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MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY

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ABSTRACT

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT BY TWENTY—FOUR
HOUR RECALL RECORD FOR WOMEN 20-69 YEARS:
RELIABILITY OF MEASUREMENT

By

Gail Brown

Research evidence is accumulating which leaves little
doubt that habitual physical activity in one's daily life is
an essential factor in helping to maintain and promote opti—
mal levels of health and physical fitness. To determine how
much and what kind of physical activity is essential, it is
necessary to develop a valid and reliable tool to classify
individuals into activity subgroups. Whether the differences
between such activity groups are, in fact, great enough to be
important and meaningful in understanding the role of physical
activity in health will need to be determined. The important
point is that the measurement of physical activity is suffi-
ciently accurate to place the subject in an activity subgroup
with reasonable certainty.

The primary purpose of this study was to validate the
data obtained on a 2H-hour recall record against information

obtained in an interview questionnaire covering the entire

Gail Brown

year. In this study, the reliability of the 2A-hour recall
record method will be described by its ability to classify
subjects into similar descriptive activity groups by com-
parison with data obtained from yearly interview question-
naires. I

Seventy-three Caucasian middle class women served as
subjects. All subjects were volunteers. The subjects were
divided into three age groups: 20-3“; 35-N9; and 50-69 years.
Four 2N-hour recall records were obtained from each subject
during the summer of 1966. One recall record was obtained
by interview. The other three recall records were kept by
each subject as a personal diary covering three consecutive
days. The days covered by the recall record included two
week days and two weekend days. Each subject was interviewed
using the yearly interview questionnaire. The information
obtained from these recall records (2A-hour and yearly) was
the source of data for assessing physical activity energy
expenditure. Caloric costs of different activities was
determined based on information in the literature. The
reliability of the 2A-hour recall record was investigated
using rank order correlation and the t test. Using these
statistical techniques a comparison was made of energy ex-
penditure as measured by both forms on the descriptive acti-
vity groups: leisure, occupation, homemaking and community.

In general, the data obtained from these two forms

revealed similar trends; distribution of caloric expenditure

Gail Brown

in the descriptive activity groups and energy groups for age

and for the total population. No significant differences

were found for classification of subjects into descriptive

aetivity groups for homemaking/community
Leisure was the one descriptive activity
significant differences. The results of
correlations verified the above results.
ity and occupation had the highest rank
and leisure the lowest. This difference

the fact that the weekly record was kept

and occupation.
group that showed
the rank order
Homemaking/commun—
order correlations
is explainable by

during the summer—

time when the subjects engaged in more physical activity.

It would appear that the 2U—hour recall record with additional

questions pertaining to change in leisure activities over

the year is a reliable procedure for classifying Subjects

into activity subgroups with reasonable accuracy.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT BY TWENTY-FOUR
HOUR RECALL RECORD FOR WOMEN 20-69 YEARS:

RELIABILITY OF MEASUREMENT

By

Gail Brown

A THESIS

Submitted to
Michigan State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

MASTER OF ARTS

Department of Health, Physical
Education, and Recreation

1969

DEDICATION

To my husband, Barry
My parents, Esther and Matthew Scholder

My brothers and sister, Billy, Paul, and Debbie

ii

 

I11

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to sincerely thank my major professor, Dr.
Janet Wessel, for her dedication, encouragement, and
assistance cheerfully given during the three years I
worked on this thesis. Special thanks are also extended
to Anita Small, Fran Koenig, Snow White, and my husband,
Barry, for all the excellent ideas and help they contri-
buted to this project. My heartfelt thanks are especially
extended to each volunteer who served as a subject and
without whose cooperation this study would have been
impossible.

Most of all I would like to thank and acknowledge
my parents for instilling in me the respect for and
appreciation of an education and the desire and drive to

complete all worthwhile undertakings.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
DEDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Chapter
I 0 INTRODUCTION 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O I O I O O O O 1
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Limitations of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Definition of Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
II. PREVIOUS WORK COMPLETED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A
III. METHODS OF PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Physical Activity Recall Record. . . . . . . . . 6
Physical Activity Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Procedural Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Treatment of Data. . . . . . 16
IV 0 RESULTS 0 O O O O O O I O O O O O O , O O O O O O O I 0 18
V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . .’. 23
REFERENCES 0 O O O O O O O O I O O O O I O I O O O O O O O 25
APPENDICES O O 0 O O I O O O O O O I I O I 9 O O O O O O O 27

iv

 

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page
1. Four descriptive activity groups. . . . . . . . . . 8

2. Caloric expenditure for individual activities
derived primarily from Passmore and Durnin,
1955. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3. Frequency distribution of average daily caloric
expenditure estimated from 2A-hour recall
record and yearly interview questionnaire--
by)age groups and total population (N equals
73 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

 

A. Average daily caloric expenditure for 2A-hour
recall record and yearly interview question-
naire by age group and total population . . . . . 2O

5. Comparison of descriptive activity subgroups
by 2A-hour recall record and yearly interview
questionnaire for age groups and the total
population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Automation and high standards of living in the United

States have resulted in a decrease of habitual physical
activity for most adults and children. This has led some

A investigators and medical doctors to hypothesize that lack
of frequent and regular activity in work, off work, and
leisure pursuits contributes to the development of certain
pathologic conditions and low levels of health—physical
fitness. In order to test this assumption, it is necessary
to have a valid and reliable tool for classifying a free—

living population into activity subgroups.

Statement of the Problem

The primary purpose of this study was to validate the
data obtained from a 2A-hour recall record against informa-
tion obtained from an interview questionnaire covering the
entire year. In this study, the reliability of the 24-hour
recall record method will be described by its ability to
classify subjects into similar descriptive activity groups
by comparison with data obtained from yearly interview

questionnaires.

 

. Limitations of the Study

1. ‘The size of the sample was limited to seventy-
three volunteer women from varying geographical areas.

2. All the conditions and problems involved in
the administering of a questionnaire covering a year and
in the keeping of a personal diary: to recall pertinent
activities; to accurately estimate time spent in these
activities; and the supplying of miSleading information
in an attempt to give answers the interviewer might want
to hear.

3. The need to estimate caloric cost of individual

activities not found in the research literature.

Definition of Terms

 

1. Short Form. This is a 2A-hour recall record

 

consisting of time spent in daily activities for a four-
day period (two weekdays and two weekend days, including
three consecutive days). The first recall record is ob-
tained by the interviewer while the other three are com-
pleted personally by each subject and returned through
the mail to the investigator.

2. Long Form. This is a yearly interview question-
naire or recall record. It is composed of questions organ-
ized according to different descriptive activity groups
(leisure, occupation, homemaking, community). All
unaccounted for time is classified as sedentary and given

a caloric expenditure of 1.A calories per minute.

3. Descriptive Activity Groups. These are activities
classified according to the following indices: leisure,
occupation, homemaking and community, sedentary, sleep.

A. EnergyActivity Groups.‘ These are activities
classified according to energy expenditure: Light 1.1 to
A.“ calories per minute; Moderate “.5 to 6.0 calories per
minute; Active 6.1+ calories per minute; Sleep 1.0 calories

per minute.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK COMPLETED

Most of the information found in the literature
assessing activity patterns of women is related to time
expenditures for homemaking activities. A survey of the
literature revealed only three studies (Herrold, 1961;
Lebeau, 1965; and Wessel, Montoye, and Mitchell, 1965)
concerned with the development of a questionnaire for
assessing the physical activity patterns of women.

The yearly interview questionnaire form used in the
research studies conducted on women at the Human Energy
Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, has under-
gone several revisions and assessments. The reproduci-
bility of physical activity measures obtained through
interview questionnaire has been determined. Correlation
coefficients of 0.7 to 0.8 for sequential measurements
with time lapse of three months and one year have been
demonstrated. Such reproducibility of physical activity
assessment has been considered satisfactory for classifying
a population into physical activity subgroups. In addition,
the ability of this questionnaire to Classify subjects with

sufficient accuracy over the described time lapses given

above was determined by the t test. No significant differ-
ences were found for the classification of subjects into
energy activity groups.

No attempt has been made to date to compare data
obtained from a 2U-hour recall record with the yearly
interview questionnaire form. If the shorter form can
classify subjects with reasonable accuracy into physical
activity subgroups, it would be advantageous to us in

conducting research.

CHAPTER III

METHODS OF PROCEDURE

Subjects

Seventy-three volunteer Caucasian women from the
states of Michigan, New York, and New Jersey comprised this
sample (25 subjects in the 20-34 age span; 25 subjects in
the 35-A9 age span; and 23 subjects in the 50-69 age span).
All subjects were in the middle and upper-middle class
socio—economic categories as determined by their husband's
occupation and their educational background. (See Form 1

in Appendix.)

Physical Activitngecall Records

 

The long form, yearly interview questionnaire, used
in the present study was developed at the Human Energy
Research Laboratory, Michigan State University (Wessel,
1966; Lebeau, 1965). This interview questionnaire consisted
of a series of questions inquiring about the kind and fre-
quency of participation in physical activity in one's
vocation and avocation over the preceding year. The ques-
tions sought information on all activities requiring appre-
ciable energy expenditures in leisure, homemaking, community,

and occupation.

The short form, 24—hour recall record used in the
study, with instructions for filling out, is presented
in the Appendix (see Form 2). The work sheets used for
computing descriptive activity groups (Form 3) and energy
groups (Form A) are presented in the Appendix. The recall
record required each subject to keep a daily personal diary
of time spent in all activities engaged in during three
consecutive days (one week day and the weekend). The
first week day was recorded during the interview. Thus, a

total of four recall records were obtained.

Physical Activigy_Estimates

Each individual activity defined in the recall records
was assigned a caloric cost using the values listed by
Passmore and Durnin (1955). For activity tasks not listed
by Passmore and Durnin, estimates were made. Energy expen-
diture tables were developed by classifying the individual
activities into one of four descriptive activity groups;
occupation, leisure, homemaking, and community, and assigning
caloric values. The four descriptive activity groups are
presented in Table l.

The classification of the individual activities into
descriptive activity categories with assigned caloric cost
facilitated the subsequent analysis of calculating energy
expenditure for each index used in this study. The caloric

cost of individual activies under each descriptive category

 

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madman no unwaau HHS“ m accomma cam ocoom< .mm
.an .02 com .mm
Acoapmnmaoua EOOAmmmHo .zAMpmpoomv pcmEm>oE sum unwfiq Iwcappam .am
Aumfiamponu Hm20Humasooo .omusc .nonmwzsmfio .xooo
.nommoaopfimn .onnos anoxmnv xnos and opmnovoz .n
Axnoz zaqeommm usmfia .noucop nan .00 on o>mn uzwfie
Locust» m mm Sousa mma>poasm .cmH0ficnomp Hmofiooe
.pmficmwno no umacmfin can» ponpo CMAOHmSE .moxnos
Hmaoom .cmfiampnfia .pmficoawmn Hmucov .xooo .xnoao
moamm .aoumnono 90pm>mam .pmnomopv xhos Ens pnwfiq .w
Ashoz aha ocv wCHGCMpm .mm
Ammacmoao Hmaooam no wcfipnsnomv x903 sum z>mom .o
Aoame no nomomxomsonv xnoz Ens opmnocoz .n
Anoocanxooo .mmmpmon mafianam .mmonpamzv xnoz Ens unwaq .m
A3903 Ens onv mcHocmpm was moaxam3 .mm
mcHHOAOHm .Hm

 

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pomnnsm comm an pcmmm moHpH>Hpo¢ Hmch>HUcH
mad» as cafiaanpass

caumn Hmmmnqulxnozv

mzm
mzz

 

.UOSCHDCOOII.N mqm<9

15

.Epom unonm map :0 cow: was opsmoaxm non mopscas pomxm

madmoaxo hog mouscfia camaaat
onzmoaxo non mopscfie owaaam
whamoaxo you mop:CHE omaau
ousmoaxo you mmpSCHe om:

 

t~m
\om

no capmn HmmMQIOplxnoz m
as mufi>apom znmpcmnom mm ooESmmm mm: oEHu mom ompcsooomcs HH¢ .m

cmwno no ocmfim can» pmnpo unmasppmcH wcammHm
mcfiecmpm
oncofia a waflocappa
compo no ocmam on» mafimmam
(Anne M CH mafiofip
.wCHpamH> .wConem .wcaxHMp xmonn oommoo .wcfizom
coamfi>oaou mafizoumz .OHoML map on maficopmda .wcfipmov wcfiupfim
mnmo Hmcomnom
mafimamc no wcflpmon Iczoo wcfimq
Aenom mcoq so can» ponumn Each pnonm so om: somv umnmpcmoom .o

msampw mo unwaam amfipnma m osmomoa 0cm Ucmom¢ .
mpHMum mo pnwfiam Hang a ocoomom 6cm ucmom< .2:

16

for filling out the remaining three 2A—hour record forms
were explained to the subject. These three forms, with
directions for filling out, and a stamped self-addressed
envelope for returning the forms were left with each
subject.

The worksheets for computing energy expenditure
for each descriptive activity group and energy groups,

are presented in the Appendix, Forms 3—5.

Treatment of Data

A frequency distribution of average daily energy
expenditure was calculated by age group and for the total
population using the data of the yearly interview ques—
tionnaire and 2A-hour recall records. The number of sub-
jects falling into each division according to data
obtained from each form is presented. The average daily
energy expenditure for each index (descriptive and energy
activity groups) was calculated from the data obtained
from each form by age group.

The reliability of the 2A—hour recall record was
investigated using the t test. The t test used assumed two
normal dependent or correlated subpopulations with nothing

known about the variance:

t . M2 - Ml - 50

Formula: N€D2 _ (eD)2
. N2 (N-l)

 

 

 

 

17

The .05 level of confidence was selected. In addition,
rank order correlations were computed to further assess
the reliability of the measurement. Using these statis—
tiCal techniques, comparison was made of energy expen-
diture as measured by both forms on the descriptive
activity groups: leisure; occupation; homemaking/
community; total (all groups combined) by age group and
for the total population.

 

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS

Examination of the data presented in Table 3 shows
that the greatest frequency of average daily caloric ex-
penditure estimated from both the 2A—hour record and yearly
interview questionnaire occurred in the 2500—2799 calorie
range followed by the 2800-3099 and the 2200-2499 ranges.
Only a few scattered cases fell above or below these
ranges.The average daily caloric expenditures estimated
from the 2A—hour recall record (short form) and yearly
interview questionnaire (long form) for age group and for
the total population is presented in Table A. Comparison
of energy expenditures estimated from both the long and
short forms are similar for age groups and for the total
population. In the descriptive activity subgroups, the
greatest number of calories were expended for homemaking/
community and the least number in leisure. The same
pattern was evident in the energy activity groups: the
greatest number in light-sedentary and the least number
in active.

The significant difference between the means ob-
tained from the 2A-hour recall record and the yearly inter-
view questionnaire occurred in the category of leisure for

the 20-3A age group and for the total population.

18

 

l9

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20

r.".

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.onHw::0Humo=o 30H>Hoch hHHmo»

”anon unonmm
”890m wcqu

 

 

 

 

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Each Shem Show N 890m
mqsoaw sz>Huo<
COHpmHsaom msmom mmnom mpmom mznmm mpmoz :mnom
Hmpoe msuz mmuz mmuz , mmnz
masons ow¢

 

 

.COHumHzaom Hmpou was adopw omm an onHmCCOHumosu 3oH>poch
zHHmmz ocm opooop HHMOon msonlzm you opzuHccoqxo OHHOHMO zHHmoiowmpo><ul.= mqm¢e

21

The rank order correlation coefficients in Table 5
revealed highest relationship between the 24-hour recall
record and the yearly interview questionnaire for occupa—
tion and homemaking/community activities by group as well
as for the total population. Leisure and total energy
expenditure showed the lowest relationships. The results
of the correlation analyses supports the above findings.

It is interesting to note, however, that the total
energy expenditure value indicated no significant differ-
ence between the two forms. From the data, it would
appear that the short form is a more reliable measure for
the older age groups than the younger age group. The
reliability of measurement for younger age group seemed
to be affected by the leisure component. Examination of
Table 1 indicated that the greatest variability occurred
in the age group 24-34, particularly in the range of
3700—3999 for total calories expended. The same trend
can be noted for leisure component for this age group in
Table 2. Perhaps this is explained by the fact that their
leisure activities do not vary much throughout the year
and so remains relatively constant. The results indicate
that the leisure component needs further refinement.

It is readily apparent in this study that the short form

is a more reliable measurement for the older age groups.

232

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mH p cog:

 

 

 

 

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oo olv c c me c we v anme m mH wLoLB
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.m.z coam.H c\m.** .m.: oomo. man. a .m.: Hmmm. I ems. * w.m.z mmo.m Hmm.** szc:EEoo
Ucm wcmeEoEo:
mmocoaodLHc n L mmoconormHQ p L umocmnoa H; p L mmocopmdez u L masopo sz>Hpo<
accoHdHcme pcmoHuHcmHm unmoHLHcmHm pcmoHdwcme m>HuaHLowmQ
coHpmHaaoa Hence .omnom asumm amuom
men: mmnc man: mm":
m a D o m o z c a

 

.coHpmHsaoa Hmpop och ccm
quopw mwm Lou mnHmccoHumosv 3oH>Loch HHLmom Ucm Choomm HHmooL Lscctzm an masoLmQSm >BH>Hpom o>HuqHLommU mo comHLmQEooll.m mqm<9

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The primary purpose of this study was to validate the
data obtained from a 24-hour recall record against informa—
tion obtained from an interview questionnaire covering the
entire year. In this study, the reliability of the 24-hour

recall record method will be determined by its ability to

4
L311:

classify subjects into similar descriptive activity groups
by comparison with data obtained from yearly interview
questionnaires.

Seventy-three Caucasian middle class women served as
subjects. All subjects were volunteers. The subjects were
divided into three age groups: 20-34; 35—49; and 50 and over.
Four 24-hour recall records were obtained on each subject
during the summer of 1966. One recall record was obtained
by interview. The other three recall records were kept by
each subject as a personal diary covering three consecutive
days. The days covered by the recall record included two
week days and two weekend days. Each subject was interviewed
using the yearly interview questionnaire. The information
obtained from these recall records (24-hour and yearly) was

the source of data for assessing physical activity energy

23

24

expenditure. Caloric costs of different activities was
determined based on information in the literature. The
reliability of the 24—hour recall record was investigated
using the t test and rank order correlations. Using these
statistical techniques, a comparison was made of energy
expenditure as measured by both forms on the descriptive
activity subgroups: leisure, occupation, homemaking and
community. I

In general, the data obtained from these two forms
revealed similar trends; distribution of caloric expenditure
in the descriptive activity groups and energy groups for age
and for the total population. No significant differences
were found for claSsification of subjects into descriptive
activity groups for homemaking/community and occupation.
Leisure was the one descriptive activity group that showed
significant differences. The results of the rank order
correlations verified the above results. Homemaking/commun-
ity and occupation had the highest rank order correlations
and leisure the lowest. This difference is explainable by
the fact that the weekly record was kept during the summer—
time when the subjects engaged in more physical activity.
It would appear that the 24-hour recall record with additional
questions pertaining to change in leisure activities over
the year is a reliable procedure for classifying subjects

into activity subgroups with reasonable accuracy.

REFERENCES

25

REFERENCES

Herrold, Judith Ann. An exploratory study to investigate
the effectiveness of an activity recall record for
measuring the degree of physical activity in daily
living among homemakers. M. A. Thesis, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 1961.

Human Energy Research Laboratory, Michigan State University,
East Lansing, Michigan, 1967. Data for reproduci-
bility of physical activity measures obtained through
yearly interview questionnaire.

Lebeau, Deann. Physical activity recall record for adult
women: validation of the method. M. A. Thesis,
Mighigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan,
19 5.

Odell, C. W. An Introduction to Educational Statistics.
New York: Prentice—Hall, Inc., 1946, p. 165.

Passmore, R. and J.V.G.A. Durnin. Human energy expenditure.
Physiol. Rev. 35: 801-840, 1955.

 

Wessel, Janet A., H. J. Montoye, and H. Mitchell. Physical

activity assessment: by recall record. Amer. J.
Pub; Health, 55(9): 1430-1436. “—"“’

 

Wessel, Janet A. Yearly Interview QuestiOnnaire for Physical
Activity Assessment of Women. Human Energy Research
Laboratory, Dep. HPR, MSU, East Lansing, Michigan,
1966.

26

APPENDICES

2?

 

Form

Form

Form

Form

Form

Form

APPENDIX A

Background Information

Instructions and 24-Hour Activity Recall Record
(short form).

24—Hour Recall Record—~Descriptive Activity

Groups.
Part I. Work Sheet.
Part 2. Summary Work Sheet.

24-Hour Recall Record--Energy Groups.
Part I. Work Sheet.
Part 2. Summary Work Sheet.

Wessel's Yearly Interview Activity Questionnaire.

Work Sheet - Yearly Questionnaire.
Part 1.
Part 2.

28

 

 

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29

 

 

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:

 

 

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mCOHmmHEEoo .zHMHmm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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nuHmoz uocnmm .m moEOQCH aHHemm n30»
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cushouoon .:
tapas: .m HaHaaaHHaaa EH
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msoHaHn Hoonom stm .H batman pmmcsz an» mH page
mIH monHoo .: mHlm .oom .m Hoco xoonov oopoHano
wIH HEon .m ocoz .H :0» oomaw umoaan mH awn:
COHquSOoo m.vcmnmsn .ooHnsms 9H mapmpm HmpHpms
mango: macs» HMHuHsH pmnHm _ pqu
oumonann pmmH pm om< . opmocpHHm osmz
ill. nmon>noch
opma
hahssz sownnam
msmz

COHmeLomcH panchwxomm

.H 590m

30

Form 2. Instructions and 24—Hour Activity Recall
Record.

Name Subject Number

 

Date Given

 

1. Fill out form twenty-four hour activity recall record.
Include 3 consecutive days- Friday, Saturday, Sunday,
or Saturday, Sunday, and Monday in the four—day record.

Friday (Date)
Saturday (Date)
Sunday (Date)
. Monday (Date)

 

 

 

tWNI—J

 

2. Start each day when you wake up in the morning.

3. Count hours of sleep from when you go to bed until you
wake up the following morning.

4. Be as accurate as possible in time spent in each activity.

5. In activities which are not self-explanatory, be sure to
indicate whether you were sitting, standing, or walking.

6. If you lifted, carried, or pushed something, please
indicate how much it weighed.

7. Include the number of times you climbed stairs- up and
down counts as one trip. This number may be added at the
end of the day.

8. At the left-hand side of each line, write the time spent
for each activity. Then write what the activity was. Start
each new time on a new line. If you need more room, write
on the back of the page.

9. Each record should be filled out at the same time each day.

10. Return these records in the attached self—addressed
stamped envelope.

11. If you run into difficulty, call Gail Brown at this
phone number 355-6074.

Thank you so much for your cooperation.

31

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32

 

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COHuooccoo

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mama mam

 

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33

 

 

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34

 

 

 

 

 

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was:

Form 5. Wessel's Yearly Interview

Activity Questionnaire1

Name

 

Subject Number
Date

 

Interviewer

Introduction: We know that most of us receive assistance

 

with household duties from one or more
members of our families. I am interested
in the time you, yourself, spend in these
activities rather than in the total time
spent by the family or by professional
help outside of the family.

Homemaking - Weekly, Regplar - First, I would like to ask
you some questIons about homemaking duties which the
majority of women do daily or weekly. (Where time is
indicated, interviewer should note time in hours and
minutes).

 

 

 

Time Spent

About how much time did you spend last week
doing the following:
Marketing and shopping? Include the time you
were in the stores and the time spent in load-
ing and unloading the groceries and packages
but not the time spent in getting to and from
the store. 1.
Getting to and from the stores by:
(a) walking 2a.
(b) bicycle 2b.
Preparing meals? Include preparing the food,
setting the table, serving the food and pack—
ing lunches.
3a. Breakfasts
3b. Lunches
3c. Dinners

Total 3.

1Form developed over a period of three years in conjunction
with physiological assessment of women carried on at the
Human Energy Research Laboratory, Dept. H.P.R., M.S.U..

Not to be reproduced without permission!

36

37

4. Cleaning up after meals? Include clearing
the table; putting food away; scraping,
stacking, washing, rinsing, drying and
putting the dishes away; cleaning the stove
and sink and emptying the garbage.
4a. Breakfasts
4b. Lunches
4c. Dinners

Total 4.

 

 

5. Gathering clothes and linens; spotting, put-
ting clothes into and removing from the
washer if you use one? Include light hand
washing and the time taken to put clothes
in and remove from an automatic dryer if you
use one. 5.

6. Scrubbing clothes, hand wringing or hanging
clothes on a line to dry? 6.

7a. Dampening, hand ironing, folding and putting

clothes away? 7a.
7b. Ironing or pressing using a mangle? 7b.
8. Dusting, vacuuming and sweeping? 8.

9. Picking up clothes, putting rooms in order
and making beds on days you didn't strip
them? 9.

10. Stripping beds and remaking them? 10.

11. Wet mopping and sponging floors and cleaning
the bathroom? Even if you do it weekly,
please don't include scrubbing and waxing
floors or shaking rugs. These will be asked
later. ll.

12. Driving a car for such purposes as visiting,
- getting to and from community activities,
‘ chauffeuring family members to school, work,
music lessons, sports, etc., in other words,
for anything other than getting to and from
your work or in connection with your work? 12.

 

B. Homemaking - Weekly, Special - Now I would like to ask about
other activities you might do weekly, depending on your own
personal situation. '

 

13.

14.

38

Do you have small children or infants who

need assistance with feeding, bathing,

dressing and so on? Yes No

(if "no", interviewer should go on to

question 14; if "yes", ask sub-questions

under 13.)

13a. How much time did you spend last week
feeding, bathing, dressing and putting
the children to bed?

13b. Lifting or carrying small children or

infants. How much does each child weigh?

13c. What types of physical activities do
you regularly do with small children
or infants such as playing on the floo
with them, pushing a stroller, playing
in the yard, etc;? How much time did
you spend last week doing each? (Don't
use weight of child for playing, walke
ing in the yard, or pushing child on
swings, etc.)

13cl

‘ActIvIty

2
Activity

130

13c3

Activity

Are there family members or others who have
physical impairments or chronic conditions
requiring special care which you, yourself,
have performed for approximately the last
year? Yes No (if "no", go to
question 15; if "yes", ask sub-questions.)
14a. About how much time did you spend last

AQ-3
Subject No.__

13a.

13b.
wgt.
wgt.

I‘

13c

13c

130

week carrying, lifting, or pushing this
person? How much does the person weigh? 14a.

14b. Carrying trays, bringing medications
and running errands?

14c. Are there other things you do for this
person? How much time did you spend
last week doing them? (List)

wgt.
14b.

39

 

AQ-4
Subject No.__
14c , l4
1 * C1
1402 1402

 

15. a. About how many times did you ascend and
descend a full flight of stairs last
week? Count up and down as one trip.

(Except in occupation.) 15a.
No. of trips

 

b. About how many times did you ascend and
descend a partial flight of stairs last
week? This would roughly be between

3 and 9 steps. 15b.
No. of trips

16. About how many hours do you sleep a night? 16.
hours/night

*fiifiiflfiflfi'lfifllflfifiiflifififlfiflifi*flflfiifi

In relationship to what you have just told me about your weekly
activities, would you say that the time you spend in these
homemaking activities changed much in the last year? (If
questioned on the word "much", check "yes" and ask questions,

 

a,b and c) Yes No (if "no" skip to Catagory "C"; if
"yes", ask a, b, and c.)
a. For how long did it change? (weeks)

 

b. What kind of change was it? (Find out which weekly
activities changed and get a quantitative estimate
of how much more or less time was spent - e.g. l/2
as much, 5 hours per week more, didn't do any at all,

etc.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

activities more Or less time?

c. Why did it change?

 

ifiifllfllfl*flflfiflfiifliflflfiiflflflfliiiflflfifl’

C. Homemaking - Yearly — Now, if I may, I would like to ask
about' some of the things you may have done over the last
year, but which you probably did not do as regularly as
what I have already asked. (In all questions concerning

 

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

40
AQ-5

Subject No.__

yearly activities, help respondent to figure total time

in hours per year by asking "for how many weeks?"

If

she tends to think in hours per week record in hours

per year.)

About how much time did you spend in the last
year doing such things as scrubbing floors on
hands and knees, waxing floors, shampooing rugs
or furniture, polishing furniture, beating rugs,
washing woodwork, walls or windows, cleaning
cupboards, rearranging furniture or doing other
special cleaning?

About how much time did you spend in the last
year in doing work around the home such as
painting walls or ceilings, hanging wallpaper,
doing carpentry work such as building shelves
or cupboards, sawing or chopping wood, laying
flagstone or cement for a patio, painting the
outside of the house, painting lawn furniture
and washing, painting or hanging screens or
storm windows?

Did you spend any time in the last year taking
care of a temporarily sick or injured person?
Yes NO (if "no", skip to question 20;
if "yes", ask 19 a, b and c.)

a. About how much time did you spend carrying,
lifting, or pushing this person? How much
does this person weigh?

b. How much time carrying trays, bringing
medications and running errands?

0. Were there other things you did for this
person? . How much time did
you spend doing them?

 

About how much time did you spend last year
shoveling snow?

Are there any community activities or clubs
such as Girl Scouts, church activities, Red
Cross work, soliciting for the Mother's

March, garden clubs, hospital work that you
do? Yes NO (if "no" skip to question
22; if "yes", ask questions 21a, b and c and
fill in the chart on Community Activities.)
(21. Community Activity scores go directly from
chart to Work Sheet.)

 

17.

18.

19a.

wgt.
19b.

190.

20.

 

U
”I

l ‘ v
- -o

41

AQ—6
Subject No.__

21a. What are the names of the organizations
or groups? (Interviewer should list
here and also fill in the names of the
organizations on the chart (Community
Activities Chart).

 

 

21b. Would you tell me, generally, the types of
things you do in each? Please mention if
you use machines, tools or equipment in
these activities. (Interviewer should
repeat the names of the organizations and
list the types of things done by the name
of the organization. List separately things
done that are of different activity levels--
such as typing and making beds as might be
the case with volunteer hospital work.)

210. About how much time did you spend last year
doing each of these activities? (Interviewer
should again repeat the name of the organiza-
tion and the types of work done and list the
times on the chart - e.g. "How much time do
you spend typing at the hospital?" "About
how much time do you spend making beds at the
hospital?" NOTE: If any of the work involves
lifting, carrying or pushing, find out the
weight of the object and record this in the
"kinds of things done" column.

 

,. .'.'-'I
uCUPPb time/yr x L i

 

have of Irfllhiffifififl alwi; “f ILiugn lone Time yr.

”“ lffih’ Auicraze Active

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TKJ‘TALS

 

42

 

 

 

 
 

AQ-7
Subject No.__
22. About how much time did you spend in the
last year working on your lawn and in
your garden doing such things as mowing,
raking, digging, cultivating, weeding,
planting and fertilizing? 22.
23. How much time did you spend last year
working on such active hobbies as refinishing
furniture or redecorating rooms? 23.
24. Did you take an active part in golf,
swimming, basketball or other sports, 24. (Sports Act-
activities in the past year? YES ivities Scores
NO (if "no" skip to question 24 a are to be put
and b and fill in the Sports Activity directly from
Chart.) chart to Work
Sheet.)
a. What sports did you take part in?
(List here and fill in names of sports,
as necessary, on chart.)
b. How many times would you say you did each of
these sports activities in the last year?
(Repeat names of sports.) The interviewer
calculates min./exposure, etc. from metabolic
cost scoring table.
SPORTS ACTIVITY CHART
.JCDI‘E’.) — fl
Times Time/yr x BER
pecial Instructions Pone/ Mins/ W:_
Name of Sport (check applicable blanks) Yr. Expos. HR. Light Moderate Active
Swimming Twimmer___

Golf

Others:

or
ion Swimmer

, Holes or 18 Holes

alk__ or Cart__

 

43

 

 

 

 

AQ—8
Subject No.__

 

 

 

 

25. Did you participate last year in
such recreational activities as
fishing, hunting, hiking, bicycl- 25. (Recreational
ing, boating, walking or dancing? Activities Scores
Yes No (if "no", go to are to be put
question 26; if "yes", ask 25 a directly from the
and b and fill in Recreational chart to the work
Activities Chart.) sheet.)
a. What active recreational activities Time/yr.
did you take part in? (List here
and fill in on chart.)
b. How many times would you say you did
each activity last year? (Repeat
names of activities. The interviewer
calculates mins./exposure etc. from
Metabolic Cost Scoring Table.
OTHER RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES CHART
I "‘“ ““‘ "‘“F'n r 'f‘ i _
I scores - Hfiu
' Time/yr x BER
Name of Special Instructions Times/ Mins/ Time/ Eli
Activity E(check applicable blanks? Yr. Expos. Yr. ‘TR Lirht Moderate Active
Fishing hype? stream__, boat__,

lshore__, etc.

 

Hunting gyrind? h]ind__, fieli__

 

I
'Kind? social__, folk or

 

 

 

Dance
square__, contemporary__

Boating Type? row__, canoo__,
881 1__, moi. CI!"—

Hiking Type? Mts.__, flat ‘
walks__ ‘

Others:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Totals

 

 

 

 

 

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

44

AQ-9
Subject No.__

About how many times did you walk for one

half hour or more last year? Please do

not include any time you mentioned under

hiking. 26.
Timesx60=Time

About how many times did you do conditioning

exercises, gymnastics exercises or exercises

for the purpose of loosing weight, figure

control or for any other purpose for one

half hour or more last year? 27.
Timesx60=Time

What other non-sitting activities did you

engage in that have not been included?

And how often did you do each?

 

 

28a. 28a.
28b. 28b.
28c. 28c.

 

Employment - A few last questions on your work if you
are employed or self—employed.

 

Have you been employed in the last year? Yes

No (if "no", the interview is completed; thank
respondent for assistance; if "yes", continue with
the questions.)

 

Are you currently employed? Yes No . (if "no",
go to questions under Non-Current Employment; if "yes",
ask questions under Current Employment.)

 

 

 

Current Employment

 

What is your present occupation?

 

How many hours a week do you work?

 

How many weeks per year do you do this work?

 

How many hours last week did you spend driving

in connection with this work? Include time

driving to and from work and any driving you

do during work? 29.

How many hours did you spend last week walk—
ing to or from work? 30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

45

AQ-lO

Subject No.__

How many hours did you spend last week
riding a bicycle to, from or in connection
with your work?

How much time did you spend last week
walking while at work?

32a. What types of things do you do while
walking?

 

 

 

 

How much time did you spend last week standing
while at work?

33a. What types of things do you do while
standing?

 

 

 

 

How much time did you spend last week sitting
while at work?

34a. What types of things do you do while
sitting?

 

 

 

 

How much time did you spend last week lifting,
pushing or carrying objects while at work?_

35a. About how much do these things weigh?
About how many times last week did you ascend

and descend a full flight of stairs? Count
up and down as one trip.

No.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

of

trips

46

AQ—ll
Subject No.__

*******************************

Have you basically done the same type of activity each week
while you have worked at this occupation over the last year?
Yes. No (if "yes", skip questions a, b and c; if "no",
ask questions a, b and c.)

 

 

a. For how many weeks did it differ?

 

b. What kind of change was it? (Find out what activities
changed and get a quantitative estimate of how much
more or less time was spent.)

 

 

 

 

activities More or less time spent?

0. Why did it change?

 

***********§**********fififlflflflififl'fl’

Have you held any other job in the last year? Yes No
(if "no", the interview is over; thank respondent; if ”yes",

ask the questions under Non—Current Employment.)

 

Non-Current Employment

 

While you are not currently doing this work, what other
kinds of employment have you had in the last year?

 

_ _ _ _5¥ (S - use dotted Iifieg Ir“2‘h6h:cErFth’36b§ -
were held in the last year)

How many hours per week did you work? _ _ _ _
For how many weeks did you work at this in the past
year? _ _ _ _

37. How many hours per week did you spend driving in
connection with this work? Include time driving
to and from work and any driving in connection
with the work. 37.

38. How many hours per week did you spend walking
to and from work? 38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

4?

AQ—l2
Subject No._fl

How many hours per week did you spend riding
a bicycle to and from work or in connection
with your work? 39.

How much time did you spend per week sitting
while at work? 40.

40a. What types of things did you do while
Sitting?

 

 

_———.—__———

 

How much time did you spend per week standing
while at work? 41.

41a. What types of things did you do while
standing?

 

 

 

How much time did you spend walking while
at work? 42.

42a. What types of things did you do while
walking?

_-——_—__-—-__

 

 

 

How much time did you spend per week lifting,

carrying or pushing objects? 43.__
43a. About how much did these objects weigh? wgtT — —
wgt._

About how many times per week did you walk up
and down a full flight of stairs? 44.

“—-

fl!!!*****************fiil'flfl'fii-fifiie*it-it-

48

 

 

AQ—l3
Subject No.__
Did you basically do the same type of activity each week
while you worked at this occupation? Yes No
Yes No

(if "yes", interview is concluded; thank Fespahdeat? if
"no", ask questions a, b and c.)

a. For how many weeks did it differ?

b. What kind of change was it?

 

 

 

 

 

 

— —AEtIvItIe§ — — — How mu3h_m3re or-IESS
time?

0. Why did it change?

 

(Interview is concluded; thank respondent for assistance.)

49

Form 6. Work Sheet-—Yearly Questionnaire.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Name Date Tabulator Subject Number
Score = time/year x g%%

Time/week
in mins. Time/week Weeks Light Moderate Active
(153+bare (use only if time £35 1.1- 4.5—6.0 6.1+
in A of spent changed Time/Year EHH 4.4 cal. cal.

Activity times) Wezks during the year) in mine. * cal.

l 4.0

2a 4.0

2b 5 0

3 3.2

4 3 2

5 3.2

6 4.5

7a '2' ’)

7b 4.2

8 4.2

9 u I.

10 4.5

11 4.5

12 2.0

13a 3.0

13b * ___

13c1 *

l3c2 *

1303 *

14a * ___

14b 4.2

14cl *

l4c2 ' *

15a 6.7

15b 3.3

Totals

Homemaking

Weekly

 

 

16 1.0

 

 

50

Form 6. Part l-—continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Name Date Tabulator Subject Number
mrp
1‘, .. = ': /.. a "'.l
.co.e tire yelr x EAR
Time/week Weeks ..g * flclerate Active
Time/week (use only if time Time/year WMR 1.1— 4.5—6 0 6.1+
in spent changed in ETE 4.4 cal cal
Activity minutes Weeks in the year) minutes * cal.
29 9.0
30 4.0
31 5.0
2 9t-
33 *
3n *
35 *
36- 6.7
37 2.0
R
3. 4.0
39 r A
job?
40 *
41 *
42 *
43 *
uu 6 7
Totals
Occupation

 

 

Grand Total
Homemaking, Community, Leisure
and Occupation (*1-15, 17-44)

 

Totals
Sedentary**

 

Grand Total - Homemaking, Community,
Leisure, Occupation, Sedentary
(everything but sleep) (Al-15, 17-44)

 

 

*WMR
BMR will depend on weight, activity, etc. and cannot be filled in until questionnaire
is given. Where weight is variable, it is boxed in in the top right box.

**Sedentary Time = 525600 minutes—-total minutes accounted for (include time for
homemaking, community, leisure, occupation, and sleep). Sedentary Score =
1.4 cal. x time.

51

Form 6. Part l--continued.
Name Date Tatulator Subject Number

 

 

 

 

o WMR
Score = time/year x BMR

 

”mp Light Moderate Active

 

II..il .
m. . H .H- 1.1- 4.'-6.0 6.1+
Time/week glee; Nlnu./ lime/year rmh 4 4 :11 cal
Activity (mins.) Weeks Done/year expas. (mins.) * “:1 ’ '
'VJJI

 

;_I

\1
,.
fl

 

 

H
F)
C‘
C
.1

 

 

19a *

 

 

19b 4.2

 

 

10.0 *

 

 

20 5.8

 

 

Totals
Homemaking
Yearly

 

 

Grand Total
Homemaking
Weekly and Yearly (l—l? and 17-22)

 

 

 

21

 

 

Totals
Community

 

 

Grand Total
Homemaking and
Community (Al—15 and 17-31)

t.

 

 

 

22 6.1

 

 

23 5.8

 

 

24

 

 

25

 

 

26 ‘ 4.

C)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

28c - *

 

 

Totals
Leisure

 

 

Grand Total
Homemaking, Community and
Leisure (Al—15 and 17—28)

 

 

52?

 

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