g .5 “2% A REVISION OF THE GENUS CLIVINA IAIEEILLE (COL. CARABIDAE: SCARITINI) IN AMERICA NORTH or EEXICC --EXCEPT PARACLIVINA AND THE W COMPLEX By Thomas Francis Hlavao A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Entomology 1967 @4573] I C If; 5‘ Cf ., [407 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to gratefully acknowledge Dr. Roland L. Fischer for numerous useful suggestions, Dr. William Downes for a legion of ideas, and Dr. Gordon Guyer for making an elegant optical instrument available to me. .My wife, Barbara C. Hlavac, provided much encouragement and drew the figures, both of which are deeply appreciated. 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction and.History of Classification 11- Acknowledgements III. Taxonomic Characters IV. Ecology V. Methods VI. Key to the Subgenera and.8peciesl VII. Alphaclivina Elavac NEW SUBGENUS W Leconte VIII. Semiclivina Kult NEW SENSE Americana Complex Pallida Complex palligg'Say W Complex dentipes DeJean Rubicunda Complex rubicungg Leconte IX. Betaclivina Hlavac NEW SUBGENUS 2225222 Pall X. Cllvina Kult W Complex impressifrgns Leconte pggctigera Leconte punctglata Leconte nggo; Comp ex fossor Linne collazis Herbst. §3,0cmp1ex bg_Hlavac NEN'SPECIES ‘gggpgztg_filavac NEW SPECIES XI. Plates XII. Bibliography 111 INTRODUCTION AND CHRONOLOGICALiHISTOBX OF CLASSIFICATION The genus gligigg Latreille is one of the largest genera of small fossorial scaritine carabids containing approximately 300 species distributed throughout the world but concentrated in the tropics. The fauna of the United States consists of about 25-30 species, most of which are restricted to the southern states. The glizina of North AmerIca are poorly known in terms of depth and scope of published coverage and also in terms of the lack of consistency in the determination of museum.specimens. Host species treated here were des- cribed.by Leconte who provided a key to the North American species (1879). Blatchley (1910) modified this key for species known to occur in Indiana. Fall (1922) reviewed and commented upon Leconte's work, described one new species, and divided the genus into four groups based mainly on the development of the mesotibial spine, the outline of the clypeus, and the arrangement of setae on the last abdominal sternite. Kult (19h7, 1959) described many new African and Asian species, broke the genus Cliviga.into several genera, and described several subgenera, some of which apply to the North American fauna. gaggglizigg,Kult was originally des- cribed as a subgenus (19h?) but was later given generic rank (1959, p. 17h); it includes the bipustglata group -2- ggggg’Fall. While the few species of gaggglizigg_that have been thoroughly investigated differ considerably from other groups in important characters, I do not think these differences are best reflected by giving Eggggliziga gen- eric rank. . The subgenus Semiclivina Kult (19h?) was erected for Q. dentipes of North America and its neotropical allies based on the presence of what Kult described.as "a deep longitudinal furrow" on the proepisternum. This structure is actually a slight ridge containing a large number of parallel streae similar hn appearance to a diffraction grating! --a similar structure occurs in.at least one North American species of Argistgmis. Semiclivina is here considered to include 2. pallida and rubicunda, both in the impressifrgns group of Fall and the amazicana group of Fall. Kult (1959, p. 179) states that the amegicana group is "identical with” the African antglensis group of the subgenus ggpglaggg,Schmidt-Goebel. Because of the paucity of Iult's descriptive material and my unfamiliarity with African glizigg, I am unable to say if Kult's assignment of the aggricana group is correct. -, Lindroth (1961) provides a key for the Species inhabit- ingHCanada and Alaska and illustrates the adeagi of the .two introduced species 9, fossor and collaris. . The adeagus has been found to be of great taxonomic significance and is used here extensively, for the first time in North American Olivine systematics. Structural -3- differences (in the adeagus), both internal and external, are correlated with the morphology of the head. The subr genéra and complexes recognized here are, for the most part, based on characters from these two areas. C. (Pazgclivina) Kult (bipustulata group 52952 Eall) is doubtless a natural group and is the only supra-specific taxon used here in the sense of previous authors without a change in composition. While the decision to give certain groups the status of subgenera is, to a certain extent, arbitrary, the group- ings adopted here break the North American Clivina found into a number of more or less closely related lineages. With the exception of g, (Betaclivina), all subgenera recognized here extend into Mexico and probably throughout the Neotropics. ‘ The fact that the fauna studied is polyphyletic and the fact that only a few species, at best, per lineage were studied, makes it unwise to make statements about relationships and phylogeny. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study would have been impossible without the kind cooperation in the loan of specimens from several Individuals and from the curators of the following insti- tutions (the abbreviations are those used in the distribu- tion records): -u- American Museum of Natural History; Mrs. Patricia vaurie California Academy of Sciences; Hugh B. Leech Carnegie Museum; George Wallace David C. Miller Terry Erwin Florida State Collection; B.E. Woodruff Field Museum; Henry Dybas University of Kansas; George W. Byers University of Minnesota; Ke Chung Kim Huseum of Comparative Zoology; P.J. Darlington, Jr. Michigan State University; Roland L. Fischer Ohio State; Charles Triplehorn Oklahoma State; W.A. Drew Boss T. Bell W.C. Stehr Joe Schuh San Jose-State; Terry Erwin University of Alberta; Donald Whitehead & George Ball University of Michigan; Irving J. Cantrell. TAXDIOHIC CHARACTERS Because of the taxonomic importance of the morphology of the head and adeagus, it has been necessary to introduce new terms for various structures. The following description of Clivina morphology does not, except where indicated, include Paracligina. -5... £232; The anterior margin of the labrum.has seven setae, except in Alphggligigg,where only five are present. The clypeus is divided into a medioclypeus and a pair of latezgclzpei (figs. 13, 1h). The lateroclypeus covers and protects the mandible and head interface during burrowing. The suture separating the two clypeal elements is frequently difficult to see except under high magnification and low light intensity. The margin of the lateroclypeus varies from broadly rounded to highly angulate except in Paraclivina in which the lateroclypeus is much smaller than the other groups and has a slightly sinuate margin (fig. 13). The anterior boundary between the latero- and medic-clypeus is. frequently indicated by a small triangular projection. Posteriorly the clypeal sutures converge on the anterior tentorial pi§§,which are well developed in.all species, extremely so in Pazaclizina, and extend from about the posterior third of the clypeus to about the anterior third of the eye. Internally, the dorsal arms of the tentorium bifuncate Just below the surface into two areas; the anterior branch forms the medial wall of the mandibular articulation socket and the lateral branch forms the medial wall of the antennal articulation socket. The convex area bounded anteriorly by the posterior clypeal suture, medially by the tentorial pits and pos- teriorly by a line drawn from the eye to the end point of. the tentorial pit is here termed the antennal shield (figs. 13,1h). Other names applied to this structure include -6- clypeal shield (Lindroth 1961) and frontal lobe (Andrews 1929). Morphologically this structure is neither part of the clypeus nor the frons but is a portion of the gene. I think it best though, in this case, to use a functional term rather than a morphological one. A well developed epistgma; suture is present in §ggiglizig§,(except pallida) which separates the medioclypeus from the vertex. The texture of the vertex varies from smooth and shiny in Semiclivigg to heavily punctate or rugose in the impressifrons complex and.A;phac;ivig2. All species of glizig§.studied possess either a shallow round 291;; or an elongate fossa on the vertex. The for- mer structure is sometimes very poorly developed and . difficult to see. Two supraorbital setae are located in a deep, broad fossa which is bounded laterally by a carina which is.not continued internally. In the §§_complex the vertex proper is separated from the supraorbital carina by a shallow furrow. The antennal scape with three or fewer setae except in.Alph§£1i1;ng where more than ten are present. The teeth of the mentum is sharply pointed except in.§ggigligig§_and the amegicana complex. 222125; The lateral margin of the protibia is armed with a large setaless apiggllprojection.and three, smaller, setiferous lateral spines numbered respectively one to three from apex to base. Frequently, spines one and two -7- are armed with a small tooth based of the insertion point of the sets. The lateral margin of the first protarsal segment in gllzlpg s.s. and Alphacllglna is armed with a large tri- angular tooth which is a derivative of a small lateral carina found in all other subgenera. ggzgzgj The basal margh of the elytra always bears a setiferous cupule and in addition, most species possess one or two basal ridges lateral to the cupule. Third. elytral stria or adjacent interval bears four or five setae. ngg veggtion; Interspecific differences in wing.ven- ation in the Olizlna studied are found in the presence or absence of a wedge cell and in the position and number of the very large setae at the base of the oblong cell. The wedge cell is formed from a fusion of branches- of 2A.and 3A, and is found fully developed in Olivine 8.3., W and Paraglivina (except pallida). Olivia palllg§,and planicollls show successive stages in the obliteration of the wedge cell (figs. 26,27,28). Because of the tendency for wing venetian to become simplified in the smaller members of a phyletic line,_the presence or absence of a wedge cell is probably not a valid character for subgeneric classification. The taxcnomic significance of the observed differences between species in the number and position of the very large setae at the base of the oblong cell has not been fully investigated. -3- W; The flying wings are fully formed or greatly atrophied in‘g. are one, rubicunda, and fossor, apparently both conditions exist in.a single population. Atrophied wings extend to about the apex of the second abdominal segment and are approximately half as wide as the elytra. Apdgmlnal sternites: The lateral portions of the second sternite are flattened while the medial area re- tains the normal eternal curvature. The border between these two areas is marked in Sggicllzlna, except pgllida, by a pair of carinae originating at the hind margin of the metacexae near the midline and diverging outwards. The flattened areas of the second sternite along with flat first abdominal sternite are in immediate contact with the trochanter and the proximal part of the femora as the femora is rotated downwards. This reduction of eternal curvature decreases the amount of volume between the_femora, trochanter, and the sternites as the femora rotates and is an.adaptation to burrow dwelling. Angl_pggg§ggg§3 Fall (1922) first called.attention to the taxonomic usefulness of the arrangement of the four setigerous punctures located along the apical margin of the terminal sternite and partially based his four groups on this character. The ratio: distance between median. anal puncture and nearest lateral puncture/ the distance between.median punctures, varies from u in Seglclivina to 1.5-3 in other Olizlna studied. -9- Hale genltglla; The genital apparatus of male Olivine consists of a large cylindrical adeagus (=median lobe) and a pair of parameres attached to the ventral surface of the adeagus near the base. The apical third of the adeagus contains the internal sac which is everted through an open- ing in the dorsum into the vagina of the female during copulation. Posteriorly the internal sac joins with a pair of sclerotized arms which form part of the averting mechanism. Muscles originating on the wall of the adeagus insert on the arms of the averting mechanism; contraction of these muscles results in the eversion of the internal sec. The apex of the adeagus varies greatly in structural complexity. The simplest condition is found in llphgcllvina and Bgtgcliz1na where the ventral surface is sclerotized and produced into a sharp apical projectign. The apical projection of Sgglclivina can be derived from the Alphaclivina type by twisting it out of the plane of the ventral surface and increasing its surface area (figs. 1,2,u). The apical projection in the Semicllzlna studied is nearly perpendicular to the plane of the ventral surface. While in the above , mentioned groups, the wall of the adeagus directly above . the apical projection is poorly sclerotized, in Clizlna s.s. this area, the apical plate, is large, moderately sclerotized, and completely covers the small apical projection (fig. 5). The internal sec in all groups except in the subgenera gllzlp§_and Alphacllvina consists of a membranous mass whose surface is covered with a large number of very small squat -10- spines. In Olivine s.s. the membranous portion of the in- ternal sac is surrounded by a helix of large, slender Spines (figs. 5,11). The unique internal sac of Alphaclizlpg consists only of two lateral rows of spines or haris; it is not a solid structure (fig. 3). The everting mechanism varies greatly in structural complexity. In its most simple form, as in Alphaclizlna, a pair of arms articulate with the internal sac and continue to the base without fusing. In Semiclivina the paired anterior arms fuse forming a primary basal arm which is arched medially. In Betacllvine and Olivine s.s. a large hemi-cylindrical secondary basal arm arises at the point of fusion of the anterior arms and completely covers the primary basal arm except ventrally (figs. 23,2u,25). The adeagal base, posterior to the insertion point of the parameres, varies from one-third the total length of the adeagus in Ollvine s.s., Alphaclizlna, and Betacllvina to less than.one-fifth the total length in Semiclivina. The parameres and the lateral portions of the adeagal base are symmetrical in all groups except Semiclivine. The testes in Olivine are large coiled structures except in.Alphacllvina where they are much smaller and scarcely coiled (figs. 19,20,21,22). ECOLOG: Little is known of the ecology of Olivine and rel- atively few of their larvae have been described. Most -11- species live in habitats where the soil is continually moist enough to be compacted into burrows, such as the littoral zones of lakes, ponds, streams, also in the moist soil of tropical rain forests. Derlington (1962, p.359) states;"In Australia some Species...heve entered deserts and in the Phillipines one occurs in decaying logs." The author has collected 9. im ressifro s, denti es, and gggllg§p§,near the edges of bodies of water in very moist substrates. Not all North American Olivine are strict hydrophiles. Q. oregona occurs some distance from water (Lindroth 1961) and Q, pgllida has been collected in logs. Darlington (1936) showed that in Eastern United States while about 251 of the carabid species had.atrophied.wings or were wing dimorphic, almost all of the hydrophiles had fully developed wings. The most intensive study of the ecology of a Olivine is that of Philips (1909) who investigated some cornfields on wet muck soil in Ohio where Q. impresslfrons adults destroyed a large percentage of the germinating corn kerr. nels. Larvae of all instars and pupae were found in the soil 'a few inches to two feet deep"; the larvae are reported to be ”veritable little cannibals" and were not observed feeding on corn. No definite breeding season seems to be present in this species. The adult overwinters and is parasitized by the mite Canestrina sp. Olivine Egglghgggx’is sometimes a severe pest of corn, preventing germination of the seed (Eyles 1961). Philips (p.23) -12- explains the phytophagous habits of Q. impresslfrons as being due to the lack of animal food early in the season and notes that corn planted late in the spring is not mo- lested. The author has kept adults of 9. im ressifrons, plpgggglgtg, dentlpes, and.am§rlcana in the laboratory, for periods of up to eleven month, the beetles were fed pieces and whole insects, chopped beef, and dog food. The above species show no great differences in behavior. A burrow system is constructed, inhabited, and patrolled in much the same way as was reported for Scarites (Hlavac, 1967). Qllzlna, however, does not habitually back into a burrow after capturing prey but frequently feeds on the surface. METHODOLOGY Since lightly pigmented Ollvina turn.darker when . boiled in.water or soaked in ammonium hydroxide, specimens were relaxed by soaking in Barbers fluid for several hours to a day. It is possible, sometimes, to sex relaxed non- black species by examination of the abdominal sternites in fluid with high light intensity; the female genitalia and the coiled testes of the male are often visable. Genitalia and.abdominal structures were dissected by first spreading the elytra by holding the beetle between the fingers, ab- domen.pointed.upwards, and then grasping the elytra.with dissecting forceps and rotating the abdomen downwards -13- with an.insect pin. The beetle is then placed in a drop of fluid in.a depression slide and the genitalia removed. In almost all male Cliglna dissected, the testes were preserved and evidently little decayed. A series of ten males of 2. im essifr ns, fixed in Dietrichs fluid and preserved in 95$ ethyl alcohol were dissected and no dif- ferences in gross structure of the testes was observed between these and pinned specimens. The posterior spinese portion of the proventriculus is normally visable slightly anterior to the testes. Slides of the proventriculus were made for most species. While there seem to be good specific differences in the structure of the proventriculus,.time did not permit detailed study; Using the.methods of Crow- son (1938) metendosternite preparations were made from most of the common species. The value of this structure in,gllzlgg,systematics will be known only after careful study of many more species than were available here. Aedeagi were soaked for twelve hours in 10} sodium hydrox- ide and transferred to clove oil, through 95$ ethyl alco- hol. Permanent slides, in Diaphane, were made of some adeagi, while others were stored in 95% ethyl alcohol in one-half dram shell vials in two ounce jars. In order to study elytral articulating mechanisms, the elytra of a few specimens of each species were dis- artioulated and glued to the point. Slides were also made of mouthparts, legs, metanotum, wings, pygidia, and female genitalia. -1h- Measurements were made with a calibrated ocular micro- meter mounted in the 18.5x eyepeice. Total length, given as a rough indication of size, was measured from apex of mandible to apex of elytra in straight individuals. ver- iation is expressed as mean length of the elytron 11 stan- dard deviation based on samples of 20 individuals selected at random. The holotypes of the Leconte species treated here as well as the type of Q, oregona Fall were seen at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, the types of g. unctulata,,pl§gl¢ collls, and texagg were dissected. The exoskeleton of Olivine is subject to considerable wear due to the burrowing habits and the long adult life. Moderately worn to teneral specimens were used in writing the descriptions. The 1... should work for all but the most extremely worn specimens. 1. 2. KEY TO SUBGENERA AND SPECIES Lateroclypeus small (fig. 13), anterior margin not produced above antennal shield; lateral margin of prothorax continues across level of pronotal base; notopleural suture nCt OVldOnteooooooooooooooooooooooooooooPARACLIva Lateroclypeus large (fig. 1h), anterior margin produced as a lobe above antennal shield; prothorax terminates lateral of margin at pronotal base; notopleural su- tur3 OVIdentooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooz Epistomal suture and pair of diverging carinae on second abdominal sternite present, 2; if both absent, as in pgllida Say, then protibia slender egg second pro- tibial spine well above base of antennal cleaner...........................SEMIOLIVINA....11 Epistomal suture and carinae on second abdominal sternite both absent; seCond spins on protibia directly across from or slightly above base of antenna cleaner; protibia robust to very robust....................3 -15- h. 6. 7. -16.. Anterior margin of labrum with five setae, antennal scape with more than ten seate........(ALPHAOLIVINA) planicollis Leconte Anterior margin of labrum with seven setae, second antennal segment with no more tmn three setaQOOOOOO0.00.000.000.00.0......“ First protarsal segment with a sharp “tooth” on lateral margin...........OLIVINA s.s...5 First protarsal segment without tooth on lateral margin........(BETAOLIVINA) oregona Fall Lateroclypeus broadly rounded, vertex impunctate...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO...0.0.0.000000000006 Lateroclypeus angulate, sides almost perpendicular, vertex impunctate or notOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO00.00000060000000000007 Elytra darker than pronotum, black, with one basal ridge...................fossor Linne Elytra lighter than pronotum, without “33]. 116368...o.......e.e.......e..collar18 Herbst Vertex with dense transverse concen- tration of punctures before a fossa 0r fgvea300000000.000.000.000...00.000.000000000008 8. 10. -17- Vertex smooth, no elongate fossa .r faveaeeee...e...oo.......oo....o.e............10 Large sub-setal teeth on first two pro- tibial spines located near apex; apex of second spine posterior to base of antenna cleaner; color-~black....punctigera Leconte Sub-setal teeth-not apical; apex of second spine anterior to base of anten- m Cleaner‘ calor"bromooeooooooooooooooooooooooog Pronotum elongate, ration; apex to lateral tooth/lateral tooth to base, usually greater than 2.7, with few punctures. Bangs, entire United States except extreme:West...........impressigrogs Leconte Pronotum not as elongate; ratio: apex to lateral tooth/lateral tooth to base, less than 2.7; with dense concentration of punctures. Range, Oalifornia..punctulata Leconte Lateral edge of medioclypeus elevated far above level of anterior margin of lateroclypeus; lateral margin of pro- notum not distinctly sinuate; larger than six mm; second protibial spine with large subsetal tooth oooooooooooooooooooooooneleorta Blame, NEW SPECIES 11. 12. 13. ~18- Lateral edge of medioclypeus scarcely elevated above level of anterior mar- gin of lateroclypeus; lateral margin of pronotum not distinctly sinuate; size h.5-6.2mm; second protibial spine with small subsetal tooth....pg,Hlavac, NEW SPECIES Second abdominal sternite without lateral carinae; protibia.slender, first two teeth located well above base of antenna cleaner; epistomal suture absent or very slightly im- pressed.................................p§llida Say Second.abdominal sternite with lateral carinae; protibia robust; epistomal Suture presentOOOOOOOOOOOOOO00.0000....0.0000000012 Apical mesotibial spine well developed, greater than 75‘ tibial “dthooooooooooooooooo00013 Apical mesotibial spine short, less than 20$ tibial width.............americana complex Two well developed lateral teeth on proactunooooooooooooooooeooooooooombicunda Leconte One tooth on.pronotum...............dentipes DeJean Subgenus ALPHAOLIVINA Hlavac NEW SUBGENUS Subgegotzpe; Olivine planicollis Leconte We Antennal scape with more than ten setae. Lateroclypeus large, angulate. Lebrum with five setae on anterior margin. Supraorbital carina extends outwardly, does not attain level of first supraorbital puncture. Ver- tex rugose. Epistomal suture absent. First protarsal seg- ment with lateral tooth. Second abdominal segment without carina. Elytra with four discal setae. Apical projection of adeagus elongate, sharply pointed, its plane continuous with the ventral surface. Internal sac composed of two lateral rows of partially overlapping smell spines or hairs--not a solid structure as in all other sub- genera of Olizlne. Everting mechanism, simple, the anterior arms do not fuse to form a posterior arm but remain separate to the base without apparent dorsal connection (figs. 3,23). Parameres symmetrical, lateral margin concave. Testes not coiled (fig. 19). ' £3353; At least Southern United States and Mexico. A second species of Alphacllglna is recognized from Mexico. ClemA (mommy PLANIOOLLIS Leconte 1857.12. 81 §zgggpmys ‘Q. texana Leconte 1863, p. h NEW SINONOMY 3:22; Types of plaglcollis and texana both at MOZ, both -19- -20... males, both dissected. Type legality; Of planicollls-«South Caroline; of texane-- Texas. Qlagppsls; Light rust brown. Readily recognized on basis of subgeneric characters. Pronotal tooth well deveIOped, pointed outwardly. Wt 5.5 to 7.8mm, Elytra length 2.73t.12mm. ngments; Consistently full winged. Elstrlbutlon; Southern United States, north to Ohio. Localltz gegogds: ALABAMA; Mobile (CA)(MCZ). ARKANSAS: Hope (UM)(MOZ). GEORGIA; Mt. Berry (FM). LOUISIANA; (K)(FM). MISSISSIPPI; Oxford (FLA). OHIO; Athens (S). OKLAHOMA; Spave inaw (3). SOUTH CAROLINA: Florence (O); Clemson (S). TEXAS; (AM)(CA); Columbus (GA); Fredor, Lee Oo. (OA)(M); Luling, Bidalgo Co. (0); Dallas (UM); El Paso (MOZ). W Kult 19w. p. 31. NW SENSE §ypgggmzj Dentipes Group Fall 1922, p. 163 Americana Group Ball 1922, p. 16h Impressifrons Group Fall 1922, p. 163, in part Subgepptzpec Ollzlna dentipes Dejean W: Antennal scape trisetose or less. Lebrum with seven setae an.anterior margin. Lateroclypeus, large, produced anteriorly. Epistomal suture present (except pglllgg). Vertex impunctate. Notopleural suture present. First segment of protarsus without large tooth on lateral margin. Usually a pair of carinae present on second abdomin- al segment. Without, or with one, or two elytral ridges and with four or five discal setae. Apical projection of adeagus long forming keel perpendic- ular to ventral surface. Apical plate absent. Everting mechanism with only primary posterior arm. Base short, less than one third total length, asymmetrical. Parameres asym- metrical. Testes moderately to highly coiled. Raggg; At least North and South America. AflERlCA COMPLEX Synpngmy; Americana Group Fall 1922 Dlagpgsis; Epistomal suture present. Tentorial pits deep, vertex elevated forming a roughly trapezoidal area bounded on the sides by the supraorbital carina, and enter- iorly by the tentorial pits and the episternel suture. Tooth of mentum triuncate. Elytra with two basal ridges and four discal setae. Apical projection of adeagus moderately expanded. ngmegts; Here are placed the following forms; aggllg Putz, aggrlgang,Dejean, mgrula Leconte, cordata Putz,.and 23£5,Leconte. Members of the americana complex seem to differ mainly in size and color. I am unable, at present, to determine the exact number of species present. PALLI COMPLEX gyggngmz; Impressifrons Group Fall, in part magnosls; Epistomal suture absent or very slightly -22- impressed. Protibia very slender. Second spine inserted far above base of antenna cleaner, a unique characteristic. Without carina on second abdominal sternite. Elytra with two basal ridges and four discal setae. Apical projection of adeagus expanded. Monotypic. CL v s C v: ALLIDA Say 1825, p. 22' 2123: Lost. Leconte collection followed. Type locallty; Virginia, Ohinquoteague Island, taken "under yellow pine bark.” W: Color light to dark brown. Characterized by the slender protibia, the apex of the second tooth‘in- serted well above the base of the antennas, two elytral rid- ges and the absence of a pair of carina on the second abdom- inal sternite. Head; tentorial pits shallow, tooth of mentum truncate. Prothorax: pronotum with one small tooth directed upwards. Adeagus: apex diagnostic (fig. 2). 22221.122822! b.5-5.umm. Elytral length 2.803.11mm. ggmmegpgz The few habitat labels seen all indicate that this species is found in dead logs, possibly under bark. The relatively slender appendages and shallow tentorium may be an.adaptation to this ecological situation, being a much easier substrate to move through and possibly not requiring the construction of a burrow. W; Eastern United States, north to New York and Michigan, west to Texas. -23- Loggllty gecords: ALABAMA: Mobile (CA). ARKANSAS: (CA) (AM). FLORIDA: 5 mi. E. Smithfield (AM); Crestview (AM); De- Leon Springs (MCZ); Liberty Co. (UM). GEORGIA: Tifton (O); Thomasville (0); Cape Charles (CA). ILLINOIS: (CA); S. Ill. (MSU). LOUISIANA: (MCZ). MARYLAND: (M02); 2 mi. E. Silver Springs, rotten log, (Sch). MICHIGAN: Detroit (UM); Flint rlfi (MCZ). NEW JERSEY: Camden (MCZ). NEW YORK: (CA); Buffalo ' (CM). NORTH CAROLINA: (MCZ); South M1118 (S); Black Moun- tains (AM); Elizabeth City (MCZ); Raleigh (S); Swannanoa valley (AM); Florence (MOZ). PENNSYLVANIA: Allegan (MOZ); ‘54 Pittsburg (CM). SOUTH CAROLINA! (K). TENNESSEE! (M). TEXAS! (MCZ). VIRGINIA: (CM)(CA); Virginia Beach Blacksberg (B); Newport News (CA). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA! (MCZ). CANADA! (MCZ). W Synonomz: Subgenus SEMICLIVINA Kult (19h?) 2123: dentipes Dejean Diagngsis: Episternum of prothorax with a slight ridge below notopleural suture, its surface is divided into a great many very fine vertical, parallel, striae, reminding one of a diffraction grating. Elytra without basal ridges and with five discal setae. Apical postero-ventral margin of profemora produced into a sharp tooth. Apical projection of adeagus large, arrowhead-like. Parameres with a row of setae along apical third of medial margin. Several species from Mexico, and Central and South -2h- America are placed here. CL NA SEM CLIVIN DENTIPES Dejean 1825, p. #15 Szponomy: corvina Putz. 18b6, p. 610 fissipes Putz. 18b6, p. 607 confuse Leconte 18h9, p. 198 georgiana Leconte 1857, p. 81 Type locality: Diagposis: Black. Largest North American.species. Characterized by the finely striate ridge on the proepister- num, the posterior apical margin of the profemora produced into a sharp tooth, and the lack of elytral ridges. Head; tentorial pits long and deep. Divided at level of epistomal suture by an oblique ridge. Tooth of mentum pointed. Prothorax: pronotum with one small tooth directed up- wards. Adeagus: Apex.and multisetose parameres diagnostic (fig. 1). Total length: 7.6-9.3mm. Elytral length (20exx.) n.5ht.27mm. Coppents: Consistently full winged. letplbution: Eastern United States, into Texas and Arizona, and north to Minnesota. Localltx pecopds: ALABAMA: Atmore (FLA); Mobile (CA) (CM); Spring Hill (CA); Tuscalossa (UA); Clarke Co. (UM). ARIZONA: Nogales (CA); Tuscan (CA); Paragonia (CA); Sabino Co. (CA); Yuma (M). ARKANSAS: Hope (AM)(CM). FLORIDA: Gains- -25- ville, black light, Alachua Co. (FLA); Myakka State Park (FLA); Olustee (FLA); Jacksonville (S); Leesburg (SJS); Tampa (FM); Brighton (CU); Palm Beach (CU); Enterprise (CA); Booksville (CA); Oneco Mantee Co. (UA); Bennington (UA); L. Okeeloree (UA); Arcadia (UA); Levy Co. (UA); Marion (UA); Kissimmee (AM). GEORGIA: Rossville (FM); Schauppe (CA); Brunswick (CA); Spring Creek (CA); St. Simons Isl. (AM). ILLINOIS: Kickapoo State Park (RB); Quincy (FM); Peoria (FM); Cook County (FM); Olive Branch (FM). INDIANA: Bloomington (S); Tippecanoe Co. (Sch); Lafayette (FM); Orleans (CA); Putnam County (KU);La- Porte (CU); Mt. Vernon (CA). IOWA: Mt. Pleasant (RB). KANSAS: Fall River State Park (8); Lawrence (K); Douglas (K); Onega (CA). LOUISIANA: Alexandria (S); Oplousas (CA); New Orleans (CA); Burlington (OS); L. Arthus (CA); VOwells Mill (CA); Covington (CA). MARYLAND: Monte (CA); Montg. Oo. (CA);Fred- rick (UA). MICHIGAN: Kalamazoo Co. Gull L. Bio. Sta. (MSU); Chippewa Co.; Whitefish Pt. (UM). MINNESOTA: St. Paul (M). MISSISSIPPI: Gulfport (OS). MISSOURI: Buch Co. (8); W. Quincy (FM); Maryville (CA); Van Buren (UM); St. Louis (UM). NEBRASKA: Lincold (CA). NEW YORK: Ithaca (UA); Rockaway (AM). OHIO: Athens (8); Tuscarewas CO. (OS); Scioto Co. (OS); Miami Co. (8); Cincinnati (UM). OKLAHOMA: Pushmetaha Co. (CA); Gore (S); 10 mi. 8. Sallisaw (RB); Hoff (S); Ft. Gibson (S)(OKL); Spav- inaw (OKL); Grove (OKL); Stillwater (OKL); Okemah (OKL); Hin- ton (OKL). PENNSYLVANIA: W. Fairview (CA); Covington (CA). TENNESSEE: Knoxville (Sch). TEXAS: Cypress Mills (CA); San Antonio (CA); Palmette State Park (CA); New Baunfels (UA); -26- Grayburg, black light (FLA); Brownsville (O)(FM)(CA)(UM)(Sch) (RB); Dallas (RB); Houston (S); Austin (CA)(UA); Knoxville (S); Hidalgo Co. (OS); Ovalde (08); Dallas (CU); Isabel (CU); Lee Co. (CB); San Antonio (CA). VIRGINIA: Fairfax Co. (CA)(AM); Great Falls (CA). WISCONSIN: Potosl (3). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: (CA)(AM). RUBICUNDA COMPLEX Diggnosls: Pronotum with two teeth on the pronotum and two teeth on the humeral angles of the elytra, unique char- acters in the Olivine studied. Two basal elytral ridges' present. Adeagus with apical projection not expanded apically. Shape of internal sac and support mechanism diagnostic (fig. h). Monotypic. CLIVINA (SEMICLIVINA) RUBICUNDA Leconte 1857, p. 81 lypg: MOZ Type locallty: Louisiana Dlagppsis: Light brown. This very rare, small species is characterized by the pair of teeth on both the pronotum and the humeral angles of the elytra. Head: Tentorial pits extremely deep, not separated at level of epistomal suture. Tooth of mentum pointed. Prothorax: Disc of pronotum flat, with numerous small punctures. Profemora robust, sharply constricted at apex. Protibia robust, second spine directly across from base of -27m antenna cleaner. Adeagus: Characterized above (figs. u,ha). Shape of internal sac diagnostic. Total lepgth: h.8-5.hmm. Elytral length (8 exx) 2.653.12mm. Comments: Bletchley (1910) failed to separate pallide and rpbicunda and described (p. 60) the latter as having one or two pronotal teeth. As a result of this, most museum spec- imens labeled rubicunda are actually pallide. Wing dimorphic. Distrlbution: Eastern United States Locality recopds: GEORGIA: Okefenoke Swamp (K). MARY- LAND: Great Falls (MCZ). NEW JERSEY: Prospertown (O). PENN- SYLVANIA: Philadelphia Neck (MCZ). Subgenus BETACLIVINA Hlavac NEW SUBGENUS Subgengtype: oregona Fall Impressifrons Group Fall, in part Fossor Group Lindroth, in part Diagposis: Antennal scape trisetose or less. Lebrum with seven setae on anterior margin. Epistomal suture absent. Lateroclypeus large, bluntly rounded to lightly angulate. Vertex normally smooth, sometimes with rough microsculpture, not heavily punctate. Tooth of mentum pointed. First seg- ment of protarsus witbut tooth. Elytral ridges and carinae on second.abdominal sternite absent. Four setae on disc of elytra. Apical plate of adeagus absent, apical projection con- ~28~ tinuous with and in same plane as ventral surface of adeagus. Internal see without large spines. Support mechanism with primary and secondary arms. Testes moderately coiled. ggpgg: .At least that of oregcna, possibly Asian in origin. CLIVINA (BETACLIVINA) OREGONA Fall 1922, p. 164 Inst MCZ Type locality: Corvallis, Oregon Diagposis: Light to dark reddish brown. Readily res cognized on.basis of the subgeneric diagnosis, especially the lack of a tooth on the first protarsal segment and the adeagus (fig. 12). Total lepgth: l4.6-—5.5mm. Elytral length 2.731.121“... Comments: Wing dimorphic. A Egpgg: Northwest United States and Canada. Localipy records: IDAHO: Lewiston (S). OREGON: Colton (CA); Blodgett (MCZ)(UA); Tillamook County (3); Umatulla (S); Klamath Falls (Sch); 3 mi. W. Dead Indian Soda Spring, Jack- son Co., under rock send her (Sch); 6 mi. E. Gardiner, Dougu las 00., Smith R. Beach (Sch). WASHINGTON: Monroe (CA); Hump- tulips (CA); Olympia (MCZ). CANADA: Salmon River, Glenamma (CA); Vernon (CA); Meritt (CA). BRITISH COLUMBIA: nr. Oliver (UA); Hope (UA); Merritt (S). Subgenus (CLIVINA) Kult 19h? Subgenopype: fossor L. Dlagposis: Lateroclypeus produced forward, angulate or -29- rounded. Antennal scape trisetose or less. Lebrum with seven setae on anterior margin. Epistomal suture absent. Vertex with dense band of punctures, or not. First pro- tarsal segment with large, triangular tooth on lateral margin. Without carine on second abdominal sternite. Four setae on disc of elytra. One elytral carine or carinae absent. Apical projection of adeagus arising below a well devel~ oped apical plate, its plane parallel to ventral surface, shorter than apical plate. Internal sac (except 9. pg) surrounded with helix of large spines. Everting mechanism with both primary and sec- ondary posterior arms. Base elongate, approximately one-third total length. Parameres symmetrical with few setae about the apex. Testes moderately coiled. Range: At least EurOpe, and North America. IMPRESSIFRONS Complex Diagnosis: Lateroclypeus angulate. Vertex heavily punctate with elongate fovea. Elytra with one basal ridge. Apical projection of adeagus rounded, not closely pressed against apical plate. Three posterior spines of internal sac increase gradually in length. CLIVINA (CLIVINA) IMP§§§SIFRONS Leconte 18““, p. 50 Type: MCZ. Type locality: New York State Diagposis: Light to dark brown. Head without coarse -30- punctures in fossa. Second protibial spine without large subsetal tooth evident from above. Pronotum more elongate than punctulata. Disc with few punctures. Apical projection of adeagus large, triuncate, sometimes with slight medial concavity. Ten to fifteen spines arranged in a helix about internal see, first spine small, difficult to see, next five increase gradually in length (fig. 5). Total length: 6.1-8.2mm. Elytral length 3.55t.2Omn. Comments: The larva of this very common specie is described and figure used by Philips (1909) (See Ecology). Distrlbuplon: Entire United States except extreme West. lpcallty records: ARKANSAS: Hope (AM)(CA)(MOZ); Little Rock (MCZ). COLORADO: Fort Morgan, Morgan Co. (MSU); Rocky Ford (M). CONNECTICUT: New Haven (DH). FLORIDA: (MCZ). GEOR- GIA: Clayton (CA). ILLINOIS: (CA)(UA)(CM); Rockford (CA)(FM); Springfield (FM); Dowers Creek (FM); Urbana (RB); La Salle Co. (RB); Grape Creek (RB). INDIANA: Richmond, La Porte (CU); Millen (FM); Pine (FM); ”I-a"(MCZ)(OA)(M); Sioux City (M); Denison (AM); Clinton (DM). KANSAS: Lawrence, Mt. Hope, Wyanw dotte Co. MCZ); “K"(CA); Riley Co. (FM); Stafford Co. (UA); Franklin Co. (UM); McPherson (MCZ); Topeka (CU); Douglas Co. (MU); Decatur Co. (KU); Yates Center (DM). LOUISIANA: (MCZ) (CD). MARYLAND: (MCZ); M. Fredrick (RB); Baltimore (CA); 8 mi. W. Elkton (UA). MASSACHUSETTS: Nabant (MCZ). MICHIGAN: Wash- tenau CO. (UM); Ann Arbor (UM)(FM); Mt. Clemens (FM); Charity Isl. (UM); Tuscola Co. (UM); Muskegon Co. (UM); Livingston CO. (UM); Aloona Co. (UM); Alpena Co. (UM); Iosco Co. (UM); -31- Gull Lake Bio. Sta. Kalamazoo Co. (MSU). MINNESOTA: Fillmore Co. (M); St. Anthony Park (M); St. Peter (M); Ramsey CO. (M); Mills Lacs (M). MISSISSIPPI: Greenwood (MCZ). MISSOURI: St. Louis (CM)(MCZ); St. Charles (MCZ); Langdon (AM); "Mo”(M); Nevada, Vernon Co. (MSU). NEBRASKA: (MCZ); Nalcom (CA)(MCZ); Lincoln (CA); Omaha (CA); N. Platte (CA). NEW JERSEY: N. Ang. Lesea (MCZ); Woodbury (CM); Atsion (FM); Colingswood (FM); Atsion (CA); Westwood, Bergen Co. (CA); L. Nelson, Middlesex Co. (UA); S. Plainfield (UA); McLean Bogs Reserve, Tompkins Co. (UA). NEW MEXICO: Les vagas (OM); Clovis (K). NEW YORK: Babylon (AM); ”NYC” (FM)(CA); Ithaca (UA) (UM). OHIO: Clinton Co. (0); Tuscarawas Co. (0); Hocking CO. (0); Columbus (0); Geneva on the Lake (CA); Sandusky (UM); Erie Co.-(UM); Cin- cinnati (UM); Lucas Co. Adams Twp. (23 in cornfield)Athens (ORA); Columbus (MCZ). OKLAHOMA: Roff (OKL); Lugert (OKL); Grant (MSU); Grove (OKL); Watts (Sch); Lebanon (OKL); Gurthie (FM); Hugo (MSU). PENNSYLVANIA: Allegheny, Pile Neck (MCZ); Manayunk, N. Cumberland (AM); Kempton, Pittsburg-(CU); Alleg- hen (CU); Wall (CU); Jeanette (CU); E. Germantown (CA); Phil- adelphia (CA); Conshohoken (UA); W. Care (UA). RHODE ISLAND: Providence (CU). SOUTH CAROLINA: "S.C." (MCZ); Clemson (MSU). TEXAS: Brownsville (AM)(FM)(MCZ); Davis Mts. (0); Sequin (KU); Palmette St. Pk. (CA). UTAH: Roy (CA)(UM); Weber-Co. (0); Utah Co. (0); Ogden (Sch)(FM); Salem (Sch); Benjamin (Sch). VERMONT: Stowe (RB). VIRGINIA: Roselyn (MCZ); Black Pond (MCZ). WISCONS SIN: Madison (0); Delavan (CM); Pembine (FM); Kenosha (Sch) (UA); Beaver Dam (UM). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: (MCZ) (M)(CA). -32- CANADAmONTARIO: Ridgeway (MCZ); St. Thomas (KU); Point Pelee (FM); Ontario (CA); Prince Edward Co. (UA). ' CLIVINA (CLIVINA) PUNCTIGERA Leconte 1857, p. 81 Type: MCZ Type locality: South Carolina Diagnosis: Dark brown to black. Head with numerous coarse punctures in the broad fossa. Second protibial spine with large tooth beneath insertion point of seta. Disc of pronotum with large number of coarse punctures. Apical projection of adeagus very small (fig. 7), only thin membrane connecting it with apical plate visable later- ally, four or five spines in helix around the internal sac which increase in length gradually.) Total length: b.8-5.hmm. Elytral length 2.93*.u6 mm. Comments: Consistently full winged. Distribution: Eastern United States, north to Illinois, west to Texas. Locality records: ARIZONA: Marion Junction (K). ARKANSAS: Paragould (MSU); Hope (MCZ); Knoble (O)(MCZ); Brinkley (AM); Black Fish Lake (A); Little Rock (MCZ); Warren (Sch). FLOR- IDA: Suanee Springs (K). GEORGIA: (MSU); Meridian (K); Crystal Springs (MCZ). MISSOURI: Big Springs St. Pk. (MSU). TEXAS: Grayburg (FLA); Stubblefield Lake (MSU). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: (MCZ). -33- CLIVINA (CLIVINA) PUNCTULATA Leconte 1849, p. 198 212;: male, MCZ Type locality: California Diagnosis: Light brown. Second protibial spine without large subsetal tooth. Pronotum (see key) more robust than i ressifrons, disc with dense concentration of punctures of varying size. Apical projection of adeagus larger, more rounded than impressifrons (fig. 6). Internal sec with approximately ten spines arranged as in impressifrons. Total length: 5.5-6.2mm. Elytral length 2.91t.u9mm. Comments: Consistently full winged. Distribution: California Locality records: CALIFORNIA: Elsinore (CM); Naples (CA); Los Angles (CM); Davis (CA); Long Beach (CA); Tulare Co. (CA); Kaweah (CA)(MCZ); Lake Co.(CA); Napa Co. (CA); Carrville,Trinity Co., el. 2h-500'(CA); Cole (CA); Freeman (CA); Sononia Co. (CA); Santa Clara Co.(CA); Brentwood Antiock (CA); Palmdale (OKL); Mokell Hill Calveras County (CA); San Diego (CA); Car- mel, Monterey Co. (CA); Visalia (MCZ); waterman (MCZ). FOSSOR Complex D nos : Lateroclypeus rounded, vertex without band of punctures and with small circular fovea. Elytra with or without basal ridges. Apical projection rounded, short, closely pressed against apical plate. Three posterior spines of approximately equal length. -3u- CLIVINA (CLIVINA) FOSSOR Linne 1758, p. M7 Synonyms: For extensive Old World synonomy see Junk catalogue volume 2, page 503. Type locality: Sweden giggppgyg: Elytra black except for a narrow band of dark red around the medial and lateral edges. Head and pro- notum sometimes as dark as the elytra, frequently a lighter reddish brown. Elytral ridge small, sometimes difficult to see. Apical projection of the adeagus flattened against apical plate, slightly pointed (fig. 10), sometimes difficult to see in lateral view. Six spines in helix around internal sac. Posterior three spines approximately equal in length. Total lepgth: 5.306.6mm. Elytral length 3.191.55mm. Cpmments: First observed in Canada in 1915. Wing dimorphic. Occurs on cultivated, usually clayish, soil and in parks and gardens. In Europe has been a pest on straw- berries (Lindroth 1961). Locality records: MICHIGAN: Iron Co. (MSU); Delta Co. (MSU); Ford Forestry Center, 8 mi. 8. L'Anse, Baraga Co. (MSU); Roscommon Co. (MSU); Chippewa Co. (MSU); Dickinson Co. (UM); Sault Sainte Marie (MSU); Aloona Co. (MSU); McCarrow, Chippewa Co. (MSU); Charlotte River (MSU); Missaukee Co. (MSU). VER- MONT: top Mt. Mansfield, black light (RB); Johnson (RB); S. Burlington, in garden (RB); 8. Cambridge (RB); Shelburne Pond, Shelburne (RB). CANADA-NEWFOUNDLAND: St. Johns (O)(CA). -35- QUEBEC: Cape Rouge (Sch); Quebec, Montreal, Ile' Ste. Helen (UA); Montreal (MSU); New Brunswick, 7 mi. N.E. St. Leonard (UA). CLIVINA (CLIVINA) COLLABIS Herbst 178%, p. 141 Synonyms: elopggta Randall 1838, p. 3b _ randalli Leconte 1857, p. 82 Old World synonyms omitted Type locality: Berlin, Germany Diagposis: Elytra light brown.except for a somewhat darker ovoid area in apical half. Head and pronotum dark red, much darker than elytron. Elytral ridges absent. Apical projection of adeagus as in fossor but more rounded (fig. 9). Five spines around internal sec. Three posterior spines approximately the same length. Two anterior spines small. Total lepgth: 4.9-5.5mm. Elytral length 3.011.08mm. Commen 3: Consistently full winged. Introduced into Massachusetts before 1838. Riparian and independent of man in Central Europe, confined to gardens, parks, and heaps of decaying vegetables in N. Europe (Lindroth 1961). Lppglity repppds: MASSACHUSETTS: Stoneham (CA)(MCZ); Brook Line (MCZ); Wellesley (3). BA COMPLEX ,nggppgyg: Lateroclypeus angulate. Medioclypeus with a high trenverse ridge or a sharp carine, vertex smooth. Elytra with one basal ridge. -36- Apical projection of adeagus long, angulate, not closely pressed against the apical plate; with or without a helix of spines around the internal sac. CLlVINA (CLIVINA) BA Hlevec NEW SPECIES Type locallty: Brownsville, Texas Type specimens: Holotype (MCZ), allotype and 1 male and 5 female paratypes: Texas: Brownsville, 11-16 June 1933, P.J. Darlington, Jr. (MCZ); 1 pair, one of each sex, same data (MSU). Other paratypes: Esprza Rck.,Brownsville, Texas (MCZ); 2, Fedor, Texas (CM); Texas: Aransas Co., 31 March 1954, D.J. and J.N. Knull (0); Texas: Hidalgo Co., 23 May 1951, D.J. and J.N. Knull (O). Diagnosls: A Cllvina with the diagnostic characters of the subgenus Olivine and the pa complex. ‘9. pa differs from the unique type of the other known member of this group in the absence of large spines around the internal sec of the adeagus, a character state unique in Clivina s.s. 2, Lateral edge of medioclypeus scarcely elevated above level of anterior margin of medioclypeus (fig. 17). .The posterior portion of the medioclypeus bears a sharp, narrow, trenverse carine which curves slightly forward, and is some- times worn to a blunt ridge. Vertex, shiny, impunctate, with a shallow oval fovea; it is separated from the supraorbital carine by a slight furrow. Tooth of mentum pointed. Prothorax: Lateral margin of pronotum slightly sinuate -37- (fig. 15). Disc of pronotum convex, shiny with a few minute punctures. Second protibial spine most often with a smell, basal, tooth below the insertion point of the seta. Adeagus: Apical projection (fig. 8). Lateral view (fig. 8a). Color: Shiny, light to dark brown, similar to impress- ifrpns. a le th: n.5-6.2mm. Elytral length (13 exx.) 3003*.11“. CLIVIN CLIVINA ORT Elevac NEW SPECIES Type locallty: Newport, Arkansas Typg speclpens: Rolotype: male, five miles south Newport, Arkansas, in April 1952, R.T. Bell (MCZ). Qlagposis: Lateral edge of.medioclypeus elevated far above level of anterior margin of lateroclypeus (fig. 18). Medioclypeus is somewhat worn in the unique type whether a blunt ridge or a sharp carine is normally present can not be determined. Vertex shiny, impunctate, with a fairly deep, oval fovea. The furrow separating the vertex from the suprau orbital punctures in 9, pa_is also present here but not as well developed. Tooth of mentum pointed. Prothorax; Lateral margin sinuate above the lateral tooth (fig. 16). Disc of pronotum.convex, shiny with a few minute punctures. Second protibial spine with a large tooth inserted about halfway between the base and apex, below the insertion point of the seta. -33- Adeagus with helix of spines around internal sac (fig..11). Apical projection (fig. 11a). Color: Black Tppel lppgph: 7.0mm. Pronotum 1.75mm long x 1.75mm wide. Elytral length 3.8mm. Fig. Fig. F180 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. F180 1. 18.0 2. 3. 3b. b. IO 0 PLATE I (Semiclivina) dentipes - adeagus (Semlcllvina) dentipes - parameres (W) p___alli_da_. - adeagus (Alphacliylna) planicollis - adeagus (llphaclivina) planicolll - parameres (Alphacliylna) planicollis - apical projection (figglgllxiag) zpbiounda - adeagus (égglgllylp§)'rubicpnda - parameres Fig. Fig. F180 Fig. F180 F180 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 5. Sa. 7. 8. 89.0 10. 11. 11a ‘9. (Clivina) Q. (Cliylna) g. (Clivina) ‘Q. (Cllvina) Q. (Clivina) Q. (Clivipg) C. (Clivina) Q. (Cllvina) 2, . (Cllvina) adeagus PLATE I lmprgssifrons - adeagus impressifrpns - apical projection punctulata - apical projection of adeagus punctigera - apical projection of adeagus pg n. sp. - adeagus pa n. sp. - apical projection of adeagus collarls - apical projection of adeagus fossor - apical projection of adeagus nanopta n. sp. - adeagus neyporta n. sp. - apical projection of -uo- HA Fig. F180 Fig. Fig. F180 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. F130 F180 F180 F180 12. 13. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. ‘ 22. 23. 2h. 25. 26. 27. 28. PLATE III ‘9. (Betaclivina) oregpna - adeagus ‘Q. (Paraclivina) bipustulata - head, lateroclypeus, and antennal shield Q, (Semiclivipa) dentipes - head, lateroclypeus, and antennal shield . Q. (Cllvina) pa,n. sp. - pronotum, lateral margin above tooth Q. (Cllvina) negporta n. sp. - pronotum, lateral margin above tooth .9. (Clivina) pa n. sp. -clypeal margin IQ. (Cllylna) nepporta n. sp. -clypeal margin . (Alphacllvina) plpplcollis - testes (Semiclivina) rubicunda - testes (Cliylna) neppopta n. sp. - testes (Semiclivina) pallide - testes .(Alphaclivina) planicollis - everting mechanism of adeagus, diagramatic ‘Q. (Semicliylna) plapicollis - everting mechanism of adeagus, diagramatic “3 “3 MO ICI K3 9 O O O Q. (Clivina) planicollis - everting mechanism of adeagus , diagramatic g. (Semiclivina) pallide - wing. wedge cell ‘Q. (Alphaclivina) planicollis - wing, wedge cell 9. (Clivina) impressifrons - wing, wedge cell BIBLIOGRAPHY Andrews, H.E., 1929, The fauna of British India, Coleoptera Carabidae, Vol. 1, Carabinae, London. Blatchley, W.S., 1910, An illustrated descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera or beetles known to occur in Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana. 1385 pp. Crowson, R.A., 1938, The metendosternite in Coleoptera. Trans. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. 87:397-h16. Darlington, P.J., Jr., 1936, variation and atrophy of flying wings of some Carabid beetles. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1962, The Carabid beetles of New Guinea Part I Cicindelinae, Carabinae, Harpalinae through Pterostichini, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 126:321—564. Dejean, Le Comte, 1825, Species general de Coleopteres de la collection de M. Le comte Dejean, Paris. Eyles, A.C., 1961, Insects associated with the major fodder crops in the North Island. New Zealnd J. Ag. Res. #:129-u0. Fall, H.C., 1922, Notes on Olivine with description of a new species from the Pacific coast. (Col. Carabidae). Ent. News. 33:161-16h. Herbst, J.F.W., 1786, Entomologische Bermerkungen, Fuessly ”Oh. do InSCCt Pt. 111. Hlavac, T.F., 1967, Observations on behavior in Scarites, Coleop. Bull. in press. Kult, K., 19h7, The 3rd Study to the knowledge of the Tribus pllylplpl (Col. Carab.). Acte. Soc. Ent. Cechos 55:26-37. 1959, Revision of the African species of the old genus Olivine Latr. (Col. Carabidae) Rev; Zool. Bot. ‘ Afr. 60:I72-225. Leconte, 18hh, Descriptions of new species of N. American Coleoptera. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 2:48-53. 18h9, A descriptive catalogue of geoadephagous oleoptera. Ann. Lyz. Nat. Hist. N.I. #:173-h7h. -2- -u3- 1857, Synonyms of the species of Olivine and allied genera. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 75-83. . 1863, New species of N. American Coleoptera Part I. Smiths Misc. Coll. 6(No. 167); 1a92. Lindroth, C.H., 1961, The ground-beetles of (Carabidae excl. Cicindelinae) Canada and Alaska. Part II. Opuscula Entomologica Supplementum 20:1-200. Linne, 1761, Fauna suecia. 2nd Edition. Stockholm. Philips, W.J., 1909, The slender seedncorn ground beetle. 'USDA Ent. Bull. No. 85 part II 28pp. Putzeys, M.J., 18h6, Revision generals des Clivinides, Brusselles. Randall, J.W., 1838, Descriptions of new coleopterous insects inhabiting Mass. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. pp. 34-52. Say, T., 1825, American Entomology Vo1. II, Phil. "7111111171 M11111 1'“