PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATIONS AMONG MISSISSIPPIAN BRYOZOANS BY Ryan FitzGerald Morgan A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Geological Sciences 2010 i ABSTRACT PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATIONS AMONG MISSISSIPPIAN BRYOZOANS BY Ryan FitzGerald Morgan Area cladograms produced by parsimony analysis of endemicity coupled with seriation, paired group cluster, principal coordinates, and detrended correspondence analyses demonstrate endemic associations of Mississippian-age bryozoans. These methods identified three major biogeographic associations (North America I, North America II, and Old World Realms), and nine minor associations (Waverly, Keokuk, Warsaw, Burlington, St. Louis, Chester, Tethys I, Tethys II, Russia, Kazakhstan-Siberia Provinces). These associations, along with latitudinal diversity gradients, provide support for an early closure of the tropical seaway (Rheic Ocean) that existed between Laurussia and Gondwana, along with support for faunal shifts due to the onset of Gondwanan glaciation and the restriction of North American faunas from the more eastern Tethyan faunas. ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my mother, Christena Morgan, in recognition of her encouragement, support, and gift of an inquisitive mind. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to first acknowledge Dr Robert L Anstey, both for all the help and guidance he has supplied over the course of my education and this thesis, and also for providing the push to engage in this field of study. I would also like to acknowledge my wife, Christina L Gurski, who has spent many long hours listening to me ramble about all sorts of ideas, and for providing much needed distraction from this thesis; if not for her it would have been completed ages ago. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 HYPOTHESES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Latitudinal Differences Have No Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Regional Lithotypic Differences Have No Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Global Climate Changes during the Late Mississippian Gondwanan Ice Age Have No Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Data Filtering and Methodology for Latitudinal Diversity Gradients . . . . . 14 Uncertainty and Data Reduction for Multivariate Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Analytical Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Seriation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Paired Group Cluster Analysis (PGCA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Principal Coordinates Analysis(PCO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 ANALYTICAL RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Latitudinal Diversity Gradients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Seriation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Paired Group Cluster Analysis (PGCA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Latitudinal Diversity Gradients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Patterns of Endemism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Names and Provincial/Realm determinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Vicariance and Geodispersal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Mississippian Extinction Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Faunal Gradients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 v Onset of Late Mississippian Glaciation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Refutation of Ross and Ross (1985) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Glaciation and Extinction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 APPENDIX A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 APPENDIX B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 APPENDIX C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Generic diversity by stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Table 2. Seriation patterns of endemism among genera within provinces. Provincial/realm abbreviations use the first three letters of each. EBC % calculated for genera and provinces respectively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Table 3. Endemic genera lost from North America in the Visean/Serpukhovian transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Table 4. Appendix A. Database of bryozoan occurrence records. . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Table 5. Appendix B. Table of references for occurrences database (see Appendix A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Table 6. Appendix C. Presence/absence data matrix used for PAE, PGCA, DCA, and PCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Generic diversity through the Mississippian subperiod. Axis 2 represents number of genera present within each zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Figure 2. Majority consensus area cladogram, based on 15 trees of equal length (172 steps) using a random addition sequence, steepest descent option, and ACCTRAN optimization. CI= 0.2907, HI= 0.7093, RI= 0.5864. “Theoretical Outgroup” indicates a hypothetical area in which all taxa were absent. . . . . . . . 27 Figure 3. Area cluster diagram defined using the Jaccard (1901) similarity index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Figure 4. Area cluster diagram defined using the Kulczynski (1927) similarity index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Figure 5. Reconstructed geographic distributions of Early Mississippian (Tournaisian/Visean) bryozoan realms in Gondwana, North America, Baltica, Siberia, and the Tethyan region, based on maps by Blakey (2010). Some OBUs slightly offset for ease of visibility.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Figure 6. Reconstructed geographic distributions of Late Mississippian (Serpukhovian) bryozoan realms in Gondwana, North America, Baltica, and Siberia, based on maps by Blakey (2010). Some OBUs slightly offset for ease of visibility.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Figure 7. DCA axes 1 versus 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Figure 8. PCO axes 1 versus 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 viii INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to discover and test endemic associations of Mississippian bryozoans in geographic space, and to track the changes among these associations through time. Biogeographic studies have been used to provide evidence for geographic differentials in mass extinctions, temporal trends in species, genus, and family endemism, geodispersal, and vicariance, along with support for phylogenetic divergence (e.g. Tuckey (1990), Anstey et al (2003), Gorjunova (2004), Powers and Bottjer (2007), McCoy and Anstey (2010), Tolokonnikova and Ernst (2010)). In this study, fossil bryozoan occurrence records are used to provide evidences of endemic assemblages, gradient occurrences, and faunal shifts. As supported by the database compiled for this study, it is clear that the Phylum Bryozoa is ideally suited for this type of study because it is geographically pandemic and diverse at the genus level (e.g. McKinney, 1994). This study focuses on fossil bryozoans, which are the remains of sessile marine invertebrates with a hard secreted calcareous skeleton (Bassler 1953, Boardman et al 1983). This secreted skeleton and its internal morphology are what are typically used in paleontological analyses to diagnose bryozoans to the species level, and the skeleton’s durability likely contributed to certain families and genera (e.g. Fenestella) dominating some limestone assemblages. Despite the widespread distribution and abundance of records of fossil Bryozoa, no biogeographic research has been done specifically on the Mississippian bryozoan fauna since Bambach (1990), although major trends during the entire Carboniferous were touched upon by Gorjunova et al (2004). 1 Research is needed in order to bridge a gap in the biogeographic history of Bryozoa, and to test hypotheses put forward by Ross and Ross (1985. To correct this deficiency in biogeographic analysis, a database detailing bryozoan occurrences worldwide has been constructed. Numerical data extracted from this database were reduced using filtering techniques and were used to supply data for univariate (i.e., seriation and latitudinal gradient) and multivariate (i.e., parsimony analysis of endemicity, paired group cluster, principal coordinates, and detrended correspondence) analyses. Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) and Paired Group Cluster Analysis (PGCA) analyze the binomial matrix were used to provide support for recognition of large scale biogeographic assemblages (realms and provinces). Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCO) are both ordination methods which provide evidence of multivariate gradients in faunal distributions. Such ordinates can easily be interpreted as independent axes reflecting differences in geologic time, or macroecological differences in these fossil assemblages, such continental separation, water depth, or other major physical gradients present in the epeiric seas of the Mississippian. As would be expected in most macro-scale studies reliant upon published research, a biogeographic study of this magnitude utilizes 148 years of collected reports of occurrences and accurate data in order to draw any scientific conclusions. Studies using similar data compilations include: Tuckey (1990), Anstey et al (2003), McCoy and Anstey (2010). The current study assumes that compiled reports are accurate geographic records, without taxonomic error, and conform to the taxonomic standard at the time of each publication so that obsolete, archaic, and synonymized names can be 2 converted to their modern counterparts. Some species have received generic reassignments by subsequent authors. This study accepts the decisions of the most recent published revisors. The conclusions of this study apply strictly to Bryozoa, although patterns discovered may be correlated with those of other phyla. Some, but not all, of the previous researchers of Mississippian Bryozoa (Ross: 1981a, 1981b, 1982, 1984; Ross and Ross, 1981, 1985) depict the Mississippian as having a regionally homogenous and globally cosmopolitan distribution of bryozoan genera. Their view provides an overly generalized depiction of Mississippian bryozoan generic distributions, and little data or analysis was put forward to explain where these conclusions came from. Within those papers (cited above) Ross and Ross speak of compiling a large database of bryozoan occurrences, but provided no analytical details of how they arrived at their conclusions. Although parsimony and other methods were common and available at the time of publication, the methods instead are neither explained nor commented on within the Ross articles. Bryozoan researchers of other Paleozoic periods (e.g. Tuckey (1990), Anstey et al (2003), McCoy and Anstey (2010)) have depicted bryozoan distributions as reflecting highly differentiated provinces and realms. These articles’ results, which utilize multivariate methods (e.g., PAE and DCA), are in stark contrast to those of Ross and Ross, and indicate that their cosmopolitan hypotheses subject to testing. Ross and Ross’ conclusions are correct if one examines only the pandemic genera. Such genera are usually abundant within Mississippian paleocommunities, and emphasizing their ecological role leads to Ross and Ross’ conclusions. The study by Gorjunova et al (2004) identified fenestellids in particular as eurytropic and pandemic. Their study also identified the Early Carboniferous as a time 3 of radiation and production of endemic taxa in the amplexoporines, hexagonellines, and rhabdomesines. This study will completely ingnore extremely pandemic genera, especially fenestellids, and emphasize only the genera displaying endemism. No global database has ever been developed for these fossil organisms in this subperiod, despite publications revealing considerable abundance and diversity of Mississippian Bryozoa globally (e.g. McKinney [United States], Owen [Britain and Scotland], Bancroft [Ireland], Sakagami [Japan], and others). Published studies of bryozoans of similar scale and scope, dealing with older periods, are surprisingly limited, but include works by: Anstey (1986), Anstey et al (2003), Tuckey (1990 a, b), Tuckey and Anstey (1992), Horowitz et al (1996), Jimenez-Sanchez and Villas (2009), McCoy and Anstey (2010), among others. An unpublished master’s thesis by Holmquist (2008) represents the only known unpublished study of similar size and scope. Other studies have suggested that specific bryozoan genera are known to prefer different substrate and paleoenvironmental conditions during the Mississippian, such as the genus Archimedes and other fenestrate bryozoan genera (McKinney, 1979a, 1979b, 1980; McKinney and Gault, 1980) but are contradicted by Gorjunova et al (2004). These preferences, if supported, alone would suggest there should be some regional associations among bryozoan genera preferring specific habitats, excluding fenestellines. In related sessile marine filter feeding faunas, Lane and Sevastopulo (1990) noted that, among crinoid genera, over 52.7% are endemic to North America and 20.3% to Europe during the Mississippian. Five coral regions are recognizable in North America alone from the Mississippian (Sando et al., 1975), although Hill (1973) only recognizes three during the same time interval. Bambach (1990) compiled data from 4 several invertebrate groups (Brachiopoda, Crinoidea, Rugosa, Tabulata, Bivalvia, and Ammonoidea) and recognized “11 or 12 well established provinces from the Early Carboniferous” (Bambach, 1990 (pp 321)). Bambach (1990) also states: “The discovery of a near constant number of provincial units through the Late Paleozoic also differs from the recently expressed view of early cosmopolitanism and increasing provinciality through this interval” (Bambach, 1990 (pp 322)). As expressed by Bambach (1990), the distribution of other invertebrates differs greatly from the cosmopolitan distributions of genera suggested for the bryozoans, and provide further support for endemic associations of bryozoans, both in North America and potentially elsewhere. As stated above, the purpose of this study is to discover and test endemic associations of Mississippian bryozoans in geographic space, and to track the changes among these associations through time. This study covers global distributions of Bryozoa through a span of 41.1 million years, from the Tournaisian through the Serpukhovian Stages. Covering such a large duration of time allows comparison of endemic associations through time and space, as well as providing context for interpretation of these associations. These patterns in time and space are linked associations of genera confined to specific but fairly large geographic regions. For example, Boucot (1975) named the Eastern Americas Realm to encompass the same linked associations of brachiopods in both eastern North America and part of South America. Biogeographic reorganization is a phenomenon that results from the dissolution of the linkages holding such associations together. Phenomena like this are commonly caused by extinction events, in which large-scale ecological reorganization characterizes the post extinction recovery episode (e.g. Anstey et al, 2003). New 5 biogeographic associations come into being by colonization of vacant habitats by dispersing taxa, and development of new biome macroecology through the stabilization of biotic communities over the entire region of the province or region. If biogeographic reorganization events exist, reorganized endemism patterns can be distinguished, and the endemic faunas making up the reorganized provinces and realms can be identified. 6 TERMS Due to the plethora of biogeographic terms in use and their meanings, the terms used in this paper will follow a predominance of those used by Anstey et al (2003): 1. Area (Lincoln et al. 1982). The overall geographical distribution of a taxon. Local areas are a defined subset of the total area. In this study, “local area” is approximately the size of a county in the United States, and references to taxa occurring within a single formation. “Total area” refers to the global geographic extent of the Phylum Bryozoa in the Mississippian. 2. Province. A large geographic area biotically distinct and separated by physical or climactic barriers from adjacent provinces. Endemic taxa contribute 25-50% of the provincial biota. Synonym of region (Hallam, 1994). 3. Realm. A large portion of the Earth consisting of several related provinces (Anstey et al, 2003). 4. Vicariance. The presence of sister taxa in adjacent areas separated by a barrier. One or more barriers develop and fragment a once-continuous distribution of an ancestral taxon into divided but contiguous distributions of its descendant taxa (Croizat, 1982; Cox and Moore, 2000). Sister areas in area cladograms are normally interpreted as derivations of a fragmented ancestral area. Major nodes in area cladograms represent the development of large-scale barriers that fragmented ancestral distributions. 5. Geodispersal (Lieberman and Eldredge, 1996). Pattern of congruent range expansion caused by removal of a major barrier, and replicated across several clades. 7 6. Lesser Pangaea (Ross, 1990). The combination of Gondwana and Laurussia, indicating the closure of the Rheic Ocean. This supercontinent does not include the landmasses of Siberia, Kazakhstan, and the China blocks. 7. Laurussia. Composite continent of Laurentia and Baltica. During the Early Silurian, Laurentia and Baltica collided via the Caledonian Greenland-Scandian orogeny, creating the supercontinent Laurussia. This continent persisted through the Late Carboniferous/Early Permian, when the suturing of the southern margin of Laurussia to Gondwana, and requisite closure of the Rheic Ocean, was complete (Selley et al, 2004). In paleontology, the closure of the Rheic Ocean seaway is largely viewed as the point when Laurussia ceases to exist, but in other disciplines, specific tectonic events, like the parallelization of the movements of Gondwana and Laurussia, may mark the preferred convention in changing the name of the paleocontinent. In this thesis, Laurussia will be used to in the paleontological sense, and is understood to have continued from the Silurian through the Carboniferous (Kuznetskov, 2008; Nance et al, 2010; Zeigler, 1989). 8. EBC. Estimated biogeographic completeness. Anstey et al (2003, pg. 309) estimated the ratio of generic absence to total occurrences within 12 Ordovician and Silurian biomes by tabulating the number of expected occurrences in a seriation table constructed using data from an external database, then interpreting gaps in the seriation table as absent, but implied, occurrences. The percentage of this difference in total expected genera and those observed provided an estimated biogeographic completeness of genera for each biome. 8 9. PAE. Parsimony analysis of endemicity (Rosen and Smith, 1988). Anstey et al (2003, pg 309) used cladistic techniques combined with occurrence data to generate cladograms representative of geographical relationships through time and geographic space. This analysis relies on shared endemic taxa between local areas, and groups these areas based on the assumption that those areas with shared endemics have a closer relationship either currently or in the past than those areas without shared endemics. 10. OBU. Operational biogeographic unit. Tuckey (1990) used the concept of the “operational taxonomic unit” and applied this to biogeographic distributions of Ordovician bryozoans, using local areas as taxa and genera presence or absence as taxonomic indicators. This data could then have multivariate analyses and cladistic techniques applied to search for patterns and relationships within geographic distributions of taxa. 11. PGCA. Paired group cluster analysis. Hammer and Harper (2006, pg 212-215) uses PGCA as a measure of similarity between local areas based upon their taxonomic presence/absence data. The Jaccard and Dice indices are given special mention in regard as being more commonly used, more sensitive to sample size, and the differences in the way the samples are weighted. 12. PCO. Principal Coordinates analysis (Torgerson, 1958). Hammer and Harper (2006, pg 224-226) use PCO as an indirect ordination method; requiring no a priori knowledge of environmental or geographic positions of data. Results of PCO are interpreted according to the gradient produced, and rely upon the researcher’s experience and thorough understanding of the effects different 9 geographical and environmental barriers may have had upon the taxa being studied. 13. DCA. Detrended Correspondence analysis (Hill and Gauch, 1980). Tuckey (1988) and Anstey et al (2003) use DCA in concert with paleogeographic data from the Ordovician to interpret the barriers present driving bryozoan biogeography. These interpretations of bryozoan biogeography are dependent upon the presence/absence data. 14. PAST. PAST (PAleontological STatistics; Hammer et al, 2001) is a computer platform designed for paleontological studies, but used in a variety of disciplines. It performs basic statistical analyses, and is a freely available software package. Case studies explanations of many of the techniques and analyses can be found at: http://folk.uio.no/ohammer/past (Hammer et al, 2001). 15. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP*) is a common program in the biological sciences used for phylogenic inference of evolutionary trees. Extensive documentation and examples of its uses are readily available online and in print (“Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony [*and other methods]” (Swofford, 2000). 10 HYPOTHESES I. Latitudinal differences presumably have no effect on the generic diversity of Mississippian bryozoans. Ross and Ross (1985) had concluded in their research that latitudinal differences had little effect on the cosmopolitan distributions of genera during the Mississippian; however, others (Crame, 2001; Raymond et al, 1989, figure 4) have shown that brachiopods had strongly defined latitudinal diversity gradients, both at the specific and generic levels, during the Mississippian. The findings of Crame (2001) and Raymond et al’s (1989) brachiopod research are significant, because brachiopods are also sessile marine filter feeding invertebrates and should be subject to the broadly similar overall habitat conditions as Bryozoa. Bambach (1990) noted a similar relationship as did Crame using eight different major phyla, that in the Early Carboniferous (i.e., the Mississippian), the highest diversity of genera occurs ten degrees south of the equator. This study is inclined in the direction of Crame (2001), Raymond et al (1989), and Bambach (1990), and will extend their understanding of latitudinal relationships in other invertebrates to the Bryozoa. In order to test this hypothesis, latitudinal diversity gradients will be plotted from a constructed database of global occurrence data of Mississippian bryozoans, sorted by latitudinal zone and stage (see Methods). If Ross and Ross’ (1985) hypothesis holds true, the latitudinal diversity gradients will show no significant deviation from the hypothesized cosmopolitan distribution of genera; i.e, there should be no correlation between latitude and diversity. Deviation from the expected graph will be considered falsification of Ross and Ross’ (1985) hypothesis in regards to latitude. II. Regional lithotope differences have no effect on generic distributions of Mississippian bryozoans. Based on the hypothesis of Ross and Ross (1985) no effect 11 on generic distributions, between or within epeiric seas, should be observable across lithotopes. The Mississippian is characterized by a number of distinctive carbonate facies and lithotopes, each with a characteristic fauna. Bambach (1990) recognizes, based on the distributions of eight other major phyla, during the Early Carboniferous there are at least 12 areas that qualify as provinces with at least six others that are potentially provinces. Because Bambach’s (1990) data cover many phyla and are global in scope, many macroecological factors can be associated with these provincial differences, and lithotope differences are anticipated to be a limiting factor for Bryozoa. Gorjunova et al (2004) in their biogeographic study of bryozoan distributions through the Paleozoic, note that both North America and Europe have high endemic populations, but Gojunova et al are disinclined to conclude that regional barriers are a limiting factor. Rather, Gojunova et al (2004) are in favor of unfavorable conditions in a given region being the main factor behind bryozoan generic presence or absence. In order to test whether regional lithotopic differences had any effect on the distribution of Bryozoa, PAE paired with PGCA will confirm the existence, or lack, of provinces and realms during the Mississippian, directly assessing the validity of Ross and Ross’ (1985) hypothesis. DCA and PCO will be used to measure gradients which may not be readily apparent within the data. If Ross and Ross’ (1985) hypothesis holds true, then no differentiation in PAE or PGCA should be observed, and DCA and PCO plots should have randomly scattered data points, with no observable gradients. III. Global climate changes during the onset of the Late Mississippian Gondwanan Ice Age have no effect on temporal faunal success of Mississippian Bryozoa. Within brachiopods, extinction susceptibility in the Late Mississippian is 12 independent of “environmental breadth, number of regional occurrences, number of species, and body size” (Powell, 2008, pg 532) and brachiopod genera with limited global ranges and occurrences were most susceptible to extinction (Powell, 2008). The Late Mississippian Mass Extinction, beginning in the Late Visean/Early Serpukhovian, is suspected to be the seventh largest on record, and faunal extinction mimics those of other mass extinctions (Powell, 2008). Bryozoan extinction trends may or may not verify or follow Powell’s observed trend. Pachut and Anstey (1995) did not find any spike in generic extinction in the Serpukhovian, but did note an extinction-balanced radiation in the Tournaisian. Gorjunova et al (2004) noted an extensive divergence in amplexoporines, hexagonellines and rhabdomesids in the Early Carboniferous, but did not observe any widespread extinction during the Carboniferous. Such an extinction event could have resulted from the raditation of new taxa in habitats maintaining equilibrium diversity. This radiation is also noted by Gorjunova et al (2004). 13 METHODS Data collection In order to test the hypotheses, this study required the development of a global database of all reported bryozoan species throughout the Mississippian Subperiod, including information on the locality, formation, overall lithofacies type, stage/substage, genus, family, and suborder of each record. A database was compiled, consisting of 6,240 species rank records. These records come from 217 published (e.g., journal articles) and unpublished (e.g., theses/dissertations) sources. The only sources used were those that provided records resolvable for bryozoans to either the genus or the species level. In order to find occurrences of Bryozoa in the scientific literature, a three pronged approach was used: 1. First, the Zoologic Record (formerly the Zoological Society of London and BIOSIS) was searched for sources of Carboniferous and Mississippian Bryozoa. 2. Second, www.bryozoa.net was searched, by year, for any source that related to Mississippian, Carboniferous, or late Paleozoic Bryozoa. 3. Third, www.scholar.google.com was searched for articles which related to Carboniferous, Late Paleozoic, and Mississippian Bryozoa. Some articles (e.g., particularly some coming out of Mongolia and Russia) are of such limited availability, either due to low number of published volumes, length of time since publication, or general lack of availability, that it was nearly impossible to acquire the needed materials. Data Filtering and Methodology for Latitudinal Diversity Gradients 14 The number of genera present between the paleoequator and paleopoles were compiled in order to test for the existence of latitudinal diversity gradients among Mississippian bryozoans. To do so, a map of the Earth (Blakey, 2010) was divided into latitudinal zones of ten degrees each, starting at the equator. Ten degrees was chosen because smaller zones (<10˚) were not as easy to estimate the location of individual local areas, while larger (>10˚) would not be able to provide the level of detail to produce easily visualized results. To avoid species-rank biases and taxonomic assumptions, latitudinal diversity has been generated at the genus level. This segment of analysis used all the regional localities, not just those with only 10 or more genera present. Further, the data were divided by stage (as defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS)), so as any change of diversity patterns through time could be observed. Uncertainty and Data Reduction for Multivariate Analyses After compiling the database, data were organized into a matrix format. A binomial (0,1) presence/absence matrix was constructed for processing in PAUP* and PAST. The binomial matrix was used for PAE, PGCA, DCA and PCO analyses as this format does not put any weight on number of individual records present, but focuses on whether any members of a given genus were recorded. Recording in a binomial matrix removes any bias that may be superimposed on the fossils present based on relative abundance. For example, if the genus Fenestella is reported for a given locality, it would be recorded as a ‘1’ in the matrix, for that locality. Multiple presences of Fenestella in that locality only confirm the first report, and do not influence the matrix further; that is, after a ‘1’ is recorded as presence, abundance of the genus in the locality has no effect 15 on the matrix. In order to avoid synonymy in species, occurrences were only considered down to the genus level. Any genera with uncertain attribution (e.g., those reported as ‘Fenestella (?)’) were excluded from the matrix. Localities with specific regional or place designations which meet the requirements of serving as a “local area” were used in the matrix; those lacking specific geographic information (e.g., “North America”, “Gondwana”) or uncertain origin were excluded. After coding the matrix, further data reduction followed. This consisted of removing any genera which were not regionally present in at least three (3) local areas, as any less than this number provides either too many equally parsimonious trees or longer trees that are more poorly resolved. Parsimony interprets character (generic) presence within separate operational biogeographic units as shared qualities and assumes a common geographic history in more similar local areas united by endemic genera. Having a taxon present in only two of these creates the possibility of two most parsimonious trees being produced for each character in this condition; having only one presence of any taxon is useless to parsimony, as it is uninformative to the analysis. Three presences of a given taxon (genus) are required for this study. The localities were also filtered, so that those with less than ten (10) genera present within them were not included. This follows the methodology of Anstey et al. (2003), and is intended to reduce the effects of under-sampling on the analyses. Lastly, localities with identical faunas and occurring in the same region were collapsed into one combined local area, because identical input data provides no diagnostic information to the analyses. This protocol reduced the original matrix from 228 localities to 27 (111 dropped, 117 combined), and the original 190 genera to 155 (35 genera not included). However, in 16 assessing numbers of endemic genera, taxa present within only one or two local areas, amounting to 80 genera, were included. As experienced by Anstey et al (2003, pg 307), working with local areas with fewer than 10 documented distributed genera could not be analyzed biogeographically, as the branching relationships among OBUs cannot be reliably determined. This study attempted using levels of genera as few as 8, but found that incorporating these local areas provided less resolution in PAE. Using localities with more than 11 genera did not seem to produce any more resolution than those with 10 in trial runs, and these trials repeat the experiences of Anstey et al (2003, pg 307). 17 Analytical Methodology Seriation. Seriation is the ordering of local areas (i.e., localities, realms/provinces, or higher order clusters of local areas) in order to identify an environmental gradient or a stratigraphic sequence (Hammer and Harper, 2006, pg 240). Seriation methods are used to order the local areas along a single presence/absence gradient. Estimated biogeographic completeness (EBC) calculated by dividing observed genera(X) by the sum of observed (X) and implied (dashes) genera (EBC= ௫ ) (Anstey et al., 2003). ሾሺ௫ ሻା ሺି ሻሿ Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE). Parsimony analysis of endemicity mirrors the same assumptions and conditions inherent in standard cladistic techniques (e.g., Farris et al, 1996; Madison et al, 1984), except local areas take the place of “taxa”, and generic presence/absence takes the place of the “character states”. PAE treats dispersal in the same way as cladistics does homoplasy, linking related areas by their shared endemic taxa on the assumption that those areas with shared endemics are most closely related in history and origin than those areas lacking shared endemics. The product is a cladogram which shows a branching pattern of endemic relationships among local areas. The order of nodes in the area cladogram should reflect the historical order of development of the provinces or realms. This historical order can be used to infer patterns like vicariance. This study has used PAUP* 4.0b4a (“Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony [*and other methods]” (Swofford 2000)) to perform PAE. Paired Group Cluster analysis (PGCA). Paired Group Cluster analysis is another way of analyzing biogeographic data which provides insight into faunal distribution patterns. Like PAE, PGCA uses a data matrix consisting of local areas and 18 generic presence/absence. Unlike PAE, PGCA emphasizes overall faunal similarity over endemic associations; that is, PAE focuses on shared endemics, while PGCA groups local areas together based on overall faunal makeup. When performing PGCA, this study used the indices of Jaccard (1901) and Kulczynski (1927). These two indices were chosen as they have shown reliability in past analyses, as well as emphasizing shared presences and de-emphasizing mutual absences, unlike simple matching coefficients (Hammer and Harper, 2006, pg 213). When applying PGCA this study avoids using indices which calculate overall similarity between faunas, because those indices (e.g., Simpson’s coefficient) treat cosmopolitan and endemic genera equally, which can minimize the importance of the shared, but rarer, endemic genera. To counteract the presence of overly pandemic genera, seven cosmopolitan genera, present in 15 or more OBUs, were excluded from the final cluster analyses. The product of PGCA is an area cluster diagram showing the pattern of overall similarity among local areas. This analysis was performed using the program PAST (PAleontological STatistics; Hammer et al, 2001). Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). Detrended correspondence analysis provides a way of viewing biogeographic data in the context of faunal gradients. DCA produces two-dimensional plots of intersecting multidimensional faunal gradients, with different local areas falling on different parts of the plot depending upon their faunal makeup. The researcher’s understanding of tectonic setting, age, and/or major lithotope differences may then provide a notion of what these axes represent and what the patterns present in the plot imply (e.g. Tuckey(1990), Tuckey and Anstey(1992)). PAE and PGCA may provide context for these interpretations; for 19 example, if PAE displays associations interpreted as a vicariance event, these patterns may also be displayed in the DCA plot if a DCA axis crosses the vicariant boundary zone. The application of DCA relies upon the program PAST (PAleontological STatistics; Hammer et al, 2001) for DCA. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCO). Principal coordinates analysis uses a similar concept to DCA; the analysis condenses a large multidimensional dataset into a smaller discrete number of reduced variables with easily visualized relationships. Like DCA, PCO’s interpretation is inherent upon the researcher’s understanding of the biogeographic and ecological processes present and relatable to the system under study (i.e., the Mississippian bryozoan biogeography), as many ecological variables are condensed into two or three major axes. This study uses PCO to test and reinforce results from DCA. This application of PCO uses the program PAST (PAleontological STatistics; Hammer et al, 2001) for PCO. 20 ANALYTICAL RESULTS Latitudinal Diversity Gradients Table 1 shows the results of the latitudinal diversity gradients analysis of Mississippian bryozoans by stage. Each stage is divided into paleolatitudinal zones of 10˚ each, and paleolatitude zones are listed in order from the equator moving poleward. “# of Distinct Genera” shows the number of unique genera present in each zone in each stage. Zones not included in the table contain no reported genera for that stage and zone. Three bar graphs, one for each stage, were plotted (Figure 1). Table 1. Generic diversity by stage. Paleolatitude # Distinct Genera Serpukhovian 0-10° 63 10-20° 55 20-30° 22 30-40° 1 Paleolatitude # Distinct Genera Visean 0-10° 74 10-20° 57 20-30° 41 30-40° 3 Paleolatitude # Distinct Genera Tournaisian 0-10° 31 10-20° 19 20-30° 46 30-40° 5 21 # Distinct Genera Serpukhovian 80 60 40 20 0 0-10° 10-20° 20-30° 30-40° Paleolatitude # Distinct Genera Visean 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0-10° 10-20° 20-30° 30-40° Paleolatitude # Distinct Genera Tournaisian 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0-10° 10-20° 20-30° 30-40° Paleolatitude Figure 1. Generic Diversity through the Mississippian Subperiod. The vertical axis represents number of genera present within each zone. 22 Seriation Seriation patterns of endemism among genera and provinces are displayed in table 3. To conserve space, province names were abbreviated (Rus= Russia, Tet I= Tethys I, Kaz= Kazakhstan-Siberia, Tet II= Tethys II, Che= Chester, Wav= Waverly, Keo= Keokuk, St. L= St. Louis, War= Warsaw, Bur= Burlington). Estimated biogeographic completeness (EBC) has been estimated for both individual genera and provinces (Table 3). Overall EBC for the most endemic genera is estimated to be 72.6%, based on known (x) and implied occurrences (-) across all provinces. Note the high number of shared genera between North America II and both the Old World and North America I. Also, there are no completely endemic genera present solely within North America II. EBC percentages for genera vary widely, both within and among provinces. These percentages imply relatively high success rates in sampling some genera (e.g., Nikiforovella, Hexites, Penniretepora) and low success rates in sampling others (e.g., Anisotrypa, Evactinopora). EBC percentages for provinces also vary greatly between provinces, with some, like Russia and Tethys I Provinces, having very high percentages, while others are very low, most notable being the Waverly Province, with only 38.8% EBC. 23 Table 2. Seriation patterns among genera within provinces. Provincial/Realm abbreviations use the first three letters of each. EBC % calculated for genera and provinces respectively. Realm Old World North America II Province Rus Tet I Kaz Tet II Che EBC (%) X X Hexites 100 X X Ascopora 100 X X Rhombocladia 100 X X Streblotrypella 100 X X Triznotrypa 66 X X Mediapora 66 X X X Nematopora 100 X X X Nikiforovella 100 X X X Sulcoretepora 100 X X Goniocladia 66 X X X X Penniretepora 100 X X X X Tabulipora 80 X X X X Batostomella 80 X X X Septopora 60 X X X X Rhabdomeson 80 X X X Dyscritella 60 X X X Eridopora 75 X X Cheilotrypa 50 X X Anisotrypa 33 X Cyclopora 100 X X Pinnatopora 57 X X X X Streblotrypa 100 X X X Thamniscus 66 X X Acanthocladia 66 X X Prismopora 50 X X Coeloconus 50 X X X Dichotrypa 66 X X Hemitrpya 71 X Taeniodictya 50 X X Ptylopora 87.5 X X Archimedes 66 X Evactinopora 42 X X Cystodictya 85.7 X Intrapora 40 X Glyptopora 83 X Lyropora 100 EBC (%) 100 80 54 60.8 79.1 72.6 24 Table 2, cont. Realm North America I Province Wav Keo St. L War Bur EBC (%) X X Cyclopora 100 X X Pinnatopora 57 X X Streblotrypa 100 X Thamniscus 66 X X Acanthocladia 66 X Prismopora 50 X X Coeloconus 50 X Dichotrypa 66 X X X Hemitrpya 71 X X X Taeniodictya 50 X X X X X Ptylopora 87.5 X X Archimedes 66 X X Evactinopora 42 X X X X Cystodictya 85.7 X Intrapora 40 X X X X Glyptopora 83 Lyropora 100 X X X X Strotopora 80 X X X X Coscinium 100 X X X Worthenopora 100 Reteporina X X X 100 X X Fenestralia 100 X Actinotrypa 100 X Bactropora 100 EBC (%) 38.8 78.9 80 71.4 100 72.6 25 Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) produced three large area clades and nine smaller area subclades (Figure 2). In the context of parsimonious biogeography, these large area clades are major endemic associations (which are interpreted as realms), and the area subclades are minor endemic associations (which are interpreted as provinces), and represent the documented bryozoan genera within all diverse local areas in North America, Baltica, Siberia, Gondwana, and the Tethyan region (Figure 2; Table 2). This cladogram represents the majority-rule consensus of 15 trees of equal length of 172 steps, which has a consistency index (CI) of 0.2907 and a homoplasy index (HI) of 0.7093. Distributional patterns of the 50 most endemic genera are shown in Table 2. The first column of the cladogram has the individual localities labeled, along with the accompanying information on the geologic stage, formation, or stage. The second column shows the number of distinct genera present within each local area used in the analysis. The third column displays the province with which each minor association is attributed. Finally, the fourth column displays the realm with which each province is associated. 26 Figure 2. Majority consensus area cladogram, based on 15 trees of equal length (172 steps) using a random addition sequence, steepest descent option, and ACCTRAN optimization. CI= .2907, HI= .7093, RI= .5864. “Theoretical Outgroup” indicates a hypothetical area in which all taxa were absent. 27 Paired Group Cluster Analysis (PGCA) Figure 3 shows the area cluster diagram defined using the Jaccard (1901) similarity index. The similarity axis displays how similar local areas are on a scale of zero to one. The diagram displays nine minor endemic associations, which are interpreted and correspond to the provinces displayed in figure 1. Column one displays the name of the local area and its associated geologic formation, stage, or series. Column two displays the province to which each local area is interpreted to belong. Figure 4 shows the area cluster diagram defined using the Kulczynski (1927) similarity index. The similarity axis displays how similar local areas are on a scale of zero to one. The diagram displays nine minor endemic associations, which are interpreted and correspond to the provinces displayed in figure 1 and figure 3. Column one displays the name of the local area and its associated geologic formation, stage, or series. Column two displays the province to which each local area is interpreted to belong. PGCA using the Jaccard (1901) and Kulczynski (1927) similarity indices showed similar endemic associations to that of PAE, strengthening the results (Figures 3, 4).The major endemic biogeographic associations have been mapped onto reconstructions of the subperiod based on the maps by Blakey (2010) with individual OBUs marked with symbols corresponding to each realm (Figures 5,6). Blakey’s (2010) maps are largely dependent upon Scotese’s PALEOMAP Project, but are easier to interpret and readily available online. 28 Similarity 0 Locality, Formation/Stage/Series Province Ohio/Michigan, Waverly Waverly Kentucky/Illinois, Keokuk Missouri, Keokuk Keokuk Iowa, Keokuk Illinois, Keokuk Iowa/Illinois, Burlington Burlington KY/IL/TN, St. Louis St. Louis Missouri, St. Louis Illinois/Indiana/Missouri, Warsaw Warsaw Illinois/Missouri, Warsaw Arizona, Chester Arkansas, Pitkin Illinois Basin, Chester Chester Indiana, Glen Dean Kentucky/Alabama/Ohio/Illinois, Chester QLD/NSW, AU, Lower Carboniferous Tethys II Turkestan, Lower Carboniferous Volgograd Oblast, Russia Russia Rostov Oblast, Russia, Visean Russian Platform, Visean Siberian Russia, Tournaisian KazakhstanSiberian Russia, Visean Siberia Kazakhstan, Lower Carboniferous Ireland, Glencar Tethys I Japan, Visean Alabama, Bangor Theoretical Outgroup Figure 3. Area cluster diagram defined using the Jaccard (1901) similarity index. 29 Similarity 0 Locality, Formation/Stage/Series Province Ohio/Michigan, Waverly Waverly Kentucky/Illinois, Keokuk Missouri, Keokuk Keokuk Iowa, Keokuk Illinois, Keokuk Iowa/Illinois, Burlington Burlington KY/IL/TN, St. Louis St. Louis Missouri, St. Louis Illinois/Indiana/Missouri, Warsaw Warsaw Illinois/Missouri, Warsaw Arizona, Chester Arkansas, Pitkin Chester Illinois Basin, Chester Indiana, Glen Dean Kentucky/Alabama/Ohio/Illinois, Chester QLD/NSW, AU, Lower Carboniferous Tethys II Turkestan, Lower Carboniferous Volgograd Oblast, Russia Rostov Oblast, Russia, Visean Russia Russian Platform, Visean Siberian Russia, Tournaisian KazakhstanSiberian Russia, Visean Siberia Kazakhstan, Lower Carboniferous Ireland, Glencar Tethys I Japan, Visean Alabama, Bangor Theoretical Outgroup Figure 4. Area cluster diagram defined using the Kulczynski (1927) similarity index. 30 Figure 5 displays the local area locations using symbols (squares= Old World localities; diamonds = North America I) by realm association on a reconstructed early Mississippian map based on those done by Blakey (2010). The North American Realm local areas are restricted to the Laurussian landmass, while the Old World local areas are spread around much of the equatorial and temperate landmasses, including Laurussia, Siberia, Gondwana, and the China blocks. Figure 6 displays the local area locations using symbols (squares= Old World localities; circles = North America II) by realm association on a reconstructed late Mississippian map based on those done by Blakey (2010). The North American Realm local areas are restricted to the Laurussian landmass, while the Old World local areas are spread around much of the equatorial and temperate landmasses, including Laurussia, Siberia, and Gondwana. 31 Siberia North America Baltica China Blocks Paleotethys Gondwana Old World North America I Figure 5. Reconstructed geographic distributions of early Mississippian (Tournaisian/Visean) bryozoan realms in Gondwana, North America, Baltica, Siberia, and the Tethyan region, based on maps by Blakey (2010). Some OBUs slightly offset for ease of visibility. 32 Siberia North America Baltica China Blocks Paleotethys Gondwana glaciation Old World North America II Figure 6. Reconstructed geographic distributions of Late Mississippian (Serpukhovian) bryozoan realms in Gondwana, North America, Baltica, and Siberia, based on maps by Blakey (2010). Some OBUs slightly offset for ease of visibility. 33 Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCO) Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of Mississippian assemblages is displayed in figure 7. Major associations as interpreted from PAE and PCO were used in this analysis, and the convex hulls graphed onto the plot are the interpretation of the researcher (squares= Old World realm, circles= North America II, diamonds= North America I). Axis 1 shows a significant separation between the three realms, as shown in Figure 7. Axis two produces less separation, as the three realms are lined up horizontally. The separations of realms as seen in DCA (Figure 7) are mirrored by principal coordinates analysis (PCO) axes 1 and 2 (Figure 8). Major associations as interpreted from PAE and PCO were used in this analysis, and the convex hulls graphed onto the plot are the interpretation of the researcher (squares= Old World realm, circles= North America II, diamonds= North America I). Axis 1 shows a significant separation between the three realms, as shown in Figure 7. Axis two produces less separation, as North America I and North America II realms are lined up horizontally, while the Old World realm is separated well from both. Some clusters of OBUs (Figure 2) correspond to the developing “paraphyletic” Tethyan Realm, which in the Permian Period replaced the Old World Realm (Bambach, 1990). Therefore, these disjunct faunas (Tethys I & II) were excluded from DCA and PCO to provide simplicity. Their inclusion provided no diagnostic information within the analysis, because they overlap with the convex hulls of otherwise well defined 34 groupings (Figures 7, 8). These regions were included in the cluster analyses (Figures 3, 4), and their ‘stem-group’ relationship to other provinces can be observed. 35 Figure 7. DCA axes 1 versus 2. 36 Figure 8. PCO axes 1 versus 2. 37 DISCUSSION Latitudinal Diversity Gradients Figure 1 shows the recorded diversity of bryozoan genera throughout the subperiod. During the Tournaisian Stage, there is an anomalously high peak in bryozoan diversity at 30° roughly the paleolatitude of Siberia and northern Kazakhstan, , surpassing the expected high generic peak at the equator by fifteen genera. A peak in bryozoan diversity at such high latitude is significant, as it provides evidence of a significant northern fauna during the Early Mississippian. This differs greatly from the gradients projected for the Visean and Serpukhovian Stages, as these later stages show a more gradational fauna with a peak in bryozoan diversity at the equator which tapers off poleward. However, this peak could also be based on a monographic effect, as Tournaisian-age assemblages are rare in North America and somewhat limited in Europe, but have been studied much more extensively in Asia. Patterns of Endemism Names and Provincial/Realm determinations. The results from both PAE and PGCA provide insight into the relationship of the OBUs to each other. The lowermost clade of Figure 2 corresponds solely to the Visean and Tournaisian assemblages of North American Bryozoa. This realm is referred to as North America I, as it corresponds to the ‘American Realm’ as identified by Bambach (1990) in the Early Carboniferous. The subunits of Bambach’s (1990) American Realm do not correspond to those provinces identified by PAE (Figure 2), so names were assigned based on lithologic association. Those OBUs observed within each cluster corresponded to each major lithotope (Waverly Formation, Burlington Formation, Keokuk Formation, Warsaw 38 Formation, and St. Louis Limestone) and these clusters are likely a consequence of vicariance due to partitioning of endemic associations along lithotopic boundaries. The second, or upper, clade in Figure 2 is a more diverse construct consisting of two related realms of the Mississippian. The uppermost realm is a successor to the older North America I Realm of the Early Mississippian, and is named in the same manner (North America II). It consists of a younger, Serpukhovian age (Chesterian) assemblage, which shows closer endemic associations to those faunas of the Old World Realm, and an older vestige of the Devonian Old World Realm (Boucot, 1975) and the newly assembling Tethyan Realm (Bambach, 1990). The provinces observed in the Old World Realm are named according to regional association (Kazakhstan-Siberia, Russia), and the eastern pantethyan faunas, which display a disjunct association with others of the Old World Realm, are named for their Permian realm associations (Tethys I, II). Vicariance and Geodispersal. Vicariance hypotheses can be put forward based on the area cladogram results. The North America I Realm is postulated to be the last vestige of an older realm dating back to the Devonian (Figures 2, 7). This realm fits with what Boucot (1975) called the Southern Laurentia Region of the Eastern Americas Realm in the Devonian. Further, the individual provinces in this realm are postulated to have undergone lithotope partitioning; that is, the individual provinces are associated with unique environmental and depositional conditions, due to their close association with individual lithofacies of the Middle Mississippian. Bambach (1990) noted a transition in the Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) from more distinct European and Chinese realms to a more generalized Tethyan 39 Realm. It is likely those provinces (Tethys I and II) are earlier Mississippian evidences of this shift, explaining the disjunction of these provinces and others of the Old World Realm (Figure 2), fitting with Ross and Ross’ (1990) hypothesis of a globally cosmopolitan bryozoan fauna. The first wave of Tethyan dispersal is evident in the Bangor Limestone of Alabama (Figure 2) which is Early Serpukhovian (Early Chesterian) in age. Because of this age association, the Bangor Limestone fauna’s disjunct character, that is, the Bangor’s lack of association with other North American faunas, is explained by geodispersal. In a slightly later event, the Chester faunas evolve a new suite of endemic taxa that vicariantly divides the preceding pandemic distribution into its "evolved" Chesterian configuration (Figure 2). Mississippian Extinction Event The Old World and North America II Realms (Figures 2, 8) are endemically discrete, but share a number of more dispersed and pandemic genera (Table 2). Between the Late Visean and Early Serpukhovian there is an event, most likely the onset of the Karoo Ice Age (Smith and Reed, 2000), which causes a faunal shift from that of the North America I Realm to the North America II Realm, allowing for congruent dispersal of Old World genera to replace lost endemic genera. The base of the Chesterian Series, also the separation point between North America I and North America II, represents the onset of cyclothem deposition in North America, widely regarded as a far-field effect of the Karoo Ice Age. The transition between North America I and North America II could not have occurred unless the global climate change had already affected North America I endemics and caused their extinction. There is a Late Visean/Early Serpukhovian extinction of the North America I Realm and 40 its provinces (Table 3). The genera loss is largely an extinction of the endemic genera in the North America I realm (Tables 3, 4). Laurentia is repopulated in the Serpukhovian by dispersal of more cosmopolitan taxa originating in the Old World (Tethyan) Realm (Figure 2). These taxa could be more tolerant of colder climates, because this extinction coincides with the beginning of the Karoo Ice Age. The Visean limestones in North America are known to include tropical lithologies, such as that seen in the St. Louis Limestone (Powell, 2008). The Chesterian limestones are not only more argillaceous, but could also reflect a more temperate climate (Isbell et al., 2008; Powell, 2008; Smith and Read, 2000). Some Chesterian limestones are oolitic, such as the Beaver Bend Limestone, but most of the Chesterian limestones are not (Powell, 2008). Table 3. Endemic Genera lost from North America in the Visean/Serpukhovian transition Genus Actinotrypa Heloclema Actinotrypa Koninckopora Admiratella Laxifenestella Apertostella Leptopora Bactropora Metapora Bactropora Minilya Banastella Parafenestella Cliotrypa Proutella Coscinium Pseudohornera Cubifenestella Pseudounitrypa Cycloporella Ptiloporella Dictyoretmon Reteporina Eulyra Ropalonaria Exfenestella Strotopora Fenestralia Trematopora Fistuliramus Worthenopora Flustra Faunal Gradients 41 Within DCA and PCO, North America I and the Old World Realms are well separated, even though parts of the Old World occur temporally within the Early Mississippian, as does all of North America I. Ross and Ross’ (1985) hypothesis predicts that these early assemblages will overlap, since the creation of lesser Pangaea would not have effectively isolated cosmopolitan faunas until later in the Carboniferous. This earlier separation, along with the relatively high provinciality of North America I, supports the idea that the creation of ‘Lesser Pangaea’ and the isolation of the two realms occurred early in the Mississippian, if not in the Devonian. This event occurring in the early Mississippian is further supported by the Tournaisian latitudinal diversity gradient (Figure 1), which displays a low generic diversity in the equatorial region as compared to the higher latitudes. Low generic diversity may be expected during tectonically disruptive events in the equatorial region, especially considering the possible effect of the closure of a tropical seaway (Rheic Ocean). Onset of Late Mississippian Glaciation. DCA and PCO show a marked difference between the successions of the North America I Realm by the North America II Realm, implying a possible climactic or lithofacies shift on the North American craton (Figures 7 & 8), as PCO and DCA analyses are generally sensitive to ecological changes within datasets. This same shift is demonstrated in PAE and Cluster Analysis, with the Old World Realm showing a stronger association with North America II (Figures 2, 3, & 4). This shift in endemic and faunal similarities may be indicative of the onset of the Gondwana (Karoo) Ice age, as proposed by Ross and Ross (1985), and may explain the decreased provinciality from the Visean to Serpukhovian. Geological evidence that 42 such an event may have been underway this early in the subperiod has been suggested by Smith and Reed (2000). 43 CONCLUSIONS In order to test the hypotheses of Ross and Ross (1985), a database of global occurrences of Mississippian Bryozoa was constructed, comprising over 6,000 occurrence records. This database was then used to perform analyses of PAE, PGCA, DCA, PCO, latitudinal diversity gradients and seriation. Mississippian biogeographic units occupied regions of the Earth in which specific sets of endemic genera cooccurred, most easily visualized in the area cladogram (Figure 2), the distributions of the endemic genera (Table 1, Figure 9), and the map areas occupied (Figures 7, 8). These analyses support alternative hypotheses to those of Ross and Ross (1985), and provide evidence of provinciality, vicariance, Mississippian glaciations and extinction, and ecological/lithotypic partitioning of the Mississippian cratons. Few studies of Paleozoic bryozoans have applied similar methods to their distributions, and none have done so within the Carboniferous. Refutation of Ross and Ross (1985). Ross and Ross (1985) hypothesized that bryozoan distributions were cosmopolitan and globally distributed. While broad distributions of bryozoan genera are observed for this subperiod, endemically defined patterns of distributions are also observed (Figures 2, 3, & 4). Many equatorial local areas (e.g., China) had very few sufficiently defined or reported bryozoan occurrences to be included in this study. Further, PAE, along with PGCA, DCA, and PCO (Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6), show that bryozoan distributions were far from globally cosmopolitan throughout the Mississippian. As expressed by Bambach(1990, pg 322), the distribution of other invertebrates are far from the cosmopolitan distributions of genera suggested 44 for the bryozoans (Ross and Ross, 1985) , and provide further support for my hypothesis of endemic associations. Glaciation and Extinction. The proposed onset of a late Mississippian Ice Age agrees with the vicariance patterns observed in PAE and PGCA, and also with the faunal gradients seen in DCA and PCO. Predictably, a global cooling event would have restricted the tropical Bryozoa and provided barriers to geodispersal, along with enforcing endemism-influenced associations. These barriers, along with loss of some early tropical genera, are observed in the DCA and PCO results. The regime shift from North America I to the coupling of North America II and the Old World realms suggests that the geodispersal event(s) that led to this coupling occurred between the Visean and Serpukhovian. The more distant relationship between North America I and II in PAE suggest that these two realms are endemically discrete. 45 APPENDICES 46 APPENDIX A APPENDIX A 47 Table 4, cont’d APPENDIX A, Table 4. Database of Bryozoan Occurrence Records Genus Acanthocladia species peculiaris Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Acanthocladia xxx Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Acanthocladia xxx Lower CarboniferousUzura Acanthocladia xxx Acanthocladia xxx Tourinasean- Hikoroichi sh Visean- Akiyoshi ls Hikoroichi, S Kitakami massif Akiyoshi, Japan Acanthoclema Acanthoclema confluens confluens Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Acanthoclema confluens Keokuk Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema confluens confluens confluens confluens confluens confluens confluens confluens confluens Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO 48 Locality Available County Morioka Province, Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Pahang, Malaysia Iwate Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema species confluens confluens confluens confluens confluens confluens confluens confluens fistulosa fistulosa fistulosa fistulosa Rock Unit Keokuk Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly St. Genevieve St. Genevieve St. Genevieve St. Genevieve Locality Available Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Caldwell County, KY Princeton, KY Rosiclare, IL St. Genevieve, MO Acanthoclema Acanthoclema pecularis pecularis Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Acanthoclema pecularis Keokuk Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema pecularis pecularis pecularis pecularis pecularis pecularis pecularis pecularis pecularis pecularis Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL 49 County Hancock County, IL Wayne County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Caldwell County, KY Caldwell County, KY Hardin County, IL Ste. Genevieve County, MO Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema species ramulosa ramulosa ramulosa ramulosa Rock Unit St. Genevieve St. Genevieve St. Genevieve St. Genevieve Locality Available Caldwell County, KY Princeton, KY Rosiclare, IL St. Genevieve, MO Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema solida solida solida solida Chester Chester Chester Chester Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema solida solida solida solida solida solida Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Acanthoclema Acanthoclema solida solida Chester Chester Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema Acanthoclema solida solida solida solida Chester Chester Chester Chester Acanthoclema solida Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Acanthoclema solida Chester Stepensport, KY 50 County Caldwell County, KY Caldwell County, KY Hardin County, IL Ste. Genevieve County, MO Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Acanthoclema Actinotrypa Actinotrypa Actinotrypa Actinotrypa Actinotrypa Actinotrypa Admiratella Aisenvergia xxx pecularis pecularis peculiaris peculiaris peculiaris peculiaris prima cylindrica Mooney Falls Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Visean Lower Carboniferous Yavapai County, AZ Keokuk, IA LaGrange, MO Keokuk, IA Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Warsaw, IL Amphiporella halloporoides Lower Carboniferous Amphiporella halloporoides Lower Carboniferous Amplexopora discoidea Lower Carboniferous Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Treak Cliff Anisotrypa beshevensis Tourinasean Weining Anisotrypa boqiwanensis Tourinasean Weining Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa fistulosa hamata integrata St. Louis Tournasean- upper Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Pella, IA SE Armenia Chouniugou 51 Donetz Basin County KY Yavapai County, AZ Lee County, IA Clark County, MO Lee County, IA Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Kazakhstan Rostov Oblast, Russia Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Derbyshire, Eng Guizhou Province, China Guizhou Province, China Marion County, IA SE Armenia Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Anisotrypa species integrata Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Houeishan County Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Anisotrypa integrata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Anisotrypa Anisotrypa ramulosa sinensis St. Louis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Pella, IA Chouniugou Marion County, IA Gansu Province, China Anisotrypa sinensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Anisotrypa sinensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa solida solida solida solida solida solida solida solida Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Anna, IL Chester, IL Pulaski County, KY Ruma, IL St. Genevieve, MO Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa solida solida solida Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls 52 Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL St. Lane County, MO Illinois Basin Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Table 4, cont’d Genus Anisotrypa Anisotrypa species solida solida Rock Unit Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Locality Available Anisotrypa solida Chester- Wymps Gap ls Fayette County, PA Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa symmetra symmetra symmetrica symmetrica symmetrica symmetrica symmetrica Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa symmetrica symmetrica symmetrica symmetrica symmetrica symmetrica Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Anisotrypa Anisotrypa symmetrica symmetrica Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa symmetrica symmetrica symmetrica symmetrica Chester Chester Chester Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL 53 County Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Fayette County, PA Crawford County, IN Perry County, IN Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Anisotrypa species symmetrica Rock Unit Chester Anisotrypa Anisotrypa symmetrica symmetrica Chester Chester Locality Available Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Sloans Valley, KY Smithland, KY Anisotrypa symmetrica Chester Stepensport, KY Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa Anisotrypa symmetrica xxx xxx xxx Anisotrypa xxx Chester Chester- Bangor Ls Chester- Bangor ls Chester- Chainman Shale Chester- Wymps Gap ls Anisotrypa Apertostella Arborocladia Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes xxx venusta simplex americanus ardmorensis bassleri communis communis communis communis communis Chester-Glen Dean Warsaw- Ullin ls Carboniferous- Early Warsaw Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes communis communis Chester Chester 54 County Pulaski County, KY Millard County, Utah Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Blount County, AL Blount County, AL Millard County, UT Chalk Hill, Ohiopyle Fayette County, PA Crane, IN Ullin, IL Martin County, IN Pulaski County, IL Mongolia Lee County, IA Carter County, OK Illinois Basin Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Reid Gap, AR Keokuk, IA Carter County, OK Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes species communis communis communis communis Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Locality Available Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Archimedes Archimedes communis communis Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes communis communis communis communis communis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes communis Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Archimedes communis Chester Stepensport, KY Archimedes Archimedes communis communis Chester Chester- Glen Dean Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes communis communis communis communis communis Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Archimedes communis Chester- Pitkin Ls 55 County Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Breckenridge County, KY Crawford County, IN Perry County, IN Pulaski County, KY Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes species communis communis communis communis Rock Unit Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Locality Available Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes compactus compactus compactus compactus compactus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes compactus compactus compactus compactus compactus compactus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes compactus compactus Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes compactus compactus compactus compactus compactus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes compactus Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY 56 County Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Archimedes compactus Chester Stepensport, KY Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes compactus compactus compactus confertus confertus confertus confertus Archimedes confertus Archimedes confertus Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes distans distans distans distans distans distans Chester Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester Chester Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Paradise fmt, 5th Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes distans distans distans distans distans distans Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester 57 Paradise, AZ County KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Crawford County, IN Pulaski County, KY Jackson County, AL Illinois Basin Pulaski County, KY Cochise County, AZ Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Carter County, OK Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Carter County, OK Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, Langston Gap, AL Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Archimedes Archimedes distans distans Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes distans distans distans distans distans Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes distans Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Archimedes distans Chester Stepensport, KY Archimedes Archimedes distans distans Chester Chester- Glen Dean Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes distans distans distans distans distans distans Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes distans distans distans distans Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls 58 County KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Breckenridge County, KY Crawford County, IN Grayson County, KY Perry County, IN Pulaski County, KY Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes species distans Rock Unit Chester- Pitkin Ls Locality Available Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes distans fosteri grandis grandis Chester-Glen Dean Chester Keokuk Keokuk Crane, IN Langston Gap, AL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Archimedes grandis Keokuk Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes grandis grandis grandis grandis grandis grandis grandis grandis grandis grandis grandis grandis halli Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Warsaw Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Jersey County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Warsaw, IL Bentonsport, IA Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes halli interedius intermedia intermedia Warsaw Chester- Bangor ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls 59 Warsaw, IL County Washington County, AR Martin County, IN Jackson County, AL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Jersey County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Hancock County, IL Colbert County, AL Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes species intermedia intermedia intermedia intermedia intermedia Rock Unit Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Locality Available Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes intermedius intermedius intermedius intermedius intermedius Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes intermedius intermedius intermedius intermedius intermedius intermedius intermedius Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes intermedius intermedius Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Langston Gap, AL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes intermedius intermedius intermedius intermedius Chester Chester Chester Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL 60 County Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Jackson County, AL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes species intermedius Rock Unit Chester Archimedes intermedius Chester Locality Available Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Archimedes intermedius Chester Stepensport, KY Archimedes Archimedes intermedius intermedius Chester Chester- Glen Dean Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes intermedius intermedius intermedius intermedius Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes intermedius invaginata invaginata Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Chester-Glen Dean Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes invaginata invaginata invaginata invaginata invaginata Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes invaginatus invaginatus invaginatus invaginatus Chester Chester Chester Chester Paradise, AZ Crane, IN Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL 61 County Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Breckenridge County, KY Crawford County, IN Grayson County, KY Pulaski County, KY Cochise County, AZ Martin County, IN Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes species invaginatus Rock Unit Chester Locality Available Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes invaginatus invaginatus invaginatus invaginatus invaginatus invaginatus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes invaginatus invaginatus Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes invaginatus invaginatus invaginatus invaginatus invaginatus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes invaginatus Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Archimedes invaginatus Chester Stepensport, KY Archimedes Archimedes invaginatus invaginatus Chester Chester- Glen Dean Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes invaginatus invaginatus invaginatus Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean 62 County Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Breckenridge County, KY Crawford County, IN Grayson County, KY Martin County, IN Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes species invaginatus invaginatus invaginatus Archimedes invaginatus Archimedes invaginatus Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes invaginatus invaginatusmeekanoides invaginatusremotus kentuckiensis Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes lativolvis lativolvis lativolvis lativolvis lativolvis lativolvis Archimedes lativolvis Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes lativolvis laxiformis laxus laxus Archimedes Rock Unit Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Paradise fmt, 5th Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Chester-Glen Dean Chester Locality Available Paradise, AZ County Orange County, IN Perry County, IN Cochise County, AZ Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Crane, IN Martin County, IN Illinois Basin Chester Illinois Basin Keokuk- Floyds Knob Chester Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Chester-Glen Dean Chester Chester Chester 63 Mitchell Hill, KY Jefferson County, KY Paradise, AZ Illinois Basin Crawford County, IN Grayson County, KY Perry County, IN Pulaski County, KY Cochise County, AZ Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Crane, IN Martin County, IN Illinois Basin Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes species laxus laxus laxus Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Locality Available Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes laxus laxus laxus laxus laxus laxus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes laxus laxus Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes laxus laxus laxus laxus laxus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes laxus Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Archimedes laxus Chester Stepensport, KY Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes laxus laxus lunatus Chester Chester-Glen Dean Chester- Pitkin Ls Crane, IN Locust Grove, AR 64 County Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Martin County, IN Independence County, AR Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes Archimedes species lunatus lunatus Rock Unit Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Locality Available Timbo, AR West Fork, AR Archimedes Archimedes macfarlani macfarlani Chester Chester- Glen Dean Langston Gap, AL Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes macfarlani macfarlani macfarlani macfarlani macfarlani macfarlani magnus Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester-Glen Dean Great Blue ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Crane, IN Utah County, UT Locust Grove, AR Archimedes Archimedes magnus magnus Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Timbo, AR West Fork, AR Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes mcfarlani meekanoides meekanoides meekanoides meekanoides meekanus meekanus meekanus meekanus meekanus meekanus Chester Chester Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester-Glen Dean Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester 65 Carter County, OK Crane, IN Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Carter County, OK Chester, IL Crittenden County, County Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Jackson County, AL Breckenridge County, KY Crawford County, IN Orange County, IN Perry County, IN Pulaski County, KY Martin County, IN Utah County, UT Independence County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Illinois Basin Carter County, OK Crawford County, IN Grayson County, KY Martin County, IN Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Carter County, OK Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available KY Grayson Springs, KY Grayson, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes meekanus meekanus meekanus meekanus meekanus meekanus meekanus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes meekanus meekanus Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes meekanus meekanus meekanus meekanus meekanus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes meekanus Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Archimedes meekanus Chester Stepensport, KY Archimedes Archimedes meekanus meekanus Chester Chester- Glen Dean Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes meekanus meekanus meekanus Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean 66 County KY Grayson County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Breckenridge County, KY Crawford County, IN Grayson County, KY Perry County, IN Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes species meekanus meekanus meekanus- conicus Rock Unit Chester- Glen Dean Chester-Glen Dean Chester Locality Available Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes negligens negligens negligens Chester Keokuk Keokuk Langston Gap, AL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Archimedes negligens Keokuk Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes negligens negligens negligens negligens negligens negligens negligens negligens negligens negligens negligens owenanus owenanus owenanus Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Warsaw- Ullin ls Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Ullin, IL Adams County, IL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Archimedes owenanus Keokuk Archimedes owenanus Keokuk Crane, IN Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO 67 County Pulaski County, KY Martin County, IN Illinois Basin Jackson County, AL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, IL Adams County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes species owenanus owenanus owenanus owenanus owenanus owenanus owenanus owenanus owenanus owenanus owenanus owenanus paralaxus perminimus perminimus perminimus perminimus perminimus perminimus Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Manning Canyon sh Warsaw Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes perminimus perminimus perminimus perminimus perminimus perminimus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes perminimus Chester 68 Locality Available Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Quincy, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Tooele County, UT Keokuk, IA Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Carter County, OK Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY County Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Adams County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Tooele County, UT Lee County, IA Illinois Basin Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Carter County, OK Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes species perminimus Rock Unit Chester Locality Available Newtonville, OH Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes perminimus perminimus perminimus perminimus perminimus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes perminimus Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Archimedes perminimus Chester Stepensport, KY Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes perminimus pitkinensis proutana proutana Chester Chester Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes proutana proutana proutana proutana proutana Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes proutanus proutanus proutanus proutanus proutanus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Carter County, OK Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, 69 County Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Carter County, OK Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes proutanus proutanus proutanus proutanus proutanus proutanus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes proutanus proutanus Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes proutanus proutanus proutanus proutanus proutanus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes proutanus Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Archimedes proutanus Chester Stepensport, KY Archimedes Archimedes proutanus proutanus Chester Chester- Glen Dean Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes proutanus proutanus proutanus proutanus Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean 70 County KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Breckenridge County, KY Crawford County, IN Grayson County, KY Perry County, IN Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes species proutanus Locality Available Paradise, AZ County Cochise County, AZ Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ pseudoswallovanus Rock Unit Chester- Paradise fmt, 5th Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Chester Archimedes proutanus Archimedes proutanus Archimedes Carter County, OK Carter County, OK Archimedes regina Lower Carboniferous Malmoe Parish QLD, AU Archimedes Archimedes rigidus spiralis Chester Lower Carboniferous Carter County, OK Malmoe Parish Carter County, OK QLD, AU Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes sublaxus sublaxus sublaxus sublaxus sublaxus sublaxus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes sublaxus sublaxus sublaxus sublaxus sublaxus sublaxus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes sublaxus Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Carter County, OK Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Carter County, OK Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY 71 Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes species sublaxus Rock Unit Chester Locality Available Newtonville, OH Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes sublaxus sublaxus sublaxus sublaxus sublaxus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes sublaxus Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Archimedes sublaxus Chester Stepensport, KY Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes sublaxus sublaxus swallovana swallovana Chester Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes swallovana swallovana swallovana swallovana swallovana Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes swallovanus swallovanus swallovanus swallovanus swallovanus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, 72 County Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Grayson County, KY Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes swallovanus swallovanus swallovanus swallovanus swallovanus swallovanus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes swallovanus swallovanus Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes swallovanus swallovanus swallovanus swallovanus swallovanus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes swallovanus Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Archimedes Archimedes swallovanus swallovanus Chester Chester St. Genevieve, MO Stepensport, KY Archimedes Archimedes swallovanus swallovanus Archimedes swallovanus Chester Chester- Bird Spring Form. Chester- Glen Dean Archimedes swallovanus Chester- Glen Dean 73 County KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY St. Lane County, MO Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Clark County, NV Breckenridge County, KY Crawford County, IN Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes species swallovanus swallovanus swallovanus swallovanus symmetricus terebriformis terebriformis terebriformis terebriformis terebriformis Rock Unit Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester-Glen Dean Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes terebriformis terebriformis terebriformis terebriformis terebriformis terebriformis terebriformis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes terebriformis terebriformis Chester Chester Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes terebriformis terebriformis terebriformis terebriformis terebriformis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Locality Available Crane, IN Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Grayson, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY 74 County Grayson County, KY Perry County, IN Pulaski County, KY Martin County, IN Illinois Basin Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes species terebriformis Rock Unit Chester Locality Available Smithland, KY Archimedes terebriformis Chester Stepensport, KY Archimedes Archimedes terebriformis terebriformis Chester Chester- Glen Dean Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes terebriformis terebriformis terebriformis terebriformis Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes terebriformis tortuosus welleri wortheni wortheni wortheni Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th Chester-Glen Dean Chester Warsaw Keokuk Keokuk Warsaw Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes wortheni wortheni wortheni wortheni wortheni Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes wortheni wortheni wortheni Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw- Ullin ls 75 Paradise, AZ Crane, IN County Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Breckenridge County, KY Crawford County, IN Perry County, IN Pulaski County, KY Cochise County, AZ Martin County, IN Illinois Basin Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL LaGrange, MO Clark County, MO Wayland, MO Hancock County, IL Bentonsport, IA Van Buren County, IA Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Bureau County, IL Spergen Hill, IN Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Ullin, IL Pulaski County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Archimedes species xxx Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes xxx xxx xxx Rock Unit Chester- Chainman Shale Chester- Haney ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Archimedes Ascodictyon Ascondictyon Ascondictyon Ascondictyon Ascondictyon Ascopora xxx sparsum parvulum sparsum xxx xxx djeskzganica Chester-Glen Dean Chester Chester Chester Chester- Bangor Ls Chester- Bangor ls Namurian/Serpukhovian Ascopora instensis Visean Ascopora macella Ascopora Ascopora Ascopora mstensis primitiva primitiva Chester- Chainman Shale Visean Visean Visean 76 Locality Available Millard County, Utah County Millard County, UT Sulphur, IN Crawford County, IN Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Martin County, IN Illinois Basin Jackson County, KY Caldwell County, KY Blount County, AL Blount County, AL Kazakhstan Crane, IN Jackson County, KY Caldwell County, KY Reid Gap, AR Juab County, Utah podmoskovnii podmoskovnii Russian Platform, Russia Juab County, UT Russian Platform Russian Platform Russian Platform, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Ascopora species tricellata Locality Available tricellata Rock Unit Mid/Upper Carboniferous Mid/Upper Carboniferous Visean Ascopora tricellata Ascopora Ascopora tricellata Visean- Late Ascopora Ascopora Astralochoma Astralochoma Atactotoechus Atactotoechus Bactropora Bactropora xxx xxx helenae helenae crustasus crustasus simplex simplex Chester- Bangor Ls Chester- Bangor ls Chester Chester Tourinasean Tourinasean Keokuk Keokuk Central Don River, Russia Reid Gap, AR Bactropora simplex Keokuk Bactropora Bactropora Bactropora Bactropora Bactropora Bactropora Bactropora Bactropora Bactropora simplex simplex simplex simplex simplex simplex simplex simplex simplex Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Don Basin Lincoln County, WY Toole County, UT Central Kazakhstan Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO 77 County Altai Kraj, Russia Russian Platform, Russia Rostov Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Blount County, AL Blount County, AL Lincoln County, WY Toole County, UT Central Kazakhstan Central Kazakhstan Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Bactropora Bactropora species simplex simplex Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk- Borden Group Baculopora Baculopora Baculopora Baculopora Baculopora Baculopora Baculopora Baculopora Baculopora Baculopora Baculopora megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastome xxx xxx Arundian Asbian Asbian- Glencar ls Asbian- Glencar ls Brigantian Brigantian Dinantian Visean Asbian- Glencar ls Asbian- Glencar ls Dinantian Baculopora Baculopora xxx xxx Visean Visean Baculopora xxx Visean- Bundoran sh Banastella Banastella Banastella guensburgi limitaris mediocreforma Warsaw- Ullin ls Warsaw- Ullin ls Warsaw- Ullin ls Carrick Lough Killuckin, Carrick-onShannon Ardpodien Killymeal, Dungannon Portmaheene, Rossknowlagh Ullin, IL Ullin, IL Ullin, IL Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella abrupta abrupta abrupta abrupta Chester Chester Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL 78 Locality Available Warsaw, IL Crawfordsville, IN County Hancock County, IL Montgomery County, IN Donegal County Roscommon County Fermanagh County Roscommon County Kildare County Tyrone County Leitrim County Kildare County Fermanagh County Fermanagh County Roscommon County Kildare County Tyrone County Donegal County Pulaski County, IL Pulaski County, IL Pulaski County, IL Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Batostomella species abrupta Rock Unit Chester Locality Available Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella abrupta abrupta abrupta abrupta abrupta abrupta Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Batostomella Batostomella abrupta abrupta Chester Chester Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella abrupta abrupta abrupta abrupta abrupta Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Batostomella abrupta Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Batostomella abrupta Chester Stepensport, KY Batostomella Batostomella abrupta bundoranensis Chester upper Calp shale Bundoran, Ireland Batostomella concentra Visean doneckni Batostomella digna Visean- Early Kuznets Basin 79 County Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Donegal County Rostov Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Batostomella species digna tenera Rock Unit Visean- Early Locality Available Kuznets Basin Batostomella dubia Spring Creek, MO Batostomella foeda Chester- Moorefield Shale Visean- Early Batostomella granulosa Lower Carboniferous Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella interstincta interstincta interstincta interstincta St. Genevieve St. Genevieve St. Genevieve St. Genevieve Caldwell County, KY Princeton, KY Rosiclare, IL St. Genevieve, MO Batostomella Batostomella interstincta ivanovi St. Louis Lower Carboniferous Pella, IA Batostomella ivanovi Lower Carboniferous Batostomella lineata Lower Carboniferous Barrington Tops Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan NSW, AU Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella nitidula nitidula nitidula nitidula nitidula Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Batostomella Batostomella nitidula nitidula Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL 80 Kuznets Basin County Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Independence County, AR Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Turkestan Caldwell County, KY Caldwell County, KY Hardin County, IL Ste. Genevieve County, MO Marion County, IA Turkestan Table 4, cont’d Genus Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella species nitidula nitidula nitidula nitidula Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Locality Available Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Batostomella Batostomella nitidula nitidula Chester Chester Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella nitidula nitidula nitidula nitidula nitidula Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Batostomella nitidula Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Batostomella Batostomella nitidula nitidula chester Chester St. Genevieve, MO Stepensport, KY Batostomella Batostomella nitidula nitidula Batostomella Batostomella nitidula parvula Batostomella penita Chester Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Chester-Glen Dean Chester- Moorefield Shale Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Batostomella peristoma Visean podmoskovnii 81 Paradise, AZ Crane, IN Spring Creek, MO County Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY St. Lane County, MO Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Cochise County, AZ Martin County, IN Independence County, AR Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Table 4, cont’d Genus Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella species shishovae spinulosa spinulosa spinulosa spinulosa spinulosa Rock Unit Visean Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Locality Available podmoskovnii Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella spinulosa spinulosa spinulosa spinulosa spinulosa spinulosa Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Batostomella Batostomella spinulosa spinulosa Chester Chester Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella spinulosa spinulosa spinulosa spinulosa spinulosa Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Batostomella spinulosa Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Batostomella spinulosa Chester Stepensport, KY Batostomella spinulosa Chester 82 County Russian Platform Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Table 4, cont’d Genus Batostomella species spinulosa Locality Available Paradise, AZ County Cochise County, AZ Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ vaskovoensis Rock Unit Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Visean- Early Batostomella spinulosa Batostomella Kuznets Basin Batostomella vaskovoensis Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Batostomella vaskovoensis Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Batostomella xxx Asbian Batostomella xxx Asbian Llandudno, North Wales Nant-y-Gamar, Wales Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia North Wales Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella xxx xxx xxx Chester- Greenbrier Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella Batostomella xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Batostomella xxx Dinantian Berenicea xxx Lower Carboniferous Llandudno, North Wales 83 Conwy County, Wales Somerset County, PA Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR North Wales Donets'ka, Ukraine Table 4, cont’d Genus Berenicea species xxx Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available County Poltavs'ka, Ukraine Callocladia jensensis Millard County, Utah Millard County, UT Callocladia orientalis Chester- Chainman Shale Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Callocladia orientalis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Callocladia Callocladia Callocladia Cheilotrypa xxx xxx xxx choanjiensis Chester- Bangor Ls Chester- Bangor ls Chester- Haney ls Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Reid Gap, AR Sulphur, IN Blount County, AL Blount County, AL Crawford County, IN Morioka Province, Japan Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa distans hispida hispida hispida hispida hispida Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa hispida hispida hispida hispida hispida Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Carter County, OK Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Carter County, OK Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY 84 Table 4, cont’d Genus Cheilotrypa species hispida Rock Unit Chester Locality Available Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa hispida hispida Chester Chester Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa hispida hispida hispida hispida hispida Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Cheilotrypa hispida Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Cheilotrypa hispida Chester Stepensport, KY Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa hispida uncata Chester Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Cheilotrypa variana Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa xxx xxx Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa xxx xxx xxx Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls 85 Chouniugou County Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Table 4, cont’d Genus Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa species xxx xxx Rock Unit Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Locality Available Cheilotrypa xxx Lower Carboniferous Cheilotrypa xxx Lower Carboniferous Cheilotrypa Cheilotrypa xxx xxx Clausotrypa Clausotrypa Cliocystiramus ramosa ramosa grandis Mooney Falls Tourinasean- Hikoroichi sh Asbian- Glencar ls Asbian- Glencar ls Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Mohave County, AZ Hikoroichi, S Kitakami massif Cliocystiramus typicus Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Cliocystiramus typicus Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Cliocystiramus uncatus Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Cliocystiramus uncatus Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China 86 Chouniugou County Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Mohave County, AZ Iwate Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Fermanagh County Tyrone County Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Cliotrypa species xxx Rock Unit Keokuk- Borden Group Locality Available Crawfordsville, IN Coelotubulipora Coelotubulipora Coelotubulipora bicurva euspinosa euspinosa elaustubulosa Mengkungao fmt Mengkungao fmt Mengkungao fmt Shaodong Shaodong Shaodong County Montgomery County, IN Hunan, China Hunan, China Hunan, China Coelotubulipora euspinosa ferodiaphragma Mengkungao fmt Shaodong Hunan, China Coelotubulipora Coelotubulipora Coelotubulipora interminuta oblique superhemisepta Mengkungao fmt Mengkungao fmt Mengkungao fmt Shaodong Shaodong Shaodong Hunan, China Hunan, China Hunan, China Coelotubulipora superhemisepta elaustubulosa Mengkungao fmt Shaodong Hunan, China Coelotubulipora superhemisepta torquicuticula Mengkungao fmt Shaodong Hunan, China Coscinium Coscinium Coscinium Coscinium Coscinium Coscinium asteria elegans elegans escharense keyserlingi latum Keokuk St. Louis Warsaw Keokuk Warsaw Burlington Warsaw, IL Warsaw, IL Warsaw, IL Warsaw, IL Warsaw, IL Burlington, IA Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Des Moines County, IA 87 Table 4, cont’d Genus Coscinium Coscinium Coscinium Coscinium Coscinium species latum latum latum latum latum Rock Unit Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Locality Available Calhoun County, IL Hannibal, MO Montezuma, IL Quincy, IL Sagetown, IL Coscinium Coscinium Coscinium Coscinium Coscinium Coscinium Coscinium Coscinium Coscinium Coscinium michelinia michelinia plumosum plumosum plumosum saganella saganella tuberculatum wortheni xxx Coscinotrypa xxx St. Louis Warsaw St. Louis St. Louis Warsaw St. Louis Warsaw Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferousgrey arenaceous schists Visean- Akiyoshi ls Akiyoshi, Japan Cubifenestella Cubifenestella Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora multinodosa rudis discoidea expatiata expatiata Warsaw- Ullin ls Warsaw- Ullin ls Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Ullin, IL Ullin, IL Warsaw, IL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Cyclopora expatiata Keokuk Button Mole Knob, 88 County Calhoun County, IL Marion County, MO Pike County, IL Adams County, IL Henderson County, IL Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Dobsina, Slovakia Kosice Region, Slovakia Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Pulaski County, IL Pulaski County, IL Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora expatiata expatiata expatiata expatiata expatiata expatiata expatiata expatiata expatiata expatiata fungia fungia fungia Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Chester Keokuk Keokuk Cyclopora fungia Keokuk Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora fungia fungia fungia fungia fungia fungia fungia fungia fungia fungia fungia Locality Available KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Waverly Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH 89 County Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Illinois Basin Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Wayne County, OH Table 4, cont’d Genus Cyclopora species fungia Rock Unit Waverly Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora Cyclopora fungia fungia fungia fungia fungia fungia polymorpha polymorpha polymorphia xxx Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Chester Chester Chester Keokuk- Borden Group Cycloporella Cycloporella perversa perversa Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Cycloporella perversa Keokuk Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella perversa perversa perversa perversa perversa perversa perversa perversa perversa perversa Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL 90 Locality Available Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Pope County, IL Pope County, IL Crawfordsville, IN County Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Pope County, IL Illinois Basin Pope County, IL Montgomery County, IN Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Cycloporella Cycloporella species spinifera spinifera Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Locality Available Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Cycloporella spinifera Keokuk Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella Cycloporella Cyclotrypa Cyclotrypa Cyclotrypa Cyclotrypa spinifera spinifera spinifera spinifera spinifera spinifera spinifera spinifera spinifera spinifera laminata laminata laminata xxx Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Tourinasean Tourinasean Tourinasean Lower Carboniferous Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Central Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Cystiramus irregularis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Cystiramus irregularis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou 91 County Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Central Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Central Kazakhstan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Cystiramus species irregularis Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Xiaheyen County Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia, China Cystiramus lenticularis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Gansu Province, China Cystiramus orbicularis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Cystiramus orbicularis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Cystiramus orbicularis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Cystiramus orbicularis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Cystodictya Cystodictya americana americana Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Cystodictya americana Keokuk Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya americana americana americana americana americana Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY 92 Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya species americana americana americana americana americana americana Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Cystodictya americana Lower Carboniferous Poltavs'ka, Ukraine Cystodictya americana Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Cystodictya Cystodictya angusta angusta Waverly Waverly Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya angusta angusta angusta angusta angusta angusta astricta Cystodictya dichotoma Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Chester- Chainman Shale Lower Carboniferous Cystodictya Cystodictya labiosa latum Chester Burlington Burlington, IA Cystodictya latum Burlington Calhoun County, IL 93 Locality Available Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Juab County, Utah County Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Donets'ka, Ukraine Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Juab County, UT Turkestan Illinois Basin Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya species latum lineata lineata Rock Unit Burlington Keokuk Keokuk Locality Available Quincy, IL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Cystodictya lineata Keokuk Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya lineata lineata lineata lineata lineata lineata lineata lineata lineata lineata lineata lineata lineata lineata lineata lineata lineata lineata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Button Mole Knob, KY Caney Creek, KY Celina, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Greene County, IL Jackson County, TN Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Livingston, TN Nauvoo, IL Overton County, TN Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Cystodictya lineata Lower Carboniferous Poltavs'ka, Ukraine Cystodictya lineata Warsaw Hardin County, IL 94 County Adams County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Russell County, KY Clay County, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Greene County, IL Jackson County, TN Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Overton County, TN Hancock County, IL Overton County, TN Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Donets'ka, Ukraine Table 4, cont’d Genus Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya species lineata-major lineata-major lineata-major Rock Unit St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Locality Available Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN Cystodictya Cystodictya lineata-major lineata-major St. Louis St. Louis Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya lineata-major lineata-major lineata-major St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya lineata-major lineata-major lineata-major lineata-major St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY St. Genevieve, MO Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya lineata-major lineata-major lineata-sanctiludovici lineata-sanctiludovici lineata-sanctiludovici lineata-sanctiludovici St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis, MO Waterloo, IL Alton, IL Lyon County, KY Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO Monroe County, IL Madison County, IL St. Louis Caldwell, KY Caldwell County, KY St. Louis Clarksville, TN St. Louis Colesburg, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya 95 County Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV Table 4, cont’d Genus Cystodictya species lineata-sanctiludovici lineata-sanctiludovici lineata-sanctiludovici lineata-sanctiludovici Rock Unit St. Louis Cystodictya Cystodictya lineata-sanctiludovici lineata-sanctiludovici lineata-sanctiludovici lineata-sanctiludovici lineata-sanctiludovici lineata-sanctiludovici nitida nitida Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya St. Louis Locality Available Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY County Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY St. Louis Elizabethtown, KY Hardin County, KY St. Louis Greenbrier, WV St. Louis Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Lyon County, KY St. Louis Prarie du Rocher, IL Randolf County, IL St. Louis Somerset, KY Pulaski County, KY St. Louis St. Genevieve, MO St. Louis St. Louis, MO Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO St. Louis Waterloo, IL Monroe County, IL Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA nitida Keokuk nitida nitida Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY 96 Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya species nitida nitida nitida nitida nitida nitida nitida nitida ocellata ocellata Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Locality Available Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Cystodictya ocellata Keokuk Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya ocellata ocellata ocellata ocellata ocellata ocellata ocellata ocellata ocellata ocellata ocellata pustulosa pustulosa Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Caney Creek, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Cystodictya pustulosa Keokuk Button Mole Knob, 97 County Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Russell County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya pustulosa pustulosa pustulosa pustulosa pustulosa pustulosa pustulosa pustulosa pustulosa pustulosa pustulosa pustulosa pustulosa pustulosa pustulosa pustulosa pustulosa simulans simulans Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Warsaw Keokuk Keokuk Cystodictya simulans Keokuk Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya simulans simulans simulans simulans simulans Locality Available KY Celina, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Greene County, IL Jackson County, TN Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Livingston, TN Nauvoo, IL Overton County, TN Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO 98 County Clay County, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Greene County, IL Jackson County, TN Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Overton County, TN Hancock County, IL Overton County, TN Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hardin County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya species simulans simulans simulans simulans simulans simulans simulans Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Waverly Waverly Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya simulans simulans simulans simulans simulans simulans xxx Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya xxx xxx xxx Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya xxx zigzag zigzag Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Chester- Paradise fmt, 5th Mooney Falls Mooney Falls St. Louis- Unnamed group Thunder Springs Keokuk Keokuk Cystodictya zigzag Keokuk Cystodictya Cystodictya zigzag zigzag Keokuk Keokuk Locality Available Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Paradise, AZ County Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Cochise County, AZ Mohave County, AZ Yavapai County, AZ Paradise, AZ Mohave County, AZ Yavapai County, AZ Cochise County, AZ Yavapai County, AZ Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Yavapai County, AZ Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL 99 Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya species zigzag zigzag zigzag zigzag zigzag zigzag zigzag zigzag zigzag zigzag Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Waverly Waverly Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Cystodictya Dekayia zigzag zigzag zigzag zigzag zigzag zigzag intervacara Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Visean- Early Locality Available Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Kuznets Basin Dekayia ramosa Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Dekayia ramosa Kuznets Basin Dekayia vana Dekayia varionodata TourinaseanTaikohskoe late TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Dichotrypa bifurcata Chester Anna, IL 100 Kuznets Basin County Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Union County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa species bifurcata bifurcata bifurcata bifurcata Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa bifurcata bifurcata bifurcata bifurcata bifurcata bifurcata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Dichotrypa Dichotrypa bifurcata bifurcata Chester Chester Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa bifurcata bifurcata bifurcata bifurcata bifurcata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Dichotrypa bifurcata Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Dichotrypa bifurcata Chester Stepensport, KY Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa elegans elegans elegans St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN 101 Locality Available Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Dichotrypa Dichotrypa elegans elegans St. Louis St. Louis Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa elegans elegans elegans St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa elegans elegans elegans elegans elegans elegans St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Jersey County, IL Lyon, KY Monroe County, IL Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY St. Genevieve, MO Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa elegans elegans elegans St. Louis, MO Waterloo, IL Paradise, AZ Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa expatiata expatiata expatiata St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis- Unnamed group St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Dichotrypa Dichotrypa expatiata expatiata St. Louis St. Louis Dichotrypa expatiata St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY 102 Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN County TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV Jersey County, IL Lyon County, KY Monroe County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO Monroe County, IL Cochise County, AZ Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Dichotrypa Dichotrypa species expatiata expatiata Rock Unit St. Louis St. Louis Locality Available Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY St. Genevieve, MO County Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa expatiata expatiata expatiata expatiata St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Lower Carboniferous Lyon County, KY Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO St. Louis, MO St. Louis County, MO Waterloo, IL Monroe County, IL Turkestan Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa expatiata expatiata expatiata flabellum Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa flabellum flabellum flabellum St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN Dichotrypa Dichotrypa flabellum flabellum St. Louis St. Louis Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa flabellum flabellum flabellum St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Dichotrypa Dichotrypa flabellum flabellum St. Louis St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Prarie du Rocher, IL Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV 103 Lyon County, KY Randolf County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Dichotrypa Dichotrypa species flabellum flabellum Rock Unit St. Louis St. Louis Locality Available Somerset, KY Spergen, IN Dichotrypa flabellum St. Louis St. Genevieve, MO Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa flabellum flabellum fragilis St. Louis St. Louis Lower Carboniferous St. Louis, MO Waterloo, IL Barrington Tops Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa intermedia intermedia intermedia St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN Dichotrypa Dichotrypa intermedia intermedia St. Louis St. Louis Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa intermedia intermedia intermedia St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa intermedia intermedia intermedia intermedia St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY St. Genevieve, MO Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa intermedia intermedia intermedia St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis County Pulaski County, KY Washington County, IN Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO Monroe County, IL NSW, AU Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV Lyon County, KY Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO St. Louis, MO St. Louis County, MO Waterloo, IL Monroe County, IL 104 Table 4, cont’d Genus Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa species lyroides lyroides lyroides Rock Unit St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Locality Available Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN Dichotrypa Dichotrypa lyroides lyroides St. Louis St. Louis Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa lyroides lyroides lyroides St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa lyroides lyroides lyroides lyroides St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY St. Genevieve, MO Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa lyroides lyroides tiberica St. Louis St. Louis Lower Carboniferous Dichotrypa tiberica-ramosa Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Dichotrypa turkestanica Lower Carboniferous Dichotrypa Dichotrypa xxx xxx Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR 105 St. Louis, MO Waterloo, IL County Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV Lyon County, KY Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO Monroe County, IL Turkestan Table 4, cont’d Genus Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa species xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Rock Unit Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Locality Available Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dichotrypa Dictyoretmon xxx xxx xxx xxx burlingtinense Mooney Falls Mooney Falls Thunder Springs Warsaw Burlington Mohave County, AZ Yavapai County, AZ Mohave County, AZ Diplopora Diploporaria Diploporaria bifurcata bifurcata marginalis Chester Chester Asbian Diploporaria Diploporaria Diploporaria Diploporaria marginalis tenella tenella xxx Diploporaria xxx Diploporaria xxx Diploporaria xxx Asbian- Glencar ls Asbian- Glencar ls Carrick Lough Asbian- Glencar ls Arundian- Codroy group Port au Port, Newfoundland Asbian Redesdale, Northumberland Port au Port, Dinantian- Codroy group Newfoundland Holkerian- Codroy Port au Port, group Newfoundland Burlington, IA Chester, IL Redesdale, Northumberland 106 County Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Mohave County, AZ Yavapai County, AZ Mohave County, AZ Hardin County, IL Des Moines County, IA Randolf County, IL Illinois Basin Northumberland, Eng Fermanagh County Fermanagh County Fermanagh County Port au Port, NL Northumberland, Eng Port au Port, NL Port au Port, NL Table 4, cont’d Genus Dybowskiella species crestentica Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Monto County QLD, AU Dybowskiella gansuensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Dybowskiella gansuensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Dybowskiella lebedewi Visean doneckni Dybowskiella pseudosepta Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Rostov Oblast, Russia Gansu Province, China Dybowskiella rhomboidea Lower Carboniferous Taree Parish NSW, AU Dybowskiella speciosa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Dyscitella xxx Keokuk- Borden Group Crawfordsville, IN Dyscritella ambigua Lower Carboniferous Lanarkshire Montgomery County, IN Lanarkshire Dyscritella Dyscritella Dyscritella ambigua ambigua funnelformis Visean Visean Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Pembrokeshire S of Warren Chouniugou 107 Pembrokeshire Cheshire, Eng Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Dyscritella species funnelformis Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Dyscritella Dyscritella miliaria miliaria Asbian- Glencar ls Tournasian Dyscritella multifida Lower Carboniferous Dyscritella nana Lower Carboniferous Archerbeck Borehole Dumfries, Scotland Dyscritella Dyscritella Dyscritella Dyscritella Dyscritella nana nana tyronei xxx xxx Tournasian Tournasian Visean- Upper Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls King Water Dyscritella Dyscritella Dyscritella Dyscritella Dyscritella xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Dyscritella xxx Lower Carboniferous Dyscritella xxx Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Cumbria, Eng Cumberland Tyrone County Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan 108 Locality Available Houeishan Redesdale, Northumberland County Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Fermanagh County Northumberland, Eng Limerick County Tullaghoge Table 4, cont’d Genus Dyscritella species xxx Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Chouniugou County Gansu Province, China Dyscritella xxx Visean- Akiyoshi ls Akiyoshi, Japan Dyscritella xxx Visean- Lower(Hina ls) Dyscritella Eodyscritella Eodyscritella Eridopora xxx clatrata clatrata macrostoma Visean- Shale Tourinasean Tourinasean Arundian- Ashfell sst 54 km W of Okayama, Japan Pahang, Malaysia Central Kazakhstan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Okayama Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Pahang, Malaysia Central Kazakhstan Central Kazakhstan Cumbria, Eng Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora macrostoma macrostoma macrostoma macrostoma macrostoma Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora macrostoma macrostoma macrostoma macrostoma macrostoma macrostoma Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Eridopora Eridopora macrostoma macrostoma Chester Chester 109 Ashfell edge Cumbria Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora macrostoma macrostoma macrostoma macrostoma macrostoma Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Eridopora macrostoma Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Eridopora macrostoma Chester Stepensport, KY Eridopora Eridopora macrostoma macrostoma Chester Chester- Glen Dean Eridopora Eridopora macrostoma macrostoma Eridopora Eridopora macrostoma macrostoma Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Chester-Glen Dean Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Eridopora macrostoma Eridopora Eridopora Paradise, AZ County OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Breckenridge County, KY Perry County, IN Cochise County, AZ Crane, IN Chouniugou Martin County, IN Gansu Province, China Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan macrostoma Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China macrostoma Pendleian- Main ls Hurst, North 110 North Yorkshire Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Eridopora macrostoma Visean Locality Available Yorkshire doneckni Eridopora macrostoma Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Eridopora macrostoma Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Eridopora occidentalis Paradise, AZ Eridopora ovalis Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Eridopora ovalis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora punctifera punctifera punctifera punctifera punctifera Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora punctifera punctifera punctifera punctifera punctifera punctifera Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY 111 County Rostov Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Cochise County, AZ Table 4, cont’d Genus Eridopora Eridopora species punctifera punctifera Rock Unit Chester Chester Locality Available Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora punctifera punctifera punctifera punctifera punctifera Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Eridopora punctifera Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Eridopora punctifera Chester Stepensport, KY Eridopora qilianshanensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Eridopora qilianshanensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Eridopora qilianshanensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Eridopora qilianshanensis amplusa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Eridopora qilianshanensis amplusa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China 112 County Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Gansu Province, China Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Eridopora Eridopora species radiata singula Rock Unit Chester Tournaisian Locality Available Carter County, OK Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora Eridopora stellata xxx xxx xxx xxx Carter County, OK Reid Gap, AR Eridopora xxx Chester Chester- Bangor Ls Chester- Bangor ls Chester- Haney ls Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Eridopora xxx Eridopora Sulphur, IN Paradise, AZ County Carter County, OK Swietokrzyskie Province, Poland Carter County, OK Blount County, AL Blount County, AL Crawford County, IN Cochise County, AZ Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China XXX Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Eridotrypa carbonaria Lower Carboniferous Supei Eulyra alalensis Visean- Ishim hor Eulyra karatuzensis Visean- Ishim hor Eulyra typica Visean- Ishim hor Europora Europora Europora bilaminata bilaminata peculiaris Shaodong fmt Shaodong fmt Shaodong fmt Betpak-dala desert, Kazak Betpak-dala desert, Kazak Betpak-dala desert, Kazak Longhui Shaodong Shaodong Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kansu Province, China Qaraghandy, Kazakhstan Qaraghandy, Kazakhstan Qaraghandy, Kazakhstan Hunan, China Hunan, China Hunan, China 113 Table 4, cont’d Genus Europora species similomesoporis Rock Unit Shaodong fmt Locality Available Shaodong County Hunan, China Europora Europora Euthyrhombopora Euthyrhombopora Euthyrhombopora Euthyrhombopora Evactinopora unilaminata unilaminata barbara diaphragmata hunanensis tripullula grandis Shaodong fmt Shaodong fmt Tournasean- upper Liuiatang fmt Mengkungao fmt Mengkungao fmt Burlington Longhui Shaodong SE Armenia Longhui Daoxian Daoxian Burlington, IA Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora grandis grandis grandis grandis grandis grandis Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Calhoun County, IL Hannibal, MO Louisiana, MO Montezuma, IL Quincy, IL Sagetown, IL Evactinopora irregularis Lower Carboniferous Mundowran Hunan, China Hunan, China SE Armenia Hunan, China Hunan, China Hunan, China Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Marion County, MO Pike County, MO Pike County, IL Adams County, IL Henderson County, IL QLD, AU Evactinopora quinqueradiata Burlington Burlington, IA Evactinopora quinqueradiata Burlington Calhoun County, IL Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Evactinopora quinqueradiata Burlington Montezuma, IL Pike County, IL Evactinopora quinqueradiata Burlington Quincy, IL Adams County, IL 114 Table 4, cont’d Genus Evactinopora species quinqueradiata Rock Unit Burlington Locality Available Sagetown, IL Evactinopora Evactinopora radiata radiata Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Evactinopora radiata Keokuk Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora radiata radiata radiata radiata radiata radiata radiata radiata radiata radiata sexradiata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Burlington Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Burlington, IA Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora Evactinopora sexradiata sexradiata sexradiata sexradiata sexradiata Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Calhoun County, IL Louisiana, MO Montezuma, IL Quincy, IL Sagetown, IL Evactinopora trifoliata Lower Carboniferous Glen William Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Pike County, MO Pike County, IL Adams County, IL Henderson County, IL NSW, AU Exfenestella exigua Keokuk Celina, TN Clay County, TN 115 County Henderson County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Exfenestella Exfenestella Exfenestella Exfenestella Exfenestella Exfenestella Exfenestella Exfenestella Fabifenestella Fabifenestella Fenestella species exigua exigua exigua exigua exigua exigua fidelis ignota vulgaris vulgaris abyschevoensis Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Warsaw- Ullin ls Carboniferous- Early Carboniferous- Early Carboniferous- Early Chester- Otter Fmt Tourinasean- early Locality Available Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Jackson County, TN Livingston, TN Overton County, TN Ullin, IL Fenestella Fenestella acarinata aequalis Tooele County, UT Boone County, MO Fenestella aequalis Cooper County, MO Cooper County, MO Fenestella aequalis Pettis County, MO Pettis County, MO Fenestella Fenestella albida albida Humbug ftn Burlington-Chouteau Group Burlington-Chouteau Group Burlington-Chouteau Group Waverly Waverly County Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Jackson County, TN Overton County, TN Overton County, TN Pulaski County, IL Mongolia Mongolia Mongolia Cascade County, MT Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Tooele County, UT Boone County, MO Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella albida albida albida albida albida albida Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH 116 Armington, MT Kuznets Basin Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species alexinensis Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Fenestella alexinensis Lower CarboniferousAleksinsky Horizon Fenestella Fenestella alexinensis alternata Fenestella alternata Fenestella alternata Fenestella ampla Visean Burlington-Chouteau Group Burlington-Chouteau Group Burlington-Chouteau Group Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Fenestella ampla Lower CarboniferousTarusky Horizon Fenestella ampla Visean Don Basin Fenestella Fenestella ampla ampla Visean Visean podmoskovnii voronezskii Fenestella ampla Visean- Late Fenestella angusta Lower Carboniferousgrey arenaceous schists Central Don River, Russia Dobsina, Slovakia 117 Locality Available County Xianza, Tibet Russian Platform podmoskovnii Boone County, MO Russian Platform Boone County, MO Cooper County, MO Cooper County, MO Pettis County, MO Pettis County, MO Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Russian Platform Rostov Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Voronezskaya Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Kosice Region, Slovakia Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species angustata Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available County Pahang, Malaysia Fenestella Fenestella angustata angustata Visean Visean Pahang, Malaysia Rothwaltersdorf in Schlesien Pahang, Malaysia Silesia, Poland Fenestella angustata Fenestella anhorica Visean- Sungi Terapai Shale Lower Carboniferous Fenestella Fenestella aperta aperta Waverly Waverly Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella aperta aperta aperta aperta aperta aperta asiatica Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Lower CarboniferousStesevsky Horizon Fenestella Fenestella asiatica astjensis Visean Tourinasean- early podmoskovnii Kuznets Basin Fenestella aydagarlensis Tourinasean Central Kazakhstan Fenestella aydagarlensis Tourinasean 118 Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Kuantan, NE Pahang, Malaya Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Russian Platform Russian Platform Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Central Kazakhstan Central Kazakhstan Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella species banyana banyana banyana banyana Rock Unit St. Louis Warsaw Waverly Waverly Locality Available St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH County St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Russian Platform Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella banyana banyana banyana banyana banyana banyana benskiensis Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Lower CarboniferousTarusky Horizon Fenestella Fenestella benskiensis beschevensis Visean Visean podmoskovnii doneckni beschevensis Visean Weining Fenestella bicellulata Asbian Redesdale, Northumberland Russian Platform Rostov Oblast, Russia Guizhou Province, China Northumberland, Eng Fenestella Fenestella bicellulata Visean Fenestella binodosa Visean Fenestella bitenax Namurian Fenestella brownei TournaseanBingleburra Tarusk Horizon 119 Lewinsbrook, NSW East Kilbride, Scotland Vologda Oblast, Russia Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan NSW, AU Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species buguniensis Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available County Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Morioka Province, Japan Fenestella buguniensis Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Fenestella burlingtonensis Burlington Burlington, IA burlingtonensis Burlington Calhoun County, IL Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Fenestella Fenestella burlingtonensis Burlington Montezuma, IL Pike County, IL Fenestella burlingtonensis Burlington Quincy, IL Adams County, IL Fenestella burlingtonensis Burlington Sagetown, IL Fenestella burlingtonensis Chester Henderson County, IL Illinois Basin Fenestella burlingtonensis Chester- Glen Dean Leopold, IN Perry County, IN Fenestella burlingtonensis Waverly Burbank, OH Wayne County, OH Fenestella burlingtonensis Waverly Fenestella burlingtonensis Waverly Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Fenestella burlingtonensis Waverly Lodi, OH Medina County, OH 120 Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species burlingtonensis Rock Unit Waverly Locality Available Moots Run, OH County Licking County, OH Fenestella burlingtonensis Waverly Newark, OH Licking County, OH Fenestella burlingtonensis Waverly Richfield, OH Summit County, OH Fenestella burlingtonensis Waverly Sciotoville, OH Scioto County, OH Fenestella carinata Lower Carboniferous Archerbeck Borehole Dumfries, Scotland Fenestella Fenestella cavernosa cavernosa Waverly Waverly Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella cavernosa cavernosa cavernosa cavernosa cavernosa cavernosa cellulosa cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Visean- Shale Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Pahang, Malaysia Anna, IL Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Carter County, OK Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Pahang, Malaysia Madison County, IL Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Carter County, OK Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY 121 Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella species cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Fenestella Fenestella cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Fenestella cestriensis Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Fenestella cestriensis Chester Stepensport, KY Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester-Glen Dean Lower Carboniferous Brachville, IN Eckerty, IN Crane, IN Fenestella cestriensis Lower Carboniferous 122 Locality Available Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Perry County, IN Crawford County, IN Martin County, IN Turkestan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species cestriensis Rock Unit Tourinasean- Late Locality Available Kuznets Basin Fenestella cestriensis Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Fenestella chengqianggouensis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella chengqianggouensis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella chengqianggouensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Fenestella chengqianggouensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Fenestella chengqianggouensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Fenestella Fenestella chesterensis chotoshinensis Chester Lower CarboniferousVenevsky Horizon Carter County, OK Carter County, OK Russian Platform Fenestella chotoshinensis Visean podmoskovnii Russian Platform Fenestella chouniugouensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China 123 Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Houeishan County Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species chouniugouensis Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Houeishan County Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Fenestella chouniugouensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Gansu Province, China Fenestella chouniugouensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Mt. Qilian Gansu Province, China Fenestella chouniugouensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Fenestella Fenestella cingulata cingulata Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Fenestella cingulata Keokuk Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella cingulata cingulata cingulata cingulata cingulata cingulata cingulata cingulata cingulata cingulata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY 124 Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species cingulata Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella compressa compressa compressa Chester Keokuk Keokuk Pulaski County, KY Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Fenestella compressa Keokuk Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Button Mole Knob, KY Celina, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Greene County, IL Jackson County, TN Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Livingston, TN Nauvoo, IL Overton County, TN Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Lake Bashkal Fenestella compressa Lower Carboniferous 125 County Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Pulaski County, KY Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clay County, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Greene County, IL Jackson County, TN Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Overton County, TN Hancock County, IL Overton County, TN Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Eastern Kazakhstan Turkestan Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species compressa Rock Unit Visean Locality Available Kleinobs bei Velbert Fenestella compressa Visean Fenestella Fenestella Visean- Shale Lower Carboniferous Fenestella compressa compressaaksaensis compressakaindiensis confusa Rothwaltersdorf in Schlesien Pahang, Malaysia Fenestella corpulenta Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Fenestella corpulenta Kuznets Basin Fenestella corpulenta Fenestella crassistereoma TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Fenestella cribriformis Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella crockfordae cumingsi cumingsi cumingsi delicata Humbug ftn Chester Chester Chester Waverly Fenestella Lower Carboniferous Lower Carboniferous 126 Kuznets Basin County North RhineWestphalia, Germany Silesia, Poland Pahang, Malaysia Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Morioka Province, Japan Morioka Province, Japan Tooele County, UT Carter County, OK Langston Gap, AL Burbank, OH Tooele County, UT Carter County, OK Jackson County, AL Illinois Basin Wayne County, OH Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species delicata Rock Unit Waverly Locality Available Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Daoxian Shaodong Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Chouniugou County Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Hunan, China Hunan, China Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Gansu Province, China Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella delicata delicata delicata delicata delicata delicata densimura densimura diaporata Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Mengkungao fmt Mengkungao fmt Lower Carboniferous Fenestella diaporata Lower Carboniferous Fenestella diaporata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Fenestella diaporata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan diaporata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Fenestella Fenestella dissepinodaria Great Blue ls Tooele County, UT Fenestella donaica Lower Carboniferous 127 Tooele County, UT Donets'ka, Ukraine Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species donaica Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Fenestella donaica Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Fenestella donaica Lower Carboniferous Xianza, Tibet Fenestella donaica Lower CarboniferousTarusky Horizon Russian Platform Fenestella donaica Lower Carboniferousupper Baxoi County, Tibet Fenestella donaica Lower Carboniferousupper Markan County, Tibet Fenestella donaica Lower Carboniferousupper Rutog County, Tibet Fenestella donaica Lower Carboniferousupper Zogang County, Tibet Fenestella donaica Visean Don Basin Fenestella Fenestella donaica donaica Visean Visean podmoskovnii voronezskii Fenestella donaica Visean- Late Central Don River, Russia 128 Locality Available County Poltavs'ka, Ukraine Rostov Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Voronezskaya Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species donaiciformis Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Mt. Qilian County Gansu Province, China Fenestella ejuncida Lower Carboniferous Archerbeck Borehole Dumfries, Scotland Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella elevatipora elevatipora elevatipora elevatipora elevatipora Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella elevatipora elevatipora elevatipora elevatipora elevatipora elevatipora Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Fenestella Fenestella elevatipora elevatipora Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella elevatipora elevatipora elevatipora elevatipora elevatipora Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Fenestella elevatipora Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY 129 Livingston County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Fenestella elevatipora Chester Stepensport, KY Fenestella Fenestella elevatipora erkovae Chester Lower CarboniferousStesevsky Horizon Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella erkovae exigua exigua exigua exigua exigua exigua Visean Chester Chester Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Lower Carboniferous Fenestella exigua Lower CarboniferousStesevsky Horizon Fenestella exigua Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Fenestella Fenestella exigua exigua Visean Visean- Early podmoskovnii Kuznets Basin Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella exigua exigua exigua Warsaw Waverly Waverly Fenestella exigua Waverly Monroe County, IL Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI 130 podmoskovnii Carter County, OK Brachville, IN Eckerty, IN Leopold, IN County KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Russian Platform Russian Platform Carter County, OK Illinois Basin Perry County, IN Crawford County, IN Perry County, IN Turkestan Russian Platform Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Monroe County, IL Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella species exigua exigua exigua exigua exigua fabagina Rock Unit Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Visean- Early Locality Available Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Kuznets Basin Fenestella fabagina Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Fenestella fabagina Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Fenestella ferganensis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella filistriata Burlington Burlington, IA Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella filistriata filistriata filistriata filistriata filistriata Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Calhoun County, IL Montezuma, IL Montezuma, IL Quincy, IL Sagetown, IL Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella filistriata filistriata filistriata filistriata filistriata filistriata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Celina, TN Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Jackson County, TN Livingston, TN Overton County, TN 131 County Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Turkestan Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Pike County, IL Pike County, MO Adams County, IL Henderson County, IL Clay County, TN Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Jackson County, TN Overton County, TN Overton County, TN Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species firma Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella fiunicula flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa foliata foliata Keokuk Chester Chester Chester Waverly Waverly Keokuk, IA Chester, IL Pulaski County, KY Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella foliata foliata foliata foliata foliata foliata frutex Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Asbian Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella frutex frutex frutex frutex frutex frutex funicula funicula Chester Chester Visean Visean Visean Warsaw- Ullin ls Keokuk Keokuk Fenestella funicula Keokuk Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Redesdale, Northumberland Carter County, OK Langston Gap, AL Ullin, IL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Button Mole Knob, KY 132 County Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Lee County, IA Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Illinois Basin Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Northumberland, Eng Carter County, OK Jackson County, AL Ayshire, Scotland Dungannon County Wexford County Pulaski County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella species funicula funicula funicula funicula funicula funicula funicula funicula funicula funicula funicula Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL County Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Xianza, Tibet Fenestella gansuensis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella gansuensis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella gansuensis major Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Gansu Province, China Fenestella gracilis Visean North RhineWestphalia, Germany Fenestella gresfordensis Fenestella grumulosa Kuznets Basin Fenestella Fenestella hamithensis hemispherica TournaseanBingleburra TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Humbug ftn Chester Steinbruch Oberbusch bei Ratingen Lewinsbrook, NSW Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Utah County, UT Jackson County, AL 133 Utah County, UT Langston Gap, AL NSW, AU Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella species hemispherica hemispherica hemitrypa herniosa Rock Unit Visean Visean Warsaw Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Little Island Fenestella herniosa Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Fenestella herniosa Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Fenestella Fenestella herrickana herrickana Waverly Waverly Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella herrickana herrickana herrickana herrickana herrickana herrickana hikoroichiensis Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Fenestella huaitoutalensis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella huaitoutalensis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella Fenestella incipiens incognita Deseret ls Visean 134 County Cork County Sligo County St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Utah County, UT Tarusk Horizon Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Morioka Province, Japan Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Utah County, UT Vologda Oblast, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Fenestella ingloria Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Fenestella inviolata Namurian Fenestella irinae Lower Carboniferous Fenestella irregularis Tournaisian Fenestella ivanovi Asbian Fenestella Fenestella ivanovi juxtaserratula Chester Tourinasean- early Fenestella kalbensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Fenestella karagandensis Lower Carboniferous Lake Bashkal Fenestella karakubensis Lower CarboniferousStesevsky Horizon Fenestella karakunbensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Mt. Qilian Gansu Province, China Fenestella karakunbensis Visean doneckni Rostov Oblast, Russia 135 Wasserfall bei Velbert Redesdale, Northumberland Langston Gap, AL Kuznets Basin County Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan North RhineWestphalia, Germany Northumberland, Eng Jackson County, AL Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Gansu Province, China Eastern Kazakhstan Russian Platform Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species karakunbensis Rock Unit Visean Locality Available podmoskovnii County Russian Platform Fenestella karakunbensis ornata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Mt. Qilian Gansu Province, China Fenestella karatauensis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella Fenestella kawadae khozhainovi Visean- Shale Visean Pahang, Malaysia Tarusk Horizon Fenestella Fenestella kondrovensis kotlukovi Visean Lower CarboniferousTarusky Horizon podmoskovnii Fenestella Fenestella kotlukovi legibilis podmoskovnii Kuznets Basin Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella levigata levigata limbata Visean TourinaseanTaikohskoe early Liuiatang fmt Shihtengtze fmt Lower CarboniferousStesevsky Horizon Fenestella limbata Visean Don Basin Fenestella Fenestella limbata limbata Visean Visean- Late podmoskovnii Central Don River, Russia 136 Lianyuan Lianyuan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Pahang, Malaysia Vologda Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Russian Platform Russian Platform Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Hunan, China Hunan, China Russian Platform Rostov Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Volgograd Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species liminodata Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Fenestella liminodata Lower Carboniferous Fenestella Fenestella limitaris limitaris Keokuk Keokuk Fenestella limitaris Keokuk Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella limitaris limitaris limitaris limitaris limitaris limitaris limitaris limitaris limitaris limitaris liujiachongensis Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Mengkungao fmt Fenestella Fenestella lodiensis lodiensis Waverly Waverly Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella lodiensis lodiensis lodiensis lodiensis Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Locality Available Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Shaodong Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH 137 County Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hunan, China Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella species lodiensis lodiensis longacella Rock Unit Waverly Waverly Visean- Early Tom Locality Available Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Kuznets Basin Fenestella longacella Visean- Late Tom Kuznets Basin Fenestella longacella Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Fenestella Lower Carboniferous Fenestella longacellacecikensis longacella subsp. Minor longacellaturlanensis luzhkiensis Fenestella Fenestella luzhkiensis major Visean Lower CarboniferousVenevsky Horizon podmoskovnii Russian Platform Russian Platform Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella major matheri matheri matheri matheri maximovae Visean Chester Chester Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean TourinaseanTaikohskoe late podmoskovnii Langston Gap, AL Russian Platform Jackson County, AL Illinois Basin Perry County, IN Crawford County, IN Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Fenestella Fenestella TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Lower Carboniferous Kuznets Basin Lower CarboniferousStesevsky Horizon 138 Brachville, IN Eckerty, IN Kuznets Basin County Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Russian Platform Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species media Rock Unit Tourinasean- Late Locality Available Kuznets Basin Fenestella media Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Fenestella mediaformis Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Fenestella Fenestella meekana meekana Waverly Waverly Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella meekana meekana meekana meekana meekana meekana meganeta Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Lower Carboniferous Fenestella meganeta Lower Carboniferous Fenestella meganeta Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Chouniugou Fenestella michaeli Fenestella michaylovensis Lower Carboniferousgrey arenaceous schists Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn 139 County Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Gansu Province, China Dobsina, Slovakia Kosice Region, Slovakia Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species michaylovensis Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Fenestella michaylovensis Lower CarboniferousMisailovsky Horizon Fenestella michaylovensis Visean podmoskovnii Russian Platform Fenestella Fenestella mimica minor Chester Lower CarboniferousAleksinsky Horizon Carter County, OK Carter County, OK Russian Platform Fenestella minor Visean Don Basin Fenestella Fenestella minor minor Visean Visean podmoskovnii voronezskii Fenestella minor Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Fenestella minor Visean- Late Fenestella minor sinensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Central Don River, Russia Chouniugou Rostov Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Voronezskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Gansu Province, China Fenestella minor sinensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn 140 Locality Available Houeishan County Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Russian Platform Xiehau Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species mirabilis Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Fenestella miracula Kuznets Basin Fenestella miranda TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Lower CarboniferousTul'sky Horizon Fenestella miranda Visean Don Basin Fenestella miranda Visean voronezskii Fenestella miranda Visean- Early Central Don River, Russia Fenestella missouriensis Lower Carboniferous Rostov Oblast, Russia Voronezskaya Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Donets'ka, Ukraine Fenestella missouriensis Lower Carboniferous Poltavs'ka, Ukraine Fenestella Fenestella morrowensis morrowensis Carter County, OK Paradise, AZ Fenestella mstensis Chester Chester- Paradise fmt, 5th Lower CarboniferousTarusky Horizon Fenestella Fenestella mstensis multispinoformis Visean Shaodong fmt podmoskovnii Shaodong Russian Platform Hunan, China Fenestella multispinosa Asbian Redesdale, Northumberland Northumberland, Eng 141 County Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Carter County, OK Cochise County, AZ Russian Platform Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella species multispinosa multispinosa Locality Available multispinosa multispinosa Rock Unit Chester Chester- Moorefield Shale Chester- Paradise fmt, 5th Keokuk Keokuk Fenestella multispinosa Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella multispinosa Keokuk Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella multispinosa multispinosa multispinosa multispinosa multispinosa multispinosa multispinosa multispinosa multispinosa multispinosa multispinosa Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Lake Bashkal Fenestella multispinosa Lower Carboniferous Fenestella multispinosa Lower Carboniferous Fenestella multispinosa Lower Carboniferous 142 Spring Creek, MO Paradise, AZ Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains County Illinois Basin Independence County, AR Cochise County, AZ Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Eastern Kazakhstan Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Turkestan Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species multispinosa Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Fenestella multispinosa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Fenestella multispinosa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Fenestella multispinosa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Fenestella multispinosa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Fenestella multispinosa Lower CarboniferousTul'sky Horizon Fenestella multispinosa Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Fenestella multispinosa Kuznets Basin Fenestella multispinosa Fenestella multispinosa TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean Fenestella Fenestella multispinosa multispinosa Visean Visean- Early 143 County Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Gansu Province, China Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Gansu Province, China Russian Platform Kuznets Basin Don Basin podmoskovnii Central Don River, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Rostov Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Volgograd Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species multispinosa Rock Unit Visean- Early Locality Available Kuznets Basin Fenestella multispinosa Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Fenestella multispinosa Visean- Late Tom Kuznets Basin Fenestella multispinosa Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Fenestella muromcevi Visean- Late Tom Kuznets Basin Fenestella muromskensis Visean Tarusk Horizon Fenestella narynica Lower Carboniferous Lake Bashkal Fenestella narynica Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Fenestella narynica Lower Carboniferous Fenestella narynica terectiensis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella nerutshensis Lower CarboniferousTarusky Horizon Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Russian Platform Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella nerutshensis nododorsalis nododorsalis Visean Keokuk Keokuk podmoskovnii Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Fenestella nododorsalis Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY 144 County Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Vologda Oblast, Russia Eastern Kazakhstan Russian Platform Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella species nododorsalis nododorsalis nododorsalis nododorsalis nododorsalis nododorsalis nododorsalis nododorsalis nododorsalis nododorsalis nododorsalis Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Lake Bashkal County Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Eastern Kazakhstan Fenestella nododorsalis flata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Fenestella nododorsalis flata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Fenestella nododorsalis flata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Gansu Province, China Fenestella notabilis Kuznets Basin Fenestella notabilis Fenestella oblongata TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Burlington-Chouteau Group Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Boone County, MO 145 Kuznets Basin Boone County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species oblongata Fenestella Fenestella oculata ofunatoensis Fenestella okensis Lower CarboniferousAleksinsky Horizon Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella okensis ovatipora paeckelmanni Visean Chester Tournaisian Fenestella Tournaisian Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella paeckelmanni trapezoidea paeckelmanni trapezoidea pahangensis paradisensis paradisensis paradisensis parallela Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella parallela parallela plebeia Fenestella Rock Unit Burlington-Chouteau Group Tournasian Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Visean Visean- Shale Chester Chester Chester Burlington-Chouteau Group Chester Deseret ls Asbian 146 Locality Available Cooper County, MO County Cooper County, MO Waterford County Morioka Province, Japan Russian Platform podmoskovnii Carter County, OK Wasserfall bei Velbert Wasserfall bei Velbert Wasserfall bei Velbert Pahang, Malaysia Carter County, OK Langston Gap, AL Boone County, MO Langston Gap, AL Utah County, UT Redesdale, Northumberland Russian Platform Carter County, OK North RhineWestphalia, Germany North RhineWestphalia, Germany North RhineWestphalia, Germany Pahang, Malaysia Carter County, OK Jackson County, AL Illinois Basin Boone County, MO Jackson County, AL Utah County, UT Northumberland, Eng Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species plebeia Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Fenestella plebeia Lower Carboniferous Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella plebeia plebeia plebeia plebeia plebeia Ennisken Killala Fenestella plebey longifenestella Visean Visean Visean Visean Visean- Sungi Terapai Shale Visean Fenestella Fenestella plebia plebja Pahang, Malaysia Dobsina, Slovakia Pahang, Malaysia Kosice Region, Slovakia Fenestella Fenestella pluriramosa pluriserispinodata Visean Lower Carboniferousgrey arenaceous schists Shaodong fmt Mengkungao fmt Shaodong Shaodong Hunan, China Hunan, China Fenestella Fenestella polynodosa polyporata Tournasian Asbian Hook Head Redesdale, Northumberland Wexford County Northumberland, Eng Fenestella polyporata Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Fenestella polyporata Lower CarboniferousVenevsky Horizon Russian Platform 147 Locality Available County Donets'ka, Ukraine Poltavs'ka, Ukraine doneckni Northern Ireland Killala County Dalry County Kildare County Kuantan, NE Pahang, Malaya Rostov Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella species polyporata polyporata polyporata polyporata polyporata polyporata polyporata polyporata Rock Unit Visean Visean Visean Visean Visean Visean Visean- Shale Visean- Sungi Terapai Shale Visean Lower CarboniferousTarusky Horizon Locality Available Pahang, Malaysia podmoskovnii Fenestella Fenestella polysepta polyseptata Fenestella postmiracula Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Fenestella praeforaminosa Lower CarboniferousStesevsky Horizon Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Fenestella praeforaminosa Visean podmoskovnii Russian Platform Fenestella praelimbata Lower CarboniferousTul'sky Horizon Fenestella praelimbata Visean Don Basin Fenestella praelimbata Visean voronezskii 148 Pahang, Malaysia podmoskovnii County Pahang, Malaysia Russian Platform Dungannon County Northern Ireland Tyrone County Yorkshire, Eng Pahang, Malaysia Kuantan, NE Pahang, Malaya Russian Platform Russian Platform Russian Platform Rostov Oblast, Russia Voronezskaya Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species praelimbata Rock Unit Visean- Early Fenestella praeminor Tourinasean- Late Fenestella praeminor Fenestella praeminor TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean- Early Fenestella praerhomboidea rhomboidea Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Fenestella praeselistshensis Lower CarboniferousTul'sky Horizon Fenestella praeselistshensis Visean Don Basin Fenestella praeselistshensis Visean podmoskovnii Fenestella protvensis Lower CarboniferousProtvinsky Horizon Fenestella Fenestella protvensis pseudocingulata Visean Lower CarboniferousAleksinsky Horizon podmoskovnii Russian Platform Russian Platform Fenestella pseudocingulata Visean Don Basin Rostov Oblast, Russia 149 Locality Available Central Don River, Russia Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Mt. Qilian County Volgograd Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Gansu Province, China Russian Platform Rostov Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Russian Platform Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species pseudocingulata Rock Unit Visean Locality Available podmoskovnii County Russian Platform Fenestella pseudocingulata Visean voronezskii Fenestella pseudocingulata Visean- Late Central Don River, Russia Fenestella pseudoirregularis Carboniferous- Early Voronezskaya Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Mongolia Fenestella pseudomstensis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella pseudomstensis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella pseudorudis Lower CarboniferousCernysinsky Horizon Fenestella pseudostuckenbergi Lower Carboniferous Fenestella pseudostuckenbergi Lower Carboniferous Fenestella pseudostuckenbergi Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Fenestella pseudostuckenbergi Fenestella pseudostuckenbergi Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Russian Platform Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Gansu Province, China Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Mt. Qilian Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China 150 Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species pseudostuckenbergi Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Fenestella pskemica Lower Carboniferous Fenestella qinghaiensis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella qinghaiensis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella quadradecimalis Visean Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella rarinodosa rectangularis regalis Fenestella regalis Fenestella regalis Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella regalis regalis regalis regalis regalis regalis regalis regalis regalis Humbug ftn Chester Burlington-Chouteau Group Burlington-Chouteau Group Burlington-Chouteau Group Deseret ls Deseret ls Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk 151 Locality Available Xiehau County Gansu Province, China Turkestan Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Ennisken Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Northern Ireland Utah County, UT Boone County, MO Utah County, UT Illinois Basin Boone County, MO Cooper County, MO Cooper County, MO Pettis County, MO Pettis County, MO Tooele County, UT Utah County, UT Caney Creek, KY Celina, TN Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Jackson County, TN Kings Mountain, KY Livingston, TN Tooele County, UT Utah County, UT Russell County, KY Clay County, TN Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Jackson County, TN Lincoln County, KY Overton County, TN Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella species regalis regalis Rock Unit Keokuk Lower CarboniferousStesevsky Horizon Locality Available Overton County, TN County Overton County, TN Russian Platform Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella regalis regalis-macra regalis-macra Visean Keokuk Keokuk podmoskovnii Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Fenestella regalis-macra Keokuk Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella regalis-macra regalis-macra regalis-macra regalis-macra regalis-macra regalis-macra regalis-macra regalis-macra regalis-macra regalis-macra reversinodata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower CarboniferousAleksinsky Horizon Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Russian Platform Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella reversinodata richfieldensis richfieldensis Visean Waverly Waverly Fenestella richfieldensis Waverly podmoskovnii Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI 152 Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Russian Platform Russian Platform Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella species richfieldensis richfieldensis richfieldensis richfieldensis richfieldensis rossica rotunda Locality Available Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Hook Head Boone County, MO County Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Wexford County Boone County, MO Ullin, IL Boone County, MO Pulaski County, IL Boone County, MO Cooper County, MO Cooper County, MO Spring Creek, MO rudis rudis Rock Unit Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Tournasian Burlington-Chouteau Group Warsaw- Ullin ls Burlington-Chouteau Group Burlington-Chouteau Group Chester- Moorefield Shale Keokuk Keokuk Fenestella Fenestella rotunda rudis Fenestella rudis Fenestella rudis Fenestella rudis Keokuk Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella rudis rudis rudis rudis rudis rudis rudis rudis Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY Independence County, AR Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Fenestella Fenestella 153 Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella species rudis rudis rudis Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Fenestella rudis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella rudis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Fenestella rudis Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Fenestella rudis Kuznets Basin Fenestella rudis TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Fenestella rudis Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Fenestella rudis Visean- Late Tom Kuznets Basin Fenestella rudis Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella rudis rudis rudis Warsaw Waverly Waverly Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella rudis rudis rudis rudis Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH 154 Locality Available St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL County Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Turkestan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Hancock County, IL Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella species rudis rudis rudis magna Rock Unit Waverly Waverly Visean- Early Tom Locality Available Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Kuznets Basin Fenestella rudis nekhoroshevi Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Fenestella rudisiformis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella sarytshevae Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Fenestella sarytshevae Lower CarboniferousTarusky Horizon Fenestella sarytshevae Visean Don Basin Fenestella Fenestella sarytshevae sarytshevae Visean Visean podmoskovnii voronezskii Fenestella sarytshevae Visean- Late Central Don River, Russia Fenestella schwetzovi Lower CarboniferousProtvinsky Horizon Fenestella schwetzovi Visean Xianza, Tibet Mt. Qilian Gansu Province, China Russian Platform podmoskovnii 155 County Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Gansu Province, China Rostov Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Voronezskaya Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Russian Platform Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species selistshensis Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousTarusky Horizon Locality Available County Russian Platform Fenestella Fenestella selistshensis serpuchovensis Visean Lower CarboniferousProtvinsky Horizon podmoskovnii Russian Platform Russian Platform Fenestella serpuchovensis Visean podmoskovnii Russian Platform Fenestella serratula Burlington Burlington, IA Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella serratula serratula serratula serratula Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Calhoun County, IL Montezuma, IL Quincy, IL Sagetown, IL Fenestella serratula Boone County, MO Fenestella serratula Cooper County, MO Cooper County, MO Fenestella serratula Pettis County, MO Pettis County, MO Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella serratula serratula serratula serratula serratula serratula Burlington-Chouteau Group Burlington-Chouteau Group Burlington-Chouteau Group Chester Chester Chester Chester-Glen Dean Humbug ftn Keokuk Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Pike County, IL Adams County, IL Henderson County, IL Boone County, MO Carter County, OK Pulaski County, KY Carter County, OK Pulaski County, KY Illinois Basin Martin County, IN Utah County, UT Lee County, IA 156 Crane, IN Utah County, UT Keokuk, IA Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella species serratula serratula serratula serratula Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Monroe County, IL Nauvoo, IL Warsaw, IL Lake Bashkal Fenestella serratula Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Fenestella serratula Lower Carboniferous Xianza, Tibet Fenestella serratula Lower Carboniferous Fenestella serratula Lower CarboniferousTul'sky Horizon Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Russian Platform Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella serratula serratula serratula serratula serratula St. Genevieve St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Fenestella Fenestella serratula serratula St. Louis St. Louis Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella serratula serratula serratula St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Alton, IL Caldwell County, KY Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV 157 County Monroe County, IL Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Eastern Kazakhstan Hardin County, IL Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella species serratula serratula serratula serratula serratula Rock Unit St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Locality Available Lyon County, KY Lyon, KY Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY St. Genevieve, MO Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella serratula serratula serratula St. Louis, MO Waterloo, IL Paradise, AZ Fenestella serratula St. Louis St. Louis Ste. GenevieveParadise fmt, 3rd member Tourinasean Fenestella serratula Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Fenestella serratula Kuznets Basin Fenestella serratula Fenestella Fenestella serratula serratula TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean Visean Fenestella serratula Visean- Early podmoskovnii Rothwaltersdorf in Schlesien Kuznets Basin Fenestella serratula Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Fenestella serratula Visean- Late Tom Kuznets Basin Fenestella serratula Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin 158 Weining Kuznets Basin County Lyon County, KY Lyon County, KY Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO Monroe County, IL Cochise County, AZ Guizhou Province, China Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Silesia, Poland Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella serratula serratula serratula serratula serratula Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Warsaw Warsaw Humbug ftn Fenestella serratula serratula serratulahumbugensis sinomultispinosa Fenestella sinomultispinosa Lower Carboniferous Fenestella sinomultispinosa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Fenestella sinomultispinosa Fenestella Lower Carboniferous Locality Available County Oblast, Russia Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Bureau County, IL Spergen Hill, IN Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Utah County, UT Utah County, UT Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Gansu Province, China Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Gansu Province, China sinopolyporata Lower Carboniferous Fenestella sinopolyporata Lower Carboniferous Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Fenestella sokolskayae Lower CarboniferousCernysinsky Horizon Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Russian Platform 159 Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species sokolskayae Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Fenestella spicata Namurian Fenestella Fenestella spinulosa staminea Chester Visean- Late Tom Fenestella stuckenbergi Lower CarboniferousCernysinsky Horizon Fenestella subabundans Lower CarboniferousStesevsky Horizon Fenestella Fenestella subabundans subbenskiensis Visean Lower CarboniferousAleksinsky Horizon podmoskovnii Russian Platform Russian Platform Fenestella subbenskiensis Visean podmoskovnii Russian Platform Fenestella subminor Lower Carboniferous Fenestella subminor Lower Carboniferous Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Fenestella subprotvensis Lower CarboniferousAleksinsky Horizon Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Russian Platform Fenestella subprotvensis Visean podmoskovnii Russian Platform 160 Locality Available Carter County, OK Kuznets Basin County Morioka Province, Japan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Carter County, OK Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Russian Platform Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species symmetriciformis Rock Unit Visean Locality Available Tarusk Horizon County Vologda Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Fenestella tarussensis Lower CarboniferousTarusky Horizon Fenestella Fenestella tarussensis tatianae Visean Lower CarboniferousStesevsky Horizon podmoskovnii Russian Platform Russian Platform Fenestella Fenestella tatianae taxata Visean Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn podmoskovnii Chouniugou Russian Platform Gansu Province, China Fenestella taxata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Fenestella taxata Lower CarboniferousStesevsky Horizon Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella taxata tenax tenax tenax tenax tenax Visean Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Fenestella Fenestella tenax tenax Chester Chester Russian Platform podmoskovnii Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL 161 Russian Platform Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella species tenax tenax tenax tenax Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Fenestella Fenestella tenax tenax Chester Chester Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella tenax tenax tenax tenax tenax Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Fenestella tenax Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Fenestella tenax Chester Stepensport, KY Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella tenax tenax tenax tenax tenax Fenestella tenax Fenestella tenax Chester Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Paradise fmt, 4th Chester- Paradise fmt, 5th Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th 162 Locality Available Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Brachville, IN Eckerty, IN Leopold, IN Paradise, AZ Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Perry County, IN Crawford County, IN Perry County, IN Cochise County, AZ Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species tenax Locality Available Paradise, AZ County Cochise County, AZ tenax Rock Unit Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Chester- Wymps Gap ls Fenestella Fayette County, PA Fayette County, PA Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella tenax tenax tenax Chester-Glen Dean Great Blue ls Lower Carboniferous Fenestella tenax Lower Carboniferous Crane, IN Tooele County, UT Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Fenestella tenax Lower Carboniferous Martin County, IN Tooele County, UT Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Pahang, Malaysia Fenestella tenax Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Fenestella tenax Dobsina, Slovakia Kosice Region, Slovakia Fenestella tenax Lower Carboniferousgrey arenaceous schists Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Fenestella tenax Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Fenestella tenax Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China 163 Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species tenax Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Xiaheyen County Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia, China Fenestella tenax Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Fenestella tenax Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Fenestella tenax Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Fenestella tenax Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Fenestella tenax St. Louis- Unnamed group Ste. GenevieveParadise fmt, 2nd member Ste. GenevieveParadise fmt, 3rd member Tourinasean Weining Fenestella tenax Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Fenestella tenax Kuznets Basin Fenestella tenax Fenestella Fenestella tenax tenax TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean Visean- Early Pahang, Malaysia Kuznets Basin Fenestella tenax Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Fenestella tenax Visean- Late Tom Kuznets Basin Guizhou Province, China Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Pahang, Malaysia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia 164 Kuznets Basin Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species tenax Rock Unit Visean- Pokblrkov Fenestella tenax Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella tenax tenax tenax tenax tenax Visean- Sungi Terapai Shale Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella tenax tenax tenax tenax tenax Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Waverly Waverly Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella tenax tenax tenax tenax tenax tenax tenax veneris Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn County Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kuantan, NE Pahang, Malaya Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Bureau County, IL Spergen Hill, IN Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Hardin County, IL Burbank, OH Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, Cuyahoga County, OH OH Hillsdale, MI Hillsdale County, MI Lodi, OH Medina County, OH Moots Run, OH Licking County, OH Newark, OH Licking County, OH Richfield, OH Summit County, OH Sciotoville, OH Scioto County, OH Mt. Qilian Gansu Province, China Fenestella tenuivarata Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin 165 Locality Available Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species tenuivarata Rock Unit TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Lower CarboniferousTul'sky Horizon Locality Available Kuznets Basin County Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Fenestella tenuivirgata Fenestella tenuivirgata Visean Don Basin Fenestella tenuivirgata Visean voronezskii Fenestella tenuivirgata Visean- Early Fenestella tienzhuensis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella tienzhuensis Lower Carboniferous Fenestella tienzhuensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Central Don River, Russia Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Chouniugou Rostov Oblast, Russia Voronezskaya Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Gansu Province, China Fenestella tikhii Visean Don Basin Fenestella tikhii Visean voronezskii Fenestella tikhii Visean- Mid Fenestella Fenestella tooelensis torquata Humbug ftn Namurian Central Don River, Russia Tooele County, UT Fenestella trianguliformis Liuiatang fmt 166 Shaodong Rostov Oblast, Russia Voronezskaya Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Tooele County, UT Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Hunan, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella Fenestella species triserialis triserialis Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Locality Available Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Fenestella triserialis Keokuk Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella triserialis triserialis triserialis triserialis triserialis triserialis triserialis triserialis triserialis triserialis triserialis triserialis triserialis triserialis triserialis triserialis triserialis Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Button Mole Knob, KY Celina, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Greene County, IL Jackson County, TN Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Livingston, TN Nauvoo, IL Overton County, TN Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Lake Bashkal Fenestella triserialis Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Fenestella triserialis Lower Carboniferous Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan 167 County Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clay County, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Greene County, IL Jackson County, TN Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Overton County, TN Hancock County, IL Overton County, TN Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Eastern Kazakhstan Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species triserialis Rock Unit Lower Carboniferousgrey arenaceous schists Locality Available Dobsina, Slovakia County Kosice Region, Slovakia Fenestella triserialis Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Fenestella triserialis Kuznets Basin Fenestella triserialis TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Tournasean Khao Noi, Thailand Fenestella triserialis Visean Khao Noi, Thailand Fenestella triserialis Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Fenestella triserialis Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Fenestella tshechurensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Mt. Qilian Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Songkhla State, Thailand Songkhla State, Thailand Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Gansu Province, China Fenestella tshechurensis Lower CarboniferousTul'sky Horizon Fenestella tshechurensis Visean Don Basin Fenestella tshechurensis Visean voronezskii Fenestella tshechurensis Visean- Early Central Don River, Russia 168 Russian Platform Rostov Oblast, Russia Voronezskaya Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species tsherepetiensis Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousCernysinsky Horizon Fenestella tshernyshenensis Lower CarboniferousCernysinsky Horizon Fenestella tuberculo-carinata Fenestella tulensis Visean- Lower LS Group Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Fenestella tulensis Lower CarboniferousTul'sky Horizon Fenestella Fenestella tulensis tychtaensis Visean Visean- Early podmoskovnii Kuznets Basin Fenestella undulata Lower Carboniferous Archerbeck Borehole Fenestella Fenestella utahensis valujkensis Great Blue ls Visean- Late Tooele County, UT Central Don River, Russia Fenestella valuykensis Lower CarboniferousVenevsky Horizon Tooele County, UT Volgograd Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Fenestella valuykensis Visean Don Basin Fenestella valuykensis Visean voronezskii Rostov Oblast, Russia Voronezskaya 169 Locality Available County Russian Platform Russian Platform Beith Ayrshire, Scotland Mt. Qilian Gansu Province, China Russian Platform Russian Platform Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Dumfries, Scotland Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Fenestella varicosa Lower Carboniferous Archerbeck Borehole Fenestella virgosa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Mt. Qilian Gansu Province, China Fenestella volayensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Fenestella volayensis Lower CarboniferousTarusky Horizon Fenestella Fenestella volayensis wilsoni Fenestella xxx Visean TournaseanBingleburra Asbian Fenestella xxx Asbian Fenestella xxx Asbian Fenestella xxx Fenestella Fenestella xxx xxx Fenestella Fenestella xxx xxx Chester- Chainman Shale Chester- Haney ls Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls 170 County Oblast, Russia Dumfries, Scotland Russian Platform podmoskovnii Lewinsbrook, NSW Russian Platform NSW, AU Llandudno, North Wales Nant-y-Gamar, Wales Redesdale, Northumberland Millard County, Utah North Wales Sulphur, IN Paradise, AZ Crawford County, IN Cochise County, AZ Conwy County, Wales Northumberland, Eng Millard County, UT Crawford County, AR Independence Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Fenestella xxx Chester- Wymps Gap ls Chalk Hill, Ohiopyle Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella xxx xxx xxx Chester-Glen Dean Deseret ls Dinantian Fenestella xxx Lower Carboniferous Fenestella xxx Lower Carboniferous Crane, IN Utah County, UT Llandudno, North Wales Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Fenestella xxx Lower Carboniferous Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Pahang, Malaysia Fenestella xxx Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Fenestella xxx Fenestella xxx Lower Carboniferousgrey arenaceous schists Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls 171 Locality Available Dobsina, Slovakia County County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Fayette County, PA Martin County, IN Utah County, UT North Wales Kosice Region, Slovakia Morioka Province, Japan Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella species xxx Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Locality Available County Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Fenestella xxx Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella xxx xxx xxx Mooney Falls Mooney Falls St. Louis- Paradise fmt Mohave County, AZ Yavapai County, AZ Paradise, AZ Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Mohave County, AZ Yavapai County, AZ Cochise County, AZ Fenestella Fenestella Fenestella xxx xxx xxx Fenestella xxx Thunder Springs Thunder Springs Tourinasean- Hikoroichi sh Tournasean Mohave County, AZ Yavapai County, AZ Hikoroichi, S Kitakami massif Khao Noi, Thailand Fenestella xxx Visean Kulmgrauwacke von Kalteborn bei der Klausthaler Silberhutte im Harz Fenestella xxx Visean- Akiyoshi ls Akiyoshi, Japan Fenestella xxx Visean- Lower(Hina ls) Fenestella Fenestella xxx zapolynodosa Visean- Shale Mengkungao fmt 59 km W of Okayama, Japan Pahang, Malaysia Longhui 172 Mohave County, AZ Yavapai County, AZ Iwate Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Songkhla State, Thailand Saxony-Anhault, Germany Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Okayama Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Pahang, Malaysia Hunan, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestella(Minilya) species hexagona Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Chouniugou County Gansu Province, China Fenestella(Minilya) hexagona Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Fenestella(Minilya) hexagona Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiaheyen Fenesteverta Fenestralia Fenestralia Fenestralia nicklesi compacta compacta compacta Chester St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Carter County, OK Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN Fenestralia Fenestralia compacta compacta St. Louis St. Louis Fenestralia Fenestralia Fenestralia compacta compacta compacta St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Fenestralia Fenestralia Fenestralia Fenestralia compacta compacta compacta compacta St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY St. Genevieve, MO Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia, China Carter County, OK Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV Fenestralia compacta St. Louis St. Louis, MO 173 Lyon County, KY Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestralia Fenestralia Fenestralia Fenestralia species compacta pseudorudis sacti-ludovici sancti-ludovici Rock Unit St. Louis Tourinasean St. Louis Great Blue ls Locality Available Waterloo, IL podmoskovnii St. Louis, MO Tooele County, UT County Monroe County, IL Russian Platform St. Louis County, MO Tooele County, UT Fenestralia sancti-ludovici St. Louis Alton, IL Madison County, IL Fenestralia sancti-ludovici St. Louis Caldwell, KY Caldwell County, KY Fenestralia sancti-ludovici St. Louis Clarksville, TN Fenestralia sancti-ludovici St. Louis Colesburg, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Fenestralia sancti-ludovici St. Louis Fenestralia sancti-ludovici St. Louis Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Fenestralia sancti-ludovici St. Louis Elizabethtown, KY Hardin County, KY Fenestralia sancti-ludovici St. Louis Greenbrier, WV Fenestralia sancti-ludovici St. Louis Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Lyon County, KY Fenestralia sancti-ludovici St. Louis Prarie du Rocher, IL Randolf County, IL Fenestralia sancti-ludovici St. Louis Somerset, KY Pulaski County, KY 174 Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestralia species sancti-ludovici Rock Unit St. Louis Locality Available St. Genevieve, MO Fenestralia sancti-ludovici St. Louis St. Louis, MO County Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO Fenestralia sancti-ludovici St. Louis Waterloo, IL Monroe County, IL Fenestralia sancti-ludovici Warsaw Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Fenestralia sancti-ludovici Warsaw Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Fenestralia sancti-ludovici Warsaw Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL Fenestralia sancti-ludovici Warsaw New Providence, IL Bureau County, IL Fenestralia sancti-ludovici Warsaw Spergen Hill, IN Fenestralia sancti-ludovici Warsaw Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Fenestralia sancti-ludovici Warsaw Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Fenestralia sancti-ludovicicompacta St. Louis Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL Fenestralia sancti-ludovicicompacta St. Louis St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Fenestralia trifurcata Humbug ftn Tooele County, UT 175 Tooele County, UT Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestrellina species acarinata Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Glen William County NSW, AU Fenestrellina acarinata Lower Carboniferous Hilldale NSW, AU Fenestrellina barringtonensis Lower Carboniferous Barrington Tops NSW, AU Fenestrellina cellulosa Lower Carboniferous Barrington Tops NSW, AU Fenestrellina Fenestrellina Fenestrellina Fenestrellina Fenestrellina Fenestrellina crassa crassa crassa crassa crassa cribriformis Asbian Asbian Chadian Dinantian Dinantian Lower Carboniferous Rouchel Brook Cavan County Kildare County Kildare County Cavan County Kildare County NSW, AU Fenestrellina japonica Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Fenestrellina propinqua Lower Carboniferous Back Creek NSW, AU Fenestrellina propinqua Lower Carboniferous Barrington Tops NSW, AU Fenestrellina propinqua Lower Carboniferous Glen William NSW, AU Fenestrellina propinqua Lower Carboniferous Hilldale NSW, AU Fenestrellina roucheli Lower Carboniferous Rouchel Brook NSW, AU 176 Morioka Province, Japan Table 4, cont’d Genus Fenestrellina Fenestrellina Fenestrellina species xxx xxx xxx Rock Unit Chester- Greenbrier Chester- Greenbrier Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Malmoe Parish County Fayette County, PA Somerset County, PA QLD, AU Fenestrellina yarrolensis Lower Carboniferous Mundowran QLD, AU Fistulamina Fistulamina Fistulamina Fistulamina arguta delicata inspecta malmoensis Carboniferous- Early Carboniferous- Early Carboniferous- Early Lower Carboniferous Malmoe Parish Mongolia Mongolia Mongolia QLD, AU Fistulamina Fistulamina Fistulimina minuscula ovata inornata Lewinsbrook, NSW Mongolia Mongolia NSW, AU Fistulimina inorta Carboniferous- Early Carboniferous- Early TournaseanBingleburra Lower Carboniferous Back Creek NSW, AU Fistulimina inorta Lower Carboniferous Glen William NSW, AU Fistulimina inorta Lower Carboniferous Hilldale NSW, AU Fistulipora Fistulipora approximata artelacunata Chester Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chester, IL Chouniugou Randolf County, IL Gansu Province, China Fistulipora artelacunata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China 177 Table 4, cont’d Genus Fistulipora species artelacunata Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Moshigou County Gansu Province, China Fistulipora artelacunata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Fistulipora artelacunata Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Fistulipora Fistulipora asteria asteria Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Fistulipora asteria Keokuk Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora asteria asteria asteria asteria asteria asteria asteria asteria asteria asteria bella buskoformis Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Visean Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL podmoskovnii Chouniugou Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY 178 Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Russian Platform Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Fistulipora species buskoformis Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Houeishan County Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Fistulipora buskoformis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Gansu Province, China Fistulipora buskoformis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Fistulipora chouniugouenis Lower Carboniferous Fistulipora chouniugouenis Lower Carboniferous Fistulipora chouniugouensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Gansu Province, China Fistulipora chouniugouensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Fistulipora chouniugouensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiaheyen Fistulipora chouniugouensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia, China Gansu Province, China Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora clausa compressa compressa Chester Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA 179 Illinois Basin Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Fistulipora compressa Keokuk Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa compressa confinis crassa Fistulipora Fistulipora densifera diaphragmoclausa Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Chester TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean Liuiatang fmt Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Wayland, MO Fistulipora djebaglinica Lower Carboniferous Fistulipora etherridgei Lower Carboniferous Fistulipora Fistulipora excelens excelens Chester Chester- Glen Dean Fistulipora excellens Chester Kuznets Basin podmoskovnii Longhui County IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Illinois Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Hunan, China Turkestan QLD, AU Anna, IL 180 Rockhampton Illinois Basin Breckenridge County, KY Union County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora species excellens excellens excellens excellens Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora excellens excellens excellens excellens excellens excellens Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Fistulipora Fistulipora excellens excellens Chester Chester Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora excellens excellens excellens excellens excellens Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Fistulipora excellens Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Fistulipora excellens Chester Stepensport, KY Fistulipora foliacea Tourinasean- early Kuznets Basin 181 Locality Available Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Fistulipora species gansuensis Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Chouniugou County Gansu Province, China Fistulipora heishanensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Fistulipora incrustans Asbian Fistulipora incrustans Asbian Fistulipora incrustans Asbian Llandudno, North Wales Nant-y-Gamar, Wales Redesdale, Northumberland Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China North Wales Fistulipora Fistulipora incrustans incrustans Asbian- Glencar ls Dinantian Fistulipora incrustans Lower Carboniferous Fistulipora incrustans Beith Ayrshire, Scotland Fistulipora Fistulipora incrustans kanensis Visean- Lower LS Group Visean- Upper Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Tullaghoge Fistulipora lacerta Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Fistulipora lacerta collevara Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Tyrone County Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia 182 Llandudno, North Wales Treak Cliff Conwy County, Wales Northumberland, Eng Fermanagh County North Wales Derbyshire, Eng Table 4, cont’d Genus Fistulipora species lantienensis Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Chouniugou County Gansu Province, China Fistulipora lantiensis Lower Carboniferous Anhua Fistulipora longituba Lower Carboniferous Fistulipora longituba Lower Carboniferous Fistulipora longituba Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Chouniugou Anhua County, Hunan, China Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Gansu Province, China Fistulipora longituba Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Fistulipora longituba Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Fistulipora longituba Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Mt. Qilian Gansu Province, China Fistulipora longituba Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Fistulipora massiformis Lower Carboniferous Fistulipora massiformis Lower Carboniferous Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China 183 Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Fistulipora species microcellata Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Chouniugou County Gansu Province, China Fistulipora microcellata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Fistulipora microcellata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Fistulipora microcellata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Fistulipora microcellata amplusa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Fistulipora microcellata amplusa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Fistulipora microscopica Lower Carboniferous Moorowarra Parish NSW, AU Fistulipora Fistulipora minor minor Asbian Asbian Fistulipora Fistulipora minor minor Brigantian Brigantian Fistulipora minor Chadian Fermanagh County Ravenstondale, Cumbria Clwyd Glamorgan, South Wales Ravenstondale, Cumbria 184 Table 4, cont’d Genus Fistulipora species minor Rock Unit Chester- Glen Dean Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora minor minor minor minor Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Courceyan Fistulipora mirari Lower Carboniferous Hilldale Fistulipora Fistulipora monoseriata multispinosa Visean Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn podmoskovnii Mt. Qilian Fistulipora nagatoensis Lower CarboniferousTobinosu Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora parvilabrum perdensa perdensa Visean Chester Chester- Glen Dean Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora perdensa perdensa perdensa prolifica Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora proloifica proloifica proloifica St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN 185 Locality Available podmoskovnii County Breckenridge County, KY Crawford County, IN Greene County, IN Perry County, IN Glamorgan, South Wales NSW, AU Russian Platform Gansu Province, China Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Russian Platform Illinois Basin Breckenridge County, KY Crawford County, IN Martin County, IN Perry County, IN Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Fistulipora Fistulipora proloifica proloifica St. Louis St. Louis Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora proloifica proloifica proloifica St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora proloifica proloifica proloifica proloifica St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY St. Genevieve, MO Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora proloifica proloifica sana sana St. Louis St. Louis Carboniferous- Early Visean St. Louis, MO Waterloo, IL Fistulipora sana Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Fistulipora sana Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Fistulipora sinensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Mt. Qilian Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora spergenesis spergenesis spergenesis Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Columbia, IL Curryville, MO Monroe County, IL 186 Weining County TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV Lyon County, KY Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO Monroe County, IL Mongolia Guizhou Province, China Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Gansu Province, China Monroe County, IL Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Fistulipora Fistulipora species spergenesis spergenesis Rock Unit Warsaw Warsaw Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora spergenesis spergenesis steshevensis taidonensis Warsaw Warsaw Visean Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Fistulipora taidonensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Fistulipora taidonensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Fistulipora taidonensis Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Fistulipora taidonensis Visean Weining Fistulipora tetraconica Lower Carboniferous Fistulipora tetraconica Lower Carboniferous Fistulipora torosa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Chouniugou 187 Locality Available New Providence, IL Spergen Hill, IN County Bureau County, IL Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL podmoskovnii Russian Platform Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Guizhou Province, China Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Fistulipora species torosa Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Xiehau County Gansu Province, China Fistulipora Fistulipora tuberculata tuberculata Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Fistulipora tuberculata Keokuk Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tubulosa Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Fistulipora tubulosa Lower Carboniferous Fistulipora tubulosa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Fistulipora tubulosa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan 188 Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Turkestan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Gansu Province, China Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Fistulipora species tubulosa Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Mt. Qilian County Gansu Province, China Fistulipora tubulosa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora tubulosa tubulosa tubulosa Central Kazakhstan Fistulipora tubulosa Fistulipora ugamica Tourinasean Tourinasean TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Lower Carboniferous Central Kazakhstan Central Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Turkestan Fistulipora Fistulipora usitata xianzaensis Carboniferous- Early Lower Carboniferous Fistulipora xiehauensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Fistulipora xiehauensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Chester- Bangor Ls Chester- Bangor ls Chester- Haney ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Reid Gap, AR Blount County, AL Blount County, AL Crawford County, IN Crawford County, AR Independence 189 Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Mongolia Xianza, Tibet Sulphur, IN Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora Fistulipora xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Fistulipora xxx Lower Carboniferous Fistulipora xxx Lower Carboniferous Fistulipora xxx Lower Carboniferous Fistulipora xxx Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Fistulipora xxx Lower CarboniferousUzura Fistulipora Fistulipora xxx xxx Fistulipora xxx Thunder Springs Tourinasean- Hikoroichi sh Visean Yavapai County, AZ Hikoroichi, S Kitakami massif Don Basin Fistulipora Fistulipora xxx XXX Visean Visean- Early Tom Pahang, Malaysia Kuznets Basin 190 Locality Available Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains County County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Pahang, Malaysia Yavapai County, AZ Iwate Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Rostov Oblast, Russia Pahang, Malaysia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Fistulipora species XXX Rock Unit Visean- Late Fistulipora xxx Visean- Lower(Hina ls) Fistulipora Fistulipora xxx xxx Visean- Shale Visean-(Lower) Akiyoshi ls Fistuliramus crassus Visean Weining Fistuliramus granulatus Visean Weining Fistuliramus Fistuliramus Fistuliramus laxoporata lianyuanense lianyuanoformis Tzemenchiao fmt Tzemenchiao fmt Tzemenchiao fmt Xiangxiang Lianyuan Xiangxiang Fistuliramus Fistuliramus Fistuliramus perulatus perulatus ramosus Tzemenchiao fmt Tzemenchiao fmt Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Lianyuan Xiangxiang Chouniugou Hunan, China Hunan, China Gansu Province, China Fistuliramus ramosus Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Fistuliramus ramosus Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China 191 Locality Available Central Don River, Russia 51 km W of Okayama, Japan Pahang, Malaysia Akiyoshi, Japan County Volgograd Oblast, Russia Okayama Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Pahang, Malaysia Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Guizhou Province, China Guizhou Province, China Hunan, China Hunan, China Hunan, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Fistuliramus species ramosus Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Xiehau County Gansu Province, China Fistulotrypa antiqua Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Fistulotrypa antiqua Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Flexifenestella Flexifenestella Flustra Flustra Girtypora explorata explorata spatulata tuberculata sakagamii Tourinasean Tourinasean Warsaw Warsaw Middle CarboniferousAkiyoshi ls Kazakhstan Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora elegans elegans elegans elegans elegans elegans Keokuk Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora elegans elegans kerserlingi keyserlingi keyserlingi Warsaw Warsaw Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk 192 Kazakhstan Central Kazakhstan St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Bureau County, IL Spergen Hill, IN Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Keokuk, IA Lee County, IA Appanoosa, IL Hancock County, IL Bentonsport, IA Van Buren County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Glyptopora keyserlingi Keokuk Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora keyserlingi keyserlingi keyserlingi keyserlingi keyserlingi keyserlingi keyserlingi keyserlingi keyserlingi keyserlingi megastoma Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Bentonsport, IA Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora megastoma megastoma megastoma michelinia michelinia Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora michelinia michelinia michelinia michelinia michelinia Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Glyptopora michelinia St. Louis 193 County IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Keokuk, IA Lee County, IA Nauvoo, IL Hancock County, IL Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora species michelinia michelinia michelinia michelinia michelinia Rock Unit Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora michelinia michelinia pinnata Warsaw Warsaw Burlington Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora plumosa plumosa plumosa plumosa plumosa plumosa St. Louis Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora plumosa plumosa punctipora punctipora punctipora punctipora punctipora Warsaw Warsaw Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora punctipora punctipora punctipora Chester Chester Chester 194 Locality Available Columbia, IL Curryville, MO Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Spergen Hill, IN County Monroe County, IL Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Bureau County, IL Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Henderson County, Henderson County, IL IL St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Bureau County, IL Spergen Hill, IN Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Anna, IL Union County, IL Baldwin, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, Crittenden County, KY KY Grayson Springs, KY Grayson County, KY Huntsville, AL Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Jackson County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora species punctipora punctipora punctipora Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora punctipora punctipora punctipora Chester Chester Chester Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora punctipora punctipora punctipora punctipora punctipora Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Glyptopora punctipora Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Glyptopora punctipora Chester Stepensport, KY Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora punctipora pustulifera saganella Chester Chester Keokuk Bentonsport, IA Glyptopora Glyptopora saganella saganella-caliculosa Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw, IL Warsaw, IL Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Illinois Basin Van Buren County, IA Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Glyptopora saganella-lata Warsaw Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Glyptopora sagenella Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Hancock County, IL 195 Locality Available Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Monroe County, IL Newtonville, OH County Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Monroe County, IL Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Glyptopora species sagenella Rock Unit Keokuk Locality Available Bentonsport, IA Glyptopora sagenella Keokuk Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora sagenella sagenella sagenella sagenella sagenella sagenella sagenella sagenella sagenella sagenella sagenella sagenella sagenella sagenella sagenella Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Columbia, IL Curryville, MO Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Spergen Hill, IN Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora sagenella sagenella sagenella-caliculosa Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Monroe County, IL Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Bureau County, IL Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Glyptopora sagenella-caliculosa Warsaw Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Glyptopora sagenella-caliculosa Warsaw Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL 196 County Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Glyptopora species sagenella-caliculosa Rock Unit Warsaw Locality Available New Providence, IL Glyptopora sagenella-caliculosa Warsaw Spergen Hill, IN Glyptopora sagenella-caliculosa Warsaw Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Glyptopora sagenella-caliculosa Warsaw Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Glyptopora sagenella-lata Warsaw Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Glyptopora sagenella-lata Warsaw Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Glyptopora sagenella-lata Warsaw Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL Glyptopora sagenella-lata Warsaw New Providence, IL Bureau County, IL Glyptopora sagenella-lata Warsaw Spergen Hill, IN Glyptopora sagenella-lata Warsaw Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Glyptopora sagenella-lata Warsaw Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Glyptopora xxx Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Glyptopora Glyptopora xxx xxx Chester- Paradise fmt, 5th Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Glyptopora xxx Chester- Pitkin Ls 197 County Bureau County, IL Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Table 4, cont’d Genus Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora Glyptopora species xxx xxx xxx xxx Rock Unit Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Goniocladia Goniocladia cellitera compacta Asbian- Glencar ls Carboniferous? Pechora Region Goniocladia crassa Carboniferous? Pechora Region Goniocladia cyclopora Carboniferous? Pechora Region Goniocladia laxa Lewinsbrook, NSW Goniocladia miloradovitschi TournaseanBingleburra Carboniferous? Pechora Region Goniocladia parva Lower Carboniferous Rouchel Brook Goniocladia pulchra Carboniferous? Pechora Region Goniocladia stepanovi Lower Carboniferous Komi Republic, Russia Turkestan Goniocladia stepanovi Visean doneckni Goniocladia tenuis Carboniferous? Pechora Region Goniocladia varians Carboniferous? Pechora Region Rostov Oblast, Russia Komi Republic, Russia Komi Republic, Russia 198 Locality Available County Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Fermanagh County Komi Republic, Russia Komi Republic, Russia Komi Republic, Russia NSW, AU Komi Republic, Russia NSW, AU Table 4, cont’d Genus Goniocladia species xxx Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Goniocladia xxx Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Goniocladia zalesskii Carboniferous? Pechora Region Hallopora fruticosa Lower Carboniferous Moorowarra Parish Hayasakapora xxx Middle CarboniferousAkiyoshi ls Hayasakapora xxx Visean- Akiyoshi ls Akiyoshi, Japan Hederella carbonaria Brigantian- Coldstones ls Hederella carbonaria Visean- Upper Coldstones East Quarry, Greenhow Hill Watny-Brodlas, near Holywell Hederella Hederella Hederella Helenopora chesterensis xxx xxx duncanae Chester Chester- Bangor Ls Chester- Bangor ls Chester Helenopora Helenopora Helenopora duncanae duncanae duncanae Chester Chester Chester 199 Locality Available Reid Gap, AR Broadwater County, MT Cache County, UT Caribou County, ID Lincoln County, WY County Turkestan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Komi Republic, Russia NSW, AU Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Yorkshire, Eng Clwyd Illinois Basin Blount County, AL Blount County, AL Broadwater County, MT Cache County, UT Caribou County, ID Lincoln County, WY Table 4, cont’d Genus Helenopora Heliotrypa Heliotrypa Heliotrypa Heliotrypa Heliotrypa species duncanae bifolia bifolia bifolia bifolia bifolia Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Heliotrypa Heliotrypa Heliotrypa Heliotrypa Heliotrypa Heliotrypa bifolia bifolia bifolia bifolia bifolia bifolia Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Heliotrypa Heliotrypa bifolia bifolia Chester Chester Heliotrypa Heliotrypa Heliotrypa Heliotrypa Heliotrypa bifolia bifolia bifolia bifolia bifolia Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Heliotrypa bifolia Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Heliotrypa bifolia Chester Stepensport, KY Heliotrypa bifolia Chester 200 Locality Available Toole County, UT Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Toole County, UT Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Table 4, cont’d Genus Heloclema species magnificum Rock Unit Visean Locality Available Eastern Alburz Mnts, Iran Chouniugou County Golestan Province, Iran Gansu Province, China Heloclema orientalis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Heloclema orientalis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan orientalis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Heloclema Heloclema spirale Namurian/Serpukhovian Heloclema Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya spiralis aprilae aspera aspera Visean Warsaw- Ullin ls Keokuk Keokuk podmoskovnii Ullin, IL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Hemitrpya aspera Keokuk Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya aspera aspera aspera aspera aspera aspera aspera aspera Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY 201 Altai Kraj, Russia Russian Platform Pulaski County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya species aspera aspera aspera bespalovi Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Warsaw- Ullin ls Visean- Early Tom Hemitrpya burulica Lower Carboniferous Hemitrpya burulica Lower Carboniferous Hemitrpya burulica Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Hemitrpya burulica Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Hemitrpya burulica Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Hemitrpya burulica Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Hemitrpya clarkei Lower Carboniferous Hilldale Hemitrpya composita Lower Carboniferous Hemitrpya composita Lower Carboniferous Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya hemitrypa hemitrypa hibernica St. Louis Warsaw- Ullin ls Asbian Hemitrpya hibernica Carboniferous- Early 202 Locality Available St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Ullin, IL Kuznets Basin County Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, IL Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Turkestan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia NSW, AU Turkestan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Ullin, IL Pulaski County, IL Nant-y-Gamar, Conwy County, Wales Wales Mongolia Table 4, cont’d Genus Hemitrpya species hibernica Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Treak Cliff County Derbyshire, Eng Hemitrpya microfenestella Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Hemitrpya microfenestella Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Hemitrpya microfenestella Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Hemitrpya microfenestella Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Hemitrpya Hemitrpya nodosa nodosa Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Hemitrpya nodosa Keokuk Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya nodosa nodosa nodosa nodosa nodosa nodosa nodosa nodosa nodosa nodosa oculata paterformis pateriformis Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Visean Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Keokuk, IA Appanoosa, IL 203 Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Cork County Lee County, IA Hancock County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Hemitrpya species pateriformis Rock Unit Keokuk Locality Available Bentonsport, IA Hemitrpya pateriformis Keokuk Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya pateriformis pateriformis pateriformis pateriformis pateriformis pateriformis pateriformis pateriformis pateriformis pateriformis pateriformis pateriformis pateriformis pateriformis pateriformis pateriformis perstriata perstriata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Celina, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Greene County, IL Jackson County, TN Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Livingston, TN Nauvoo, IL Overton County, TN Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Hemitrpya perstriata Keokuk Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya perstriata perstriata perstriata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA 204 County Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clay County, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Greene County, IL Jackson County, TN Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Overton County, TN Hancock County, IL Overton County, TN Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Table 4, cont’d Genus Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya species perstriata perstriata perstriata perstriata perstriata perstriata perstriata perstriata Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Visean Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya perstriata plumosa plumosa plumosa plumosa plumosa Warsaw- Ullin ls Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya plumosa plumosa proutana proutana proutana Warsaw Warsaw Carboniferous- Early Keokuk Keokuk Hemitrpya proutana Keokuk Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya proutana proutana proutana Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk 205 Locality Available Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL KohlenkalkSteinbruches von Ratingen Ullin, IL Columbia, IL Curryville, MO Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Spergen Hill, IN County Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL North RhineWestphalia, Germany Pulaski County, IL Monroe County, IL Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Bureau County, IL Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Mongolia Appanoosa, IL Hancock County, IL Bentonsport, IA Van Buren County, IA Button Mole Knob, Bullitt County, KY KY Clark County, MO Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Lee County, IA Table 4, cont’d Genus Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya species proutana proutana proutana proutana proutana proutana proutana proutana Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Hemitrpya proutana Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Hemitrpya proutana Lower Carboniferous Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya proutana proutana proutana St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN Hemitrpya Hemitrpya proutana proutana St. Louis St. Louis Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya proutana proutana proutana St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya proutana proutana proutana St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV 206 Locality Available Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Lake Bashkal County Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Eastern Kazakhstan Lyon County, KY Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Hemitrpya species proutana Rock Unit St. Louis Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya proutana proutana proutana St. Louis St. Louis Tourinasean- Late Hemitrpya proutana Visean- Early Hemitrpya proutana Visean- Early Tom Hemitrpya proutana Visean- Late Tom Hemitrpya proutana Visean- Pokblrkov Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya proutana proutana proutana proutana proutana Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya proutana proutana proutana proutana nodulosa Warsaw Warsaw warsaw Visean- Early Hemitrpya proutana-nodulosa Keokuk County Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis, MO St. Louis County, MO Waterloo, IL Monroe County, IL Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Bureau County, IL Spergen Hill, IN Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Hardin County, IL Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Appanoosa, IL Hancock County, IL Hemitrpya proutana-nodulosa Keokuk Bentonsport, IA 207 Locality Available St. Genevieve, MO Van Buren County, IA Table 4, cont’d Genus Hemitrpya species proutana-nodulosa Rock Unit Keokuk County Bullitt County, KY Keokuk Locality Available Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Hemitrpya proutana-nodulosa Hemitrpya proutana-nodulosa Keokuk Greene County, IL Greene County, IL Hemitrpya proutana-nodulosa Keokuk Keokuk, IA Lee County, IA Hemitrpya proutana-nodulosa Keokuk Kings Mountain, KY Lincoln County, KY Hemitrpya proutana-nodulosa Keokuk Lagrange, MO Clark County, MO Hemitrpya proutana-nodulosa Keokuk Nauvoo, IL Hancock County, IL Hemitrpya proutana-nodulosa Keokuk Plymouth, IL Hancock County, IL Hemitrpya proutana-nodulosa Keokuk Somerset, KY Pulaski County, KY Hemitrpya proutana-nodulosa Keokuk St. Francisville, MO Clark County, MO Hemitrpya proutana-nodulosa Keokuk Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Hemitrpya proutana-vermifera Warsaw Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Hemitrpya proutana-vermifera Warsaw Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Hemitrpya proutana-vermifera Warsaw Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL 208 Clark County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Hemitrpya species proutana-vermifera Rock Unit Warsaw Locality Available New Providence, IL County Bureau County, IL Hemitrpya proutana-vermifera Warsaw Spergen Hill, IN Hemitrpya proutana-vermifera Warsaw Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Hemitrpya proutana-vermifera Warsaw Warsaw, IL Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Hemitrpya Heterotrypa regida reticulata vermifera xxx tumida Carboniferous- Early Humbug ftn Warsaw- Ullin ls Deseret ls Asbian Hexagonellidae xxx Chester-Akiyoshi fmt Tooele County, UT Ullin, IL Utah County, UT Redesdale, Northumberland Okubo, Japan Hexites Hexites paradoxus triangularis Asbian- Glencar ls Visean Don Basin Hexites Hexites Hexites triangularis triangularis triangularis Visean Visean Visean- Early Hinaclema hinaensis Visean- Lower(Hina ls) Hinaclema sakagami Hinaclema sakagamii Hancock County, IL Mongolia Tooele County, UT Pulaski County, IL Utah County, UT Northumberland, Eng Lower Carboniferous Central Don River, Russia 50 km W of Okayama, Japan Tien Shan Chiba Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Fermanagh County Rostov Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Altai Kraj, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Okayama Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Xinjiang, China Visean- Early Tashkent, Tashkent Province, 209 podmoskovnii Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Hinaclema xxx Visean- Akiyoshi ls Locality Available Uzbekistan Akiyoshi, Japan Hunanopora Hunanopora multivaria sinensis Tzemenchiao fmt Lower Carboniferous Xiangxiang Anhua Hyalotoechus lineatus Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Hyalotoechus lineatus Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Hyalotoechus lineatus Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Hyphasmopora mukhini Lower Carboniferous Ichthyorachis Icthyorachis Icthyorachis Icthyorachis Icthyorachis xxx newenhami newenhami newenhami newenhami Icthyrachis Icthyrachis Icthyrachis Insignia newenhami newenhami newenhami acatalecta Mooney Falls Asbian- Glencar ls Chadian Courceyan Courceyan- Hook Hand ls Asbian Chadian Courceyan Tournasean 210 County Uzbekistan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Hunan, China Anhua County, Hunan, China Gansu Province, China Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Turkestan Mohave County, AZ Mohave County, AZ Fermanagh County Limerick County Cork County Wexford County Fermanagh County Limerick Wexford County Kazakhstan Table 4, cont’d Genus Insignia Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora species texera acatalecta acatalecta basalis basalis basalis basalis basalis Rock Unit Tournasean Tourinasean Tourinasean Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora basalis basalis undata undulata undulata undulata undulata undulata Warsaw Warsaw Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora undulata undulata undulata undulata undulata undulata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Intrapora Intrapora undulata undulata Chester Chester 211 Locality Available County Kazakhstan Central Kazakhstan Central Kazakhstan Central Kazakhstan Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Bureau County, IL Spergen Hill, IN Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Illinois Basin Anna, IL Union County, IL Baldwin, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, Crittenden County, KY KY Grayson Springs, KY Grayson County, KY Huntsville, AL Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Randolf County, IL Litchfield, KY Grayson County, KY Livingston County, Livingston County, KY KY Meade County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Muskingum County, OH Table 4, cont’d Genus Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora Intrapora species undulata undulata undulata undulata undulata Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Intrapora undulata Chester Locality Available Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Intrapora undulata Chester Stepensport, KY Ipmorella Ipmorella Ipmorella Klaucena clara irregularis maculata aequabilis Tournasean- lower Tournasean Tournasean Tournasean SE Armenia Klaucena affantinodata Tournasean Klaucena altinodata Tournasean Klaucena contragosa Tournasean Klaucena Klaucena firma firma Tourinasean Tournasean Klaucena immortalis Tournasean Klaucena Klaucena lalolamina microcellata Mengkungao fmt Tournasean 212 Central Kazakhstan Longhui County Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY SE Armenia Altai Kraj, Russia Altai Kraj, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Central Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Hunan, China Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Klaucena species pauper Rock Unit Tournasean Locality Available Klaucena Klaucena Klaucena Klaucena spira firma spiroformis spiroformis triznae Tourinasean Mengkungao fmt Shihtengtze fmt Tournasean Klaucena (Spira) Klaucena(K) altinodata confragosa Langston Gap, AL Kuznets Basin Klaucena(K) Klaucena(K) confragosa microcellata immortalis Chester TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Klaucena(K) pauper Klaucena(Spira) aculeus TourinaseanTaikohskoe late TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Tourinasean- Late Klaucena(Spira) aculeus Klaucena(Spira) aculeus Klaucena(Spira) Shaodong Xiangxiang Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin aculeus TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Klaucena(Spira) aequabilis Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Klaucena(Spira) aequabilis TourinaseanTaikohskoe early Kuznets Basin 213 Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin County Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Central Kazakhstan Hunan, China Hunan, China Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Jackson County, AL Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Klaucena(Spira) species aequabilis Rock Unit TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Tourinasean- Late Locality Available Kuznets Basin Klaucena(Spira) altinodata Klaucena(Spira) altinodata TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Klaucena(Spira) altinodata Klaucena(Spira) altinodata Klaucena(Spira) firma Koninckopora Koninckopora Laxifenestella Laxifenestella Laxifenestella Laxifenestella Laxifenestella Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema intlata intlata coniunctistyla maculasimilis maculasimilis serratula snyderi araneum araneum araneum araneum araneum TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean Visean Warsaw- Ullin ls Keokuk Warsaw- Ullin ls Warsaw- Ullin ls Chester- Otter Fmt Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema araneum araneum araneum Chester Chester Chester 214 Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Cracoe, Yorkshire Wetton Ullin, IL Caney Creek, KY Ullin, IL Ullin, IL Armington, MT Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY County Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Yorkshire, Eng Staffordshire, Eng Pulaski County, IL Russell County, KY Pulaski County, IL Pulaski County, IL Cascade County, MT Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema species araneum araneum araneum Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema araneum araneum araneum Chester Chester Chester Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema araneum araneum araneum araneum araneum Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Leioclema araneum Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Leioclema Leioclema araneum araneum chester Chester St. Genevieve, MO Stepensport, KY Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema araneum araneum foliatum foliatum foliatum foliatum foliatum foliatum Chester Chester-Glen Dean Keokuk Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Crane, IN Warsaw, IL Columbia, IL Curryville, MO Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Spergen Hill, IN 215 Locality Available Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Monroe County, IL Newtonville, OH County Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Monroe County, IL Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY St. Lane County, MO Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Martin County, IN Hancock County, IL Monroe County, IL Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Bureau County, IL Washington County, IN Table 4, cont’d Genus Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema species foliatum foliatum gracillimum Rock Unit Warsaw Warsaw Burlington Locality Available St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Burlington, IA Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Calhoun County, IL Marshalltown, IA Montezuma, IL Quincy, IL Sagetown, IL Leioclema Leioclema gracillimum gracillimum Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Leioclema gracillimum Keokuk Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Celina, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Greene County, IL Hannibal, MO Jackson County, TN Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Livingston, TN Nauvoo, IL Overton County, TN 216 County St. Louis County, MO Hancock County, IL Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Marshal County, IA Pike County, IL Adams County, IL Henderson County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clay County, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Greene County, IL Marion County, MO Jackson County, TN Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Overton County, TN Hancock County, IL Overton County, TN Table 4, cont’d Genus Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema species gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum Warsaw Warsaw Waverly Waverly Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum gracillimum indentata indentata kobayashii Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Asbian- Glencar ls Asbian- Glencar ls Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls County Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Monroe County, IL Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Bureau County, IL Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Burbank, OH Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, Cuyahoga County, OH OH Hillsdale, MI Hillsdale County, MI Lodi, OH Medina County, OH Moots Run, OH Licking County, OH Newark, OH Licking County, OH Richfield, OH Summit County, OH Sciotoville, OH Scioto County, OH Fermanagh County Leitrim County Morioka Province, Japan Leioclema porosa Lower Carboniferous Rockhampton 217 Locality Available Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Columbia, IL Curryville, MO Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Spergen Hill, IN QLD, AU Table 4, cont’d Genus Leioclema Leioclema species punctatum punctatum Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Locality Available Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Leioclema punctatum Keokuk Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Wayland, MO Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN Leioclema Leioclema punctatum punctatum St. Louis St. Louis Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema punctatum punctatum punctatum St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV 218 County Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV Table 4, cont’d Genus Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema species punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum Rock Unit St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum St. Louis St. Louis Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum Warsaw Warsaw Waverly Waverly Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema Leioclema punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum punctatum subglobosum uzuraensis Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Burlington Lower CarboniferousUzura 219 Locality Available Lyon, KY Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY St. Genevieve, MO County Lyon County, KY Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis, MO St. Louis County, MO Waterloo, IL Monroe County, IL Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Bureau County, IL Spergen Hill, IN Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Burbank, OH Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, Cuyahoga County, OH OH Hillsdale, MI Hillsdale County, MI Lodi, OH Medina County, OH Moots Run, OH Licking County, OH Newark, OH Licking County, OH Richfield, OH Summit County, OH Sciotoville, OH Scioto County, OH Marshalltown, IA Marshal County, IA Pahang, Malaysia Table 4, cont’d Genus Leioclema Leioclema species wachsmuthi xxx Rock Unit Burlington Asbian Leioclema xxx Asbian Leioclema xxx Chester-Akiyoshi fmt Leioclema xxx Dinantian Leioclema xxx Leioclema xxx Tourinasean- Hikoroichi sh Visean- Akiyoshi ls Leioclema xxx Visean- Lower(Hina ls) Leioclema xxx Visean-(Lower) Akiyoshi ls Leptopora trypa Burlington Burlington, IA Levifenestella Lioclema maeve bifoliata Tournasian Lower Carboniferous Easky Lioclema cassis Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Lioclema cassis TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Kuznets Basin 220 Locality Available Marshalltown, IA Llandudno, North Wales Nant-y-Gamar, Wales Tobinosu, Japan Llandudno, North Wales Hikoroichi, S Kitakami massif Akiyoshi, Japan 55 km W of Okayama, Japan Akiyoshi, Japan County Marshal County, IA North Wales Conwy County, Wales Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan North Wales Iwate Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Okayama Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Des Moines County, IA Sligo County Turkestan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Lioclema species clara Rock Unit Tourinasean- early Locality Available Kuznets Basin Lioclema clara Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Lioclema echinata Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Lioclema gracillimum Lower Carboniferous County Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Donets'ka, Ukraine Lioclema gracillimum Lower Carboniferous Poltavs'ka, Ukraine Lioclema lubrica Lioclema podunskensis TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Tourinasean- early Kuznets Basin Lioclema podunskensis Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Lioclema podunskensis Kuznets Basin Lioclema podunskensis Lioclema podunskensis TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean- Early Lioclema prolifica Lower Carboniferous Lioclema rojkiensis Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Lioclema semetra Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Lioclema textila Tourinasean- early Kuznets Basin 221 Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Turkestan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora divergens divergens divergens divergens divergens Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora divergens divergens divergens divergens divergens divergens Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Lyropora Lyropora divergens divergens Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora divergens divergens divergens divergens divergens Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Lyropora divergens Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Lyropora divergens Chester Stepensport, KY Lyropora divergens Chester 222 County Oblast, Russia Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Table 4, cont’d Genus Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora species lyra ovalis ovalis ovalis ovalis ovalis Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora ovalis ovalis ovalis ovalis ovalis ovalis ovalis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Lyropora Lyropora ovalis ovalis Chester Chester Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora ovalis ovalis ovalis ovalis ovalis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Lyropora ovalis Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Lyropora ovalis Chester Stepensport, KY 223 Locality Available Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Grayson, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Illinois Basin Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora species ovalis plana quincuncialis quincuncialis quincuncialis quincuncialis quincuncialis Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora quincuncialis quincuncialis quincuncialis quincuncialis quincuncialis quincuncialis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Lyropora Lyropora quincuncialis quincuncialis Chester Chester Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora quincuncialis quincuncialis quincuncialis quincuncialis quincuncialis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Lyropora quincuncialis Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Lyropora quincuncialis Chester Stepensport, KY 224 Locality Available Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Illinois Basin Illinois Basin Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora species quincunxialis ranosculum ranosculum ranosculum ranosculum retrosa spinifera subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans xxx xxx Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Burlington Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora Lyropora xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Lyropora Lyroporella Lyroporella Lyroporella Lyroporella Lyroporella Lyroporella Lyroporidra xxx carinata divergens divergens divergens lyroides xxx spinifera Warsaw Chester Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester Mooney Falls Chester- pre-Glen Dean 225 Locality Available Chester, IL Kaskaskia, IL Pulaski County, KY Louisiana, MO Chester, IL Pulaski County, KY Brachville, IN Eckerty, IN Leopold, IN Yavapai County, AZ Anna, IL County Illinois Basin Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Illinois Basin Pike County, MO Illinois Basin Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Illinois Basin Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Hardin County, IL Illinois Basin Perry County, IN Crawford County, IN Perry County, IN Illinois Basin Yavapai County, AZ Union County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Lyroporidra species spinifera Rock Unit Locality Available Chester- pre-Glen Dean Baldwin, IL County Randolf County, IL Lyroporidra spinifera Chester- pre-Glen Dean Caldwell County, KY Caldwell County, KY Lyroporidra spinifera Chester- pre-Glen Dean Chester, IL Randolf County, IL Lyroporidra spinifera Lyroporidra spinifera Chester- pre-Glen Dean Crittenden County, KY Chester- pre-Glen Dean Grayson Springs, KY Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Lyroporidra spinifera Chester- pre-Glen Dean Huntsville, AL Madison County, AL Lyroporidra spinifera Chester- pre-Glen Dean Jackson County, KY Jackson County, KY Lyroporidra spinifera Chester- pre-Glen Dean Kaskaskia, IL Randolf County, IL Lyroporidra spinifera Chester- pre-Glen Dean Litchfield, KY Grayson County, KY Lyroporidra spinifera Lyroporidra spinifera Chester- pre-Glen Dean Livingston County, KY Chester- pre-Glen Dean Meade County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Lyroporidra spinifera Chester- pre-Glen Dean Newtonville, OH Lyroporidra spinifera Chester- pre-Glen Dean Pulaski County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Lyroporidra spinifera Chester- pre-Glen Dean Redbud, IL Randolf County, IL 226 Table 4, cont’d Genus Lyroporidra species spinifera Rock Unit Locality Available Chester- pre-Glen Dean Rockwood, IL County Randolf County, IL Lyroporidra spinifera Chester- pre-Glen Dean Ruma, IL Randolf County, IL Lyroporidra spinifera Pulaski County, KY Lyroporidra spinifera Chester- pre-Glen Dean Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Chester- pre-Glen Dean Smithland, KY Lyroporidra spinifera Chester- pre-Glen Dean Stepensport, KY Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans Chester- Chester ls Chester- Chester ls Chester- Chester ls Chester- Chester ls Chester- Chester ls Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans Chester- Chester ls Chester- Chester ls Chester- Chester ls Chester- Chester ls Chester- Chester ls Chester- Chester ls Lyroporidra Lyroporidra subquadrans subquadrans Chester- Chester ls Chester- Chester ls Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Lyroporidra Lyroporidra subquadrans subquadrans Chester- Chester ls Chester- Chester ls Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL 227 Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra species subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans Rock Unit Chester- Chester ls Chester- Chester ls Chester- Chester ls Lyroporidra subquadrans Chester- Chester ls Locality Available Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Lyroporidra subquadrans Chester- Chester ls Stepensport, KY Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Lyroporidra Lyroporidra subquadrans subquadrans Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra Lyroporidra subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL 228 County Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Lyroporidra species subquadrans Rock Unit Chester- Glen Dean Lyroporidra subquadrans Chester- Glen Dean Locality Available Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Lyroporidra subquadrans Chester- Glen Dean Stepensport, KY Mediapora Mediapora afgana aliena Mediapora fragilis Tournasean Mid/Upper Carboniferous Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Mediapora fragilis Mediapora fragilis Mediapora Kuznets Basin fragilis TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Tournasean Mediapora fragilis Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Mediapora fragilis Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Mediapora injaensis Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Mediapora injaensis Kuznets Basin Mediapora injaensis Mediapora injaensis TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Tournasean 229 Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin County Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Afghanistan Southern Mongolia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Mediapora species injaensis Rock Unit Visean- Early Mediapora kusbassensis Lower Carboniferous Mediapora rhombicellata Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Mediapora rhombicellata Kuznets Basin Mediapora rhombicellata Mediapora rhombicellata TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Tournasean Mediapora rhombicellata Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Mediapora tulensis Visean Meekopora Meekopora aperta aperta Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Meekopora aperta Keokuk Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora aperta aperta aperta aperta aperta aperta aperta aperta Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY 230 Locality Available Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin County Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora species aperta aperta aperta Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Chouniugou County Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Gansu Province, China Meekopora aperta Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Gansu Province, China Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora approximata approximata approximata approximata approximata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora approximata approximata approximata approximata approximata approximata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Meekopora Meekopora approximata approximata Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora approximata approximata approximata approximata Chester Chester Chester Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL 231 Table 4, cont’d Genus Meekopora species approximata Rock Unit Chester Meekopora approximata Chester Locality Available Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Meekopora approximata Chester Stepensport, KY Meekopora Meekopora approximata approximata Chester Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Meekopora approximata Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Meekopora approximata Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Meekopora approximata Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Meekopora approximata Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora clausa clausa clausa clausa clausa Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora clausa clausa clausa clausa clausa Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Grayson, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL 232 County Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Morioka Province, Japan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Meekopora Meekopora species clausa clausa Rock Unit Chester Chester Meekopora Meekopora clausa clausa Chester Chester Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora clausa clausa clausa clausa clausa Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Meekopora clausa Chester Meekopora clausa Chester Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora clausa clausa clausa clausa clausa Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora clausa clausa eximia eximia eximia eximia Warsaw Warsaw Chester Chester Chester Chester Locality Available Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY County Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Stepensport, KY Breckenridge County, KY Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Bureau County, IL Spergen Hill, IN Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Anna, IL Union County, IL Baldwin, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Randolf County, IL 233 Table 4, cont’d Genus Meekopora species eximia Rock Unit Chester Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora eximia eximia eximia eximia eximia eximia Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora eximia eximia eximia Chester Chester Chester Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora eximia eximia eximia eximia eximia Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Meekopora eximia Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Meekopora eximia Chester Stepensport, KY Meekopora Meekopora eximia eximia Chester Chester- Glen Dean Meekopora Meekopora eximia eximia Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean 234 Locality Available Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Monroe County, IL Newtonville, OH County Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Monroe County, IL Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Breckenridge County, KY Crawford County, IN Greene County, IN Table 4, cont’d Genus Meekopora species eximia Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Chouniugou County Gansu Province, China Meekopora eximia Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Meekopora eximia Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Meekopora eximia Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora eximia eximia eximia St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN Meekopora Meekopora eximia eximia St. Louis St. Louis Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora eximia eximia eximia St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora eximia eximia eximia eximia St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Monroe County, IL Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV 235 Lyon County, KY Monroe County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Meekopora species eximia Rock Unit St. Louis Locality Available St. Genevieve, MO Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora eximia eximia izutoensis St. Louis St. Louis Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls St. Louis, MO Waterloo, IL Meekopora Meekopora megastoma megastoma Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Meekopora megastoma Keokuk Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma megastoma Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Columbia, IL Curryville, MO Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Spergen Hill, IN 236 County Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO Monroe County, IL Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Monroe County, IL Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Bureau County, IL Washington County, IN Table 4, cont’d Genus Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora species megastoma megastoma mikuckii Locality Available St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Kuznets Basin pinnata Rock Unit Warsaw Warsaw TourinaseanTaikohskoe early Burlington Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora pinnata pinnata pinnata pinnata Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Calhoun County, IL Montezuma, IL Quincy, IL Sagetown, IL Meekopora prosseri Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Meekopora prosseri Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Gansu Province, China Meekopora prosseri Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Meekopora regularis Kuznets Basin Meekopora tenuis TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Gansu Province, China Meekopora tenuis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan 237 Burlington, IA Chouniugou County St. Louis County, MO Hancock County, IL Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Pike County, IL Adams County, IL Henderson County, IL Gansu Province, China Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Meekopora Meekopora species trifolia trifolia Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Locality Available Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Meekopora trifolia Keokuk Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora trifolia trifolia trifolia trifolia trifolia trifolia trifolia trifolia trifolia trifolia xxx xxx Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora Meekopora xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Meekopora xxx Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Meekopora xxx Thunder Springs 238 Mohave County, AZ County Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Mohave County, AZ Table 4, cont’d Genus Meekopora species xxx yini Rock Unit Tourinasean- Hikoroichi sh Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Hikoroichi, S Kitakami massif Anhua Meekopora Meekopora yini Lower Carboniferous Meekopora yini Lower Carboniferous Meekopora yini Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Chouniugou Meekopora yini Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Meekopora yini Lower Carboniferousupper Baxoi County, Tibet Meekopora yini Lower Carboniferousupper Markan County, Tibet Meekopora yini Lower Carboniferousupper Rutog County, Tibet Meekopora yini Lower Carboniferousupper Zogang County, Tibet Meekoporella balladoolensis Asbian Armaugh County 239 Xiehau County Iwate Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Anhua County, Hunan, China Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Gansu Province, China Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Meekoporella species balladoolensis Rock Unit Asbian Meekoporella balladoolensis Asbian Isle of Man Meekoporella balladoolensis Asbian- Apron reef ls Derbyshire, Eng Meekoporella balladoolensis Isle of Man Meekoporella bancrofti Meekoporella bancrofti Asbian- Balladoole Coral Asbian- Balladoole Coral Brigantian- Hotwells ls Meekoporella xxx Visean- Lower(Hina ls) Meekoporella xxx Visean-(Lower) Akiyoshi ls Megacanthopora Megacanthopora Megacanthopora Metapora altaica composita gracilis irregularis Tourinasean Tourinasean Tourinasean Keokuk- Borden Group Crawfordsville, IN Minilya Morozovapora sivonella akiyoshiensis Keokuk Chester-Akiyoshi fmt Caney Creek, KY Mizuta, Japan 240 Locality Available County Derbyshire, Eng Somerset, Eng Somerset, Eng 52 km W of Okayama, Japan Akiyoshi, Japan Okayama Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Rudnyi Altai Gobi-altai Mongolia Montgomery County, IN Russell County, KY Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Table 4, cont’d Genus Morozovapora species akiyoshiensis Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Morozovapora xxx Middle CarboniferousAkiyoshi ls Morozovapora xxx Visean- Akiyoshi ls Akiyoshi, Japan Nemacanthopora Nematopora Nematopora costata hibernica kusbassensis Tournasean Asbian- Glencar ls Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Nematopora tulensis Visean Don Basin Nematopora tulensis Visean- Early Nematopora turkestanica Lower Carboniferous Central Don River, Russia Lake Bashkal Nematopora turkestanica Lower Carboniferous Nematopora xxx Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Nematopora xxx Neorhombopora astricta Tourinasean- Hikoroichi sh Tournasean 241 Locality Available County Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Afghanistan Fermanagh County Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Rostov Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Eastern Kazakhstan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Morioka Province, Japan Hikoroichi, S Kitakami massif Iwate Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Transcaucasa Table 4, cont’d Genus Neorhombopora species consona Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available County Kazakhstan Nicklesopora angustiaperturata Kuznets Basin Nicklesopora attenuata TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Keokuk- Borden Group Nicklesopora bigemina Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Montgomery County, IN Gansu Province, China Nicklesopora bigemina Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Nicklesopora carnosa Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Nicklesopora Nicklesopora collatata collatata Carboniferous- Early Lower Carboniferous Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Mongolia Mongolia Nicklesopora decipiens Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Nicklesopora dichotoma Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Nicklesopora elegantiformis Lower Carboniferous Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Altai Kraj, Russia Nicklesopora exigua Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Nicklesopora exigua TourinaseanTaikohskoe early Kuznets Basin 242 Crawfordsville, IN Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Nicklesopora species exigua Nicklesopora exigua Rock Unit TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean- Early Nicklesopora Nicklesopora hostica hostica Carboniferous- Early Lower Carboniferous Nicklesopora ohioensis Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Nicklesopora ohioensis Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Nicklesopora persimilis Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Nicklesopora Nicklesopora simulatrix simulatrix Carboniferous- Early Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Nicklesopora tabulata Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Nicklesopora taidonensis Lower Carboniferous Nicklesopora Nicklesopora Nicklesopora taidonensis taidonensis taidonensis Nicklesopora tersiensis Tourinasean Tourinasean TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Nicklesopora tersiensis Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Nicklesopora tersiensis Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin 243 Locality Available Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Kazakhstan Kuznets Basin County Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Mongolia Mongolia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Mongolia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kazakhstan Central Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Nicklesopora varians Keokuk- Borden Group Crawfordsville, IN Nicklesopora varians Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Nicklesoporidae Nicklesoporidae Nikiforovella Nikiforovella Nikiforovella avaspinalis longhuiensis alternata beltensis bytchokensis Mengkungao fmt Liuiatang fmt Visean Chester- Otter Fmt Tourinasean- early Longhui Longhui Nikiforovella bytchokensis Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Nikiforovella bytchokensis Kuznets Basin Nikiforovella bytchokensis Nikiforovella bytchokensis TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Tournasean Nikiforovella bytchokensis Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Nikiforovella diaphragmata Kuznets Basin Nikiforovella diaphragmata TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Tournasean Nikiforovella elegantua Lower Carboniferous Nikiforovella Nikiforovella elegntula elegntula Tournasean Tournasean 244 Armington, MT Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Kuberganda County Oblast, Russia Montgomery County, IN Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Hunan, China Hunan, China Altai Kraj, Russia Cascade County, MT Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Iran Kara Tau, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Nikiforovella humilis Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Nikiforovella idigena Tournasean Nikiforovella Nikiforovella Nikiforovella idigena indigena kasakhstanica Tournasean Carboniferous- Early Lower Carboniferous Lake Bashkal Nikiforovella kasakhstanica Visean- Late Tom Kuznets Basin Nikiforovella Nikiforovella kazakstanica kazakstanica Tournasean Tournasean Nikiforovella kutchumondensis Carboniferous- Early Nikiforovella kutchumondensis Tournasean Nikiforovella kutchumondensis Tournasean Nikiforovella kutchumondensis Visean- Early Nikiforovella mukhini Lower Carboniferous Nikiforovella mukhini Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Nikiforovella Nikiforovella mukhini mukhini Tournasean Tournasean Kuberganda 245 County Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Mongolia Mongolia Eastern Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Mongolia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Mongolia Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Iran Kara Tau, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Nikiforovella mukhini Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Nikiforovella multipitata Tourinasean- early Kuznets Basin Nikiforovella multipitata Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Nikiforovella multipitata Kuznets Basin Nikiforovella multipitata Nikiforovella multipitata TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean- Early Nikiforovella nana Lower Carboniferous Nikiforovella Nikiforovella nana nana Visean Visean podmoskovnii Nikiforovella Nikiforovella operculata operculata Visean Visean podmoskovnii Nikiforovella Nikiforovella Nikiforovella Nikiforovella pahangensis pahangensis proealternata spiralis Visean Visean- Shale Visean Keokuk- Borden Group Nikiforovella Nikiforovella ulbensis xianzaensis Visean Lower Carboniferous 246 Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Pahang, Malaysia Crawfordsville, IN County Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Xianza, Tibet Russian Platform Russian Platforn, Russia Russian Platform Russian Platforn, Russia Thailand Pahang, Malaysia NE Russsia Montgomery County, IN Altai Kraj, Russia Xianza, Tibet Table 4, cont’d Genus Nikiforovella Nipponostenopora Nipponostenopora species xxx bifoliata elegantula Rock Unit Chester- Bangor ls Visean- Upper Lower CarboniferousFukuji ls Locality Available Nipponostenopora Nipponostenopora karatauensis sinensis Visean- Upper Lower Namurian Karatau, Kazakhstan Weining Nipponostenopora yangfangensis Namurian Zhanyi Ogbinopora xxx Visean- Akiyoshi ls Akiyoshi, Japan Orthopora Parafenestella Parafenestella bifurcata formosa formosa Lower Caboniferous Brigantian Visean Paranicklesopora collata Lower Carboniferous Northern Mongolia Paranicklesopora elenae Visean Paranicklesopora hostica Lower Carboniferous Govi-Altai province, Mongolia Northern Mongolia Paranicklesopora Parastenodiscus stupenda manakovi Tournasean- middle SE Armenia Namurian/Serpukhovian SW Altai-Nuruu Mtns Penneretepora osbornei Lower Carboniferous 247 Karatau, Kazakhstan Killymeal, Dungannon Glen William County Blount County, AL Zhambyl, Kazakhstan Siroishi Province, Japan Zhambyl, Kazakhstan Guizhou Province, China Yunnan, China Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Germany Tyrone County Dungannon County SE Armenia Govi-Altai province, Mongolia NSW, AU Table 4, cont’d Genus Penniretepora Penniretepora species ardmorensis decora Rock Unit Chester Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Locality Available Carter County, OK County Carter County, OK Morioka Province, Japan Penniretepora elegans Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Penniretepora elegans Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Penniretepora elegans Namurian Penniretepora elegans Haute-Garrone Province, France Ayrshire, Scotland Penniretepora flexicarinata Visean- Lower LS Group Asbian Haute-Garrone Province, France Beith Northumberland, Eng Penniretepora Penniretepora Penniretepora Penniretepora Penniretepora Penniretepora Penniretepora flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa fomitchevi Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Visean- Early Redesdale, Northumberland Celina, TN Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Jackson County, TN Livingston, TN Overton County, TN Kuznets Basin Penniretepora fragilis Lower Carboniferous Malmoe Parish 248 Clay County, TN Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Jackson County, TN Overton County, TN Overton County, TN Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia QLD, AU Table 4, cont’d Genus Penniretepora species fragilis Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousUzura Locality Available County Pahang, Malaysia Penniretepora houheishanensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Penniretepora intermediaformis Carboniferous- Early Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Mongolia Penniretepora Penniretepora iwaii laxa Visean- Shale Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Pahang, Malaysia Xiehau Pahang, Malaysia Gansu Province, China Penniretepora longicellata Visean srednii Penniretepora ofukuensis Lower CarboniferousUzura Severnaya Zemlya Archipeligo, Russia Pahang, Malaysia Penniretepora parvicapillare Visean srednii Penniretepora pluma Lower Carboniferous Archerbeck Borehole Severnaya Zemlya Archipeligo, Russia Dumfries, Scotland Penniretepora spinosa Brigantian Penniretepora Penniretepora triangulata triserialis Visean Lower Carboniferous podmoskovnii Treak Cliff East Kilbride, Scotland Russian Platform Derbyshire, Eng Penniretepora Penniretepora ulbensis vinei Carboniferous- Early Keokuk Celina, TN Mongolia Clay County, TN 249 Table 4, cont’d Genus Penniretepora Penniretepora Penniretepora Penniretepora Penniretepora Penniretepora species vinei vinei vinei vinei vinei wilsoneri Penniretepora xxx Penniretepora Penniretepora xxx xxx Penniretepora Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Arnsbergian- Upper Ls Group Asbian Locality Available Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Jackson County, TN Livingston, TN Overton County, TN Carluke County Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Jackson County, TN Overton County, TN Overton County, TN Strathclyde, Scotland Llandudno, North Wales North Wales Juab County, Utah Mongolia Juab County, UT xxx Carboniferous- Early Chester- Chainman Shale Chester- Wymps Gap ls Chalk Hill, Ohiopyle Fayette County, PA Penniretepora xxx Chester- Wymps Gap ls Fayette County, PA Fayette County, PA Penniretepora xxx Chester-Akiyoshi fmt Isa, Japan Penniretepora xxx Dinantian Penniretepora xxx Lower Carboniferous Penniretepora xxx Lower Carboniferous Llandudno, North Wales Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan North Wales Penniretepora xxx Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls 250 Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Morioka Province, Japan Table 4, cont’d Genus Penniretepora species xxx Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Locality Available County Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Penniretepora xxx Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Penniretepora xxx Lower CarboniferousUzura Penniretepora Penniretepora Penniretepora xxx xxx xxx Penniretepora XXX Mooney Falls Thunder Springs Tourinasean- Hikoroichi sh Tourinasean- Late Mohave County, AZ Mohave County, AZ Hikoroichi, S Kitakami massif Kuznets Basin Penniretepora xxx Visean- Akiyoshi ls Akiyoshi, Japan Penniretepora XXX Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Penniretepora Permofenestella Petalotrypa xxx mesopora clivula Visean- Shale Liuiatang fmt Visean- Early Pahang, Malaysia Longhui Kuznets Basin Petalotrypa kossmati Lower Carboniferous Petalotrypa kossmati Lower Carboniferous 251 Pahang, Malaysia Mohave County, AZ Mohave County, AZ Iwate Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Pahang, Malaysia Hunan, China Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Turkestan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Table 4, cont’d Genus Petalotrypa Petalotrypa Petalotrypa Petalotrypa Petalotrypa species kossmati punctata spinifera spinifera XXX Rock Unit Visean- Upper Visean Tourinasean Tourinasean Visean- Early Tom Locality Available Karatau, Kazakhstan podmoskovnii Central Kazakhstan Phyllopora portalensis Paradise, AZ Phyllopora xxx Chester- Paradise fmt, 5th Lower Carboniferous Pinnatopora bipinnata Lower Carboniferous Lake Bashkal Eastern Kazakhstan Pinnatopora bipinnata Tournaisian Bahnhof Isenbugel Pinnatopora bipinnata Tournaisian Pinnatopora Pinnatopora conferta conferta Keokuk Keokuk Wasserfall bei Velbert Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Pinnatopora conferta Keokuk North RhineWestphalia, Germany North RhineWestphalia, Germany Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora conferta conferta conferta conferta conferta conferta conferta Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Kuznets Basin Turkestan Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Jersey County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL 252 County Zhambyl, Kazakhstan Russian Platform Central Kazakhstan Central Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Cochise County, AZ Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Jersey County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora species conferta conferta conferta conferta curvata curvata Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Waverly Waverly Locality Available Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH County Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Turkestan Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora curvata curvata curvata curvata curvata curvata flexicarinata Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Lower Carboniferous Pinnatopora Pinnatopora flexuosa flexuosa Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA flexuosa Keokuk flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora 253 Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora species flexuosa flexuosa intermedia intermedia Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Waverly Waverly Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora intermedia intermedia intermedia intermedia intermedia intermedia longicellata Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Visean Pinnatopora longicellata Visean- Late Pinnatopora Pinnatopora minor minor Waverly Waverly Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora minor minor minor minor minor minor parvicapillare Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Visean Pinnatopora parvicapillare Visean- Late 254 Locality Available St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Don Basin Central Don River, Russia Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Don Basin Central Don River, Russia County Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Rostov Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Rostov Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Pinnatopora Pinnatopora species simulatrix simulatrix Rock Unit Waverly Waverly Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix striata striata Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Keokuk Keokuk Pinnatopora striata Keokuk Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora striata striata striata striata striata striata striata striata striata striata subangulata subangulata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Waverly Waverly Pinnatopora subangulata Waverly Locality Available Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI 255 County Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Table 4, cont’d Genus Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora species subangulata subangulata subangulata subangulata subangulata tenuiramosa tenuiramosa Rock Unit Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora tenuiramosa tenuiramosa tenuiramosa tenuiramosa tenuiramosa tenuiramosa vinei vinei Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Keokuk Keokuk Pinnatopora vinei Keokuk Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora vinei vinei vinei vinei vinei vinei vinei vinei vinei Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Locality Available Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO 256 County Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora species vinei vinei vinei Rock Unit Keokuk Waverly Waverly Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora vinei vinei vinei vinei vinei vinei xxx Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Lower Carboniferous Pinnatopora xxx Visean Hagen Pinnatopora Pinnatopora youngi youngi Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Pinnatopora youngi Keokuk Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora youngi youngi youngi youngi youngi youngi youngi youngi youngi Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO 257 Locality Available Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH County Hancock County, IL Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan North RhineWestphalia, Germany Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora species youngi youngi youngi Rock Unit Keokuk Waverly Waverly Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Pinnatopora Polyfenestella youngi youngi youngi youngi youngi youngi fenestelliformis Polyfenestella fenestelliformis Polypora actaschensis Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Brigantian- Lower ls group Brigantian- Lower ls group Lower Carboniferous Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora approximata approximata approximata approximata approximata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora approximata approximata approximata approximata approximata approximata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Locality Available Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Corrieburn County Hancock County, IL Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Campsie, Scotland Dykehead Pit, High Blantyre High Blantyre, Scotland Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, 258 Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Polypora Polypora approximata approximata Chester Chester Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora approximata approximata approximata approximata approximata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Polypora approximata Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Polypora approximata Chester Stepensport, KY Polypora Polypora approximata binodus Polypora biseriata Chester Brigantian- Lower ls group Lower Carboniferous Campsie Hills, Kilsyth Lake Bashkal Polypora biseriata Lower Carboniferous Polypora Polypora biseriata biseriata St. Louis Tourinasean- Late Polypora biseriata Visean- Early Polypora biseriata Visean- Early Tom Polypora biseriata Visean- Late Tom 259 Locality Available KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Kilsyth, Scotland Eastern Kazakhstan Turkestan St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Polypora biseriata Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora biseriata biseriata biseriata biseriata Warsaw Warsaw Waverly Waverly Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Visean- Early Polypora biseriata biseriata biseriata biseriata biseriata biseriata biseriata kusbassensis burlingtonensis Monroe County, IL Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Kuznets Basin Burlington Burlington, IA Polypora burlingtonensis Burlington Calhoun County, IL County Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Monroe County, IL Hancock County, IL Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Polypora burlingtonensis Burlington Polypora burlingtonensis Burlington Henderson County, IL Montezuma, IL Henderson County, IL Pike County, IL Polypora burlingtonensis Burlington Quincy, IL Adams County, IL Polypora burlingtonensis Burlington Sagetown, IL Henderson County, IL 260 Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora species cesteriensis Rock Unit Visean- Early Tom Locality Available Kuznets Basin Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Polypora Polypora cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester Anna, IL Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Polypora cestriensis Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Polypora cestriensis Chester St. Genevieve, MO 261 County Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Madison County, IL Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY St. Lane County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora species cestriensis Rock Unit Chester Polypora Polypora cestriensis cestriensis Polypora cestriensis Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester- Paradise fmt, 5th Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Chester-Glen Dean Great Blue ls Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Polypora cestriensis Lower Carboniferous Polypora cestriensis Lower Carboniferous Polypora cestriensis Lower CarboniferousStesevsky Horizon Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora cestriensis complanata complanata complanata Visean Chester Chester Chester Paradise, AZ County Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Cochise County, AZ Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Crane, IN Tooele County, UT Celina, TN Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Jackson County, TN Livingston, TN Overton County, TN Lake Bashkal Martin County, IN Tooele County, UT Clay County, TN Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Jackson County, TN Overton County, TN Overton County, TN Eastern Kazakhstan Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Russian Platform podmoskovnii Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY 262 Locality Available Stepensport, KY Russian Platform Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora Polypora species complanata complanata Rock Unit Chester Chester Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora complanata complanata complanata complanata complanata complanata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Polypora Polypora complanata complanata Chester Chester Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora complanata complanata complanata complanata complanata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Polypora complanata Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Polypora complanata Chester Stepensport, KY Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora complanata conspecta corticosa corticosa corticosa Chester Carboniferous- Early Chester Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY 263 Locality Available Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Mongolia Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora Polypora species corticosa corticosa Rock Unit Chester Chester Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora corticosa corticosa corticosa corticosa corticosa corticosa Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Polypora Polypora corticosa corticosa Chester Chester Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora corticosa corticosa corticosa corticosa corticosa Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Polypora corticosa Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Polypora corticosa Chester Stepensport, KY Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora corticosa corticosa corticosa corticosa Chester Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Wymps Gap ls Brachville, IN Eckerty, IN Fayette County, PA 264 Locality Available Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Perry County, IN Crawford County, IN Fayette County, PA Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora species debilis debilis dendroides dendroides Rock Unit Chester Manning Canyon sh Courceyan Courceyan- Hook Hand ls Dinantian Dinantian Lower Carboniferousgrey arenaceous schists Locality Available Carter County, OK Tooele County, UT Polypora Polypora Polypora dendroides dendroides elegantissima Polypora Polypora elliptica ermakiensis Visean- Shale Visean- Early Pahang, Malaysia Kuznets Basin Polypora Polypora Polypora gracilis gracilis gracilis Chester Keokuk Keokuk Langston Gap, AL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Polypora gracilis Keokuk Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora gracilis gracilis gracilis gracilis gracilis gracilis gracilis gracilis gracilis Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO 265 Dobsina, Slovakia County Carter County, OK Tooele County, UT Wexford County Wexford County Cavan County Laois County Kosice Region, Slovakia Pahang, Malaysia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Jackson County, AL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora Polypora species gracilis gracilis Rock Unit Keokuk Visean Locality Available Warsaw, IL Khao Noi, Thailand Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora gracilis halliana halliana halliana Warsaw Carboniferous- Early Keokuk Keokuk Warsaw, IL Polypora halliana Keokuk Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora halliana halliana halliana halliana halliana halliana halliana halliana halliana halliana halliana Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Chouniugou Polypora Polypora halliana halliana St. Louis Visean- Early Tom Warsaw, IL Kuznets Basin Polypora Polypora halliana halliana Warsaw Warsaw Columbia, IL Curryville, MO 266 Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA County Hancock County, IL Songkhla State, Thailand Hancock County, IL Mongolia Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Gansu Province, China Hancock County, IL Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Monroe County, IL Pike County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora Polypora Polypora species halliana halliana halliana Rock Unit Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora halliana halliana imbricata impressa impressa Warsaw Warsaw Chester Waverly Waverly Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora impressa impressa impressa impressa impressa impressa inornata jucunda Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Carboniferous- Early Visean- Early Tom Polypora kassini Lower Carboniferous Polypora kassini Lower Carboniferous Polypora kiniensis Lower Carboniferous Polypora kiniensis kaindiensis Lower Carboniferous 267 Locality Available Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Spergen Hill, IN County Monroe County, IL Bureau County, IL Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Illinois Basin Burbank, OH Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, Cuyahoga County, OH OH Hillsdale, MI Hillsdale County, MI Lodi, OH Medina County, OH Moots Run, OH Licking County, OH Newark, OH Licking County, OH Richfield, OH Summit County, OH Sciotoville, OH Scioto County, OH Mongolia Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Gansu Province, Qilian Shan Mountains China Qilian Shan Qinghai Province, Mountains China Turkestan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora species kolvae Rock Unit Lower Carboniferousgrey arenaceous schists Locality Available Dobsina, Slovakia County Kosice Region, Slovakia Polypora krutikhensis Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Polypora krutikhensis Kuznets Basin Polypora krutikhensis TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean- Early Polypora kusedeevensis Polypora Polypora Polypora maccoyana maccoyana maccoyana TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Carboniferous- Early Keokuk Keokuk Polypora maccoyana Keokuk Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Mongolia Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora maccoyana maccoyana maccoyana maccoyana maccoyana maccoyana maccoyana maccoyana maccoyana maccoyana Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL 268 Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora species maccoyana Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Chouniugou County Gansu Province, China Polypora maccoyana Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Polypora maccoyana Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Polypora maccoyana Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Polypora maccoyana ulbensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Polypora maccoyana ulbensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Polypora maccoyaniformis Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Polypora maccoyaniformis Lower Carboniferous Polypora maccoyaniformis Visean- Early Tom Polypora maccoyaniformis irregularicella Lower Carboniferous Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Polypora micronodosa Humbug ftn 269 Kuznets Basin Utah County, UT Utah County, UT Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora species multispinosa multispinosa multispinosa multispinosa nanshanensis Rock Unit Chester Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Lower Carboniferous Polypora nanshanensis Lower Carboniferous Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora nodolinearis nodolinearis nodolinearis obscura Chester Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Visean- Early Polypora Polypora Polypora ordinata ovicellata paucula Polypora polita Carboniferous- Early Chester TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean Polypora polita Visean- Late Polypora polyclada Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls County Illinois Basin Perry County, IN Crawford County, IN Perry County, IN Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Illinois Basin Perry County, IN Perry County, IN Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Mongolia Carter County, OK Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Rostov Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Morioka Province, Japan Polypora pseudospininodata Carboniferous- Early Mongolia Polypora Polypora radialis radialis Carboniferous- Early Keokuk Mongolia Hancock County, IL 270 Locality Available Brachville, IN Eckerty, IN Leopold, IN Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Brachville, IN Leopold, IN Kuznets Basin Carter County, OK Kuznets Basin Don Basin Central Don River, Russia Appanoosa, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora species radialis Rock Unit Keokuk Locality Available Bentonsport, IA Polypora radialis Keokuk Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Waverly Waverly Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis retrorsa retrorsa Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Polypora retrorsa Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY 271 County Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora species retrorsa retrorsa retrorsa retrorsa retrorsa retrorsa retrorsa retrorsa retrorsa retrorsa retrosa sibirica sibirica Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Carboniferous- Early Lower Carboniferous Polypora sibirica Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Polypora sibirica Lower Carboniferous Polypora sibirica Lower CarboniferousStesevsky Horizon Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Russian Platform Polypora Polypora sibirica simmulatrix Visean Keokuk podmoskovnii Bentonsport, IA Polypora simmulatrix Keokuk Polypora Polypora simmulatrix simmulatrix Keokuk Keokuk Henderson County, IL Keokuk, IA Nauvoo, IL 272 Locality Available Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Keokuk, IA Lake Bashkal County Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Lee County, IA Mongolia Eastern Kazakhstan Russian Platform Van Buren County, IA Henderson County, IL Lee County, IA Hancock County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora Polypora Polypora species simmulatrix simulatrix simulatrix Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Locality Available Warsaw, IL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Polypora simulatrix Keokuk Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Polypora Polypora simulatrix sinospininodata Warsaw Lower Carboniferous Polypora sinospininodata Lower Carboniferous Polypora spininodata Lower Carboniferous Polypora spininodata Lower Carboniferous Polypora spininodata Tourinasean- Late 273 Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Kuznets Basin County Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Turkestan Hardin County, IL Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Kemerovskaya Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Polypora spininodata Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Polypora spininodata Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Polypora spininodata Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora spininodata spinodata spinulifera spinulifera spinulifera spinulifera spinulifera Warsaw Keokuk Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora spinulifera spinulifera spinulifera spinulifera spinulifera spinulifera Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Polypora Polypora Polypora spinulifera spinulifera spinulifera Chester Chester Chester Warsaw, IL Warsaw, IL Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Monroe County, IL Newtonville, OH Polypora Polypora spinulifera spinulifera Chester Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL 274 County Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Monroe County, IL Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora Polypora Polypora species spinulifera spinulifera spinulifera Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Polypora spinulifera Chester Locality Available Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Polypora spinulifera Chester Stepensport, KY Polypora Polypora spinulifera spinulifera Polypora Polypora spinulifera spinulifera Chester Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Chester-Glen Dean Lower Carboniferous Polypora stansburyensis Humbug ftn Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora stenostoma stenostoma subtilis sulcifera Tournasian Visean Visean- Shale Lower Carboniferous Polypora tienzhuensis Lower Carboniferous Polypora tienzhuensis Lower Carboniferous Polypora tienzhuensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn 275 Paradise, AZ County Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Cochise County, AZ Crane, IN Martin County, IN Turkestan Tooele County, UT Tooele County, UT Pahang, Malaysia Malmoe Parish Fermanagh County Fermanagh County Pahang, Malaysia QLD, AU Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Mt. Qilian Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora species tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Polypora Polypora tuberculata tuberculata Chester Chester Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Polypora tuberculata Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Polypora tuberculata Chester Stepensport, KY Polypora Polypora tuberculata tuberculata Chester Chester-Glen Dean Crane, IN 276 Locality Available Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Illinois Basin Martin County, IN Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora Polypora species tuberculata undulata Rock Unit Warsaw Tourinasean- Late Locality Available Chester, IL Kuznets Basin Polypora undulata Kuznets Basin Polypora undulata Polypora TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Polypora undulata macrocellata undulata macrocellata undulata macrocellata varsoviensis TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Tourinasean- Late Polypora varsoviensis Lower Carboniferous Polypora Polypora varsoviensis varsoviensis St. Louis Visean- Early Polypora varsoviensis Visean- Early Tom Polypora varsoviensis Visean- Pokblrkov Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora varsoviensis varsoviensis varsoviensis varsoviensis Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Polypora Polypora Lower Carboniferous 277 Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin County Randolf County, IL Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Turkestan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Bureau County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora species varsoviensis Rock Unit Warsaw Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora varsoviensis varsoviensis whitei whitei Warsaw Warsaw Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora whitei whitei whitei whitei whitei Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Polypora xxx Asbian Polypora xxx Asbian Polypora xxx Polypora Polypora Polypora xxx xxx xxx Polypora Polypora xxx xxx Chester- Chainman Shale Chester- Greenbrier Chester- Haney ls Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Polypora Polypora xxx xxx Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls 278 Locality Available Spergen Hill, IN County Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR North Wales Llandudno, North Wales Nant-y-Gamar, Conwy County, Wales Wales Millard County, Utah Millard County, UT Sulphur, IN Paradise, AZ Fayette County, PA Crawford County, IN Cochise County, AZ Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora Polypora Polypora species xxx xxx xxx Rock Unit Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Locality Available Polypora xxx Chester- Wymps Gap ls Chalk Hill, Ohiopyle Polypora Polypora xxx xxx Chester-Glen Dean Dinantian Martin County, IN North Wales Polypora xxx Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Crane, IN Llandudno, North Wales Mt. Qilian Polypora Polypora Polypora xxx xxx xxx Mohave County, AZ Yavapai County, AZ Paradise, AZ Mohave County, AZ Yavapai County, AZ Cochise County, AZ Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora Polypora xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Mohave County, AZ Yavapai County, AZ Kazakhstan Polypora xxx Mooney Falls Mooney Falls Ste. GenevieveParadise fmt, 3rd member Thunder Springs Thunder Springs Tourinasean Tourinasean Tourinasean- Hikoroichi sh Tournasean Polypora xxx Visean- Akiyoshi ls Akiyoshi, Japan Mohave County, AZ Yavapai County, AZ Kazakhstan Central Kazakhstan Iwate Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Songkhla State, Thailand Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan 279 Hikoroichi, S Kitakami massif Khao Noi, Thailand County Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Fayette County, PA Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Polypora species xxx Rock Unit Visean- Lower(Hina ls) Primorella iranica Visean Primorella Prismopora testata nipponica Tournasean- middle Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora serratula serratula serrulata serrulata serrulata serrulata serrulata Chester Chester-Glen Dean Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora serrulata serrulata serrulata serrulata serrulata serrulata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Prismopora Prismopora serrulata serrulata Chester Chester Crane, IN Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Prismopora Prismopora serrulata serrulata Chester Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL 280 Locality Available 60 km W of Okayama, Japan Eastern Alburz Mnts, Iran SE Armenia County Okayama Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Golestan Province, Iran SE Armenia Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Illinois Basin Martin County, IN Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora species serrulata serrulata serrulata Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Prismopora serrulata Chester Locality Available Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Prismopora serrulata Chester Stepensport, KY Prismopora serrulata Chester- Glen Dean Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora Prismopora serrulata serrulata trifolia trifolia trifolia xxx xxx xxx Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Chester- Bangor Ls Chester- Bangor ls Chester- Wymps Gap ls Chalk Hill, Ohiopyle Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Crawford County, IN Grayson County, KY Lee County, IA Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Blount County, AL Blount County, AL Fayette County, PA Prismopora xxx Chester- Wymps Gap ls Fayette County, PA Fayette County, PA Prismopora Protoretepora xxx xxx Visean Chester- Wymps Gap ls Fayette County, PA Armaugh County Fayette County, PA Protoretepora xxx Visean- Akiyoshi ls Akiyoshi, Japan Proutella discoidea Keokuk Appanoosa, IL 281 Keokuk, IA LaGrange, MO Warsaw, IL Reid Gap, AR County Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Hancock County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Proutella species discoidea Rock Unit Keokuk Locality Available Bentonsport, IA Proutella discoidea Keokuk Proutella Proutella Proutella Proutella Proutella Proutella Proutella Proutella Proutella Proutella Proutella Proutella Proutella Proutella Proutella Proutella Proutella Pseudobatostmella discoidea discoidea discoidea discoidea discoidea discoidea discoidea discoidea discoidea discoidea discoidea discoidea discoidea discoidea discoidea discoidea discoidea akagoensis Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Button Mole Knob, KY Celina, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Greene County, IL Hamilton, IL Jackson County, TN Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Livingston, TN Nauvoo, IL Overton County, TN Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Pseudobatostmella akagoensis Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls 282 County Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clay County, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Greene County, IL Hancock County, IL Jackson County, TN Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Overton County, TN Hancock County, IL Overton County, TN Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Table 4, cont’d Genus Pseudobatostmella species granulosa Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Locality Available County Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Pseudobatostmella xxx Visean- Lower(Hina ls) Pseudobatostmella xxx Visean-(Lower) Akiyoshi ls 53 km W of Okayama, Japan Akiyoshi, Japan Okayama Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Pahang, Malaysia Pseudobatostomella chaidamuensis Lower Carboniferous Pseudobatostomella chaidamuensis Lower Carboniferous Pseudobatostomella granulosa Lower CarboniferousUzura Pseudobatostomella sinica Lower Carboniferous Pseudobatostomella sinica Lower Carboniferous Pseudohornera Pseudonematopora ossipovae peregrina Visean Tournasean Pseudonematopora petchorensis Visean Pseudonematopora planatus Asbian- Glencar ls Komi Republic, Russia Fermanagh County Pseudonematopora turkestanica Tournasean Altai Kraj, Russia 283 Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains podmoskovnii Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Russian Platform Altai Kraj, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Pseudonematopora species xxx Rock Unit Visean Pseudonematopora xxx Visean Pseudounitrypa kondomensis Pseudounitrypa sibirica TourinaseanTaikohskoe early Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Pseudounitrypa sibirica minor Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Ptilofenestella carrickensis Lower Carboniferous Ptilopora acuta Burlington Burlington, IA Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora acuta acuta acuta acuta Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Calhoun County, IL Montezuma, IL Quincy, IL Sagetown, IL Ptilopora Ptilopora acuta acuta Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Ptilopora acuta Keokuk Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora acuta acuta acuta acuta acuta Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO 284 Locality Available Kuznets Basin County Altai Kraj, Russia Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Fermanagh County Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Pike County, IL Adams County, IL Henderson County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora species acuta acuta acuta acuta acuta acuta Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Ptilopora Ptilopora cylindracea cylindracea Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Ptilopora cylindracea Keokuk Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora cylindracea cylindracea cylindracea cylindracea cylindracea cylindracea cylindracea cylindracea cylindracea cylindracea dentata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Lake Bashkal Ptilopora konincki Lower Carboniferous Glen William NSW, AU Ptilopora konincki Lower Carboniferous Rouchel Brook NSW, AU 285 County Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Eastern Kazakhstan Table 4, cont’d Genus Ptilopora species konincki Locality Available Lewinsbrook, NSW County NSW, AU paupera paupera Rock Unit TournaseanBingleburra Keokuk Keokuk Ptilopora Ptilopora Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Ptilopora paupera Keokuk Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora paupera paupera paupera paupera paupera paupera paupera paupera paupera paupera paupera paupera Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Waverly Waverly Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora paupera paupera paupera paupera paupera paupera prouti prouti Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly St. Louis Warsaw Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH St. Louis County, MO Columbia, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY 286 Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH St. Louis County, MO Monroe County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora species prouti prouti prouti prouti prouti Rock Unit Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora prouti prouti valida valida Warsaw Warsaw Keokuk Keokuk Ptilopora valida Keokuk Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptilopora valida valida valida valida valida valida valida valida valida valida valida valida Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous County Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Bureau County, IL Clark County, IN Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Appanoosa, IL Hancock County, IL Bentonsport, IA Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Greene County, IL Jersey County, IL Jersey County, IL Keokuk, IA Lee County, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lincoln County, KY Lagrange, MO Clark County, MO Nauvoo, IL Hancock County, IL Plymouth, IL Hancock County, IL Somerset, KY Pulaski County, KY St. Francisville, MO Clark County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Lake Bashkal Eastern Kazakhstan Ptilopora xxx Lower Carboniferous Lake Bashkal 287 Locality Available Curryville, MO Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL New Providence, IN Spergen Hill, IN Eastern Kazakhstan Table 4, cont’d Genus Ptilopora species xxx Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Ptilopora xxx Lower Carboniferous Ptilopora xxx Ptilopora Ptilopora Ptiloporella xxx xxx inequalis Ptiloporella varia Ptiloporella varia Ptiloporella varia Ptiloporella Ptylopora Ptylopora Ptylopora varicosa condrai eliasi pluma Lower Carboniferousgrey arenaceous schists Mooney Falls Thunder Springs Burlington-Chouteau Group Burlington-Chouteau Group Burlington-Chouteau Group Burlington-Chouteau Group Warsaw- Ullin ls Deseret ls Humbug ftn Asbian- Apron reef ls Ptylopora Ptylopora pluma pluma Brigantian Brigantian Ptylopora Ptylopora pluma pluma Brigantian Brigantian- Hadrow Shales 288 Locality Available Dobsina, Slovakia County Turkestan Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Kosice Region, Slovakia Mohave County, AZ Mohave County, AZ Boone County, MO Mohave County, AZ Mohave County, AZ Boone County, MO Boone County, MO Boone County, MO Cooper County, MO Cooper County, MO Pettis County, MO Pettis County, MO Ullin, IL Utah County, UT Tooele County, UT Pulaski County, IL Utah County, UT Tooele County, UT Derbyshire, Eng Clwyd East Kilbride, Scotland North Yorkshire North Yorkshire Table 4, cont’d Genus Ptylopora species pluma Rock Unit Brigantian- Halkyn Mnt Ptylopora Ptylopora Ptylopora Ptylopora pluma pluma pluma pluma Ptylopora Ptylopora Ptylopora Ptylopora pluma pluma pluma problema Chadian Courceyan Courceyan Courceyan- Hook Hand ls Dinantian Dinantian Dinantian Lower Carboniferous Ptylopora problema Lower Carboniferous Ptylopora xxx Ptylopora xxx Ptylopora xxx Burlington-Chouteau Group Burlington-Chouteau Group Lower Carboniferousgrey arenaceous schists Pycnopora Pycnopora Qilianopora lianyuanensis ovatipora halloporoides Tzemenchiao fmt Chester Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn 289 Locality Available Hook Head Penn Hook Head Penn County Clwyd Kildare County Dublin County Wexford County Wexford County Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Boone County, MO Dublin County Kildare County Wexford County Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Boone County, MO Cooper County, MO Cooper County, MO Dobsina, Slovakia Kosice Region, Slovakia Lianyuan Carter County, OK Mt. Qilian Hunan, China Carter County, OK Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Qilianopora species halloporoides Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Xiehau County Gansu Province, China Qilianopora inversa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Qilianopora inversa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Mt. Qilian Gansu Province, China Qilianopora membranacea Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Qilianopora membranacea Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Mt. Qilian Gansu Province, China Qilianopora membranacea Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Qilianopora pseudoinversa Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Mt. Qilian Gansu Province, China Ramipora variolata cavernosa Carboniferous? Pechora Region Ramipora variolata sinensis Carboniferous? Pechora Region Ramipora arborescens Carboniferous? Pechora Region Komi Republic, Russia Komi Republic, Russia Komi Republic, Russia 290 Table 4, cont’d Genus Ramipora species flexuosa Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Malmoe Parish County QLD, AU Ramipora minuta Carboniferous? Pechora Region Ramipora variolata Carboniferous? Pechora Region Ramiporalia bifurcata Lower Carboniferous Glen William Komi Republic, Russia Komi Republic, Russia NSW, AU Ramiporalia dichotoma Carboniferous? Pechora Region Ramiporalia robusta Namurian Ramiporalia Ramiporalia Ramiporalia Ramiporella xxx xxx xxx asimmetrica Chester- Bangor Ls Chester- Bangor ls Thunder Springs Carboniferous? Haute-Garrone Province, France Reid Gap, AR Ramiporella xxx Namurian Rectifenestella Rectifenestella Rectifenestella Rectifenestella Rectifenestella Rectifenestella Rectifenestella Rectifenestella Rectifenestella cecikensis concava invulgata langae macropora multispinosa multispinosa nododorsalis rudis Carboniferous- Early Chester- Otter Fmt Carboniferous- Early Carboniferous- Early Carboniferous- Early Carboniferous- Early Chester Carboniferous- Early Carboniferous- Early Mohave County, AZ Pechora Region Haute-Garrone Province, France 291 Armington, MT Langston Gap, AL Komi Republic, Russia Haute-Garrone Province, France Blount County, AL Blount County, AL Mohave County, AZ Komi Republic, Russia Haute-Garrone Province, France Mongolia Cascade County, MT Mongolia Mongolia Mongolia Mongolia Jackson County, AL Mongolia Mongolia Table 4, cont’d Genus Rectifenestella Rectifenestella Rectifenestella Rectifenestella Rectifenestella Rectifenestella Rectifenestella Rectifenestella Rectifenestella Rectifenestella species solitaria tenax tenax tenax tenax tenax tenax tenuissima texax xxx Locality Available Celina, TN Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Jackson County, TN Livingston, TN Overton County, TN Langston Gap, AL Langston Gap, AL Hook Head Penn County Mongolia Clay County, TN Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Jackson County, TN Overton County, TN Overton County, TN Jackson County, AL Jackson County, AL Wexford County xxx Rock Unit Carboniferous- Early Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Chester Chester Tourinasian- Hook Head ls Lower Carboniferous Reteporidra Reteporina Reteporina Reteporina Reteporina Reteporina flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Reteporina Reteporina Reteporina Reteporina Reteporina Reteporina flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Reteporina Reteporina flexuosa flexuosa Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, 292 Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Reteporina Reteporina Reteporina Reteporina Reteporina flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa flexuosa Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Reteporina flexuosa Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Reteporina flexuosa Chester Stepensport, KY Reteporina turkestanica Lower Carboniferous Lake Bashkal Reteporina turkestanica Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Reteporina turkestanica Lower Carboniferous Rhabdomeson artum Juab County, Utah Rhabdomeson artum Millard County, Utah Millard County, UT Rhabdomeson elegans Chester- Chainman Shale Chester- Chainman Shale Visean Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Juab County, UT Don Basin Rhabdomeson Rhabdomeson elegans elegans Visean Visean rysskaja Rhabdomeson elegans Visean- Mid Central Don River, Russia Rostov Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Volgograd Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia 293 County OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Eastern Kazakhstan Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhabdomeson species gracile Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available County Turkestan Rhabdomeson gracile Beith Ayrshire, Scotland rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson grannosus granosus granosus granosus granosus granosus Visean- Lower LS Group Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson granosus granosus granosus granosus granosus granosus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester rhabdomeson rhabdomeson granosus granosus Chester Chester rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson granosus granosus granosus granosus granosus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester rhabdomeson granosus Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY 294 Illinois Basin Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available rhabdomeson granosus Chester Stepensport, KY rhabdomeson Rhabdomeson Rhabdomeson granosus heckeri heckeri Chester Visean Visean Union County, IL podmoskovnii Rhabdomeson parvum Visean Rhabdomeson regulare Visean Don Basin Rhabdomeson Rhabdomeson regulare regulare Visean Visean rysskaja voronezskii Rhabdomeson regulare Visean- Early Rhabdomeson regularis Visean Central Don River, Russia Rothwaltersdorf in Schlesien rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhombicus rhombicus rhombicus rhombicus rhombicus rhombicus rhombicus Chester St. Louis Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw rhabdomeson rhabdomeson rhombicus rhombicus Warsaw Warsaw County KY Breckenridge County, KY Union County, IL Russian Platform Russian Platform, Russia Russian Platform, Russia Rostov Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Voronezskaya Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Silesia, Poland Illinois Basin Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Bureau County, IL Spergen Hill, IN Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL 295 Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhabdomeson species rhombifera Rock Unit Asbian Rhabdomeson rhombiferum Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Rhabdomeson rhombiferum Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Rhabdomeson Rhabdomeson rhombiterum sayramicium Asbian- Glencar ls Lower Carboniferous Rhabdomeson spinosum Visean Don Basin Rhabdomeson spinosum Visean voronezskii Rhabdomeson spinosum Visean Rhabdomeson spinosum Visean- Late Rhabdomeson Rhabdomeson Rhabdomeson Rhabdomeson xxx xxx xxx xxx Chester- Bangor Ls Chester- Bangor ls Chester- Haney ls Lower Carboniferous Rhabdomeson xxx Lower Carboniferousgrey arenaceous schists 296 Locality Available Redesdale, Northumberland Houeishan Xiehau County Northumberland, Eng Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Fermanagh County Turkmenistan Central Don River, Russia Reid Gap, AR Sulphur, IN Mundowran Dobsina, Slovakia Rostov Oblast, Russia Voronezskaya Oblast, Russia Russian Platform, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Blount County, AL Blount County, AL Crawford County, IN QLD, AU Kosice Region, Slovakia Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhabdomeson species xxx Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Locality Available County Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Rhabdomeson xxx Rhabdomeson xxx Tourinasean- Hikoroichi sh Visean- Akiyoshi ls Hikoroichi, S Kitakami massif Akiyoshi, Japan Rhabdomeson Rhabdomeson xxx yabei Visean- Shale Lower Carboniferous Pahang, Malaysia Iwate Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Pahang, Malaysia Japan Rhabdomeson yabei Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Rhombocladia borissiaki Visean- Late Rhombocladia borrissiaki Visean Central Don River, Russia Don Basin Rhombocladia borrissiaki Visean voronezskii Rhombocladia Rhombocladia Rhombocladia Rhombocladia Rhombocladia Rhombocladia Rhombocladia Rhombocladia dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma Asbian- Glencar ls Asbian- Glencar ls Asbian- Glencar ls Brigantian Brigantian Chadian Courceyan Dinantian 297 Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Volgograd Oblast, Russia Rostov Oblast, Russia Voronezskaya Oblast, Russia Cavan County Fermanagh County Kildare County Kildare County Tyrone County Dublin County Dublin County Dublin County Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombocladia species orientalis Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Xiehau County Gansu Province, China Rhombocladia septata Visean Don Basin Rhombocladia septata Visean voronezskii Rhombocladia septata Visean- Late Rhombocladia Rhombocladia Rhombopora Rhombopora xxx xxx altaica altaica Chester- Bangor Ls Chester- Bangor ls Tournasean Tournasean Central Don River, Russia Reid Gap, AR Rhombopora Rhombopora angustata angustata Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Rhombopora angustata Keokuk Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora angustata angustata angustata angustata angustata angustata angustata angustata angustata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Rostov Oblast, Russia Voronezskaya Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Blount County, AL Blount County, AL Altai Kraj, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY 298 Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora Rhombopora species angustata angustata Rock Unit Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Warsaw, IL Rhombopora angustata Lower Carboniferous Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora armata asperula asperula Chester-Glen Dean Keokuk Keokuk Crane, IN Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Rhombopora asperula Keokuk Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora asperula asperula asperula asperula asperula asperula asperula asperula asperula asperula attenuata attenuata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Rhombopora attenuata Keokuk Rhombopora Rhombopora attenuata attenuata Keokuk Keokuk Poltavs'ka, Ukraine Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL 299 County Hancock County, IL Donets'ka, Ukraine Martin County, IN Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora species attenuata attenuata attenuata attenuata attenuata attenuata attenuata attenuata attenuata bedfordensis bedfordensis bedfordensis bedofordensis Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Tournasean Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Locality Available Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Celina, TN Gainesboro, TN Livingston, TN Clay County, TN County Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Kazakhstan Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Overton County, TN Clay County, TN Rhombopora bedofordensis Keokuk Jackson County, TN Jackson County, TN Rhombopora bedofordensis Keokuk Overton County, TN Overton County, TN Rhombopora binodata Tournasean Rhombopora binodata Visean Weining Rhombopora binodata Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Rhombopora Rhombopora charasensis crassa Visean- Shale Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Pahang, Malaysia Chouniugou 300 Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Guizhou Province, China Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Pahang, Malaysia Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora species crassa Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Moshigou County Gansu Province, China Rhombopora Rhombopora decipens decipiens Monroe County, IL Paradise, AZ Monroe County, IL Cochise County, AZ Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora decipiens decipiens decipiens St. Louis Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN Rhombopora Rhombopora decipiens decipiens St. Louis St. Louis Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora decipiens decipiens decipiens St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora decipiens decipiens decipiens decipiens St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY St. Genevieve, MO Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora decipiens decipiens dichotoma St. Louis St. Louis Burlington St. Louis, MO Waterloo, IL Burlington, IA Rhombopora dichotoma Burlington Calhoun County, IL 301 Lyon County, KY Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO Monroe County, IL Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora species dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma Rock Unit Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Locality Available Hannibal, MO Montezuma, IL Quincy, IL Sagetown, IL Rhombopora Rhombopora dichotoma dichotoma Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Rhombopora dichotoma Keokuk Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma dichotoma elengantula elengantula Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Rhombopora elengantula Keokuk Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora elengantula elengantula elengantula Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA 302 County Marion County, MO Pike County, IL Adams County, IL Henderson County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora species elengantula elengantula elengantula elengantula elengantula elengantula elengantula exigua Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Burlington Locality Available Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Burlington, IA Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora exigua exigua exigua exigua Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Calhoun County, IL Montezuma, IL Quincy, IL Sagetown, IL Rhombopora exigua Lower Carboniferous Rhombopora exigua Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Rhombopora Rhombopora exigua floriformis Tournasean Tourinasean- Late Rhombopora floriformis Tournasean Rhombopora Rhombopora foerstei gracilis Chester Burlington Carter County, OK Burlington, IA Rhombopora gracilis Burlington Calhoun County, IL 303 Kuznets Basin County Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Pike County, IL Adams County, IL Henderson County, IL Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Morioka Province, Japan Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Carter County, OK Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora species gracilis gracilis gracilis Rock Unit Burlington Burlington Burlington Locality Available Montezuma, IL Quincy, IL Sagetown, IL Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora hexagona incrassata incrassata Asbian- Glencar ls Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Rhombopora incrassata Keokuk Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora incrassata incrassata incrassata incrassata incrassata incrassata incrassata incrassata incrassata incrassata incrassata incrassata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk- Borden Group Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Louisville, KY Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Crawfordsville, IN Rhombopora incrassata Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Rhombopora Rhombopora incrassata incrassata Waverly Waverly Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH 304 County Pike County, IL Adams County, IL Henderson County, IL Fermanagh County Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Grayson County, KY Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Montgomery County, IN Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora species incrassata incrassata incrassata incrassata incrassata incrassata insinuata Rock Unit Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Tournasean Locality Available Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Rhombopora insinuata Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Lower Carboniferous County Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Donets'ka, Ukraine Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Lower Carboniferous Poltavs'ka, Ukraine Rhombopora lepidodendroides Chester- Wymps Gap ls Rhombopora Rhombopora millepuncta millepuncta- recta Chester Chester Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora minor minor minor minor minor Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora minor minor minor Chester Chester Chester Fayette County, PA Fayette County, PA Illinois Basin Illinois Basin Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY 305 Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora species minor minor minor Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Rhombopora Rhombopora minor minor Chester Chester Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora minor minor minor minor minor Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Rhombopora minor Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Rhombopora minor Chester Stepensport, KY Rhombopora Rhombopora minor minor Chester-Glen Dean Lower Carboniferous Crane, IN Rhombopora minor Lower Carboniferous Rhombopora Rhombopora murthyi noviata Visean- Shale Tournasean Pahang, Malaysia Rhombopora novitia Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Rhombopora Rhombopora ohioensis ohioensis Waverly Waverly Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, 306 Locality Available Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Martin County, IN Donets'ka, Ukraine Poltavs'ka, Ukraine Pahang, Malaysia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora ohioensis ohioensis ohioensis ohioensis ohioensis ohioensis ornata Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Visean Rhombopora ovalis Lower Carboniferous Rhombopora perpara Tournasean Rhombopora perpera Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora persimilis persimilis persimilis persimilis persimilis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora persimilis persimilis persimilis persimilis persimilis persimilis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY 307 Locality Available OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH doneckni County OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Rostov Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora Rhombopora species persimilis persimilis Rock Unit Chester Chester Locality Available Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora persimilis persimilis persimilis persimilis persimilis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Rhombopora persimilis Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Rhombopora persimilis Chester Stepensport, KY Rhombopora persimilis Paradise, AZ Rhombopora pseudonovitia Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Lower Carboniferous Rhombopora pseudonovitia Lower Carboniferous Rhombopora pseudonovitia Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Rhombopora pseudonovitia Rhombopora pseudonovitia County Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Cochise County, AZ Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Gansu Province, China Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China 308 Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora species pulchella pulchella pulchella pulchella pulchella Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora pulchella pulchella pulchella pulchella pulchella pulchella Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Rhombopora Rhombopora pulchella pulchella Chester Chester Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora pulchella pulchella pulchella pulchella pulchella Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Rhombopora pulchella Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Rhombopora pulchella Chester Stepensport, KY Rhombopora radialis Lower Carboniferous Treak Cliff 309 Locality Available Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Derbyshire, Eng Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora Rhombopora species rogersi saffordotaxiformis Rock Unit Chester Liuiatang fmt Rhombopora sarcimulata Tournasean Rhombopora sarcinulata Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Rhombopora sarcinulata Kuznets Basin Rhombopora simplex TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Rhombopora simplex Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Rhombopora simplex Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Gansu Province, China Rhombopora simplex Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Rhombopora simplex Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Rhombopora simplex Tournasean Rhombopora simplex Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Rhombopora simplex Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia 310 Locality Available Carter County, OK Shaodong Chouniugou County Carter County, OK Hunan, China Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora species simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix Rock Unit St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Locality Available Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN Rhombopora Rhombopora simulatrix simulatrix St. Louis St. Louis Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix simulatrix St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Monroe County, IL Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY St. Genevieve, MO Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora simulatrix simulatrix spiralis spiralis St. Louis St. Louis Keokuk Keokuk St. Louis, MO Waterloo, IL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Rhombopora spiralis Keokuk Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora spiralis spiralis spiralis spiralis Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY 311 County Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV Lyon County, KY Monroe County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO Monroe County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora species spiralis spiralis spiralis spiralis spiralis spiralis tabulata tabulata tabulata tabulata tabulata tenuirama tenuirama tenuirama tenuirama Locality Available Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Chester, IL Kaskaskia, IL Pulaski County, KY St. Genevieve, MO Crane, IN Kaskaskia, IL Pulaski County, KY Crane, IN Paradise, AZ County Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY St. Lane County, MO Martin County, IN Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Martin County, IN Cochise County, AZ tersiensis transversalis transversalis Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester-Glen Dean Chester Chester Chester-Glen Dean Ste. GenevieveParadise fmt, 3rd member Visean- Shale Keokuk Keokuk Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Pahang, Malaysia Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Rhombopora transversalis Keokuk Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora transversalis transversalis transversalis transversalis transversalis Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Pahang, Malaysia Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY 312 Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora species transversalis transversalis transversalis transversalis transversalis ulrichi varians varians Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Chester Keokuk Keokuk Locality Available Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Carter County, OK Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Rhombopora varians Keokuk Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora varians varians varians varians varians varians varians varians varians varians variaxis worthemi worthemi worthemi Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Visean St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL podmoskovnii Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN Rhombopora Rhombopora worthemi worthemi St. Louis St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, 313 County Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Carter County, OK Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Russian Platform Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora worthemi worthemi worthemi St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora worthemi worthemi worthemi worthemi St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Locality Available KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY St. Genevieve, MO Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora worthemi worthemi wortheni St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis- Paradise fmt St. Louis, MO Waterloo, IL Paradise, AZ Lyon County, KY Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO Monroe County, IL Cochise County, AZ Rhombopora wortheni Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Rhombopora xxx Ste. GenevieveParadise fmt, 3rd member Asbian North Wales Rhombopora xxx Asbian Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Chester- Bangor Ls Chester- Bangor ls Chester- Greenbrier Chester- Haney ls Chester- Paradise fmt, 5th Llandudno, North Wales Nant-y-Gamar, Wales Reid Gap, AR 314 Sulphur, IN Paradise, AZ County KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV Conwy County, Wales Blount County, AL Blount County, AL Fayette County, PA Crawford County, IN Cochise County, AZ Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora Rhombopora species xxx xxx Rock Unit Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Rhombopora xxx Chester- Wymps Gap ls Chalk Hill, Ohiopyle Rhombopora Rhombopora xxx xxx Chester-Glen Dean Dinantian Rhombopora xxx Lower Carboniferous Crane, IN Llandudno, North Wales Treak Cliff Rhombopora xxx Lower Carboniferous Rhombopora xxx Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Rhombopora xxx Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Rhombopora xxx Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn 315 Locality Available County Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Fayette County, PA Martin County, IN North Wales Derbyshire, Eng Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Morioka Province, Japan Chouniugou Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora Rhombopora species xxx xxx xxx xxx Rock Unit Mooney Falls Thunder Springs Thunder Springs Tourinasean- Hikoroichi sh Warsaw Lower Carboniferousupper Rhombopora Rhombotrypella xxx rutogensis Rhombotrypella rutogensis Lower Carboniferousupper Markan County, Tibet Rhombotrypella rutogensis Lower Carboniferousupper Rutog County, Tibet Rhombotrypella rutogensis Lower Carboniferousupper Zogang County, Tibet Ropalonaria Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis keokukensis angustata angustata angustata angustata angustata angustata implicata improvidus Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Mengkungao fmt Visean 316 Locality Available Mohave County, AZ Mohave County, AZ Yavapai County, AZ Hikoroichi, S Kitakami massif Keokuk, IA Celina, TN Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Jackson County, TN Livingston, TN Overton County, TN Shaodong County Mohave County, AZ Mohave County, AZ Yavapai County, AZ Iwate Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Hardin County, IL Baxoi County, Tibet Lee County, IA Clay County, TN Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Jackson County, TN Overton County, TN Overton County, TN Hunan, China Kara Tau, Kazakhstan Table 4, cont’d Genus Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Celina, TN Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Jackson County, TN Livingston, TN Overton County, TN County Clay County, TN Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Jackson County, TN Overton County, TN Overton County, TN Xianza, Tibet Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis Saffordotaxis species incrassata incrassata incrassata incrassata incrassata incrassata incrossata magniporata ohioensis ohioensis ohioensis ohioensis ohioensis ohioensis retrusus xxx Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Visean Visean- Akiyoshi ls Celina, TN Clay County, TN Gainesboro, TN Jackson County, TN Livingston, TN Overton County, TN Saffordotaxis xxx Visean- Lower(Hina ls) Saffordotaxis yanagidae Lower CarboniferousUzura Clay County, TN Clay County, TN Jackson County, TN Jackson County, TN Overton County, TN Overton County, TN Kazakhstan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Okayama Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Pahang, Malaysia Saffordotaxus xxx Semicoscinium Semicoscinium Semicoscinium glabicus glabrum ovicellatum Chester- Chainman Shale Tourinasean Tourinasean Tourinasean 317 Akiyoshi, Japan 57 km W of Okayama, Japan Millard County, Utah Millard County, UT Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Central Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Table 4, cont’d Genus Semicoscinium Septopora species ovicellatum biserialis Rock Unit Tourinasean Lower Carboniferous Locality Available County Central Kazakhstan Turkestan Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Anna, IL Union County, IL Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Baldwin, IL Randolf County, IL Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Caldwell County, KY Caldwell County, KY Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Chester, IL Randolf County, IL Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Huntsville, AL Madison County, AL Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Jackson County, KY Jackson County, KY Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Kaskaskia, IL Randolf County, IL Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Litchfield, KY Grayson County, KY Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY 318 Table 4, cont’d Genus Septopora species biserialis-nervata Rock Unit Chester Locality Available Newtonville, OH Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Pulaski County, KY County Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Redbud, IL Randolf County, IL Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Rockwood, IL Randolf County, IL Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Ruma, IL Randolf County, IL Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Pulaski County, KY Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Septopora biserialis-nervata Chester Stepensport, KY Septopora biserialis-nervata Lower Carboniferous Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Turkestan Septopora burulica Lower Carboniferous Lake Bashkal Eastern Kazakhstan Septopora burulica Lower Carboniferous Septopora carbonaria Asbian Septopora Septopora cestdiensis cestdiensis Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Septopora cestdiensis Chester- Pitkin Ls Redesdale, Northumberland 319 Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Northumberland, Eng Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Table 4, cont’d Genus Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora species cestdiensis cestdiensis cestdiensis cestdiensis Rock Unit Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Locality Available Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Septopora Septopora cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Septopora cestriensis Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY 320 County Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Septopora cestriensis Chester Stepensport, KY Septopora Septopora Septopora cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Brachville, IN Eckerty, IN Paradise, AZ Septopora cestriensis Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Septopora cestriensis Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Chester- Wymps Gap ls County KY Breckenridge County, KY Perry County, IN Crawford County, IN Cochise County, AZ Fayette County, PA Fayette County, PA Septopora Septopora cestriensis cestriensis Chester-Glen Dean Lower Carboniferous Septopora cestriensis Lower Carboniferous Crane, IN Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Septopora cestriensis Lower Carboniferous Martin County, IN Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Turkestan Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora cestriensis cestriensis decipens decipiens decipiens decipiens decipiens decipiens Visean Warsaw Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Septopora decipiens Chester podmoskovnii Chester, IL Pulaski County, KY Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Russian Platform Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY 321 Table 4, cont’d Genus Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora species decipiens decipiens decipiens decipiens decipiens Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Septopora Septopora decipiens decipiens Chester Chester Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora decipiens decipiens decipiens decipiens decipiens Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Septopora decipiens Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Septopora decipiens Chester Stepensport, KY Septopora Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Dobsina, Slovakia Kosice Region, Slovakia Septopora ekybastusica Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Lower Carboniferousgrey arenaceous schists Lower Carboniferous Paradise, AZ Septopora decipiensparadisensis decipiensparadisensis dobsinensis Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Cochise County, AZ Lake Bashkal Eastern Kazakhstan Septopora 322 Locality Available Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Septopora species engeli Rock Unit Namurian- Late Locality Available Patagonia Septopora freytesi Namurian- Late Patagonia Septopora Septopora gracilis magna Chester- Harvey ls Namurian Septopora mikhaylovensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Sulphur, IN Haute-Garrone Province, France Chouniugou Septopora mikhaylovensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Septopora mikhaylovensis Visean podmoskovnii Russian Platform Septopora minuta Visean Don Basin Septopora paralella Visean Don Basin Septopora paralella Visean- Early Septopora parallela Visean Central Don River, Russia srednii Septopora Septopora Septopora pinnata protvensis pustulosa Chester Visean Namurian- Late Carter County, OK podmoskovnii Patagonia Septopora rectistyla Chester Anna, IL Rostov Oblast, Russia Rostov Oblast, Russia Volgograd Oblast, Russia Severnaya Zemlya Archipeligo, Russia Carter County, OK Russian Platform Chubut Province, Argentina Union County, IL 323 County Chubut Province, Argentina Chubut Province, Argentina Crawford County, IN Haute-Garrone Province, France Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora species rectistyla rectistyla rectistyla rectistyla Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora rectistyla rectistyla rectistyla rectistyla rectistyla rectistyla Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Septopora Septopora rectistyla rectistyla Chester Chester Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora rectistyla rectistyla rectistyla rectistyla rectistyla Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Septopora rectistyla Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Septopora rectistyla Chester Stepensport, KY Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Anna, IL 324 Locality Available Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Union County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Septopora species robusta-intermedia Rock Unit Chester Locality Available Baldwin, IL County Randolf County, IL Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Caldwell County, KY Caldwell County, KY Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Chester, IL Randolf County, IL Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Huntsville, AL Madison County, AL Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Jackson County, KY Jackson County, KY Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Kaskaskia, IL Randolf County, IL Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Litchfield, KY Grayson County, KY Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Newtonville, OH Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Pulaski County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Redbud, IL Randolf County, IL 325 Table 4, cont’d Genus Septopora species robusta-intermedia Rock Unit Chester Locality Available Rockwood, IL County Randolf County, IL Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Ruma, IL Randolf County, IL Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Pulaski County, KY Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Septopora robusta-intermedia Chester Stepensport, KY Septopora septatopora Namurian- Late Patagonia Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Septopora Septopora subquadrans subquadrans Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH 326 Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Chubut Province, Argentina Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Table 4, cont’d Genus Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora species subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Septopora subquadrans Chester Locality Available Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Septopora subquadrans Chester Stepensport, KY Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans Brachville, IN Eckerty, IN Leopold, IN Paradise, AZ Septopora Septopora subquadrans subquadrans Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Perry County, IN Crawford County, IN Perry County, IN Cochise County, AZ Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans subquadrans Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Septopora Septopora subquadrans ulrichi Chester-Glen Dean Great Blue ls Crane, IN Tooele County, UT Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Martin County, IN Tooele County, UT 327 County Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Septopora species waberi Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousUzura Septopora weberi Lower Carboniferous Septopora Septopora Septopora Septopora weberi xxx xxx xxx Visean Chester- Haney ls Chester- Otter Fmt Chester- Wymps Gap ls podmoskovnii Sulphur, IN Armington, MT Chalk Hill, Ohiopyle Russian Platform Crawford County, IN Cascade County, MT Fayette County, PA Septopora Septopora xxx xxx Humbug ftn Lower Carboniferous Utah County, UT Utah County, UT Turkestan Septopora Sphragiopora Sphragiopora Sphragiopora Sphragiopora Sphragiopora xxx parasitica parasitica parasitica parasitica parasitica St. Genevieve Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Sphragiopora Sphragiopora Sphragiopora Sphragiopora Sphragiopora Sphragiopora parasitica parasitica parasitica parasitica parasitica parasitica Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Sphragiopora parasitica Chester 328 Locality Available County Pahang, Malaysia Turkestan Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Hardin County, IL Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Sphragiopora species parasitica Rock Unit Chester Locality Available Newtonville, OH Sphragiopora Sphragiopora Sphragiopora Sphragiopora Sphragiopora parasitica parasitica parasitica parasitica parasitica Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Sphragiopora parasitica Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Sphragiopora parasitica Chester Stepensport, KY Spinofenestella Spinofenestella Spinofenestella Stenocladia Stenodiscus triangularis undulata undulata bassleri obliquus Carboniferous- Early Tourinasean Tourinasean Chester Lower Carboniferous Carter County, OK Archerbeck Borehole Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Mongolia Kazakhstan Central Kazakhstan Carter County, OK Dumfries, Scotland Stenodiscus redesdalensis Lower Carboniferous Archerbeck Borehole Dumfries, Scotland Stenodiscus spinulosus Lower Carboniferous Archerbeck Borehole Dumfries, Scotland Stenodiscus stanwellensis Lower Carboniferous Rockhampton QLD, AU Stenodiscus tumida Asbian Northumberland, Eng Stenodiscus xxx Visean- Akiyoshi ls Redesdale, Northumberland Akiyoshi, Japan 329 Kazakhstan County Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available County Japan Stenophargmidium cumulospinosum Tzemenchiao fmt Xiangxiang Hunan, China Stenophargmidium multispinosum Tzemenchiao fmt Xiangxiang Hunan, China Stenophargmidium pleniramosum Shihtengtze fmt Lianyuan Hunan, China Stenophargmidium Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium unispiniporus ashfellensis bundoranensis Tzemenchiao fmt Arundian Arundian Xiangxiang Hunan, China Cumbria, Eng Donegal County Stenophragmidium catenulus Lower Namurian Weining Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium crassimuralis crassimuralis crassimuralis crassimuralis debilis incrustans incrustans incrustans incrustans intermurum Brigantian Brigantian Chadian Chadian Brigantian Asbian Asbian Asbian Visean- Upper Tourinasean Tullaghoge Weining Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium libernicum libernicum lobatum Tourinasian Tourinasian Chadian Guizhou Province, China Bosherton, Wales North Yorkshire Cumbria, Eng Pembrokeshire, Eng Yorkshire, Eng Clare County Tipperary County Tyrone County Tyrone County Guizhou Province, China Dublin County Wexford County Cumbria, Eng 330 Table 4, cont’d Genus Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium species lobatum magnospinosum Rock Unit Chadian Lower Namurian Locality Available Stenophragmidium ramosum Beith Stenophragmidium rastrum Visean- Lower LS Group Lower Namurian Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium serrata serrata sparsitabulata Brigantian Brigantian Asbian Guizhou Province, China Antrim County Ayrshire, Scotland Cumbria, Eng Stenophragmidium sparsitabulata Asbian Fermanagh County Stenophragmidium sparsitabulata Asbian Tyrone County Stenophragmidium sparsitabulata Lower Carboniferous Archerbeck Borehole Dumfries, Scotland Stenophragmidium weiningensis Lower Namurian Weining Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium wexfordensis wexfordensis xxx Chadian Tourinasian Asbian Guizhou Province, China Wexford County Wexford County North Wales Stenophragmidium xxx Asbian Stenophragmidium Stenophragmidium xxx xxx Asbian- Glencar ls Dinantian 331 Weining Weining Llandudno, North Wales Nant-y-Gamar, Wales Llandudno, North Wales County Louth County Guizhou Province, China Ayrshire, Scotland Conwy County, Wales Fermanagh County North Wales Table 4, cont’d Genus Stenophragmidium species xxx Rock Unit Keokuk- Borden Group Locality Available Crawfordsville, IN Stenopora Stenopora americana americana Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Stenopora americana Keokuk Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora americana americana americana americana americana americana americana americana americana americana americana americanavarsoviensis americanavarsoviensis americanavarsoviensis americanavarsoviensis americanavarsoviensis Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Jersey County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Warsaw, IL Warsaw Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Warsaw Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Warsaw Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL Warsaw New Providence, IL Bureau County, IL Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora 332 County Montgomery County, IN Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Jersey County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora species americanavarsoviensis americanavarsoviensis americanavarsoviensis angularis angularis Warsaw County Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA angularis Keokuk Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora angularis angularis angularis angularis angularis angularis angularis angularis angularis angularis angularis Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Visean- Pokblrkov Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Kuznets Basin Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Stenopora Stenopora castletonensis Lower Carboniferous Treak Cliff Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Derbyshire, Eng Stenopora castletonensis Visean Castleton Derbyshire, Eng Stenopora Stenopora Rock Unit Warsaw 333 Locality Available Spergen Hill, IN Table 4, cont’d Genus Stenopora species castletonensis Rock Unit Visean Locality Available Derbyshire County Derbyshire, Eng Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Stenopora Stenopora cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Stenopora cestriensis Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Stenopora cestriensis Chester Stepensport, KY 334 Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Stenopora Stenopora species cestriensis confusionensis Locality Available Crane, IN Millard County, Utah County Martin County, IN Millard County, UT decimans Rock Unit Chester-Glen Dean Chester- Chainman Shale Namurian/Serpukhovian Stenopora SW Altai-Nuruu Mtns Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora dermata dermata domratchevi Keokuk Keokuk Visean- Early Keokuk, IA Warsaw, IL Kuznets Basin Stenopora dubia Lower Carboniferous Cookstown, Ireland Govi-Altai province, Mongolia Lee County, IA Hancock County, IL Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Tyrone County Stenopora Stenopora emaciata emaciata Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Stenopora emaciata Keokuk Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora emaciata emaciata emaciata emaciata emaciata emaciata emaciata emaciata emaciata emaciata emanciata foveolata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Warsaw, IL Bentonsport, IA 335 Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Stenopora Stenopora foveolata haddingtonensis Keokuk Visean Warsaw, IL Haddingtonshire County IA Hancock County, IL Haddingtonshire Stenopora haddingtonensis Visean Sandersdean East Lothian, UK Stenopora incondita Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Stenopora Stenopora intercalaris intercalaris Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Stenopora intercalaris Keokuk Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora intercalaris intercalaris intercalaris intercalaris intercalaris intercalaris intercalaris intercalaris intercalaris intercalaris intermittens intermittens Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Stenopora intermittens Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY 336 Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora species intermittens intermittens intermittens intermittens intermittens intermittens intermittens intermittens intermittens intermittens labrosa Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Stenopora labrosa Lower Carboniferous Stenopora labrosa-florida Lower Carboniferous Stenopora labrosa-florida Lower Carboniferous Stenopora lucida Tourinasean- Late Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora meekana meekana meekana meekana meekana Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Stenopora Stenopora meekana meekana Chester Chester Locality Available Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Kuznets Basin Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL 337 County Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Table 4, cont’d Genus Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora species meekana meekana meekana meekana Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Stenopora Stenopora meekana meekana Chester Chester Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora meekana meekana meekana meekana meekana Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Stenopora meekana Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Stenopora meekana Chester Stepensport, KY Stenopora Stenopora montifera montifera Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Stenopora montifera Keokuk Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora montifera montifera montifera montifera montifera Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Jersey County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY 338 Locality Available Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Jersey County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora species montifera montifera montifera montifera montifera montifera multifida Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Stenopora multifida Lower Carboniferous Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora obliqua obliqua obliqua obliqua obliqua parasitica Tournasian Tournasian Tournasian Tournasian Tournasian Visean Stenopora pertusa Kuznets Basin Stenopora pusilimonila TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Lower CarboniferousUzura Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora ramosa ramosa ramosa ramosa ramosa Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY 339 Locality Available Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Arbigland Arbigland Arbigland Kirkeudbrightshire Kirkeudbrightshire doneckni County Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Calloway, Scotland Dumfries, Scotland Kirkbean, Scotland Calloway, Scotland Dumfries, Scotland Rostov Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Pahang, Malaysia Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora species ramosa ramosa ramosa ramosa ramosa ramosa Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Locality Available Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Stenopora Stenopora ramosa ramosa Chester Chester Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora ramosa ramosa ramosa ramosa ramosa Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Stenopora ramosa Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Stenopora ramosa Chester Stepensport, KY Stenopora Stenopora ramosa redesdalensis Chester-Glen Dean Tournasian Crane, IN Stenopora redesdalensis Tournasian Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora rudis rudis rudis Chester Chester Chester Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Martin County, IN Cumberland Northumberland, Eng Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY 340 County Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Stenopora Stenopora species rudis rudis Rock Unit Chester Chester Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora rudis rudis rudis rudis rudis rudis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Stenopora Stenopora rudis rudis Chester Chester Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora rudis rudis rudis rudis rudis Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Stenopora rudis Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Stenopora rudis Chester Stepensport, KY Stenopora stereotoechusiformis Mengkungao fmt Shaodong Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Hunan, China Stenopora stereotoechusiformis Mengkungao fmt pristina Shaodong Hunan, China 341 Locality Available Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Stenopora species tenuipora Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Hook Point, Wexford County Wexford County Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Stenopora Stenopora tuberculata tuberculata Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Stenopora tuberculata Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Stenopora tuberculata Chester Stepensport, KY 342 Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora species tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata Rock Unit Chester-Glen Dean St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Locality Available Crane, IN Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Clarksville, TN Stenopora Stenopora tuberculata tuberculata St. Louis St. Louis Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY St. Genevieve, MO Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Visean Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata tuberculata Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw County Martin County, IN Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV Lyon County, KY Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO St. Louis, MO St. Louis County, MO Waterloo, IL Monroe County, IL doneckni Rostov Oblast, Russia Columbia, IL Monroe County, IL Curryville, MO Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL Bureau County, IL Spergen Hill, IN Washington County, IN 343 Table 4, cont’d Genus Stenopora Stenopora Stenopora species tuberculata tuberculata xxx Rock Unit Warsaw Warsaw Asbian Stenopora xxx Asbian Stenopora Stenopora xxx xxx Stenopora Stenopora xxx xxx Chester Chester- Moorefield Shale Chester-Glen Dean Dinantian Stenopora xxx Lower Carboniferous Stenopora XXX Visean- Late Tom Kuznets Basin Stenoporella mineriensis Millard County, Utah Stenoporella mineriensis Chester- Chainman Shale Chester- Ely Limestone Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Millard County, UT Millard County, Utah Millard County, UT Stenoporella Stenoporella romingeri sparsispinifera Chester Chester Cave Creek, AR Cave Creek, AR Newton County, AR Newton County, AR Stenoporella xxx Stenoporella xxx Arundian- Codroy group Port au Port, Newfoundland Dinantian- Codroy Port au Port, group Newfoundland 344 Locality Available St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Llandudno, North Wales Nant-y-Gamar, Wales Chester, IL Spring Creek, MO Crane, IN Llandudno, North Wales County St. Louis County, MO Hancock County, IL North Wales Conwy County, Wales Randolf County, IL Independence County, AR Martin County, IN North Wales Port au Port, NL Port au Port, NL Table 4, cont’d Genus Stenoporella species xxx Locality Available Port au Port, Newfoundland Warsaw, IL Litchfield, KY County Port au Port, NL basalis undulata amabilis Rock Unit Holkerian- Codroy group Keokuk Chester Lower Carboniferous Stictoporella Stictoporella Streblascopora Streblascopora antiqua Lower Carboniferous Akiesi Japan Streblascopora antiqua Lower CarboniferousUzura Pahang, Malaysia Streblascopora grossa Lower Carboniferous Japan Streblascopora superminor Lower Carboniferous Malaysia Streblascopora Streblascopora superminor xxx Visean- Shale Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Pahang, Malaysia Streblascopora xxx Visean- Akiyoshi ls Akiyoshi, Japan Strebloplax Strebloplax crustacea xxx Carter County, OK Juab County, Utah Streblotrypa Streblotrypa amplexa amplexa Chester Chester- Chainman Shale Waverly Waverly Pahang, Malaysia Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Carter County, OK Juab County, UT Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH 345 Hancock County, IL Grayson County, KY Japan Table 4, cont’d Genus Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa species amplexa amplexa amplexa amplexa amplexa amplexa angulatum Locality Available Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Millard County, Utah County Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Millard County, UT angulatum Rock Unit Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Chester- Chainman Shale Chester- Ely Limestone Streblotrypa Millard County, Utah Millard County, UT Streblotrypa cortacea Lower Carboniferous Treak Cliff Derbyshire, Eng Streblotrypa Streblotrypa dentculata dentculata Waverly Waverly Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa dentculata dentculata dentculata dentculata dentculata dentculata distincta distincta distincta distincta distincta Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Streblotrypa distincta Chester Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY 346 Table 4, cont’d Genus Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa species distincta distincta distincta distincta distincta Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Streblotrypa Streblotrypa distincta distincta Chester Chester Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa distincta distincta distincta distincta distincta Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Streblotrypa distincta Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Streblotrypa distincta Chester Stepensport, KY Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa eastoni hertzeri hertzeri Chester- Otter Fmt Keokuk Keokuk Armington, MT Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Streblotrypa hertzeri Keokuk Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa hertzeri hertzeri hertzeri Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA 347 Locality Available Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Cascade County, MT Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Table 4, cont’d Genus Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa species hertzeri hertzeri hertzeri hertzeri hertzeri hertzeri hertzeri hertzeri hertzeri Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Waverly Waverly Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa hertzeri hertzeri hertzeri hertzeri hertzeri hertzeri hertzeriformis Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Visean Streblotrypa imperfecta Keokuk- Borden Group Crawfordsville, IN Streblotrypa Streblotrypa major major Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Streblotrypa major Keokuk Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa major major major Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Celina, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN 348 Locality Available Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH County Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Montgomery County, IN Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clay County, TN Clark County, MO Clay County, TN Table 4, cont’d Genus Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa species major major major major major major major major major major major major major major major Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Visean Visean Locality Available Gainesboro, TN Greene County, IL Jackson County, TN Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Livingston, TN Nauvoo, IL Overton County, TN Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Streblotrypa Streblotrypa major major Waverly Waverly Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa major major major major major major multiporata multiporata Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH 349 County Jackson County, TN Greene County, IL Jackson County, TN Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Overton County, TN Hancock County, IL Overton County, TN Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Table 4, cont’d Genus Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa species multiporata multiporata multiporata multiporata multiporata multiporata nickelsi Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa nicklesi nicklesi nicklesi nicklesi nicklesi nicklesi Rock Unit Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Locality Available Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Paradise, AZ County Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Cochise County, AZ Chester Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Carter County, OK Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Chester Chester Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Carter County, OK Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa nicklesi nicklesi nicklesi nicklesi nicklesi nicklesi Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Streblotrypa Streblotrypa nicklesi nicklesi Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa nicklesi nicklesi nicklesi 350 Table 4, cont’d Genus Streblotrypa Streblotrypa species nicklesi nicklesi Rock Unit Chester Chester Streblotrypa nicklesi Chester Locality Available Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Streblotrypa Streblotrypa nicklesi nicklesi Chester Chester St. Genevieve, MO Stepensport, KY Streblotrypa nicklesi Paradise, AZ Streblotrypa Streblotrypa nicklesi nicklesi-occidentalis Crane, IN Paradise, AZ Martin County, IN Cochise County, AZ Streblotrypa nicklesi-occidentalis Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Streblotrypa Streblotrypa obliqua obliqua Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Chester-Glen Dean Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Waverly Waverly Livingston County, KY St. Lane County, MO Breckenridge County, KY Cochise County, AZ Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa obliqua obliqua obliqua obliqua obliqua obliqua parallela Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Lower Carboniferous Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Barrington Tops Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH NSW, AU Streblotrypa parallela Lower Carboniferous Glen William NSW, AU 351 County Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Streblotrypa species parallela Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Hilldale County NSW, AU Streblotrypa parallela Lower Carboniferous Rouchel Brook NSW, AU Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa pectinata pectinata pectinata Asbian Asbian- Glencar ls Lower Carboniferous Treak Cliff Derbyshire, Eng Fermanagh County Derbyshire, Eng Streblotrypa Streblotrypa radialis radialis Keokuk Keokuk Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Streblotrypa radialis Keokuk Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis radialis strabona Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Streblotrypa Streblotrypa striata striata Waverly Waverly Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH 352 Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Table 4, cont’d Genus Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa species striata striata striata striata striata striata subspinosa subspinosa subspinosa subspinosa subspinosa Rock Unit Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa subspinosa subspinosa subspinosa subspinosa subspinosa subspinosa Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Streblotrypa Streblotrypa subspinosa subspinosa Chester Chester Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa subspinosa subspinosa subspinosa subspinosa subspinosa Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Locality Available Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY 353 County Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Streblotrypa species subspinosa Rock Unit Chester Locality Available Smithland, KY Streblotrypa subspinosa Chester Stepensport, KY Streblotrypa variopitata Lower Carboniferous Streblotrypa Streblotrypa Streblotrypa xxx xxx xxx Chester- Bangor Ls Chester- Bangor ls Lower Carboniferous Streblotrypa xxx Lower Carboniferous Streblotrypa xxx Streblotrypella amicula Ste. GenevieveParadise fmt, 3rd member Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Streblotrypella astrovae Lower CarboniferousUzura Streblotrypella eluca Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Streblotrypella eluca Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China 354 Monto County Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Blount County, AL Blount County, AL QLD, AU Paradise, AZ Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Cochise County, AZ Reid Gap, AR Morioka Province, Japan Pahang, Malaysia Table 4, cont’d Genus Streblotrypella species eluca Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Moshigou County Gansu Province, China Streblotrypella eluca Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Streblotrypella hertzeriformis Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Streblotrypella Streblotrypella major major Chester Keokuk- Borden Group Langston Gap, AL Crawfordsville, IN Streblotrypella major Lower Carboniferous Streblotrypella major Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Streblotrypella major Kuznets Basin Streblotrypella major TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean- Early Streblotrypella major turlanensis Lower Carboniferous Streblotrypella strabona Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Streblotrypella variopitata Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Streblotrypella xxx Lower CarboniferousHikoroichi ls Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Jackson County, AL Montgomery County, IN Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Morioka Province, Japan 355 Kuznets Basin Table 4, cont’d Genus Streblotrypella species xxx xxx Rock Unit Tourinasean- Hikoroichi sh Visean- Akiyoshi ls Locality Available Hikoroichi, S Kitakami massif Akiyoshi, Japan Streblotrypella Streblotrypella xxx Visean- Lower(Hina ls) Strotopora Strotopora ??foueolata ??foueolata Keokuk Keokuk 58 km W of Okayama, Japan Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Strotopora ??foueolata Keokuk Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora ??foueolata ??foueolata ??foueolata ??foueolata ??foueolata ??foueolata ??foueolata ??foueolata ??foueolata ??foueolata cinngulata cinngulata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Strotopora cinngulata Keokuk Strotopora cinngulata Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO 356 County Iwate Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Okayama Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Table 4, cont’d Genus Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora species cinngulata cinngulata cinngulata cinngulata cinngulata cinngulata cinngulata cinngulata cinngulata dermata dermata Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Locality Available Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Strotopora dermata Keokuk Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora dermata dermata dermata dermata dermata dermata dermata dermata dermata dermata foveolata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Bentonsport, IA Strotopora Strotopora foveolata foveolata Keokuk Keokuk St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL 357 County Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Table 4, cont’d Genus Strotopora Strotopora species frondosa frondosa Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Locality Available Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Strotopora frondosa Keokuk Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora frondosa frondosa frondosa frondosa frondosa frondosa frondosa frondosa frondosa frondosa interpolata interpolata Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Waverly Waverly Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora interpolata interpolata interpolata interpolata interpolata interpolata ramulosa ramulosa Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Keokuk Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Strotopora ramulosa Keokuk Button Mole Knob, 358 County Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit County Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Burlington Locality Available KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Burlington, IA Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora ramulosa ramulosa ramulosa ramulosa ramulosa ramulosa ramulosa ramulosa ramulosa ramulosa ramulosaburlingtonensis Strotopora ramulosaburlingtonensis Burlington Calhoun County, IL Calhoun County, IL Strotopora ramulosaburlingtonensis Burlington Montezuma, IL Pike County, IL Strotopora ramulosaburlingtonensis Burlington Quincy, IL Adams County, IL Strotopora ramulosaburlingtonensis Burlington Sagetown, IL Henderson County, IL Strotopora Strotopora subrecta subrecta St. Louis St. Louis Alton, IL Caldwell, KY Madison County, IL Caldwell County, KY 359 Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Des Moines County, IA Table 4, cont’d Genus Strotopora species subrecta Rock Unit St. Louis Locality Available Clarksville, TN Strotopora Strotopora subrecta subrecta St. Louis St. Louis Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora subrecta subrecta subrecta St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora Strotopora subrecta subrecta subrecta subrecta St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis Colesburg, KY Crittenden County, KY Eddyville, KY Elizabethtown, KY Fort Springs(ronceverte), WV Lyon, KY Prarie du Rocher, IL Somerset, KY St. Genevieve, MO Strotopora Strotopora Sulcoretepora Sulcoretepora subrecta subrecta altaica americana St. Louis, MO Waterloo, IL Sulcoretepora dichotoma St. Louis St. Louis Carboniferous- Early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Lower Carboniferous Sulcoretepora Sulcoretepora Sulcoretepora Sulcoretepora laminicurvis magnistriata malayensis minuta Visean Visean Visean- Shale Visean podmoskovnii podmoskovnii Pahang, Malaysia srednii 360 Kuznets Basin County Montgomery County, TN Hardin County, KY Crittenden County, KY Lyon County, KY Hardin County, KY Greenbrier, WV Lyon County, KY Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Ste. Genevieve County, MO St. Louis County, MO Monroe County, IL Mongolia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Russian Platform Russian Platform Pahang, Malaysia Severnaya Zemlya Archipeligo, Russia Table 4, cont’d Genus Sulcoretepora species minuta Rock Unit Visean- Early Sulcoretepora nana Chester- Wymps Gap ls Sulcoretepora Sulcoretepora nuransis ocellata Sulcoretepora ocellata Sulcoretepora parallela Carboniferous- Early TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Asbian Sulcoretepora Sulcoretepora parallela parallela Sulcoretepora Sulcoretepora ramosa toimensis Sulcoretepora toimensis Sulcoretepora toimensis Sulcoretepora Asbian- Glencar ls Visean- Lower LS Group Visean- Upper Tourinasean- Late Locality Available Central Don River, Russia Fayette County, PA Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Redesdale, Northumberland Beith Tullaghoge Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin toimensis TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Sulcoretepora toimensis Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Sulcoretepora toimensis Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Sulcoretepora xxx Chester- Bangor Ls Reid Gap, AR 361 Kuznets Basin County Volgograd Oblast, Russia Fayette County, PA Mongolia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Northumberland, Eng Fermanagh County Ayrshire, Scotland Tyrone County Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Blount County, AL Table 4, cont’d Genus Sulcoretepora Sulcoretepora species xxx xxx Rock Unit Chester- Bangor ls Chester- Wymps Gap ls Sulcoretepora xxx Lower Carboniferous Sulcoretepora xxx Namurian Sulcoretepora XXX Visean- Akiyoshi ls Haute-Garrone Province, France Akiyoshi, Japan Sulcoretepora zigzag Lower Carboniferous Lake Bashkal Synocladia xxx Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Synocladia xxx Lower CarboniferousIzuto ls Tabuliforma incrustans Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Gansu Province, China Tabuliforma incrustans Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Tabuliforma incrustans Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau 362 Locality Available Chalk Hill, Ohiopyle County Blount County, AL Fayette County, PA Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Haute-Garrone Province, France Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Eastern Kazakhstan Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Tabuliforma species kansuensis Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Chouniugou County Gansu Province, China Tabuliforma kansuensis Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Tabuliforma meekana Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Tabuliforma meekana Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Moshigou Gansu Province, China Tabuliforma meekana Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Tabuliforma montifera Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Tabuliforma montifera Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Gansu Province, China Tabuliforma nekhoroshevi Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Tabuliforma pessasica Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China 363 Table 4, cont’d Genus Tabuliforma species pessasica Rock Unit Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Locality Available Houeishan County Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Tabuliforma subtilata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Tabuliforma subtilata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Houeishan Tabuliforma subtilata Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Xiehau Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China Gansu Province, China Tabuliforma xxx Lower CarboniferousLate, Chouniugou Fmtn Chouniugou Gansu Province, China Tabulipora angulosa Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Tabulipora atacta Juab County, Utah Tabulipora atacta Millard County, Utah Millard County, UT Tabulipora badamica Chester- Chainman Shale Chester- Chainman Shale Lower Carboniferous Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Juab County, UT Tabulipora cestiensis Chester- Glen Dean Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora cestiensis cestiensis cestriensis Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Bangor Ls Reid Gap, AR Zhambyl Province, Kazakhstan Breckenridge County, KY Crawford County, IN Perry County, IN Blount County, AL 364 Table 4, cont’d Genus Tabulipora Tabulipora species cestriensis cestriensis Rock Unit Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis cestriensis Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Tabulipora chaoi Lower Carboniferous Anhua Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora debilis exilomura hessilheadensis Cracoe, Yorkshire Longhui Beith Tabulipora howseii Visean Tzemenchiao fmt Visean- Lower LS Group Asbian Tabulipora Tabulipora howsii huaitoutalensis Asbian- Glencar ls Lower Carboniferous Tabulipora huaitoutalensis Lower Carboniferous Tabulipora incrustans Visean- Late Tom Tabulipora inversa Lower Carboniferous Tabulipora inversa Lower Carboniferous 365 Locality Available Redesdale, Northumberland Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Kuznets Basin Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains County Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Anhua County, Hunan, China Yorkshire, Eng Hunan, China Ayrshire, Scotland Northumberland, Eng Fermanagh County Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Tabulipora species kansuensis Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Minlo Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora macnairi maendria meekana Chester Poolvash ls Lower Carboniferous Carter County, OK Tabulipora meekana Lower Carboniferous Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora minima minima montifera Asbian- Glencar ls Namurian Visean Central Scotland Hagen in Westfalen Tabulipora Tabulipora montifera montifera Visean Visean- Early podmoskovnii Kuznets Basin Tabulipora mosjuchensis Kuznets Basin Tabulipora mrassuensis TourinaseanTaikohskoe early Visean- Early Tabulipora nekhoroschevi Tabulipora neotersiensis TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Lower Carboniferous Tabulipora neotersiensis Lower Carboniferous Tabulipora novellastra Visean- Pokblrkov Tabulipora owsei Poolvash ls 366 Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Kuznets Basin Kuznets Basin Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Kuznets Basin County Kansu Province, China Carter County, OK Isle of Man Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Fermanagh County Central Scotland North RhineWestphalia, Germany Russian Platform Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Isle of Man Table 4, cont’d Genus Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora species owsei owsei owsei owsei paradisensis Locality Available South Scotland parsitabulata parsitabulata parsitabulata parsitabulata penerudis Rock Unit Tournasian Tournasian Tournasian upper Calp shale Chester- Paradise fmt, 7th Tournasian Tournasian Tournasian upper Calp shale Chester- Glen Dean Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora pesassica Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Tabulipora ramosa Chester- Glen Dean Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora ramosa ramosa ramosa ramosa ramosa Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Glen Dean Chester- Wymps Gap ls Tabulipora Tabulipora rhombicellata ricta Tabulipora ricta Visean Chester- Chainman Shale Chester- Chainman Shale 367 Bundoran, Ireland Paradise, AZ South Scotland County South Scotland Cumberland Northumberland, Eng Donegal County Cochise County, AZ Fayette County, PA South Scotland Cumberland Northumberland, Eng Donegal County Breckenridge County, KY Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Breckenridge County, KY Crawford County, IN Grayson County, KY Perry County, IN Pulaski County, KY Fayette County, PA podmoskovnii Juab County, Utah Russian Platform Juab County, UT Millard County, Utah Millard County, UT Bundoran, Ireland Table 4, cont’d Genus Tabulipora species ricta Rock Unit Chester- Ely Limestone Locality Available Millard County, Utah County Millard County, UT Tabulipora risilla Tourinasean- early Kuznets Basin Tabulipora rotaji Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Tabulipora rotaji Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Tabulipora rotaji Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Tabulipora scotica Lower Carboniferous Archerbeck Borehole Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Dumfries, Scotland Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora scotica scotica scotica Central Scotland Central Scotland Beith Central Scotland Northumberland, Eng Ayrshire, Scotland Tabulipora Tabulipora scotica similomontifera Namurian Namurian Visean- Lower LS Group Visean- Upper Tzemenchiao fmt Tullaghoge Xiangxiang Tyrone County Hunan, China Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora simplex spinocepta spinocepta spinoceptosa stragula Carter County, OK Lianyuan Xiangxiang Longhui Juab County, Utah Carter County, OK Hunan, China Hunan, China Hunan, China Juab County, UT Tabulipora stragula Millard County, Utah Millard County, UT Chester Tzemenchiao fmt Tzemenchiao fmt Liuiatang fmt Chester- Chainman Shale Chester- Chainman Shale 368 Table 4, cont’d Genus Tabulipora species submenbranacea Rock Unit Lower Carboniferous Tabulipora submenbranacea Lower Carboniferous Tabulipora subtilata Lower Carboniferous Tabulipora subtilata Lower Carboniferous Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora subtilata tenuimuralis tersiensis Visean Visean Visean- Early Tabulipora Tabulipora tuberculata tuberculata Tabulipora tuberculata Chester Chester- Paradise fmt, 5th St. Louis- Paradise fmt Tabulipora Tabulipora urii verchofomica Asbian- Glencar ls Visean- Early Tom Kuznets Basin Tabulipora vesca Tourinasean- early Kuznets Basin Tabulipora wexfordensis Lower Carboniferous Hook Point, Wexford Tabulipora xxx Asbian Tabulipora xxx Asbian Llandudno, North Wales Nant-y-Gamar, Wales 369 Locality Available Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains podmoskovnii Eelweli, Lowrick Kuznets Basin Carter County, OK Paradise, AZ County Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Russian Platform Lowrick County, Eng Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Carter County, OK Cochise County, AZ Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Fermanagh County Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Wexford County North Wales Conwy County, Wales Table 4, cont’d Genus Tabulipora species xxx Rock Unit Asbian Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora xxx xxx xxx xxx Tabulipora xxx Tabulipora Tabulipora xxx xxx Chester- Bangor Ls Chester- Bangor ls Chester- Haney ls Chester- Paradise fmt, 5th Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Chester- Pitkin Ls Tabulipora xxx Tabulipora Locality Available Redesdale, Northumberland Reid Gap, AR County Northumberland, Eng Sulphur, IN Paradise, AZ Blount County, AL Blount County, AL Crawford County, IN Cochise County, AZ Paradise, AZ Cochise County, AZ Chester- Wymps Gap ls Chalk Hill, Ohiopyle Crawford County, AR Independence County, AR Madison County, AR Newton County, AR Searey County, AR Stone County, AR Washington County, AR Fayette County, PA xxx Dinantian Tabulipora xxx Keokuk- Borden Group Llandudno, North Wales Crawfordsville, IN Tabulipora xxx Lower Carboniferous Tabulipora xxx Lower Carboniferous 370 Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains North Wales Montgomery County, IN Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Table 4, cont’d Genus Tabulipora species xxx Rock Unit Visean- Akiyoshi ls Locality Available Akiyoshi, Japan Tabulipora Tabulipora Tabulipora xxx youngi Visean- Upper Namurian Visean- Lower(Hina ls) Tullaghoge Central Scotland 56 km W of Okayama, Japan Tabuliporella badamica Lower Carboniferous County Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Tyrone County Central Scotland Okayama Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Turkestan Tabuliporella nalivkini Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Tabuliporella sibilica Lower Carboniferous Turkestan Tabuliporella Visean- Akiyoshi ls Taeniodictya Taeniodictya cingulata fenestriata Taeniodictya Taeniodictya Taeniodictya Taeniodictya Taeniodictya frondosa ramulosa ramulosa ramulosa ramulosaburlingtonensis Taeniodictya Taeniodictya subrecta vermiculata Akiyoshi, Japan Keokuk Tournasean- Upper Tomskaya Zone Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Burlington Warsaw, IL St. Louis Tournasean- lower Elizabethtown, KY SE Armenia 371 Keokuk, IA Keokuk, IA Nauvoo, IL Warsaw, IL Burlington, IA Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu, Japan Hancock County, IL Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Lee County, IA Lee County, IA Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Des Moines County, IA Hardin County, KY SE Armenia Table 4, cont’d Genus Tamaroclema Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus species troizkayae colei colei divaricans divaricans Rock Unit Tournasean Asbian- Glencar ls Asbian- Glencar ls Keokuk Keokuk Locality Available Thamniscus divaricans Keokuk Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus divaricans divaricans divaricans divaricans divaricans divaricans divaricans divaricans divaricans divaricans erectus furcillatus furcillatus furcillatus furcillatus furcillatus Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus furcillatus furcillatus furcillatus Chester Chester Chester Button Mole Knob, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL Carter County, OK Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY 372 Carrick Lough Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA County Kazakhstan Fermanagh County Fermanagh County Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Carter County, OK Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus species furcillatus furcillatus furcillatus Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Thamniscus Thamniscus furcillatus furcillatus Chester Chester Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus furcillatus furcillatus furcillatus furcillatus furcillatus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Thamniscus furcillatus Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Thamniscus Thamniscus furcillatus furcillatus Chester Chester St. Genevieve, MO Stepensport, KY Thamniscus furcillatus Paradise, AZ Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus furcillatus ramulosus ramulosus ramulosus ramulosus ramulosus Chester- Paradise fmt, 6th St. Genevieve Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Livingston County, KY St. Lane County, MO Breckenridge County, KY Cochise County, AZ Thamniscus ramulosus Chester Anna, IL Baldwin, IL Caldwell County, KY Chester, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson Springs, KY Hardin County, IL Union County, IL Randolf County, IL Caldwell County, KY Randolf County, IL Crittenden County, KY Grayson County, KY 373 Locality Available Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus species ramulosus ramulosus ramulosus ramulosus ramulosus Rock Unit Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Thamniscus Thamniscus ramulosus ramulosus Chester Chester Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus ramulosus ramulosus ramulosus ramulosus ramulosus Chester Chester Chester Chester Chester Thamniscus ramulosus Chester Pulaski County, KY Redbud, IL Rockwood, IL Ruma, IL Sloan's Valley(Tateville), KY Smithland, KY Thamniscus ramulosus Chester Stepensport, KY Thamniscus Chester Chester, IL Chester Pulaski County, KY Pulaski County, KY Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus ramulosussevillensis ramulosussevillensis raribifurcatus sculptilis sculptilis Livingston County, KY Breckenridge County, KY Randolf County, IL Great Blue ls Keokuk Keokuk Tooele County, UT Appanoosa, IL Bentonsport, IA Thamniscus sculptilis Keokuk Button Mole Knob, KY Tooele County, UT Hancock County, IL Van Buren County, IA Bullitt County, KY Thamniscus 374 Locality Available Huntsville, AL Jackson County, KY Kaskaskia, IL Litchfield, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Newtonville, OH County Madison County, AL Jackson County, KY Randolf County, IL Grayson County, KY Livingston County, KY Meade County, KY Muskingum County, OH Pulaski County, KY Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Randolf County, IL Pulaski County, KY Table 4, cont’d Genus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus Thamniscus species sculptilis sculptilis sculptilis sculptilis sculptilis sculptilis sculptilis sculptilis sculptilis sculptilis undichotomus Rock Unit Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Lower Carboniferous Locality Available Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lagrange, MO Nauvoo, IL Plymouth, IL Somerset, KY St. Francisville, MO Warsaw, IL County Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Lee County, IA Lincoln County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Hancock County, IL Pulaski County, KY Clark County, MO Hancock County, IL Turkestan Thamniscus xxx Lower Carboniferous Thamniscus xxx Lower Carboniferous Trematopora ?americana Burlington Qilian Shan Mountains Qilian Shan Mountains Burlington, IA Trematopora Trematopora Trematopora Trematopora ?americana ?americana ?americana ?americana Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Calhoun County, IL Montezuma, IL Quincy, IL Sagetown, IL Trematopora ?fragilis Burlington Burlington, IA Trematopora Trematopora Trematopora ?fragilis ?fragilis ?fragilis Burlington Burlington Burlington Calhoun County, IL Montezuma, IL Quincy, IL Gansu Province, China Qinghai Province, China Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Pike County, IL Adams County, IL Henderson County, IL Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Pike County, IL Adams County, IL 375 Table 4, cont’d Genus Trematopora species ?fragilis Rock Unit Burlington Locality Available Sagetown, IL Trematopora ?vesiculosa Burlington Burlington, IA Trematopora Trematopora Trematopora Trematopora ?vesiculosa ?vesiculosa ?vesiculosa ?vesiculosa Burlington Burlington Burlington Burlington Calhoun County, IL Montezuma, IL Quincy, IL Sagetown, IL Trematopora Trematopora ?vesiculosa ?vesiculosa Waverly Waverly Trematopora Trematopora Trematopora Trematopora Trematopora Trematopora Trematopora ?vesiculosa ?vesiculosa ?vesiculosa ?vesiculosa ?vesiculosa ?vesiculosa xxx Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Waverly Burlington Burbank, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale, MI Lodi, OH Moots Run, OH Newark, OH Richfield, OH Sciotoville, OH Burlington, IA Triznotrypa axiculata Visean Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa axiculata Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa crustosa Tourinasean Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa crustosa Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa faviformis Tourinasean Kuznets Basin 376 County Henderson County, IL Des Moines County, IA Calhoun County, IL Pike County, IL Adams County, IL Henderson County, IL Wayne County, OH Cuyahoga County, OH Hillsdale County, MI Medina County, OH Licking County, OH Licking County, OH Summit County, OH Scioto County, OH Des Moines County, IA Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Triznotrypa faviformis Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa inailta TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa inculta Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa Triznotrypa kossmati kossmati Tourinasean Tourinasean Kazakhstan Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa kossmati Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa kossmati Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa Triznotrypa kossmati kossmati TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean Visean Kazakhstan Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa kossmati Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa praetomiensis Visean Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa praetomiensis Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa pulposa Visean Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa pulposa Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa Triznotrypa punctata stepanovi Visean Tourinasean Russian Platform Kuznets Basin 377 County Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kazakhstan Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Russian Platform Kemerovskaya Table 4, cont’d Genus species Rock Unit Locality Available Triznotrypa subtomiensis Visean kuzbas Triznotrypa tenuilignata Tourinasean Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa tenuilignata Tourinasean- Late Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa tenuilignata Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa tenuilignata Triznotrypa tomiensis TourinaseanTaikohskoe early TourinaseanTaikohskoe late Visean Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa tomiensis Visean- Early Kuznets Basin Triznotrypa tomiensis Visean- Pokblrkov Kuznets Basin Vinella Volnovachia bilineata distincta Chester Lower Carboniferous Carter County, OK Donetz Basin Worthenopera elbursensis Visean Worthenopora castletonense Lower Carboniferous Eastern Alburz Mnts, Iran Treak Cliff County Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia Carter County, OK Rostov Oblast, Russia Golestan Province, Iran Derbyshire, Eng Worthenopora Worthenopora Worthenopora Worthenopora Worthenopora spatulata spatulata spatulata spatulata spatulata St. Louis Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw St. Louis County, MO Columbia, IL Curryville, MO Monroe County, IL New Providence, IL St. Louis County, MO Monroe County, IL Pike County, MO Monroe County, IL Bureau County, IL 378 Kuznets Basin Table 4, cont’d Genus Worthenopora species spatulata Rock Unit Warsaw Worthenopora Worthenopora Worthenopora Worthenopora spatulata spatulata spinosa spinosa Warsaw Warsaw Keokuk Keokuk Worthenopora spinosa Keokuk Worthenopora Worthenopora Worthenopora Worthenopora Worthenopora Worthenopora Worthenopora Worthenopora Worthenopora Worthenopora Worthenopora Yunnanopora spinosa spinosa spinosa spinosa spinosa spinosa spinosa spinosa spinosa spinosa spinosa zhanyiensis Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Keokuk Warsaw Namurian 379 Locality Available Spergen Hill, IN County Washington County, IN St. Louis County, MO St. Louis County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Appanoosa, IL Hancock County, IL Bentonsport, IA Van Buren County, IA Button Mole Knob, Bullitt County, KY KY Clark County, MO Clark County, MO Greene County, IL Greene County, IL Keokuk, IA Lee County, IA Kings Mountain, KY Lincoln County, KY Lagrange, MO Clark County, MO Nauvoo, IL Hancock County, IL Plymouth, IL Hancock County, IL Somerset, KY Pulaski County, KY St. Francisville, MO Clark County, MO Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Warsaw, IL Hancock County, IL Zhanyi Yunnan, China APPENDIX B 380 APPENDIX B, Table 5, cont’d APPENDIX B. Table 5. Table of References for Occurrences Database (see Appendix A) Allen, A. T., & Lester, J. G., 1954. Contributions to the paleontology of northwest Georgia: Georgia. Geol. Survey, Bull. 62, 166 p., Pls. 1-42. Ariunchimeg, Y., 1996. New Lower Carboniferous bryozoans from Mongolia. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 1996: 67-72. Bancroft, A. J., 1985. The Carboniferous fenestrate bryozoan Ptylopora pluma M'Coy. Irish Journal of Earth Sciences 7: 35-45. --------, 1985. New Scottish Carboniferous fenestrate Bryozoa. Scottish Journal of Geology 21: 177-186. --------, 1986. A new Carboniferous fenestrate bryozoan genus. Scottish Journal of Geology 22:96-108. --------, 1986. The Carboniferous cystoporate bryozoan Eridopora macrostoma Ulrich from the north of England. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 46: 23-28. --------, 1986. Hederella carbonaria Condra and Elias, a rare? bryozoan from the Carboniferous of Great Britain. Proceedings of the Geological Association of London 97: 243-248. --------, 1986. Ovicells in the Palaeozoic bryozoan Order Fenestrata. Palaeontology 29: 155-164. --------, 1986. Secondary nanozooecia in some Upper Palaeozoic fenestrate Bryozoa. Palaeontology 29: 207-212. --------, 1986. The Carboniferous fenestrate bryozoan Hemitrypa hibernica M'Coy. Irish Journal of Earth Sciences 7: 111-124. --------, 1987. Biostratigraphical potential of the Carboniferous Bryozoa. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 98: 193-197. --------, 1987. The fenestrate bryozoan Septopora carbonaria (Etheridge Jun. 1873) from the Carboniferous of Great Britain. Geological Journal, 22: 1-10. --------, 1988. Ovicells in Rectifenestella from the Lower Carboniferous of Ireland. Irish Journal of Earth Sciences, 9: 19-22. --------, 1988. Palaeocorynid-type appendages in Upper Palaeozoic fenestellid Bryozoa. Palaeontology, 31: 665-675. 381 APPENDIX B, Table 5, cont’d Bancroft, A. J., Somerville, I. D. & Strank, A. R. E., 1988. A bryozoan build-up from the Lower Carboniferous of North Wales. Lethaia 21: 51-65. Bancroft, A.J., & Wyse Jackson, P.N., 1995. Revision of the Carboniferous bryozoan Fistulipora incrustans (Phillips, 1836), with remarks on the type species of Fistulipora M'Coy, 1849. Geological Journal, 30 : 129-143. Bassler, RS, 1932. The Stratigraphy of the Central Basin of Tennessee: Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 38, 268 p. Billing, I, 1991. Bryozoan growth on brachiopod spines in the Carboniferous of England. In: Bigey, F.P., & d'Hondt, J.-L., (editors), Bryozoaires Actuels et Fossiles: Bryozoa Living and Fossil. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France Mémoire HS 1: 39-47. Société des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France, Nantes. Burckle, L. H., 1960. Some Mississippian fenestrate Bryozoa from Central Utah. Journal of Paleontology 34: 1077-1098. Burger, A., Rexroad, C., Schneider, A. and Shaver, R., 1966. 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Stenophragmidium Bassler, 1952 (Trepostomida: Bryozoa) from the Mississippian of Ireland and Britain. Irish Journal of Earth Sciences 27(2007): 1-25. 382 APPENDIX B, Table 5, cont’d Cleary, D., & Wyse Jackson, P.N., 1999. Covert creatures from the Carboniferous: Stenophragmidium (Trepostomata, Bryozoa) from the Carboniferous of the British Isles. Irish Journal of Earth Sciences Condra, G. E. & Elias, M. K., 1944. Carboniferous and Permian ctenostomatous Bryozoa. Geological Society of America Bulletin 55: 517-568. Conkin, James E. & Fuson, Michael L., 1970. Archimedes kentuckiensis, a new fenestrate bryozoan from the Floyds Knob Formation (upper Osagean) of Kentucky. Journal of Paleontology 44 (4): 673-679. Crockford, J. M., 1947. Bryozoa from the Lower Carboniferous of New South Wales and Queensland. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 72: 148. Crockford, J. M., 1951. The development of bryozoan faunas in the Upper Palaeozoic of Australia. 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Paleozoic and Lower Triassic biostratigraphy of northeastern Washington. In: Joseph, N. L.; and others, editors, Geologic guidebook for Washington and adjacent areas: Washington Division of Geology 383 APPENDIX B, Table 5, cont’d and Earth Resources Information Circular 86, p. 23-40. Easton, 1942. An improved technique for photographing peel sections of corals: Jour. Paleon- tology, v. 16, p. 261-263. Easton, W. H. 1943. The fauna of the Pitkin formation of Arkansas. Journal of Paleontology 17:125–154. Easton, W. H. & Gutschick, R. C., 1953, Corals from the Redwall Limestone (Mississippian) of Arizona: Bull. So. California Acad. Sci., v. 52, pt. 1, 27 p. Elias, M.K., 1957. Late Mississippian fauna from the Redoak Hollow Formation of southern Oklahoma. Journal of Paleontology 31: 370-427. Elias, M.K., 1964. Stratigraphy and paleoecology of some Paleozoic bryozoans (with discussion). 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APPENDIX C 399 Actinotrypa Hexites Bactropora 26 27 28 Coscinium 20 21 22 23 24 25 Ascopora 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Lyropora 12 Triznotrypa 7 8 9 10 11 Theoretical Outgroup Ohio/Michigan, Waverly Arizona, Chester Iowa/Illinois, Burlington Volgograd Oblast, Russia QLD/NSW, AU, Lower Carboniferous Alabama, Bangor Rostov Oblast, Russia, Visean Ireland, Glencar KY/IL/TN, St. Louis Turkestan, Lower Carboniferous Illinois/Indiana/Missouri, Warsaw Russian Platform, Visean Siberian Russia, Tournaisian Japan, Visean Illinois/Missouri, Warsaw Arkansas, Pitkin Illinois Basin, Chester Kazakhstan, Lower Carboniferous Indiana, Glen Dean Missouri, St. Louis Siberian Russia, Visean Kentucky/Illinois, Keokuk Missouri, Keokuk Kentucky/Alabama/Ohio/Illinois, Chester Iowa, Keokuk Illinois, Keokuk Total Number of Genera Present Mediapora 1 2 3 4 5 6 Goniocladia APPENDIX C, Table 6, cont’d APPENDIX C. Table 6. Presence/Absence Data Matrix used for PAE, PGCA, DCA, and PCO. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 1 4 0 0 4 1 1 4 400 Intrapora Dyscritella Fenestralia Rhombocladia Taeniodictya Nikiforovella Streblotrypella Cyclopora Evactinopora Anisotrypa Nematopora Penniretepora Worthenopora Coeloconus Eridopora Prismopora 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Cheilotrypa APPENDIX C, Table 6, cont’d 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 6 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 7 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 7 401 Pinnatopora Thamniscus Hemitrpya Septopora Rhabdomeson 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 8 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 9 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 10 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 402 Tabulipora Reteporina 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 Archimedes Strotopora 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 7 Cystodictya Sulcoretepora 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 7 Batostomella Acanthocladia 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Glyptopora Dichotrypa APPENDIX C, Table 6, cont’d 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 11 11 11 12 11 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 3 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 4 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 6 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 7 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 9 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 11 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 12 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 13 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 14 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 15 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 16 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 17 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 18 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 19 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 20 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 21 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 22 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 23 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 25 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 26 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 27 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 28 12 13 15 16 17 21 23 23 24 403 Total Count of Unique Genera Polypora Fenestella Fistulipora Rhombopora Leioclema Meekopora Stenopora Streblotrypa Ptylopora APPENDIX C, Table 6, cont’d 0 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 21 23 23 25 26 LITERATURE CITED 404 LITERATURE CITED Anstey, R. 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