ms 033on or A svmuma POOL ‘ FOR ma 1 cm or um LANSING Thom for tho Dam of I. I. MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE Joseph P; Sells Jr. ' ' “194! . 7 , _'—— fl. ‘ w v—w—v—r s —v F—vw—y vw f V 7Y‘ «.=-'. MATER AL m BACK OF 900K ., .1- . t .‘hh :3: rIq. '..3 h : filing “ ."‘ I - I v“.‘3-‘1’II'43‘4‘Vl . . . .. . - WWI; \ 4' “-3.45. 3“" , 4F :11" L TI. I4 " '{iiljk‘ 41:9 " 4" I w 4’- f ‘I I g «I 4 D. 9 (-4: .‘\ 1,4‘ V ( l r ‘. \u Q 0 u 'l , t v. . I ., W I I \ l '\ ‘4'. 0 .II; ' .' ,, .1“; I .4 .v ‘.I_. '. ‘f‘il' [‘h'.‘ 74'; R443. 4, 4.4644}. A F I . I" q '_ I It‘ll. '7? ?.I:“‘; “: W}:‘|1-V;’IIL~ , '4 334-‘J4’Q 4"441'3'44é3“! 4"" [Ir-:1 I I I? ."r‘I ’ 4:435: I ,l'-‘. ‘g‘ 3-11", 70‘ as. a h‘. .‘ .45 “M l . If; . I 1;;ng 1' 7k!” f 1 ‘n 4_\ . 1 \d . . .9- A .' § 8 § H "‘ ‘h l . _ < 1": ‘ "f V_' ‘ P‘ .-. $5.: _. ' f.‘|:".-MI 4“ E ,‘ 4‘ v3 8 f ‘ .-. , ..'~. I" 13-" <.'¢¢‘ ‘1. {.353 .. d‘ I ." .' ‘ I: A ‘ I J - I I - ‘ I "I". ' , I ‘ ., l ’ l: " ," g."~' n: ‘i'I-‘L 1. 1‘ IS 'ols‘r | “?‘h}" 11.333A‘ . q"? 3’ j . , - TI" item-II}; I 1'.‘ V. o'...‘.‘7_ ' "~‘ 3 -.‘ I a, ‘ ' \f " :".- 3 . ' '. ‘.'~~1‘?;I,,}3' ‘- - . »;(§‘-*.;}? _=..’ 'I" .' C :,_s .-‘I’ -‘ 1' . 'Jh 2' . P'kuaem'f‘jn I ”I 431).! J. 4.! ..£.P..MH $331.33.“: .mfitfl rt Em ‘ “.gau‘nfiijdwslhk I. E The Design of a Swimming Pool for the City of East Lansing A Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE of AGRICULTURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE by Joseph.P. Sell Jr. Candidate for the Degree of Bachelor of Science June 1941 “m n: I :hawinfinfiflflazdfinu v1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowleggment A Municipal Swimming Pool for East Lansing Selection of the Site of the Pool Size and Shape of Pool General Features of Design Design of the Concourse Design of the 16' Beam Design of the Column and Footing Design of 5' Pool Wall Recirculation System Bath House Design Bibliography 136171 page 2. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. 10. 11. 14. 16. 18. ’5', SH.) "a. Had... - Essafirnfl3aemt.”S . [II-IIILm I wish to express my appreciation for the able assist- ance given to me by Mr. W. J. Mc Farland of the Civil Eng- ineering Department of Michigan State College. Joseph P. Sell Jr. _.....n....~ _ if: .u . e A Municipal Swimming Pool for East Lansing Modern science and engineering has done away with the "old swimming hole" and substituted all types of concrete pools. With their advent, everyone received the Opportunity to enjoy the exercise and recreation formerly experienced only by the few brave lads who ventured into the rivers and gravel pits. owing to the cost, however, and the fact that a pool is seasonal, private capital is not often interested in establish- ing a small town pool because it is chiefly interested in the amount of money the investment will earn. A small municipal pool does not have to be a burden to the taxpayers. If the project is correctly designed, well located, and properly op- erated, it should yield sufficient revenue to pay its expense of operation and also return its cost within a few years. There are numerous communities throughout the United States with a population of 6,000 or less whtch have found this to be true and are now enjoying the benefits of such a pool. At the present time the City of East Lansing has no out- door pools, and the few nearby lakes are not suitable for bathing purposes. Consequently, there is a growing demand for a pool which will serve the children Who, for various reasons, are unable to spend the summer months at the lakes. Swimming as a recreation leads the country in popularity. A modern pool operated at a minimum of expense to the users, would un- doubtedly be patronized by college students and peOple from neighboring areas. With these thoughts in mind, this pool has been designed so that both the initial cost and the cost of operation and maintenance will be a minimum without sacrificing any features necessary for the health and convenience of the patrons. r‘ij.‘ ”W...g.... ”—2.?vN—n 1 a :5 4.0A3...m. ... . . ... V A . ... .. .5 b 4 “ Selection of the Site of the Pool After a careful consideration of the few available sites, the new East Lansing Recreational Park was chosen as the most logical location for a municipal pool. This park, which is now in the first phase of construction, is ideally situated be- tween highway M-78 and Burcham Drive. Although it is not in the center of the population, it is within walking distance for the majority of the townspeople. There are several distinct advantages gained by the se- lection of this particular site. it would enable city officials to centralize recreational activities for all but the very young children during the summer months. The area is open to natural sunlight and free from smoke, dust, and falling leaves which might contaminate the pool water. Moreover, space is available for parking areas and any further additions to the pool facilities which might be desirable. The soil is of a sandy-clay classification and will satis- factorily support the small bearing pressures which will be en- countered. City water supply and sewage connections will be readily accessible upon the completion of the park project. The general layout of the swimming pool, children's wad- ing pool, bath-house, sand area, and sidewalks, is shown on Plate No. 1. These new additions to the park do not interfere in any way with the present approved.park plan. ‘ Inf,” we. ...JJ. .1 . .....J. find .R . .JJH‘J ”. ‘i Size and Shape of Pool Pools of various shapes have been built, but generally the rectangular pool is the most satisfactory and economical. They are far better for the conduct of swimming meets since they provide racing lanes of equal length with good ends for turn- ing. The dimensions should be accurate in order that any re- cords made will be recognized by the various national comp mittees. The racing area should be divided in multiples of five feet which is the minimum requirement for such events. It is advantageous to have the bottom of the pooh so marked that the competitor swims over the lines rather than between the lines. The size of the pool is determined chiefly by the number of persons which are expected to use it. Judging by the ex- periences of similar communities, this pool should be built to accomodate a maximum load of about 400 persons at any one time or 1200 persons per day. About two-thirds of the area should be less than five feet deep and bathers using this area re- quire ten square feet of surface; 10 x 5' x 490= 5,591 sq. ft. Swimmers and divers using the deeper water require twenty seven square feet; 27 x f x 400 = 3,591 sq. ft. Therefore a total of 6261 square feet is a good estimate and a pool 110 by 60 feet would be large enough. A minimum.depth of eight feet is necessary in order to use one-meter diving boards and greater depth is desireable. Since a separate wading pool is provided for smaller children, it is not necessary to have the water less than three feet ,s ... 21?: i I . : . _,..r .3“ ’- a “:4 H34: J...n..o1?4. IR . .. .w . i , I x . l at any point. The Michigan Department of Health requires that the maximum bottom slope for water less than five feet deep be 1 in 15, and not more than 1 in 3 for depths of five feet or greater. These factors governed the size and shape of this pool. The volume of the pool so designed was computed to be about 208,000 gallons. General Features of Design The pool walls are of the cantilever type and of suf- ficient thickness to withstand any unusual conditions Which might arise in the surrounding earth. The pool floors are concrete slabs with reinforcement bars or mesh weighing fiffity pounds per one-hundred square feet, as recommended by the.rortland Cement Association. The overflow gutters extend around the entire pool, and their lips must be made level. The recessed type selected allows a handhold for swimmers and is not obstructive. The concourse or walk surrounding the pool must have a non-absorbent, non-slip surface. They must not be rough enough to hurt the feet. The walks should slope away from the pool and be easy to clean. The floor of the pool should have the same type of surface. , . a!...1ie..1.. ..l .1...) . . .11.. . . . .1? Jun...» .4 i 5:. ...]...1, .1.‘ . .. . ... i. w . x Design of the Concourse (8' Width) Try a 5fls1ab ___6_.. 150 = 62.5"'t i 12 ‘#_ Use 2500 concrete Live load 125 :- 49L .. Total T8775“ 1'. 1000 {x f,='18,000‘A? say 190i? n = 12 z z ”# M = 5.1. = 190 {£8le = 18,200 18,000 _ ”—12——“ 1500 1500 + 1000 = 2500 x a d I000 2500 x‘.4d-kd jdad-kg 3 jd‘ .866d - f kdb C - _a___. 2 MR= Moment of resistance Mk= de 18,200 = $399 .4d (12).866d dz: 8.25 u d ' 2,85” Use 5 + 3 protection 6‘3Total d Area of steel per ft. of slab A,“ f3 (jd) = BM A: a 18,200 -.- 0.888” required 18,000 .866 5 a” Use % a at 6"-=.69 Temperature Steel A.C.I. requires p==0.0025 for floor slabs with plain bars. A,=0.0025 ~ 12 . 5* 0.092wrequired Use 2'}; at 6"=0.10"' 5.1 11.133.131.143.5.1. 4.3. .32.... .3... Check for shear _ v __ 190x4 x we, 2‘. v .. SF." ”“866” 24.5/ 50/ allowable Check for bond - v _ 190.4 = a, 4. la - 2:33 .. .57 2 .866 5 95.5/ 100% allowable (12' Width) Try a 7'slab '7 x 150 = 88" 12 # Live load 125 Total 2155‘“t z “ u M, 331 = 215%2) 12 46,000 4! 46,000 = 2080 d‘ d‘=22.l d = 4.70” required =' 4.70" protection e 1.25' ASxIB/OOOHGBGS) 4,7=46)oao slope to , A5‘,627' required drain 2 3,225 Use % 4) at 3%" Use D " 7-66 " Temperature steel 11,-0.0025 ~ 12 ~ 4.7= 0.141” required 31! II. nu Che ck for shear - 200" ‘6 .-.' 24.5%» 50 9",. llo ble V “ 12 .866 71.7 / g a m Check for bond 4:- _-. '4, 200‘5 : 54.517- 100 "allo ble V' 2;“ 1.571; (86674.7 2 ’4 “a 5.5 . (adamhfia . , all. ..e‘.....flnmn.lun.4 . ennui. .52. 1.1 . . . .... .....uutmiflfi‘ L, Design of 8' Beam Wt. of slab 6 x 12 x 150 = 900# Wt. of wall =175# Wt. of beam (assumed) ==150# Live load 125 12 =l500# Total 2725%fl Using 2500# concrete 4‘. = 10001542," jd -- .866d 1‘, . 18,000#4,u kd = .4d de e lwlt 1000,10(.866).4d z 2725x 8‘x 12 E 2 8 d‘= 151 d=‘12.3” say 12.5 + 2"protection=-l4.5' Wt. of beam 10 " 14.5: 150 144 = 151.9% C: 1000 .4(12.5)10 = 25000 2 . 25000 . 1.39"" A5 1'8"“,000 Use 5 32"? bars required Check for shear _ 2725* 4 z n . 102 - 50° 52 Assume ~81 45 stirrups 1:,=16,000#/,~ Then ‘3‘ .ll‘r 2 = .22‘fl v = m +-V3 v s I: f: 5 fisrsinoc : i22x'16000 _ u 3 101-52 ‘ 578 . . min. spacing = .4.5d“-= .45(l2.5)= 5.62 Use smaller spacing, say 6" '1'?" £32: x = 2.04 x12~ 24.5" 4 at 63 24"+ 5"= 27" 24. 5"< 27 " _ . :3... 53:34.- as... .1: 2.35.24.56.13: . . . _. l .. A , .. _ . 5 Design of Column Column load: 8 x 2800“ = 22,400?“ - vi Assumed wt. of column - 1,500#L . =# 25,900 say 50,000 Use 2% vertical steel 2500”hconcrete re s .20 x 2580 - 5000;,” N= rCALl +p(n- lfl N = 50,000“ use p . .02 A = 50,000 2 50000 g 49 5 a" STOLI + (12 - l).02] 6l0 ' Then for a square column br-7.02” However, use b e 11 ” Check wt. of column 11,11 .16. 150 = 1260* am 1'2 1'2 Computing the steel Aszp A =49.5~ (.02) -- .99" required ACI recommendsf.min. diam Therefore 0 Use 4 f'q II Ties for '5’- c} bars Use %"0 spaced at 12 Footing Determination of footing dimensions and reinforcement is not subject to precise analysis; hence we will use the footings designed according to the American Concrete In- Stitute Code 1956. Assuming a soil pressure of zooofif'the a 1 v! u 4% footing would be 4 x 4 ) depth 15, reinforcement 8 ‘3' 95.11, 10 Design of 5' Pool Wall \ w = lOOfflcu. ft. ‘1. 2500*: Concrete R 0* 0* 1..) 2.12: Ce 2 .27 J. I8" fim"t 24" 13 R - 164 III ‘ 4‘ p = e0094 4.)" ' L z # Earth Pressure: CeZWh= '27 120 6'5 :- 570 Water Pressure =— wh‘: am .. 780* '2'” 2 Wt. of earth ,5. 100 . 515- = 825‘“ Wt. of stem = _:_L_0_,, 5".5, 150 = 6904 12 Wt. of water , 26 5,62. 5 = 680* 1‘2 . ‘ , 3% =# Wt. of slab - 26 *150 * 160 12 Wt. of base = 1x150x4.5 = 6754"" Concourse = 525 + 750 :- 1275’” 4505 Computing if 82mg + 690,123 + 680,% + 1520 + 1275x12.% + 2760 *- 2500= 45053? SE= 2.01 [I 3-2e25 - 2e01= e84 Check pressures and sliding 4505 “I” S £24] : 1260 a“, 650 ”'4' f 54:0Ox.5+210=6.15 O.k. ll Thickness of the stem (pool filled) ( E.P.= .27*110 ~5.5 __ 4504’ 2 Max. B.M. = 450 .5, z - 780.. 5.51: 605‘“ 5 5 BM . 605 =.J570 = 1.92" say 3” however we will use 1'46 10 ” as‘pbd - .0094 .. 12 x 5- 0.54 ”” Use 315'? at 720.54” v... V - 605 a 19.272; 50:2”allowable bjd 12 x,875~5 f" v 605 =,85.5‘Z" 100 "Z" 5.35: 12 x 1.57.875V3 allowable 7— . r001 empty d; 825 s 2.22" say 5' 164 . *5 *- .54" Use 1; 56 at 7 v 7' 825 S #IIOk 12x875 .. 5 263% 825 g 8—r 117 allowable 125 using 1.57 1‘4 7-.) 3 d 7— eformed bars Temperature steel using .5 of 1% A51 .005 412 . 5= .108°" Space g- 0 at 12” pool side §x108" .. g—"o at 15" earth side Toe slab 1260 - 5260 - 650 _1__8_ = 1056%f.e 4.5 /a Max. 81440764152 + 284,1.52. 2 - 150:<1.5z 2 2 5 2 -50.. l.5"’x 525 = 692 12 d, 692 2 2.06,. say 5" However we will use 12” J15? a; .0094x12~ 5= .558” Use stem steel Heel slab 45! wt. of slab 150 wt. of concrete '75: wt. of water 5l4 “—559 ”‘ say 540‘“ 650 + 610 2.6.- '4" 12‘980 Max. 811, 540 2.17‘ _ 650 2.17‘ _ 5509217,:217 :5,” 5 _ . 2 2 2 If pool is empt . 22522-17. 550 1270 - 550= 740 + 1790 - 174m= 1050 d, 105012.55" — 164 say 5 A5: .0094 .cl2~r 5" .558“ Ill 0‘ 0 Use § ¢ at 7=i54 same as stem 0 v-- 540.26 - 815,26 4 600 1‘2 1‘2 600 z r. 1 12‘7.E75)33 19066 OK. 600 =- 85.5 ’2?" ok 1.57._l_2_,.875 2:5 I7 13 .. 5.331.143.5311. ..., _ 1 . ,, .A. 2 l l. ,r- hecirculation System The recirculating type of pool is the most common and probably the best type. The pump takes the water from the over- flow pipe or the outlets at the bottom of the pool, a sterile- izing agent usually chlorine is added and the water then passed through filters and thence back to the pool through its inlets. When necessary, makeup water is added from the city water supply. It was decided that vertical pressure filters would be the most economical in the long run because of their small size, high efficiency, and automatic operation. These filters require a coagulant tank to condition the water before it is passed through the sand layers. A hair- and lint strainer must be installed just ahead of the pump for obvious reasons. The Michigan Health Department requires that the piping system be designed for the following Operations: 1. Fill the pool. 2. Circulate the pool water through the treatment equip- ment. 5. Wash each filter individually. 4. Discharge filtered water to the sewer. 5. Operate the suction cleaner and discharge its effluent to the sewer. 6. Empty the pool. 7. Drain the entire system. 8. Regulate the flow through individual inlets or groups. 9. Chlorinate before filtration. using the formula 14 Bathing Load 5:r(capacity of pool in gal.) Tturnover in hrs.)3 it is determined that the maximum bathing load per day should not exceed 1220, which is consistent with the load per day for which the pool was designed, namely 1200. The constant "5" in the formula above can be used since the patronage of this pool is limited to groups where health control is practised even though no control of swimming suits is contemplated. 15 Bath House Design The bath house can very easily "make or break" a swim- ming pool and should therefore have an atmosphere of clean- liness and sanitation. uther important factors to be con- sidered are; the method of checking to be used, and the rout- ing of the patrons so as to require a minimum number of em- ployees. The greatest single item of operation for most pools is the wages of the personnel. After careful analysis of many existing structures a floor plan has been drawn which is believed to be excellent for this type of pool. The patron enters on his or her re- spective side, deposits a coin in the turnstile, receives a sanitary wire basket and corresponding wrist check from the attendant in the combined concession and checking room. He enters the dressing room, undresses, places the basket con- taining his clothing into the chute which delivers it t0 the checking room. He continues past the toilets into the shower room where he is required to take a bath in the nude with the hot water and soap available there. Before he leaves the bath house he is required to step in the foot-bath which is in full view of the lifeguard. Using this arrangement, one lifeguard and one attendant are sufficient to operate the pool during slack periods. The Joint Committee recommends that the following facil- ities be provided, based on the number of bathers present at any one time, two-thirds of whom may be assumed to be men: 1 shower for each 40 bathers l lavatory for each 60 bathers l6 . the. .31....” J: :29. _ . E. s 1 toilet for each 40 women 1 toilet for each 60 men 1 urinal for each 60 men The bath house is to be of concrete masonry walls, with concrete floors and foundations. A built-up type of roof will cover the central part of the building and also the toilets. The dressing and shower rooms are open to the air and sun- shine, improving the sanitary conditions and also effecting a saving in the original cost. The floors should be pitched % inch per foot to the drains and an ample number of hose connections are to be provided. The equipment room has been placed below the combined lifeguard and utility room. 17 l. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Bibliography American City Vol. 55, p. 15, Nov. 1958 Swimming Pool Data and Heference Annua1---1955, 56, 40 Swimming rool Construction by W. C. Batchelor neinforced Concrete Design Handbook---—American Concrete Institute Swimming Pools---Engineering Bulletin No. 17, Michigan Department of Health The Essentials of Swimming P001 Sanitation by C.A. Scott Reinforced Concrete Structures by reabody Concrete Engineers Handbook by H001 and Johnson Architectural Record May 1941 rrinciples of heinforced Concrete Construction by Turneaure and Maurer Beach and.rool Magazine Feb. March, April 1941 18 . I 3H ......2. u . .....334WERE-‘ “a .3 20320051176 K 550 7/0/v c— c DE 721/1. ‘47 VQ4Z.VQS'Z?CZX' lfl r-----I :— .1 I ._x:,,.-. / l_ _; | [2-4] 2’6” I”P/P£ GA 4 VA MEN S m as 7‘fc 1617/ er dfo/O/VA-A /— W4 fer /€’V.°/ mes/1 “/67 hi» 50#f8r /003?7:7‘. away-"r 335‘ 93 Conf/buous bars 20:26flwooden SEC; /0/V 5 3 com?” \ / rounded MUNICIPAL POOL '6,.6/ P. {2 Elf EAJTAANS/NG, M/CH. av. 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