AND 0 POITII'). PER ACRE f3 ‘1‘ where 1t van 1 slaw as a whngwkfifiws Swffiiia~q3 Rf?;*fi"7 There is 0r"“‘"'v an ivd§.cafi€fin t%at arsrwic at hipher Cfinxaniratirns is wVatevor t~n n9 nre of the toxicity may he. Hciean (16) in discus9ink t%g hazard of fgyic amfimn+9 Qf arnefiic in :Tants vewtares tFat there is littl edannar of arsem:1 cortent of El nts exceeiirg the Federal Security yancv maximum toVerance of 3.6 parts per million since b13113 die Ltfi“1e t'i cannertration is reacked 1n the tissues. The 5152mcL 00"tent} faund was in Quinn tots grown nn sail to which ha: been added 1030 pounds lead arsenate Per acre. Tue mast stunted tomafice bIant Irv tie picture, Piahe VI, rrqw 5L sail carrying more than t Fae .. 11 i. :4 times this cr\r~m=nt“"*1‘xn. Grnwth Feahfinae of Flavts to Mixtures nf lead Argenafe and DST with H11731923 C”tidy loam ann 0.}M 930 Tra: v fiufiq 13¢; arggggfe _ Efiifil.£:§ii- Each increm>n+ of 1931 ar.epate on Vilisdrle ”(may loam pave a signi fie ant defresslmn, compared with the contral, in growflh of Sudan grass (Tulle IV ani Frrure 3). TVQre was not the safie reiat1nn3b 1p in tb .e Oshtemo loamy sand series. Q in tde latter case, tLe¢6 $73 an increase in piant weight abrrnacha inr Sign 1ficance fram LPe first increment of Eczd ar:<3'm e and on1y he 12»0 no.1nds re: acre a~p11cation res*1te& in a si~nif ma:t rrowth depression indicating taxicity. An erpTanation of these results is mat imrediahe7y ahéaremt. “ ... ‘. p. ,‘g -n g. A ‘I tn— ‘\ L. 1' Y . Qfl - ‘ girst, there is trL ¢1fferuuae beL¢°en tgq yrs 2?} s in amnlut of "x 1“ "1“:le IV EFFIE'?‘ CF ICED AF;.TLT:A'T'E “ICED WITH HI Il;$‘.1-I4E So}??? 131%! IJID OSHTEZvS‘i I..';.‘-“?Y 3.5.”?! f.“ T GFOU’TB (XI ~me GriizE-S -—--__._.....~=:=:-.......~ ‘ "4?": r- : ..._ " _~—‘::_m" °';;.=':;:': 3:“...217‘1‘: ". I :.flm..." I ead a .41-... 5 " .113. .W 32:93“. " ' as: ‘= . Arenna‘re Pl -:. #9. j Adjusi tad ‘! ,3 ' Tree" tr-fivtt I .‘Q I " a‘ _ €32.13. 3?. rw arts Aver—v.0 "xv-w—v~-.- -m-‘fi—l‘o “Mm . L..-‘ ID". . I_5'i1:.‘%t.,2’ F97- R..‘_‘}"£' I" I”??? “staid ..-v-i-Om an ca‘tJnadfit- A --¢u'-on Q “I .‘v -- ”x“ 'Iu-mr‘u- you: ~ «:1 5: frame 3%: 15:. $319.: -5 -J ’1... I—J Cl 10‘s 3 ') 5' .5 1 . *‘ n —.‘. ' a u v5-0.9- -_"- -‘- - —-..' —— -o-.--v.-'—-o------——. :- u a room.- —-- rv -I. a -.- n .'.- —~.v- -m “0;. —-;*u”------ fnfiz-M-m- -— r a.- r- ‘na—v-I—‘r- ‘~'-V’- :_-: o '- o-w- -’ ‘F‘ —-— ~u--—z---~—c— ‘- .- J 3 .‘o I l I I {J (\ h L." A u- . «h 1- J ,I 1 ..- '>(‘\ 0 1 ’D 9 z 1 P c’ 1: (L1... .— —— 5-5:" a- o—c—u-u Jin-I'I— .3...— -.- -- gm -2? #7.. _ a...“ #5.- -~.. 27: u "; 1n 5 '2 o 8 Exam 3.: wmuw-mr— W‘fl‘1:'€;g- .:F‘3fl'flie' 1"”. W L:—-..... - 41:: 4.6L " .4. o :l‘ L \T‘ U —— ._ .;_-=-” u—o—a .- u -- o— " arc—.0 .9 —-—o- .. -« mr-m0—o-‘- .- fi—u— - tr.— ”cw—.c --—o "—- ~v—- r~ »- ~ ‘3 .~ I; " ll i ;_- 5 Ir] 1“ E I3 a.” ‘ -‘ v r—‘I-‘U- cut-1".- g... cm ms...- r-u‘ o-J ’9'" --.—,-“1.—-.—“~ ”(yo-m. "m--;- b-a-v—a'v r‘. F, u '1 ’3 '7 q ‘ "I . ~~ ' l fr) ..w— -—" 0“... '- <—-- r..- - -n-¢-~- .0“ ' .J—I- .- a—a-u- -q— v 'f Avi .7.— ---~— -. -- I a. —.¢-—u ..- - c-o—--'-- .-—.-- o- -- ro- <—. 7‘.” .'--crv-v-oo-‘r. qqun-——-—- -.:;‘ 1 *w-ar o~-,—-», . ‘, (r ‘ ‘ L‘ " f .0 --¢‘D-".” "..W'C -(c-- J Jj ‘- 3 . .3 ‘0‘ '—.-.-C r 1 r ‘- 5 t f. 1 . ) c: r} rhea guy ll ‘1 wan-Jr“ mw~m~mm or H ~ V a“ I ' a: ,.‘ . In. A x t 29 " II x /3\ LI‘ I I fi I. I “N N f i t i : § 5 i )- I’ 1 -—-—-—-—-v— r:; Mm~ ID: "f z; b LnLn A) C'LJ‘. . an 9 n . “t -'»-m—— .— ,_ m— =‘— --z- :.‘m;! I‘c-m-u-vw-rav-In-—-m-w—I A-~-- ...- JJrBrt simificF-mf diff evjenf n .“t (.In 1:948 —- w— nub-mm -—--— - m*~:-— n-u *W-r‘ I'm-«.mm -’-hAI—r— ~-.—-—vl’-—- -— ‘ ‘5 n—‘gro- “tn—um- Nlr Cl): (.3 .4 CD . D l . H I 3,4,4 . Qua To P. tw- ’3 h) 0 b O\ ' ..~s vl- ‘ b 1L Um Ln? 1.) 323': 7*:mzzsmsu .. ‘ --- r*"" -..1.“ I n 0- .. , ‘ - o. -..I “r: 4-» U 41" - '1' £4 o u 1 w «'3'» <5) ;' 1 2?; R)?- “('39 r u 3: e '31 n :39, 6 ==::.z' :zmxn- ._ 7+; tarmnnzwfiézzrxxcmgzgfiiszzs2:: ...cmzzz '> '3 "-e’; 1 ' r 2; 4, L- .' ‘ " J Q -‘;‘-’~- ,. Pa—a l“. . 7.73%.“:- ; I E i i z i i ! 3 i 1 5 .. C‘ 1-.) !3 Lb. :, 1 ‘It‘ifl it ~ 24:- w l Ln , qcntfi 3 g.) 1-..: *4 .5... J1 . )L.) L.) F: ...J .A) b C? 212-4-5- _ __ :7”; 3 2 - a 2' 3 r. ‘x- ¢ ' J-‘a '1 j'.’ so u 12 n 6 q 6 a. -.4 - _1 :4— I: 6’) T' I 'r" '7 5' '7 ‘3 m--.» _. ' J A. L _ _- ‘1‘ p- ——._..._ A .. ...—-— —.-.. 0—“ ~-——.—.-— “..__- “--* T“— J ”'9‘. r\1 fyfi'vh: (‘I'rlf (:I‘f‘oi'VP'!{‘L‘ qt 3'- '7 --—- .« .I‘~r;-k~ r “I“- “on: -4r‘w-~y-—n: ;. _‘f _- 2' v. AIL.- ~—M~,¢ at. g . our-w “- ‘- ‘V" W “WV“..O' w.“ I—". *‘I ”ht-r 00a ‘5'“4 ” '-'-- 'hm-H‘ *' O. "— ~ V' . w “I- "”0 Whfim ‘- * Sits“ N ctr-4'7 'r r?“ "‘a-rc-r t r. ~_.... ,. ... '4‘ ....4 ,\ _. I\") l- t 1 £760le 3. 500A” 677,455 GROUT/f AS If [5 flFFfi'CrED air dry :0er of [064% - grams By 4540 MSEA’AFE MIXED Id/Tfl 50/15 [Ii/ls/a/c 54 ”My. loom _______ 0“}me loom, son/ O A??? 390 600 130° /¢'00’ oaruov’e -£oeua’s' fier- oer-e F/GVRE 4 . Sap/w 677/93: GROUT-H As 17 I5 Afr-Ecru: air dry we/jlrf- offibr/s ‘- from 90 UV PDT IVY/tap tan-H sous s- L/L ‘h . ta. HillaJn/e 0000(9 luau —————— Og‘clno /~~J .9041] n .- '9!- \ 1.0- \ ‘ x __ § ,6 I- ~ ~~ ~ fi. ~ - 0 «r ’0 30° ‘00 PDT - float/s fier- acre Erawi . Both were srvf‘ivc witl.what was tEOtfht to la adequate amornie of nutriehir, yet tEe Elect growih was much greater, as an average, on the Hilledale sandy loam than on the Oshtemo loamy sand. Second, there was a much wider range of toxicity response to lead areenate with the Hilledale than with the Oshtemo. No arsenic resulted in five times more growth and 1200 pounds lead araenate in only one half as much growth on the hillsdale as on the Oehtemo. There apnearei to be no correlation between soil reaction and arsenic toxicity. The slight difference found in these soils, Hillsdale p3 5.h and Cshtemo p? 5.], could hardly be suspected as causative. The lower yields, in general, obtained on the sand could be attributed to the lower general productivity of this particular soil. Possibly the decreased range of growth depression on the loamy sand resulted from.a greater rate of translocation of active arsenic by solution or elutriation from the upper to the lower roru tion of the soil mass, the watering having been from the too. This would be in agreement with Wiliiams and Whetstone (23) who believe arsenic would be leached in 3 id sandy soils. Tie silt and clay, higher in proportion in the sandy loam, could have naintained a toxic concentration of active arsenic throughout its soil mass. It has been shown (9) that it is the more nearly water soluble free“ tifins of arsenic that are toxic and that if roots can develnp in areas free of active arseoic the plart growth will he more nearly normal (13). Greavee (9) also reverts a wide variation between ‘ total and water aolut‘e araenic in various 9F3LS. This ie attr;« hufes among otler factcrn, to the "kiné" of art” without eugweetirg more deiiriicly the soil characteristic; involvafi. O The euecepiihility of Sheen grass to arsenic toxicit} ie art in agreement with Vincent (22) who includes fiefian graes arwnf {Teen manure crors recomreuded for reclaimirg Iraeric Coniafllnaifd soils. The STSQJt increase in trowtt of Sudan {rats on Oshtem: loam sand, obtained with the firet iorreeont of lead areenate, visit be eiguific:nt, Greaves (9) refiorts that bacteria ted at from 60 to 100 :ownfie ct arsenic, though it is fiepres'od at I 300 Tennis per acre. There ccuid be an as ociated benefit to (W .r'tu” Q De reesioo of Suiag (rage ("owih WEE obuurVRG from ,ner€F;ce on, and was greater on the Filledole eanfly loom than on tte flatten“ loamy sand series, The appearanci of the inflan grafiq showed tittte difference other than a generally diminie ea {rawlh {??aie: VIT and VIII.) There was a browning of the roots near th, eoi surface but sirce it was were or less uniform in all treatments, and the controi, this was thought to be normal. Foot developrnnt arfieared to rara339r that of the tors. [‘53: — 81:33:39. erggg. As is szhrwm in Table V and. Figure 1:, ...IDT ahrarertly had a sighificantlv derreaeihg effect on the growth of Sudan grass on Fillsdale Sara; loam at between 300 and 6C0 yourfie yer acre and on Oshtemn loamy Sana at 150 pounce Tor acre. At lower ody— A. Y“: A "‘2": 1m r. ”1"“ -. _ _ . ‘v ‘5')“ ~\ p“ 1 I‘ f‘T f». N'VFNV‘Hllifiy 5 {la .“ \f‘o 5.: q'Y— ”fl“ ‘ M_ v V “‘1‘- ‘0 *"T A \Jl ‘ . . \V V ‘ .' A . . _. ‘ . d . H’ A . .‘ ‘ Z P -.r-‘,"-7n‘-r 'VV.‘.-—--‘ 'r ~13 1 'j'n ' “.""""‘ ray-y v v‘ \ "T m ~ " 4 v ..‘ '4 *‘,' !\|. , 1 t f". T‘) 1‘, ",1 d .1. (I! 3' r! W n. T\, ‘ a. I. .1“ m“ ,7 ’ } ‘_, t V ’ (in A- A " " 7 ';3.“."‘. ‘-'.f\}"‘f"~\' r" "T. _-'; ”I!“ .> ‘4 l .7 ' ‘ ' - ‘b‘ 1 “ \; 5‘ mt .. mi." ~_r---' QQr-trv- 'qfi'v‘ -;‘ , '- I: 1.7“: Y-v f V ‘q-.‘ , .' rs 4 I. 5 A m .' Wharf“. ’ E~: 2:34; 0-? .713? had? 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C—Iy ‘ -I n - a— n— — - -- a ~ 0” u. . ’0 u . . «- --. ‘. . ~ - — a- u - ~ 0 r- - .-.-O - n 4 - - .— c o w-- -- 1 ..A ~ I ~ . n.- — . - — - Q -- .~- . '9 ‘. ov- - . ' . . ‘. . g o- o .- ‘r . ‘ ,. . , , < ..- . . ‘ t ". ‘- o’ 1 \ '7 "‘ I . _ . 1 t g L’ . -‘ n ‘ . c wcefitratinn and nn Csnte"o }namy sand at $00 Faunds mar PC“P .1. 7K3 1j~7ter t,AtH'cd wail, in the case 0f Sudan grass tau, Showed 33 Pleant {rev wth éefiraseian at the lower leafi aFver17+e cwncen— Fratiats. This agrees witn the finding 0f others (18,22,.fi ) that arecd’c is more toxic, or tnxic at lower concentratinne, in unaveer tertured sni39. "eduTe nunlere were decreased, fellnwirg tfie trenfi A? field ”a reesinn shown in Tigires 5 and 6. However the effect un net lletion 1n the Oshfcmn leftmy sand series is not 5: gnjjicant at the five percent level. It is difficult to eX3lain why tlent gravffi, shown in Table VI, was preater on tne Cs~+ .nmo lmwry sand tiny on the Eilledale sewdy'leam. The oprcsi te was t :e cave with Sudan grass (Table IV). Anotker trend which is different on the two 30%33 is that of noduBAtinn. As tne 19° 6 arse a+e connefl-ration was inn“eag ed the deFressiun of F.3ant growth was accomran*efi by'an even :FFFFFr derreesiwn in nofivlet on on the Hilisdale sahdy ‘nzr tnan *1 the Oshtemo loamy sane. The same erflanatinn might“ hold. w‘hd of“: was snweetef: :n the preceeling discussion of the Sudan grass growth data. If tfie cencen- tratinn of active arsenic in the surface two Fr three inches had Eeen reduced, by translocation action of water, to a greater de¢1ree in the sand than in the sandy loam, there could be tie reasons for n 44¢?orence in growth sthF2._siorx. First, as in tFe case of Sudan grass, there would have been left an area more free of arsenic fnr '< rent activity. SecondTy, t at area in which modulation is natura11 air- er w. of [dark ~fl5- also wold/t (an! er: A.” gm FIGURE 5'. 30 may aka» 1-” MI ”opt/Anna” 05 fiFFECr’ED 37 N/ I'M/6 LEAD ,9 7935.416 r5 wxnv masons 5M0 Y Lo/m fi/lm‘ w ”’6 {- ‘v _____ ”pd” /€ III/bel's l b In :oo ‘ 500 11.00 /eo¢/ arsenafe - fiomrls ficr- acre F/fiVIPE 6. sorzsmv 65'0er 54/! MODULATIWV dir- (m (of. offlm‘: - yns. 0/30 Hole/e members 29: #FFBCTED BY ”IX/Mi Par mm 08” rsma Lam Y sAwa 13,. ‘1? J‘ P \ /\ fl, ,’ \\ v ’ \ ‘ /’ \"—_’—-'—-“‘~ It ‘- 1. fi/dm’ (0&ij /‘ ————— [fold/e ”limit“ 9 7 _ i i ‘ ' o_ I” 30. ‘00 (1-00 lead arrcuofc - flora/s fin» acre 37 more active would be less contaminated. If this condition favored the action 0f Rhirohia it would tend to affect the relative snrnly of nitropen on the treated soils, favorin: the Oshtemo loamy sand. (In 81] note there were few nodules located more than an inch from the root base.) The high nercentare of plante having nodule-barren roots in the Hillsdale sandy loan series, at the 600 and 1200 nnunds rer acre concentratinns, would tend to substantiateiris View. Greaves (9), workiny with nitrifying and ammonifying hacteria found these {routs to exist, without entirely stopping activity, at concentra— tions of as ruck as 82 tarts rer million, water soluble A8203. and that nitrification and amwonificatinn nroceeded at a high rate at 50 parts per million. F0 record was found of exreriments with arsenic involving the Specific bacterial group, Rhizntia. Q;fl_- §gyh§§;§, The same plant growth trends were exhibited with EDT treatments as with lead arsenate as shown by data in Table VII and in Figures 7 and 8. Plant growth was decreased with increasing concentrations of EFT. Growth was generally greater on the lighter, Oshtemo loamy sand. The incidence of plants with nodule-barren roots was significant at the 300 and 600 ;ounde per acre concentrations. Neither the data nor observations during Frowth indicated any of the stimulatory effect exhibited by the Sudan grass — DDT phase of this investigation. TIM-Lt nodulatifin was stimulated at the jnwyst. APE}: VII EF‘ECT OFB Di) ”Flat. ‘73) WITH FIJLSDALE SANDY 1.011% All?) 0“ REX) ICAFY SAKDQ Tr“ uEGHTH OF SOYEEEVS Aha BOOT NHUUHARIG { Air Drv wag-m, “ , F“; -. 1 _- l .‘rrot EDT To tal :restment 'Jiotal I w res-.'mwnt "array; TT'IIH‘? e I. ‘ .'.‘b 7‘ A *v. edL. 8 D‘ r145 4: S ILQI.A'-‘r‘j;* ”e e EFT 3‘;le g AV’? 1'25“!) rr‘ .‘1 ‘l G z'pmmrls Frans an arts; nuns-er nutter r. mimr Hillo fl?._‘__§3__ 3'121 3 jar-r1 '- u"... -— \v a P T‘- a. 't s _‘-»:>3L;‘- -'.2.’. 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"m—ov—o- 0v - w r ' -——‘ p - ~ . - - ~———-¢~— -M u,.---‘.—.--o--— - - "u. A ——v TY--n.—-v~.——W-o -—- o—- D- , ‘1‘ Ed 1"? t I now . - m1vm~ '.—.— .__-..._ v— 1" v ‘44—... v v ‘ om--- . - I 1.1:, ' '4? NJ an 631 Q F! 0 iii a M-— 4+ ' “- ..— ~—-~- o p - 19-- fi 1 ... 2:?) u < r) "-dwo-u - an“ '""-m-I‘m .w- u -'--'.——I “w. u or. -— ‘v _- - - ~— ~ — ... - --‘C’. - v— -- - —.- —---—.-1-r ---n so--- .w—o-'-a ---—r ”C'- -~1-— v—c-v— v-wdv-‘r—wO-u-e- .. c-uo v-w-o—-- '1' —.--.—..-—-o ' > z n- H ‘ r L r ' R c," T n . ., - I \' a £4 '- . ¢ 1..~ 4 -" *-I‘+ C't W'J.!v‘§'ly1+ 0" (l u.“— ---. A ..--"u. “ran. 4-.“ ---.- —-—- .- —~-a—“"~'o . ..- - - ... J‘9. v‘ .. . .- g «, n—I . ,:..- -‘.‘.‘- _. '-"... ... .. ‘. -.- l—v qfi- .-0 «49‘ ~ — “"0 ...-.'I- -~-‘ --'-~oa ”a no s W V ---I—w u. -—---—U'- 1} I ’\ I '5 J- 1 a w < ‘9' ‘C c. it) ’- t?) 3 ad "b M r fllfi ' I V .a cm- c/ry wt‘. 0f ,5st 'fns. alto Italy/e ”mob ens -Jm: I'S' So Hole/e ”W69 00' a’ry M. of [Joan's / 0 FIGURE 7. SOYBEWN GROWTH AND Moat/1.0770” As flFPETTED BY MIX/1V6 DDT [WT/l ' HIZLS‘DALE SANDY LOAN 89 90 16/1» I ave/3‘ (- 7; ——————— unit: I: Humblrs 1 l L A 0 75' [JD 3 00 600 007' — koala/5 fier- 40-: FIGURE 8 . 50YOE0/V 05’0er MD flavour/av #5 AFFECTED 8r MIX/No 001- 1mm asflTEMD .40di smvo fi/akf (0:13“ Z '- ————— floo’a/c u «(nob ”'5 lé ' 3 _ L . ‘ n fi 977‘ ~flovd/5‘ flrr acre ho concentration for the Fillsdale and at the first tbree increments for the Cshtemn, is theicated in Figure 5. The postulation of translonation of toxic materials to lower portions of the soil mess, made in the case of lead arsenate treat- ments, would not be justified in this case, unless it can be shown that the toxic neteriul is water-soluble or otherwise mobile. Foster (7) applied EDT to soil under field conditions in amounts up to #00 oourds per acre and, after four years, fourd by tests that very little had been lost. There is again the oossibility that imouri- ties associated with technical DDT could be both taxtc and soluble permitting more rabid translocation from the surface region of the coarser textured Cshtemo loamy sand than the Fillsdale sandy loam. Work of many investigators (l,lh,20,2b) indicates that soil bacteria in general have a high tolerance for DD?, and little sunnressive effect on Rhizobia could be exnected. Annleman (I) worked soecifically with Rhizobia. upon-’fl't. .1. {Aqu {1-""f‘|" 1“? "( x r r V, . ‘ . t. L ' 'p'l ‘., h ' 9. 3‘, "~ :T"" . ‘3" t“ ffillgda-e ganiy 1”5m 9011. frflm wlich ah 57d HTI‘Q 33038?“ ??i been remsvei, was “:81 to greenhouse etuiies to fleteréifie tte 8F?9otc of tTQ aflonM1lation of core} residnos no fiTsot qrnwth. Followin: removal of tbe trees, erers ffl “‘LdSv _ straxbcrrior ? llowefl b" findew {recs bufi Sb wr swrpressod growth in a reitern vbtch cn*nv4de& wit? fmrmer tree loaa Hang. 7kg set? used in ttnae stniifiq CI-n*3in9 5 2?“ T8??? “er Uiy1i on flP‘P“'3 (393“? o A no‘nal, arsevic-free Sfiil was rflYHd with the orrbard gnfi} at very- ?”r “P““eotr"ve in two serfes; 59rt37i793 eri 1 ferfi“f"ei Tne have)“ sat] new"! for tl’is “Jr'HPP v.63” Cn‘fiemn 70mm! sari coargnr w u. . ‘ 9 in tprn-HT‘B 871:1 301,337“ In fprpi1.'tl:,. Growth of nsvv teen: was s~§~1fi n.ot v inn-379i ttrmnqh tie 1‘} _ I A. _ V _ W ‘ _ L. . au«ut'o" of norms; sotl star..nv —... '_ V’- - . ~ . ~ 1 n. --.-. e ‘w; “Fffl‘v‘i lteve: »‘n {zit unfe“*‘ 1 art, ati at t‘0 first SWCPQVPTt of norrfii s05}. 25 “*r.e~t, I a V ‘ T59 Cl‘if. ”3.031.. 1 9355.”; f ‘5‘? .'5"Y“"‘-l'-:"'. 9“ 51.!" "' ”toga-1'3 “2 '3 ’.‘3 r F (J ”1 'J '1 CT W. l . J 0—4. 0 '1': D *1 p.3- '1) I) O was imfiineted as beifig between 380 3N6 ??) pfiunfis total $325“ yer acre on tbe fertilirefi series. “web a ca coletion coo.§ not he umfie on the unfertilized series Fe: u"afi n? the Btysn? sece~fiar influence of low inherent rroduotivity o? the vernal soi Srwytoms of t~T4C§ty were vertable bvt tbe most cemmon was a watery breakdown ana surseooeqt firv~r‘ of fre leaves fwll e retagpqnw tteir green cn‘nr Emerqeooe ani early breath was not aniCee b y affected. rths l? {Wee F8113 re‘firut of 63757 FliilYTFIE, Vitf:q c+ {L '7' u 12"«":~"'3=“" ., ”five ‘7!" i‘:"“"‘?’l‘.1" r‘ h? Pr'nyw- ‘-'1".““‘f(.".',~".x .y. i‘Ee 'f" “«- agrwto Tr in ‘7-0 ("*wfi‘r. i Q'W" :' f“ f “"is; f ’ t f‘I’ ffi73fiuf3 +33 f0r*i‘i’77‘”7“”““ 3” *r“ ‘ W‘Pi *7 ‘yé C?W‘T£r+‘vfl ”(>743 3i’j’ 70‘36 :1 f f‘ V (a ‘I‘J‘ 9’37". iz‘m‘wz 9". "1.“le WM. it's-"dawanf a, 5?‘(“‘€1 r”‘” as nhfierra‘4nnq7 +9r*¢, 5‘1 4~ilfin€e a suv”“Qnsifin n? iAYFtfi rvnvth V’n" iaafi areovn‘e had bpvn mixcd wfi+h 1V9 fin 3:5 3““ at ”y? T37“ “3 3530 rwfi’JQ “9? acre. 8‘3 Tér‘RVQ n3*:‘?*rar‘?v ‘1 '1 '4‘. ‘ 1 {5- ’ .‘_‘_ ~ ‘1 .. '. ' > f—V . fl . . A-.’.q ‘_ .w an at tne ,7w/ an4 L71 “4..“ :Flhzs a'gfi. :reve ratfis orr1c¢13ng ,_ , A -.~» - ... .1 ‘.. \ : ' ' ,.. .1-.‘ t1 93-50 , 2,1,3 arid 2“ “\‘I‘Ilf‘!.‘.,.~1 (in?! q T‘F' 87‘?!" .LVf‘ ‘ ‘7'. '7‘ 2.13 “ A i Gabrrfl 3'» rnca‘TEV hiSHnr tfixiBva wfitk frank]? ufiwiied land argevazé. .. s . . 0 ' nn?1&“é r ‘_q n 1" P: V" T F F: 13.13, ~ S: in Re 1111 I 1 21:8 errwn'fi ca“ 1 y tn ”C: emu! 5“§ ~O sufr:¢1 CO?‘,R1I‘T‘T“.: 4.“; "m . 1°55 8’?6“n*e,tfiflwd with CSElfB?)h Thar? 53.”: 7‘10, 37;”), .1 HO - -o g“ass marked7y narfiiy hr the Cshfp¢n loamy 887 @he“e was reapnn I em: ‘1‘? 7' {I 4‘ JrELK‘tivn refiifid of time 4...".1‘; efit Cflunti‘ips a? avse*in : Ix . .‘ . ~ an” ixufi T‘MT”R #9? acre, thrn‘nb‘h $.n.?‘P"-'".t"ff "f‘ 1-1"? .‘ hf thé 8T9 nf aryenic or~urred rhea it an 181* f3 C? d Czi‘fi-di ti 'm. D tfioq av; a crnt flier??? tnTera*t t6 arsenic 8‘4 on arup'l‘. {3 Art" ‘T“1.— ‘“) ihé ?rwit rvnvn on surh swi7s wwufi nhf cwnfafn tq rewRflr it U“Cflf9 far ‘Hngh ferti‘ivni Y1‘383379 snidv Ifiam 823 g 1 L v L ‘ \ L { tne Jabfiratnrv in CfiAP€3~?551*T r- Y1 d0*r?stei r”nv+? hf E‘n 3ft». rafts an HilisdaTO {fin ." .. 94 r1( 3’ i. \ i‘ 1 d the 72w“ hound T319 ‘4'. at on‘y to gnnrcct that t%ere had been a rafis‘ F CC : “a faxioni‘y-cv+4v~ C1113“ q .4 . in the canranr ta7tdvni Cthern 1nary surd. b? "‘-" Every 1‘9 I‘d-4'72- 2' 9:10. {fit-tic, ‘n Trio, vy'jv'ftpl' 713w“: *9 1 135:3? Cfu,..’§, "7e aFJii?;v “Fir“‘frs?wew# 5&418 at r: 69 n? Tfi, 753, fififi pwi éfifi rnnfid; (”C vprcwvt CGmMRTOid‘) tév aflre fray: frnwfih hr ??' pia?c . actwa rn‘tn: ‘ frvath at the d0““€¢~fi8 t31x1r1 . tr' \ and 6?3 'nwna me? .e {1 sligfii; 3L1Juxrfiiirwz'3fi 7 :avt '3 myrm- r31"? 4: e M“ 83“"? (283.“ m' , “319.1? ”m: S ‘ 5 ‘f . « 1—;- Be“rnnsihn nf Snfiaw frrva arrwih frnm I?“ fin th unkflewo 18n.y sava infiiwata é, a9 in Lie cane wit? #33 arserwie. i?e “OSfl§?i‘3'y Pf +Tarr‘flcafiffi r’ rfi*{:9 fnxic frac+‘nvn frnr {1 ‘9 +Pn ca’raer taxtnred 83“, SW 1w"r‘ca1 JP? 6- “:ffi*x irric Eu I ~ to ‘ .I {-3 .1.“ Fr treatmert were M.‘ .Lsr' i7“: .«4. v‘f ff‘r‘fiS9, w! 113“; “'1‘1 £d‘71’cimtn" 3W”, Teflr99~oi in gréhfh Fy Efif‘ icad arse.rtc 8rd 7?“ an rseu Pfi‘39, Fnt t“ 9 grpa‘e? 59:?95 ”n $59 35’3wda‘e quady “Jam“. ”355.117 {71315611 WE?“- aftf‘T‘6.°‘-:€‘fi RV I'M“? ”26.41 arqevmfe 8"T! 2"" ’3“ t3”? Ti 3afln‘e but fioitfiwr flfif“CRQFfl nAJMVat’nfi C“ t'n 59%fawn. “*fro Una Ernin ev¥detoe that some s‘_. f” . R ‘1: ._ , ,_‘ . I_ ~ .1 _ I " x‘ ‘Q ‘ ... "o . I" ‘A ‘ V. a" '4 ‘, V' ¢ 1‘ f ‘ 1* ‘ _ — . n 4 . . I I _~ . . ‘ - " , ‘ r - _II k. y ' I“ ! J - ‘ " - ' - 3 ‘ ' W i I l. W . J ‘T '.'; ., HV‘; -.. _ , _ a . . I u. 4. . -- I”. ”‘9". i". i‘- ‘7" Ir. 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I " .‘- .. ‘ 5 I I "L 'C Is‘ ‘ l? HICHIGQN STRTE UNIV. LIBRRRIES 31293009991427