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STUDIES ON THE WHOLESOMENESS
OF A COMPLEX SODIUM ALUMINUM
ACID PHOSPHATE, A NEW
BAKING COMPOUND

Thesis fo: the Degree of M. St
MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE

Herbert E. KasoIf
1948

 

 

Thisistooertifgthatthe

thesis entitled

Studies on the Wholesomonou of a. Complex
Sodium—Aluminum Acid Phosphate. s. new Baking Acid.

presented by

Herbert I. Iasoff

has been accepted towards fulfillment
of the requirements for

Inter WW mm

5/. d ./W

Major Infessor

Date _

 

I‘ III [.IL f.|[(||l [[(II‘II1.I

I ; II \ (I ‘w .I

 

[[[[“

STUDIES ON THE HHOLESOMENESS OF'A COMPLEX
SOOIUN'ALUNINUM=AOIO PHOSPHATE,=A NEH
BANING COMPOUND

I!
um E. usorr

A THESI3 \ \ ‘
SUBMITTED To THE GRADUATE SCHOOL or ulcnIeAu STATE
coLLEaa or AGRICULTURE AND APPLIED scTEucE In
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT or THE REQUIREMEATs Fan THE

DEGREE 0F
MASTER OF SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

I9Q8

' 29‘. ,..:‘¥'I‘R‘r The:

7’6‘4—3
A“ I6

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AIII'III'II All

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The writer wishes to acknowledge his deep
appreciation and gratitude to Dr. C. A;
Hoppert for his suggestions and guidance '
.in the planning and development of this

project.

204077 ,

Pages 1—3

Page 4

Pages 4-5
Page 5

Page 6

Pages 6-7
Page 7

Page 8

Pages 9-10
Pages 10-11
Page 12
Pages 13-14

Pages 15~23

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction
Experimental Part I
A Study of the Wholesomeness of the Sodium Aluminum
Acid Phosphate by Addition to a Stock Ration
Data
Discussion
Experimental Part II
A Study of the Wholesomeness of Biscuits Prepared
with the Baking Compound
Data
Discussion
Experimental Part III
A Study of the Availability of the Phosphorus in

the New Baking Compound

Data
Discussion
Summary
Bibliography

Detailed Data

IINTRODUCNION

In general, three types of compounds are used for the purpose of
liberating carbon dioxide from baking soda for lightening or "leavening"
baked products. These compounds include; acids (e.g.tartaric acid),
acid salts (e.g.calcium acid phosphate and potassium acid tartrate)
and non-acid salts which act as very weak acids (e.g.sodium aluminum
sulphate). Typical reactions of these compounds with baking soda are;

HZQ2H4O6+2NaHC05—~#Na2C4H406'2C02+2H20
Tartaric

Acid

KHC4H406+NaHC03—~‘KNaC4H4O6 + C02+H20
Potassium Acid

Tartrate

"Cream of

Tartar"

SCaH4(PO4)2+8NaH003—~ACa3(PO4)2+4Na2HPO4+8002
CalciumrAcid

Phosphate

2NaAl(804)2+6NaHC03v~‘2A1(OH)3+4NaBSO4+6002
Sodium Aluminum I
Sulphate
"Alum“
Besides the acid salts of orthophosphoric acid, those of

pyrophosphoric acid have been used extensively in commercial baking.

 

 

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The latter were at one time brought under the careful scrutiny of the
Food and Drug Administration because of the supposed harmful effects of
perphosphates when.injected.into small experimental animals (1). How-
ever, the lack of evidence of harmful effects from their use by the '
consuming public over a period of twenty years-and negative evidence I
of harmfulness in a laboratory study (2) have resulted in the general
acceptance of perphosphates as baking compounds. Moreover,.it has
been shown (3) that pyrophosphates are utilized practically as well as
orthophosphates for meeting the phosphorus requirements of rate. .It
.is therefore evident that certain compounds may not only serve a useful
purpose in baking, but may also contribute to the nutritional supply of
some essential mineral element. Evidence of the nutritive value of
mono-calcium phosphate extensively used.in self-rising flours, partic-
ularly.in southern states was further indicated in a comparative study
of the nutritional value of various types of bread and biscuits (4).

The use of alum baking powders and aluminum kitchen ware has also
been subject to criticism and attack at various times. Much of this
effort to discourage the use of aluminum products has been of commer-
cial origin and must therefore be discredited. The fact is that not
very much.is known about the biological role of aluminum and about the
limits of tolerance for this element.

th has been shown that aluminum could be detected.in the blood of
dogs fed an aluminum free diet supplemented with an alum baking powder
(5). There was however no evidence of a cumulative effect.in the
blood. A study of the aluminum.balance of pre-school children led to
the conclusion that aluminwm is not essential at this stage of life (6).

On the other hand, it may be significant that aluminum.is present in

many tissues of the body such as brain, heart, liver, kidney and spleen
(7). Evidently the requirement.is very slight because.it has been shown
that one microgram per day of aluminum will satisfy the need of the rat
(8). More specifically, it has been demonstrated that the addition of
a minute amount of aluminum will accelerate the oxygen uptake.in.a
succinic dehydrogenase-cytrochrome system (9). That fairly large
amounts of aluminum are well tolerated by rats is shown by the fact that
rats fed diets containing one per cent of sodium aluminate or of one per
cent aluminum acetate remained.in good health throughout the period of
the experiment (10).

,It was the purpose of this study to determine the wholesomeness of
a new baking compound developed by the Victor Chemical Company of
Chicago, Illinois. The compound was a complex sodium.aluminum acid
phosphate to which the formula NaA13H14(PO4)8.3H20 was assigned. This

compound will be referred to as "Al.P." throughout the paper.

EXPERIMENTAL PARTII

.In order to determine the wholesomeness of the baking compound, it
was planned to use a generation type of feeding test involving repro—
duction and rearing of two litters by each female. Accordingly, several
groups of young rats were assembled.in such a way as to provide the
greatest possible shmilarity as to sex, weight and litter origin. The
animals, which were weighed weekly, were segregated as to sex until
they had attained sexual maturity at which time they were assembled
(.into comparable breeding groups composed of three females and one male.
At least two litters were obtained from each female. When pregnancy
was apparent, each female was segregated and allowed to remain with the
young for twenty-one days. ,In order to achieve greater uniformity in
the growth of the young, all large litters were reduced to seven.
Smaller litters were raised but the results were not.included.in the
general averages except in the case of litters of six animals. The
young were weighed at twenty-one days and again at twenty-five days
being continued on the ration used in raising the parents.

A comparison was made between groups receiving the stock ration
used in this laboratory and the same ration supplemented with one per
cent of the baking compound.

The stock ration had the following composition;

Yellow Corn Meal -35%
Ground Whole Wheat ‘25%
Powdered Whole Milk 20%
Linseed 011 Meal 10%
Alfalfa Loaf Meal 6%
Brewer's Yeast '3%
Table Salt 1%

The results of this experiment are summarised in tables I and II.

More extensive data are given at the end of the thesis. (PP 15,16,17,18)

 

Stock 9
Stock 0"
Stock + 1% "Al.P."L 9
"Stock + 1% "Al.P." d‘

Litter Wts.;

Ration

Stock

 

 

 

Table I
Number Initial Average Average 11 Animals
of Weight Weight at Weight at Final
Ration Sex Animals (Grams) 5 Weeks 10 Weeks Weight
12 67.5 165.4 211.9 ‘298.5
4 85.7 196.3 V283.O 476.5
12 66.3 161.8 '212.1 *298.0
4 83.. 7 ‘ 210.3 '290. 8 478. 5
Table II
Average Average
Weight Weight
Number of at121 days at'25 days
Animals ngrams), ngrams)
62 ~37.6 46.9
62 -38.1

Stock + 1% "Al.P."

Discussion:

46.9

It.is apparent from the data in tables.I and II that there were no

significant differences in the growth of the original animals nor.in

their offspring. The animals.in both groups appeared to be.identica1

in every respect. It may therefore be concluded that the addition of

one per cent of the new baking compound to the stock ration was without

noticeable effect on growth, reproduction and rearing of the young.

EXPERIMENTAL PARTIHI

Inasmuch as the baking compound under investigation would normally

be.ingested.in a prepared food, the second part of the study involved

the use of biscuits prepared with the baking compound.

recipe was used to prepare the biscuits;

Flour 400 gm.
NaHC03(C.P.) 5 8m.

"Al.P.“ 5 gm.

Table salt 8 gm.

Crisco 8 tablespoonsful
Milk 11 fl. oz.

The following

The biscuits were baked in an electric over at 450° for 30—55

minutes. They were then air-dried, ground and.incorporated in a diet

which consisted of the following;

Ground dry biscuit

Whole milk powder

Alfalfa loaf meal

Casein (edible commercial)
Brewer‘s yeast

Table salt

55%

[25%

10%
5%
4%
1%

The diet was compared with the stock ration using two groups of

rats selected and managed as previously described.

The results are

summarized in tables III and.IV with more extensive data given at the

end of the thesis. (PP 19, 20, 21, 22)

Table III

.Initial Weight at

Number of Weight 5 Weeks

Ration Sex Animals (Grams) (Grams)
Stock 9 6 64.2 152.8
Stock d” '2 75.5 '244.4
Biscuit Q 6 68.7 164.8
Biscuit on =2 77.5 245.0

Weight at
10 Weeks

(Grams)

19592

'527.0

193.7

'327.0

Final

Weight

229.0
451.5

~236.8

452.5

Table

Litter Wt;;

Number of
Ration Animals
Stock '36
Biscuit ‘59

Discussion:

IV

Average
Weight at
'21 days

(Grams)

35.3
56.2

Average
Weight at
25 days

(Grams)

46.7
48.0

The results in tables III and IV.indicate that a diet containing

fifty-five per cent of dried biscuits baked with the "Al.P."Lsustained

as good growth and permitted as good reproduction and rearing of young

as did the stock ration. This is further evidence of the wholesomeness

of the new baking compound.

EXPERIMENTAL PARTINHI

To determine the availability of the phosphorus.in the "Al.P.",
varying quantities of the baking compound were added to a rachitogenic
diet, both.in the form of the acid salt and after neutralization with
sodium bicarbonate. This procedure was used because of the findings
of Zucker et a1. (11) and Lynch (3) who showed that when enough avail-
able phosphorus was added to a rachitogenic diet, normal growth and
bone development resulted. This use of a rachitogenic diet in the pro—
duction of experimental rickets.is based on the fact that when the
phosphorus of the diet.is limited in amount and restricted to cereal
sources.in which much of the phosphorus.is.in the form of phytin, the
inclusion in the diet of a large amount, three per cent, of calcium
carbonate will so decrease the utilization of the phosphorus that the
calcification of the skeleton is practically.inhibited. The development
of rickets is therefore due to a very low concentration of.inorganic
phosphorus.in the blood (15). This is attributed according to Steenboch,
to the precipitation of the phytin by calcium before hydrolysis of the
former can occur; thus the phosphorus.is unavailable for absorption (14).
The addition of available phosphorus to the diet tends to elevate the
.inorganic phosphorus content of the blood and thus restores the calcifying
process.

Young animals weighing between forty and fifty grams were fed the
rachitogenic diet containing various levels of the free baking compound
and the neutralized baking compound. The neutralized form of the baking
compound was prepared by mixing the "Al.PP with sodium bicarbonate.in the
ratio used.in baking (ltl) adding water and then evaporating to dryness

on a steam bath. The rachitogenic diet used had the following composition;

Yellow corn meal 63%

Gluten :20%
Ground whole wheat 10%
Yeast 3%
C30 03 3%
Table salt 1%

.In view of the fact that 1 gram of "Al.P." was equivalent to 1.54
grams of the neutralized "Al.P.", the baking compound was added to the
rachitogenic diet in the quantities of l, 2, 3 and 4 per cent by weight;
the neutralized compound was added in quantities of 1.54,'2.68 and 4.02%
by weight. The animals were weighed once a week and sacrificed at the
end of the fourth week at which time blood samples were taken and one
femur dissected from each animal. The blood was analyzed for.inorganic
phosphorus using the Youngburg method and the Fischer photoelectric
colorimeter using the 425 mu filter. The method was modified to the
extent of using a blank and allowing the blank, standard and unknown
to stand for five minutes.instead of one minute. The per cent trans-
mission was converted to Optical density using the table on page 472
in "Practical Physiological Chemistry" by Hawk, Oser and Summerson.

The milligrams per cent of phosphorus was calculated by the formula;

Concentration of Unknown—Density of Unknown x Concn x 100
Density of Standard of
MGM % Standard

The dissected femora, cleared of adhering tissue, were extracted
with 95% ethanol and ashed. The summarized results are given in table

V and more detailed data are given at the end of the thesis. (PP 23)

 

 

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lO

 

Table V
Average
Blood Average 4-week
Number Inorganic Final gain in
of % Bone Phosphorus Weight Weight
Ratign_ Animals _A§h;_, kjmgm %) (Grams) (Grams)
Stock 12 41.47 5.25 103.83 62.67
Basal Rachitogenic 12 15.12 "2.31 78.00 '26.83
Basal + 1% "Al.P." 12 17.69 3.53 89.00 42.67
Basal +12% "Al.P."» 12 229.86 4.10 97.33 52.67
Basal +'3% "Al.P."I 12 41.84 5.47 100.83 57.66
Basal + 4% "Al.P." 12 40.33 4.62 91.67 51.33
Basal + 1.34% 12 '20.38 3.59 81.50 ~37.83
neutralized "Al.P."
Basal +»2.68% 12 42.96 5.25 101.66 59.00
neutralized "Al.P."
Basal + 4.02% 12 42.06 4.53 100.66 52.33

neutralized "Al.P."
Discussion:

It is evident from the results shown in table V that with an
.increase.in the amount of "Al.P.", either as the acid salt or the
neutralized form, added to the basal diet there.is an.increase.in blood
phosphorus, bone ash and weight gained over the four-week period. This
.increase reaches a maximum with the 3% level for the acid salt and the
'2.68% level for the neutralized form. This.indicates that the phos-
phorus.in the neutralized form.is more effectively utilized than that
of the acid salt. Further evidence of this difference.in availability

.is indicated by the fact that adverse effects are attained at levels of

4% of the acid salt and 4.02% of the neutralized form,.inasmuch as the

4.02% of the latter supplies the same amount of phosphorus as 5% of the
acid salt. It is known that the addition of acid to a rachitogenic
diet affects the degree of rickets developed in rats so that the dif-
ferences observed between the two forms may perhaps be due to this

factor. The fact that both forms are readily assimilated.indicates

that this baking compound may be considered as a potential source of

phosphorus in human diets.

ll

12
SUMMARY:

1. The addition of one per cent of the sodium aluminum acid
phosphate to a normal diet has no.ill effects whatsoever in rats as
judged by growth, reproduction and rearing of young.

2. A diet containing fifty-five per cent of biscuits prepared
with this baking compound supported normal growth, reproduction and
rearing of young in rats.

3. The new baking compound may therefore be regarded as whole-
some.

4. The addition of the sodium aluminum acid phosphate or.its
neutralized form to a rachitogenic diet.indicated that the phosphorus
supplied by either form was readily available.

5. The new baking compound, sodium aluminum acid phosphate, is

therefore a potential source of phosphorus for nutritional purposes.

6.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13

Crawford, A. C., A Poisonous Principle in Certain Cotton;Seed Meals,
J. Pharmacol and Exp. Therap., ;, 519-48 (1910).

Hoppert, C. A., A Study of the Possible Toxic Effects of Certain
Compounds That Are 0r May Be Used As Baking Acids, Technical Report
for Victor Chemical Company, (1922).

Lynch, w. H., Thesis for M. s. Degree, Michigan State College, (1942).
H0ppert, C. A., The Nutritive Value of Various Types of Bread and

Biscuits, Technical Bulletin for National Soft Wheat Millers'
Association, Nashville, Tenn. (1928).

Steel, M., Absorption of Aluminum from Aluminized Food, Am. J.
Physiol, gag, 94-102 (1911).

Scoular, F. I., A Quantitative Study by Means of Spectrographic
Analysis of Aluminum.in Nutrition, J. Nutrition, 11, 393-403, (1939).
Myers, V. C. and MUll, J. W., Aluminum Content of Human Autopsy
Material, J. Biol. Chem., 17;, 615 (1928).

Hove, E., Elvehéem, C. A. and Hart, E. 8., Aluminum in the Nutrition
of the Rat, Am. J. Physiol, Lag, 640-43 (1938).

Horecker, B. L., Stortz, E. and Hogness, T. R., The Promoting Effect
of Aluminum, dromium and Rare Earths in the Succinic Dehydrogenase—
()ytochrome System, J. Biol. Chem., 12§,'251-66 (1939).

Hoppert, C. A., Unpublished Data, (1930).

Zucker, T. F., Hall, L. and Young, M., Growth and Calcification on

a Diet Deficient in Phosphate But Otherwise Adequate, J. Nutrition,

22, 139-151 (1941).
Koch, E. M., and Cahan, M. H., The Inorganic Blood Phosphate of Rats
on Rachitic and on Non-rachitic Diets, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med.,

egg, 153-4 (1926) .

13. Lowe, J. T. and Steenbock, H., The Hydrolysis of Phytin in the

Intestine, Biochdm, 1., 30, 1991-5 (1936).

14

Date

'2/5/47

'2/12
‘2/19
2/26

3/5
'3/12

4/9

4/16
4/23
4/30

5/7

5/14
5/21
5/28

6/18
6/25

7/2
7/9

7/16.

7/23
7/30

8/6

8/13
8/20
8/27

9/10

10/1
10/8

10/22

57
76
100
110

124
138

168
174
174
190

200
4203
'210
'220

'250
’250

260
280

'256
260

‘304

STOCK NATION

Weight in Grams

92 92
80 65
100 80
126 104
146 126
166 146
186 166
1212 183
217 195
221 '210
'235 227
,225 263
>228
'235 240
.243 '
230
272
'275
-260 250
'270 265
290 270
305 '310
'260
*262
316 '284
295
307
332 '318
Matings:

24
73

94:.

122
146

160
176

196
220
'235
245
245

260
280

-270
.290

'334

302

-356

1. Q1, Q2, Q5, 0'1
2. Q2, Q4, Q6, 62

29

60

82
112
136

156
176

216

>225

235

'240

'250

255

'260

270

-300

295
300

315

'330

'346

352

‘364

E.

77

102
135
156

166
178

210

'220
‘240

250

260

‘278
'333

“240

'255
'260
'285

330
Died

160
190

244
295
313
330

345
358

'380
‘380

430
450

350
370

‘380

390
400

430
463
458
464
470
525

514

E9

86
130
166

'200

232

'276

327
350
365

380

'390

410
410

445
440

450
430
460
450
470

475
480
463
468
478
535

530

'STOCK‘J I5 ‘AL.P.'

Date g1, g§ g2, 919 £11
72/5/47 60 85 60 6O 57
'2/12 72 113 70 84 82
:2/19 90 143 96 114 108
*2/26 102 164 110 138 136
3/5 120 182 125 156 154
-3/12 138 ‘200 140 172 170
4/9 164 .235 -205 184 »208
4/16 175 213 .215 225 235
4/23 182 245 »235 .245 (220
4/30 200 -264 '260 280 1224
5/7 ~220 300 .240
5/14 '258
5/21 301 »237 .220 -305
5/28 225 -310 -280 ~3l5
6/18 -330
6/25 ,240 (270 290 ~260

7/2 -270

7/9 1260 290

7/16 -295

7/23 .250 303 >330 ‘298
7/30 -255 310
8/6 262 »325 317
8/13 313 -280 -362
8/20 .290 .290

8/27 '286 »296

9/10 ‘ 348

10/1 -310 '318

10/8 322 -352 330 -336
10/22 -348 -388 -342 -305 -345

Matings: l. 97, 08, 911. 53

‘S

'20 99’ 910’ 912’ O4

912

114
138
156

174
188

210
196
215
245

247
255

285

‘330

'280
300

1288

342
'354

E2

76
116
150

185

218

312
32 7
350
360

375

419
410

420
430

430

460
470
470

475
470
475
460

478
510

514
510

he

84
118
158

193

228

288

300

320
335
340
350
380

380

430
420

425
440
450
455
460

462
457
455
454
468
505

520

16

Date

-3/13/47

4/2

4/16
4/23
4/30

5/7

5/14
5/21
5/28

6/18
6/25

7/2
7/9

7/16.

7/23

*2/30-

8/6

8/13
8/20
8/27

9/10

10/1
10/8

10/29

11/5

213
60

119
135
145
147

158
165
180
178

193
190

185
190

'245

310
310
320

'230
=248
'287

‘STOCX NATION

914 915
70 66
134 142
163 169
180 195
188 '205
195 -217
’203 '225
'222 I228
220 1240
'255 .270
*258 .275
>250 =270
260 ’265
3275 '275
~300
‘283
-280
'262 300
*268
'300 '288
‘307
'286
~357 '295
Matings:

1.
*2.

414
66

142
169
190
200

'215
'220
'225
=238

*260

265

'275

270

-330

312

314

'325

'338

72

132
150
162
170

182
185

:200

'200

"220

'228

'230

.245

253
'265

288
‘290
322

~32O

218
64
143

179
195

‘209

'220
=230
’240
'240

*265
*262

'270
‘268

‘285
'294

'313

358

~335

914, 913, 915, 56
918, 917, 916, 65

E?

152
190'
190
200

‘214
’233
‘245
:260

‘305
‘312

'300
'290
‘300

310
320

'330
'350
-360

360

'392

402
425

430

I8?

130‘
173
195
‘210

‘245
'265
*265

315
'320

310
*315
325
'360
'365

'372
'360
-365
‘371

'387
402
413
425

432

17

66

105
135
150
158

172
177
190

180‘

'210
‘200

>210
'212

’235

240

’242
'320

'329

'STOCX‘i I3 I“Al.P."

920
70

125
150
170
179

192

“203
'215
.210

‘240
4230

,240
'250
'265
'270
'300

'320

'278

282
310

‘315

Matings:

Q21
70

136
167
172
176

‘200

’212
’235
'240

'268

‘270

1260

265

'280
'320

-280

332

'306

337

‘344

1.
'2.

222
54

126
155
170
175

195
'202
214
'220

'242
=245

'250
253
'315
‘320
343

’278
280

265
‘300

'298

919, 920, 921,

' 9.23

70

106
160
153
163

174
188
202
’203

232
'234

'245
'252

'272
277
'316

302
'320

-330

67

923, 924, 022, 68

924
60

126
167
186
194

'200
'216
*230
'228

'260
'260

'272
'275
'305

315

252

'259
'274

'298
'311
'344

352

146
.210

'230

‘250

*270
’278
=292
290

’285
'310

'350
'360
‘370
'370

'375
'370
'380
'360

'378
411
416
435

-443

I2

65

126
185
'205
219

’230
’240

’250‘

'252

'270
’290

'295
297
'310

'320‘

~340

'352
'350
-360
'360

‘380
415
432
433

441

18

Date
7/26/47

8/2
8/9
8/16
8/23
8/30'

9/6
9/13
9/27

10/4

10/11
10/18
10/25

11/1
11/8
11/22
11/29

12/6
12/13
12/20
1/10/48
1/17
1/31

)2/21

9.29
52

71

110
118
135

146
155
168

176-

195
214

'204

'220

255
218
'213

238

229.
68

91
109
130
143
160

160
168
183
188

206
'220

181
198

'222
240

'215
243

227

Matings:

'STOCK RATION

9.2.2
69

92
106
133
142
156

166
173
188

198

.210

234

262
255
292

1210

.254

1232

l.
‘2.

228
53

70
80
110
124
147

153
164
186

'201
214
'226
225

226
1242

213
'230

221
252

i248

Q29
72

95
116
135
148
153

160'
174
193

202
212
240
‘248

220

’214

' 240

280

214

I2”

71

106
132
150
166

167
183
105

'216
'235
1236
248

‘277

1265
=273

.273
-308

'235
'260

'215

925, 926, 927, 69

928’ 929’ 930’

610

IE?

113
142
188

‘214
'250

'273
'292
'323

‘336
"356

358

'364

‘387
'403

411
418

427
411
412

432
430
410

447

78

113
140
181
'206
'238

260

'316-

'318
'322
‘342
'345

‘358
'370
388

400'

‘410-

'390
‘395

-360
"370
408

416

19

BISCUIT RATION

Date 3;; 932 2;; 234 935 939, 611 612
7/26/47 65 52 70 80 68 77 76 79
8/2 90, 82 98 107 95 104 116 117
8/9 103 103 115 118 110 126 150 147
8/16 127 123 151 140 137 149 190 184
8/23 145 134 160 146 147 158 ,215 .322
8/30 165 145 180 160 168 171 1240 »250
9/6 170 153 187 165 170 180 I256 -268
9/13 175 163 .200 172 185 186 I285 1287
9/27 185 174 -211 180 200- =204 -318 320
10/4‘ 178 184 .220 184 186 »210 »330 -324
10/11 186. 194 ~228 192 '218 '226 346 4324
10/18 203 '208 242 212 .242 265 -365 -350
10/25 ,215 .214 »241 . -360 -350
11/1 .377 357
11/8 - 384 -380
11/22 -210 =242 -210 -230 -396 .391
12/6. 217 ~225 ~272 262 414 422
12/13 (217 .230 '285 —397 400
12/20 222 »244 403 402
1/10/48 :248 i250 260 .252 .253 400 -390
1/17 1260 ,273 '260 '260 410. 415
1/31 ~440 435
:2/17 .210 .214 450 445
(2/21 1210 .221 '285 225 .273 .214 454 451

Matings; 1. 031, 932, 033, 611
2. 034, 035, 936, 612

Animal
91

92

93
04

95
913
914 _
915
916
917
918
97
98

99
910

911
912

919

920

NBIGHT OF'UITTERS

39.12199

Stock
Stock

Stock
Stock

Stock
Stock
Stock
Stock
Stock
Stock
Stock
Stock+l%

Stock+l%

'Stock+l%

Stock+1%

Stock+1%
Stock+1%

Stock+l%

Stock+1%

“Al.P."-

"A]-. P. "

"Al.P."

"M. P. flI

"Al.P."

"Al. P. H,

"Al. P. "

"Al.P.“

No..in

orig.

Litter

[.4

H

F‘F‘

H‘F‘

I-‘

(DQLOQOCDOQCDGDLOAOU

OCDNI—‘(DtOxlI—‘I—‘(DmmfliomtOOKOOQOI-JIO‘O

No. in
Litter

Weighed

O}\IQQGQQQQflQCfiQQQUQQQQQQGQQQOQPQUQQQQ

Wt. of
Litter
atL21 days

 

'255
‘225
‘335
-212
1254
'205
'207
‘213
168
170
235
165
'219
171
’217
'223
‘231
'320
152
193

198

'249
'236-
’274
'290
238
‘315
’212
168
169
'274
=225

Wt. of
Litter
at’25 days

 

'267
'324
'273
402
’260
'324
’248
’256
'268
'223
'214
‘299
189
274
'208
'253
'290
'283
'396
'208
'241
'350
‘246
'210
310'
'318
'361
'353
306
-371
271
'217
'225
'346
'286

-21

921
022
923

924

925
926
927
929

930

931
932
033
934

935
936

Ration

Stock+1%
Stock+1%
Stock+1%

Stock+l%

Stock
Stock
Stock

Stock

'Stock

Biscuit

Biscuit

-Biscuit

Biscuit

Biscuit
Biscuit

"Al.P."'

"Al. P. "'

"111. P. n.

"A10 Po "'

No.,in
orig.

Litter

4:0)u1n343030301

OSODKOflmUII—‘(DCDCD

(DQCDCDQQOCDUJCDCD

No..in
Litter

Weighed

Oio>o>o>OJOJo>o>Uwq -o-q-q-QCficn(fi-o

<10>010><10>o><lo><101

Wt. of
Litter
.in'2l days

236
197
'232
'231
’231
173
.251
'237

*204
196
167
155
121
107
170
187
209
'250

176
192
174
‘251
'271
285
’260
*241

'203
312

Wt. of
Litter
.in 25 days

‘318
'244
324
264
’283
I236
-327
315

‘243
’252
‘216~
’208
145
137
‘215
‘227
=250
'301

'248
’271
'236-
‘291
'356
'347
'330
‘276
’247
I238
'364

22

Average23

 

 

Weight Weight Blood Average 4—Week
Number of of .Inorganic Final Gain.in
of Bones Ash % Phosphorus Weight Weight
Ration Animals (Grams) (Grams) Ash (mgm %)‘ (Grams) (Grams)
Stock 4 1.1124 0.4708 42.32 5.40 108.50 69.00
4 0.9706 0.3990 41.12 5.25 103.00 60.50
4 0.9664 0.3958 40.96 5.11 100.00 58.50
Basal 4 0.6358 0.0996 15.67 (2.35 82.50-"29.5O
4 0.6410 0.0978 15.39 '2.30 78.00 '25.50
4 0.7878 0.1124 14.27 '2.28 73.50 125.50
Basal + 1% "Al.P."i 4 0.8442 0.1487 17.61 '3.55 89.50 42.50
4 0.8316 0.1429 17.30 -3.31 82.00 ~34.50*
4 0.8568 0.1556 18.16 33.73 95.50 51.00
Basal + 1% "Al.P."- 4 1.0316 0.3010'29.18 4.03 89.00 43.00
4 0.8996 0.2754-30.61 4.15 105.50 56.50
4 1.1221 0.3344 29.80 4.12 97.50 58.50
Basal + 3% "Al.P." 4 0.9209 0.3213 40.36 5.32 97.50 53.50
4 1.1345 0.4806 42.36 5.55 106.00 63.50
4 1.1208 0.4797 42.80 5.53 99.004 56.00
Basal + 4% "Al.P." 4 1.0488 0.4098 39.24 4.43 90.50 50.00
4 0.9347 0.3780 40.44 4.62 91.00 51.50.
4 0.8853 0.3658 41.32 4.81 92.50 52.50
Basal + 1.34% 4 0.8234 0.1746~21uZl ‘3.80 87.50 42.50
Neutralized "Al.P." 4 0.9716 0.2016 20.67 -3.78 80.00 -36.50
4 1.1585 0.2425 19.27 '3.18 77.00 -34.50
Basal + 2.68% 4 0.7785 0.3241 41.63 5.14 97.50 59.00
Neutralized "Al.P." 4 0.8318 0.3672 42.87 5.24 101.50 61.00
4 0.9724 0.4314 44.37 5.38 106.00 57.00
Basal + 4.02% 4 0.9096 0.3811 41.90 4.54 100.00 54.00
Neutralized "Al.P."}. 4 0.8450 0.3635 43.02 4.68 104.00 52.50
‘ 4 0.8194 0.3381 41.26 4.37 97.00 50.50

 

‘r
”1’“

 

 

,cumam (In.
9543
K19 Kasoff

204077

 

3 1293 02446 7577