DESIGN OF A COM CAMPUS
AT HWDEN LAKE.
LENAWEE COUNTY, MiG-”6AM

ThosisbrfhobmefMLA.
MiClflfiAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Martin Richard Van Valktnbum
1963

 

 

 

 

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EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN

 

 

 

MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY

M 11!, MC!“ NI

  

DESIGN OF A COLLEGE CAMPUS AT

HIDDEN LAKE, LENAWEE COUNTY, MICHIGAN

By

MARTIN RICHARD VAN VALKENBURG

A COMPREHENSIVE PROBLEM REPORT
Submitted to the School of Urban Planning and Landscape
Architecture of Michigan State University

in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of

MASTER IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

1963

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CONTENTS

ANALYSIS Page
I. INTRODUCTION '
1
Table I. Regional Location
Table II. Location in Relationship to
Other State Supported
Colleges and Universities
II. SITE ANALYSIS
A. General Location 3
B. Geology 3
C. Topography 3
D. Climate h
E. Soils and Water A
F. Vegetation S
G. Summary 6
Table III. Three County Location Showing
Pepulation and
Geographic Centers
Table IV. Graphic Analysis - Vegetation
Table V. Graphic Analysis - Topography -
Soils - Drainage
Table VI. Graphic Analysis - Climate —
Noise - Vistas
III. JUSTIFICATION
8
Table VII. Three County Service Area and
Surroundings
IV. ENROLLMENT
10
Table VIII. Projections of 18-21 Year-Olds in
the Three County Area for 1970
Table IX. Projection of College-Age Youth
in Michigan for 1970
Table X. College Enrollments and Projections
of College Enrollees for Michigan
(As Percentage of Collage Age)
Table XI. Proportion of College Age Enrolled
for the Three County Area
V. CURRICULUM 12
Table XII. Curriculum
VI. SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Table XIII. Calculation of Space Requirements
Table XIV. Non-Academic Space Requirements
NOTES 15

DESIGN CONCEPT

1.

II.

III.

IV.

VI.

VII.

BASIC ZONING TYPES

Table XV. Basic Zoning Types
ZONING OF THE SITE

Table XVI. Zoning of the Site
JUSTIFICATION

BUILDING SITES

A. Dormitories
B. Faculty Housing
C. Parking
D. Academic
1. General College
2. Arts, Speech and Music
3. Natural Science
A. Specialties Building
E. Library
F. Administration
G. Auditorium
H. Medical Center
I. Athletic Field House
J. Student Union
K. Chapel
L. Maintenance, Power Plant, etc.

MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
CHARACTER OF THE BUILDINGS
BUILDINGS

A. Dormitories

B. Faculty Housing

C. Parking '

D. General College

E. Arts, Speech, Music
F. Natural Science

G. Specialties Building
H. Library

I. Administration

J. Auditorium

K. Medical Center

L. Athletic Field House
M. Student Union

N. Chapel

0. Maintenance, Power Plant, etc.

Page

16

17

19
2O

2O
2O
2O
2O
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22

2h
25
26

26
26
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
29
29
29

VIII.

IX.

CIRCULATION

A. Vehicular
B. Pedestrian

MASTER PLAN

Table XVII.

ENGINEERING

I.

II.

III.

IV.

VI.
VII.
VIII.

IX.

X.

CALCULATION OF PROPERTY COORDINATES

Table XVIII. Conversion from Latitude and Longitude
to the Michigan Grid System
Table XIX. Calculation of Property Coordinate

Table XX. Supporting diagram
WATER SUPPLY

Table XXI.

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY

A Telephone
Table XXI I o

STEAM AND HEAT SUPPLY
Table XXIII.

FUEL SUPPLY

STORM WATER DISPOSAL
SEWAGE DISPOSAL

TRASH AND GARBAGE DISPOSAL
LAYOUT

Table XXIV. l-lO Road Calculations
Table XXV. Layout Sheet

GRADING

Table XXVI. Grading Sheet

Page

30

.30
31

32

33
33

35

36

37
38

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CONTENTS

ANALYSIS Page
I. INTRODUCTION 1
Table l. Regional Location
Table II. Location in Relationship to
Other State Supported
Colleges and Universities
ll. SITE ANALYSIS 3
A. General Location 3
B. Geology 3
C. Topography 3
D. Climate 4
E. Soils and Water 4
F. Vegetation 5
G. Summary 6
Table III. Three Count Location Show-
ing Popu ation and
Geographic Centers
Table IV. Graphic Analysis - Vegetation
Table V. Graphic Analysis - Topography -
Soils - Drainage
Table VI. Graphic Analysis - Climate -
Noise - Vistas
Ill. JUSTIFICATION 8
Table Vll. Three County Service Area and
Surroundings
IV. ENROLLMENT 10
Table VIII. Projections of l8-2l Year-Olds in
the Three County Area for I970
Table lX. Projection of College-Age Youth
in Michigan for 1970
Table X. College Enrollments and Projec-
tions of College Enrollees
for Michigan (As Percentage
of College Age)
Table XI. Proportion of College Age
Enrolled for the Three County
Area MlCHlGAN STATE UNE‘JERSlTY
SCHQchwlgt KJYQYLHHG
AND LA.3U:;.:;.¢.~.. A...::zi”itCTURE

FAsT IANSHVG.RNCFHGAN

L{[[[[t[[({.{ [Ill l[ll[([l|| [[[Illl‘llffqr

Page
V. CURRICULUM 12
Table XII. Curriculum
VI. SPACE REQUIREMENTS 13
Table XIII. Calculation of space
Requirements

Table XIV. Non-Academic Space
Requirements

NOTES 15

Introduction

This comprehensive problem is based on
the hypothesis that the property known as
Hidden Lake Gardens, endowed in 1945 by
Mr. Harry A. Fee along with the sum of
$6A6,6l2.31 to Michigan State University
has been turned over to the State of
Michigan for the express purpose of creating
and establishing a college campus to service
the area of Hillsdale, Jackson and Lenawee
Counties. As a Landscape Architect, I have
been commissioned by the State of Michigan
to develop a unique and functional design
for this college.

This problem is unique in the sense
that it affords the opportunity to correlate
the knowledge acquired in the undergraduate
program into one vast project, beginning with
the actual need and culminating in the final
design with specific details. In addition
to this, it affords the landscape architect
the opportunity to design for the functional
utilization of space for people as well as
the aesthetic qualities within the landscape
which would be lacking, generally, if done
by another profession.

It is understood that it would be a very
rare occasion that the State of Michigan would
accept a parcel of land with such a stipulation
as this, due to future encumbrances which it
would most probably generate. Ordinarily the
land would be turned over by transfer of deed
to the Department of Administration with the
Administrative Board accepting all further
control. At this point local interest groups
would pressure their legislative representative
to introduce a bill for the creation of a new
college. The bill would probably be tabled
for a short period while an appointed legisla-
tive committee studies the recommendations.
After the findings of this committee are
presented to the legislature, the bill will
either pass or fail to pass.

Assuming the bill has passed, the legisla-

ture will appoint a Board of Trustees, Regents
or Governors, depending upon the administrative

l

framework which has been set up, and the
controlling duties will be turned over to
the State Board of Education. The actual
construction of the college would be con-
trolled by the Building Division unless
otherwise stipulated by legislative action,
with financing coming from the original
endowment and from monies received through

legislative appropriation.

TABLE I:
’ REGIONAL LOCATION

 

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South ; .faié36”
Fort Wayne
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TABLE II:

SITE LOCATION IN RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER STATE

SUPPORTED COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

\II ichigan Tech

Northern

Michigan :::I

   
   

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Site Analysis

A.

General Location

The h07-acre Hidden Lake site is
located near the northern boundary of
Lenawee County in Franklin Township,

TSS, R3E, in the section known as Irish
Hills, two miles west of Tipton, Michigan,
north of and adjoining Michgan Highway 50
and directly west of and adjoining Nortley
Highway.

0f the #07 acres in Hidden Lake proper,
IZO acres lie between M-SO and Munger Road
to the north, while the remaining 287 acres
lie north of Munger Road. (See Table V.)

Geology

The soils of the site have developed
entirely from drift of the Late Wisconsin
(Cary) glaciation which occurred some
l2,000 to l3,000 years ago. The un-
weathered glacial material is a limy,
unconsolidated, heterogeneous mixture
of silt, clay, sand, gravel and fragments
of rock deposited as a moraine.

Topography

Approximately 50 percent of the land
is open, low and rolling, while the re-
mainder is heavily to sparsely wooded and
steeply sloped. There is a difference of
l28 feet from the “low point“ to the "high
point" on the property.

Nestled in the steep wooded slopes of
the 287 acre tract is Hidden Lake, the focal
point of the entire property. The Lake is
spring fed at its northern end and covers
5.7 acres. Approximately 700 feet south of
the lake is a small artificial pond which
covers .hZ acres, whose water level is
controlled by pumping, with an overflow into
the lake through a small drainage ditch.
(See Table VI.)

Climate

Lenawee County has a humid tem-
perature climate. It is in a latitude
of #20 north. The waters of the Great
Lakes have slight effect on the summer
temperatures. The temperatures are
fairly uniform and precipitation is
distributed uniformly throughout the
county.

The average temperature in winter
is 25.8OF., but winter temperaturesorange
from a high of 69°F. to a low of 26 below
zero. Periods in which temperatures are
continually below freezing normally last
less than two weeks. As a rule, the soil
is frozen to a depth of several inches
to one foot from one to three months each
year, depending on the soil type.

Temperaturesoin summeg range from
a maximum of 108 F. to 33 F. The average
frost-free season is IDS days, or from
May 5 to October l0.

Average annual precipitation is
33.93 inches and about half of this falls
during the growing season. There is an
average of Il0 days each year with 0.0l
to 0.25 inch of rain, and 30 days with
0.26 to l inch.

Soils

The soils in this area range from the
Fox Sandy Loams of 12-25 percent to several
low areas of Houghton Muck at 0-3 percent

slope.

The Fox soil of the Grey-Brown
Podzolic great soil group is moderately
coarse to coarse textured. In most places
they consist of a l-3 inch layer of humus
and leaf mold, 18-42 inches of Sandy Loam
with the substratum being porus sand and
gravel. These soils, being well drained
have a sub-soil which is enriched by clay
washed down from the overlying horizons.
These '8' Horizons are finer textured than
either the overlying or underlying horizons
of the profile. This soil is moderately

L1

low to low in moisture holding capacity
and fertility with shallow frost penetra-
tion. This gives the soil excellent
"buildable" qualities but may require
special erosion control where subsurface
"cuts" are made.

The Houghton soil is a bog (organic)
soil ranging to l4 feet in depth on the
site. The soil is very poorly drained
and holds water in the Spring. It is
composed of unidentifiable plant remains
and is a dark brown to black granular soil.
Approximately 5 percent of the site is
composed of this soil type.

Because of the composition of this soil
and the deep frost resulting from its high
water-holding capabilities, this soil should
be considered unbuildable for all practical

purposes.

As the climate varies little within the
county, there are few local soil differ-
ences due to differences in climate; how-
ever, the climate of this area has been
responsible for the formation of the soils.
The cool, humid climate has leached out
the easily soluable constituents from the
upper horizons of most of the soils and
therefore they have a slightly acid to
strongly acid surface soil.

The_water supply for the Hidden Lake
property will be by well, driven into the
unconsolidated drift. Wells in this area
are driven to depths ranging from 25 feet
to I50 feet. Water in the sandy and
gravelly drift is plentiful, with springs
and artesian wells located in this area.

Vegetation

The vegetation on the 287 acre tract
to the north of the property is comprised
mainly of two ecological associations.
0n the steep slopes and more rugged terrain
we find the Oak-Hickory Association, while
the lower rolling portion is comprised
mainly of the Northern Hardwood-Conifer

Association.

G.

The tract of land to the south of
Hunger Road contains primarily the
Abandoned Fields Association.

About 5 percent of the total land
belongs to the Bog Association.

This definite division in plant associ-
ations or types of plant materials is due
mainly to the subsurface drainage charac-
teristics of the corresponding soils and
the previous land use, if any. (See
Table IV.)

Summary

From this site analysis I find the
property of Hidden Lake contains a
variety of different characteristics, all
of which will have some effect upon the
final design.

Considering topography, the only limi-
tation to building would be on the very
steep slopes surrounding the lake. It is
not that these slopes are unbuildable, but
rather that there would have to be too
great a disturbance of the soil, in most
cases, for proper circulation, service and
parking.

Also from this data, I can assume that
the soils of the entire property, with the
exception of the Houghton Muck, will have
the load bearing qualities and correct
frost potential to support the building of
a structure.

The climate of the area will also have
an effect on the location of structures.
I believe those areas of the site with a
South-East, South or South-West exposure
to be best, in order to utilize the sun's
light and heat during the winter months.

Still another factor is the vegetation.
I feel it important to disturb as little
as possible of the heavily wooded slopes,
as this is one of the things which make
this site unique.. Instead, I would try to
utilize the more open and sparsely wooded
areas for my buildings, circulation and
parking, thus safeguarding the natural
beauty of the site.

6

Due to the character of the topography
and vegetation, the wind should not be
considered as a primary factor in the
building layout. However, the fact that
snow drifting will occur on North-South
circulation routes and East-facing slopes
must be taken into consideration.

The water supply on the site should be
no problem, except that the cost would be
greater in the higher areas as the wells
would probably have to be drilled deeper.

The lake is, and I feel should remain,
the focal point, or point of reference with-
in the site.

Views within the site are excellent,
but views off the site, over the surrounding
farmland,are good also and should not be
Ignored.

TABLE III:

POPULATION AND GEOGRAPHIC CENTERS

OF THE THREE COUNTY AREA:
HILLSDALE, JACKSON, LENAWEE

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source: J. F. Thaden and Burton Brackney, Institute for
Community Development and Services, Continuing
Education Service, Michigan State University
JACKSON COUNTY
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LENAWEE COUNTY

POPULATION CENTER OF THREE COUNTY AREA

GEOGRAPHIC CENTER OF THREE COUNTY AREA

POPULATION CENTER OF COUNTY
GEOGRAPHIC CENTER OF COUNTY

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Justification

Under the hypothesis that the State of
Michigan has accepted this Hidden Lake property
from Michigan State University for the express
purpose of creating a h-year, degree-granting
college, the need arises for a justification
of such an action by the State.

The first fact is that neither Hillsdale
nor Lenawee County has a public institution
of learning nor does it seem practical in
terms of finance and population for them to
establish their own. Jackson County has, at
present, a 2-year community college but it
is not degree granting and therefore all
advanced study must be done elsewhere. This
fact is emphasized to an even greater degree
when it is pointed out that the majority of
college-age students in a h-year program, from
each of these three counties, attend Michigan
State University.

Therefore the burden of educating these
people falls squarely on existing state
institutions and private colleges. Because
of the great increase each year in our state
population, and in the percentage of college-
age youth attending, (See IV. Enrollment), the
existing facilities have become overburdened
and in some cases expansion is physically
impossible. Because of this, tighter admis-
sion restrictions are continually being
enforced with a greater number of students
being turned away.

This process is in direct opposition to
the keen concern on the part of the American
public in the past, that higher education
should not be restricted by social and eco-
nomic levels of the individual seeking such
education. This concern for the provision
of educational opportunity to the largest
possible proportions of our population is
stimulated by our response to our own social
needs, and has been particularly manifest
within the past century in the tremendous
growth of our colleges and universities.
How, then, can we not neglect this public
concern? -

Another fact is that the need in
the three county area has been realized
by the people of these counties and
already an Executive Advisory Board has
been set up by the County Boards of
Education to study such needs.

Their study results indicate that
the number of college youths in the
three county area will go from h,037
in 1960 to an expected 5,770 by 1970.

It is also pointed out in their
study that the combination of Jackson,
Hillsdale, and Lenawee Counties as a
service area for education is not
unreasonable. Three surrounding
counties, Branch, Monroe and Washtenaw,
have proposed community colleges. Two
other counties, Calhoun and lngham,
have existing community colleges.
lngham and Washtenaw have large state
supported universities. Of these two,
Michigan State University in lngham
County led all state supported colleges
by drawing the most students from
30 Michigan counties. Central Michigan
University in Mount Pleasant followed
with 18. The other, the University of
Michigan in Washtenaw County, was sixth
in the standings with only 3 counties.2
This shows that Michigan State is carrying
the State's educational burden while the
University of Michigan draws heavily from
out-of-state.

There is then a definite need for
additional state supported schools to
relieve this burden of educating our
Michigan students. To this end, a
new State college is being created in
Ottawa county on the Western side of
the state and preliminary investigations
have been carried out for another state
college in the Bay County area to the East.

\0

ll! [Ill ill [I ll [Ill {ll ’llllll

TABLE VII:

THREE COUNTY SERVICE AREA
AND SURROUNDINGS

 

 

EATON INGHAM LIVINGSTON

.Lanslas

.*_______ Communit ;_
Eoilege

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

__. fi__Jf_.
CALHOUN JACKSON WASHTENAW
Kellogg g§c_sog_§ommunity_ Proposed New
Community nglege Community
College i, College
‘ —L—
BRANCH HILLSDALE LENAWEE i_“ MONROE
Proposed C! Progosed
New Community New Community
College College

 

 

 

 

 

 

7 1

JACKSON-HILLSDALE-LENAWEE
COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT

 

 

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In Table X are given data summarizing
college-age and college engollment figures
for the State of Michigan. The actual
figures for the years l9AO, 1950, 1955 and
1957 indicate a definite increase in the
percentage of college-age youth in Michigan
who attend higher educational institutions.
The most recent computation, for 1957, would
indicate that college enrollments are almost
#0 percent of the college age youth of
Mic igan. So, not only are college enroll-
ments increasing numerically, but there has
been a definite increase in the percentage
of college age youth attending colleges and
universities in the State of Michigan.

With these figures for the number of
18-21 year olds in the three county area
(Table Vlll) and using the 1957 percentage
of college age in college (Table X) as a
base for our "low” along with the rojected
percent of #5.0 for 1970* (Table X as our
"high," we can calculate-the number of
college-age youth in the three county area
who will be enrolled in college in 1970.
Table Xl.

These figures show a possible increase
over the 1960 enrollment for the three county
area to be approximately 3500 to 3900 stu-
dents. With the addition of those students
from outside the three county area and from
out of state who might attend if such a
facility were provided, it seems reasonable
to plan for an enrollment of 5,000 students

in 1970.

*
-Based on a very conservative gain of .5

percent per year. See Table XI.

ll

TABLE VIII:

PROJECTIONS OF 18-21 YEAR OLDS IN THE THREE
COUNTY AREA FOR 1970

 

Constant Survival
Percent Rates
1960 [970 [970
Michigan 7,823,194(2) 9,600,000(2) 9,600,000(2)
Number of 18-21 Year
Olds in Michigan 376,699(h) 624,995(l) 595,222(l)
Percent of State
Population 4.81 6.51 6.20
Three County Population 24h,525(2) 291,513* 291,513*
Number of 18-21 Year Olds '
in Three County Area 11,762 18,977 18,074

 

Totals taken from an average of three figures calculated by
natural increase-migration method; ratio trends and rate of
growth trends (2) pp. 41-h7.

TA_BI;E IX:

PROJECTION OF COLLEGE-AGE YOUTH IN MICHIGAN FOR 1970

Number of 18-21 Year

 

 

Age Number in 1952 Olds in 1970
4 152,337 150,032
3 151,546 149,274
2 149,867 148,049
1 154,493 147,867
Total: 608,243 595,222

 

PROJECTION OF COLLEGE AGE YOUTH IN MICHIGAN FOR [975

Number of 18-21 Year

 

 

Age Number in 1957 Olds in 1975
4 178,612 175,678
3 183,609 175,979
2 186,508 183,564
1 182,037 174,038
Total: 730,766 709,259

 

TABLE X:

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TABLE XI:

PROPORTION OF COLLEGE AGE ENROLLED
FOR THREE COUNTY AREA

 

1960 1970(1) 1970(2)

College Age
in Michigan 376.699 376.699 624.995 624,995 595.222 595.222

College Age

in Three
Counties

Percent of

11,762 11,762 18.977 18.977 18,074 18,074

College Age
in College 39.4 40.9 39.4 45.0 39.4 45.0

College Age
Enrolled for

Three County

Area

4,634 4,811 7,477 8,540 7,121 8,133

 

(1)

(2)

The higher of two college estimates

This is a realistic estimate, when according to the
Elmo Roper Survey of the Ford Foundation a possible

69 percent would go to college. This figure was
reached by interviewing 5,000 households in the United
States containing some 6,295 children under 18 years

of age. Of this total, 29 percent stated the would
definitely go to college while an additional percent
were probabilities.

The lower of two college estimates

Curriculum

In any normal situation, the curriculum
for such an institution and the actual space
required for teaching this curriculum would
be worked out jointly by the board of directors
of the new college and the architect. In any
case, before the design process can be inaugu-
rated these two studies must be completed.

The goal which I have set for Hidden Lake
College is that it be a 4-year, degree granting
institution.

Because the needs of the area and the
state should be reflected in the curriculum,
the conclusion was reached that this should be
a sound and meaningful liberal arts or general
education program. This conclusion is based
on the fact that our large state universities
already have specialized courses in agriculture,
veterinary medicine, horticulture, engineering,
law, architecture, physics, medicine, etc.
Duplicating these specialties in a new college
also means duplicating costly equipment and
facilities, plus acquiring a faculty who has
the special training to teach these courses.

To develop the proposed curriculum,
assistance was received from flr. John X.
Jamrich, Assistant Dean of Administrative
Services at Michigan State University.

In order to set up the curriculum, a
small liberal arts college, Calvin College in
Grand Rapids, Michigan, was used as a base.
Their curriculum with the exception of three
small changes has been used for this purpose.

The changes in the Calvin curriculum came
mainly in language courses where Spanish was
substituted for Dutch,and Russian substituted
for Greek. Because Calvin in a church related
college, much emphasis was placed on courses in
religion. The majority of these credits in
Religion were distributed between Home Economics,
which was not offered in the Calvin curriculum,
and Geography, which seemed to be lacking in
comparison to the other subjects.

12

TABLE XII:

CURRICULUM AND SUBJECTS

Art for Elementary Teachers
Handicraft

Penmanship

Art History

Reli ion
Old Testament

General Church History
American Church History
New Testament
Biology
Personal Hygiene
Human Anatomy and Physiology
Principles of Microbiology
General Biology
Invertebrate Zoology
General Botany
Genetics ,
Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates
Teaching Biology
Natural History
Introduction to Embryology
Nutrition
Microscopic Technique
Biological Problems
Chemistry
Chemistry for Nurses
General Chemistry
Qualitative Analysis
Quantitative Analysis
Organic Chemistry
Organo-Biochemistry
Qualitative Organic Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Chemistry Research
Pharmacology for Nurses
Spanish
Elementary Spanish
Intermediate Spanish
Advanced Spanish
Economics
Principles of Economics
Money and Banking
Essentials of Accounting
Business Law: Contracts
Economic History (U.S.)

TABLEE XII - 2

Economics, cont.

Financial Principles

Labor Problems and Trade Unionism
Cost Accounting

Principles of Marketing

Education

———

History of American Education

Childrens' Literature

Principles of Education

School Administration

Principles of Teaching in Secondary Schools
Principles of Teaching in Elementary Schools
Principles of Teaching Kindergarten - Primary Grades
Teaching Reading in Elementary Schools
Directed Teaching (Elementar )

Directed Teaching (Secondary;

Teaching Arithmetic in Elementary Schools
Teaching Geography in Elementary Schools
Teaching History in Elementary Schools

Engineering

PMechanTCal Drawing

Engineering Materials and Processes
Surveying

Statics

Mechanism and Sketching

Strength and Elasticity of Materials

Dynamics

English

Freshman English

Remedial English

American Literature

English Literature |

English Literature 11

Literature of Romantic Period
Contemporary English Poetry
Literature of the Elizabethan Period
The English Novel

Methods of Teaching English

Poetry of the Victorian Period
Contemporary Fiction

Advanced Composition

Literature of the Eighteenth Century

French

Elementary French

Intermediate French

Literature of the Nineteenth Century
Contemporary French Literature

German

Elementary German
Intermediate German
Romanticism

Realism

TABLE XII - 3

Geography
Geography of World Trade
World Regional Geography
Geography of North America
Geography of the Caribbean Area
Geography of South America
Physical Geography - Climate and Biotic Resources
Economic Geography
Russian
Elementary Russian
Second Year Russian
Scientific Russian
Introduction to Russian Literature
Advanced Composition and Conversation
Russian Phonetics
History
Growth of Western Civilization
English History to 1600
Modern and Contemporary European History
American History of Elementary Teachers
American History
Latin American History
Medieval History
Greek History
English History 1600 - 1950
Roman History
Home Economics
Food Preparation
Meal Management
Home Management
Family Finance
Child Study
Design in Clothing
Principles of Clothing Construction
Textiles
Housing and Home Furnishings
Clothing for the Family
Latin
Elementary Latin
Intermediate Latin
Cicero's Philosophical Essays
Selections from Lactantius
Readings in Latin Prose and Poetry
Readings in the Church Fathers
Mathematics
Advanced Algebra
Plane Trigonometry
College Algebra and Plane and Analytical Geometry
Business Mathematics
Calculus
Differential Equations
Statistics
Teor of Equations
Teac ers Course

TABLE Xll - b.

Music

Theory and Harmony

Theory and Harmony Advanced

Introduction to Music Literature

Church Music

Elements of Music (Education)

History of Music

Form

Symphonic Literature

Arranging

Junior High School Music

Teaching of Instrumental Music

Elementary School Music

Senior High School Music
Philosophy

Logic

Perspectives of Philosophy

History of Philosophy: Ancient

History of Philosophy: Medieval

Philosophy of Science

Aesthetics

Kant

History of Philosophy: Modern

Ethics

The Philosophy of Thomas Aquinas
Physical Education .

Community Recreation

Coaching of Basketball

Individual Sports for Women

Teaching Physical Education in Elementary Schools

History and Principles of Physical Education

Coaching of Spring Sports
Physical Science

Introduction to Physical Science I

Introduction to Physical Science 11
Physics

General Physics 1

General Physics II
Poliijcal Science

Government of Modern States

American National Government
Psychology

General Psychology

Educational Psychology

Mental Hygiene

Social Psychology

Psychology of Abnormal People

Theories of Learning

Child Psychology

Advanced General Psychology

TABLE XII - 5

Sociology
PFTnciples of Sociology
Social Problems
The Fields of Social Work
Criminology and Delinquency
Social Anthropology
Proseminar on Sociological Research
Methods of Teaching Social Problems
Rural and Urban Community
The Family
Introduction to Social Work
History of Sociology

Speech
Fundamentals of Speech 1
Fundamentals of Speech 11
Parliamentary Prodedure
Principles of Speech Correction
Principles of Dramatic Productions
Advanced Speech
Interpretive Reading
Advanced Interpretation
Diction for the Foreign Student
Ancient Orators and Theories of Speech
Advanced Speech Composition
Introduction to Speech Based on Great Books
Thespians Productions

VI.

Space Requirements

From interviews with Dr. Jamrich, a
formula was derived to calculate the area
in square feet for any subject in the
curriculum. The formula states: Department
area in square feet ' Number of student
credit hours x Number of square feet per
student station FiAverage number or hours
each student station is used per week.
The key to this formula is the determination
of the number of "student credit hours" for
each department, for a college of 5000.
StUdentSo

By taking the average total "student
credit hours” for two semesters and the
average enrollment for those same two
semesters, a direct proportion could be
set up on the basis of an enrollment of
5000 students to determine the total number
of l"student credit hours" required for the
Hidden Lake curriculum.

To find how many "student credit hours"
were needed for each department based on the
calculated total, percentages were used.

First, each of the two semesters'
”student credit hours" from the Calvin
curriculum were totaled and each department
calculated as to percent of that total.

From these two figures an average percent

of total ”student credit hours” was calcu-
lated. Those departments having labs were
further divided so that an average percent
was calculated for both laboratory and
lecture. These percentage figures were then
multiplied by the total of “student credit
hours” needed for a college.of 5000 and the
number of ”student credit hours” per depart-
ment was derived. .

The second item in the formula is the
“square feet per student station." This
number will vary due to the type of lecture
or lab Space to be provided with adjustments
being made for Space requirements of instruc-
tional material. Figures for each type of
space requirement were derived from conversa-
tions with Dr. John X. Jamrich, Assistant
Dean of Administrative Services; Dr. Harold
L. Dahnke, Director of Space Utilization at

13

Michigan State University; Messrs. Danielson
and Rider, State of Michigan, Department of
Administration, Building Division; Mr. Robert
Trojanck, Michigan State University, Physical
Plant Planning; and Mr. Robert Siefert,
Michigan State University, Assistant Univer-
sity Architect.

The divisor in the formula, or "average
number of hours each student station is to
be used per week" is based on a maximum of
44 hours per week. This means that each
student station (seat, desk, bench, etc.)
would be occupied every hour of a five-day
week plus four hours on Saturday morning.
The figure used here in the case of Hidden
Lake is 25 hours. This means that each
student station will be in use five of the
eight hours for the five-day week with no
Saturday classes (or any other combination
totaling 25 hours.) This figure was chosen
because it would provide a little more than
half-use for each student station. In addi-
tion, it would not create any extravagant
amounts of original area needed and it
afforded, theoretically, the opportunity to
expand with future enrollments about
43 percent, to maximum, without new construc+~
tion. This figure and the reasoning behind
it was substantiated by Dr. Jamrich.

Using these figures, the net square
footage of instructional area needed for
each department at Hidden Lake was calcula-
ted. (Table XIII)

To determine the gross area for each
department, according to the figures supplied
by Dr. Jamrich, an additional 100 percent
must be added for library, faculty office,
restrooms, utility, research and storage
space. At this point our calculated area
is still only 60 percent of the total space
needed due to circulation, i.e. stairs,
halls, lobbys, etc.

Space requirements for non-academic
buildings such as athletic buildings, medi-
cal center, auditorium, library, union,
chapel, administrative buildings, mainten-
ance buildings, dormitories and married
housing are not standardized and gross area
is determined by actual needs in each of
these facilities. 14

 

 

Total Average S.C.H.I _ Net Total.
. wggg- Ecrccnt Both Percent for 5000 Sq.'/$tu. NGt Square Feet Gross
Cur71001m1 C-LniiV I. -. v. ,; T.;.* 0: -~_, ;.:,.g of fetal Percents of Total X 76,341 Students Statfon 1'25= Square Feet Doubled +40% Area

 

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TABLE XIV:

NON-ACADEMIC SPACE REQUIREMENTS
(Gross Area in Square Fegt
for Enrollment of 5,000 )

Athletic Building

Medical Center (300 sq. ft. per bed X 50)
Auditorium (10 sq. ft. per seat X 3,000)
Library (20 sq. ft. per student X 5,000)
Union

Chapel (10 sq. ft. per seat X 200)
Administrative Complex

Maintenance and Power Plant

Faculty Housing (656 sq.ft. per apt. X 200)
Dormitories (300 sq. ft. per student X 3,000)
Parking (300 sq. ft. per car X 2800)**

** 40% x 3,000 = 1200

Faculty
Housing 200
70% X 2,000 = 1400

2800

* Audio-Visua1--Limited space.for central
dispersion of equipment is
located in the basement of
the library.

SQ.FT.
60,000

15,000
30,000
10,000
30,000
2,000
14,000
38,900
131,200
900,000
840,000

NOTES

 

IMichigan State University Alumni Magazine,
Department of InfOrmation Services, October 1962,
p.10

2|bid

3Russell, John Dale, Staff Study #2 (Follow-
ing Reports of the Survey of Higher Education in
Michigan, J. F. Thaden, 1958), p.12

“Jamrich, John X., A New College, A Report to
the Legislative and Citizens Committees on the
Eight County Study of Higher Education Needs,
Michigan State University, December 1959. p.42.

5Thaden, J. F., figpulation of Mighigan Counties
Projections to 1970, Tech. Bulletin B-24, Institute
of Community Development, Continuing Education
Service, Kellogg Center, M.S.U., March 1962, pp.32-
33,11‘0‘I'I'7.

6Jamrich, John X., A New College, A Report to
the Legislative and Citizens Committees on the
Eight County Study of Higher Education Needs,
Michigan State University, December 1959, p. 51.

15

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_.l_

 

DESIGN

The Master Plan for Hidden Lake
College is based on an ultimate enrollment
of 5,000 students. Actual design and
construction is based on the first phase,
an enrollment of 2,500 students.

This affects only the number of
living units required and the supporting

service roads and parking facilities.

MlCHIGAN STATE UNIVERSlTY
SCHOOL<N4UKSAN rumuwNG
AND LANDSCAHE A4CkhlECTURE

EAST LANsHuG.hnc+HGAN

CONTENTS

DESIGN CONCEPT

III.
IV.

V.
VI.

BASIC ZONING TYPES

Table XV. Basic Zoning Types

ZONING OF THE SITE

Table XVI. Zoning of the Site

JUSTIFICATION

BUILDING SITES

A.

B
C.
D

Im'nrn

K.
L.

Dormitories

Faculty Housing

Parking

Academic

I. General College

2. Arts, Speech and Music
3. Natural Science

4. Specialties Building
Library

Administration
Auditorium

Medical Center

Athletic Field House
Student Union

Chapel

Maintenance, Power Plant, etc.

MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION

CHARACTER OF THE BUILDINGS

Page

16

l7

I9
20
20
20
20
20
2]
2]
2]
2|
ZI
2l
2i
22
22
22
22
22
24
25

VII.

VIII.

IX.

BUILDINGS

Im'nrnontnp
0

J
K
L
M
N.
O
C
A
B

Dormitories

Faculty Housing
Parking

General College
Arts, Speech, Music
Natural Science
Specialties Building
Library
Administration
Auditorium

Medical Center
Athletic field House
Student Union
Chapel I

Maintenance, Power Plant, etc.

IRCULATION

Vehicular

Pedestrian

MASTER PLAN

Table XVII.

Page
26

26
26
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
29
29
29
30
30
3|

DESIGN CONCEPT

Basic Zoning Types

The zoning types for consideration in
application to the Hidden Lake College site
are as follows:

Radial Zone: This zoning type is circular
inibrm with the core usually consisting of the
administrative complex and/or the library. The
non-academic and academic zones radiate out-.
ward from this hub with those facilities which
can be classified as neither academic nor
non-academic in transition zones between these
wedges. Those facilities which might be
considered as transitional in character are:
Auditorium, administration, maintenance,
medical facilities, parking and athletic
facilities such as a field house, intermural
building, etc. Future expansion in this
situation is orientated outward from the
core. (See Table XV, Figure I.)

Linear Zone: This pattern is generally
considered best on flat or nearly flat sites.
It is a "through-site" pattern with the bands
varying in width according to the designated
use. Future expansion is outward from the
center along the band in both directions.
(See Table XV, Figure 2.)

Nucleated Zone: This pattern is one
which works well on very large sites. Here
the total university is broken down into
smaller units, each one becoming an individual
entity. This division can be accomplished by
separation of the individual colleges such
as Business, Social Science, Natural Science,
etc., or, by using a broader division such as
professional schools, residential schools,
research centers, conference centers, etc.
Growth in each case would be outward from
each groupin into the surrounding natural
landscape. See Table XV, Figure 3.)

l6

TABLE 3!:

BASIC ZONING TYPES

é

Academic

Figure l - Radial Zone

   
    

   

 

W

Transitional

<7

Transitional

 
 

1. Administration

Non-Academic 2, Library
4;;; Growth
Direction

Figure 2 - Linear Zone

 

 

Non-Academic

 

Transitional

 

Academic

 

éééé
<79“???

Non-Academic,

 

Figure 3 - Nucleated Zone

 

 

(:1 la [:> <1 Medicine I:>
V G V

A _ <3 Business D A
Liberal {C} 5°C‘a‘

<3 Arts [:> <3 Science I:>

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Zoning of the Site

Because of the limitations of the Hidden
Lake site due to shape and topography, where
steep slopes dictate circulation routes, a
purely geometric zoning of the campus is
nearly impossible as well as highly impracti-
cal in terms of design. Therefore, a config-
uration of one or more of the patterns would
seem to be more applicable.

In the situation of Hidden Lake College
I have used a linear pattern set on a radial
framework configured to the existing topography.
With this pattern, major buildable areas can
be designated a land use with natural features
of the terrain acting as boundaries. This
land use pattern is set up with the transition
zone falling between the academic and non-
academic zones.

One limitation to this pattern is in
future expansion. Several ways to compensate
for this limitation would be: to design for
a fixed enrollment, the construction of
additional stories on existing buildings, or
the utilization of marginal or natural unzoned

land.

In this problem I have fixed an ultimate
enrollment of 5,000 students and have enough
buildable land within each zone to double
this figure if the need should ever arise.

0n the Hidden Lake site I have zoned the
majority of that land between M-SO and the county
road as non-academic. As the greater percentage
of all unbuildable land is located here, | feel
I can utilize this area for recreational use.
This non-academic area would also serve as the
location of my dormitory complex. By locating
here, easy access is established from my major
circulation routes to these dormitories.

The zone of transition is located north
of and adjacent to the county road, again giving
easy access to the major circulation routes for
the commuter parking,athletic and cultural
events.

Faculty housing is located along the east
boundary of the property, north of the county
road, utilizing topography and vegetation as a
natural buffer from the intensive use areas.

l7

The academic zone is located in the north-
west section of that property north of the
county road as the land lends itself better
to buildings of smaller floor areas. I feel
this zone which is natural and quiet, being
away from major circulation routes, is the
best for furnishing the required learning
atmosphere. (See Table XVI.)

1*

 

 

2>
/
/

   

 

 

 

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Justification

I have used the county road as the major
division line between the academic and tran-
sitional and non-academic zones. This was
done because a number of factors dictated
this division.

First, the general character of the site
differs greatly from north of the county road
to south of the county road. Where the topog-
raphy is steeply sloped to the north, it is
gently sloped to flat to the south. Where
there is a concentration of vegetation of the
oak-hickory association to the north, the
vegetation to the south is of the open-field
and bog association.

Second, views from M-SO terminate at the
county road because of the aforementioned
physical characteristics, thus this line
becomes a visual barrier.

Third, the county road is a thru,
secondary, east-west circulation route and
therefore is a physical division.

Fourth, there is more natural buildable
land south of the county road which lends
itself better to buildings of large floor
areas, namely dormitories, than there is to
the north. The actual need for housing is
900,000 square feet as opposed to 202,000
square feet for the academic facilities, or
nearly five times as much area.

l9

IV.

Building Sites

A.

C.

Dormitories

The dormitory complex will be located
on the gently rolling slopes to the west
of non-academic area. By using the side-
slopes for my building sites I can integrate
the buildings into the land and orientate
them outwardly toward common open spaces.
Service to these dormitories will be from
the higher side of all buildings, connected
by a common drive to the county road.

Faculty Housing

As previously mentioned, this housing
is along the east boundary of the property,
north of the county road. Here, small
units will utilize both steep slope and
crests to form the faculty village.

Access to these apartments is from a
"private” road of low traffic volume.

Parking ’

The major area of parking is located
off the county road at the western edge
of the property. In this manner peak
traffic in the morning and evening and
at special events can be parked immediately
upon entering the campus and thus reducing
congestion on campus roads. Whereas
dormitory storage parking is located in one
place adjacent to the dormitories, the
commuter parking is separated so as to
utilize the night use of these structures
for the aforementioned special events.
The one area of commuter parking which is
apart from this main parking group is
located on the entrance road just north
of the county road and services the student
union and field house.

Academic

The academic complex of four buildings
is located along both sides of a deep oval
ravine giving unity to the complex, again
utilizing the side slopes of this ravine
to better integrate the buildings into this
rugged site. Buildings are orientated
inwardly toward the ravine with periferal

service. 20

E.

I. General College

The building site is located to
the south of the ravine and the nearest
of all buildings in the complex to the
dormitory area and the commuter parking.
This location was selected because of
the heavy use-load this building will
take, as it houses the classrooms for
the basic college.

2. Arts, Speech and Music

This building site is also
located along the south rim of the
ravine, as many of the functions in
which these classes participate will
take place in the auditorium.

3. Natural Science

This site is located on the north
rim of the ravine with easy access to
natural wooded areas for outdoor study.

h. Specialties Building

This building, housing Education,
Engineering and Home Economics, is
located on the north rim of the ravine
in close proximity to both the General
College and the library.

M

The site of the library is at the
most eastern end of and terminates the
academic ravine. This site is at the top
of a constant slope up from the lake,
giving exceptional views. Service is from
the main entrance road.

Administration

As the administration and the
academic are closely related, the site for
administration is incorporated within the
academic ravine complex and is easily
reached from either direction on the main
entrance road.

Auditorium

The auditorium site is located
between the academic and dormitory area

2]

K.

because of its dual use nature in
serving both classroom and cultural
events. It is accessible and serviced
from the county road with one commuter
parking structure servicing that need.

Medical Center

This site is located between the
academic and dormitory area again because
of its dual use nature. Service and
access is from the county road.

Athletic Field House

This site is located on the main
entrance road just north of the county
road. The site is within easy walking
distance from the academic area for
physical education classes and is located
adjacent to the unbuildable flat land
which will be utilized for recreational
purposes. Service is from the county
road.

Student Union

The site for the student union is
on the edge of Hidden Lake giving excep-
tional views to the students in their
leisure hours. It is located near the
library and within easy walking distance
to the dormitories, yet because of its
placement related to the other sites, no
interference due to lively activity is
anticipated. Access and service is from
the main entrance road.

Chapel

The site for the chapel is a small
triangular promontory on the east side of
the lake within the quiet, natural zoned
area. This point is a focal point for
several vistas from the adjacent hills.
Access to the chapel would be by a foot-
path-road combination which would be open
to vehicular traffic only on Special
occasions such as weddings.

Maintenance and Power Plant

Although a site to the east of the
property seemed to be in order here due to

22

prevailing winds, the ease, efficiency

and cost of transporting the various
utilities to the building complexes

of the campus dictated its position in

a central location on the western edge

of the property. Because of the techno-
logical advances made in modern power
plant systems, I anticipate no problems due
to noise, smell, smoke or steam. As there
are no rail lines within miles of the
college site, trucking or piping in of
fuel will be required. Access is off the
county road.

23

Materials of Construction

The basic building materials to be used in
the construction of the physical plant will be
steel, concrete, brick and glass.

The steel will be used primarily for
structural support and reinforcing while the
concrete, brick and glass will be used as
components of the facade. I hope through the
use of these materials to achieve a naturalistic
yet modern structure type.

concrete was chosen as one of the materials
because of the abundance of sand and gravel in
this area. The use of brick was dictated, as
opposed to natural stone, because one of the
largest manufacturers of buff clay brick in the
midwest is located in central Ohio.

The use of wood as a structural member or
as siding has been eliminated due to its high
maintenance cost and limited structural capabilF
ties in multi-storied structures.

By carrying the same materials and design
details into all of the structures, a sense of
unity is achieved; a coherence which is greatly
needed on this site due to the topographical
situation.

24

VI.

Character of the Buildings

All buildings will be constructed on
appropriate modular units with emphasis on
the horizontal line to visually reduce the
height of the structures--blending them into
the site rather than having them contrasting
in character.

This emphasis of the horizontal can be
done by the use of deep roof overhangs, heavy
sills and copings and horizontal bands of
materials.

The roof structures of all buildings,
except for faculty housing, will be hip with
jerkinhead with a uniform two and one-half
foot overhang. The faculty housing will have
flat roofs with the same overhang due to their
”stacked'l arrangement.

The first floor and exposed lower floors
of all large buildings will be constructed
predominantly of glass to give an airy,
transparent sensation. This will help reduce
the bulk of the buildings visually.

25

VII.

Buildings

A.

Dormitories

Because of the great amount of floor
space needed for dormitories and the fact
that the area for building is somewhat
limited if the site is to be kept as
natural as possible, I am recommending
that these structures be five stories in
height. This will keep the structures
within tree height so as not to detract
from the site as well as concentrate the
student population in close proximity to
the academic core. By going to five
stories I can also cut the initial building
costs per student as well as the cost of
utilities.

The form of the buildings will vary from
a spread ”V” to a spread “U“ shape to follow
the existing contours and create definite

spaces.

Vertical circulation within the build-
ing will be by elevator and stairs.

Lower floors will be exposed on the low
side only. Space opposite this can be used
for kitchens, storage, laundry, maintenance,
heating and circulation.

Only one-half (3) of these structures
will be constructed in the first stage of
development.

Faculty Housing

Faculty housing is composed of single
and double units of a four-family modular
unit. Along the crests of the hills the
units will be singular and on the steep
slopes they will become two-story ”step
down.” These structures will be supported
by a single pillar in the center of the
module. Exposure of the rear apartments
will be outward from the sides while the
front apartments will have a front exposure.

26

Only one-half (25) of these structures
will be constructed in the first stage of
development.

   

C. Parking

On the site of Hidden Lake College,
parking is a major problem. The total
parking need for the facilities here is
l9.28 acres which does not include walks,
buffer strips or tree wells. The ideal
topography for such an amount of parking
would be flat to gently rolling land
where grading would be kept to a minimum.
Because this type of topography is scarce,
and that which does exist must be utilized
for recreation and building, I have incor-
porated three parking structures into the
college master plan.

These structures also help bring the
related campus areas into closer proximity
through their concentration of parking and
does away with a terraced type parking
which cuts up the land, hinders pedestrian
circulation, decentralizes parking from the
active use areas and adds cost due to
excess roads, retaining walls and utilities.

The two structures north of the county
road designated as commuter parking, which
also serve a night use to special events,
will be constructed in the first phase.
The structure south of the county road
for dormitory storage parking will be
constructed when the enrollment exceeds
the 2,500 mark.

The structure will be five stories
high, three stories above ground and two

below. 27

General College

This building will take a spread “V”
shape with a wing at the apex as the main
entrance. The lower floor will be exposed
to the back side, overlooking the grassy
bowl of the ravine. Total height of the
structure is three floors. Interior verti-
cal circulation is by steps only.

ArtsL Speech, Music

This is a small rectangular building
of one floor. Main exposure here is also
toward the ravine.

Natural Science

This structure will take the form of
a spread "V” with the apex being the main
entrance.. Again, the lower floor will be
exposed toward the grassy ravine. Total
height of the structure is three floors
with interior vertical circulation by steps.

Specialties Building

A two-story building with an exposed
lower floor only to the rear. The form
of this building is a spread ”U". Interior
vertical circulation is by steps.

Library

A two-story hexagonal structure with
vertical circulation, offices and stacks
in the core. This building will be
designed to allow the maximum use of
natural light in the reading area around
the perifery of the building. The base-
ment of the building will house the equip-
ment for audio-visual services.

Administration

A two-story structure with a spread
”V" form with the main entrance into a
wing extending from the apex. The lower
floor will be exposed to the rear only.
Interior vertical circulation will be by

steps.

28

Auditorium

A two-story structure plus basement.
The main floor of the auditorium proper
will be the first floor and will have a
balcony on three sides. The basement will
have a smaller drama theatre, storage,
maintenance and heating facilities.

Medical Center

This fifty-bed center will be rectangu-
lar in shape and one story high. A base-
ment will be included for storage, main-
tenance and laboratories.

Athletic Field House

Rectangular in shape, this structure
will be two stories high. Where the full
height is not needed for gymnasiums and
pool, a second floor will be designed to
service balconys and provide office and
classroom space.

Student Union

This building will take a spread "V”
form with a wing at the apex. The lower
floor of this two-story structure is
exposed only on one side, the side facing
the lake. The upper floor will feature a
cantilevered balcony for viewing and eating.
Interior vertical circulation is by steps.

Chapel

A small hexagonal structure, one story
in height. This building reflects the form
and construction of the library on a smaller

scale.

Maintenance, Power Plant and Telephone
Center

The buildings in this complex are
generally rectangular in form with the
maintenance building and telephone center
being one story in height and the power
plant two stories.

In addition to these facilities, the
campus police and fire equipment will also
be located here.

29

VIII.

Circulation

A.

Vehicular

The main entrance to the campus is on
M-SO near the center of the property. As
one means of diminishing the effect the
county road has as a division line, I am
carrying the vehicular traffic over the
county road and leading it directly in
toward the academic area. After coming
into contact with the core facilities,
that is, the library and administration
building, vehicular traffic is then led
back to the county road.

By using broad horizontal curves near
the entrance and progressing downward to
sharper curves at the core, a feeling of
”reaching a destination" can be achieved
on this through road.

The county road running east and west
through the property is the alternate
entrance to the site. This is the most
direct route into the campus and will
function as the primary entrance points
for the commuter students. I am proposing
that this road be paved, straightened,
leveled and widened along its entire
length.

In addition to these roads, there are
six service drives on the campus.

The first service drive is off the main
entrance road giving vehicular access to the
natural science and specialties building.
From the terminal circle there is a connec-
tor road leading to an existing loop with
turnout to be used as a scenic drive.

The second drive is an existing loop
with turnout just south of the library,
giving excellent views of the lake and

adjacent slopes.

The third service drive is a drive-
walk combination and serves the chapel from
the main entrance road. This is to be used
only on special occasions when the need

eXIStSo

3O

The fourth drive is a loop road
off the county road servicing the audi-
torium and medical center.

The fifth drive is off the county
road and services the faculty housing
facilities. This road has a series of
loops for turnarounds and terminates
in a cul-de-sac.

The sixth service drive is that which
gives access to the dormitory complex. It
is connected to the county road and termi-
nates in two cul-de-sacs.

In addition to these drives open for
normal traffic, there are four access
points onto the walk system. These would
be used only for maintenance of the
property and snow removal.

Pedestrian

The main circulation route begins in
the dormitory complex, overpasses the
county road and divides with one leg
directed toward the student union and
library and the other toward the academic

grouping.

Within the academic grouping there is
a walk which connects the buildings,
following the contours of the ravine,
making a complete circuit.

The majority of the existing eight-foot
roads will be converted to walks and be
used mainly as scenic paths. The rest
will be eliminated entirely or used as
service drives to proposed buildings.

In general, both the road system and
walk system are informal in design with
the number of friction points between the
two reduced by overpasses and underpasses.

3l

TABLE XVII

 

 

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CONTENTS

ENGINEERING A

I.

II.

III.

IV.

V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.

IX.

X.

CALCULATION OF PROPERTY COORDINATES

Table XVIII. Conversion from Latitude and Longitude to
the Michigan Grid System

Table XIX. Calculation of Preperty Coordinate

Table XX. Supporting diagram

WATER SUPPLY

Table XXI

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY

A Telephone
Table XXII

STEAM AND HEAT SUPPLY
Table XXIII
FUEL SUPPLY
STORM WATER DISPOSAL
SEWAGE DISPOSAL

TRASH AND GARBAGE DISPOSAL
LAYOUT

Table XXIV 1-10 Road Calculations
Table XXV Layout Sheet

GRADING

Table XXVI Grading Sheet

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Page

32

33
33

35

36

37
38

39

NHCFHCAM STATE U‘HVCRSFFY

SCHOOL (‘i.-- 1,”

AND LARUSCAPE AficiHTECTURE

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TABLE XVIII:

CONVERSION FROM LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
TO THE MICHIGAN GRID SYSTEM .

State - Michigan' Zone - East. Cent.Mer.83°ho'oo"
Station - Intersection M-SO and T-Rd. South Between Sections

l9 and 20 (Pt.A). Approximately 650 feet East of
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Water Supply

Water will be supplied from wells driven
into the glacial drift and pumped into one or
more reservoirs equalling one million gallons
capacity. This will allow for a standard of
one hundred gallons per day per student enrolled
to be used with an ample supply left in the
reservoir for fire protection, heating “make-
up” water and air conditioning of the labora-
tories.

Irrigation water will be pumped directly
from the spring-fed lake into the distribution
system.

All water lines will run a minimum of
four and one-half feet below the surface of
the ground and follow the contours of the
slope. All pipe junctions will be equipped
with access vaults.

Fire plugs will be located on all roads
with the maximum distance apart being five
hundred feet.

Distilled water for laboratory use will
be run through a triple steam still and be
transported through tin-lined pipes within
the buildings requiring this water. (See
Table XXI.)

32

 

 

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Electrical Supply

Electricity will be produced at Hidden
Lake College in two steam driven generators.
Because my total consumption will be substan-
tially below the 10,000 kw. limit, I will use
a three phase, # wire, "Y” connection distri-
bution system having a voltage of #l60 from
phase to phase and ZhOO from phase to ground.
Wiring will be in series.

T2 1.00
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Electrical distribution will take place
through 500 M.C.M. (Circular Mill Cable)
in a fibre duct encased in concrete.

 

One or more transformers in each building
will step the voltage down to the specific
use; 120/208 volts for incandescent lights and
plugs and #80 volts for fan motors and heavier
equipment. In case of large loads from banks
of florescent lights, the voltage will be
stepped up at the power source from 4160 to
l3,200 volts and then stepped down at the
building to 277/h80 volts. By so doing, a
greater efficiency can be obtained. This
wiring will be parallel in nature.

A "tie" between the college system bus
line and an outside power source will be
maintained in case of emergencies. (See

Table XXII.)

A. Telephone

The telephone system control switch-
board will be located in the telephone
building in the maintenance complex.

33

Telephone cables will be in fibre
ducts encased in concrete and run just
above the electrical lines wherever
applicable for ease of maintenance and
to reduce the initial cost.

Depth of electrical and telephone lines

will be two-ft. minimum with vaults located
at all junctions for ease of maintenance.

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Steam Supply

Steam will be generated in gas fired boilers
and after being used to drive the turbines for
generating electricity, will be distributed to
the buildings through insulated pipes. The
minimum depth of these pipes is 30 inches. All
main steam lines will be housed in ducts which
will allow for easy maintenance. Each building
will be equipped with a converter to heat the
circulating hot water system. (See Table XXIII.)

35

    
        

         

 

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Fuel Supply

For fuel at Hidden Lake College I have
chosen natural gas. At present, Consumers
Power Company has an existing gas main seven
miles west of Tipton, approximately five miles
west of Hidden Lake property; and this could
be made available upon request at no cost to
the college. This gas is under pressure and
would require no pumping.

This gas would be used for the heating of
buildings, as fuel for the boilers for the
main campus and individual heating units of
the faculty housing, for appliances, labora-
tory use, and incineration.

My reasons for selecting gas as the basic
fuel is based on the comparative costs of
available fuels. If the college were buying
coal in great quantities and were there rail
lines on the property, the cost of this coal
would be approximately .33 cents per million
B.T.U.s, the least expensive of all fuels.
As there are no rail lines or spurs within
eight miles, Tecumseh being the closest, the
cost of trucking the coal in could easily
double this amount.

Natural gas based on a consumption of one
million cubic feet per month would run .60
cents per million B.T.U.s. Oil, at the
present cost of $7.l2 per gallon runs .86
cents per million B.T.U.s. Electricity, at
the current rate of l.5 cents per kilowatt
comes to $#.#O per million B.T.U.s.

VI.

Storm Water Disposal

All storm water collected from hand surface
areas and lawn drains will be emptied into the
small pond at the south end of the lake. This
will act as a settling pond for any material
held in suspension and the clear water will
then flow into the lake by way of drainage

ditch.

37

V'l.

Sewage Disposal

Sewage from the dormitory complex will be
collected in a sewer main after flowing through
individual grease traps at the building. It
will then flow to the sewage disposal unit at
the south end of the property, adjacent to the
dormitories--the unit composed of bar screen
and sedimentation tank (lmhoff). Effluent will
be dosed through the use of a battery of
inverted siphons and flow through a distribution
box and into the drain field.

Sewage from the faculty housing will be
treated in individual septic tanks and drain
fields adjacent to the housing unit.

Sewage from all other sources will flow
by gravity or be collected and pumped to a
sewage disposal unit similar to that of the
dormitories along the northwest edge of the
property. Dnly that sewage from the union
will be required to flow through a grease
trap. Effluent will be distributed to the
drain field adjacent to this disposal unit.

38

VIII.

Trash and Garbage Disposal

All burnable trash and garbage will be
disposed of by gas fired incineration units
in all buildings except the chapel and
parking structures. All non-burnable trash
and ash will be collected and trucked to
a dumping area at the northern edge of the
site.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

      

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

”Buildings to Fit the Campus,” Progressive
Architecture, Sept. l962, l26-IS3.

”Campus Buildings - Exposing Structure for
Science," Progressive Architecture, June

196', 138-1670

Candell Rowlett and Scott, An Approach to College
Design, by the Authors, l957.

“Charette Meeting on a Community College,"
Progressive Architecture, Nov. I962, l08-l25.

Fin n ‘
v.
z,

”A Comparison of the Sites of Allendale, Marne
and Muskegon for a l0,000 Student College,“
Michgan Department of Administration, Building
Division, Lansing, Michigan, by the Author,
I96], 8pp.

Dober, Richard, ”Form and Style in Campus Design,"
Progressive Architecture, Sept. I960, Vol.41,
No.9, 122-l33. '

"Dormitory Planning - Two Examples,” Progressive
Architecture, Sept.l960, l56-l59.

nude;- shrukmmw-m‘b

‘iflrt

Final Report, "Facts About the Three County
Community College Study,’ Public Information
Committee, Three County Executive Advisory
Committee, l96l.

Jamrich, John X., A New College, A Report to the
Legislative and Citizens Committees on the
Eight County Study of Higher Education Needs,
Michigan State University, December l959.

Jones, Donald A., Physical Facilities Analysis
for Colleges and Universities, l958, le pp.

McVoy, Arthur, ”Planning a New College Campus,”
Progressive Architecture, Vol.30, No.8, Aug.

1949, [+5-6LI’0

Michigan State University Alumni Magazine, Depart-
ment of Information Services, October l962.

Plane Coordinate Projection Tables, Spec. Pub.3l3,
U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Coast & Geodetic Survey.

Russell, John Dale, Staff Study # 2, Reports of
the Survey of Higher Education in Michigan

(J.F. Thaden, I958.)

Saarinen, Eero, "Campus Planning," Architectural
Record, Nov. l960, Vol. l28, 123- l30.

“The Settin Preserved," Progressive Architecture,
Sept. l9 0, l50-l55.

Shepley, Henry R., ”The Eighth House, " Progressive
Architecture, Sept. I960, l34- lhl..

Skidmore, Owings 8 Merrill (Concept of), ”Campus
Design by Function, Not by Discipline, "
Architectural Record, Vol. l30, No. A, Oct. l96l, Ia
'2'130 [

Soil Survey - Lenawee County Michigan, U. S.
Dept. of Agriculture, August l9bl.

Thaden, J. F., Population of Michigan Counties - é
Projections to [370, Tech. Bulletin B- -2h,

Education Service, Kellogg Center, M. S .U.,
March l962.

Thaden, J. F., Reports of the Survey or Higher
Education in Michigan, l958.

Three County Community_College Studyy Final Report
Tri-County Board oF Education, Section I and IV.

”Two Kinds of Campus Coherence,” Architectural
Forum, Vol. l07, Sept. l957, l38- lh7.

United States Census of Population, l960.

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MlCHlGAN STATE Ul‘llVEPPlTY,

    

EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN

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31293 02938 3795