—_—_ .—— _——— _—__ ——_. ,4 ___— ___4 __—. ——_- ’4 144 '996 . THS TATE UNIVE mfi'fim'i'mmn’nmm 3 1293 WE“ * PLACE IN RETURN BOX to roman thb ohookout from your record. TO AVOID FINES rotum on or baton duo duo. DATE DUE DATE DUE DATE DUE MSU loAn Affinnotlvo Action/Equal Opportunity Inflation Wan-9.1 THE RELATIONSHIP OF SELECTED WRIST AND GRIP STRENGTH MEASURES TO BEGTNNING BOWLING PERFORMANCE By WILLIAM ARTHUR HORWOOD AN ABSTRACT Submitted to the College of Education of Michigan State University of Agriculture and Applied Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements 'for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation Year 1957 A Approved ff32§€27 I. 4:64, ué€:::;__ ABSTRACT Title The Relationship of selected Wrist and Grip Strength Measures to Beginning Bowling Performance. Statement of the Problem The problem of the study is to determine the relationship of se- lected wrist and grip strength measures to beginning bowling averages. .More specifically it consists of the following phases: (1) to determine the relationship between wrist palmar flexion and beginning bowling aver- ages; (2) to determdne the relationship between wrist dorsal flexion and beginning bowling averages; (3) to determine the relationship between wrist abduction and beginning bowling averages; (A) to determine the re- lationship between wrist adduction and beginning bowling averages; (5) to determine the relationship between grip strength and beginning bowl- ing averages; (6) to determine the relationship of a composite score of wrist strength measurements and beginning bowling averages; and (7) to determine the relative contribution of each of the strengths measured to beginning bowling performance. Methodology Seventyhfour beginning bowlers of the Michigan State University in- structional bowling courses participated in the experiment. All of the subjects were measured for palmar flexion, dorsal flexion, adduction, and abduction of the wrist, along with grip strength of the dominant hand. Reliability coefficients for the five tests ranged from .9h9 to .991. Pearson Product-Moment coefficients of correlation were calculated from the strength tests and bowling performance data. A multiple re— gression analysis was also calculated to determine the relative contri- butions of each of the various strength measures to bowling performance. Conclusions 1. Grip strength, abduction, and total wrist strength are signifi- cantly related to beginning bowling performance. 2. The relationship between beginning bowling performance and the wrist measures of dorsal flexion, and adduction is statistically insig- nificant. 3. The battery of tests is significantly related to beginning bowl- ing ability. Grip strength is the most dominant. h. Subjects' weight and number of games bowled are poor predictors of a beginner's bowling ability. 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