IUIHHIIHIIIIIillllllllllllllliIIIIIIHlllllllllllllilllllll

301535 2192

 

PLACE II RETURN BOX to roman this chockom from yam record.
TO AVOID FINES mum on or before data due.

———————'—‘———7
DATE DUE DATE DUE DATE DUE

11 JD %
L__J|
‘W
JL 4
[—1
fiT—T

MSU Is An Affirmative ActioNEqual Opportunity Imam

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

m1

TH: COSPARfiTIVE VALUE OF SILICA DUST AHU PORTLAND CEXZNT AS

A THESIS SUBEITTED TO THE FACULTY OF

EICHIGzfl STATE COLLEGE OF AGFICULTUXE AH APPLI D CCISUCE

By 2:10 R. HODkins
Candidate.for the degree of

Bachelor of Science - June 1929.

THESIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Purpose of Thesis 1
General 2-3
Materials Used 4-5
Procedure 6
Preparation of Briquetta 7
Explanation or CUPVEB 8
Conclusions 9
Data \ 10-11
Graph. 2 12-15
Apparatus 16
Gtandard Shear Testing Equipment 17

1 01215“

\d“

AC KI-IO'.”ULDG MEN TS

In submitting this thesis to the faculty of Michigan
State College, I wish.to thankiMr. E. A. Finney for his ex.
cellent advice and scientific direction, which has helped me
to complete this analysis. I also wish.to eXpress my grati-
tude to the City of Lansing. who so kindly donated the ex-
perimental materials and directed my course of work. Surely,
no better combination could be wished for, than that of a
theoritical eXpert like Mr. Finney, and a department like the
Engineering Department of the City of Lansing, who are en-

countering present day problems.

PURE-‘0 SE.) OF THESIS

The purpose of this thesis is to determine which of
the We tillers. Portland Cement or Silica Dust, is the best to
use in making a sheet asphalt. and what mix produces the best results.

GENERAL

Sheet asphalt is of American origin, first devised as a
substitute for the finely pulverized European rock asphalt. The
early sheet asphalt surfaces were composed of sand and asphalt.
with.or without the addition of filler, the constituents being
being mixed well above the melting point of asphalt.

Early eXperiences resulted in both successes and failures,
and after many exhaustive investigations it Wrs found that three
things were necessary for a successful sheet asphalt wearing sur:
face mixture, namely:

1. A sand or sands of good quality and proper gradation
of sizes .

”Passing Percent by Weight
'200 mesh sieve o to 5
100 " ". 10 to 25
80 " " 6 to 20
50 " " 5 to 40
so " " 5 to 30
30 " " 5 to 25
2O " " 4 to 15
lo " " 3 to 15
Retained on 10 o to 2 " (1)

2, A filler of extreme fineness.

“Filler - 65 to 70% shall pass 200 mesh sieve.
All shall pass 50 mesh sieve." (2)

(l) and (2) - Specifications of The Asphalt Association, New York City.

\JJ

3. An asphaltic cement of preper consistency, possessing
strong and permanent binding power.

Filler may be defined as the inpalpably fine material
flour; which is incorporated in sheet asphalt surface mixture to
increase its strength. toughness, density and water-proofness.~
Portland cement and silica dust are the materials chiefly used

as the source of filler.

MATERIAL-S USED

The materials used for this analysis are the same as

those used by the city of Lansing in their work.

SAND
Sieve Analysis

Retained on #10 sieve 7.0%

Passing #10 " 6.6%
" #20 " 7.4%
" #30 " 3.8%
" s40 " 15.0%
" #50 " 34.1%
" #80 " 10.6%
" £100 " 11.4%
" #200 "

SILICA DUST
Sieve Analysis

Retained on #50 sieve

.65fl

Passing #50 “
N #80 N
n fieoo H

 

PORTLAND CT‘TSNT

Sieve Analysis

Retained on #50 sieve .5%
Passing £50 " 1.7%
" £80 " 26.2:
" #200 " M

1mm ms

BITUHEN

Specific gravity .........
Solubility in c 82 .......
Ductility u...............
Pentration 100 gram weight
Softening Point ..........

1 . 05. '
995%
90cm
a 5 sec. 54 m.l.
60.500

-6...

PRO C If. DUTE

This analysis is'based on the standard test fer shear
as perscribed by the Asphalt Association, New York City.

Forty-eight different mixes, varying as shown on data
sheets - pages 10-11 - were used in the making of the test bri-
quetts. These briquetts were made according to standard specio
fications and compressed to 3000# per square inch. After stand.
ing twenty-four hours the briquetts were tested for shear and
these results were plotted as shown on pages 12 .. 15. The con-

elusions were based on these graphs.

PPEPARATION OF BRIQUETTS

The sand, bitumen and filler were all heated to 350°?
in separate containers. and then thoroughly mixed, using the vary-
ing percentages of the different constituents. The asphalt was
then placed in the testing apparatus with a solid plate in place
of the plate containing the knife edged hole as shown on page 17.

The required compression was obtained as illustrated on page 16.

EKPD’EMTION OF” CURVES

The curves are all of a somewhat similar nature. That
is. with sand as a base. a constand percent of asphalt cement.
and a varying amount of filler: the strength increases, as the
amount of filler is increased up to a certain amount and then
gradually decreases. In the case of the twelve percent asphalt
cement the Silica Dust curve tends to have a more constant value
than the Portland Cement curve, showing that by using the Silica
Dust as a filler one would armed. to get better results if there

was a little variation in the mix.

CONC LUSIOHS

It can be clearly seen from the graphs on pages 12 to
15 that the Silica Dust filler is the best for all mixes. The
best mix is that of the ten percent asphalt cement, sixteen per-
cent filler and seventy-four percent sand, Whether Silica Dust

or Portland Cement is used.

\. :3

 

SILICA E'ST FILLER

 

m
(D

 

 

 

’3 . 01‘- }!Trs 17
goo/NO ‘_.nfi0 1%-...3 "'/ ‘0 [I‘JE
a O 0? r0 r c’7m (In
4.1.7 10937 -472 “we we:
1 A ‘ ) 1 “Hr: ff‘7fi ,'\O,'A .673“!
d-. 1/ -“. {.4 “—‘./‘ .// \— \/./~
A of” “ 1 CH1: r 1: r“
L O _ L. l. _: .JH-«J _, l--—_, - n
A At: n-zv-r ff-v :‘n ”:71:
(2.1a, 1., I L.-.L5 ,,CO 4,1,1
1 “v: m mnq :7CA fiend rd:
—_. 3’) L.‘VJ\I ') '_/~ Ly JQJ‘

«"7 P5 AAA r'fijn Ln :- {A
--o -.../’ I.-. -‘V‘v _‘ .L... l' -7) “LO

7 '1 H 7 (6—,.1'; :‘fihfl WAG
1... 1‘5 -L 0 J1) "q/ '_,I ., C—L\- ‘ -1-
‘l a: 1 (mt- («fin rdf'rfi red/W
-LO ,1, —.._¢._/ v \.~. “/‘K' (L...

 

‘ °"» l 0”? 7”~n ’ovn ~07
. a i -J -- 0 ~2 1 i7 1 .'./‘e' i e z s
A 6 Ann r‘ ,fifln ”dam ”Av!" [—977
. .J C; O \ ‘ a, ,. 0 xx / ..‘ _, \... L .— . I
-O P Ann 1 a”? rc1: b71n :10
._ O ‘ _, .1.._,__ ‘ J/J—du/l l—n- ‘,.-...-
l“ o “to 1 for fl’fifi h’/fi rc<
...g_ .L' __ ~.'\J~;-J ‘1‘“ ‘- VV‘ _/L_\J
1n 1 o~r 1 ”17 Wefn fi‘fifl 7’0
....(L J..-(_, -.o ’ ',~-.\. ,V‘- _
f‘ j A-7r- 1 o FAA ' ”A {— I”
' .... Q ',J_/' i — . ~13 /:\,. ;, O (’l‘ 4 L"./' _,‘ .. ‘—
1 “17 " 1hr “Net 'h“fi "PC
.A-. _., t—O uht.__') L-“ / ..“..' {I \._/
1 n 7 F n,\ IH7/T: 'erl. Iufi7
l.-l; a. a: *,-J ‘JTO “a;

 

 

 

rm F. 77A or . nfih
.107 L 10|_,3 _,.:‘,v‘ L-,7_J ."__v“‘:'
1 ”rd 1 A”: Arno 1mfi. “T”
--.(_,./ *0 .J L',- .4./.,‘- -fi_-
A A ’“ 7fi7fi ”hf 7H6
(SHOOT- \J l. \J 7 a ) ‘-.' \ J'O '/ { I-

l,_l

~J
%j

}.J
\
)

.4

f4
3
J

0

I .1
Q
3']
)
3

\
)
\ t]
‘4
t3

 

 

 

 

DATA

 

POdQLAND CjMENT FILLER

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mix Depth in Pressure # Shear
inches fi/sq.in.

0-10-02 2.125 2.107 1800 1895 182
8-12-80 1.957 2.000 2510 2550 275
8-14—78 2.000 2.000 5255 5005 295
8-16-76 2.000 1.251 5a90 5755 570
8-18-74 2.062 2.062 5400 4550 a98
8-20-72 2.000 2.062 5.50 2720 501
10-10-80 2.187 1.525 5020 2580 294
10-12-78 2.125 1.957 5320 5425 579
10—14-76 2.125 2.000 5895 4195 592
10-16-"4 1.957 2.125 1720 0160 495
10-18-72. 8.000 8.002 e955 2310 455
10-20-70 2.575 1.875 4955 5555 422
12-10-78 2.002 1.875 2460 2060 244
12-12-76 1.957 2.000 5200 2540 510
12-14-74 1.937 1.815 2845 5550 466
12-16-72 1.957 2.000 5210 4015 405
12-18—70 1.815 2.062 2100 2765 265
12-20-68 1.688 2.125 1270 1555 167
14-10-76 2.000.1.875 1510 995 118
11-12-71 1.875 2.000 1060 1505 122
14-14-72 2.062 1.813. 1400 1410 154
14-16-70 1.815 1.875 1515 1565 154
14-18-68 2.125 1.875 1380 1555 157
14-20-66 2.000 1.815 1260 1795 197

 

 

 

-12-

MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE

 

 

 

 

 

 

l J1
_ . . M. II -
n...Jt_l'.'.lhr .. b
. . o
I 0
. .. .
O u
.flm- . . f
I . I
- . H
M IA
n . .
. - lo
I I l
o
I A
m. ,1
- I A.
_ .u A
A
I I
.A
.A
‘1
...A
. .
A
I
.A
A
- A
_ A
A
.A
i
A
9A
. :1
. - M
A
I A.
. A
0A ._
1. .. c
I . _ 1.
Li .
M..- g
. A.
f I
c .A
- .1.
n:
1
A
u
.1
b... -,
1 o
C.
1..
.. v .
A
. A
A .
y .. .
1., r
c 0» A41.
. :9
: ulflj. ‘4
. a. 1. b .
I 1. 4
o . .
. .
.b!’ I
. . 0|
. o .. . .n .. * -V
g . .... :hamuc ,,. . -1:._s
. . ._ .... . . . . 1
. I O
_
I
. u .
c .. . . .5... 1.... .. . ,c.- I
'- DI-u'. u I'I‘Iut llnllll'l- .Inl. .t-II I In. .l ' I n

 

 

 

 

 

v .‘Hf
l

-... 4.(

f ,

. .
, , . .
. . . . .
Es ¢--—d'-A-l-~--l-fl-—-- ha.-

.‘e..\'l -8

MAT.

aMi NT 0'

x"

-49;-

 

mczx Gm. kwnx mg ix 59%.

War: War film:

Jayme 57-3555 (ml/£5
lo Emmr/Im Mam

 

/4 I6 ll 30
Fhamvr flag/a

[2

l0

-14-

MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE

 

v... .
CI. _
I

I? C
Y_.H+.o
vs 0
_.9

a

 

lull lili-

0 o A II-
.. L ._
. .. I
O .I II
C. . I
o o u ‘0 I
I .. .
5| .- _|
I l. .. I
.1 II ..
p.
A in.

. III-LI... lrlr. .r

 

 

   

 

 

 

- x _ , m”

-. .._. - . . _ r«;_ - -
.w. MW -- - . ,..- .pn .a _ ....h
2..-... m . - -_ - ,-_ 6.5 w

. -_. -.V, .. . _ mm.mwm - -g
. .-.. - - .. ..m .. _ .mm. m... ”w.

_ - w : -. _ - _ , - . a :. 7.3.¢.:w;amm

- , 7...?

.__. -m. - -m. - - . . 4 :w .w.mm#
. . -. . _ u . - .. .VLW

III:.....................+.. IIIIIIIII

- . .. . .- . mfi .. 2.. . I. he; 2..“

u I
.
.
. U
- . I
1 .L .u n .

a

x _ 4

_

um§~gw§§é$§w __

 

.' m 'I-
_ I IL _ I»
I L .
O. _.,
_ o I
A I
_ r \ .I. I
. .v
. u v
. a
. I |_
.
o _- I . -
~ KY .9‘

RI Ur HA N nI-I'

Ll: PA" I H

-15-

MICHIGAN STATE COLLEG E

 

 

A

 

xfi_.

51'...& I ‘I9. 9060 I

DEPARTMENT OF

 

 

 

 

nu--. '

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

f4
’_;--—Q-9-9-
'i‘

0*.

 

 

 

I

 

f. 6.
Orv-0'"
v.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-90 90 Q "—4
-‘.—q->§o I ‘4

 

 

 

 

I?
4*
w

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- if

 

 

L
I
hi4;

+ I.. I1 H...

a _ .

 

:. » HI ..'

 

 

. v.0;vl..\u

.1: . ..-. ... .M ..- .. .H ,. .. . FIOOI...
. .. . H ..I......: . “- . ., . . ....I . .. “I .. ..LI

 

 

 

I6 .1 9L.LI\...I< v21 . . ..o I..
[fit '0. . . _. . IIIIQIIO
'1 X804“.¢Ilu§¢.lo.._.r_..mlv¢.r.TI
H5 vIJWIOII . 2.... ”I..- .v rub?
. 4

 

I

 

 

 

I..?

_i

—-70
1.

#AA

 

 

.Ifl'.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

l

 

 

 

 

I

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

II
I

_ . .
III a .leII.LIl.. I I... 'I
. _

A
2.:

I'VY ‘

7:

LL]!

 

 

L11”

.-
o.>- I¢ .-
II

Vl.l

¢-o-6 0--

 

=O #
c

 

I
”I

 

I: 1

h.
. II._I

IJIIII II IIIILLII

.
.II I.
II I. . A. _

 

 

 

I..;I'

 

.-I..._ .
. I _. H .I . ...
II II' It'l‘ll' II.-

 

 

._._... - .. .I
I .. .I . . I.. I . .
J . .. .
? {IdlI' II'I _ If IlIII -n‘. I..} I I

 

MAIHEAIIATICS

 

 

 

 

 

'7
. ‘a ‘T '. ' .
Id ' }.,.-$“?th
43‘ l
I I..-I
.1
r‘ ..
1 :."' ‘
.-_ o -'. '.
: - - .
I .3 .

 

 

huh“...-
’
.4
‘1
J --.

ME 77/00 0F 057:4 mom Ema/.5850 (.9 22:..15353 '32, . .
I/xv MAKING 0F "Iaflxwz’rw ' -

 

 

 

 

// .
’ L/
/.

I

 

/
+4

:‘x; I I. I

I- \u‘ I;

\é‘“ { I. \. I j

RV" ' ~
' x

\ ‘. I .‘ ‘

.41

ll

.9 .. . r
. . r r 7 f _ .
./ /'/ f ,W‘_, ,- '
I ’ 4! .r I - . . . . .
44 A! A

0
/Z
:21 /
6

 

I .
I
7

If 7 ,
’4 A

 

 

 

 

 

 

:0

I -. ~-

.7. .5?! «eff ” ..

- 1 N‘ ‘ 7 ITsz E

l 7" “i\ {10. (11:2.

7 ,3. I .\\\I ', ‘ l
- - ....,.

 

 

 

5:" :1: ' ~ .A *- {fg‘f .
/-"}"}'.' ‘ E.-

_. . . / N '
.. fl ‘ ”A - . 1 . I Si- -- l-

A 555.5751, V MWV -.. Me; /= 55¢)? 5W

. '9‘ .'
Score )2 - /’

 

 

 

 

 

 

5 WNW-*0 SHEA-4?. TEfiTI/Vt-S .f'é'yfi’é'rff

 

I'IICHIGQN STRTE UNIV. LIBRRRIES

31293015352192