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c3:

POPULATION ANALYSIS
AND
PLANNING FOR THE NEEDS

OF THE COMMUNITY

by Chandra Western

A paper as part of the Plan B requirement

in the completion of the Master's Program in
the School of Urban Planning and Landscape
Architecture at Michigan State University.

Acknowledgements

I'd like to express a special thanks to June Thomas, my advi-
sor and mentor. Thank you for opening my eyes so that I was
able to see the light at the end of the tunnel. I've almost
made it. I offer you only the best for the future and it is
my sincerest hope that you are able to encourage other stu-

dents as you have encouraged me.

Thanks are also in order for the Northwest Michigan Regional
Planning and Development Commission. I greatly appreciate

the opportunity to work and learn with your agency.

!
'L‘J’

II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.

IX.

TABLE OF

Introduction . . . . .
Summary of Area . . .
Regional History . . .
Regional Population .
Regional Analysis . .
Regional Economy . . .

Regional Growth Centers

Potential Growth Centers

CONTENTS

Factors Affecting Population

A. Historical Trends
B. Labor Force . . .
C. The Economy . . .
D. Age/Sex Profile .
Concluding Analysis .
A. Forecasts . . . .

B. Methodology . . .

References . . . . . . . . .

Appendix 0 O O O O O O O O I

«Imam

10
10

11

13
14
14
16
20
21
22
23

24

‘42?"

INTRODUCTION

 

Community development and population analysis are
inseparable. To understand one is to understand the other.
Community development is a process by which the people of a
community come together to assess the needs and problems of
their community, to plan for equitable solutions using the
resources of governmental and non-governmental resources.
This process cannot be undertaken without a thorough under-
standing of the characteristics of the community-population

analysis.

A population analysis of a community or region can tell

many important factors that will enable effective community
development and planning for the Specific population. For
example, it is senseless to plan for playgrounds and parks
there are few school aged children in an area.

By understanding the population composition of a com-
munity is to effectively plan for the future needs of that

community.

if

SUMMARY OF AREA

The ten—county Northwest Michigan Region is a fast-
growth area because of the desirability of the area both for
living and for industrial and natural resource development.
It is a "seller's market”, in which housing prices are
largely based on the purchasing ability of in-migrating
households accustomed to higher incomes and prices in their
previous places of residence. Median family income in the
Region is significantly lower than the state-wide average.

The popularity of the Region for retirement living has
resulted in a relatively high percent of elderly households
on fixed incomes. Total minority composition in 1970 was
1.29 percent of the population, with Native Americans being
the major group. Approximately a third of the total housing
supply in 1970 was used for seasonal and recreational occu-
pancy. Changes in the supply of housing since 1970, seasonal
housing in particular, are not easily determined because
local building and occupancy permit procedures were not
generally adapted until about 1975.

Just over 12 percent of the year-round housing in the
1970 census was substandard, and over 75 percent of that was
occupied. A major proportion of that housing could probably
be upgraded to a standard condition simply by installing
complete plumbing (only 16 percent of the substandard housing
had complete plumbing). In light of the cost of new con-

struction and the need to make full use of investments in

aw;

existing communities, a major effort is needed to rehabilitate
existing housing and the neighborhoods in which it is situated.
As more households find themselves unable to qualify for
mortgages via traditional private-sector financing, it is all
the more important for local units of government to work with
the private sector in developing desirable locations for
publicly-assisted housing, both single-family and multi-
family rental units. Since financial resources for publicly-
assisted housing are very limited in contrast to the needs
and demand, we need a cooperative marketing agreement with
the several public agencies which administer public funding
for housing, and a priority schedule based on critical

housing needs in these communities.

Regional History

 

The first inhabitants of Northwest Michigan dwelt here
long before recorded history. An ancient village site dis—
covered recently near Charlevoix was dated at 1500 B.C.

As these inhabitants were hunters and gatherers, their
lives held few differences from their European counterparts.
The early stages of trade took place between villages; as
time progressed, between tribes. Over the centuries, trade
was commonplace upon the arrival of European settlers.

Copper from Michigan's Upper Peninsula turned up in
southern areas as a result of bartering and trade between
northern and southern peoples. Food stuffs (maize, beans,

squash, tomatoes) as well as farming techniques were relayed

randomly throughout the regions. This practice enabled many
tribes the luxury of remaining settled and still being
assured of maintaining themselves.

Europeans first settled the Northwest Region of Michigan
in the 1600's when monarchs of respective nations sought the
wealth the area offered. These adventurers were followed by
military persons to fortify frontier outposts. This onslaught
of newcomers brought many changes to the Region, especially
in the realm of religious and economic outlook. Christianity
and an expansive system of fur trade can be cited as Just two
examples of these changes.

The colonization of the new world led to the War for
Independence and succeeding wars for additional lands needed
by the expanding new nation. Government surveyors and
pioneer farmers came in streams to what is now Michigan.
Northwest Michigan, like most of the state, was wild and
heavily forested. With the needs of a growing nation,
loggers came to strip the land of its giant red and white
pines.

From the great timber stands of Michigan's Northwest
were built homes, stores and factories for the burgeoning
industrial cities of the Midwest. Logging began Just prior
to 1850 and from then until the 1890's, Michigan was the
leading timber producing state in the nation.

Towns along the Manistee and Boardman rivers began to

boom with the advent of the logging industry. Now cities

such as Cadillac and Kalkaska are shadows of their former
selves since the logging industry has all but left Michigan.

Plows tend to follow axes. Agriculture simultaneously
grew with the logging industry. Prior to the advent of
logging, there were very few independently owned parcels of
land in Michigan. The end of the Civil War saw a marked
increase in homesteaders although much of the land was
unsuitable for general agriculture.

The new century marked the beginning of a new day in the
economic conditions of the area. Dire poverty came as
Michigan's resources were stripped away. Those left with the
land turned to the Michigan Agricultural College (which is
now Michigan State University) for counsel. The soil studies
of 1889, and subsequent ones, indicated that the most profi-
table crops to grow were cherries and other small fruit,
Christmas trees, hay and Irish potatoes. Dairying and general
agriculture have evolved into major businesses in the area.

The state Forestry Commission was formed in 1902 after
gross mismangement of the land, and a mood of conservation
became accepted. This commission had the task of rebuilding
the mutilated forests. As a result of their efforts, lumber
and wood products have remained a significant part of
Michigan's present economy. Tourism and its continuing
import can be cited as a by-product of the wood industry.

Michigan's Northwest has the distinction of being a

renowned outdoor playground, with its proximity to Lake

Michigan, and some of the largest and most beautiful inland
lakes are found here.

In 1967, Michigan ranked as the fourth most pOpular
vacation state in the nation. The auto brought hunters and
sportsmen with the tourists. With the increase in leisure
time, tourism and recreation has become a year-round

enterprise for Michigan's great northwest.

Regional P0pu1ation

The population of the region was 208,286 in the 1980
Census. In 1970, the papulation was 158,333 persons. The
actual calculation of these figures is done by taking the
count of births, deaths and migrations in the Region. The
deaths are subtracted from the births and the remaining
figure is the natural increase. The increase from the pre-
vious decade is the tgtgl amount of pOpulation increase; then
the natural increase is subtracted from the total increase
and the remaining figure is the migrational increase.

Over the last decade, the natural increase was found to
be 8,083, or 16.1% of the total increase. Migration was
calculated at 83.9%, or 41,870 persons, for the 70-80 decade.
As the figures indicate, the migrational increase is much
greater than the natural increase: there are a lot of people
moving into the Region.

The population for the Region has increased 31.5% from
1970 to 1980 (U.S. Census). The greatest increases can be

seen in Kalkaska, Missaukee and Grand Traverse counties,

respectively. However, Grand Traverse increased geater in
absolute numbers from the 1970 figure of 39,175 to 54,899
in 1980.

The overall attractive features in the Northwest Region
was determined by the Northwest Regional Planning Commission
to be the major factor for the increase in the Region's popu-
lation as opposed to the overall decline in the state's popu-

lation.

Regional Analysis

The Northwest Region of Michigan is composed of ten
counties, with Traverse City, Cadillac, Petoskey and Manistee
as growth centers. Historically, the Region had been in
decline since about the turn of the century, after the
logging industry left the area. From 1900-1940, there was a
steady decline in population; with the advent of the 50's,
population has been on the increase. The decades of the
60's, 70's and 80's show an increase respectively of 7.7%,
13% and 31.5%, which includes continued growth despite the
state's economic conditions, growth rates over the past 20
years, age group analysis. These are only a few of the many
factors reSponsible for the rapid growth of the Region;
however, none are more important than birthd, deaths and
immigration. Still, there must be some analysis of these
factors when we consider that, overall, the state is losing

population and the Region continues to grow.

Regional Facts

Population in 1980 8 208,286

 

 

 

 

 

1960 1970 1980 1990*
135,381 158,333 208,286 254,000
Percentage Changg

60-70 70-80 80-90*
13% 31.5% 22%

2000*

297,000

90-2000*

17%

Kalkaska County, greatest % change from 70-80 at 100.3%;

Grand Traverse County, greatest absolute change at 15,724.

All counties increased at least 12%; entire Region increased

13.5% within ten years 70-80.

Unemplgyment Rate

 

1976-1980: 10.5%

Civilian Labor Force

 

% of population in the work force: .28-.52 of total

population; up 62%.

Per Capita Income

 

2/3 or 80% of that for the state.

State 8 9,381; Region = 7,425.

Labor Markets

 

Oriented to professionals, skilled and service workers. Most

job openings in this area.

*Projected populations.

When analyzing the birth and death rates within the
Region, the Census data shows that from 70-80 there were
26,959 births and 18,656 deaths and 41,870 migrants. The
increase in population for the birth/death ratio represents
only 21.9%, whereas the migration increase constitutes a
whopping 78.05%. There must be a reason or reasons for this
influx.

Herein lies the crux of the issue of the increase in
p0pulation. We have to understand the reasons why the migra-
tion rate is so high and what effects this rate will have on
the Region, if the rate will continue, etc. .

The 1970 and 1980 Census information is most helpful.
This data shows that the greatest change in the population
has been in the 20-59 year old age group. This is highly
significant because this group represents the prime labor
force. This could imply that there has been a great many job
Opportunities in the Region, but we must consider other fac-
tors before making any rash conclusions. The population data
also shows us that the 0-19 year old age group has declined
7.5% since the 1970 Census was taken, and that the 60 and
over age group has remained relatively the same, at about
17%, although actual numbers have increased. All of these
factors are important in determining why the population

increased like it did and what caused this increase.

10

Regional Economy

 

The economy of the Region has grown rapidly between
1970-1980. Manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors
seemed to have reversed roles. Many manufacturers have been
connected with the auto industry (33-23 percent) which has
been in a downswing. The non-manufacturing sector has
increased from 48-57 percent of the regional economy. This
has created an additional 16,500 jobs for the Region.
Although the jobs have increased, the salary/wages have not
increased nearly as greatly due to the fact that the pay is
lower and many of the jobs are seasonal and part-time.

Tourism is a major factor in the Region's economy but is
a component of the non-manufacturing and service sectors of
the economy. This could very well be the reason for such a

great increase in the labor force.

Eggional Growth Centers

The Traverse City urbanized area has been designated as
the Region's primary growth Center, due to its central loca—
tion, its diversified economic base and its economic
influence on all the other regional counties. Traverse City
is the largest city (urbanized area) within the Region and
is the focal point of regional growth. Other growth centers
include Cadillac, Manistee and Petoskey. These cities were
designated growth centers because of size (next largest),

strategic location and rapid growth rate.

11

Over the past twenty years, there are indications of
characteristics common to these growth centers. The most
important are:

' - Each has experienced a long term decline in its share
of the Region's population.

- Each has a share of business activity which exceeds

its share of the p0pulation.

A composite view of the growth center indicates that
regional growth areas service activities increased in the
centers but their share of business activity declined in
other sectors. It is also important to note that while a
large and increasing portion of firms provide services, such
firms generate only a small percentage of all sales and

payroll.

Potential Growth Areas

These cities include Frankfort, Kalkaska and Charlevoix.
These cities would be the next to consider for possible
growth areas. Looking at the past, we can see that these
areas of potential growth have some of the same similarities
as did the four major growth centers 20 to 30 years ago. In
each of these cities, the pOpulation has been fluctuating but
the surrounding areas continue to grow. There has been,
especially in the last 20 years, much development taking place
in these Potential Growth Centers; year round tourism, fossil
fuel exploration, possible shipping and extended water use

activities. Although these developments cannot be classified

12
TABLE 1

Growth Centers

 

Traverse City, Cadillac, Petoskey, Manistee

 

Population 1999 9999
Traverse City 66,500 78,000
Cadillac 11,000 11,450
Manistee 8,000 8,450
Petoskey 6,300 6,700

as basic, however, they can be the cause of growth, the
potential for basic industrial and manufacturing growth.
Also noted were things like road repairs and activity of area
financial institutions.

All of these factors have been taken into consideration

to come up with a forecast as probable as possible.

~d9.

 

 

 

FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION CHANGE

Births, deaths and migration are the three main factors
affecting population change. These factors can further be
explained as the natural increase, plus net migration.
Natural increase is simply births minus deaths. For the
pepulation of the state as a whole, births annually outnumber
deaths. Net migration is the difference between those
migrating in and those migrating out. Since 1960, each of
our counties has had a positive net migration: some locali-
ties in the Region have seen a net loss. To make reasonable
forecasts of population, the absolute amount of population
increase needs to be broken down into births, deaths and
migration so that natural increase and migrational increases
may be studied. That information also yields birth/death
rates per thousand, an important factor in making forecasts.

Besides the three primary factors above, there are many
important elements that affect population growth. In recent
years we have witnessed how energy, employment and interest
rates have played parts in changing trends set the previous

two decades.

Historical Trends

Past trends indicate that the Region has been growing
steadily since 1950. The increases for each decade since
1950 are: 7.7%, 13.8% and 31.5%. Those increases are signi-
ficant, since during that period the birth and death rates

declined. Therefore, increases as great and as steady are

13

14

primarily substantial due to in-migration. The growth trend
was evident throughout most of the state until 1970. During
the 1960's, the population of the state increased, but mainly
due to natural increase, not migration. The decade 1970-80
showed, for the state, a population growth due to natural
increase, while for our Region migration was the primary
basis of growth. During the 1960's, the state pOpulation
increased 13%, but during the 1970's it increased at only
4.2%. In comparison, the Region grew by 13.8% in the 1960's

and 31.5% in the 1970's.

Labor Force

 

The labor force of the Northwest Michigan Region is more
than half of the total population of the Region, standing in
1980 at more than 106,000 persons, a 62% increase over 1970
levels. It is defined as those persons aged 16 and older
who are working or actively seeking work. This statistic is
very important in that more than half of those who live here
are also working, or are able to work. Those who do not
work, for whatever reason, are supported without being as
great a burden on the work force than if it was comprised of
fewer persons. In size, the labor force represents a good
labor resource for incoming industry, and a more diverse

regional economy.

The Economy

 

Northwest Michigan grew and developed rapidly during the

1970's. That is especially significant in light of Michigan's

15

weakening economy. Businesses within the Region generated
jobs and income more readily than anywhere else in the state.
Although the 1980 regional unemployment rate was approxima-
tely 12.3%, it was still below the state average.

The generally good condition of the Region's economy,
relative to the state's, has attracted job seekers from out
of the Region. Others are lured here by the quality of life
the area offers; the small town life, clean air and lakes,
forests, rolling agricultural lands and hills. From 1970-80
the Region gained approximately 50,000 persons; the state was
losing 304,000. During the 1970's an additional 39,000 per-
sons entered our regional labor force. However, during that
same period, eight out of ten additional job seekers found
work.

The availability of energy has become a major consider-
ation when we think of leaving one area for another. A
peninsula state such as Michigan might have some problems
obtaining fuels on the fringes and areas lying outside of
established markets. In the upper region of Michigan, where
population and markets are dispersed, there are problems of
getting gasoline on secondary roads in the more remote areas.

This same incidence is true for prospective industry.
The Northwest Michigan Region is not a part of major trans-
portation routes for the Midwest and definitely not on a
national level. If a firm were to locate in this area,
transportation of the product is a major concern. Conver-

sely, if the location were to be in a city like Chicago or

16

Pittsburgh, transportation is not a great factor in cost
of production as it is in this area.

As basic jobs are the mainstay of a mobile economy,
industry is the key. The decision to locate in the Northwest
Michigan Region will have to be based on factors other than
tranSportation costs. Other things will have to be given
more weight in the decision, such as labor markets, availabi-
lity of resources, tax advantages, and also the amenities of
the area. This reason, like that for individuals, correlates

with prospective industries.

ége/Sex Profile

 

The age/sex distribution (the number of males and
females in any age grouping) can tell us a great deal about a
given area. The 1980 Census data shows the greatest change
in population occurred in the 20-59 age group, while those
under age 20 have declined slightly since 1970. The over-60
group's percentage figures declined relative to the great
increase in the 20-59 age group; actual numbers of persons
over age 59 have increased.

The age/sex pyramid shows that over 51% of the total
population is female. However, that is not true for each age
group. From the ages of 0-14, males predominate, while from
15-54, the composition is relatively equal, but from 55 and
above, females predominate (and at each additional year of

age, the share gets larger).

17

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
1970 - 1980

MALE FEMALE

 

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1.-.. _ j |

11.1. L I

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"J 1 1 I . 1 1 1 1 I

c s 4 3 2 1 o i i s i '5 c
‘ (percentages)

 

 

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souncs: u.s. census BUREAU

18

An analysis of the age/sex pyramid of an area's
pOpulation is very important when making decisions on meeting
the social and economic needs of Specific segments of the
population, including schools, hospitals, parks, employment
opportunites, etc. A look at the age/sex pyramid shows a
decline in the below 20 group; at the time of the next census
this group will be of marriage and reproductive age. As the
group will be small, the amount of their children will be
small. Their numbers into the work force will be small. If
this trend were to continue, a state of an inverse pyramid
would exist. As the birth rate declined, so did the death
rate, resulting in fewer persons under 30 and the majority of
the populatioanill be 30 and above. This indicates that
more than just a natural increase caused the Region to grow
as it has. It is this kind of information that links the
age/sex element to population forecasts. As an understanding
of the relationship of the age/sex characteristics and popu-
lation forecasts also leads to questions. What if? What if
there were only a natural increase to the Region, would it
continue to grow? By considering many variables, population

forecasts are made as accurately as possible.

19

TABLE 2
Population Male/Female Percentagg

 

1970
Male _§__ Female
0-4 6,994 4.4 6,476
5-9 8,483 5.3 7,980
10-14 9,050 5.7 8,476
15-19 7,641 4.8 7,658
20-24 4,120 2.6 4,844
25-29 4,284 2.7 4,658
30-34 4,049 2.5 3,090
35-44 8,046 5.0 8,632
45-54 7,954 5.0 9,201
55-59 4,004 2.5 4,328
60-64 3,871 2.4 4,029
65-74 5,432 3.4 5,867
75 & over 3,393 2.1 4,462
1980
Male _2_ Female
0-4 8,011 3.8 7,950
5-9 8,393 4.0 7,745
10-14 6,778 3.2 8,590
15-19 9,897 4.7 9,702
20-24 8,237 3.9 8,672
25-29 8,751 4.2 8,755
30-34 7,826 3.7 7,709
35-44 11,479 5.5 11,640
45-54 9,524 4.5 10,999
55-59 ‘ 4,775 2.2 5,624
60-64 4,611 2.2 5,329
65-74 7,400 3.5 8,759
75 & over 4,137 1.9 6,357

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CONCLUDING ANALYSIS

 

The major factors that affect future population changes
are births, deaths, migration, economic activity and, in this
Region, the continued natural attractiveness of the area.
During the 1970's in particular, in-migration of population
has been the dominant factor that has caused the Region's
population to increase. Natural increase accounted for only
16.3% of the Region's p0pulation increase, and migration
83.7%. Economic activity and preference for the area can be
reasons cited for this great migration to the area. While
the state's sluggish economy during the 1970's had a migra-
tory impact on the Region, the Region's unemployment rates
have been below those for the state. Of the additional per-
sons entering the Region's 1abor force during the 70's, eight
out of 10 found employment. The beauty of the area was and
will continue to be a major attraction. However, the jobs
that are available may not be as preferable as those else-
where, but history shows that people are willing to trade
dollars for a pleasant atmosphere.

The extent to which the availability of energy has a
direct impact on population change in an area may be dif-
ficult to prove. However, long term trends show that even
though the price of energy has consistently risen (in the
past two decades), so has the Region's population. Energy is
available and the people who come to the Region are
apparently not as concerned about it and are willing to pay
the price in exchange for other amenities.

20

FORECASTS

 

Based on our analysis of past and current trends, and
the conditions we believe will exist in the future, we are
forecasting the Region's population to grow 11% from 1980-85,

22% from 1980-90 and 17% from 1990-2000.

21

flTHODOLOGY

The principal method used in this study was to collect
and assemble from 0.8. Census Bureau files (1950-80) avail-
able information from Regional files and labor market data
available through the State of Michigan. The information
thus gained was supplemented where needed with data collected
from surveys performed in the Region and from other private
sources. (These included knowledge of population trends,
personal contacts with experts such as the state demographer,
etc.)

Additional data and information came by way of county
figures and economic analyses by county planning bodies.
This data included reports of expected population counts,
given specific criteria, pertaining to a given county.

Also, past regional records and population forecasts were
employed.

In dealing with p0pu1ation projections, it is important
to realize that the figures arrived at are, at best, calcu-
lated estimate. The general statistical rule is that these
projected figures have an error factor of plus or minus 15
percent. It has been found that for the Northwest Michigan
Region, this margin of error stands between plus or minus 7
to 10 percent. The level of accuracy for a smaller geo-
graphical area (i.e., county, region) is higher than that

of a state or nation.

22

References

 

Overall Economic Development Program, 1981-82. (Northwest
Michigan Regional Planning Commission)

Comprehensive Plan - Northwest Michigan Regional.

1974 Design Sketch Plan for the Northwest Regional Planning
and Development Commission.

1980 Census and Population.
MESC Files, 1981.

Growing With Northern Michigan, Volume 7, No. 1, various
articles.

23

APPENDIX

Factors That Were Considered When Doing Analysis

 

 

 

 

1. Continued growth despite economic conditions.
2. Wage earners willing to make tradeoffs.
3. Growth rates over the past 20 years.
4. Trends in birth/death rates.
5. Analysis of age groups.
6. Types of job opportunties.
7. Regional growth despite overall loss in state population.
8. Amenities of the area.
Population

1980 1985* 1990* 2000*
Antrim 16,194 17,975 19,756 23,114
Benzie 11,205 12,437 13,670 15,993
Charlevoix 19,907 22,096 24,286 28,414
Emmet 22,992 25,521 28,050 32,818
Grand Traverse 54,899 60,937 66,976 78,361
Kalkaska 10,952 12,156 13,361 15,632
Leelanau 14,007 15,547 17,088 19,992
Manistee 23,019 25,551 28,083 32,857
Missaukee 10,009 11,109 12,210 14,285
Wexford 25,102 27,863 30,624 35,479
Egggon 208,286 231,192 252,304 296,945
State 9,258,344
l“Projections

24

Potentially Good for Industrial Development
1. Good labor force

2. Natural resources
1. Limestone
2. Niagarian Dalamite
3. Brimes/sands
4. Oil, gas

3. Shipping and truck service

 

 

1980 Data
Births Deaths Net Miggation
26,739 18,656 41,870

Increase in population due to births/deaths, 16.1%;
migration, 83.9%.

Population Distribution

 

0-19 years, there has been a 7.5% decrease in this age group.
20-54 years, a 6.2% increase in this age group.

55 and older group has remained relatively the same at 17.5%.

Reasons for Rapid Growth

Birth, death, migration

Environment

Seasonal work

Resort area/tourism

Retirement area

People willing to trade environment for wages

Low crime rate ‘

Good schools/ low drop out rate

Big city services, culture; small town atmosphere
. Natural resources.

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COUNTY POPULATION

Antrim

( persons)

72,000_ reel
prejectlen ---—--

 

«poo...
43,000—
30,000—
24.000—

12,ooo_ /

0——

 

 

I I I (year)
1000 1070 1000 1000 2000

(persons) BeDZIe
72 000_ reel ——

pml'ctlen _____
60,ooo__
48,ooo_
36,ooo_
24.ooo_
./ flflflflflflflflflflflflflflflfl

12,000—

 

 

I I I (yeer
1000 1070 1000 10017 2000

SOURCE: U.8. CENSUS BUREAU

COUNTY POPULATION

Charlevoix

(pereone )

72,000__ reel -—-
prejectlon -—-- -
00.000.—
48.000—
30,000__
24,00 0__ ,,-—-"""T

12,ooo_ I/

 

 

 

l | l
1060 1910 1990 1990 zo|oo "u"

(persons) E m met

72,000_ rel I ——
prolectlon —---
00,000..
40,000—
30,000...

4 o --
2 ,oo __ ”1--

12,ooo_

 

 

I I I I I (year)
1000 1070 1000 1000 2000

SOURCE: U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

COUNTY POPULATION

(an...) Grand Traverse
”$00..

72,000“ , ,’

/ reel -——
00.000_ x’ . preject ion ——-—
40.000—
30.000—

24,000_.

12 000__

 

 

I | l | I (year)
1900 1910 1990 1990 2000

(person!) KalkaSKa

12,000_ real ——
pro]ection----
60,000___
40,000....
30,000 __
24,000___

12,000—

0*

 

 

1000 1070 1000 1000 2000

SOURCE: U.S. CENSUS NREAU

( persons)
12,000__

90,000—
49,000__.
30,000—
24,000...
12,000—

“#

(persons)
12,000—

00,000....
48,000—
36,000....
24,000..—
12,0 00—.

COUNTY POPULATION

 

 

 

 

 

Leelanau
reel ——
prejection ------
I I I (your)
1060 1910 1990 1990 2000
Manistee
I‘BBI ——
prejec tion -----
/ ”””
I I I I (your)
1990 1910 1990 1990 1000

SOURCE: U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

COUNTY POPULATION

Missaukee

( persons)
12,000_
90,000...
40,000—
36,000__

2&000_

12, 0 00....

 

/ ________

reel ——
prejectlol‘! -----

 

|
1990 1970 1990

(persons) WeXfO I'd

12,000__
90,000_ _
49.000_

30,000__

”
‘.
—’
, — /

12,000...

 

I I
1990 2000 (’°")

reel -—

prejecflon -----

'
’fi’
.’
'
’
’
'
a."

 

1000 1070 1000

SOURCE: U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

I I (year)
1090 2 000

x

PERCENTAGE INCREASE PER DECAD

E

STATE AND REGION

( percentages)

 

z
9
U
m
a:

31.5

22.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

35..

15

 

10

(years)

0 1000 - 2000

- 1000 1000

1070 - 1000

1000 - 1070

1050 - 1000

. prejetlons

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

SOURCE

r." ......

......

.....

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31293 02656 8984