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DESIGN, BUILDING AND mum of A NE! rm mm W A THESIS 80mm ‘10 m FACULTY OF MICHIGAN 8W COLIN! mmzomarrm // autumn m m 13mm 01' IIICHANICAL mm JUN! 1989 THESiS i3? (gs-1'2 7 H 5 m DESIOI. BUILDING AND MING of A m TIP! HIDRAULIC 0mm Introduction - In tho tooting of tho draft dovolopod by horooo in connoction with tho uoo of varioua fan inplonohta, tho problou prooonta quito a oido rango of oonditiono. Tho cork roquirod my bo light, callin; for ono or too aninalo; or it may bo fairly hoary, roquirin; a d or c horao toan; or min, on out in tho Palouoo Oomtry of lootorn Iaohiuton, tho plow- ing in council: dono by an 8 or 10 horoo toan, Ihilo tho cc-bino harvootor io uoually pullod by a mat outfit of u to 50 horooo. Thooo conditiono call for a dynom-otor of too ride a rango for accurato rooulto undor all conditiono of load; Tho idoa «no to tho Iritor that a mall dynamo-our night bo built that could bo oaoily handlod and quickly connoctod at tho ono tug of o horoo or a oinglo troo. If tho oyoton of ovonoro ooro proporly balancod, on tho: uoually aro. oao could roadily oocuro tho avorago total pour dovolopod by tho horooo, no nattor hon many happonod to bo hitchod to- gothor. 3y thio mum-ant, an inotrulont capablo of touting tho draft of ono horoo could with tho nultiplo hitch giro tho total draft of all *l- ear “WW \ ‘i figural tho horeoe pulling tho load. 2-. m - It wee decided that a hydraulic dynan-etor with a recording gage carried beeido the driver. light beet loot the conditiona of Baetern Iaahington. L bollcwa, ouch ae ie uood for draught control on acne typeo of otean furnacee. wae eelocted an offering tho loot likely nothod of tranaferring the draft to liquid pro-euro, ' without looe of the liquid need. The manometer ehown in the accompanying photograph. (figure 1) hae boon conpletod, tented, and calibrated. All the work waa done by the writer. The dynamo-eter wee eo doeigned ae to take up the aini-na opace between the evener and einglo tree. It diaponaoe with the uoual ring between thooo two parto, eo that the eingle tree connected to the inetrulent ie moved ahead 8 or a} inchoe ae compared to ite ueual poeition. The bollowe (B) in 4 3/8 inchee outaido diameter and 3 inchee coop (time a). the Open 011‘ ie tightly cloeod by a the by 5 one inch circular eteel cover plate, packing, and a flat ring an eighth of an inch thick; thooo parte being aocuroly held together by 10 - 5/38 inch round head etove bolte. The circular plate ie connected to the evonor by two piooee of 5/16 by l 11‘ etrap iron 7 5/8 inchoe over all. owinging on a vertical eteol bolt which paoaee through the hole in the end of the double-tree. A 5/16 cap ecrew and nut at the center of the cloeed end of the bollowa euppcrta a yoke of 5/ld by 1 1/4 etrap iron which in Iade in two parte. thatched together by z - 5/16 inch cap ecrewe on either aide. To the aide of thie yoke fartheet fru the . ENG \ ..x QB” .oxtusutoxtt (itch- Nnxot Er: “Knox Luhhoot btc xxokb hex rtEofi a no «>30 bro butmxan .. x ":9 ..UxQUW QNK “2032\2XQ deb (QQXFK couch tong... \ d .m . 980\\ufi 2.3% ..m ..Qxb c.9330 WmWGuUm hoot £ NM. me. \ 2 ku.\$~zfi.mr.2xo\m ...... IN. ...a. niQQQ whOdR 5Q .bk. WM. twitch w \ .Qd Jr - two. 1*! i O T -‘i‘il’ i: ll"! me he niche“. 33 WW ovener. ie faetenod a etirrup 3 7/8 inchoe long.’ The two inner oap ecrewe hold the etirrup in place. The einglo tree ie connected to the atirrup where it narrowe dcnn to 5/8 inehee in the center. The two outer cap ecrewe paee loooely through the ende of the atirrup and are ocrooed into the 5/16 inch circular cover. They act ae otopa, pre- venting tho bollooe from being coupreeeod ac far on to bling the gage proeoure above ite narinun of 85 pounde per aquare inch. In preliminary toete, it wee found that the left end of the bellowe aeggod when under a horizontal pull and threw the corrugaticne of the bollowe out of line, thue producing a otrain on it. To overcome thie .lack of augment, a light piece of aheet brace, an inch in width (a-b), wae faetenod to the left end of the yoke and aloe to the etrap irone connecting to the ovonere. with enough curve at each and ac that the arrangement did not affect the free novenont of the bellowa. Two holee were drilled and tapped in the 5/16 inch cover plate , - one for filling with oil, and the other for attaching the flexible tube to the precauro recording device. a Brietol Recording Proeeurc Gauge wee uood for thie purpoee. .the chart in graduated to half pounde, the Ionian prooeuro being 85 pounda per oquare inch. The gage clock vae ordered to be geared to nako the chart turn once an hour, but no chart woe available with that type of graduaticne; oo o 84 hour chart had to be uood. A one hour period on the chart ie, therefore, equal to a 8i ninute period. a very eatiefactory speed for draft toeta. m ......r-m A wooden fro-e weighing 2?} pounde nae built to hang underneath the dynaleo-oter for eupporting the woighte uood in tooting and calibrat- ing the inetruont. The woighta uood were whole and half concrete build- iag blocke. For the firat trial, the bollowa of the dynamter and the con- noctiona to the recording proaauro gage were filled with koroaene with about 85$ no. 5 Zorolene. It waa fomd difficult to retain thia liquid under proaauro. The leaka though mall, eventually caueod the franc of the bollowa to one up againat the two atop cap ecrewe. The koroaeno eclution wee, therefore, removed and extra heavy Shell Oil (a Ioetern oil) waa uood in ita place. A good deal of care waa exercieed in order to renovo all the air. hen the dynamotcr waa load- ed and correaponding rocorda made on the chart on ahown in Figure 5. During thooo teata the needle valve waa wide open. The temperature of the roo- whero the teata were made waa 80%. Record 'a" ehowe the firet teat. The chart nakoe one complete revolution in one hour inetead of 84, ac that a 1 hour interval ea ahoan on the chart repreoente a} linutea. The dynalnonoter waa loaded it} pounda. then e1 and finally a 68 pound block waa added, naking a total load of 14.05» pounda. It will be noted at once that there waa a coneiderablo roaiatanee to a rapid tranefer of the proaauro free: the dynano-eter to the gage. The record ehowe that it took at leaat 8} ninutoa (4 diviaiona) for the pointer to ceaeo ita outward novemnt. On the 61 pound incroaao, the period waa' atill longer, -- about 7 diviaiona or nearly 4} ninutea. with the ca pound incroaee in load. the time waa at leaat 7‘} diviaiona or nearly 5 ninutee. Another teat inodiately following the firot ahowod tine intervala of 5, 8, and 5'}- ninutoa. Obviouoly, thia arrangement takee too long to record the changoe in proaauro for a draft recording inetrunont for fern inplenent teat. Such an inetrtaeont, however, ahould 0 go .QU’ARE IN . ‘g. ‘ — 0%“ Juan “when Co~~. .9- W'a’b \ 'w a 9 ,. figure 5. 4a— have a coneiderablo 'lag' in order to moth out the oxeeaaivo vibrat- ione, becauao of the mutual of the moving parto of the recording device. The c inch Briatol flexible duping coil. which waa Just below the needle valve, wae next removed, leaving only the 5 feet of flexible alenite ar-orod hoae betwaon the dynamo-tor and the needle valve next the recording gage. Then another aerieo of teata were made aa ahown by 'b' with increaanto of 1?}, 51, and 58 pounde aa before. The action of the ink pen wae moh more rapid. no auccoeaivc increaaee were recorded in about one diviaion each, or pcoeibly leae or in 55 or do aeconde. but 3/3 of tho reaultant novonnnt took place in about 1/5 of a diviaion or 'I or 8 aeconde. Then an additional weight of 85 pounde waa uood, increaaing the load for approximately 10 eoconde, then taking the weight off for 10 aecondo; continuing thia proceae a number of tinea ae ehcwn at 'C". It will be intoreating to note that the outer pointa cane alaoat to the cane height aa that ahown later when the 85 pound load waa left on continuoualy; but the inner pointe lached about i of a diviaion fro. coaing dean to the line recorded when the 85 pound weight waa ronoved. Then the 85 pound weight wae put on for 5 eeccnda and removed for intervale of about 5 aeconde. with the ahorter interval of fluctuat- ion, the movement of the recording pen waa cut dean to a little over 8 diviaiona or a variation of about it pcunda proaauro. It would appear, therefore, that the reaiatanco to the rapid flow of thia grade of oil in tho alenite tubing ie eufficient to oaticfactcrily out down undue fluctuationa at the recording pen eo that a quite accurate rec- ord of widely and rapidly fluctuating loada could be node. fine needle 9 .wowuwwow-SEE— ...- m naming... Figur‘e4. _ea~ It: valve etill can be ueod in caeee of extreme fluctuatione. It ahould also be noted that the average of the 5 aecond fluctuatione recorde a little higher than the average between the curvea when the 85 pound load won on 'and off,--but not lore than 1/5 of one diviaion or 8 pounde, at the great- eot, on the draft. Theee variation load toete chow that ae the load fluotuatee noro rapidly the pen Iovonont becouoe caller, a deeirable condition tending to the feocuring of more accurate recorde of draft teete of for. inpleaionte. Calibration _o_‘_r_ M Being in euocoeeion the woighte, - it}, 51, cc, es, and ac pounde the calibration curve wee eecured ae ehown on the chart, figure 4. The total of 8595 pounce gave Juet 80 pcunda per equaro inch on the record- ing gage, or a draft of practically 15 pounda draft per pound proaauro ae recorded on the gage chart. Then the weighte were taken off one at a tile in the revoreo order to that in which they were put on. It will be noted that there ie a “lag" ae the pen doee down, averaging one quarter of a pound, gage proaauro. Thie ia due to the fact that in- croaeod proaauro at the bellowe acte quickly, while the bellowe and light braee epring have a lighter pull tending to bring the pen toward the zero line. The reaiatanco of the oil to the return to nor-a1 on the part of the bellowe caueee a unifcne lag on the part of the record- ing pan. The calibration curve (11M 5) ie taken from the upward record on the denim d). The tanperaturo of the row waa einilar to that when the preliminary teata were node, a little over 8001. The plotted curve ie alnoot a etraight line, chewing that all air had been relieved when the oil wee put in the dynanoneter and connecting parte; -5- d l :r ' a: ._h nn‘ «an,4 44 _ _ w ,au_.i «an. n. n. infib qun a {nan ntnhn H44 «.fiu HM.J_ .« > t t r i > , o o lo tlv'ol lel t iii 0 ‘Tivi . t o. it e ore o t > r4 9+ V r r t +lr t F A j. 4 . 1.1:“... , .414. .iIT ..41 <__..j1.d in j «jinnfl To... lo-o||T'o|i ioltio A , ltlo'o‘eliiilel‘oild Y elouriti d'iio‘. v w ”I 0' 09-9-9lv eltlit .0 . o-o'i ’o i e O . o t viptvlt. EII Iieiel‘iT -4It4ITTJ'TOJiIe'oro 4 i r 1 w 1 d . . . , . . _ a , , r , . d c t ‘1 'ivil..iell '0 e oOV. Irio'o'ti i.|lo|e|oi lv'wilalti Y violo oIalei.v o o o'v Twit‘ .I. o o|e o . 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V o w e o v c . . . . . _c rot: . . . . w e . c . . . e . . o oral: i. c i .. . .ivio o v.9 1| . . . - . _ — . r. . i v . . . u . e e e c . . . . . . .iv .1 . . e . . a e . a . . o . o . . . . . c . . . . . . . . I . .io . .lelil . . . . o .ie ci e o Pi — _ u _ . _ _ . — . . . . h h . o c . e . . on .ie- . .-. . . o . . . t . . . e . e i . ~ . . . , . e e . . . . . . . . e c . . . . . e ..o o . or. e o .i_oii.ci it! It: . .i. . a- o. . . . _ . . , , _ h , _ o . e . e . . . . e . . . . . . _ g . . . i u a ._ . - . . * c .— e . . . o . . . .ieloi l.i.|.|e . i. e .i e A u . . . . e y _ loll el'd [IIIII'IIIV‘III ll! 4.! J.— ‘II T l- - :e d ‘ _ . _ . T 0 v e w . o . e 0' d. 9 w e wl e c . . e e e e — e . n - . e . . w o . v d . a . . o o o c o i . . eic o . i. ii i. .i.iT i . o . t e o o . ..II o w e o o o o ole w w e e e o t t e o e o e n - n o . e o O . . o o e 0 e o e o . Tr- e oitlo i. I. o wit! . ii. . e. o o . - . . O o o e e . . .-. t itio o e o . . o o e o w e— w e o w e a . o om - e *7 o o a . e o o o e t (oi. .l y i.le . el o e . _ o o . e e o t . . v . . w . . . e . . c . c e o . . — . .m . a o . . .. . ‘ . . . . e . . . t . v c n . T . .. lei.le t in ..e cipwav _ _ o . v . » I'ir _ “T nd‘l'ullllll—II I! Li» ..ldll'ld v I a. I. 'dIIIo'o #- _ c _ . ... . . , O o o e e . . e . w . o e . e . . c . m . . . o . . c o . . . . . i _ u . . u . e u i . . e e .u. . el.|Lii ieleucit‘ b..ql_v L ..i It. . . _ _ , w o o e o . c o e o o t4 . o ole or! e . . t e o v . c e . . w v . ‘ e .i o— . n _ . . ti. o . . . . . o c e e o e m e t o v o e o.» o c unit—i lt‘otoiul . cult .i y. ole o . . . . e o o e o o . . t o o. o cicio e o . e . v . . . . . . .. . . a. . m. . — . . . . . . e . — c o e e e .i w e . v . . e oi. -oicldlvlmivi.itih .-.Ifll. i. +L . . _ _ _ . . . _ _ , o _ o o I o o e . . w e e to. e e u e e e — . * . e . — . . . . c o e t v . w e w e e v e o . e'olillel.iwie .19 o a i o o a . c . . p _ . _ . A a Ii 0 .I L ..Iolet ii. .i .olell It'll. 4‘ a, . — . , . e . woe eeoo eooo w .. .o. . . .e e .. - . e . . . . e e . — . .0 . . . . lieii.icic i oie. e. e . — . _ _ . . doe . ..o .oo. r.|. . e .uwv . o. e e . . .o . . — . . . . .i — . .e. i.li.... ...u.o . «a . . _ o c o w e c e . . o o . .Io n e I. o . . o o e . . . . . . . e — e . . u o t . o . . . . o w . m o t n . o . ittli‘tli. . vivlo . i+ . a . ‘ h . _ . _ . — — . . , _ t v o o 4 wl . > o v o 0|. 9 o v o . e e o e ole o v0. 0 . o o w . .Ie h . w w e i e in . e . . o o a o o 0|.l e ..|.I..e . d. A — . . - . , e _ _ . . [00" h il" ‘1' , . . _ qI . . ~ . _ , . . _.w. o o w . e 0 o e w o o .ie or o e u . o . e . . . o w e w a n . . . - o I--. Viol ii: eatiV o #19. . . . , . _ V e 9 c v or. e on. ol-iti. o o O . a . o a .i. e . e . o . fi . o . . e u. e c . n o o i o e . i leitwiiulel ielo i.io .i‘ .M i . . , h . . . a . o 4 'o o o .lc o ele o It .i. . e e e o . o o ~ a . e o v u . . w . — . c . e o w . oi . e o e . . o woo e . ‘olild_|“ .e .Ie. A M H 6' . _ . _ _ . V . . . . t n i.. I' .. o q —Il.|'|el.qw {I'll-Ire! '11-'51. 0 .P H _ _ _ . . _ _ _ die 0 e o I. . v vlv elo o o I o e . c o c .ie . . . e . . — . . . c . . . u c e v o o c a o . . e . limliiei ilo'ol. it .i _ , . . _ , h ....i... ... . .. .. . ... .. _. . . .. .-hz.-h-.--.-.i_..-i-n . . , t u e e o O o e e :tno o I 4' o w o ”no ire e . . e e o e o c o m w o . . o o e o o o etc o 9 ..io o e w o e e e o -M .i . fir i. _ . _ _ , , * o v O. o o o o c e o o oIC|elo one o o o e o o . o e . e . . . o o 0‘. e.o . O . er — c w e a . e o o w o e w . .— _ .4LV _ _ h . . . _ u . . IOI'I" El O'EIJOOOE ‘I- I A ..lllw'vd 4 _ . w . . . n L YIYIFIOT . '4' In an Ole o . e . u e . o o old o c o o o e e . e e v e . e e . e . e . o e . . e c e o . . . o . e o . _ m . _ . . . _ . . . _ r . I e o o e e e o O T . o i. e c o o .le e . oi. or. v o o e e . o e . e o . e e . . . . . . . . o o o o e . . o e . v e o o . ,— _ _ a e . . . c o rI . e e . o o i i o o o n e . . o . e o . . e o e . e o w . . e . . e . e o o u _we o _ o . . e e In _ . o . c ole e e e a h w . e o . e . o on. o'- o . o t c o o '- o . o o'. e . e . e . o . . . oi. e . c v o e v o c . JI 4 linollhrlloll|tlldllv i . . w . . . . or. o o . . . . . . . e . . . . . . . . . e e . . . . q . e o V e . e v . c e a . . . . . It o e . . e v e t . e e . o . . e . n . o c .e o . . . o o . e . . I. . e a . e e w e e o e ti. lo a e e o. o. . o o o o e o e we t . o o ” .e w o e e o O 0 0 u _ . . . . ... a . e . ... i e e - e . . . . TH . .. Hi. . e o o . . w . _ r» . u _ _ . . 11 . _ [4 . in a J h . . .a 77‘ _ . H . _ m .ihio . . elel oh e-.. . e f: it o o e u e e . . _ _ e . e . * . . t e e . ... o o o o o o .e .o a o e e are e o c _ . . . e. o elti cure .Io -..-.- i e o e . hie . i - o w Ik «I o v o e o . - . . . . ~* ~ ...7a... Balsa: Paper Ca. Oehkoeh. Wue. ._ .fl—mev— and that the bellowe did not epring out radially. Thie latter point wee aloo checked at the time of the calibration teat by holding a etraight edge acroee the corrugatione of the bellowe. . In view of the fact that there won an average downward 'lag' of l/t of a pound per equaro inch, a reduction ahould be node from the calibration curve. Since when there ie conetant vibration of the pen point with the upper end of thooo vibratione reading accurately, and the lower end of the vibration 1/4 of a pound high, the average of thooo upward and downward novenente would be 1/5 of one pound proaauro per equaro inch too high, or 1 5/8 pounde on the draft. It eeene eufficient- Lv accurate to call thia 1 1/8 pounde and deduct thia amount from the average pull aa taken off the calibration curve. m feat 93 Seeder The firat actual teat of the dynanoueter under field conditiona wae with an 8 ft. 1.3.0. double Diak Drill with two tonguee and the etandard 1.3.6. o horee hitch. The equipment wae new and the evener pcrte un- worn. The writer had not eoen the drill before going to the field,»in fact did not know the make; but in a little leee than aix ninutee after the nohino wae atopped, it wee ready to nake the draft teat, the teen- etor helping. A one inch oak upright 50 inchee long waa faetenod to the aide of one of the tonguee with 8 - 5/8 inch lag ecrewe. A clamping device wee aloo provided for enorgency ueo in caee the upright had to be faetenod to natal. The recording gage (weight 15% lba.) wee ewcng a few inchee clear of the upright, being aueponded by a quite flexible apring 1 inch in dianotor and 5* inchee long. Another analler hori- zontal apring nae attached to the upright lower down, and faetenod to -7- . \I no $ § a _3q-- the back of the gage to prevent ita bumping and owinging unduly. By thia arrangement, the inetruinent rowed freely with the nova-onto of the drill, eo that the pan wee not diaturbed in ita accurate function by outaido influencee. The ground which no being eown to wheat, was very irregular, and therefore not given to the eecuring of a uniform record of draft. me conditione node a rather more teat on the apparatua. There acre no level etretchee; but 8 «- 100 ft. rune were laid off, both of quite uni- fora elopea, the firat having a as downward grade, and the other a 3% wade. Between thooo two rune wee a ahort knoll whoae maxi-u upward alopa wee a bit over 885 grade, and whoae groatoat downward alopa wee 10$ grade. farther on the upgrade wee a little over 50$. . Onthodfdowngradethedraftonthe onehoreeinfront ofthe dynuaonoter wee around 5 pounde gage proaauro or only 78 pounde per horao. (Figure 5) On the Mupgrade, it wee a auxin of 18 5/4, or about too pounde draft. The 5“ upgrade gave 8 1/4 or about 107 pounde on the einglo tree. On the level, the draft would have been a little wider 100 pounde per horee, but there ia not much level land in the famoue Pelouee Country. The maxim draft on the 50$ upgrade wee id x 15 or l88 pounde. -- a good. load where the hence are lifting then- aelvoe up a 50$ grade, - and on looeo land. On the eteep aide alopa, where the teen partly followed the con- toure, the aide eupporting epring wee not eufficient to keep the recording device away fro- tho upright eupport. Here the writer wee forced to walk Juet to the right and in front of the high drill wheel, and with a etiff wire keep the gage away- frm the etandard, - a rather difficult Job, no that on the 8nd. teat around (uood in the 8nd. copy of the theeie) becauee of bunpe the pen arm ehifted alightly at ita Joint and lowered the were reading nearly one pound. A better horizontal epring aupport for the gage, will overcome thia little difficulty. The day wee were (about 7o°r) and windy. The oil and the 5 ft. elenite connection ironed out the extreme vibratione at the bellowe ao that the curve on the chart wee not a widely fluctuating one. The needle valve wee wide open. m 3.9.: 2.9. 232: ' The teat plote of the Agricultural prerinont Station are on one of the few fielde where a fairly uniforn alopa ie to be had. It wee here, therefore, that the writer wiahod to make the plow teat; but thia had to unit the finieh of the epring needing on the College fan. The plow need in the teat waa a two-way 14 inch John Deere plow. The furrou were all turned down the alope. while the plowing wee done acroee the alope. Two horaee were need to pull the plow. Figure. 7 chore the dynaeoneter and recording gage in poaition. The ground waa not level with the furrowe, but had about a of upgrade at the beginning (going woet) , then it wee flatter and in two placoa nearly level, while the far end of the furrow wee a longer up-elopo nearly ea eteep ae at ’ the beginning. The furrowe were 580 feet long. I figure a ahowa the aecond chart taken. The firet few rounde ehowed too much ink in the pen. The plowing wee on wheat atubblo land. It will be noted that the draft recorde of all of the plowing towerda the weet were higher than when the plowing wae toward the coat, which wee on the average down alope. I ' The lower draft recorde, between the coat and the weet recorde were taken while the horaee were turning at the onde of the furrowa. -9- ~9a— Not often did the pen got down to the aero reading. Beginning with the weet record between 5:00 and 4:00 P.ll., and - continuing on through the teat, the dynenoneter wae taken from tho up- right and carried by hand to eeo if thia would make any difference in the vibration regiaterod on the chart. It appeara that the abount of ink in the pen ie the groateet factor. Keeping the pen partly filled and adding noro ink at frequent intervale gave the beat reeulta. Thie ie well illuetrated in the 5:00 - 5:00 PJI. recorde and in the 10:00 - 15:OO P.ll. recorde. The dynanmeter gave a very aatiefactory record of plow draft, ea capared to the recorde taken with the Schaffer a Baden- berg Dyna-outer, a couple of which (taken by the writer in lienitoba, Canada) ie ahowa. In thia teat two cuproeeion epringe were need to help flatten out the vibratione. lith the Schaffer at Budenberg inetru- lent the dietanco boteoen the min- and ninin draft vibratione waa often ea great ea one-third of the total average draft recorded. Other Poeeible era Ihile the dynanonotor wee deeigned prinarily for draft teata with fan inpluenta, and will be need in experimente along thooo linea at the State College of Iaahington, it would appear that a nodification of the principle night have a wider range of uaefulneae. It could be enplcyod to record the tine and anount of quite a variety of novenonte. Theeo novenente would not noceeaarily have to be accoapenied by a correaponding variation in proaauro. Two of theee bellowe, or analler diameter bellowe night be bolted together in order to eooure a wider noveaient. me and could be held etationary and the other attached directly to the fluctuating part or to a reducing or increaaing lever -10- ——-lOQ~ arrangement attached to 'the moving part or rooting againat it. Any movement (within limite) could be recorded, both ac to time and mount. Such an arrangement might, for example, be uood to record the timee that a platform ecalee no need to weigh objecta, and the amount of each weighing. -11- 453- 11/04 24 AI!!!“ .nu4z4 . .nr.0..+d..l6h ._vrvu UUDVUL 1.0: 0v VWn: 0n_d 0L03n£+OKVL+n +cuivimv 03+*0.nwc.kmn .fioihhotuh.» 0L5 nigl nu.» m. vuori 93.35333: mufbnuzaunotcuz E . 3C5. £003.: to mt..30.¢ we oidtUiemquEOSEQ MLUaCUthfl ivx$5£on. {.ka X}. has *x «it of axon 9:2}. 13$ 0...: ”you? On . ON a. b On an .5200 / . . , / , - . . , . ,. .. . . /_ , omen . i - . ..mo 00 0 “ T731 ilil'iilllill'llli‘lililliilliiilli'illlilJI’IfHIJl 31293 02236 0873