A“ w TH'E TRYPETiDAE OF MICHIGAN Thesis fat the Degree af M. S. MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE Ryoii 'Namba 1950' ‘etfiigisns. ' ' K I This is to certify that the thesis entitled The Trypetidae of L-tichigan presented bg ‘ ' l. Ryoji Namba has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for A ‘ f ‘ Master's degree in Entomology ajor professor Date g/Qé/// y‘s—fl 0-169 -—_— — PLACEINREIURNBmctoremavethlsdtedcoutflomyourrecord. NAVOIDFINESretum on or befomqate due. m BE mum with earlier due date If requested. THE TRYEETIDAE OF MICHIGAN By Ryoji Namba P A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Eichigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Entomology 1950 UHESt't‘» ACKUOWLEDGEIENT To Professor Ray Hutson, head of department, and Professor Eugenia McDaniel (retired) my sincere apprecia- tion for expert guidance and advice "not found in books”. To the others who kindly helped me, many thanks. They are Dr. J. R. Hoffman, Assistant Professor, Department of Entomoloay, Hichigan State College, who helped in photography, Drs. T. H. Hubbell and J. S. Rogers, who gave me permission to inspect the University of Kichigan material, Dr. R. R. Dreisbach of Kidland, Kichigan, for the loan of his specimens, Dr. A. Stone, U. S. National fiuseum, for his advice in nomenclature, and Er. C. W. Sabrosky, U. S. National Huseum, for his determinations and donation of material. Lastly I am deeply obligated to Kr. George Steyskal of Detroit, Kichigan, for his help throughout the paper; without him this work would not be completed. He helped in many ways but above all he in- spired me to work harder. Throughout this work the one thing that impressed me most was the willingness of authorities to help a beginner. ‘3"? ? 3" MK; ." u., . TABLE OF CCI ’;TEHlS KETHCDSM ‘”D ROCLDL 1E HA3 CF "I HIGAN IIE’ TO TEEG GEITLRA CF I.-ICZZItm.. DISCUSSION LITLRATURE CITE D IEY TU TFE BLATES fl QT —:.T‘ q— 7—. ' SrnCln Page CA 60 65 iETI-ICDS AITD LIECCEDUIILE KETHCDS AND LROCEDURE This work was begun during the summer of 1948. In its initial stage it consisted of collecting material only. During late Fall of 1948 I visited the home of Kr. Steyskal where he made available to me the list and records of the Trypetidae of kichigan. Using this list as a basis, inten- sive collecting was done in 1949 to supplement the county records and material in species where few specimens were available. As soon as adequate material was obtained figures were made. Drawings were made on engineering drawing paper with Hunt crowquill pens Nos. 102-107. Stippling was made with a No. 15 ballpoint pen. Where enough material was available wings were mount- ed on slides and photographed. dings were first washed in alcohol to remove all grease and debris. They were left on clean slides to dry. After the alcohol evaporated a drop of cedar oil was placed on each wing and let soak for about 10 minutes for softening. Excess oil was wiped off, then the wings were mounted in Canadian balsam. Photography was done with an universal view camera with a bellows extension up to three and half feet. The lens used was a 35mm microtessar (Carl Zeiss Planar f4.5). Wing slides were placed on an adjustable microscope mount which was situated below the upright camera. Light source was a microscOpe light, the light being reflected through the slide and into the camera by a mirror found under the microscope mount. Kodak Process Panchromatic plates were used. I ONTONAGON -‘ I H. 1I_._ I I BARAGA I3 soccer . _L . I - --—-—I "‘I— I MARQUETTE ~\.\! IRON I_'—"I Imcxmsau' ‘1" J ‘I \ I (utuoumti / L7 ‘. LAKE i I LUCE I . A I CHIPPEWA scuoorcruml ,___ I— I- ‘1 /' ‘- 9 6/9 b. I kwond. "HI \ . /%B\ \\ I .- LEELANAU\ \\ ._. II PRESQUEISLI‘. Q i .1 WWI—7L.-. I... _. MONT 6’ ANTRIM I—msaco IMORENCYI mum ._._I_. _I' _- 35mg? GRAND IMMIGRAWFORDI OSCODAI ALCONA .TTAE.__I__I_._I_._. mmsrmlwcxroaoo omwxrtimscoumouiocgmw‘: 'OSCO I . - _ I. . - . _.L . -l_.. *7 TI TI T III"! mum W50“ LAKE OSCEOLA CLARE IGLADWltj—j .J" l .’ I LPENA .z" HURON O—I—U -- I L—- ' ° ammo ~ . Tuscou . WWW Ic—wlm I SAGINAW I I..-I_ .I._-.r 1 ._ T_.._ . ' MECOSTA Memo Iw ' mourn I. _l ISABELLA MUSKEGON -9. l I _..J_._,_ ..I. __I. _r_i_ rEmu! I EATON i IIIGIIAMILIVINcsmII ._. l .i i ' ....IL._.'_. . _ I ! ._. VANBURWIWMAZOOI CALHOUN I JACKSON IWASHTENAWI my»: I CASS I5 ”Sf—WI WNW IHILLSDALEI LENAWEE [MONROE “"5“ I?! CLAIR .I...I Imam I—L—I— AchAN I WW0 l .anjn- BERRIEN d—“n THE TRYEETIDAE CF ETCHIGAN The Trypetidae (fruit flies) have attracted much at— tention because of their picturesque wing marking and economic importance. Rhagoletis_p9monella (Walsh), the apple maggot, and Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew), the cherry maggot, have been serious pests in the orchards of this country, while the Mediterranean fruit fly is notorious as a cosmopolitan pest. This paper attempts to present an accurate and com- plete manual for the systematist and economic entomologist on the Trypetidae of Michigan. All descriptions and draw- ings herein were made from fiichigan specimens with the thought that if this paper should contribute anything to the systemat- ic knowledge of the family Trypetidae, it will be in the description of the minute geographical differences we find within a species. This family has been variously called Trypetidae, Trupaneidae, Trypaneidae, Tephritidae, and Euribiidae. C. W. Sabrosky (39, p. 167) proposes the use of the name Trypetidae because of its common usage and because of the nomenclatural complications and rare usage of the other names. There are 40 species recorded in Hichigan of which I have seen 37. Eurosta latifrons (Loew), one of the three I have not seen, was recorded as found in Michigan by Osten-Sacken (l, p. 609). The whereabouts of the specimen(s) are not known to me. Phorellia tortilis Coquillett is in the United States National Kuseum in Washington, D. C. Though several specimens of Rhagoletis alternata (Fallen) have been caught in Kichigan, I have not been able to locate these specimens. The Trypetidae can be easily distinguished from the other acalypterates by the auxiliary vein which bends sharply towards the costa almost perpendicularly. The characters used in classification are the same as those used by Benjamin (5, pp. 4, 5). KEY TO THE GENERA OF IICHIGAN SPECIES l. Anterior pair of dorsocentral bristles located on prescutum or near transverse suture well in front of line drawn between the supraalars................................. 2 Anterior pair of dorsocentrals located at most slightly in front, at any rate not near suture................................ 11 2(1). First vein sharply bent at right angles making the stigma short; strong bristles located on the costa at the humeral cross-vein and at the end of the auxiliary vein...... Stenopa Loew Without the above combination of characters... 3 3(2). Scutellum globose, shining; mesonotum with pale scale—like hairs forming specific pat- terns; with presutural dorsocentral bristles 4 Without the above combination of characters... 5 4(3). Second vein with a perpendicular branch near the tip..................Callachna Aldrich Without a perpendicular branch................ .......................Procecidochares Hendel 6(5). 7(6). 8(7). 9(6). 10(9). 11(1). l2(ll). 13(12). Wings almost entirely dark brown, with numerous hyaline and light brown droplets; a slim hyaline crescent on the antero-apical margin of wings..................Eutreta Loew Wings not as above ..... ....................... 6 with 3 pairs of fronto-orbital bristles, the lower pair may be small.......... ........ .. 7 Usually with 2 pairs of fronto-orbitals, if more than 2 pairs then wing pattern brown with numerous hyaline droplets.................. 9 Wing pattern in the form of oblique bands on hyaline background.......Tomoplagia Coquillett Wings without such pattern... .......... ....... 8 Wings with no hyaline apical marginal indenta- tion in the submarginal and first posterior cells; with two or three hyaline spots on the disk...................Xanthaciura Hendel Yith hyaline marginal indentatiOns; pattern stellate and subapical, the basal portion may be hyaline or lightly reticulated...... ............................Trupanea Guettard Proboscis long, slim, and geniculated......... 0.000000000000000000000coo... arOXEna Hendel PrObOSCiS flat as EbboveooooOooo0000000000000... lo Wing pattern stellate-like, subapical; basal portion of wing before a line drawn from tip of auxiliary vein to tip of sixth vein, mostly hyaline; if otherwise (T. albice s) then third vein bare.....Tephthis Estreille Wing pattern consists of dark markings with numerous hyaline droplets and marginal in- dentations; basal portion with almost equal amount of dark and hyaline; third vein bristled......................Euaresta Loew Front wide, about twice the size of maximum width of one eye; reddish brown, robust species.......................Eurosta Loew Front narrower, at most a little wider than one eye..................................-. 12 Wings broad, apex rounded, with two large marginal hyaline triangular indentation just beyond the stigma..................... 13 Wings without above combination of characters. 14 With four pairs of fronto-orbital bristles.... .....................Jamesomyia Quisenberry With three pairs of frontb-orbital bristles... ............................1§Olefla Rondani 14(12). Anterior crossvein situated distinctly beyond the middle of the discal cell............. 15 Anterior crossvein situated before or near the middle of the discal cell............. 19 15(14). With two pairs of fronto-orbital bristles; wings broad, dark brown with numerous hyaline droplets; hyaline marginal indenta- tions small.............Xanthomyia Phillips With three or more pairs of‘fronto-ofbital bristles; wings not as above.............. 16 16(15). Hetanotum yellowish, at most slightly brown- ish; dorsocentral bristles not located on black spots............................... 17 Metanotum blackish, if yellowish then dorso- central bristles located on black spots... 18 17(16). Wings with the margins dark brown, central portion yellowish brown with numerous dark brown angular spots; stigmatal cell long, nearly four times as long as wide......... ..............................Icterica Loew Wings not as described above; front often with lateral margins raised so that it resembleS' a basin; stigmatal cell shorter, nearly twice as long as wide..................... ..................Strauzia Robineau-Desvoidy 18(16). With wing markings connecting the third and fourth veins at the margin of the wing apex..............Orellia Robineau-Desvoidy Hyaline between third and fourth veins at the apex................Neaspilota Osten-Sacken 19(14). Third antennal joint rounded in front........ ................Phorellia Robineau-Desvoidy Third antennal jointfipointed in front........ ............................Rhagoletis Loew GENUS STEHOPA LCEW STEROPA VULXERATA (Loew) Trypeta vulnerata Loew, 1873, Eon. Dipt. N. Am., part 3, p. 232. Trypeta (Stenopa) vulnerata Loew. OSTEN-SACKEN, 1878, Smithsn. Misc. Collect. 270, p. 189. Stenopa vulnerata (Loew). ALDRICE, 1905, Cat. N. Am. Dipt. p. 603. PHILLIPS, 1923, Journ. N. Y. Ent. 800., vol. 31, p. 133, fig. 20. General color black. Front with brownish band in central portion, whitish border next to eye. Face with broad, brown band running longitudinally, with whitish lateral bands. Antennae yellow. A patch of light brown is found between the ventral angle of eye and oral margin. Three pairs of fronto-orbitals and two pairs of upper fronto-orbitals, the uppermost pair white. Mesonotum black with golden pollen. Scutellum shining black, rather swollen, with four long black bristles. Metanotum shining black. Abdomen black; the first three segments with mostly short white hairs and a bit of small black hairs and the last two segments with short black hairs only. On the posterior margin of the last segment is a row of rather long black bristles. Ovipositor sheath black on the basal half, then brown, then black on the tip. Pleura black pollinose. Femora blackish except for tip which is yellow- ish brown. Tibia, tarsi, and fore coxae yellowish brown. 1 Wing markings brownish black. There is a pair of strong bristles on the costa at the humeral vein and two pairs at the junction of auxiliary and costa. The first vein is ab- ruptly bent upward like the auxiliary vein making the stig- matal cell very short. There are three red swellings of the vein; one where the humeral vein meets the a xiliary 9 vein, one at the point where the auxiliary vein bends up- ward and one at the junction of the second and third vein. Third vein bare. So figuring was made of this Species because the one Specimen wa somewhat mutilated. Redescribcd from one female caught on July 23, 1949 in Ctsego county. CEKUS ChLLACHEA ALDRICH CALLACHIA GIBBA (Loew) Trypeta (CedaSpis) gibba Loew, 1873, Mon. Dipt. N. Am., part 3, p. 260. Trypeta (Oedaspis) gibba Loew. CSTEK—SACKEK, 1878, Smithsn. Kisc. Collect. 270, p. 191. CedaSpis gibba (Loew). SHOW, 1903, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bu1., vol. 2, p. 219. ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. N. Am. Dipt., p. 606. Procecidochares atra (in part) PHILLIPS, 1923, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 31, p. 137. Callachna gibba (Loew). ALDRICH, 1929, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 76, p. 11. General color brown. Front yellow, face whitish. Antennae with first two segments yellow and the third brown- ish. In the specimen before me there are three fronto- orbital bristles on the right and two on the left. Around these are found irregularly placed white, stubby hairs which are almost one-half the length of the fronto-orbitals. Where the uppermost pair of the upper fronto-orbitals are usually found there are two bristles close together on each 10 side of the front. These will be considered as doubles. Vertical bristles black. kesonotum ground color brownish black. Before the transverse suture on each side is a shin- ing round area encircled by stout yellow hairs. Another shining area behind the suture on each side. These areas are divided transversely by a line of yellow hairs at about the level of the posterior pair of dorsocentral bristles. Middle of the thorax in front of the transverse suture mostly' shining; behind the suture pollinose, covered with numerous stout yellow hairs. There are two pairs of dorsocentral bristles before the suture. Scutellum with four bristles, globose, shining brown. Anterior to the lateral pair of bristles is a cluster of stout yellow hairs on each side. Metanotum brown, densely pollinose on the upper half. Ab- domen brown, densely pollinose, covered with numerous pale hairs. Pleura yellowish brown, pollinose, covered with white hairs except for the ventro—posterior portion of the sterno- pleura which is bare. Legs yellou. Wing markings light brown. Redescribed from 1 male. Recorded in Hichigan from (two records only) Hay 14-Hay 28. County records: Ingham, Oakland. GENUS DROCECIDOCKARLS HENDEL PROCECIDOCHARES ATRA (Loew) Described as Trypeta atra by Loew (Centuries, pt. 2, Ho. 74) in 1862. A complete synonymy is given by Aldrich (3, p. 7). 11 General color black. Front yellow to brown. Ccellar triangle usually of darker color. Antennae brown— ish yellow. Two or three pairs of fronto-orbital bristles. I have one specimen with three bristles on the left and two on the right. Often bristles are situated so close that they can be considered as duplicated bristles. Cne pair of reclinate upper fronto-orbital bristles. Numerous white scale-like hairs are found next to the eye. Face whitish, cheeks darkened immediately below the eye. Occiput blacken— ed, the black becoming lighter ventrally. hesonotum black, with two shining areas on each side before the transverse suture, margined by one or two rows of pale scale-like hairs. Behind the suture are two more polished areas with pale scale-like hairs between them. One pair of presutural and two pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles. I have one specimen in which there is a doubling of the left dorso- central immediately behind the suture. Scutellum shining black, globose, with two pairs of bristles. Hetanotum polli— nose on upper half, shining black below. Abdomen black with white scale-like hairs and black hairs. In the female specimens I have on the second and third segments, the white hairs are located on the anterior half and the black on the posterior half. 0vipositor sheath black with black hairs. A patch of white hairs runs longitudinally through the meso- pleura and pterOpleura. Tibia, tarsi, and tip of femora, yellow. Wing bands dark brown. Redescribed from 3 males and 10 females. 12 Recorded in Kichigan from June 5 - September 15. County records: Wayne, Ingham, Berrien, Cass, Kent, Henominee, Van Buren, Kidland, Oakland. PROCECIDCCHARES PENELOPE (Osten-Sacken) Trypeta (Cedaspis) penelope Osten-Sacken, 1877, Western Dipt., p. 346. Oedaspis penelope (Csten-Sacken). ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. N. Am. Dipt., p. 606. Procecidochares penelope (Osten-Sacken). PHILLIPS, 1923, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Sac., vol. 31, p. 137, fig. 29. JOHNSON, 1925, List Dipt. New Eng., p. 262. WEST, 1928, List Ins. New York, p. 852. ALDRICH, 1929, Proc. U. S. Nat. Hus., vol. 76, Art. 2, p. 3. Front and antennae yellow to yellowish brown. Face whitish tinged with yellow or brown. Three pairs of fronto- orbital bristles. Other Prooecidochares have only one pair of upper fronto-orbitals but in the specimens I have of this species there are two pairs of these bristles. The distance between the upper fronto-orbitals are the usual distant apart so I am considering them as separate bristles and not doubles. There is a row of short brown hairs on the lateral borders of the oral opening. Post orbital row Of hairs pale. There is a black shining spot on the anterior side of thorax next to head. Hesonotum ground color black except for humeral callosities and notopleura, which are yellow. Hairs upon mesonotum short, stout, from white to pinkish in color, and form a definite pattern. The lateral borders are devoid of hairs. The presutural portion of mesonotum is covered with hairs. Posterior to the suture there are two longitudinal stripes of hairs on each side of center which diverge as they near the scutellum forming an inverted Y on the mesonotum. There is on each side a strip of hairs which runs from the suture, between the supraalar and the dorsocentral bristle right behind the suture, and up to the intraalar bristle. There is also a patch of hairs right before the supraalar bristle. A pair of presutural dorsocentral bristles is present. The usual pair behind the suture is in line with the supraalar bristles. Scutellum shining black, not as globose as g. 3333, with 4 long brown bristles. Metanotum black, thinly pollinose ex- cept for shining central circular area. Abdomen yellowish brown, covered with pale hairs. 0vipositor sheath concolorous with abdomen, flat, and as long as the last abdominal seg- ment. It is usually curved upwards. Fleura yellow except for the black of the ventral triangular portion of the sternopleura, a patch above the hind coxa, and a band which extends from the metanotum to above the upper posterior corner of the sternopleura. Legs yellow. Wing markings yellowish brown, darker brown on the apical margin, around the tip of the fifth vein, and in the axillary cell. Can be easily distinguished from 3. atra by its yellow leg: and abdomen. l4 Redescribed from 9 females caught in E. Lansing, Ingham Co. on August 23, 24, 25, 1949. GENUS EUIHETA LOEH EUTRETA SFARSA (Hiedemann) Described by Hiedemann (44, p. 492) in 1830. Since described by many writers. General color reddish brown. Front brownish yellow, whitish next to eye. Antennae brownish yellow. Face whit- ish, tinged with brown, with two black spots each side of center. Another black spot between base of antenna and anterior margin of eye. Often between ventral angle of eye and oral margin is a brown to blackish brown not too definite spot. Three pairs of fronto-orbitals and two pairs of upper fronto—orbitals, the uppermost pair pale and stout. Mesonotum rufous brown, covered with stout pale hairs. The lateral borders are darker brown with few stout pale hairs. Scutellum concolorous with mesonotum, with four long black bristles. Hetanotum rufous brown, the central area often blackened. Abdomen with two rows of quadrangular black spots each side of center. Sometimes these spots are fused forming transverse bands. Posterior margins of segments usually paler in color. The last seg- ment in males with more black than preceding segments. 0vipositor sheath rufous brown, blackened at tip. Pleura yellowish brown. A strip of pale stout hairs runs on the 15 upper border of the pleura from the lower half of the humerus to the base of the wing. The color of these hairs are variable from white to pinkish. There is also a short row of pale stout hairs on the propleura in front of the spiracle. Legs brownish yellow, the fore femora often with a black longitudinal band on the outside. Wings al- most entirely dark brown except for pale droplets and hyaline areas on the margin. Redescribed from numerous specimens. Recorded in Kichigan from July 14-September 6. County records: Oakland, Schoolcraft, Marquette, Hack- inac, Charlevoix, Huron, Washtenaw, Oak— land, Hidland, Alcona, Wayne, Ingham, Gogebic, Dickinson, Delta, Gladwin. EUTRETA FRCNTALIS Curran Eutreta frontalis Curran, 1932, Am. Hus. Nov. 556, p. 16. Very similar to g. sparsa. Differ mainly in the shape of the front. In E. sparsa the front is wide and margins are almost parallel except for near the antennae where they converge. In E. frontalis the front is relative- ly narrower and the margins start to converge from the vertex of the head. Also g. frontalis tends to have wings with more light spots near the base than F. sparsa. Redescribed from 5 males and 4 females. 16 Recorded in Hichigan from July 7-September 7. County records: Luce, Ogenaw, Hecosta, Cheboygan, Ingham, Alger, aginaw, Antrim, Ostego, *uron, Emmet . GEHUS TCHOFLAGIA CCQUILLET TCIOFLAGIA CELIQUA (Say) Described as Trypeta obliqua by Say (40 p. 186) in 1830. Loew (29, pp. 251, 337) designated it as Trypeta (Flagiotoma) obliqua in 1873. Thereafter it was most generally cited as Plagiotoma obliqua until Coquillett proposed Tomoplagia instead of Flagiotoma in 1910. Since then Tomoplagia obliqua has been the pOpular combination. General color yellow. Front and antennae yellow. Face and border of front next to eye whitish. Three pairs of fronto-orbitals and two pairs of upper fronto-orbital bristles. Hesonotum yellow, covered with pale hairs. There is a round brown dot on each posterior corner of the mesonotum. Scutellum yellow tinged with milky white. Metanotum yellow. Abdomen yellow, covered with pale hairs, with a row of round, brown, equidistantly placed, dots on each side near the lateral borders. Fleura yellow, except for a spot above the mid coxa, a spot above the hind coxa, and area around the base of the halteres, which are brown. Legs yellow. Wing markings faint yellowish brown. 17 Redescribed from 1 male and 1 female. Recorded in Eichigan from August 8-August 29. County records: Wayne. GENUS XANTHACIURA HENDEL X.iTHACIURA TETRASEINA (Phillips) Aciura (Eucosmoptera) tetraSpina Fhillips, 1923, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 31, p. 132, fig. 16. Eucosmoptera tetraspina (Phillips). CURRAN, 1932, Am. Hus. Nov., no. 556, p. 12. Xanthaciura tetraspina (Phillips). BENJAIIN, 1934, USDA Tech. Bul. 401, p. 46, fig. :3, A-L. Front, face, and antennae rufous brown. Two pairs of fronto-orbitals and two pairs of upper fronto-orbitals, the uppermost pair pale. Thorax grey, pollinose, covered with pale scale—like hairs and yellow bristles. Scutellum concolorous with thorax with two pairs of bristles, the apical pair small, about one-third times the length of the anterior pair. Hetanotum black. Abdomen reddish brown anteriorly, blackish posteriorly. 0vipositor sheath shin- ing black. Hing markings dark brown. In the specimen I have, there are three hyaline marginal indentations in the costal cell, one before and two after the humeral vein as in Benjamin's (5, fig. 33 G) figure of the male wing. Redescribed from 1 female caught in E. Lansing (Ingham Co.) on June 30, 1949. 18 'GLEUS TRUEAHEA GUETTARD Key to the Hichigan species of Trupanea. 1. With light reticulation over entire wing in addition to stellate subapical pattern... .......................2. abstersa (Loew) Wings with stellate subapical pattern; area basal to a line drawn from the stigma to the stigma to the apex of the sixth vein, hyaline.................................. 2 2(1). Dark ray in the discal cell basal to the posterior cross-vein reaches the margin of the wing.......T. dacetoptera Phillips Dark ray does not reach posterior margin of wing, at most up to the fifth vein....... ...................,3. actinobola (Loew) TRUEAN“ ABSTLRSA (Loew) Described as Trypeta abstersa by Loew (6, p. 221, no. 77) in 1862. Since then it has been placed in different genera as Trypeta (Urellia), Urellia, Euaresta, and Trypanea, by various authors. Benjamin in l934 (5, p. 58) placed it as Trupanea (Euarestoides) abstersa. The species Trypeta acutangula described by Thomson in 1875 and later placed in Tephritis by several authors, will be considered a synonym of abstersa. No profile figure of the head was made because in the only specimen I have seen from Kichigan the head was broken off and lost. Recorded in Kichigan (1 record only) on Kay 17. County records: Ingham. TRVEAIEA DACEZCETLLA Phillips Trypanea dacetoptera Phillips, 1923, Journ. N. Y- l, p. 148, fig. 59. to u a U) o o O 4 C) [—1 I‘d mm”..- '20 Trypanea dacetoptera 3hillips. Cunnhu, 19e2, Am. fins. Eov. no. 556, p. 6. XAIIOCH, 1942, Proc. U. S. Kat. Lus., vol. 92, no. 8135, p. 14, fig. 1, t. Trupanea (Trupanea) dacetoptera Rhillips. E’TJA- HIE, 1954, USDA Tech. Eul. 401, p. 54, fig. 38, A-G. General color dark grey. Front yellow centrally, whitish next to eye, covered with white pollen which often obscures ground color. Three pairs of fronto- orbitals, the anterior pair small, and two pairs of upper fronto-orbitals, the uppermost pair pale and stout. An- tennae yellow, face whitish. Xesonotum, except for humeri, with ground color black, pollinose. Scutellum, metanotum, and abdomen concolorous with mesonotum, pollinose. Ovi- positor sheath shining black. Pleura with ground color black, except for upper border and area around anterior spiracle which forms a yellowish band with the humerus that runs down to the fore coxa. This band can be easily seen in greasy specimens. Pollen on pleura yellowish, darker anteriorly. Legs yellow. Hing markings dark brown. Redescribed from 5 females, 3 males. Recorded in Kichigan from Kay 27-July 22. County records: Antrim, Oceana, Washtenaw, Genesee, 20 Clinton, Ingham, Van Buren, Emmet, Cheboygan, Ctsego. TRUPAIEA ACTIHCBCLA (Loew) Trypeta actinobola Loew, 1875, Hon. Dipt. N. Am., part 5, p. 526. Trzoeta (Urellia) actinobola Loew. CSTEN—SACKEN, 1878, Smithsn. Kisc. Cellect. 270, p. 194. Urellia actinobola (Loew). ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. N. Am. Dipt., p. 615. Trypanea actinobola (Loew). CURRAR, 1932, Am. Hus. Nov. no. 556, p. 6. HALLOCH, 1942, Broc. U. S. Kat. Kus., vol. 92, no. 5155, p. 16, fig. 1, x. Trupanea (Trupanea) actinobola (Loew). BENJAJIN, 1954, USDA Tech. Bul. 401, p. 56, fig. 41, A—K. Similar to 2. dacetoptera except for wing markings. In T. dacetoptera the dark brown ray immediately before the posterior cross-vein crosses the fifth vein and reaches the wing margin. In T. actinobola this ray may reach the fifth vein but does not reach the wing margin. Redescribed from 2 females. Recorded in Kichigan from June 5-September 8. County records: Oceana, Livingston, Clare, Jackson, Benzie, Kent, Ogemaw, Alger. GENUS PARCXYHA HEEDEL PAROXYEA SCRCCULA (Niedemann) This species was described by Wiedemann (44, p. 509) in 1850. It is synonymous to icinia picciola Bigot and Trypeta humilis Loew. General color greyish. Central portion of front, antennae and face, yellow; area next to eye whitish. Back of head fuscous xcept for borders next to eye, mouth, and vertex, which are yellowish. Two pairs of fronto- orbitals and two pairs of upper-fronto-orbital bristles, the uppermost Lair pale. Proboscis long and slender. Mesonotum ground color black with golden pollen. Scutel- lum with two long basal bristles and two short, convergent, apical bristles. Abdomen black, pollinose, with two longi- tudinal black bands each side of center. 0vipositor sheath shining black. Pleura concolorous with mesonotum. Legs brownish yellow except for greater basal portion of femora which is dark brown, pollinose. Wing markings light brown, darker anteriorly. Redescribed from 7 males and 4 females. Recorded in Hichigan from July 2-August 29. County records: Wayne, Allegan, Ingham, Kent, Cheboygan, Presque Isle, Kidland, Isabella, Clare, Van Buren, Benzie, St. Joseph. " I 3) DJ GEI’S TEEKR TIS LATREILLE Key to the fiich'gan Species of Tephritis. 1. Wing pattern consists of stellate subapical markings; basal one-third of wings mostly hyaline.................................. 2 Entire wing brown, with numerous hyaline Spots.................T, euryptera (Loew) 2(1). Costal cell with dark spot present; wings somewhat milky; uppermost pair of upper fronto-orbital bristles dark............. .........................T. ura (Loew) Costal cell without dark Spot, entirely hy- aline; uppermost pair of upper fronto- orbital bristles pale.................... ................T. angustipennis (Loew) TEEHRITIS ALBICEPS (Loew) Described as Trypeta albiceps by Loew (29, p. 302) in 1875. Phillips (56, p. 150) in 1925 considered this species to be the same as Tephritis euryptera which was described as Trvpeta euertera by Loew (29, p. 304) in 1873. .1 a 4 W A General color grey. Front and antennae yellow, face white. Sometimes whole head white. There is a great deal of variation in the fronto-orbital bristles. Usually there are two pairs of black long fronto-orbital bristles. In one specimen there is only one pair of short bristles, in another there are one short brown and one white short bristles on one side and a white short bristle on the other. In still another there is only one pair of long black fronto-orbital bristles. Two pairs of upper fronto-orbitals, the uppermost pair short and white. Sometimes there is a stout white bristle directly in front of the long black inner vertical bristle. Occiput blackish on the upper half except for the orbital borders. There is a black shining area on the anterior part of the thorax next to head. Mesonotum ground color black, except for humeral callosities which are yellow. whole mesonotum pollinose. Scutellum pale yellow except for bases of anterior pair of scutellar bristles wh'ch are brownish. Sometimes the bases of the lateral borders blackened. Ketanotum ground color black, pollinose except for lower part next to place of at- tachment of abdomen which is shining black. Abdomen grey pollinose with a row of brown dots running longitudinally on each side of center. Hairs upon abdomen pale. I have one male specimen with 6 long black bristles on the posterior margin of the last segment. 0vipositor sheath black on the base and extreme tip, brown on the central portion. Fleura mostly grey pollinose, except for upper border from humerus to wing base which is yellow. Legs yellow. Hing markings brown. There is a great deal of variation in the markings. Some have more hyaline areas than others. Redescribed from 5 females and 5 males. Recorded in Kichigan from June 4-August 28. County records: Emmet, hidland, Dickinson, Clare, Antrim, Kent, Cheboygan. 24 EPERITIS EURA Loew Trypeta pura Loew, 1873, Hon. Dipt. K. Am., part 3, p. 520. Trypeta (Euaresta) pura Loew. OSTEN-SACKEN, 1878, Smithsn. Misc. Collect. 270, p. 194. Euaresta pura (Loew). ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. N. Am. Dipt. p. 615. PHILLIPS, 1925, Journ. N. Y. Ent. 500., vol. 31, p. 146, fig. 56. Trupanea (Tephritoides) pura (Loew). f the fore femO’a. fling markings brown. No black callus fi.n the first posterior cell. Third vein distinctly bristled. This species can ce distinguis hed from l§1 fee tiva by the absence of the black callus, mor hyaline or pale brown droplets in the wings, and by the presence of a brown band on the front of the fore femora. Redescribed from 11 males. Recorded in Iichigan from June 11-September 6. "’ne, Xidl md, Lecosta. EU‘iZ TA BELLA (Loew) Trype bella Loew, 1862, :0 n. Dipt. H. Am., part t 1, p. es, Tab. II, fig. 23. r—3 "3 vpeta. (Eu9.11€Sta) bella Loew, 1875, 1:011. Dipt. II. Am., part 3, p. 511, Tab. X, fig. 25. CSTEK— SLCLLH, 1878, Smithsn. Lise. Collect. 270, p. 194. Euaresta bella(Lo w). ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. N. Am. Dipt., p. 612. THILLIPS,1923, Journ. H. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 31, p. 146, fig. 52. Euaresta (Euaresta) bella (Loew). BEKJALIN, 1934, USDA Tech. ‘ul. 401, p. 50, fig. 35, A—G. General color yellowish grey. Head yellowish. An- tennae and area 01 front between bristles darker yellow. Two pairs of fronto-orbitals and two pairs of upper fronto— orbital bristles. Thorax with ground color blackish, pol-' linosc with golden yellow. Scutellum concolorous with thorax. Letanotum blackish. Abdomen dark yellow anterior- y, blackish posteriorly, the dark coloration usually show- ing strongly from the second or third segments in the male and third or fourth segments in the female. I have seen two specimens with abdomen wholly blackish except for the posterior margin of each segment which is yellowish. Ovi- positor sheath black. Legs dark yellow. Larkings of wings dark brown. Uumber of hyaline spots in discal, third posterior, and axillary cells varies. First pos- terior cell may have a hyaline Spot besides the marginal indentations. I have 10 specimens with a small but de- finite hyaline spot in the first posterior cell as in g. festiva. This species can be easily separated from g. festiva and g. aeoualis by the black metanotum and black- ish ground color of the thorax. Redescribed from numerous specimens. Recorded in Hichigan from June 26—September 6. County records: Berrien, Van Buren, Jackson, Washtenaw, Wayne, Ingham, Livingston, Kent, Clinton, Lapecr, Luskegon, Lontcalm, Saginaw, Tus- cola, Oceana, Kecosta, Midland, Lake, Osceola, Clare, Wexford, Leelanau, Presque Isle, Dickinson, Lenominee. GEUUS EURCSTA LOEH Key to the Iichigan species of Eurosta. 1. Hyaline marginal indentation in second posterior cell of wings conspicous, some of which are as deep as the anterior crossvein............ 2 Hyaline marginal indentations in second pos— terior cell minute........................... 4 ()1 [.1 2(1). Black elongated spot present in th first pos- terior cell.............E. latifrcns (Loew) Black elongated spot absent................... 5 5(2). Hyaline ma ginal indentation in third pos- terior cell triang" ar in shape, large, extending into discal cell................. ......................E. solidaginis (Fitch) Hyaline marginal indentation in third pos- terior cell in form of a group of round hyaline spots............§. reticulata Snow 4(1). Triangular hyaline indentation at the anterior margin of wing just beyond the stigma with a distinct comma......E. comma (Jiedemann) F0 distinct comma present-in the tria.gular indentation..............§. elsa Daeoke EURCSCA SCLIDAGIIIS (Fitch) Described by Fitch (21, p. 66) in 1855. Since dis- cussed by many writers. General color rufous brown. Front yellowish brown, broad. Lumber of fronto-orbitals variable. ‘Often one or two of the bristles may be pale in color. Usually two pairs of upper fronto-orbitals but sometimes there are three on one side and two on the other. Doubling may occur in these bristles. Frequently the uppermost pair of the upper fronto-orbital bristles is pale. Lesonotum rufous brown, covered with pale scale-like hairs. There is a black stripe running each side of center, another stripe along side be- hind the suture, and still another above the base of the wings. Frequently a black area is present between the humerus and the midpoint of the transverse suture. Scutellum with variable number of bristles. In my specimens the number of bristles is from 2-4. Frequently doubling of bristles ()1 [\9 occurs. The apical pair of bristles found in other Diptera is usually wanting. I 'ave a few specimens with bristles close enough to the apex of the scutellum to be called apical bristles. Abdomen rufous brown, covered with pale scale-like hairs. 0vipositor sheath reddish brown with the extreme tip black. Legs yellow-brown, the femora a bit more brownish. Hing markings umber brown with light brown droplets. Redescribed from numerous specimens. Recorded in Lichigan from April 8-June 9. County records: Lenawee, Uashtenaw, Wayne, Lidland, In ham, Ottawa, Saginaw, Clare, Livingston, a ) Isabella, Shiawassee, Kent, Clinton, Sanilao, Lapeer. EURCSTA RETICULATA Snov Eurosta reticulata Show, 1894 Hans. Univ. Quart. ’ 2, p. 170. Eurosta reticulata Snow. ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. N. Am. Dipt., p. 609. PHILLIPS, 1925, Journ. H. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 21, p. 145, fig. 48. BBFJAKIN, 1934, USDA Tech. Bul. 401, p. 28, fig. 21, Ln. Benjamin (5, p. 28) is unable to differentiate be— tween g. reticulata Snow and B. conspuroata Doane. General color rufous brown. Front yellowish-brown, antennae and face, yellow. Number of fronto-orbital bristles variable. Two pairs of upper fronto-orbitals, the upper- most pair may be pale. Hesonotum rufous brown, covered with pale, stout hairs. Black markings on mesonotum similar to that of g. solidaginis. Scutellum four bristled. Xe- tanotum with large black central area, the sides rufous brown. Sometimes this black area is not distinct. A‘- domen rufous brown, with scattered dark Spots. Tibia, tarsi, and tip of femora yellow. Rest of femora mostly brownish. wing markings umber brown with light brown and hyaline droplets. This specie can be differentiated from g. solidaginis by the numerous hyaline droplets in the wing markings. Redescribed from 5 males. Recorded in Kichigan from Kay 14-June 10. County records: Oakland, kidland, Ingham, Kissaukee, Osceola, Bay. EULCSTA COLLA (Uiedemann) Trypeta comma Jiedemann, 1830, Auss. Zweif1., II, p. 478. Trypeta comma Jiedemann. LOEH, 1862, Lon. Dipt. N. Am., part 1, p. 93, Tab. II, fig. 28; Lon. Dipt. U. Am., part 3, p. 280, Tab. XI, fig. 2. Trypeta (Eurosta) comma Wiedemann. OSTEF-SACKEN, 1878, Smithsn. Kisc. Collect. 270, p. 192. Eurosta comma (Wiedemann). SUCH, 1894, Kans. Univ. Quart. II, p. 169, pl. VII, fig. 3. ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. N. Am. Dipt., U. 609. PHILLIPS, ‘- ('33 1923, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 31, p. 14 , fig. 47. EEHJAIIH, 1934, USDA Tech. Bul. 401, p. 28, fig. 20, A-r. General color rufous brown. Front yellowish brown. Face and antennae yellow. Pronto-orbital bristles variable in number. Two pairs of upper fronto-orbitals, the upper- most pair may be pale. Kesonotum as in g. solidaginis. Scutellum concolorous with thorax. In the specimens I have the number of bristles on the scutellum is two, the posterior pair wanting. Benjamin (5, p. 28) states the number may be from 2-7. Ketanotum may be darkened in the central area. Abdomen da k brown tinted with rufous. Legs concolorous with thorax, the tibia and tarsi often lighter. Wings umber brown with numerous light brown droplets. Ha gin- al indentations minute compared to E. solidaginis. A dark comma mark runs through the hyaline, triangular, marginal indentation just beyond the stigma. There are a narrow hyaline crescent on the apex and a marginal hyaline area on the apex of the sixth longitudinal vein. Redescribed from 3 males and 1 female. Recorded in Kichigan from Aug. 16-September 29. County records: Oakland, Wayne, St. Clair, Kent, Gladwin, Ingham, Nashtenaw. EUROSTA ELSA Daecke Eurosta elsa Daecke, 1910, Ent. News, vol. 21, p. 342. Eurosta elsa Daecke. BRILL PS, 1925, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 31, p. 148, fig. 46. Similar to a. comma except that the comma in the triangular marginal indentation just beyond the stigma is absent in this species. Also the 0vipositor sheath is transversely ridged in E. elsa while in g. comma it is otherwise. One specimen caught September 1, 1948 in Augusta, Kichigan, Calamazoo County. I have 2 other specimens caught in Kichigan by other students without date and locality. GEHUS JAKBSOHYIA QUISEKBLRRY JAIES IYIA GEIIHATA (Loew) Trypeta_geminata Loew, 1861, Cent., II, p. 75. Trypeta_geminata Loew, 1873, Hon. Dipt. N. Am., part 5, p. 298, Tab. XI, fig. 1. Trypeta (Tephritis) geminata Loew. OSTEN-SACKEN, 1878, Smithsn. rise. Collect. 270, p. 193. Tephritis geminata (Loew). ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. N. Am. Dipt., p. 612. Euribia geminata (Loew). PHILLIPS, 1925, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 31, p. 150, fig. 62. Jamesomyia geminata (Loew). QUISEKBERRY, 1949, Bul. Brklyn., Ent. Soc., vol. 44, p. 50. General color dark grey. Central portion of front Jr€31110w, sides whitish. Antennae dark yellow. Lower half .Ili'lz " . " - .0 ‘sl: ‘ark crown, 1 of face whitish, upper n1 verse band between the eyes. Four pairs 0: orbitals and two pairs of pale upper fronto—orbital bristles. The vertical b1 istles are somewhat darker in color. keson- otum ground color black, golden pollinose, xcept for humeri and posterior half of calli, which are yellowish. Icson- otum covered with numerous pale yellow, stout hairs. Few medially. Bristles placed 161 M black hairs found next to hameri on black spots, except for ones on humeri. Scutellum yel- LLow posteriorly nd dark brown on the extreme base, with irs of bristles, the anterior lateral pair placed on ‘two pa ishe darl: brown of the base. Ketanotum dar ’ brown, pol- J.inose. Abdomen yellow anteriorly, dark brown posteriorly. T_here are four longitudinal rows of black spots, the spots ezxpanding successively in such a manner tha from the third sse gment the spots seem to a pea r coalesced giving the dark b;rown color of the posterior. Hairs upon the abdomen numer- 011s, pale yellow, except those on spots which re black. Citripositor sheath brownish b1? ck with numerous minute golden EICLirs. A yellow band runs from the humerus to the base ()3? the wing on the upper border of the pleura. Tibia, 'tgirsi, and tip of femora, yellow. Rest of femora ”ark lizrown. Coxa and trochanter yellow, tinted with brown. .1111" mar}. :1r "3 da ark bro. In. RGBélescribed from 2 females and 1 male. Reaczorded in liichi Igan from July 9— August 9. CC>11nty records: Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Livingston, Kuskegon, kissaukee. ('11 .q IYCLEJA LIXATA (Coquillett) Aciura limata Coquillett, 1899, Journ. I. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, p. 265. aciura limata Coquillett. ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. I. Am. Dipt. p. 607. S 1923, Journ. E. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 51, o. 121, fig. 17. Eucosmoptera imata (Coquillett). CUkkAfi, 1932, Am. has. Rov. no. 556, p. 12. gyoleja limata (Coquillett). 7LIJALIN, 1924, USD~ Tech. Bul. 401, m . 21, fig. 16, A-L. General color brown. Front mostly yellowish brown, whitish next to eye. Antennae yellowish brown. Face yellowish brown, tinged with white. Three pairs of fronto- orbitals and two pairs of upper fronto—orbital bristles. Kesonotum with broad pale brown band on each side of center. Alongside, another not too distinct pale brown band, broken at the transverse suture. All these broad bands separated from each other by narrow strips of darker brown. In one specimen there are no bands, the central portion is dark brown and the lateral and posterior borders are pale brown. Scutellum pale brown with four long black bristles. Ke- tanotum shining dark brown. Abdomen shining dark brown. Fleura light brown. Legs yellowish, the femora more or less brownish. Hing markings dark brown. Redescribed from 1 male and 1 female. Only 2 specimens caught on August 1, 1954 in Lake Co. GEHUS XAETHOKYIA PHILLIPS XAHTHCKYIA ELATYFTERA Loew) Trypeta platyptera Loew, 1873, Jon. Dipt. N. Am., part 3, p. 306. 7 "na- Trypeta (Tephritis) platyptera Loew. OSTEN-SACnnr, 1878, Smithsn. Eisc. Collect. 270, p. 195. Tephritis platyptera (Loew). ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. N. Am. Dipt., p. 6l2. Xanthomyia platyptera (Loew). EHILLIIS, 1923, Journ. E. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 31, p. 140, fig. '1 8 L" C General color brownish grey. Front yellowish, cen- tral portion darker than next to eye. Antennae yellow, face whitish. There is a light brown spot between eye margin and base of antenna. Two pairs of bla k fronte— orbitals and two pairs of upper fronto-orbital bristles, the uppermost pair pale. Outer vertical bristles pale and stout. Occiput is blackened on the upper half. There is a long black bristle on the cheek on each side. Kesonotum grey, pollinose with a brown longitudinal stripe through the middle. On each side is a row of spots, the first pair which is indistinct is located before the suture, the second on the transverse suture, and the third at the base of the anterior dorsocentral bristles, these spots often streaked posteriorly. If these spots not streaked backward then posterior pair of dorsocentrals placed in brown spots. Other bristles of mesonotum are also placed in brown Spots. Between the dorsocentral and alar bristle on each side is a streak of brown. Humeri yellow. Scutel- lum blackish in center, ivory to yellow on the lateral borders and apex. The scutellar bristles are placed in black dots within the pale borders; the black dot of the posterior pair connected with the black central color. Ketanotum black, pollinose. Abdomen mostly blackish. A narrow grey longitudinal strip runs through the middle and on each side near the borders, a row of grey spots, the spots located on the anterior margin of the segments. Sometimes these spots extended to the posterior margin forming a longitudinal strip of grey on each side. First abdominal segment grey on anterior half. 0vipositor sheath shining, brownish black dorsally, yellow ventrally. Fleura mostly grey pollinose. The upper portion of the sternopleura, a patch above the hind coxa, a spot on upper portion of mesopleura, and along sutures between meso, ptero, and sternopleura, are yellowish. The propleura and the anterior border of the mesopleura are also yellowish. Legs yellow. There are two black spots on the underside of each hind and middle femora. The distal spots on the middle femora of one Specimen are not distinct. In 2 male specimens 40 there is a brown spot on each fore femora on the underside at the base. fling markings light brown. Redescribed from 4 males and 1 female. Recorded in Kichigan from Kay 25—August 18. County records: Oakland, Jackson, Washtenaw, Lay, Monroe, Mayne, Kacomb. GEEUS ICTLRICA LOEH ICTLRIA SLR ATA (Loew) Trypeta seriata Loew, 1862, Hon. Dipt. N. Am., part O 84. H *d rpeta seriata Loew, 1873, Ion. Dipt. N. Am., part 5, p. 287, Tab. X, fig. 18, STOW, 1894, Kan. Univ. Quart. II, p. 171. Trypeta (Ieterica) seriata Loew. OSTEE-SACKEE, 1878, Smithsn. kisc. Collect. 270, p. 193. Ieterica seriata (Loew). ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. H. Am. Dipt., p. 610. PHILLIPS, 1923, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vol. 31, p. 145, fig. 49. General color yellowish brown. Head, including an- tennae, light brown. Three pairs of fronto—orbitals and two pairs of upper fronto-orbital bristles. Mesonotum light brown, tinged with yellow, covered with small yel- low hairs. Seutellum concolorous with mesonotum, with four long brown bristles. Ketanotum same color as mesonotum, pollinose. Abdomen yellowish brown with dark brown patches V .2. 1.11 41 here and there. 0vipositor sheath concolorous with abdomen, except for the extreme tip which is black. Pleura and legs light brown, tinged with yellow. Wings light brown with dark brown markings. Redescribed from 3 females and l tale. Recorded in Kichigan from June 2-September 4. County records: Wayne, Oakland, Livingston, Huron, Kid- land, Tuscola, an Luren. GEIUS SThAUZIA ROBIHFAU-DESVOIDY STRAUZIA LCIGIPLEIIS (fliedemann) Described a Trypeta longipennis by Uiedemann (44, p. 483) in 1830. There is a great deal of variation in this species. Loew (29, p. 238-243) separates the species .into seven varieties. Phillips (36, pp. 125, 126) gives so key to the varieties. Since there is a great deal of intergradation between varieties, it is very difficult or 39erhaps impossible to place every specimen in one of the -variety groups. In this paper it will be treated as one Inhole specific group. General color yellow to yellowish brown. Front yel- Joow, the lateral borders raised to form a basin which may 1>e from very shallow to very deep depending on variety. [Tsually the ones with incrassated and truncated fronto- (Dzrbitals have deeper basins. Face whitish, antennae yellow. CDlnree or four pairs of fronto-orbitals. One pair upper i. d- fronto-orbitals have no up‘er fronto-orbital bristles. hesonotum, scutellum, metanotum, abdomen, pleura, and legs, yellow to yellowish brown. In some specimens the base of the lateral borders of the scutellum is black. 0vipositor sheath yellow to yellowish brown, black or brown at the tip. Wing markings yellowish brown to dark "brown, with a great deal of pattern var ations. Hing 'bands may run obliquely in some specimens to a single some- tnhat longitudinal band in others. Iledescribed from numerous specimens. IRecorded in Kichig n from April 26-July 27. (Sounty records: Jayne, Washtenaw, Kidland, Ingham, Berrien, Kent, Hillsdale, Bay, Konroe, Shiawassee. GENUS ORELLIA RCEIILAU-DESVOIDY ORELLIA RUFICAUDA (Fabricius) Described as husca ruficauda by Fabricius (20, p. 555) :in 1792. The species commonly going under the name Terellia gglorescentiae in this country, described as Kusca flores- <3entiae by Linnaeus (26, p. 601) in 1758, should probably toe referred to as Crellia ruficauda. General color yellowish grey. Front and antennae :pzale yellow to yellowish brown. Face of paler color. Elhree pairs of fronto-orbitals and two pairs of upper Zffironto-orbital bristles. Kesonotum black pollinose, ex- I P ()1 cept for the lateral borders and a triangular area extending rom the posterior border, which are pale yellow or yellow- H.) ish g cen. SLme ma; have the whole mesonotu" black pol- linose. Scutellum pale yellowish green to yellow, except for extreme bases of later? 1 margins, which are brownish. oaish F4 Ketanotum black, except for sides which ar 5 el green. Abdomen yellow'sh green to grey with fou ur longi- tudinal rows of black spots. The spots are sometixes joined transversely at the anterior msrgin of the segments. hale with additional spots on posterior margin of the last segment in line with the outer row, more frequently these spots are joined to the preceding dots. 0vipositor sheath rufous brown, black at L-ie be se and extreme tip. Pleura with a yellowish band r inin 5 fr on the humerus to the base of the wing, with a brownish band below, ventral p triangular portion of sternopleura and - spot above the pos- tie rior coca, black. Legs yellow, the femora usually tinted with brown. Redescribed from 10 fer? ales and 13 males T Recorded in iciig an from June 14— September 5. County records: Ctsego, Xidland, Ingham, Lapeer, Jayne, Wexford, Alpena, Kissaukee, washtenaw, Kason, Cheboygan, Iron, Tuscola, School- craft, Grand Traverse, Alger, Eaton. CRELLIA FALEOSA (Loew) mereta palposa Loew, 1862, hon. Dipt. H. Am. part 1, p. 74. 44 Trypeta palposa Loew, 1873, hon. Dipt. E. Am. part 3, p. 255, Tab. X, fig. 9. SHOW, 1894, Hans. Univ. Quart. II, p. 162. ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. N. Am. Dipt., p. 605. Trypeta (Trypeta) palposa Loew. CSTEH-SACKEH, 1878, Smithsn. hisc. Collect. 270, p. 190. palposa (Loew). PHILLIPS, 1923, Journ. Terellia N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 31, p. 158, fig. 52. General color yellow. Head yellow; front, between the fronto-orbital bristles and the third antennal seg- ment darker yellow. Three pairs of fronto-orbitals and of upper fronto-orbital bristles. Thorax with 3 U) ,Ellr two Ir a glossy brown or black area in the middle of its anterior side next to head. Kesonotum mostly brown, pollinose, covered with small pale hairs. The brown color forms four extensions posteriorly, the outer pair longer than the inner pair. .rea from the posterior ma gin of the mesonotum to between the extensions, yellow. Sometimes this area is triangular in shape due to-the fusion of the inner pair of extensions. A yellow streaz, on each side, runs from the posterior margin to the transverse suture going between the dorsocentrals and alar bristles. Sometimes this streak is absent, making the entire mesonotum, except the humeri, brown, pollinose. The four dorsocentral bristles are placed on black dots. Scutellum yellow, only the base of the lateral borders, black. Ketanotum brown or black, if black 45 then glossy area next to head black also. Abdomen yellow with four rows of longitudinal dots, the dots situated on the anterior edge of each segment. Kales with two black dots on the posterior margin of the last segment in line with the outer rows of dots. 0vipositor sheath long and conical. Fleura with the upper edge yellow, and a yellow- ish brown band below. Ventral triangular portion of sterno- pleura and a patch above the posterior coxa, brown or black. Posterior border of metapleura next to halteres, 'blackened. Legs yellow with brownish tint. Can be easily distinguished from O. ruficauda by its yellowish general color. Redescribed from 22 males and 7 females. Recorded in Kichigan from July 20-September a. County records: Ingham, Livingston, Kent, Kontmorency, Antrim. ”72H? EKUS HLASFILOTA OSTEH-SACksn Key to the kichigan species of Neaspilota. 1.. Wings with markings in addition to one in stigma......................N. vernoniae(Loew) Only stigma marked or wings entirely hyaline..... Stigma entirely brown or brownish black; grey of abdomen uniform.........N. albidipennis (Loew) Stigma faintly yellowish; abdomen yellOw to brown not uniformly grey..............§. alba (Loew) 2(1). NEASBILOTA ALBA Loew Trypeta alba Loew, l862, Mon. Dipt. N. Am., part l, p. 100. 46 ~? Trypeta (Aspilota) alba Loew, l878, hon. Dipt. n. Am., part 3, 285, Tab. XI, fig. ll. Trypeta (Keaspilota) alba Loew. CSTZN-SACILN, 1878, Smithsn. hisc. Collect. 270, p. 192. Neaspilota alba (Loew). ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. H. Am. Dipt., p. 610. CaESSCN, 1907, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. SE, p. 101. EHILLIPS, 1923, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. El, p. 139, fig. 35. CUR :W, l952, Am. has. Nov. no. 526, p. 3‘ LEE AKIN, 1954, USDA Tech. Bul. 401, p. 37, fig. 27, A-K. General color greyish yellow. Front and face pale yellow, antennae darker yellow. Three pairs of fronto4 orbitals and two pairs of upper f°onto-orbitsl bristles. Thorax with a shining black spot on anterior side next to head. Ground color of mesonotum mostly black, covered with pollen and small pale hairs. This black coloring forms four extensions posteriorly, the outer pair much longer than the inner pair. Sometimes the inner extensions are fused. The lateral borders and the area from posterior margin of the mesonotum to between the extensions, yellow. Scutellum yellow with four long bristles. ketanotum, ex- cept for sides, black covered with pollen. Abdomen yel- low to brown. 0vipositor sheath yellowish brown, the lateral borders more yellowish. Fleura yellow, except for triangular spot on the lower part of the sternopleura and a spot above the hind coxa, which are black covered with 47 pollen. Legs yellow. Kings entirely hyaline except for stigma which may be very faintly yellow. Redescribed from 2 females and 1 male. Recorded in Kichigan from July l-August 6. County records: Ingham, Oceana, Konroe. EEASBILOTA ALLIDIEEIIIS (Loew) Trypeta albidipennis Loew, l86l, Cent., I, p. 75. Trypeta albidipennis Loew, 1862, Ken. Dipt. E. im., part 1, p. 100. Trypeta (Aspilota) albidipennis Loew, l875, hon. Dipt. N. Am., part 5, p. 286, Tab. XI, fig. 10. Trypeta (Ieaspilota) albidipennis Loew. OSTEN— SACKEH, l878, Smithsn. Xisc. Collect. 270, p. 192. Heaspilota albidipennis (Loew). ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. N. Am. Dipt., p. 610. PHILLIPS, 1925, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. El, p. 159, fig. 56. CURRAD, 1952, Am. Mus. Nov., no. 526, p. 5. BENJAMIN, 1954, USDA Tech. Bul. 40l, p. 56. KALLOCH, 1942, Free. U. S. Nat. hus., vol. 92, no. 3133, p. 19. General color grey. Kiddle portion of front and antennae brownish yellow. Face whitish. Three pairs of fronto—orbitals and two pairs of upper fronto-orbital bristles. Thorax with a black spot on anterior side next to head. Xcsonotum, except for lateral borders and pos- 48 terior area, black covered with vhitish pollen. Scutel— lum yellow. There is a slight indication of brown on the extreme base of the lateral margins. ketanotum black covered with whitish pollen. Abdomen grey, the lateral margins and often the posterior margins of segments yel- lowish. At any rate the posterior portion of the last segment in the male is distinctly yellow. Fleura grey, pollinose, except for the upper border and a longitudinal strip through the middle, which are yellowish. Legs yel- low, the femora tinged with brown. Jings hyaline except for stigma which is distinctly brownish. Can be differentiat- ed from g. alba by the uniform grey color of the abdomen and the distinct coloring of the stigma. Redescribed from 5 males. Recorded in Iichigan from July 25-3ugust 6. County records: Kent, Livingston, Wayne, honroe. NEASFILCTA VLRNCIIAE (Loew) Trypeta vernoniae Loew, 1861, Cent., I, p. 74. Trypeta vernoniae Loew, 1862, hon. Dipt. N. Am. part 1, p. 101; 1875, Ken. Dipt. N. Am. part a, p. 286, Tab; x1, fig. 8. r‘l. r1 'v’. “a" Trypeta (Neaspilota) vernoniae Loew. ornn-SACKEN, 1878, Smithsn. Xisc. Collect. 270, p. 192. Neaspilota vernoniae (Loew). ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. 1 N. Am. Dipt., p. 610. HALLCCH, 1942, Free. U. S. Nat. Ius., vol. 92, no. 5155, p. 18. Terellia vernoniae (Loew). PHILLIPS, 1925, Journ. N. Y. “ht. Soc. vol. 51, p. 158, fig. 55. General color yellowish brown. Front and antennae yellow, face whitish. Three pairs of fronto—orbitals and pairs of upper fronto-orbital bristles. Thorax with two ‘ a brown shining spot n xt to head. Mesonotum brown, the lateral borders paler, covered with yellow short hairs. Scutellum yellow. hetanotum black with yellow lateral borders. Abdomen yellow tinted with dark brown. 0vipositor sheath brownish yellow, the tip darker brown. Fleura yel- lowish brown. Leg yellow to yellowish brown. Wing mark— ”‘1 ings light-brown. masily distinguished from N. alba and 1 o E. albidipennis by having wing markings in add tion to the stigma being colored. Redescribed from 1 male and 1 female. Recorded in Xichigan from July 25-August 6. County records: Livingston, Monroe. GENUS RHAGCLRTIS LOEN Key to the Kichigan species of .lagoletis. 1. wings with a clear hyaline band extending from the costal margin, going between the an- terior and posterior cross-vein, to the pos— terior mgorginCOOCOOOOOOOOOOCIOCOOOCOCOCOOOOO 2 Wings without such hyaline band................ 4 2(1). Body yellowish brown.......§. alternata (Fallen) 1 BOdB' blg-ClCiShOOOOOOOOOOIOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOO... 5(2). Wings with a dark spot on the tip of the third vein, this dark spot may sometime be joined lightly to the adjacent dark band........... .........................R, cingulapa (Loew) Wings without such spot; an apical hyaline crescent present on the wing margin......... .......................3; tabelleria (Fitch) 42(1). BOdy le.ClCiShOoocoo00000000000000...0.00.000 5 Body yellow, at most yellowish brown........ 0.00.00.00.0000.00.000.0000030 SUE‘vViS (LOGV‘J) 5(4). Wings with an apical hgaline crescent on mgsrginOOOO00......OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOC 6 Kings without an apical hyaline crescent on margin...........R. fausta (Csten-Sacken) 6(5). Rings with a hyaline band extending from the costal margin to between the anterior and posterior crossvein..R. tabelleria (Fitch) Wings without such hyaline band}............ ......................3. pomonella (Walsh) RHAGCLETIS ECICKELLA (Walsh) Described as Trypeta pomonella by Walsh (43, p. 858- 543) in 1867. Since discussed by many writers. General color black. Front and antennae brownish yellow. Face pale yellow. Three :airs of fronto-orbitals and two pairs of upper fronto—orbitals bristles. hesonotum dark brown with a longitudinal pollinose whitish band each side of center. Humeri ivory, porcelain—like. Scutellum with ivory porcelain-like area which covers the base of the api al pair of bristles but not the anterior pair; base brownish black. hetanotum shining blackish brown. a — domen blackish brown with the posterior margins of the first three in the male and the first four segments in the female, whitish. Pleura shining blackish brown; a band which runs from the humerus to below the notopleura, to the base of the wing, ivory porcelain-like. Legs yellowish, the femora usually more tinted with brown than the other parts of the legs. Wing ma‘kings dark brown; the antcro-apical margin with a narrow hyaline strip. 51 Redescribed from numerous specimens. Recorded in Iichigan from June 16-September 27. County records: akland, Lapecr, Ingham, Shiawassee, Bay, Charlevoix, Oceana, Lerrien, Van Buren, Konroe, Leelanau, Kalamazoo, Antrim, Lenzie, Livingston, Kecosta, Ionia, Mason, Grand Traverse. RhAGCLETIS FACSTA (Csten-Sacken) Trypeta (Acidia) fausta Osten-Sacken, 1877, Bul. U. S. Geol. and Geo. Surv. III, p. 546. Trypeta (Acidia) fausta Osten-Sacken, 1878, Smithsn. fiisc. Collect. 270, p. 189. Rfagoletis fausta (Csten-Sacken). COQUILLETT, 1899, Journ. E. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. VII, p. 260. LLDRICH, 1909, Can. Ent., vol. ELI, p. 70. HLHITT, 1911, Rep. Erp. Farms, Can., p. 230. ILLIKGH"£TH, 1912, Eul. Cornell Agr. Sta., no. 525, p. 191. CAE‘AR, 1915, Rep. Ent. Soc. Cnt., vol. XLV, p. 107, fig. 22. PHILLIPS, 192 Cr] , Journ. E. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 51, p. 155, fig. 26. CRESSCN, 1929, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 55, p. 404, pl. XVI, fig. 2. CU34AN, 1952, Am. flus. Eov., no. 526, p. 6. Acidia fausta (0sten-Sacken). ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. lg. 3.5m. Dipt., p0 6030 Rhagoletis intrudens Aldrich, 1909, Can. Lnt. vol. ELI, p. 70, pl. 4, fie. 5. 52 General color blackish. Front and antennae yellow with broanis h tint. Face pale yellow. Three pairs of fronto- orbitals and two pairs of upper fro nto- orbital bristles. Iesonotum blac CK sh brown, pollinose whitish bands running longitudinally as in R. pomonella. Humeri ivory, porcelain— like. Scutellum ivory, porcelain-like excep at for the bases of the lateral mar_ins which are blackish. ethnotuw shin- ing black. Abdomen brownish black. fosterior margins of segments not whitish. Upper border of pleura with same porcelain-like band as in R. por onella. Trochanter, apex of femora, tibia, and tarsi yellow; coxa and most of femora dark brown tinted with yellow. ding markings dark crown; no hyaline ante°o- api al strip as in R. pomonella. This species can Le easily sepa ated from R. pomonella by the wing pattern, the extent of ivory on the scutellum, and by the lack of white on the posterior margins of the abdominal seg ments. Redescribed from numerous spe imens. Recorded in Kichigan from June 15-August 5. County records: Lent, Leelanau, Allegan, Benzie, Oceana, Antrim. RHAGCLLTIS CL ‘LLATA (Loew) Described as Trypeta cingulcl 'ta by Loew (27, p. 76) in 1862. Since described by many writers. General color blackish. Read yellow to brownish yellow. Three pairs of fronto-orbitals and two pairs of upper fronto-orbital bristles. mesonotum dark brown, pollinose except for posterior portion and three narrow stripes running longitudinally, one through center and on each side. Humeri ivory, porcelain-like. Scutellum as in R. fausta. Letanotum concolorous with thorax. Abdomen dark brown with whitish margins as in R. pononella. Legs yellow, fenora often tinted with brown. Hing bands 3 ark brown. This -oecies can be differentiated from the -L C others in this genus by a infuscated spot at the apex of the third vein; from R. pomonella and R. fausta by a hy- aline strip which runs from just beyond the stigma through the discal cell to the posterior margin. Redescribed from numerous specimens. Recorded in Iichigan from June 14 County records: Rent, Leelanau, Emmet, Allegan, Benzie, Oceana, Van buren, Lerrien, Charlevoix, Lapeer, Antrim, Grand Traverse, Hanistee, mason, Saginaw, Iron, Sanilac. iflaGCLETIS SULVIS (Loew) Trypeta suavis Loew, 1862, Hon. Dipt. N. Am., part 1, p. 175, Tab. II, fig. 10. Trypeta (Acidia) suavis Loew, 1875, Ken. Dipt. N. Am., part 5, p. 255, Tab. X, fig. 10. CSTEN— SACKER, 1878, Smithsn. Lise. Collect. 270, p. 189. Rhagoletis suavis (Loew). COQUILLETT, 1899, Journ. R. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, p. 260. BABE, 1902, 54 Ent. Rews, vol. 12, p. 242, pl. 1. ALDRICH, 1909, Can. Lnt., vol. ILI, p. 69. III IIIS, 1923, Journ. H. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 21, p. 156, fig. 24. CRESSOL, 1929, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 55, p. 411, pl. 16, fig. 8. CURLAH, 1952, Am. Xus. fiov. no. 526, o. 6. ‘- Acidia suavis (Loew). ALDRICH, 1905, Cat. N. Am. Dipt., p. 605. In Curra '3 key (15, p. 6) "suavis" is spelled "s uvis" which is probably a typographical error. 'V General color yellowish brown. Front and antennae ! yellowish brown, face pale yellow. Three paiis o H, fronto- orbitals and two pairs of upper fronto-orbital bristles. Lesonotum yellowish brown covered wi +h merous pale short hairs, humeri iv01y Scutellum ivory, ti nted with brown, the basal angles more brownish. Sometimes the scutellum is concolo: ous with the mesonotum. There are usually four bristles on the scutell mm but I have one specimen with six definite bristles, the extra pair found on the extreme apex. Ketanotum shining yellowisi br own. Abdomen yellov- ish brown, the posterior margins of segments 1-5 in the males and 1-4 in the ferales, pale. Abdomen covered with numerous dark browzi hairs and few pale hairs. The upper border of pleura with ivory-like band as in R. pomonella. Legs yellowish brown. Hing mornln.s lir:r t brown. Can be easily distinguished from 3. pomonella, R. eingulata, U1 0'! R. fausta, and R. tabellaria by the yellowish brown general color; from R. alternata by the wing pattern. Redescribed from numerous specimens. Recorded in Lichigan from June l-September 26. County records: Ingham, Livingston, Ionia. \ RIAGCLETIS TABELVIRIA (Fitch) Described as Trypeta tabellaria by Fitch (21, p. 66) I) in 1856. Cresson (10, p. 406) says that this species is 1 synonymous to a. rieicola of Deane (17, p. 69) and Aldrich (2, o. 69) and to 3._iuniperinus of Karcovitch (31, p. 171) -L and Phillips (36, p. 155). General color black. Antennae and central portion of front yellow to yellowish brown. Face and part of front next to eye whitish. Three pairs of fronto-orbitals and two pairs of upper fronto-orbital bristles. Occiput bla k with whitish borders. Kesonotum black, except for humeri. Two pollinose strips run longitudinally on each side of center. Scutellum ivory-like on the central por- tion and apex, lateral borders and base black. Apical pair of scutellar bristles is located on the ivory color and the anterior pair on the black. fietanotum shining black. Abdomen mostly black, vhitish on the posterior margin of segments. 0vipositor sheath shining black. Ileura brownish black with ivory-like upper border as in R. pomonella. Legs yellow, except for femora which is dark 56 1 brown. In one specimen I have seen there is a distinct band connecting the second and third bands on the pos- terior margin of the wing. This species can be dis— tinguished from the other species of Kichigan Rhagoletis markings. Redescribed from 2 males and 1 female. Recorded in Iichigan from June 28—July 9. County records: Kackinac, Cheboygan, Clare, Kanistee, Schoolcraft, Grand Traverse. DISCUSSIOLT (31 q DISCUSSICE Inasmuch as there are slight differences within species it will be preper to discuss some variations from descriptions written by other authors, as seen by the writer, of hichigan specimens. ifferences in color and patterns were noticeable in Kichigan specimens. Where other authors have said "yel- low" Iichigan specimens may be from "yellow to brown". This gradation of color may be due to the length of time the specimens were in the killing bottle or to the degree of greasiness. Yet it might be due to a natural physiologic- al process or other unknown factors. As some descriptions were written from old specimens, fading may give a color deviation in the description. Ihillips (56, p. 122), in her description of Xanthaciura tetraspina, says that the "front, face, and antennae are yellow". In my specimen of this species they are rufous brown. Dark pa terns on the mesonotum are variable in Orellia pal osa and Ieaspilota alba. There are usually four dark extensions or lobes streaking posteriorly in the above two Species. In some the two inner lobes are absent and in a few the entire mesonotum is dark with no specific pattern. Often where there were pollinose bands on the mesonotum, greasiness destroyed them. In the Kichigan species of genus Eurosta the meta- notum showed a variation from a distinct black central 58 area to a unicolorous rufous brown metanotum. In species where there are rows of spots on the abdomen the usual variations are the differences in size of the spots and he fusion of the sp oots either longit'dinally or transversely. wing markings show a great deal of var'ation, especially where the pa tern consists of reticulation or dark color with numerous hyaline spots. ding patterns which are in forms of bands or stellation are usually con- sister t. One noticea.b1e exception in a band pattern, is a specimen of Rhagoletis tabelleria where there is a dis- a. tinct band. connection between the second and third cross b ad on the posterior margin of the win; 3. In Euaresta {J D) b 1 there is some variation as to the amount of hyaline (D {D 1 Spots in various cells, but in the first posterior cell the usual pa t rn is no hya line s>ot aside from those on the wing margin. I have several Specimens where there is a small but distinct spot above the posterior crossvein. Bristle variations both in number and color are also noticeable. In genus Eur sta the frontal bristles show a great deal of differences as described in this paper. On the scutellum of Eu1osta selidaginis the usual number of bristles is two but in my specimens it varies from two to four, this includes dupl cates. The usual apical pair of scutellar bristles found in other Diptera is usually ab- sent in Eurosta solidag inis but in a few specimens I have, there are bristles on the apex. 59 In Irocecidochares penelope there are two pairs of upper fronto-orbital bristles which is different from the single pair of the other species of Irocecidochares. I have one interesting specimen of Rhagoletis suavis which has 6 scutellar bristles instead of the usual four, the extra pair found on the extreme apex. here will no doubt be other variations if more material is gathered. It is the writer's hope that this paper will show a better concept of the species described. LI TERATURE C I TED 01 o 9. Aldrich 19 T ’0' 05. I909. Benjamin, F. 1954. Coquill 18 ett, 94. 1899. I910. Cresson , E- 1914. 60 LITERATURE ITED a A... A Catalogue of North American Diptera (or two winged flies). Smithsonian miscellaneous Collections, 46. The Fruit-Infesting Forms of The Dip- terous Genus Rhagoletis With One Hew Species. Canadian Entomologist, 41:69-75. 1 Revision of The Two-Hinged Flies of The Genus Irocecidochares In Horth America, With An Allied—Yew Genus. US National fiuseum Iroceedings, 76, no. 2799. Eote On Rhagoletis suavis (Lw.) With A Description of Larvae and Iuparium. Entomological Eews, 15:242. T‘l' fl. Descriptions of Some Eative Trypetid Flies With Hotes On Their Habits. USDA Technical Bulletin, no. 401. D 0 If; 0 ' Hew North American Trypetidae. Canadian Entomologist, 26:71—75. Notes and Descriptions of Trypetidae. Journal of the few York Entomological Society, 7:259-268. The Type-Species of The North American Genera of Diptera. US Eational Xuseum Proceedings, 37:499-647. r“. 1. Jr. Some Romenclatorial Notes On The Dipterous Family Trypetidae. Entomological News, 25:275-279. 1 Revision of The North American Species of Fruit Flies of The Genus Rhagoletis (Diptera: Trypetidae). American Entomo- logical Society Transactions, 55:401-414. ll. 12. '4 ta 0 14. l5. 16. 17. 18. 19. Curran, C. 19 4 F0 1924. Daecke, E. 1910. Deane, R. 1898. 15990 ‘ I900. Fabricius, 1794. Fitch, A. 1855. 61 'V Rhagoletis pomonella and Two Allied Species. Entomological Society of Ontario, Annual Rhagoletis symphoricarpi, A New Trypaneid From British Celumbia (Dipt.). Canadian Entomologist 56:62~65. New North American Diptera With Notes On Others. America Euseum Lovitates, no. 526, 13 pp. New Species of Trypaneidae, with Key to The N. American Genera. American Iuseum Lovitates, no. 556, 19 pp. The Families and Genera of North America Diptera. The Lallou Press, E. Y., H. Y. Trypetid Calls and Eurosta elsa n. sp. Entomological News, 21:241-243. A New Trypetid of Economic Importance. Entomological Hews, 9:69-72. Notes On Trypetidae Hith Descriptions Cf how Species. Journal of The Eew York Entomological Society, 7:177—195. Additional Notes On Trypetidae. Journal of The New York Entomological Society, 8:47-48. J. C. Entomologia Systematica Endendata et Aucta, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species. IV. Insects Infesting Fruit Trees. I. The Apple. Trans. Lew York State Agricultural Society, 14:(709)—808. Also in--1856. First and Second Reports, Noxious, Leneficial, and Other Insects of The State of Hew York, p. (5)-lO4. I‘D C Q 28. 29. Illingworth, 1912. '_'_—7I912. Johnson, C. 1900. I909. 62 J. F. A Study of The LiOIOgy of The Apple haggot (Rhagoletis pomonella), Together Jith An Investigation of Lethods of Control. Nev York (Cornell) Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, 524, p. 125-187. Cherry Fruit Flies and how To Control Them. New York (Cornell) Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, 525, p. 191-204. If 0 ' , Some Notes and Descriptions of Seven New Species and One New Genus of Diptera. Entomological News, 11:525—328. Notes On The Description of Some Trypetidae With Description of A Yew Species. Psyche, 16:118-114. Linnaei, Caroli 1758. I40 8'” , II. 1862. I962. I873. Kalloch, J. 1942. Harcovitch, 1915. Systema Raturae Regnum Animals, Ed. X. Konographs of The Diptera Of North America (Part 1). Smithsonian Iiscellaneous Collections, 221 pp. Diptera Americae Septentrionalis Indigena. Centuria Secunda. Lerliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 6:185-252. Konographs of The Diptera of North America (Iart S). ‘mithsonian hiscellaneous Col- lections, no. 256, 351 pp. R. Notes On Two Genera of American Flies of The Family Trypetidae. Proceedings US I'- National Huseum, vol. 92, no. 513a, p. 1-20. S. The Biology of The Juniper Berry Insects With Description of Rew Species. Annals of the Entomological Society of-America, 8:171. IV) C Q C )1 DJ :4 o 41. 42. 03 CR flarlatt, C. L. 1891. The Xanthium Trypeta. Trypeta aequalis Lw. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Hashington, 2:40-44. I891. The Kanthium Trypeta. Insect Life, m.s 0-?1? 0.1.1, w c.- u. Osten—Sacken, C. R. 1877. Western Diptera. Bulletin of the US Geological Survey of The Territories, 5:544-348. I878. Catalogue of The Described Diptera of North America (Second Edition). Smith- sonian Kiscellaneous Collections, 270, 276 pp. Phillips, V. T. 1925. Revision of The Trypetidae of Northeastern America. Journal of the New York Entomo- logical Society, 31:119-155. Flank, H. K. 1925. Rhagoletis tabellaria Fitch. Journal of Economic EntomoIegy, 14:99. Quisenberry, B. F. 1949. A Rew Genus of Tephritidae Near Kanthomyia. (Diptera). Bulletin of The Brooklyn En- tomological Society, 44:49-52. Sabrosky, C. W. 1946. Family Names In The Order Diptera. Fro- ceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 48:165—171. Say, T. 1829-50. Descriptions of North American Dip- terous Insects. Journal of the Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia, 6:149-178, 185-188. snOVl, IN. A. 1894. Descriptions of North American Trypetidae Hith Notes. Kansas University Quarterly, 2:(159)-174. Thompson, E. T. 1907. Three Galls Kade Ly Cyclorrhaphous Flies. Psyche, 14:71-74. 64 43. Walsh, B. D. 867. The ipple-worm and The Apple-maggot. Carpocapsa pomonella (Linnaeus); Trypeta pomonella'Tfiew Species). fimericanfiJOurnal of Horticulture, 2:338-343. VI" 44. fiiedemann, C. R. a. 1830. Aussereuropaische Zweiflugelige Insekten. vol. 2, 684 pp. 7. 8. 9. 10. ll. 12. ’7 Li. H F’ a) O to \f o to t—J O l‘ T F. :1 P3 0 o D? to ,4; I‘D (.31 0 KEY 10 THE ELATES Euaresta aegualis (Loew) 11, - .1. .0 .L' ~.- .. nuaresua lestiva (locw) Euar=sta bella (Loew) Ieterica suriata (Loew) Eutreta suhrsa (Jiedcmann) Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch) ‘I \ ‘l J“. g ,- -1 n1 huiosta ieticul_ta Show lecsyilota albidipennis (Loew) Heaspilota vcrnoniae (Loew) Ieaspilota alba (loew) TOiOglnCia obligua (Say) Xanthonyia platyptcra (loew) Rhagoletis pomonella (Jalsh) oletis cingulbta (Loew) Rhagoletis suavis (loew) Rhagoletis fausta (Csten-Sacken) Rharoletis tabellaria (Fitch) V Trupanea décetoptera rhilips Truotnea actinobolfi (309W) Trupanea abstersa (loew) Jamesomyia gexinata (Loew) {yoleja limata (Coquillett) r—3 ephritis pura (Loew) Tephritis angustipennis (Loew) Tephritis alticeps (Loew) Xanthaciura tetrasgina (lhillips) larox"re soroculfl (piedemann) U .5-.-- Erocecidochcres penelODe (Csten—Stcken) .4. Trocec'dchares atra (Loew) Callachna {iiba (Loew) Crellia ruficauda Fatricius) \ n, a _ ‘ _ ~‘ _V ' Lrell a palposa (room) PLII 20 2| 22 23 24 1111111111m ' 31293 01745 524