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THE MARKET MILK SITUATION IN A
TYPICAL SMALL MICHIGAN CITY

THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF M. S.

Raymond M. Clark
1932

CIark, Raymond M

The market milk situation in 3....

M. S . The!“
1932

LIBRARY
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Tie Liaififet V111: Sihmtion in a Tyf'ficral Stat-‘11 Ific?.ir".n City

Restiectfully azz‘rvritted tr: the F’C‘llty of the I.'1(:l“;i’*"n

State 0.3119373 in perusal f'ilfill’mflt of tie remzire-

Treats for the mr'ree of Foster of Science

L“

Ramond if. Clerk.

1.32

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///'\L

A
I
.

The writer wicies to evrrceo hie sircnre nrcrccistion of tie

heleful one esti as of Ir fen: r i. In Antlnny, Ebed of tfie

Tefihrt“fift e 351?; 313% nary, t3 Frofesrzr G. Evicclfi Traut

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'3.)

1‘ criticiefr. 0.? 1.719 7‘1"":111-731'5. "t, #133; to ‘11”: rear {Tit-1cm Entry,

0 .
”wrrczfitfns recur ins

tke collection an" analysis 2f tPe doze

TABLE 0!? 0013931." '3.

P38.

WMTIOH 1
Boo-on- for study 3
Sooid. Importanoo 3

con-mu Intoroot 5

prodnooro Intoroot i
Diotributoro Intoroot 6
UTImATUIIII.‘ REVIEWED 'I
City Hilk Supp); 7

Int Distribution 14
Studioo of Conoumption 29

PM}? 0? STUD! ' 34
Introduction 54
W of Sowing lists 34
RESULTS 37
Production 37
Prion Plan! in tho Adrian market 37

Dairy Farm Sanitation ‘1

Control of Production 45

Prodnooro’ Proformoo for o Spooii'io Doalor 48

Produooro' Suggootiono for Improvomnt 49
Distribution 51

Typo! of Distribution 51

Imotmont in Equipment 52

Soolonol Surplno ’ 52

Hmbor or Distributoro 55

Dodoro Suggestions for Improvement 56

Retail Price
flontoo
Coagulation
Como Iéouuro of wlity
Prioo tad totality

con-unoro'Suggootiono for Immvomont
of “ilk Supp”

Attitudo or 00:13er Town-d Price of Hill:
Voriation in Consumption
conciusxous
SIRS-1‘32?
APPEHDIX
motion-mo I. i fox-tho doolor)
motion” 11. I for tho produoor)
motions-o III. I for tho oomunor)
mu m1. lilk Dolivorioo por no;
mu m. Groo- Dolivorioo por my

unp-
LITERATURE cxrun

62
62

64

69
70
70
78
81
83
84
87

89

92
94

105

1.
13333 EDKI’CI‘ If} 2‘!

In the days wien mastic! the ropnlrtion lived on ferrs and in
small villages and a most every forlly owned a one, there was no m 1k
marketing problem. Irter, as citiea increeecd in size the nei‘Ibnring
farmer host a Barber of eves enfi 33:21103 milk to the recile era lived
in tie city. Us: {"11}! he 52%??? 1:32 511‘s: in crane 311.3 filler? tie I":":‘I.."‘F‘"’if€:"9
container from t: 998 cans (1:). A2 cities grew, 222-" gm control of 2. 21'*:::»:1
diseases bee we eére t crane? on! were cor~licrted, tIie trtfod ff die-
trihutiug rilk IOC*fifi unectie?»ctvry. fit? tle c rtieued eré"t? cf cit~
193, the prsflacer witlin driving diet"nce of tTe city Ixuifi it no lenrer
possible to {wraith a an! iciént curtly of 311$ t< meet tic agwrnas ff
consarrzers. 5-: a resalt the r-i:‘:..~‘~le»irrI c"».‘:e i’TtO we some»? of v»:‘2»-' +~

f."

' ‘ -.., ‘— 3.‘ .' -. ,. .. . : . -. . ,... .
geese mid l‘-3u a8“w.cd tie rte wrsgblxzt: I? 9531?;flfi :11: at F” "t9?

8-!

to

city, firocesvinr it ”P“ fiietri5nti<3 it in units e8

(9

Eirtrncee {roe t1
tke coneurcr fievrnfled.

Kellfi end Clerent (13) strtcd tint rrebnbly the firnt $319-
ment of mil}: by rail in the United fitntes Y’.-".E roofie in 1'5ij than milk ‘3'"3
received at EzeCJn. F've years later one Piston Sealer received over
200,030 gallons of milk by rail. fine York received her first sliement
by'rwil in 13M7.

Time the Problem of marketiig milk hes dovrlofed in cowprra-
tively recent genre. Follorinr tie Civil *er Frames of milk rrofitcers
feared cooperetive werketine agencivtiore for tie furroee of socqrirg a
favoreble price from distributors (12). file develoywent of conperetive
associetitns for morketing of milk soars to forellel the develoamont of

the fluid milkzmerkating probl A. Elseorth (11) atrtes tlrt at leest es

early as 1351 a cooperetlve associction of fereera was 0 gsnized for the

pur‘oee of over-ting a cheese factory in Creme County, Hon Eric. A co-
oper-"tire frotnry, 07.3“".nized in 13533., in ifontrrm‘ncry 0mm 3, tie"? York, is
still functioning.

Eetzger (:35) states thet tE-e earlier 83¢‘i)»".i"tiQ-ns were famed
for the purnoeo of retailing mill. Tie producers felt tint tls file”ribn-
tor received two {wet a promniisn of t? e cz'nrtsmter's duller. They tire-o
fore oréanieed esroci’tiors of thwir own so thsy m1~ht receive the dis-
tributor's profit 93 well as tie w’nleerle rrice of the milk. Feet of
these seSDCi~tions were {breed finer tle a filler cities. Yewr l"r er cit«
ies aseoeiatiofis were formed for tbe rerooee of b~rsoinirfi Tit} tfe es—
tnblished digtriiuters for a better 61 rly.

A greet deal hes been amid and weny Vlevee love been written
concerning the marketing of fill}! in Prge cities. Stu-”lee leave teen rebate
of the production, distribution, 9nd caneanrtion of milk in a number of
metrotoliten mrrkets, but little has been written to 5333 the marketing
coneitions end rroblem of tinge who profldce anfi nintrihute fluid milk
in tire small cities. Tile st‘fiy atte‘rte t7: develop a r"r-t.l‘zml an.” to

presert facts reletive to tle Worketlnp of fluid milk in a small city.

W" n H ‘lhf‘ .‘lf‘ I‘Jl'y' m
' ‘\ V J T— ‘v? M; , .. Y
W' —‘ "T a . ,- - -r If

‘~-.

9... . --
32:01.74}. Eifll'tr; 93

I

Eitk 13 c>n¢increl hm rag: enamctiwl nrticle “f fétfl 1n tle
human diet. Eat only is it tle CFief c ngtifun t in tia fiietrry of in-
fants, but it is alas *'~ifi rad a necessity in the dint 3f nfiults. r113
13 fine of the c‘19f snnrcaa of c.1cizn "nd r 137? rams "lick are essen-
tial in the grawth wf bone. It 3130 furnizles twa vcrg egcrrtin 1 vi?»
mines far tie buxrn f mily. ”Te f'ct t at r1 :19 axe of tie mast easily
fiiwoste. fooéz and cartfiins a com"lete rrotein rrkes it mat? in ort~wt as
a food.

‘lt1373b milk 18 a hvsic fzrd, fifitontihlly, it fry'be 31? 0f
tie I".‘1"'>f?t 6.0r13‘*'ern-1s of f rofls. F-‘W'er {13) aortcrilns a narlfr of e' Mat-vies
filial hnve been tr:ca% fliroctly to nilk ivfficfiwn. firfier certfiin cwr71~
tions, milk is an evcellettt 3:81:22: far the trrnm‘imhn of .3 nos? 9? 91'
human éizefise or: mizfl, some sf VEich any eater To¢3 e t”? wilk is ¢r9~
faced, or at sny tiwe d1vin~ tfin jfiuvfiey a? th9 rr23"ct t' tlfi c~‘~‘"vr'a
txlle. It is tieroffire es nti71 t}:*t a Cifit“ Qioulfi refiuire tTrt t“is
itfi*";)rt"t'zt 1"“:er 71"}; :Ct ‘fie annihrily hatrlvfi.

Afcut h? wer cent 9? £33 ~11? vrn7wce£ in tie Vvitrd States is
901% as fl'fl 1d rilk. A rrfiat dewl a? t‘ig $1113 Tllk £2 919a for a"¢aznr
in tie hawp, tut l~rre cunnfitiba era cansnfibd as a hevarq~c, misicknfi.
334er tkfise c?nr1tiirs the eué‘rvisiun of tie wilk sqvwly Eocwres er-
trc~ely 13.3rtHnt. Funicivnlitics age states E~va fawnfi it ncc93fi"ry to

Fnss laws r‘fiwlwtinr tr? ifions ““”“r vliCL wilk ffir fluid nnfis *6?

t ‘)P
W.
,2
.- 4r
3
?

be 93353093 and dis

5 v -
:cnrrffirs' Ifit”rflfi%

 

Csfisrfivrn Enve a numfirr of Wn‘31”fi3 fjr jfifi inf tle cqslity of

thh milk tkny “urcfnqe. ”nfirly all carswwflrg ”Dogmro t”n 91’11ty of wilk

"‘3' its flavor, 02'9“: 11%, or ‘I-utimrf’nt c-zrzimnt. A few are interestea
1n the tfictEI ‘1 l Crnt -nt ”Rd 8“:‘i «at t?rts of the vilk thfiy buy; While
butterf' t 13 {Irzm‘rt‘mt it h a little rI-‘lrt :n’zshh to the 351111th 0:521:11-
tlon of the milk. TTCtprlnl cvflnta amfi anilJért fiiacs yro mare FWllfiEle
criteria of the sanitatyc Cwn Haiti-:2”: an er 1-73 ion :T‘Iilc z s be n @127" cad
firm are b’lttff-l’f‘i't final flw'vr. C 119*}:ch s N113 {mu-meat t‘ylvos in

the unitary c -nxiitlsna of this 2213' lbw-y I cc. Szxrwrvislon of shalt-wry

:4'

can tians may be brmwlat about by imwctim of t‘: a b-: ms and wants
through Which 1.16:3 milk pasafie, 51‘ t‘ mug-1h hwcteriz‘Il, flnvc r, or 9"?- mt
analyses of a S‘TVTlE of 32117;. III was edema nnly one of flaw: wt”; in
uned, while in 31.3mm two or~-3m 1:”31ts are erorL’me-sl.

C3?‘a£«!1t’.’?°l‘8 are 3139 intfimstT-d in fie twice— ’3‘} ich tlwy «gar-2;? fIr
milk, and emetiree in the 5:er bet-ten tire Pm 92:123. retail hrice.
They wish t3 km: w'I-zetlIer the price t1 9;! my fur mill; is in pro":artim to
Le nrlcs “1.1331 t‘iey pay for otlzm' £0.36 bro-hem. I'm ur:.;'£err.~'t It'ltfi'r :3!
the tratlems Hf a mill: amt-2:91; With It f-tir 516:5 rec 0f accuracy 19.- clear-”rule
in c'rgler {,1 1It t'ize caIwmcr army learn to my net t~ m‘ice air-saws. Fluc—
ll"tlan$ in M1 ces are lncvlt':lle :3 c. 3’8 incre*ce or Increnee'zrd
supply or slew-I13 Cl‘”2'}f‘f€<8. Ctr-19' mars ‘f'l o are mt inf med rarflrfilng tT-e
YFlI'l‘Jlll fact-H's rant? 189.413 31’ I‘firit‘otimz may be l‘“l‘~.1€t"nt in teem-ting:
rises in prices. Er ”Ir-n (12-2) Emir-:3 mt t7 f? ffwct t‘: at cme “"1121 of
milk in Toleio anal chlam- cities c‘ncmmad :11): at 133 p'r cent $5! en tie
Erica raw two cents. at a ti 9 rhea 339:: 12 were. mt sccust mad to twice

changes. Titan tLey bee-‘17}? ascuctrmcd to price c‘r «fives, ‘Izvever, 09115:th-

ticm variec’: very little with price chmxyes.

Prices or“ two-at fun—s: co .r 891M; live bran rel-lively law glzzce

19:30, awn-:3 F‘\'}3"9 emocially since 1330. 251:“.an also 91"? in a rr‘l'tively

bad Confiition bncnuae tie rrices which they rec‘ive for CWIVGVltlaa rre
relatively lJver than the prices of swxfis which tiey buy for hrzfluctian
and living, as gvovn in Figure 1. T32 infier of TFlCGS receiveé t3 tickl—
gan forners fwr milk in l?fl was hi~lcr t‘on tPr ric3i~fin f'rm covraT'ty
vrice in?ex, nag was eIwal to the 1349x of ”rises if tii vs vlich {hr-
rers bauvlt {Jr fircgdctlfin anfi livinm (3“). filthnlrl hrices of tlchzr"n
flair: frafiacts flur‘n' t?e pvst two yetrg Ffive barn rfl"tiv$ly anIrfikl

to trices cf covaJities Iurchrsfid by {Irwrrs for rro‘ictian qua livlnr,
Viclir~n fifiiry fannfirs have keen unffiverEly nffvctafl by rolwtively lifih
form tnIes, f“?m masrn 't‘ fleht cbli¢Itififis. Tie Encrnvcc in Pfiw’wfl fwr

dairy craézcts, Inrticwlhrly flgid rilV, on accxunt of tie tusinosz dc rea-

Elan h?! int9fislfisd tEe filfflcaltias of tle éniry: n, since t79y ha

t
On

ex-
;nnfiei tinir pIIFuction t3 tnYe care of the hi~h nev»na for éhiry nr0~
ducts finial existhd in Picli"~n Trier t3 tke b vinnln: f the wresnnt
busineag aefirFQSion.

739 flairy f~rIIr ray 1‘3k tJWnré nvt Tore tlan flve rnrtible
wetf¢ds 3f LY“FDVifi? lie eitcfitlua. Firét, 10 wuwld b9 befiEfitéd by 3
rise in the trice level. sircc 6*iry *rices wswlfi nit .nly be increased
1y rising brlces, b“t 3193 t?e éornvl f=r fiulrv Tr ”tats Wfilld be stiwu-
lated by the resulting increnae 1n twslness fictivity. flacnnd, the de-
mnnd and Trice of milk would be increased by a revivvl 1n.Inoiness acti~
vlty even tE'uah the Trio levrl did nét imnr'va. Tiirfl, the flfilry fér-

p.

vet T1“?t sank to lgwer pry-06

v.”
to.

an csstq. T3699 c sts v9" aIultless be
reflacefl by ififirfivcd nrafl'ctlsn 9nd man'rnwnnt techni'ue. F urth, tie
Eclry f"rwer rir‘t lelp to r“wefiy his c nflitirn b? rvflncin? *rfifinctlan
so tfnt Xe coal} cows rd 3 hisber trice. In orfipr t) be effective in
rfiising flaifi r11: trices, tlis fiction wuuld have tn cvvrr £19 entire

wilk sled sf tEv £1113 whf'et, snfi b9 rwtiénvifle to W‘lurirlly r lma the

MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE

 

           
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
 

 

 
 
 

 

    

 

 

 

           

 

 

 

 

 
 

    

 

             
       

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

       
            

 

 

 

 

 

 
             

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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DEPARTMENT OF MATH EMATICS

w . .- o.‘ -‘ . -r ‘ - ‘3‘: 1.; n a.- ‘ 3 ’- ‘ .. .*- 1" w, ~..~
grzcvs of mama; ctcred ;rad cts. 4-4.;, t1: .3¢¢¥;11;ty ;f -3 »~uuy x

Pfit crsts miwlt be invacfig"t~3. In tile r'rrr t2: Triw'ry ifitfrffit is

 

$hcn és-find for tilk is aficrénsed the distribut r is 1rft in

n

L.

serials fin"ncifi1 canfiition. F9 is f ced Wit‘ tie weepsdity of receivir

m

the fr'rmcr's r3113 em}: day, tic-o riscrw-ged C:-l".,“;"E‘T';"’T..: m on fie wrt of C135"

eaters, and rzl'tive}y fi?ei OV”#19"d osstz. T"e*e cwrfiiQians farce the

V

distrilatwr t inter:9t hivrrlf in t30 rr‘nétian @f m r vt'ng caatg.

In order ta d€t5fififie the rrl tisnslir of t?is 9t133 ta atrvr

milk «ark ting at} ies the litcr'txve rfil-tive t3 t?e W“r%*t5ng of fldia

milk was stziiefl em! a sszicipfit “crti n is citvfi ‘¢»¢ t" 6 “2*"21 t’is

stufly way be fit*ed int? 8 ccm$1¢tf “icudfin of t’0 erkflt milk “?;t103
F3? P’ .0398 Of C“‘V°iieficc flmd clfiwrWfiafi tie litvrfltzre cited in t‘is

voter will be only that fiiroctlv cwncernpd wit} tie mar"~tina of flnid
“I: 1ftjttsh‘. 'Ii'
milk and creér. The 13t‘rfiture wry be ethfiiviisd ifito an 31?, fitv’rihu-
, A
f

tian, an? Cfinnmr*t10n.

Cit* “13? SW**7V
A . . ‘,

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The area frww wFic? a city r“? érnw its nil? sn“vly Lbs Tran

fleetafiefi by a nurlnr hf writ rn. Iaaggcu .75 éfifinrcnn {1;

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the ”TGfl 0f an“§ly for tEe Petrwit r fifrt, vcirt’d sat tin f’ct t"*t tke
grén was 0n¢~91963, 1308 no Vii? was sni‘rsfl 12 frwf Ccn"fi. fi'by 01:3
rointtfi nut tla f~ct tt’t Titiiu tEQ Fétrwit cram t?~r? rra a nufiPfir sf
smvllmr ci‘ifig whiCV CfiWW¢ie for a nortian 0? t1? gufivlv. It ”vs 0190

eEfiwn tFfit C10V01”?5, $01033, "n8 CP1n'vo raw v1rc?"fie miik in {‘9 Fe~

i.”

trait area if tiny s) fled re. ?’¢2o F chars t®3393 ta c afie t?e fintrait

'.

rrfiq to inCvra*fi yawerfit "n3 C”mfin ’fifilfivfi t1 oat"?limy 931*fifi? fit?-

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tiers in t10 fi-iry mvnaf~ct1rltc era? hr“? t‘o efrc a? t?“ €111? m 1%

..-

rcgifln, Ba tiny tlplt bg arfurna 0f smf’iciwnt v*11"o of fljid r112 3

Fort fi"-"'f"‘.?’.13, 9'1'? 1:9 37.19. t': c'1v'."=vm‘t t? n bur-‘11", i311?) ""‘Y12§""€‘:T“?‘€?rf! Var-{)-
(3 acts wit‘ip»1.1t e. int-121:: it into t? n city.

Jeflfir‘ss {1”} m¢intcd out tlrt a ti”? filhft is f cud with the

“rotl m nf securing an afiewuwte an“ 1} 3f vii“, if *“int"ininr C‘"?°in

1 I I v _’ _ .. fl
8t’*?‘.‘7“=‘[‘3‘1. vii" «minty, 213"!" 03" f=:"’.¢.;r““t;n"’ 2‘- ?‘Lt-fl'ie? “'7'3'31'7,’ 2;?" “'5 3": )1" i3 0
. ‘5‘ I ‘ k

”11%. 3b at~tnfi t’st t'a nH-litv of wil” m"? ?5 r”i't“irnfl h? GPWfifififlhql

cairn-wing, m R luv mice «raw-Jr's

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Echll (?§) rtlfl :3
3e seeired dfitv fr): r~ilr0“d

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he milk 1:: 9.: fi-cviwd. I’e

329d in fifissachusetta W¢8

ahififad in from tie nwrth

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diced 1109113 and 40 per cent

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t- A ;r:e E 1:; 3'0. in ETSCrCLdflfiftB.

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109d in t e stéte “33 ,+.: “a? cent ”"3

C":~‘9. Gte ail 9;x-tn~t 1 *“r c¢nt $¢9
v.53,” «'10.; ry -

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r;37f161% firPa V‘s rtd ind in wrmhtnr fie-
ner afint v? tFQ 3“?7fi"¢3915 aw ”1y «*9 fire.

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C-?0 frfim 'fire r~v te v rtv 2f t,a state.

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s :r' 2' 1y 0"“!29 fr'fim

Yc“*11 plan fauna t?*t ffi.h3 par Cont “f t‘p fnnfi "nits man?
to wrwffce tivt nil? ?FF:”C€3 vit‘in t'5 tt t* “are r‘i-ficF in ”r?" {Ear
“t its. T'us, ’-*1 une-t‘irfi .? t‘e 'r-flzctian in t e n,wtv was t‘e
fr.fizc‘ 3f nthfr st*tés.

fl “t4”; ‘. “J93 ( ”) 9’5”03 *‘rt 7‘ ‘"r Cflfit a? 1‘9 iii" "i*“ei
ifits tie ch Y f" m*r3‘* W-q 51"-li‘n t‘ "n” Y #7 ?i“ta. ,er:r§17“*ia
c-z“ 11:35! 0*."1' bur "(4r ("“1“ “2‘ PM J “-3" “'3 '21: E‘"V€‘“‘. 7‘7"? c": t. ”this

crcnu'w~3 su-y31r3 3"ffra-“Vfl«wn'trrn ctvth "n’ sure By ”*vnin.

Tirawr (15) s” rel t1” s-nrre cf ficur Et‘n hi1? ::"v r Ry
canntKrzrr’ s cwnlt? t 33:?Ikt“ itrdfli Cf““Z'FS “€13?fi?‘7:"1‘
fiili st tiudfis 111 tfie Irztt“tifi"t Tr'u‘lc‘?:* r??*’ t’**‘ ¢*‘.rw *rr‘ t‘P 'Wilk
she} fnrf7sr ‘mt frfiv ti? city.

1‘91"}? n W1C“. 7'11“? (1.1) nutiiw“ t?" 931%:(3 ",f' "‘11? 911'1'13.’ fit
the city w Gib;xjn’, YEFViii“, r~ esmr‘ifs. fiFfl? ?”'a'1t 12% t‘" ‘rct
t3°t rilk frc”tctinn in? file 77cf‘-n‘ f'r’ t 1'd i°fi?9’?”’ '“fe rfirEPIy

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1“tifin kfd meccncitqt¢fl an ifiCTQ‘fie 1% t?» firva of tie rilk ¢?ed.

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int 31am” wit} t7? incrvfiee n rrrq rid cifp q c“nt~~ frfim

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rfiil to track tr¢n~ srt tion af milk, 'wle to fiitle Ty tr? Eérc any? cea

r3023. A zv.,zre ccxznlrte c 2+:r+r‘21 1;." “imp-1:1 '3'. ;'*-= it, 12's vaelnjw‘r'? t3
gqur;ér3 tie u E'n V3W11~tifin of tkane "?e“s. *‘fi rvfir“n?1 V”ri’fi13}

,0? rrfi$wctizn 1n’er f111€ "11% cjn’itifivs we" 03““”T93 Wit? ‘?~e:n11 Vfi-
rictinn of fr=32ct1fin f?! cErvse fcct "lea. 3e“v§?s ftuné +F-t tfie pra-
€act13n Fr 71°11; eccétigd ~1t ”it? th i6Vé1:fi~“n* 3f fltifl hilk mt kfits.
T are wns still cyre vwriwtizn due to tfivtvrws 6n? vari~tirug in feed
prices.

A aurvey C tfc 33¢ ifiyfiias #11? fl fifi'vra 5"e Ty ifs car '35).
Fe 13C"t93 t”“ 57iri¢m kol‘in" fipfrifs frJr thn * a R?*'3fs Tfifird 3f {Gilt}
t3 s¢wrly thw? city rith mil . Fa £5333 t3~t ?§ 7:? cnfit cf tie fairips,
naming-t n‘c-xnxt ""T-,"»T'(J chars, Wire 1~".'T-C"‘tf-Td. in Live .-‘-.;"”'i.r-.°. C"".1“‘t"', #257. #32"!
r.%ct <f tie fill; Wfis 7rtfxcrfi "itfin ? Pfiiflfi r: 142? tLdn hi tilts. “Fe
v¢f3rity 3? t1: §?irics 1w t‘lr awrtinn "are an r? tsfl 1"n3, ufiinr rintod
e~uiém¢rt. an~=“xrrt:y, t7v"e T‘S a kiflh r"t9 cf tgrnfivar fiwifi? €31rr-

, - -. ‘ ., . ,.. ,3 ;.»‘ 1‘ ,3 .,..--_.... .‘ : __. 1 .. _.
ren. Few c lacs «9?? r.13e , spnce f;e .~Lr; vx aulnn it €795.9r tn ,1r—

r - n -~ “\s-- *1 .:~ .‘g“ ‘- . ‘. -2 ~-‘ -o-.. ..3" ». ; ‘.
ch 59 c3$§ 1:43 udtfii;s. “at e. act 1.: tdLCIQxL- :5 er ~ c'tipn {“5 in

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tire 1:3:er :3! cry-rs n" «I (:65. Ms urirnw-n, 33:11. i. “ts-8. tZ'rt 3'5 pct
cent 0? t?é cwws woalfl Fe ranl‘cfifl r“? ;P r.

V32 Ciic~ro wi1{ shca ”“9 éiviflnfl into fi'?F3 “bcfriiVE to frcirrt
rvtns. 3.99 (2,) nsfe a s‘uiv cf tic 2112 guwvly for tfie Clicr~o fiistrict.
E? foxnfl t} t fifi hack m1 E is 5P?3?F85 in €39 30 to 35 abut "fine as is *rfi-
dchd 1: 1‘3 tie h? caxt ”are. A 31*er of Cétfirntfir1?3 P70 lzc'tofi in
t?e k0 t? k? cent 3~ne. "‘79 if t}? r132 V’s u~s§ tn 91*33? nt“‘r sitics.

"‘ ... ‘ \ -— -n“ '1.-,.’
t ~».rv-3 t} 'l x-fin t {a 4-7:.74-{4x {'flrr . {...vm C};-

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already 93t°5139}ed nnfi t?o 1ncrecsiwr use v3 t~unk9 9vu18 tvni to prvvent
a rw id eyrcnrion 0f the milk ziefi. Fair"w«n “mulfi h» slow to nwtnblioh
new ceuntry tlvnts Ltvfinfi tTe T?8¥P5t nrfing ?Lvn it w=a1€ rewn %?¢ 13?,

of p1~nt$ sire Ry eats 1E£?P&. Alta tie afinvwnif“ce 0? t3? track trinring

milk éirvct1y t1 LE9 city ”lwnt r t’vr tTwn t‘" tfink c”? hrinrin» it to a

9t<tizn *tcre it mutt be rtTrrfilad «galfi canee fimwlarr tn Truif«t9 to as

{D

tfifik C¢rs tfi t ”t? art t Fir mil? afi‘fily.

Tzr'mn ff) f-Nll‘d t? fit 1%".- jmr cent of t' s? HUT: y~.~.‘-7.‘..1r'*{ t5 Chic-ago,

(H

3 p‘r cPfi Slfiflicfi t3 $t. Innis, 130 p’? cent fin fillflfl t3 Perria, and
9? f8? Crnt Eiffili”fi tfi'laincy rfire frnm Illinwia.
.JriLtlmns in t}? proflmction of mil”:w9re 0? two tywes (2 ).

Tie rivet véz v v~rlflt13n tram year t3 yé'r 3:9 to ficonawic cwnr

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(4'
t“.

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sac? 93 C3"?zr»tiv¢ nPV-nt'?9 if W112 “n? fifiP<r $"4312t3 531‘h '19ii h?

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TFBTWCGT, Tel'tivn cwst 3f ferd “n3 Wilk, fin” 1"} r ca *3. '?:Es tf'fi 0f
v:ri*tisn 21‘7t bw “? Jf?t afifizt by c? trinv f9“? fifiatfi*9fi, 'n3 nth*r
fer: firfict1001 WF13h Cfiufie r11» proguctinn to v~ry. It ”ha Tnnré tkqt
var} tion {PTfi VW‘T t3 yW'r WiMTt flflfi ¥e frfu'Yt ¢?7dt %y a CF“??? in

breuflix: fivncticps, or Fy vrrlntian ix fFQ uan¢r 3f reifvra yovt.

7‘9 snnwn§ tf‘fi OF v*v1~tlnn in »*%‘*“t?fln ”“3 5F”t *’ enficénwl

. -.-. ‘ , , .... z, ..w. ”.....m‘.) “_ 3 ‘. , , 9 , ‘
vvr1“ti)u. “ -3,.°1 v-éafit.an "~g 1.;h' in an ”07? n t~wan “L“ '1ctg
wiich h~fl 1C9? 91“*1Ein’ Tliij fiTh “'rVntfi T‘r fifi“? ti“0 {3_)- TTi: tyre

of v-mivtion mifie’t, 1-1:“: c~‘n*mll~r? by “:wava (Eifi'GH‘FR‘itifils s'u‘ficirWUy rm‘at
- I

to OVfirCJ o tTe 03¢ta.21 3x1fnfiiflfi in: t7¢ ¢r<a~nnl eriwtlvn xTT) (5)9 gr

a city nirht fio omtiifie its 7? 11“? fill? "'94 ta vrcwre onvmr‘ wilk to

:3

c. "If it '6‘" I‘FJT.1~"".'“ PTwrt'f’f-a “0&0? ...

't-r‘c‘, of "rice: {m {7:0 :3 :‘zj'z‘l'l vv'n‘am'vitn 0:3" 3111:: VPrind

-. ‘. f L‘ . T ‘ . . . a p I ~ a-o . 1~ :- , a 1a
'- .. . . . ‘ -v_~ . T N . . . .. - ., -
;:¢»tt3 Wind 3493 f»cfnrs rs fivzjnt a. {:9 , Ta? fl fiw‘ ». fi-rtwrp, rnw g :9:

n .... ”A. ‘ ‘1. (.V.
Ur C‘flfiwfit? ;P9, ”at” vs

9 c"‘-*-*'~t*":ti."~<1 r? w»? ‘5’“?1» «mi Mr: f“? 1'~‘--»r', W2".

"1%? {ye at"?illfv of #%9 m~?“'t. q firflfir ("7‘ c?‘vp3 *Tfifi f3” f‘n “firinfl

11.

from lfilfi to 1315 tlere ”vs 2 li’h Pagrfiw of carrfil’tinn t 1'92: fiilk *ro-
ductian "n5 price cf ffied. Vilk'rrafiictlcn rear LTea t5 ci‘n~:s in fnna
price witE-in t»:- to time mantis. Ruiz»? t; is rte-“rind the "-ctnlér' t3 Zf--'-"ch
Trice v9! ?3:t~8 bmf-re “ctxbfr v”! tTQ srico o‘nfiivuwd ufitil V‘vct. Tn
the p“?1ci frfim 1117 to I??? fifiimwt “fit to brice cTfin>~ ’23 r*t ccnr “fitil
phcut 15 mirtks fifter trica ci~nras L"d occurr¢d. P?iceg r?rn net annoancwd
until a mmrth rftvr t’n ril% was 3031?“??fl. fiiwcfi t¥oy rvre vvry ufiatélle
the dairywpn 415 “at Fawn vY"t twice t7 97vcct.

'3) Q_3“fid tfct tip vyice 1f wilL P~e ufit t}@ 3013
cantrnllifi? frct‘r bf »r*fixvtien. V39 93”rct a? {find CCQt “Ga 8 rvefitPr

ftcttr tinn t}n “rice the fnrfirr rficaiv9fi fwr 113 nilfi. *tufiiws at R’~L-

L‘q

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mond, Vr‘W..«“-Tf:t, 9":2r-w‘ t“ "t. '2 tar: "".1" Cflnt i‘vzcrn"~e it: ‘39 with: «:s'f #21171"

as

tn f"TV7'“?§C? tmzq17t0d i33:= fimvrfi “’T'fffi? 1"“tfiv'w’ in ri.pf>~”v3tctioh

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fr9~:‘.~‘-’t'__3' out “2* 39.0. '2“: r; 33'."1"'1_l_'; ““1"“?"70‘, ~31”:- at hr: Cr'“"‘.tR 9 *‘1’rt
«2'33 Phi-‘3’] 1‘; '7': 11- a??? ‘r 3’. 7-H”: vac-7'25 fie”: {11. ml]. 01+. 4" “11'
1'19"! cf 1“ a"??? “'1' '1: P".“:tq r'wfir?‘ t’r‘. v"? t r! it * 1”“? alart 21“???“
P“? we r3“ fl"’“T‘Cfr' it“. t‘e Fntr'if "fin": "'1’ 1c? ' 1""?! 11*..5..>:-=~?.

"

“:8 t? c: 3“'l‘.r“1"tr {17). “r: is: Fir?" 1;: A ”M. ‘1‘ ‘tim' C7T”"“n:~' t7 vii-hit
Euphras. T" 6: t‘--::‘.:'.-? ;r‘- «PP? mt. iz‘xmevtre ’3 " f'“t'1 V1119.“ cf {MIT-f <---_~1--’;,
but wart-rely 911515 it fr)“:- r-r.ae ..,]f. to «yr-Airr. The“ 9 «"1 ‘Jltir‘f‘t-“ly
wax”!!! in n trrr‘e sf cuchvrmrfz m-trxr“ .r’pvlr rs, m“ Nrfiflt? n? “7:. r‘f-.?
P"rt#m i? r étlv nu: fictrimentel.

fin. t? in? sf tire «marries: rmtwrtea we :7»? E‘it’fif‘S in t‘rv r2—

rmrt'vrt }‘-"?9€G. In. awrr’er t”: emu ”11%. i“ “-6 2-“ rfiwmr't wr-n Hta ww-

' ' .3 ... . v ‘ . ..,..
Visas-21’)?! of ti? Lt‘r 3-131. he brCEW‘d. m ”"11! 03*"??? tn“- sec»: '3“ "5'

niwi‘n 13 evm‘wiva. 'i‘ne cm» ?'€‘8 rouo-rtrrl '1"er t? (7 _'1_""i*_'~‘_‘r ro—

f-O.
:I
‘5
6‘.)

(39in ‘7‘“. !’~711"'z‘s C‘s-In. bmws fa“? 't'r'i'irzsinn to 79.11 mil? in t‘ a? 13"”‘1‘t' frat

\

“I
7.9
a

"519m rm Pfivewl mti'oc‘s cf t*-nr¢*~rtirx~ milk to cities. V2»

.. ‘ . ‘v- 3 .fi - \ ‘n . I. I! -. 1‘-
1am“; hauls 15"; «71-9 r 1“??? v ~11 9 of 9‘11. 1!? 1;. LP tum”: 5Tb"?! #152 t' 7‘ Chr
1" Ho "mt. ev‘."r*.sr:1:r~1 r*~'~{t‘; a”. Tun": tf‘izvr‘.’ a: ...". «Mr?! "..:‘-'-?('.. "Trim 3m???-

'1‘? fiii'Y‘t-“P rm" V‘1"FF..=‘ is: 122?. 53’) ffl’rfit. "‘"1‘:

IL

twee: ‘ "v" 1-?an 1*”?!‘103
t3 ‘zt'vul mi?“ "'3 f??? 9‘3 3"“ 32:11??? Etc (‘7' if‘.""o if ff)- !" '-' >"‘~" i'fli’tH‘N’S
3711?: for Us». 1‘“ 10°?0 "rift-t 19. 1.23%}: 16-6 “t C"?::9.1~§.rv~1’r;t? fr?“ *"- in?! it is
hauled int”: 1.??? city in ehraes. In CUP? 131:1”."“.‘“.CE'9 9.39. "11}: 13?”:266

into the city in 0139 «ism it is '3‘;tt1.~'d czar? 311:3.

.v

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C
5

if dwcers' bfir’QXELRF asseci $1723 1¢V° fiwcn“e ef? chive $3

a mwr-Lzetin" {it"W‘CIy’ 13: 339 nhst few 2797.1‘8 (1.). 1%: 9:42“? an??? :30 fluig‘.
silk for a city is furniahfld rn‘irely t3*aufh such or“"ni””tidns {?3) (1).
These BSS‘Ciotivfis are orvvnizutiAns of brqfizcrrs win 2911 911 t3v1r

milk tlrouwh thrir associwtions, tin: receivinr the tvnofit of t1? bar-
rfiini“g finwnr of t;? group.

i tail distrilu’ors "a; he C1"srifi~fi Lats tr? PrOWVF. First,

‘-
3.

...o'o

'nr09ucer-3i.trivutar3, and aecnufl dgélnr-éistrifwt rs. Tie :rw41ccrb e
trikntnr, 99 th" e??? imtlifis, is was $10 rrofiucea pUrt, or all, of tie
rilk wEic: he fil?*?i‘st?s. fihn fienler-disfriittfir buys, proc¢ases, find
sells the milg.

3 rho: {1;} st ted, “Only in 9 «11 tnwn wnrkrtg 1a ti? ffirwcr g

chtgr in tie milk flirtri‘wtion hzclnvar. In tie mAflern milk market tie

41
d
cf
0'
a
("Q’
....
CD

fnrrcr is n ‘rt‘wcer ?f wilh. T3? bnginesa of t Kin: Eis trey:
CC?SW*°I muvt ht t1“??d aver ti flwmfl n¥1rr “C’Tfly-u i? clfies increfiae
in 51?6 tLe tftth of Efirnar's statvmnnt‘196)cea increwslfifily ohviows.
Yst t?e stfit?"eat “33 not be entirely trio in n11 infitcices. Sfierccr
9} mad that n19r1y p11 of the 313 rWW rilfi Paelérs in TCS knvrlns rare
rroducers (33). Ye 'lso c?c?93 t‘nt f‘Gv 3:1a #1 * 21‘08t entirrly in
tre outs'lrts cf tin city.

A. St.1=";‘_~' by Paws {17) Of 911.1?" :-.'-'~r‘"r‘t.i_7‘r' 1n 9,“tt,rn"‘v.715.t"n ‘70“! Jay.

q

aey 8&0”93 t3”t tlrwe w??? f3 denier-niqfrih«'érs find ~03 ferler-Fnfifiwcnra.

TLe 33 dealer-disflrilmt~rs Frn led 9,9;2,?‘O f'rty ewnrt cwvs of 3.5 bar

cert milk, or its equivalent, ppr yesr, "rile the rrs3ccer—d§strihwflérs

h-n'led 1,1fl,fi¢“ C“fls. TEe 6?“ler-3l9tri?1t r T”ninr9? v vied freatly

" I

in 8176. ?"Pfit9'tw0 of £19 33 69i1 rs . n‘lsfi E: v'r crnt 0f all tie

‘

.ilk h-n led in t3? "¢*Vrt Tie fiefiler-vrz’nncr tlv’vrsv trnhed tn r?*?in

a

a one mfin burinvs‘. Din-fptrtb of 91] t1? r“?flvcbr-£¢n1rrs s31” Inc: tf~n
‘v- * . ‘~ .‘ § - .\ w -
two fid—Qu?rt c-ns of milx pnr any, ‘ne-z-lz 931% 19¢: t «n 1:3” “a? t #60-

f urtks 931$ 153% turn olrft c~nz 3éily. as tie {uninrpg 1pc«~pg 1,“y r,

2‘

C
.J

one man dnvuzes all big tire to fliatvilatign. Oily five far cent of tFQ
profucer-aefilfirfi 3319 mare ticn :3 c“ns of wilk per day.

Prad1cer—flistr:§ utnra 12n519€ 33 pfir cent cf tie rfiw mil: in
t213 market (17). It t2““¢‘3* , so? a g?n2=lln t3"t a éecrvare in t?e
number of froducar-aistritutars *0u13 rcrzlt in a TPC?9“SG 1n t1.e 2219
of raw milk in tF1s a?en.

{are (17) t‘c1"“twd a dvcr9n9 we in the r322nr of pro "fir-21"-
trilatcra far :2” fyllowin: r 1:393: FLrst, rs 612999 From 129 3299 of
pradzctiJn is chW’md f rtlnr f??? tEo c 2 tar? 9f Cirraflfitian, so thflt
the Eaulina alatwnce is F-nrt r. 290723, 1 rwer citing wlll farce tifl
TGEJV‘I of rnir'ls fram thb city ovrn £2312 afive ""‘cherc mi at be gwfie
t2.) c‘mtinu? t) W lit'izfi 3".‘11'59 smz-‘f-"ecvflg‘y in tit? city. ’1": 1'39, 215"}: fi'tr‘n—
éwrfs of inaprctian will fare? 2r Racers cut 3f cities. ?3urth, it is
fioabtful 1f une c~n to 9: e? icient $933229? qnfl an efficient Bistrirutér
at $19 8“W* tlae. Fifth, t}? Pfins 9f *‘9 hrcrout 99315r3 h??? ”fififl ifita
oiflar 2151299 , s= t}“t tin brainnsfi will 616 ant ~2 pvcnnnt f? 5199?.
fiist3121t3rs rrtirfi. Si :2, a fi2cre2 i“? non~W2=t£nn o? raw vi15, rrice
cutti"r, “n1 incr92359? saverity of CWWfi?fE*ifin ?111 cn269 3‘29 "réfiucar-

5+:i23t3rs t) vtt ‘rfiw fr32.n the m rr“t.

’ciall 2n1 Eedrick {32) obs’rVCd tact *2. "réiucer-aistriBQt r
Op:r rntes un?cr e sz~92?*t.‘172wvww.32t cf C nfiiti as «n’ is t7*?2f:ve 2*t
BJEJPct t t2? :220 C2wv~tit1V9 furces In t“9 2-22 awrree t32t t?9 fiewlor~
diftrib tar aefts. Cznroligfitizm of 6i?tritat3rs 229 2993 rain" an raii¢r

q

ra2£i13’8urinv tfie 1 at for 3““r? 22? t2 t?s inrrnésin" c *fifititian “?V?g

...!

fiistrilqt3rs. S”~11, ?'0r1: f? “2693 distri‘m“?a vill b5 fsrca’ wnt at

tin .‘i’ C-2"':'s2"tit1122‘2.

l)
22%
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‘~. '2 . I: . - w. 2 ~_’....; .. v.2. .. 9 .~' -".-‘; -. . ..
In a gtl~r of iodr Ear inia m 2” t3 2'224n 52a ;*;12r :_J) f.ILR
‘ . ‘ f. _ ‘ f ‘ .-‘ . . p :‘Q_.‘.. ._
t'?t L29 922vices r 98r¢FJ by 1'222 ,ucvr-fiifitrzfitfors 993 69219r—522tr23224r3

* ' .- ‘ \u-i \. 1 ‘ . I. ' 1' ‘ ' .
29r9 ea9antiallj the 2‘ o. 7355 ,rngnefi 311% A? L’vfi 2322

s
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V v

k: . , .. ‘ ... . u .x ‘ .' .. .>_ . ,, . V ’
. .. o

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Lg” 0
'. "-.. ." ..f' "..."b. 1 T 2... ..,.-,"-. "‘, "_"’ ... ,' _. '1'. ’.. ‘.
hy t.o.r3¢2:92 2: L3. n t,e r.g<a31: c;'xvg K'LL?~WH9f12& 21! a
5:22»: W25", 3:33 C?’ t-“':.:‘«.“'»4 C :‘311'. .
n": a‘ ‘I‘ , 3 I'- '- ' - t,‘ :1 ‘1 1 l
l'. l"t4’ "::'; 1L'~ r-(v- ;':L L‘lJl‘a ‘ o ‘5" 1‘ r- .LfitI-u «A4 : r8

‘.. .-- I . n .. #1.. -'2 222.-.. " ‘ .. . ,: ... . 1' .. .. :22 . .‘
1112222219 2:71 11,? - "r" 911‘. 31.7 i .1..,-r ( .). 2:.- .1 i, «7' , . 9:. 2r- . L It 12,; . 1', rs
2:? :11 3? tap 20:19r-37322-’zi‘rs 9 cent 399 wast91r129£ t'sirauilh.

Fi~3t of ti? T? flwcar~fiwtrifintar3 celivernd r11? t2iaa r 32?, 23119 qffia

of tkq nt2nrs m2‘e a vréciice 2f 9911v9212" t ice * ”2y aniy '9 lat ‘r~fie

_ .. .. I ‘. \. ~ . 1",” ~ . -.. .2 .122... . 5.532 - .
trnl zt3r3'rms C no Ly 2ir9i «rivvrn. .‘u‘ 2n'lvr-5935v‘ 2 -r3 r221v=r93

s. o ‘ ~\ -... ‘ '~~ -. vhf fl
e.ch dfif. .98 “9‘: w“- 15tri ‘t‘r . e a “131 1 412 f3.
' ‘~2 ~- ~ ~. ~ ”2 " . , .9 2
a,\3..)7'*;1." t; . "‘ 2.in " '3 find-171" . 7) t " “" 1“ "‘ V"1‘2" ’1 t G
‘2 3' ‘ 3 .:.~.. ... -’ "7"! 22 ‘. i . ..W .17 2.- :2“
85 Lcr-r1?tr2?1t~r ’ e $-29snt r23 ,;,_w,.&$, the 29 at v422lee qeng

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7'1103 n29 ;3: fly 922c1‘1 nxli rr2C’3vas n’ BVLstry a at~2~nt. a
'1 n . o- .c * . .. - K. c a \ 1 4 I I. . . v w 4-. t. . g . - I -_ . ‘- fl '» .' ‘ a 2" yr».
:9vlus-nlvts1 liq? L“fl 3.1312229t v.1aac c: 123-2-29 t3 Llre a n :2 r.

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H2 —. ,." v.2 .- -" 1.. .22 .. a: 4_ 2-. 2..
5:.5‘ 722V: 1‘ PE If? «"“LE...” 92 S‘w‘ f4“ ‘35 t.~;" “”7: ‘.11."~"T"'-.. L?f7"22.21b~‘r ‘3‘“..‘3

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3-33 cents p“? fiafirt, 23119 tint of t?“ Efi¢1¥?-’1Sfi?i‘itfif V‘Q “-C3 C”nt3

Pvr quart. 2.9 ”avar'r¢ 9129 “f 19'", rizt tee «ram mnékrt, wilvn va¢rré

“a4 time r9"wivbfl for ”‘Eivrry 9' ~?31“ miifi.hv T? ¢“n’ficcr-3lsifiiiziévg

c» _'

'4.

9 I X ,. ,_" ’ ' .3 _ ,l—t. c. P.’ v' . 21%. r.\
“hi 1‘1: d0212r3 1n 1|2r V r“2ngq 212123 12 1f,3”, in ~2v~n 1n *4? w1--

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10219? $2319 tiff” fro? Vivfiinia ArricmitWrdl 7V°9922 Lt ”tfifirn gull’t n

9?5 (T).

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J

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O

. «I.
. ‘Lv _‘ r‘ {-_.e "'va cinn- 'f‘e 5.4.1.:1 r, pg 5 yr. r“ Fe

City ‘hx-“mr ‘T-ii'e of Eist'frxce Ribs gar-2' The :sf
To 13. 'T’rz'stft I?".':‘-1:"ht 71‘;th 11315.23‘1’

---a-a-

fl

‘n- "' v ‘‘1‘" " .:--
3‘13. S .»;..~..:1‘ T-Ju'ffi

‘nmlm ivtrUJw rs;
1"

79C or; a?! 13 33 3.5 1T-3 7-3
Fpteralurg 3 33 2-0 1b-0 h-Q
Iyncqu,g 6 53 3-9 15°” 3‘?
vrigte 1 11 51 3.0 25.? 3.4

Imaler'Di atrifi [tars in
taree cities

GK
(3
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fins. 'V‘ ~{.‘..

{1;

- ‘6‘! -1 ‘9. . 9- v - . 9r, ‘
1f w';;n~ ‘.r LIIA b: ECCIEr-FL.’CI-
C. #- .’. -‘ ‘9 " ."~1 '_"-\ ~ ‘_- l‘. - , ‘9 ' QR. , Q-\,'- .-—~ 1. ‘~ «1 ~. 0‘. .0; ~

‘sJ.t.._rg. P gum; r?- : ‘Fzfifid ...-:1 tr}: t 1“ “311...: .v (hr 6; he .28. ..cer, tie

; .

rantt”tlin uF 9‘? “$05HCQP {fir *rs‘wci*r C‘C? “*1”

391? r" r69 t “:c “ uri”;v: CCI‘SCC *TiCT. “?C d‘:tr€*:ffirfi #"nézCfl ta
til? I" {"11 C“1:"':3”1 =2“: f1??? -.-;-11 {E.r“*dzéif'. 237’. will, Tut {Eire ‘2‘“3 SCV"I‘0
CrECC cattitv ~C§ f
It is tlfi avifivr of Sthfin “a? TC If? t1Ct rrqfincrrn sat“? tla
rCtCil KanCts fur t?” {311 Ci“? “3319! T TCt, f*fi REFF'CCrnfi tCt (”3

Se W7539fi"1€ "r” rCtCil ”FICGo T113 fivrevfi i7 C0 €?€’t t'Ct if

I”?

tCCctivC t: tic“. Chainf, yrs accrs rCCCive a tatterfrt 33FTcrcfiti€1
For e*ch faint if ifitiCCf't nlévé or 1“327 “ F‘“r r‘“ CC21+ Cr: Cinca tFC§
"an «911 C11? an t?r sirefit witEomt r"CC vi“? t?" VCCCIty {fir 1% Cr {fict-
tug milk tiey a: an. Tlird, tTC cast cf Ffttfi‘wiinn Fwy au<w fiis’r111-
tors is VCr; ITW. F art?, fi?"; 69 art h“?“ t? 1'st'nri"e t?ri? ”reinct.
Fifth, clay own utili"e t Cir f*~ily 1 Kit.

.Cw Cost hf distri‘utiun vws ffiqr3 ta Te ‘“fl t0 Fair e"uxk. fit

arsng frzfgcrr*flist"iittars (“3). 53 a r:nth a? infrvier e~uiwmrfit +‘ny

re of: CrinC For gmle a punter marlity 0f *rn‘wct. I? tkfige vw"k~ts

rem; ired L231: all milk a 'C:C.st.e'-z:'i*:(>a, it "I e‘r.1'~:'i:1-"te '.""‘;'l;7 of fine Cro-
ducer-Cis»r*'Ct re. Few cf the pro 1cer-fiis‘C12‘trs k on baa}:a tax an
and Taylor believed fCrmers 40 nvt kfifl¥ 12w much they 1330 in VClufillp tifie
which m1 ht be mwt on crop proiuctlon on anns. Tley smv=ostna tht Fawlcr-
diztributorsw i-“it eliainpte t‘fi triflucer-fllstribmtcr by dacrenainC fi‘o

enread bntmenn t?e Crice thry pay for'milk Cad tko Cries rtw HcL they 9911

‘4-

it, by e.-'_‘1t:;1t. in,” far a kii'rrm MAC-lit}: of II: 13:, by stfizfiit‘z-C the brzttle C'f‘s
with a ruCrenteed nercentCze of tn eCf.2 t or by h2v1ns resorts of inatte-
tisn 12111112103. "he rm" ‘cpC-r‘19+r1b 1t r is nLt jfm‘i Had he GCCCCingi tie
f t fiiffe ewti21 pen n21ty for 10: t at rilk by srll in" it on t?e stre2t at
the same price as righer cablity'milk. EEC praflucvr-fiistrlfdtar is juvti-
fied only wien thC distrifintifiy :2r in is r1?e, a: v‘nn La 19 h nfilinfi a
lCrge vol-we 3f Tish qunlity milk with an aCule 3&Cfily cf 1 Ear.

text-3n and “Earl-3r c-‘-nC1'-1.'9'3 that :1": 111?: in tfieze t‘fiz‘isets‘rel‘e
due to, flr2t, too wi‘e a sprefié b”t“0$fi prn’acCr rnfi 0 next r; Cncwnd,
tao wiée a sfrvrd between Ease Cnfl SAC‘lus Crice; "ma tlird, irCCCul City
of “ra’zctitn, reszltinC in a CIVCretan of erfiet milk for m~nuf2ct1riuy
turCoses.

fc’ri‘e (2;) stifliod fuur tyCicrln 2 i1: m fieta 1n nfiCt CCctCrn
Ohio. ‘LC first if tECse who ECtt Pnlfiftiu“, kCViCC a Cstulétian n? at 1t
},c?O. The frrrs in tP1a area were 6'811 233 CCirviny Chg prCcfinC6 fCirly
inteng iV21y. Fif v-tCo Car CCnt of £79 1112 CCJ‘Cced is 901'3 as Chole r112.

In 1'93, 17 of tho f“. "C's were a-‘rr'wed t5! t'e Bfitd of ITCClth of E't'st 3"‘1-

estine 23 sources Sf fluid milk fur the cftv. qurtenn 3f tknsc fCC"3 OCC—
1/

Pal
‘
4-

['9-

m I

rctnd milk r2utCs 12 t}? city “*‘Cr tifiaw f"?V$ Bali milk tn
89C? of £7636 IC.
-. V v H :5
Tte a lag at tynso donlCrs VqC1C£ 130w 4? to 123 Cuvrts CC? 32y.

‘0 9, ‘R

The avorfife‘wag 33 nufirtg pa" Bay. In r11 67808 firtxv-ry "Cs R~2' Cy C C11

trucks or tvuring CCrs. CEich wrre us2d far ntfvr "urvsrCs on tnC £222.
The averige Vain 2f e‘ui2mnnt u225 8?Clufiivel;f 3:? EEG mix? distri~

I ‘v 9 "-
buexneas was $93.30. 3339 cf t;e 2:11:223 ? staurizefi.

I

1-3
9

'- 2'1112C CCECP 2f EEC milk 222 11 cents a "12rt 223 tie

v. !‘

price pnid far tICt Cure Cead was c: mtg 2 C 1122, 22 ETCE EEC nv‘rvre
distCiEutw d a "CHI 2 i .co":c Cf TC. ? fir his lCEor a: alstributisn r25
ass of 22211332 ‘nt. 2e 5-2 rfar‘. {.2 122 no "3.1='"~-":8'7.t1-’m to cut price «32' E2
incre se bzazneas on tie r -rt cf “20 t2 92 so C2212 c~122
2 disCrCCCCCCCCt of tE2iC £222 CC2¢C22. *ana of E72 filatriEutcrs rezuiycm
mare tEsn One-E If fiCy ta €511??? V11? "a” CSC2CJ t3 CCCCCCCEECN of t‘e

Cilk ftr Mi Ni £122.

.0 O ". ...-'1‘
‘ 0A 2.1;? 6.5.:

.r1 8, 232112? t3 figi Gut EEC i‘free Cf 2t.uilit;

businsss 1n F'st 321253212, csllzctré d2t 2 C1 2 f2? lEEE 229 1379 to 222-
. A.,.r . s, a t .

33°11: with t: e .1; 0 art 2.21.315: .21“- 2 2121: 1‘7"; 12‘: fr 110223.212? {2.23.12 t". 2212

‘ -'- . u. - ' . a -.-.
fror Ohio Enllotin 423, "Tie 92221222 at 2f :«rr’t .113 {CCCG in 133th-

3 Mn GE 10 ”

q

"Vet2ilers CnCrCtinf 222 Price PrivyiliCC f2r Fllk in ‘Cst

E2193t12e, 13:5, :“3, “n§ 1:79-”

 

 

Earma unfier Roard Cf E221th Infipfiction 17 20 20
Farmer r2t2112r2 3211123 12 the mCCEat 13 13 In

Eilk:de21@rs orCrnting in H :krt o 1 1

2N
t‘o’

Rf!

”rice paia pnr g~llon to farmers 25 2
‘H \
Retail price - qu rte 12 1h 14

- pints 7 7 7

('0
M— .-.-~.J ..." 7.9.}. '7. 9 ,1 ¢,‘ ,. 'p, . '1'.” f1, _ u ._ _ p
.3 m: -: r u 10 m 6: 5:491:31 ".75 ~7rr-7n, -.1 i}. warn 13

an 1n’u38r1?1 city with a p0fiul”713n a! 33,5?fi in 1273. T10 fwrvcr: 1;
the are: G'rry on a very ifit n 1?? 371ry 7T777fifl 7n? tra31c9'm11? f»? in
excess of 173‘1 nnofis. Tie Cir“1u3 o7¢r 173 1 ncrfls gees Etta tie C‘»:ve-
1:23 333 I1‘?: arrb m772rtr.

'3

Tie city i3 n~t r0711re t~ztr 1T17Tt1)n in 1‘73. All the wilk
;1*nt3 SI“ 1;ifi* ?: M 11; t3 t city "rrr vi iiPd rnd 37 P”? C¢nt

vere fauna to Te p73trqriflnr milk. Tan 33? cart #78 nvithrr pfist9uri'ed

'

“7r frefi tutercalin tattee ?rr33. At tFe ? ringing of 1735 thnre were 33
divtri ”H‘s in t‘ e m'-..r:.,"t 1:; '3'! 7271 ”793-9 é$*71€'7~339tri271f7rs «r73 14

q

Ware nrzflunvrz. Tic prAJwrer-‘ivtr ri;thrg livnd on.7~fr1?th to 17 milfig
fr?" 1319 City 7,1139 7”‘1‘” 1": (‘3 lf?“~'~""z. "ir17.*vt'7rs 3*":17':.".1-."-;fte "3'21; 01' t‘v—ir
Sufi 1y fr<1 tin 771r“rsu's C? v“? ttvq

rHtive tenacintian cf n: ’“cch nr~7ni~?* far t3? Tarvefle 3f cramping

greet‘r bflT771117; var“? in tho m7rvst.

-q

4
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37:»- r‘_7“t gf‘zjir‘fi. 7"? ,"<‘."‘:‘i\1.e ‘5'“?! C"13t.‘7n, {775.73. ‘7‘ 58 i".-
rlso an ixiustriwl city, 7113 g pcjil-+i n 3? 173,730 in 17"5 *wfl 11f,77§
in 13 S. Trrre is a ctrang c.117ct1vn t~r~fiini7~ SS77Ci7flfin of rr37177rs
in the “reg. Tris rev-ci'ticn hfis f43v7¢lvfi 0*trc r112 78 Head ea -rd tfie
Citation Milan ."-"'~7“? Ct"??? '27- trad ever" 17." t‘. ’. sf 1;»??ICPI'3 E-Mrs’z f.x:"7:i;7:;_:‘~z_1
extra rilk as necded vné tfe C7fitfn dealers krve rurc‘nsrd all tFnir gm»-
p119: tirowrk tie 3977¢17t10n.

Clevel7ni “~rkvt 13 t1? f.¢*fh m~ 3;? thfFQE by 7 7riue. The
fowLI-tinn of thn Clnvrlan mytrnwslli n arcs in $511 ever 1,077,703
reorln. 71th no rrwfit a TO;11“iQfl 017v71~73 efifilors evt‘TIFahra ehi"*in§
st7tion8 '1V1n" t1" w'?i%4 frow 173% to 1357. 77:6 inc? ction V58 hfi~un
in 1370 and licermrs Err? £33197 tn 91~nts in 177:7 . Cl‘v“?~rd ofl7btnd
Banitn y cafie in 13“O vnfi 'rrafi9d it in lfiij to rncernire :79 incr9~s mg

importance of trwc 53 a tr~nweart°tisn «v hay. In 9? rot, trnc?s wry

I!)

brins milk into Cleveland w1+haut trv~cQ31ing in cuuntry p1 mtg, provified
1t c"n be brgayht in wifilin t7o haura "r is profidced within 30 miles of

the city. Tie city inaficctova t 39 it far gr~rtwa tkvt m71k:mw?a t?an.h0

I."
t‘r‘

miles from re city c~nn0t ha trucked in in lrss tiqn tro Laura.
Plasts {my be inat‘ectaei by Cleve. 17779- in 1377.90.31! "an" ”"“”~t‘i’:V€d

b.3570 t??? Fifi". fine f“T‘;‘f:5 f‘zr'nir} 5.71.53 1:? ’27:: ”"1257: 71:112.. 'i‘E-is prficeffilm why

04'.

.‘pa

n-L: LL 0

Cause mar? milk to he bran ht into the wilk a

7%
;

intractian 9:76:33
13 great f3r Cl:«t:~vr=1~:zzfi m at €19. {are svnt 121776 a. fee 1:; cfzfim‘ed f'ér ins'e‘ec-
tion of farms or pl¢nte *ore than 130 miles frwn the city.

Tbs durstion of delivery ev~nnne or of éistriFitsra' marrin hos

‘ ‘

raised mu"h cawnint. Ecdrick una havera n (1:) m ntiahca the f7ct timt

‘

censmmera and newsrfinerfi criticise the ristribatzrg in fivtr it far h7vivr

L . 2' v, ,. . .7 v \.
a mono cly on tL? milk bls.nrsa, éni in tLé sxme 2r72912 cslticise t-om
far tle 8Ft7¢V77"fiCQ cf 5 10min? w~~ar3 at several fievlars an tfla 97~e

stre t. Yet, as Infirick rnfi Aflfl7r$on pointfd nut, t;& 99~C‘1103 "crate

kaula" cwnnot he vary QV'ewcive aiwce ti? {7‘71 delzv~rg cnsf, #5 deter-

3

.ined hy RCCOWfltfifitB, wag 1.? e“fita var Tvtfilo. E PP“? {17) m7ntiwww1

Q4

th~t 8*me an licntivn V69 firefisxnrv if V? wink to Lave a cwmwetitxve egg-

FFWWNVII {6) r038 vii? t?9 milk w¢flwv3 of evnrw £7710: in
Irnsitv, Kfilflffln33, 7nd Flint. K9 corp rai thfi *médtt 0f totvl, nrces—
awry, rn- firrliCntlan cf r ate as rh‘wn in thfi fulls*ing

tr¥1a {ram Fic?1r°n itate Cwllnye S~eci51 Twllctin 111, ”7t17199 in City

311k Dietrihdtion".

 

U.
”54:212'731‘1330f Ac t=2z=1 421-3 '23:” EC 1. :73 of Iicliw‘ry
T3 Obtain Am.unt of Uhn3cessfiry LQ‘J11CVti n in Eulivpry."

szctwl ‘23t'1 Tlx-orcticrl !,f}EnFCC€=gs‘W
City DUL1163t ion Hacrgsnry implicfitixn Duriic7ti3n

 

 

Eleic- :;:r 7
31133. $1133. Vii 3.
3 9‘
X” igmazoo E'Zf}. 5005 "‘32 fv.13
. a " I.
Irnsing 232.; 31.73 1 1.12 73.~1

Flint 373.75 137.75 131. =3 37.52

 

F‘rrfgwngll f.j_-u_fy‘- van 3. flamlirri-tinn 1‘7‘17'1‘0'8C'Rt73a (:3 it‘fly t?- 52 (33-77393
of enrvice ’e7~*’ed by c 37133“ a, and tTHt it y‘fl v*:y 11tt13 r31~tion to
cast. 5130, tiers $33 no 3317313n b t 33m ufirocefiv“?” ”33323 337 unneces-
sary 23.1133. ’3.“ 3 7' 31‘ 03-211; of 1.7" 773177157- S“‘JZ.I.‘-" which '1*"‘,..t be effhctefi. by
“3:12: 17': '31" a t." e~t-Tr:"1::"1 2:77-33:33 3'.” 3's.':tt"":.?-tzti)n 17: ° W) in t‘m 33117-12133
t«:le tfifien from Pfic‘i- n it to Cpl] $3 7 'c' 1111 tin 111,” .t 3135 in

'?k t 153:1}. T). Ulstrv $1311."
“7319 T3313 $P3ms tPa 741'ti7n nf Zanrcenq~rv 7. one
and Uhneceanzrv invlic7ti n t3 tfle Parcer.t~re of

23v mg cf Tutwl ?i13: Cvets if acted by the
Fictfl‘izli'73im int of '7. 7‘}.<=CsretiC' 13.121717}; :tlz-g ST'istxrn."

 

UfinficesSfiry .“fihrenv'ry Feasible
3‘ ’- 17 3 "'8. ."L‘JIZ a 551v 5.342:

f 7
~34: i: 2’-

City

 

£31 fimazao

I .I
O
H

K2!

4
O
' .3
.3."

K»!
O

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U‘\

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Iynging 73.~1 a*.7£ 9.23

Flint 33.62 35.33 2.03

 

'41:: r. , ,., a , .. ‘— 3. \ ..~. ‘ ...9‘ .o a L .. . - . ‘ . . -.. ‘., 3 . _ “
g, 1" 'g.~' I' ‘. 1 ( 13‘-" . u .:-. “I -. 5;. .’..'.‘..- r 7' t- ' .3 fl; :3 L 5... L333 6‘ 1.“; ,.' 13 t; ‘3
‘ . n n 'n‘, .-. 00-: -‘« 4 A I ‘ ‘_ a‘ iyr ... . ‘ ‘ V. . l. -- , .n . ‘ . ‘ ‘.
3’11).L “Min” .1 .t be 91.3f.t~ 4 313 ‘. : {~3. 5.v *3r3.4~11.3, in'?3¢

U

""83 (‘2’) 331w” mt fru‘t t3 «mm. a...

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‘ . 4- . ' 1‘ ‘ " ,9 - . 9
Trntwse wt“ * .3 1' r ” aiztr‘z‘. 1hr in . .. 3 c . 7' . ' 1 311 L :3
c - c‘x '. , s .w . ' a» -‘- 1 , o ‘,‘. . Q .‘
“31:2fice933m3*fiju fzsfiLr1,ttT,vnor€-a*.£ -'2' c '1H?I'fl taci‘xnd

5

altzst rat3331y on sired ls'or. ”~33 n~ifl tT~t 3333 it 3*t f3? t'ia f at

ya

tlr 35:11 98313? 30313 be elixin'ted {rev tTe r 0 city fivJWntn. 2.3
13:53 ?3vlrr 37$ eiutfinvnt to L 3‘13 91? lug merr c?fcc*ivsly thcn the
a 311 fi3¢13r. ?L3 3123 of 219.333" F9331T€3 ty :1 Err u? v«- 15, thirfl
fran one ta 1??? 13 C ic=30.

Ttrtletfi (3) Tfflti' "fl t‘v ffict t‘3t f"?:”rs 3339 331311“ tie

031‘ 3

.. .‘- - O ... .‘C n ‘7 . fl ~ . q‘ M a I v I
«13tr1ratare in a ty'n of 3.3:“ 332-13 -3< 3113n t_:y “3:3 3‘3 «‘.3f
O

{...

q

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D *. I
7'."u-”1.

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y

uturs in t§WflG of f “93 “PUT13

$13 r3331n r’crivcd by 513tr133t2r5't“3 b233 €13 sxtj‘nt a?
much digcmzsion. Fax? p133t9 in T3333 8t1dind by Crfiwfflrd (1”) ?'9‘“5
f?:t t73 tr:’:cnr rvc"iv€3 53.3 c fits nu” t‘e
tle etfismNEr': 541133. T3r 333333 pvt "u3rt T? 311? in anv'?31 fi"?k“t3

Q
‘l

:wn LY Cr'“ffiri 3% follows: TNI3S, 7-3 33 ts; Yenvrr, w.h cp~'9;

K355?“ City, 3.1 c fits: Pilréu?33, ?.% C‘?t9; :rtr~it 9.1 ccntr: 3n£
. . f. a 1 ‘W’ . .
Linfiffirolls, 5.u C33t1. In f-ur Illlntin nfirrcts (i) 91.9 c3nta of the

. - ~ I ’
constmer'u acllrr mat t- 2.1;: *‘T'LrY'IM? to 3‘ 2' 132-311;. Star-cow 33:3)

2r srv~r'l cit13s '

71'}

5339 file fiistri55tcrs' rtr“in an 3*9t3231“34 mil?
Follows: L03 3233133, M9 rrr Cfifit: 0311“n3, 57.4 3*? c -t; n~n fiyawo «as,
h5.9 p3? cent: 3&5 ?ew
farrcrfi fin’ tfc r‘tqil trice af diff r'nt 9T3?£e 3f 311k fer J-xu3ry,

13:1, in 103 Anffilez fis 31<Tn in t13 fellawizv £3113 t"?3n frwm C“Ii’3”?ia

E“111013121 51}, "En “canéric Survny of the 209 1233139 F112 $3 k t."

lat Ins 533135163, J’ 361‘; I'M"

Grfido Fufling

n:
i. a“

3+ aim 9.9 2 ~

13:1.u

Belling

 

Cert‘ifind
11°rt 21
E132 1".6

G m rm t6 9 d
{wnrt 1?

flizt 7.3

GwfleA,wm

 

EPY'tICtt (a) 83‘V¢' if 43‘- f“.f$,‘1“‘-~1'o'\ (313-321;!!!

Ycrk nnfl ElttsFmréh 93 a? mm in tha fhllovinr

"1- (-51; ’l' . ’1. I I ‘1
t 3:. t .:- ‘1’! fE'IJ'..','; 17’311'7'2rfi1*

V*“13.A‘r1"17tvrfil ?'fi¢rir fit ftfitian ”Illvtin 3f1, ”1 Price Flvn €fir

Sellif? F11? L“ C)11@ctlve *nrkfiinifia firéfiniTPtififis.'

“Dietrl‘n Man of rice 27:33.3 Err T;-
Cguqumera at Few York oni iitt Vb

'"rt of 11 3"

11m~v1 Egg-igts H

--"':"-

 

Item Cents ppr‘Qunrt

Farmnr 5.?
Receiving St tifin .u5
Freiflht to City 1.1
Truck to Flvnt .45
Pasteuricinv and Bottling 1.6
Tana-Am: to Franc}.- 17.24.1539 .3

@111n:._nd Delivery “.2
Comjrvny net Profit .34

. t
Tne F-V-Cr"-;"e tries-9 mid by 151-0 Cawmwr was 14

Per cent Hf Tstnl

39.6
1m;
7.6
3.1

11.1
2.1

n
.219 .2

.11 carts.

 

01-99?er (11'?) 2123-7195. 829 8911991": 9 111199-911; in 91999.9 rink;
in large T031923 cities. 1:9 fmr‘d tTrgf-t {L90 9191.9 9.1972?! Ely K3989?! 1‘31’1‘9-
1iveny, six ufind 9913 £99913, 91119 three “"9 9999 and true a. 19

f':'und that tie 12-31‘39 6199.951 9992-9!) 119111911 :73 1‘ 1"‘1‘t 9'3’91”” '11:- thz trial:

12911196. 577 Q'lTFI't points. '5. 1.0939 1:91.119 22:: 99:3 9. track: tan,” 99.1115 321'}

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qwrt points - C 99.93: rd

 

999999 “"3431 'T7"~"13’-133 371-139?“ by ”"191.”1‘591t ’2": in. T. 33.999 9993 7;", in
9110. 391; in C‘iC're. 1 ; «n1 1- nw v 9: Cit , “92.
£133.93 9f C9993. ' ti n
In __ ,1. Q S w n 3 ('3 9 1. I1; -.. .' 1’" ’..”? 1_ff ‘..?"
9r_u.9t9n, .r19., wna wenuvfirt 9*) f ana t9~t in 1,“;: , 0,1u3

gullung of mill: were 0.21139.de in 5.314911. T..13 99111111196 t0 0:3 3919.133 1991'
Lug cr999 T193 {can t‘ t the 99? ca ita canaufiv-

th cc“. mgr-ml

L.

’.., . a r I I
2101‘: if 1911!: in 0;..1 rr‘r cent of the 95 E‘..’....z 1.9911 €1th 912:

f

1933 t?en one-991! pint of 9113 per 69y. In 19.3 99: 099% of £19 cities

J

I"

the '..‘Cr (:9: 145* (2:927:195t1'n 993 1191:9809; .'37'f:e~}2"1f 9:19? one (it: 991157. .3973?

,

‘ ‘ ‘ " .7 '~ r ‘- ‘ n ’ -‘ -. IN vw 3' fl ". 7“ t. - -. . v- 1 J -,
9190 01nd th:t t.9 av r'gv nail; c299999114n for 919199 95th a 999119 ivn

of 53,0PO or 9099 ~93 .533 flirts 99f far attics :f 1999 than 9,?CO its
average 3911; consumption 93

1 O

.7. .I a 7‘ 'I U U
903:; (2,) std-194’; the: Caz-9:19.99; {1.17m of 9211:: by - ;. £99 .11 .3 1n

Ev".

a 9911 to 60 Cliengo 99ctiun rna ay 2:11 infiilina in a peerer nactian of
the city. 39 f:unfi tr't tie cznruu“tion of milk par f mi y in t3 9 p9099r
W‘Ctitfrn 9.923 910% 21': 902' cent 939990? ti 9m in 1.19. 9:991’5‘2119-1' 91:51-39.

'1’ is vari: it; nzmy be firm t3 :3. 1"9991' 91979.9? 9f chil‘mn 99:- 1‘99113; or it

may $3..» 5219 to the frat, tint the nae??? 990910. reclir'e tfat 139:! mt {'I'Cfltfil‘

‘ A quart psint 150 swusrt cf milk 99 two piwta cf milk Gr 399 "unrt 9f

‘D;‘J.tt9r3:‘llk or 93219-13611 91:111. of C9993"-

** T90 truch were 99% 911 tan trnrks. $E9 91'9t “oivts 9%V9n 999 tfie
mm oer y.— .1 a 1"? tan of truck c'y'wcity-

 

fDOd 79135 fer thair m2ney in 9119. Tip ccnrmwitinn for tha ponrsr-enctifin

per family 993 1.§b hints 59% far tip 99:9 wealtEy fieciifin ”as 1.55 91993.

2—4

17mm 1533 {.0 "32}? tile izkcrerwae 12": 9' 9 91‘ "rats 9mg 1;} we tires
90 1-22-2121 93 the increase in 5-2919 of mrz'ts. Tire ‘5"1'} Cf certified 222113: 9:161
of buttermilk actually fircrenaed flaring tiis 999193, 9n” tEe 3910 of caffoe
Cream increased twice as f" at as: ’12:? $19 of 191219137299: Ci'enzh. "2‘193'9 999-3
9193, durin: this yerinfl, an enfirwiuz increwqe in the 3'19 91 099-?01f pints
cf milk to scLonls.

ruck of tie milk in gints W93 ctnsnred as n Levwrvve 1n rcstqurnrta
99% 399919. C9nveéwnrtly, tfiwwcr*twre effncta t}? 9918 of pinta V9ry rrnqtlg
(97). T?6 8°19 c? éqfirts of milk 993 Cli‘ltlv 11'999 9n iznffiy t’nn nilflr
39:9 of tkv 999k in tL9 C;icrro 999?:t {3}), 99-12119 b'c"1ce cf the f‘ct
£1399 910 art 91999 are 51r;n~ tha 998k 99t at 1 we on funfi'y.

$9193 9f 999*9 9999 very 11*h on Stnfi y as a: 93 1y Frawn'g stL‘y

Jf the F‘!‘.. :O‘ditt’ C3.1C‘.“'O, in“ ferria 9'31‘3913 C).

i

‘2

r
p

1998 {32) at"’19§ BEQS‘RTI V9r1°tiyn 9f $113 0:9"umfitiwn hfised on
999.1? rurch «es of cv¢r a 91111 n f fi111?8 in T99 Vaflk C ty. 19 eliminfitafl
£729 99"ch2‘. 9f 1‘::-:'.:" tum tz'w-"r’. 11911.1”I’s, 9....” (3’3: -;=.'f' 1.1.9 222mg: var-ir- {1.27:9 9nd
faund thfit tfie resultifig 90993991 vmrintign “99 $99 r sult of t9v9999ture
9n5 P09119t19n w¢va~rnt. T19 twttl £9153 5n99999ed in }at w=~timr unfil
achzal 999 out in June, tfen tPey fiacreqsefi RurEn9 tie rot wentx:
until $9;t‘513r, ~3rn 391901 0*:n'd 99~1n. TPriuiing with th? ocvnin: of
scheol, 59193 r999 until c013 «fittier 9‘92 tity 590*9cd off 99 cnunnm9rs
siift99 t3 £99 93» of Eot kevcrvrvs. anch 99 tfia «n‘ coff~e.

3333 fauna also thwt t‘ere 993 an 1m“ort“nt fifference in tie
5899:1131 vrrintion of (2:299:91!me 23? t1!!! ym'mg of "111'. in the 5'8"? Yin}:
1:99:91: (313.) "529 32"".216 B 9193 V"1‘1$’£1 in t‘z're 51-99299 9: 1.32:9 133199 of
£23129]. milk- ‘r/zr't 1:1" 123:»? rr’:de I“ mill: was 1.1.9628. 11:; :15 111‘s :‘1‘. C'rzf:tiii'1t9d

t?e 19r939t Vfilwa 9f 95: 999 yr=¢9 in t”? Y9? ?9rk ~"r*<t. @3999 A milk

”‘28 £1de {.15f13‘ 1 511101511 :fa-‘ 5195-12-33 :20]. “c.1115- 5219*: of {211" fie A 59.113
£511 off h5f1r5 505201 010996 5nd rage 51m0tiws thPr ccfinol o 555? in
the £31. 1'15 3915 of certifie :1 7.1 13.7: follow?! the vcrintitn of grade 11.
milk GYCPTt tiot it aecrefiaefi earlier in.t?£ 595153 and rape l’tor in
tie ffill- Csn~5mrt10n of certif15d milk gVowed a variatiun ffillOVififi
t1e 35 a n21 V9ri9tion in hirtla by the 1555*h of tfin 59::"1 nursinv
pvriod.

R 53 fcmnfl t‘aét th c new: tion of tints of Milk 9- qeff c196
by t°mger ttre vvry Interivlly, 1ut :19t it “i5 ”it 3093 to he so tr¢9t3y

ef'hcmr‘ 1‘13! t1” V'~("‘~*1m 9:91.011, since “1.111.212 5:55 1:23-15: 11951:? 1;; office

v.:~r‘.:ers 53 3 111112115 311 Lr‘vor"

(...
1290

191:0 3093.5 "!-".1 v'm 911311 of cmsurfi" 121 m of 55911-33 A and 11 will:

q

'-'-":‘-8 :r0 1. .c 1}: tie-"1 9'1": fir ti.“ 73+"? 1‘3“}: 1-1.3 0': 10150 m"- 91;5ts (“73). We.
(.9 9.11, vari 11:11 of 3:13.11: c «11.511.531.11311 in 2151.9? "3, 11.: ‘59:; 5‘11. U9. awn:- 1-3 in
Chianfio $27). 715 tat 1 5511: sales flaring «595 9359 were lower t15n
daily 35195 daring the rwat of tka 555?. 1h~evnr, tLa 59153 of CTeflT
were hiya on 3155133 in C?:c "n {32 val 1; Sew York 515y’wcre low on
'f’amfinyfi, 1111'. V‘“ 1'3 H '1“ on. S"’I'll"fl"§8. 1111”“; 120”“.55151 a £35m 59138 in. 11:11" .

.“.u5‘*isn 931 5' increase in C9515 c'nwu31tion in tie Fer Ycfik m9"1:t

(:1).

if}

€333 exnclafed 113 efizfly of 5551053 vhici effnct Beani far
171115 in 139.9: 1:137: Citv {27), 1:7: 5.. “531.1213, first, 519‘; t.r=-:'">y‘51‘9'(.'11‘a ”and

V5c9110n perioda are 521 5116? f1c trrs e;.ectinr 359a~n91 Viritt ion in

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meant. of 5.11175 2-13. crvm 711101165315 1-11211; sitfjtsly. '1‘- 1131, t‘ *1: £2 (:39. 1‘10-

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for anal;mzng the Fez: nd 13 a f ct;r in 52153.

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’..

$79 effect, 0? retril fir‘lr‘n (2'1“2’71‘9 in C" 41;," COT CHER." "1321 0‘? MP:

v9: “150 stuflied by ?;38. Fe canclgfled thrt, "£36 3? «:3 fgr Vilk 317w3

very little eifis‘icity w on tie c*rr1minr ruFiic Eecwrss scalstomcfl to a

A

.‘u

r9t*11 rrice VPick clrn¢ns Cccrri nfilly.' Sci‘5rf’1.

‘4
f \

:3) mf-“rr‘ed to
3388' etiur’y of Uge C3-iC'.‘".‘) r111”; Ly c- 1.71:1? «'tt r;’..im 131'; {.156 fret t‘. “..t an
increase cf fi 9 cent :br QTTTt for milk rrédced cwnramrficn one 9:? one-
h’lf pfir cvut *Eile a flflcreqse in price 3f one cont infire78vJ c"nswrrtixn
five—tantES to t"o pot csnt.

Iarfirr (13) cfofefi thvt :16 dWy to 5'3 V'?i“tiifia fire n3t tke
nary far Rifffirrvt Savlcra in tFQ m'“kft. Ia trad *n illwstrntion 0f tfo
fiefilore in tie Set? it «Prlrt, ‘nu 3f riom z‘arod finly a slifkt ”Pily
V1r1“tion in sélea an“ atzthrr dtcvei 2 i'ily v*?;vt1‘n 3f 31 var Chat.

‘*e“ly vgri¢tian3 9min: €c~1"rs in t”in #rr9<t Y??Q a1”? f?€“t, r'n"ing

:rswn \Q) f.und a rfinfe 3? 5'1;' 3"lcz for CT12%fo of fram

f1,

5‘ ' f ‘ I \ .
39.1 pfir crnt on satsre"y to 117.3 arr ernt on t9n5~y: for St. Lulis t}£
r 156 was ffOfl 3?.5 pvt afint on ?33wj to 1T7.S :rr cent on Setu‘dry: for

?60ris tre vmriwfion ”“3 frmn 93 arr cavt on 73925“y t3 137.5 yer cent

s 3 : .-*- 0 ,. .9._ ,. .~ . , 4‘ d": '.‘I' .- _- ..a.
on “Rt“? 03 "”7 $3? Luznc Y tuj V“?i tL a “a .rmn ug. ?nr Cunt gn Pwr-ny

to 1T7.9 pflr’0”nt an Tteaf”y.

Cl'"ent and ‘TYEOr (1) fYTnfi t%"t c=n3%~¢rs on a fir*ie*1 Eat? it
rctoil milk r 1tv an "n‘ed 235 vintq if vilk in cmfirt latt?va, ?“”
511: 13 pint E ttlfin, 13 vista 3f afirtlficfi at r Rifled x112, 75 fist: of

. r n ‘.- -. . - ‘. .o . ‘1 ') ‘ no ’.. “ ‘4‘ '~ . O ‘ ‘
ere m .n3 1» xlnts of {Attrrn1.; C1133. h-¢ce t.o vv<r ;“ r ate c fibrifiad

Bufl custammrs téis ir?1c"tes n P‘r c“ itn C”fi’1® tian at a litfle TV”? a

Iinir 9: bid rut*?or {21) c 119a 1n fine-fkirfl t1 sne‘k~lf of the

lrinlr‘ia t0 99:3?e in“or~vfién

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familiea intnrviewefi into scvnrfil incwne KrEW"g rn‘ fauhfi tkfit tla’wnll

per afiflt my"! mil? {3-2 tie 7:2? f*‘ili:3 ’1: 1? ?7r

.Q

q n‘
to do group usce.j,
cant “re {Jan 91“.:r t‘re griffin (fa-.5:- cr vsvrlt'xg f'vrili'qs.

Tigcty—t”o pa? cant cf '11 tTe tilt E;%‘Et 1? tlaze f~“ili€$ T 9
‘..

. - ‘5, ‘ V... .. .. ”,1 ‘ . A . ,3,_ a w.
rrrc-rcaé fr(w tEC r¢"¢~er if .6?, ~r t e tgt l *b 7;? concurrtian yer

fswily was 17.”: fiu:?t:. T~c? {Fri y 3rd an rv9r'w” a? 1.?7 clilfirnn Uflfer

\ ... .
1? yswrv of nrfi, @fi‘ 2 tfit“1 nu-her in t?n fvnily c #.;3 r5r£:mn. ?1ft;-
aijft per csnt of Ufose rho uéefi Praia A 711k st¢993 t‘at tiny used it '2-

couse it *"a “r:n?9r“, can E: her cvfit sf t?a n @70 Fifi nut age 5? fit A
‘n a. ‘9 W ‘. a ‘ '.-
m11£.gnve ”?2;cs' ?fl t.*1r rr‘3;u.

”‘8va‘c"*5t=crfimwr*tiw1nf‘rwitzir ptmricr :fcfiiieavww

rivcn Ly Y¢"n n

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.SCT; Z'It5 ,“f, .73?: T)?{Qn, .::§; ”fil“'t‘j'i", .? :; IQ" Y531, , 1;
:tKZuP’ ".3117, .7 2; T11 :11 “1*” G, .1“ ‘1 r;;'?'c:.

w a 1:; ' ”it” w: e {‘:1) 1:; 91;: W W" + 3.1-.9
slaved tirt t3: WM ~ -:- c ~11:- ow» Hm... : v12}: in t‘rrre ts ~-

csrs H253 wily ¢1®nt Huo~fiv1f vzwfinflmrilfi.vs f miléfis‘vit

.q 1
.— v‘ r .‘J ir' *‘fi 11:.
CS 'vL: ..., I.V . ‘.1 ‘)f; 1"}. r. -

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Ti? crv;t? 1n Vfiriv‘s cities Of tfie .nitv: ;;ftws Vfi?iQS. C “n"vg in

a.

x ‘. r- ,~. \\-- ap,~.l-‘~. . l, ‘.. .| «.~ ‘ -,'4 15‘ I" . ‘ -- ' '
senson, c."n as in tvmyv~ u re, I’lxtn of . 0,19 c acnrn;n; v c*t1.ns,

1 f
0‘

.- . \ I ‘-. . .)-. ‘.. 15.4. I... 1., --.(‘-,o q‘.-o.~". . ~- . ' V“. 5' . .‘
find hunter 3? c;1¢3rvn in LLm f n1-5 c :99 u;w.qh 1193 3! ¢ila t3 v r3

PLAN. OF $33,732.?

This stufiy attccpta t0 rdke a C“fl71“19 survey 3f tle flwid
milk morkpt in a tyiic~1 arrll riciifi‘n ci y. kirifin, Hic*ir n, rte
Cl'fisfin as th." city in which t3 03.51ct tl‘w? sink. .o-‘Ldr‘ir‘n is One of the
oldest cities in lic}i£“n with a papal {inn of 1?,354 u‘ich b's ifierwfised
at the rrte of about ten TC? cent per ggigksiuco 13‘0. ISJustrirlly,
harian is very 9t°11e. fer reonle are caneerV5tive, rni slew to 3537:
max 13eas. The city is loanted near the center of Innrwee Caunty, Which
is one of tVe b99t agricalturrl Céunties in FicIiv~n. It is neFr tfie
outer sire of the Feta-Sit 2511}: rated arm Ins Effitwf'd fluifl mii}: to tart-it
for several gents. TL°”P rre two 5-iry mvnuffictxring plints in tTa city
thick nsrve to manuf<cture t1: awrvlua stove flui&.milk refiuirfififints 3f
Afirian 53d tefrcit.

Facilities for trfine~orting fluid wilk to 925 frfim Afirifin “?9
excellent. Tiers 'rc five r"11ronds tannin? thraurh the city Itaeing to
Betroit, Taledc, Jacksfin, ana C 1c?vo. The risds are very rand and 3113?
dirvct truck rjntfis t: all tie largé citioa in tie firea. ?ur1n? recent
years tr~h9"ért°tian rmt‘ufis hnve chnnrvfi frvm t?e rqilrcnds to the twrk

M

truck as a renna cf deliverinn $213 frat adrinn to Iet?31t.

 

Persannl int¢rvie a were oltnined With t3“ rrn”wcera v33 rfirc
surplying milk t3 the city for fluid wur~oans. an att.mwt wrs rrfie to
record the farmer's attitufie tamard the rresent m“rk*tin§ sgctcm, the
confiitimzs under which mill: was prod.:ced, an? t‘ae {*r'ers' effort to

csntrel survlus.

L4
k]!
I

H men of prwfiucers who gunrlicd milk were obtfiined fPGM the
distributors. It was found that-flaring 1331, MS profiuc¢rs were furnighing
the 5111‘»: savvly for the city. EP-c}: of tieae nror‘ncers was: locrted and tie
distance from the city was fieteminr-a. 'fle dist-ace t: 953 r-rnf'mere; livea
{mm the city varied from one-i211" to 12 files. '31:: average dist'mm was
16.7 miles. Interviews were obtained with 3.7.? of thee prm‘ncers. "TI-'93!
were selected at Hat-4.0m BICOT‘t tint at least ane- wtron of ego}: distri‘u—
tt-r was fits-”lewd. ‘1' we 32 rpc—‘tzcers live in fliffrrs-nt flit-retinas

.
r

from the city, on fiiffe rent tywes of (2011, mm are trio-*1 inf tie rmup
surplyin? he city with fluid milk.

The producers were interviewed at a tit-'9. 3f :y’efir, and. under
conditions such ti"~"-t t’rtcy were file to snend the tire to answer the firms-
tions asks?! than. Since tiny did not feel harried it W33 possible to
secure thpir rmctims and attitudes toward the vrriazua milk prouctim

"11:3 run rke t 1215 pm‘olavgs .

Distri‘nxtsre were irstor‘viq"9d in 317.6}? tie swam way. In tT'rve

U .1.
.

eases it. w": wees-2.7m: to rifle wit}. 4:} c d stributnr on his mute in order
to secure the d~tz~. Ty riding wit}: tie :3igtri‘.~-.xt3r answers to “maritime
rn/E other infer-“Hon “2": obtained 21:15.10 tic flintrifisrzmr we: driving frag:
one place to snotlwr. T'o éistritutl-rs rPfuscd pfimitzwisn tn ri ‘:e wi’h
tiism on their r'tfzil mates, ‘uzlt were willing t-t f'lrzieh inforivatian at
othrr tives.

Distri‘cutrvra were aged 12'; furnish inf‘omfition cramming: tThir
invnsfxrent in e ‘uivxmr-rnt, tbs-i1- v=t>lmna2 of business, tie kart}: a»? routea,
10-‘6 C'"rrier3, 22:12:36.9 of l‘rnélin? milk, 572:3 3':’°t~"et=ti .129 f3? 132“:I'i)"!".“.f."t'tt
of the max-kt milk sitwtim. In met mas-s tip i:1’.'01‘r.‘.“tii?n ms fuminii-cd

Vitizout he sit'itim air] '3: 0 tr]. ’c6 3;! cs 1‘ mailic.

2.,
,9.

Part of tile int-s-rriew: with can: 2mm were wde by high schyol
pug-.113. TEmy interviemd their neing‘t:-7:rs and 'I‘-'-‘I':.’tt8. In His my data.
was secured from a wry represent-five cross: section of £219 rmswlfition.
Canaan-ears were P912516 tr: amigvh infer-91.1021 retrrfiin“ tirir «sarcasm 3!
Quality for'milk, tie lenyth 3f thug tiny kfivw teen “arch Gin" milk from
tine rrstsnnt dpnler, tit/fir fittitil.’e tr"? r41. price :2‘.‘ 9211*: M35 at.) r—r {and
rmfi'rxcts, rmc‘. t’rir wi“'€ at 13:13 far issfyrov-‘rnent of he r~.:v;~}:r-t ..ilk sit-.19..-
tion.

Data secured in tie intarviers with 2r392cern, 8istritwterc,
9.11:3 c-zuns'm‘ers we :- ear-flea? an fame written {Jr tie rurnos'e. In a few

sac-s it ww: smear-r ry to recwrri tie inforwtian aftcvr the interview,
since tinge wza WPP? finiag interviwweé hcsitrted t3 rive uferfirtion
which was being»: recaz‘éer}. Then cases of this tcinei occurred the cues-
tiann"-ires were filled cut iz=tnedit=tra1r nfter‘ fie intfirvie-V. The. firm 31'
etc}: qrmstiommire is slam in five vae‘m-HX.

net-:1 ream-ding tine daily distsi‘mtion cf mil}: 6nd cream "he
ottr ined from the records 01' one Mrian fiewlnr. if": other rr‘czurris of 17:3.in

distritution were rvaila‘oia in the city,

37-

nm,-~--Q A
;

“...”; .. .53.; U

The dfitfl are cl”saificd 9nd analyzefi Ev Siviflinfi tie” into

.A.

tires 613131336, rJ/4ction, dist 131ti..n, 3:2} Czarur3114n. 77339r e‘m ‘*

‘O

of these d1visi=na tle injuzua.

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from 0th r saurces are an lyzeé

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3 ztury of TaLle I infiic*tna tivt t 939 is a grant V"ri°tisn
in the price p'zid *r3 xccr3 fara3 11k . Sure dcflorg any 3 flat r*te far
milk. Unfer these cvnfiitirns the 5621 r3 33:1: anon afirtuin rewuire-
wants, such as 911 Jeraey or all Guern:::y milk, or milk trsting £33: per

cent butterfpt. Flat price varied viti tie awnlity of milk as mnnczrnd by

color and butterffit, and VitL tie kait su3 c? r‘ctariatics

x.)
"a

tie"? EEC!" 10-1..

h—O

?‘fcrenca to Teale I

"I

s th”t {8"}?! 12 “'15 3 f1"t 3r1ce of $2.§O rrr
hundred weiéLt fur J r39y 311k darinfi tie anle 393?, Angler 13 “hid
$1.75 for milk, one-h'lf of “Eich 3‘s from C4orzsry cnws, nna éefilrr 11
'fiaid a flat frlce of $1.37 fur milk a? no 698132 find n“31.t:/. 9*" tzh1e
inflicates ctkor an léra who :uii fllt vticrs tnv“ rr Vi“ t e r*ice
tlfy paid.

T33 nfit trico paid ffirficra far 311k, 13 tie Riciiwfin Hilk Fro-
d-lcars Camjfl my 13 3130 Shawn in T3119 I. Turinfi tla yanr ljfl Trafiqcara
recaiving a f1*t rrice oLtrined a rel tivvly ‘1': arise far thrirrzirc.

ff”11's: I .3130 3‘; 2312's tET't swrre r2-ml~rs.= r313 t1“ 2.31.6131: T‘i‘llc
Proéucers ijfinny price 3133 Pauling. T 0y “.13 3 previum 3f 77 canta

vflr'hunSPQd weith durlnr tiv first tTPFO m nthe 234 13 cvnta pnr‘PanJ”cd

a;
3..) C

2.2213“: fear 123:3 12.222232213232222 3‘? ’53»? 3.27.2212 fwr 3.5 2221' Cf‘ti't 22112:. In 92*)"28
(2.22:: as, 22:; «Wt, tl'ese (3:221ch 22 13 na jam-rain for 2.2. Hf: 251' ‘2‘221iier‘2‘szt t-nz‘t

E112, so 2229.2 $rn222cers :2 2122 'bzttevfrt mil”: hwt by 22211122? to 2322292,

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H 222-222323212ch of a 1:222! C'zriity 3211?: 2-2-2129 1. 12tivcly his”; 2.221- 22222123.. 5‘ we

.....

2.21213 are 2‘2rc;':;2.c2lrzg a high 't.‘1tt¢1'!22t 2-113: 2.2.2322“ 2:32. b2 tutorested in eel-
ling flit-212‘ F12'24r:ct to 130221 8.6210123 on the 122292.22. cf £34?- ca“:.22t af ‘1122211.,il*57

22121:: the. 23m? 11132-322 2.21‘106 far 3.”? 22:62-12 cert 2221112. F1-2t r-2te 22:10:33 2.2262228

1:15,“- en.) 2.21:“, in "-11 6296’s .9, in the “ring r22~r‘::€2t t3 rggum t2? pmdwgcer

8 15122221221: :‘nwe tits 7:21:20 2:42 would 326202212152 f‘r'm t‘fl E'iciximn ziil‘c 3‘21202’221-

‘1’

cars C‘m'rny. 22122-16. .2211}: (Be-2:10:23 229220 “311:2:- frice fur

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17-113: 1:34.22“. 932:»- : 2222.2?2,:2.t-.2:.2i;2{2 2212:2123 2920221323 t‘gvoit' 72‘2‘xin 1.23 87222202232..22t

‘ .

E220“- ter. 2‘11}: £32: £1 zit} “arrows 1:2 2223-223 2772.23.72“ 122 t. 2m 12.23.12: far '2‘"?

yrn-V‘wlf'n ct‘zrlnd “V‘W\o fie .

.\ 2 .1 \- .\. ... \2 I -J .\ v, N .!
. .ou.m o:.m on.“ c:.: ..c oL.m ou.m 0:.n oh.» o:.« o:.. 0:.“
9
"KJ u. ... .. k 2 . ..2 y \ - ix. .... .i \
Cu.H CU.H OU.H CL.H 0;.H Ou. CU.H 0;.H CU.H OL.H Ou.H ou.H

ccc.o 69m rim 09m to.” ovum 00$ cc.m 8.0 69m 00$ Gaza
. mama mafia.“

v ...,HH...» wmfl no.“ «defy... mconu mngraauu MSW” 6:353.» wde mmHHd2m

«UH . H Om . H o: . H G: . H mH . H cm. H 8. H mo. H DH . H 0:..st . H 0.... H cm. H
mu:.H 0w.H ww.H :M.H my.H ma.H CH.“ mH.H mm.” em.» nL.H cm."
33:6. when hen mm aw aHHma may MHHE .5309.” Pads...“

1m .UHHE um.m new «.030 hcéaoo :3mech x32 fiflflofl and“ “335%

opn.m o;.m ac.m an.m no.m no.m 5,.” no.m oo.m oc.m co.“ oo.w

984 03 94 SA on.“ om.” om.“ SA SA cm; 84 R3

1 \

wo......H QWH om.H OHH rm; 0.».H QWH Ou.H 0TH 9TH Q.H..H OKH

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'..;

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RN .d‘ K‘

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me. no. w;. we. :0. 1c. +0. no. mo. mo. mg. mg. H««oc:hcmmfimnu.m

8.? «0.3. mag” .3“ H mé mac océ. 84:”, meg“. no.3 mod. £2.59. 2:

.8 68m £22

.39 :6.» $00 .ncm 33,4 >45. $56 an: (and 37...: .fiah .nqh hWHawp
uxaficr «magnum yen.umdz no eoahm mHs»aom

 

c5333...“ .5???“ 0...... HmmH mfiudc kangaroo upwodwopa “2.: aqmgofia
as» mp @Hem ccHum xaHb centraco uumHaea HcfimewmQH hp cHrm umoHum .H oprB

ho .

.uHHEAmaaxLewo chAzca: umeHvo:m ngzem ash l.u

cnwpmwwfiw ac» mars «Au wcHon .onu.yhnocroo mhwuwwmp; MHHA n;2HAoH; on» c>mxn mpcmo nH um:m n.m

v

Iflwbohhwm “uh tire {Mu hmwufl .fiow&L hfizflbnc mkeormehm xNAL cvhmuofig on» GPCAK uufiao mm u%ch 1.0
.uupmnenmxH wuzno «H una .moac; «a: .mwcruHUm .mnvvpch an ham nuumc hm on maupfiaz_ mcHHdLu a.m
.VHHnwmcmpcm achHoa:u a; .rHHL mm“ «Hing heHrmm mma 9.0

.umwa athcuurP mm.m c aaflmfioayw an .AHHE ax» aHd:H_nchmm 9mg I.p

.ueao asapeuprp naxtfiw ho Mn c uuHmHu¢;L «a .MHHu ex» «Hz a nchag why 0.:

«EA BA EA EA RA EA BA BA EA EA HA BA 5

c .MHHE vb.m new ccHLa hcurrco mhgurmcug xHHz ngmHgowa ufiHu mzaancm 0H

oars «haw ma

K:

A EA BA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA 3A

.AHHE hmahwh
ac: MHHE uQH .H An um.n any oc«gp.hn::£co anacwmahg xHHu : nHAoAu ude wcHHzam
cow.Hm Ou.Hw 0w.Hw Ou.Hw ck.Hh am.Hh Ou.H~ o .H” cu.Hm 0p.Hm 0m.Hw om.Hm nH

buN.H DN.H

.owc .>om .auo .uem .nfid hHfih warn arm .hcd. .hcu .pbh .ncn uOHMeQ

 

deficfiaanu .H oHpaa

.31."
[-0

 

$13 5?:itfiry C2nflit13n3 in r? ”2cnré' t"rva v T173 firently.
T3113 II 33023 tVe scores of spven b Ffifi nnfi efuigé9nt 3f “rnflqcorg, us-
irb the scare Curd 0f tie Snit¢d Ztétes DCfihrtncxt :f Agriculture, E2reva
of Dairying. Yrrietions cf fre: 13 to 93 paints *ere form , naamfiifir t‘a
pprfact scare to be 150 fioints. Observfltinn of mfiny of th~ Enrns 3’320d
no nttwmrt at sanitary c nfiitiana. T‘s cows were cnvrred vith wwnure, tie
ufennils were V?fi3¢fl 9313 once a 32y, the rtnEles clerfiei snly Cften e-
nnufih to 311k th cows, an? ”fan t!¢“n "fire wilk Lvnfies on the fdrfi, there
was no evifience that £76; were being aged. On tVe wtiny Fan? mfiny farws
stewed eviéence cf vrrF c refml 3'n311fir of £32 #113. @he scores were no
rerfect, but the horns were kvyt clean rad w}it9rashed. $2: utoncils
were csrefully wraled 2n§ EC2ldad, the rilk Lease rug usea, t?0 milk was
cooled SSOH after nilkins, the cvwa udfers rvre mivefl before milking “n5
s~~11 tap @2115 were nasd.

A fart or evidence 0f the sanitary c mditian of the milk being
delivered t9 i€r19n de"1nrs 11 inflicoted by a hast run furinr July, 12:1
in which samples of nllk ware collected fry: the prflfiucers dmliv:ring
milk to one of tre afiriwn distritwtérs cad an~1y¢cd for h cteria by tie
n1pte magpoa. TEe rfisulta are 3 own in T0¥10 III.

TTEre &?Wfied to be n3 evifience of a relfitionship betveen tie
Trice receivvfl fortnilV uni t?” a~nitnry Cpnfiiti n of the rrcauccr's bhrn
ani ewui2fi¢nt, a? of h: bflcterial c2ntent of 213 wilk. Prmfiuccrs with
very fizh sflsreg, vra {five eviflence 3f main? evor; svvcaution to but out
a vrnfimct as ciern and fre9 frnm C2rtaminntion as possible rpre recoivimg
the same price for'milk as Lhasa using tie V2ry poorest metEJGs an? efiuir-

went.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table II. Sqnitnry 11329ct10n cf fifivon E 153 F°r"s in tie uirltn «reg
Item Perfect Prefiucer
- r
.§?9’9 1 3 3 h 5 b 7
63*32
’. W‘ .\ r‘ C

Inactisn

Cinstructian
Idfkt
Fedaing

V2nt115ticn

U’T‘7I?S:
Canttructian 2nd

L IE ‘

c:nfiiti:n

wt

:5ter f5r c

1-. , ‘. 1
—c étj-Idg

35:11 tap p'ils
Kirk cooler
["1 1k 115;: 9.: 2.11 t 8

as, 5‘95 V 2 5.
... 2 '55 -
--’\rb.'» -.---‘ I, ...“).

-- ya. ---9

”I
.1.

locatign

Constr;ct15n

femur? te moms fo r
Lug utrnfiils «ad

was.
I nfiling mifik

'3

—¢ r: :r 4r

ho h‘

K“

?96111Li;§;f3r Stpffl 1

Total!

R!

C)

-75
.75 1

3-5 2.3

.5 .5
“C

0‘-..) .5

)

Q 3

f

13.5 11:.0

5 25
.75 275 ~°5
1 -5 ~75

5 o o
.75 o

C) C)

O

n 5 {1

23.0 17.55 1“.5

if I? k4

V)

C) (3 £3

Table II. csntifuvd

1" m "21661‘

H
cf
9-)
E
h
hm m
n w
L: H
5-. "9
hm 0
fl
0-4
N
M!
2":
U\

 

Clernliness 6 3 2 2 3 2 0
Air flaring! trill-ring 5 2 1 1 2 2 0

£19. kilns-~35 2f tfld‘i‘zg 1 ..5 .f“? .5 .5 .5 .1

Clt’f-‘Tff’d "nf‘. dr'ined 2 1 1 oc’, 1 '5 0?:

“9:713VC1 0f l-"'2"!!11"8 2 0 O O O 0 0

Care and (2122221311112'59 8 2 O 1 2 2 0

51653211212552. 2f milking: 9

.14
O
N
kn!
f0
0

Ei‘ T": 3:53 THE €132.21:
Cln5n11n555 in milkrmom 2 1 O 1 1 1 O

fisah-oved riflwut pouring 2 O O O O

”3
O

‘ Cagl?d rafter milking
69C? CO?

m
C)

5)
r3
(3
C)

led 2:151: 232° 12. 5 2 o 2 1+ 2 o
Shred below 500 F. 3

Tr nefiartfition below
' 2
55:" F. 1 2 1.5 1 I

named 5255:21 60 23.5 7.22511245250 13.0 5.5

n:
to

Co“

$.11

k4

r.) {‘23 ‘...)

IX)

41"?

 

E2u13m¢nt plus katTad ‘
Total 190 h1.5 20.75 25.75 54.0 35.25 13.0

 

Table III. Enaber of Bacteria nrr cubic CBntlm ter in 311k
Eeliverfid to one Adriwn Tenler in July, 1531
as determined by the F12te Eethad.

Profiuoer 70. of h«cteria .Prsfiucer T0. of chzwrig

.-

Efimher fpr ca*ic centtmrter flanker For cu?1c cantlmctfir

 

... r
S r“ nag -: 1m rPfi ,fiq
j‘j’\pv~ O ..., -‘,-\b‘.’\ ._~~...

9 7.020

- I.
10 S f 0 g 930

I.

O.

H
~4

O.
.-
H
(:4

flag”. “1".
..'_ _ ’ (21:)

11 3:2, 2:20.020

.0

u

H
0

1T7,330

12 115-: .522» : : r20 .2 ,2“- ,w
13 1:0,ch : : 21' 2,022,000
13 1,000,050 =: C? 35* fine
15 53,530 =3

 

Table IV 5%owa the number cf fir;?1c¢rs Th3 ufie a milk hause,
the number ucinr diff r“nt Prthfidw of sflorillwinr utfinails finfl the number
using differvnt methsds far covltnv 211k. Since stérilizfiticn 3f utfinfiila
is iETJTt“nt in tfiv “rafltctian Cf milk 0? law b"ct'rifil cantwnt, 1t 13
significant tfifit nerrly 211 tie pr2ézc¢rs in‘crvicwed iwlicntrd that tfley
are hot water f3? steriliértiwn. Ffi:1*113 Egt w~t2r “a nerd on tho Grainary
fvrfi is nfit 9 saticf"ctory 2”¢nt fwr thr 2‘9r11122ticn a? '2113.

?2¢r€y 211 the rrafizcern it‘icrted tfifit tiny oval thrir ri‘k in

tfinkl. This watIsfi of cwclinw is whry ”fitlvf2ctnrv if tVe wvtar is cald

enough and if the milk 13 s fficinntly nritrtrd.

4?."
\J-"l
0

Table IV. {stigma-’3 7}?er by Profanera in Emailing” Villa

 

Fethcd “urler of Prcfliccrs

 

.339 n 2271?}: bun-20 12f:
U26 n0 milk hause 13
629 t2nk of Wfitcr t1 Caol milk 23c
Use surfce cnalor t;- ccol milk .1
326 kit w flat to stnriliwe r'ils 33b

79¢ c}nwicnl in néfiition tn hat r2t9r to
ntprili*e 22113

f0

 

a.- TWO FPTRICGFG 220 tE“ rilk 25122 Jfily pért cf tEP tifie.
In rme 0‘38 tie 2-111: Ling-an mu? cml Live 2029. t’ 2 wave.
b.- One rsr:~:’;.:csr resigns 2311‘s: '7 11.0. only canoe 9. (3253.

c.- (3:8 prséucrr cimlsz 211%: only in )vt-t 29215302.

thr-zl 35' f’r‘w‘t'rn

- "6.. vrT-‘txzcvr 3'29 r M. 9') {fit-”102% 3-2-2 1.0 Mtwtwé to C‘Mzz‘ol

'v

:4

rmchlctian to prevnnt $222.2: 1 f‘1.:,3_ct-1*fiti'~rzs. TMfl‘TESI‘fi'Je 21‘ t.‘ "'11? {~29
ans-Vera as i-w‘icrtF-«i 1?! wattle V. '3". 9 th‘: 10 i:u.‘.icr*tes the vex-centng'v using
wax-1:119 3"22't7wL73, or mt 1121122 my 22:11.15 to (21:24:22.1 2‘: :-r'c..ox°nss 211:" bur-1:12" B

...

Of 21611.2(. ‘21].

1'?)

it is; evi"2nt 11°12 9.7 =2 25-: try #0 ‘cwml mus f")? unif'vm
proFuctian do nut entirfily ranch tVDir oifnctivg, t7229 v?0 80 nvt attmwrt
central of tr)“ ction ems-:2 rue}: rm~ter ievuc in t? a *-nr“v{!‘"t. Fimre II
1C? ‘ri’mction flict1“t9d far
tlone rmfiaccrs ~40 c‘ntrol #ro‘ucfi'tn 1": 1529252212 223 from 3792.3 7201' (20:11:
to 170.2 per amt, 2-1112 t? w r2229 for t'f arm WM r~r2ctice no c-wrztr‘ol 2-2-9

from 1"1.3 :22? cent tn 1:27.14 per (:22: cf 1:721? swarm-22 m-"rflchlr 2*:‘2'7-rcti2n.

W
Lu
\

Table V. Eitezst 2;-

K

112 Prfifiuction

 

Eethoda

Emedim}: t': far-2 21291! M: different tirtes
limiting saw-,9 feeds

BuyinT and aellinx cox!

Vealing célves

Hpking no at’in'fipt

Total

Firfbe r

1?

...;

Percent

 

MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE

 

DEPARTM ENT OF MATH EMATICS

 

2 ~.qw ..mm p.3cfi n.HLM m.mm .cm n.0Hfi ouruavq afigun a
no name hem

og.mmfima cmca¢22
\ 5 \V; .. . i, .. . w. . 4 \u... .1. -. 3.12 c .) ,\-.... ..2 .\.\ \\ -. .1. .... . ...... ‘
-rmc u 222 oflpjr m.:~ HN122 pfhwfi wcvhfl 0222: mxfiuc m fin” mcpwfi mmflflh 2H“; .2 an .2;

I‘

2.2hfl 2.2 H “.22” m.flx m.2

‘

“Prawfiaa ofi §av~su~

n.~m m.mh ~.~m p.32 0.2: m 3mm ~.mV~ m.u H n.02fl m.mHH :.mm m.mm oucuw>2 mm22202
m: ammo pea
mm.mmm.mm magnuhd
~m2n~ why u memN finm:_ m.hm~ 32mg» commm mumhafi pmmm gamma mam wmwp Mafia Mo wwnspm
nufiypumuna as
umxufiph o» maflwmoum

.aeu .ppk .uoo_.p;¢u .222 hflrh mmnh ham .Loq .h:m .pam .ucb

 

.m;aopc e>flwc¢:w¢m «x» «0 andpunuaum mfiyugc;
wnnuc>c 02¢ we a“ ncaukunpu a.Aucn2 guru emanaaohou 2m» mna Hanan o 0: mm«

aasaawud one 02: 220p» av an; mtraw mr¢ahcp ac :24«2hm cu wwflcmcum hfi nofiuumnou»

Hopflnnvca unwapgg2pa 2L2 0;» mucoexoua Mo ya“: we ncfidusocpm hflguscm .Hp oflpwa

1' .‘.

(E: '- w." n,- H”. -‘
wc.2162 the c4...s?a,a2: . 2:

'94.

02:2? t*~t c “fWMTfififl.Cf 211k in Ad-
r121: 12 near-21y uriffir‘w, ri'i“? 2'":P'-'}<"-t i“. tflx‘ 211322.12? 29115.32, it '12; evi-
6¢nt tht r20*1cers rho nr'ctlcc n2 cantrol of rr221ctian way L2 2 vrry
5571,1013 f' czar it; gmwa‘.t r12? 3 2!;2'81” lac-‘1 {11:13 211135 52': 6:29,. "7327;: {Ze-
liver lfirae ’urntities of uilk ta distributors at one srvean of tin gatr
536 very little milk at other 20222n2. an~2*u02t1y t?¢ éistrihutnr’hne
a large sur«1as during tfirt of the yefir cufi is £2095 Vitk a si‘rtfigo at
other 8032223. tiatrikuturs must have sufficient 912-12 to m2wt 229k
consugvtinn rewuir2wents 52 they feel farceé t} pnrc%~2e 211 tie milk of

their patrons énrfing all the year.

Frgflgcerfl.friftreace £22U3,;fificific 29~22r
A rtufiy of tha r222sn2 trcfiucera have for aniline milk to cne

éenler 1n2tewfi 3f nuatkfir is a awn in Twhle VII.

Table VII. 292322.‘?1y Farmers @311 to Certfiln Distrl‘utars

 

Factors Ehmber of :rofiucers Par Cent

 

"\

Price 17 28

Canvenience 20

0‘!

Eissetie ind with formfir fle"19T 1 h

5‘»)

Sells ta relatives

 

1'.“
~ .3

It is V%ry Refinituly 2F32n 12 Tf‘le VII th°t r2icg is th-
most im*artfnt f:ct2r fiatfirniVi“? 22222 £92"’rt 2.:"11 $321? $112. In
ecv=rfil C2323 £12 trice a?v:nt2ne e~1°lnd tE2 csct uf lrdling 211k frsm
the f*rm to tlc Gifl?r. T113 n2nunt2d to t City crrts yer hvnflrefi Wfiivlt
for Jfinu- r3“, F‘i‘.Cri..L‘-‘:1'3‘, mi ."-~rch an.” to fifty ~12 cart-ta 3221' 1‘12“"??? #1.. Weir‘Ett
f6: tin rtzrin?2r 2f thc ysfir. 522-fifth cf $30 “rN”QC2r2 iu‘iCAtfié tY~t
th2 deflrr t3'2Ewn tit; $211 milk 2f?*r€eé h'om rrwvter c avenl2nce. Tnc

farmer ezrr§c*nd tlis lie: ty 22yin? t“‘t tie pregwnt dealer dr‘ves rirht

I ~31

t.)

11:: to the torn fer the 2111", ”rm-2:3 ‘re 12w? ts) t“‘-:p tluo milk L $22 mwd

and crrry hwcl thb emwty c'ns 2’22 sallin2 to a f22~cr layer.

 

Pin' r2' criticig's of 1.12 22-22213 :22 21:22.12 2:22-72: rt-‘x’lnctsd

..l

1.3

‘nt of the #22:“ififirfi

t

:21: attitufie to 2 mvr?efi é2”r°2. rifty-fswr pfir 6

he

criticiscd tlw 22100 rrlfi th“ f"?‘*PS

F-
-‘

criticisafl 2rice. 21H2 .f t7
fc-r milk, 2.2.3 "11.7 "1‘3 critic-.1...” the trica de“‘-"‘r.<’.-fd of ti» canvaxmr. fine
frrwrr fimg“’$t”3 $32t a CDf?G?"tiVfl 0232n122t13n of fire? CJTS S’llinfl in
$119 222”“? 23213 im“rave $22 22102 to 225930222. ?"2 f r“9r2 felt tlflt
an iw“TOV2“snt in tfi2 city milk 3241n-nc2 "2215 ffi'rfit £72m %y‘rliriret-
ina swwe 2f tsrir Caxvrtitars in t}2 130 l n2226t 23322 rr2rbnt c nfiit1=fic.
It 12 nrfinnltafily true t12t 2 2t~ict city wvflih'vce *fiulfl elimi-
na-tss 6* ’..“if t‘rn Y‘Wféf‘t‘.t 22"an gem-w 272-? 22'an $.‘:..-2 2““: to $212.2. ware 3-mi-
t2ry pr332cer2. SAC? z rl'n 212 t b2 t"n‘ficiél frxm a l2"1th st~nfifoirt,
lat $2229 vwxli be an refznn t3 b21§2v2 t7“t :42? a 2fi22 ”231% rive 2 r?”-
nfint r lifif, lifice 22y f'fin r cmwlfl lvvv t3? t“i“37*?2 a? 2 22122 t‘a in-
zrectian an? thus r'ifi tic rfirlt t2 srll $1112 "11% in t?” 120 1 city.

On tie cthhr f2?’, 1% in true t%"t 2 msrr ri*lfl 324322229 V31?” ”"2" t2?

C'FStQ Of. fit‘ryrq'afli ‘g- {'1 y?) ...g" s
. . -. ...7 .A '2 - r- ‘ ‘ -
. ‘ ‘ I ' i.) 3.}, :5" '2"?- §“: , v91: 9-. .- —
, ._ ’ J ‘ ‘/""', 3.3,‘1‘1 far‘a
..‘ . J- J
to 119:; 2.122 fan-mu. r-» ¢ 4‘
2- - ’2' :‘v-«L. 1'; . ...-m .2 .
«w $.81) I" 111': $729 ”""’SHI
"' "1 a :b

0 i i .| ‘.P ‘.P ‘.0 ". IV 9‘ I. M
.. . A; ‘_ . | ' ‘ ‘ .f 5 ‘.I‘ g
. . . ..., .. 1 ‘ rnfi' An .3. . : ' 1
- « -.I l -‘ L g." .I ‘1 1’} t1“. (3,. 1 '2'.

L

r.- ....... Hu 0—-‘W
LL ‘ ‘- L-b“:

 

 

There are two 22n2r21 tjves cf fiirtribwtwr~ in 1321~n. a;
the diatri‘mtbr 2‘. f) is " 13’) :3 12:“)?- ICvT’I“, t' 2 it: 71' is: 12:29 3‘.2‘.:":.‘5“_1t3r 2'39
Katya 2.11 his 11.5.1.6. Tie {1‘1}; seer-1317121? Tit-[32‘ ’.'"'}' be 0. f"~:‘"'»‘--r 723,-?) 2207115324
911 1-5.9. 0211 "‘.11k or he r'ry pnfi-Lce only a 2:211 ~"7~.‘-z=.-‘..;$.y m" t1.“- 2‘11‘: ‘19
distriiutnn. In all c 929 {932? in ‘Avi'n, tin 222’4c22-512221i1t0r 22s
farm-3 to he "'i-'"-'="ily a 3"‘-"""‘? “’Y.) "'29. nt‘ ‘ t‘t ti! 2'2. ’f'rnt 1219 13:13:22.9
177'; HT 9'18 F3131". .2112: r'tler t“ 'n 2:711 it 2?. 23:37:29 12 tr) :2 c'nr’nn,tf:-:T-rj,r,

to the T-‘irf‘ri:~-n 5:17.": i-‘z‘o’ were '3: M23 m- t“. 2.22:2 1‘-c 1 diatri‘r I‘SEr. 3‘3."

7-: rt 2.. Y1"??? “’7'ch 1321' I.‘-11':-“?‘£‘-"! tYOn }.2 (3311:? (11:1,: in {71:32-

'1
“b
(4’
P‘

.4
Ho
{5

i

‘40
r”
...)
'1
.- I
O J

j.
vhf-re the {"2”}? I'-.‘C’1'.“‘3 r":;-'_‘.r~.2:°-ltion for time tr" Ill-31' i'r.v:.-1vc:? in r2-
hilifzfi 7* 1'9; 2% r‘ t: . -.* f2? 1: $3 1.12.? 1.1:"? 21* t'- 2n if $3.2 1—112: 2‘2 r2 0*?-
:‘c=r‘.ried rt 05:"? f‘r'v'r “3‘: . 1. 1‘? effing?- t} 2 '23:: "3"-r‘ifir’a'rvztgwr 5"""-.I18 the

Frefit 21221311,? :21 (7.2- b:' fire r‘i;;‘.z":‘~:..'.3r 1:: m‘. ‘1t12n $7: 21‘. v! “1163‘: !2 r'mlc‘.

{min 132' :- "11.1w? ‘ '12.. "51;" tn”: r2 2"n=1‘f"c*tr*2<' “Inst. 02*. 4.7732 022M-

»
J

1
tv-O
l
c
~b
t—J
3

‘
.

incurs he ext?“ cvvfs i"-Ci.v‘*_‘tit‘=1 to $3.22- 93:*tri‘£v1';i2n 0:“ ~11‘ec, are}: '78 ‘rut-
$122., 0—“: 2, ‘r‘r {31223 .221" 3-55.21: e uipzwnt, 23 rail 29. the time '.‘re mus-1t

9:223? 8227,? from 1'21”. mr‘r “Hie 1'2 i2- 32 1117212111? ""112. 1:: 9-322 6" £2.23 £70.22
(132*?! 222.- 1131; 2'» 2t, 23.112 :3? 17-1,};01- $126!: $3.23,! are a c~r~.2i"*nr~‘$‘19 “.22.

If tie that: 292:“ in the rennin." :31" 25.13: is 2.22 valur‘alc 1.12:1 the 3-429
tim- 11226 in \“ra‘ ‘ctive fart 12‘:::>r it is juvfifiad. It 19 mt 233211318,

)0 Ever, t“: 2-122 fay-2v'-n2r~=1 at #2221: rogmrfiérg H2 172-112 of the? rro-‘uxc rst'
tire 3t f-‘vr'r. l-‘r-‘r. 'E“. is would ‘e a. runtter tr: be 621,6 ..1’.r~.2d by the 1:15.1—

v1-~‘;=y1 prurjzxcar 21:” 2-31.11"? 50:25.6. on ti.“ kin” of 12":1' ”no 23'1er ’cn c:"~.r'222r3

in 2n”- its v"1ue rm tie frm.

[page "gt-rm; a; 133. F"

 

TLa buyer-Bistributor is an in‘ivi‘unl or CQM'wny Which o"ns a
plant find 9"";1rwnt 912?. Sarah-"sen 911 t?» v.11: 1t fistribxtwe. Uistri‘m-
tors 12".“! a 9m»? “ 721'. 121?} er invoctwnt in e mi 3:2 nt t‘a'a-in t}? T‘?'?~"‘1P‘E’I‘-

I I

distri‘uturs. The aver-{’8 ivvemrzcmt in evjirjtmnt for all 1:1,1yr'r-zistr'i‘2'ru-

A ' Q 0 O
tors ”’19 93. v 2.33 '2." tie z'w'régte invvvfant far 2:123." '.c'r-dlrtraFthrs ......

.I

4

K —- .9 a q 1 -
1333 "1. The ‘t-uyer-r’istmtdztors are 1.2n".in~we«;, t. c-z‘ef'nre, tj' tyr- f-ct

1.11:5» the-3r km: 22 H.319? d?'.'=rec1v-t1.;n r-r...‘ intrrest cmt t". 2:991; vim: the
its? JCEI‘ i6sztr ‘zatars. T.":.—‘..o VIII t’Z'T‘FB the. i:~1vs~st:.:¢nt in e':ui.".m"nt for
one: 60'16-2', ti‘tr.‘ the fi-‘x-‘z-ted to t? 9 31913993, tie r1193 0'?" route, the

manger of r‘mtx—rs, nut? valme of Easiness fer 92:02: 91’ £729 di.::t2"niti'1t r6 in

the market. The bu;.-‘er-.iistri? utor in 2." rim dictz'it'z'nes -. that; the

-)
‘:4

number 01’ “aurts of 2.111: 2591' 62:! 2n? b": 3.1’2'» times ‘2 invest-rm in

e'ui'~r':r~nt as tine hrofimer-di{1:617:th 22‘.

$52.32,, 12-21 ‘72”. "

Tine 'or-u‘clem oz“ 511:" 1:13 we ?"'~?:;".l£~'-d in 2'.- nznrz‘rer of #33. One
prod ICGY‘di tri‘c-nc mils 1:18 .'.-2.11 0.3223 '1'»? 953ti." tow 2.2m 'v"~.:'zx:t «.'.-f 2.2113:
19 will need ts) 1-1;: frm a n: inf-Par, t‘ rn 12o? F7398 ti tie nc-i"";.‘.'-:>r nnfi.
have t?.' t r-r'o‘mt of 12:19.6. TL: 11.. 1-31'.'.or fills t2 '.= I‘f‘t”'~"‘ittd€:r ta the Kicki-

Fan 3113" Prafiwcera wamy. “I“ is; di. tri..':t: r 13 ’5‘. -.~. n1:- he to r t 11

1:11}: with n: azrf'lzm. If 38 {.73 '2 €572.91 "u.~'rta 12ft aver be firlivrrg *r’. (‘.m

aistribtztor 995“?“I”t‘?8 112?; :1‘11'"1IH: 2211‘s; t~~ 7'9." fr: (rm-"v: ‘g a 9.2133. 379
fat-53 tine 3‘ 12.220. 2.211}: t: imam Hr." r:‘r-?.:.~.‘:r-'zze.
'1': e 1122:3312? cf 5'12: 1:23 ".:".'-f:";..~'_’ the (:e- lav-3152.121"? ut'rrs is Quits?

filfi‘orfifit. Tl}? flictl‘i‘s'it-gtr: r2632 (rat'wr'tr) £312 53'11'41223, but 1.3.9. 011314

\31
b3
0

D

j J.

far crefim is limited. ??0 ram iuéwr 19 e *hfir yvnufflctWTPd, in the 05S?

ch

of one életritutur, inta cott ye cinese, Lusfer, cmltfired fatterviTk, an“
chocolate milk, or it is 231d to a rLoleea e :1 fit in flaring. I: either
ease the distributar realizea les~ fvr tin # 1k ti~n 1? it vsre rptwilcfl.
1'." ":1 it is ESL? t. :2 71’10103'12? *‘3.“":“:t FF fiat: “11;? “("118 it fit 18s!" 15".".
Be $"ifi for it b§C"?SG he ‘Lifl thw vr>31c~rfl 9 vremimn far it.

To tie me? distriratzr enterlvr tEe wwrkat, snrylu: 13 act
such an imhsrtfimt arablvfl, an in ”FEETfilly hfig not 9*?eed to téFe all
the tr;fixctifin 3f f rm‘rz at a tive wxén Cdnrm?“tian of milk wfis T1 Rb?
thin it is at the Tresent ti e. The new 3-9triEuter ting h”? an flmVnntaro
over thm an? aka hna bran in huninnss Covw ti 6. In sfifiitian thfi distri—
butor vbo putarea the tusinoaa since 13:0 gnfftrs lean tram in+¢rent and
derrncinti3n czsts th»n the 619tr1hutar wig entercfi tkfi twainnaq h9t*?”n

1

1317 "ha 1:39 rEPn e ui‘mvnt casts V6“? hiya¢r.

Tabla VIII. Erch Distribwtor's Invefitf at in E'uififihnt, gumber 0nd
Ifinfith Of 9:0195, Tire Fevated t1 the fipt'il T1fi15993, “08 Distrifiqti n.

P9P dfly.

 

Inve strrmnt "-1" it; 6 6.0110 V- d 1.311110 1‘ 0 f 171 10 a o f i.11~ rts
Dealer in equipment to rntnil business r utea route Pb: any

in t firs

Producer-
EistriEutor
a. ,- _.

CH

5
2 113.25 2.5 1 :5 :3:
3 211.00 5.5 1 50 101
R 333.00 5.0 1 17 133
5

1,351.00

m
O
U‘?
’U
1 .3”
'.J
r 3
...:
'1

6 30.0. 1.5 1 :5 90
Averrre for Pro-

d1cer-Fistrifiwtrrs , .
$933.71 h.31 1.15 23. J 147-77

 

Dealer-
Bistribut0r3:.
7 z 1, 7‘00 .00 .0 1 -- 200
8 2,030.00 1;.0 2 —- 100
9 1T,2"..00 70.0 5 4- 1‘00
10 f;0.00 5.0 1 03 250
11 €32.00 ‘ --- 1 10 190
12 402.00 5.0 1 5 170
13 110.3% 5.0 1 - 130
1% 3,300.00 7.0 1 50 200
15 7,000.00 10.0 1 1 330
15 1,700.00 h.5 1 :0 200

17 2,000.00 7.0 2 00 :00

Aver-rye for De «ler- r
Bistributorszf2,b72.2 13.h5 1.55 32.0 323.2

 

 

I.§r%g_§1$.13111*_;1t3_r$_

Table IX share the 36 rot cont of t;e

I‘dv‘
")1
5—4
V
*1

~d18t1r1211t0rs 2116!.
10.6 per cent of the ”{1}".‘15 scar—61:: 121011; 1.1-3 21.0 were 0:72 2213125 1:: 21 0 at

the 011:”. of 1:531 enters?" the business. since 1:12 bC.'121?1in§? C-f' 133-0.

”ff-31319. {3.3321136 2'7‘211 12"...tributr1r8 ‘7r3te 226:3 tin ynflz'7't.

 

 

 

 

 

:3 3:
Yer-1r :3 “77".? ":‘2.t.1~-1”.2‘21“.‘.2r 38 ('1‘— ”1 #242111?

88 3.? 1:20:01: = :1 :- cmzt :: “.1~‘c»r :1. r c at
:1 : 2: : _
“.7 T 2‘ 3
to g I: 0
:: : :1 2

Pefore 1318 :1 2 x 3.3 :x 1+ 1 ‘56.}
8! 3 :2 3

1919 to 13:3 :1 3 : 50.0 :1 8 $7.2
:: z :1 1

1310-1931 :1 '1 : 1-1.6 :: 1 3.5.3
:3 z :3 :

 

T'ese distrikators have tFua been 2110 t3 02r€h2se e2u12mnnt 2t
3 lower 0 at t?qn t 020 ~10 entered t‘.e r'rw2t bet e2n 1“ 13 332 1??9.

T39 u2221 metiafi 0f eqt21li° 10? 0110's 921? in t :2 $11k fliatri—
but§n5 bu2in2aa h2a bran t1 202 are 0 1109229 fran th? 0123 clerk 224 12510
to offer milk far 3216 at cut pricnc. iftar tie diatributer 122 5200293
chsufih cu2t3m2r2 he may r2133 the wrice 02 he mry :rnfer t0 0:211:03
921110? at 110 10202 trice. $19 new dist2110t0r is 2119 t1 cut 221009 nnd

111 survive in 1.212102% 1!. c-~-.1:;e of “1.1.2 112121: czmts.

£2.......:.....’-"122- ' 9.11:;“2’1 :1...“ 12...“? *'___..._._““‘“" '..-.3224
in vttcn2t 22s r-fi2 t: 23ce2t2in th2 32*12r3' 21111152 t322r”
the 2r2922t2 m~ r22t 81tt‘t1 n in ifiriwn, "ha 11 cut in s 2c1f1c 9&2229-

‘

tisns far imfir<v2~2nt wf 1'2 $1112113n. T gle Y 2'22: the 11325 2! the
V“?i us 69212r3 r22-r‘: 2 t e 2r2222t c 2:111:23 2n” t‘eir 511222ti1ns
for cin'nse.

F1r1y-2cvon ~23 t‘r22-t22129 222 0221 of tin ee-lrra in Efiri2n
feel tint tEDy c~n cf¢ar no aw2~21tiar for intrsvrnent in the m22k2t. Cf
this number, 2119 1.111111? 3 in, "7".2. 91*. 12th:: 13 21-1 “first: 1.72:1 in HtTihr
tat-”ms". .A';1‘.t‘:'~=‘~r 1'23 5.112%. 112.212.271.212 31:;- ‘2. 1213117 82 11;? the 119.1121 cut. rte.
m2112d. Othrra 12d given no th=w2fit to 20221112 im2rovow2nt «n1 could

f?nr n2t23nv in tbn 22y of critici&a. Theae e 1229 were 5911122 32.}
132? 02111 .311" 2-11 flair? 221.111: 171 11:2 city. It \ 31 1" 2.212.: t 22:2 '32:: 1:332’0 t? 21'
are 131.2 £22111: 2121212122. 2.2111112 222. 111;: 1,215 22:13:1ct1: 2f H.211" ow: Ber-112:.

T 1rty-five nrr can: 0? tbs derlnrs wanted a rare risid 12-
erection 11.113 ancéh-r 2:4 12-12:: amt 212.2211 {11' 2.2. 21-237: 22".106 1"} 12:2 "011:? 1‘2-

f-z—r C'=n-'r.12.:=<.‘.1.3n .23 £111.. 11:11::

“

2:111'6 tiff, 211111}: delivered in {cf-e cit;
be p-13tetzri'1ei. ‘1'? 1:2, 53.} pm- cent of an flee-121': selling 75.15 1101'
cost of t e £1113. 2:. in t}: 2. city would 11.1.29 to 121221212 thr 1r cit-11:12::
by 32011211112 :1 were rigid 211111; Othnnzce, by 1.20116" 1112:2013}: inn wctim, or
by 1-2211:er 21st21r1712111n. 7'12- 2di>2tinn 11f 11112:“. on 02317121109 1112:1116.
tend to 1261.21: 21.2211 C'b'TV‘fl-‘Jitfi‘f‘fl 2:11; 2.? 1‘22 2-1121'2t. T” 2 inwstvvnt 43711-
9.1059 fay-2.11122: a 72012.0 (1-1151 nrfii2"7‘="e 18 2130 ti-fimr t'fi'fl‘. 1.8 the in-
Veetwr-nt in 91111711121111. among; the 621-121-2 211:1 .13.) mt wish c? 22 as in the

«tent 3212212219112: 21:11:.

.ON a“ mmoom pommnm& o

 

 

 

 

u" »
0m.mmmm V.Hamw mm.mmxm o.oomfiw u" m3.~mm oo.mmmmm mm.wwomm ” pawsmfiseo
u“ n ma unafiwmmpaw owopmpd
u" "
oo.Hmmam- 0c.0mgm - u” .Ovcmw .Omm.wH 0* 00.0c mm u onmfinwznm ;
0» cc.0pm oc.HHmw 0» cc.mwwm Qp.ooufin a“ ea .cme wc.ocm n on 00.00mamu ca amaanmmbna no madam
u" ”
o.oH 0» o.m o.» o.HH on o.m m.w ”no.~H 0» c.~ ma op m.» o.mH 0» m.mu .mouoou pnmflm ogmpm
n" ”
m.HH o.u m.HH o.w "" m.mn .mH o.ma ” mhwfimmu HM“ ho “awe “mm
3 u
:.m m.m zc.w No.2 u" c.mw m.nm o.mH u MHwE Ham mo pawn ham
mum 00H 0mm mNH ”u 0mm” OOgH QNN " hfiwco mahqnu Hmpoa
”n n
m H N a «a m N n u uuoammc no umpaflz
2 "
”53.3?qu gwmtihcsm “£03355 4 M3; So. Hm 8303.10 4.1 Mafia :0 4» conga?!“
0% h on .ngam cfiuflw .mwdhfi¢pma&.. on . oufipwmpumm ».ufimau 0903»
Hufirflhunfifllh eofiéonm " ... houdorwhumwnlhcflmwfi

 

.nwfiaud a“ mofipcdpam Mafia 9mm

than as» we pumfimbrgLEH pom uncapm¢zmdm uwmae can noflcmn mo mwcao mg» noosavm mazmnofiucaom

.N manna

‘

Tfese Brtw iniicrte t3°t‘t?0r9 écfilnrs r90 flint? nut- tFe

c.1-

are test tarcentvgé of milk in afiritn ”T3 "Ea r"ve tie lfirFQgt invegt-

went in efiuifrent 9:9 ate THCG “is $133 to new {:9 citv 39?.p4 iiofisr

1-?!
v

””1“?! 11111"- *FW?“1 0 t1” svia r «t t’ev an +1.19 is: up may

yrice cutting.

Rfitéil ?rica

'—

 

TVQ rotfiil price 1f nilk is 7~3e a: of a nqm?er 3f cysts. T13

first Gist 18 t?@ «rice the de°ltr munt :zy'fnr 3113, ”ecflnfi' is th* COrt

)

0f P795“?i?‘ t3? r11: f>r the retéil trwda. Tée¢e casts are #née up of

H

intorezt on invustmrnt in t1e r“1-th anfi e-niwmont, énfirpclw%iWi, m<n¢rp-
meat *nfl ”Eminiatrwtivg evztp, 1~bor casts, t”xes, ncu*once, and refflirs.
Trird is the 53?: *f fictriTiti :. The fixed Chris, suck ea iwtcrtst, dc-
Jrecifition, trzes, fin. inzur"nce r y not be rat at 111 tiwes. For ezn~é1¢,
at tEn rr69ont tifie, With dacrenseé cvrsumw*ion if wilk 9n€ a d ciflad in-
crerse in the number of distri?wtar¢, it i” tree“?1c tF't mnny Riatri?utars
v}o hrve kirk fivefi cvsts "re nét fihlp t» try bath 0“?r~tina and fived
Casts. fiysr'tinv casts wuet he vet if t?e fiistrihutnr i3 ta rvvvin in
Euainea=, ~nu fived cvstn, eYC9wt inter?ste2n ?érriwei 3 way, the: rat be
?91d far a firrina of t€"e. 0??? an: vpriffig fixei cnfits wuet be h if.
T313 wafies it imfsrfitivc thct rilk fl: tr111+0r9 roarive sufficicnt refluxe-
rftion to 9110” tT¢r t3 m int*1n théir }ufiiiees. Tin casts of flittr1Fu-

tion are pertly fiY88 an; “”rtly 99“”fi5”Tt in ti? coat of létcr, gize of

10’6, dist nae trav led, ”n; effici'ncy cf txc g leavan.

2.: '

b? can: of r’t*il dist3’hutlen a? milk hfin tfen :iVGH Candidcra-

1119 ain't? ‘w 9. 11:12:27.9! 523‘ ‘.."'z.v:*<':t‘5?'“t 5:! 1:1 033-91‘ '=:=-r7<r‘t;s.. '7" 3‘3! h vs» {fly-mg:

*‘ t t‘rsn C?“L§ 5"? 'r.‘:t“o I! 83*0 V? T3 3, 1 3 3’ Hf r:-L-, fl"'ffi-
c155cy of gnlee en. TTFIG XI 914*3 tffi t t"1 Tn rtn Scliv-r¢£ d t w t)-

tul wiles traveled to Welivar'milk by'enc? Be-1Ar in i?rirn. In a number

of Coaes if? 3&915’3331” 36. ed rnluct nt t} furniéh in?;rafitiun r“ffir”in£

‘0
3

its r t9 ”‘“??e?. iflffir“ tinn $"s w¢t fined f:ew a an? icient flasks: :f

3.3

(36'192'3 ta”! 17* ?3.c' t": ‘17:-” saws??? 113710.53 2' tin" "ob‘e‘éz. "'9 {‘("‘1+’“? 5'30 tar-v“ 13
MVé‘an-tartka if a mile 1.) awf-livwr a “'~.1“‘-£‘t “.f rai'fi: 5:.1'2‘; :mcesrr.-~r11y1;vm a

. ~~ . ... .‘ .‘. . ’, \ ».. v .... 2 a
33.1.; ‘.mr est 1,. an 0“!" ‘9‘» o delivers 21 {xrt 035653.51. m .09.

1‘}

rtes fer 95c? drfiler “in ”as vtllinr tq 53v? tko

t).

zfoxfitirm
a!” <3"t.13n9r‘: 7m 5"ij if 1”,}?! City. 7*" 3‘ F‘éj‘fi !'1w 3" -‘“°."n 11". L335? hméerai'itfi. 3!.
stufiy 3f traaa ¢3r3 1:318 tea are derrrc r? a: lic~tiwn by the ififiiviglfll
dealer. Tare awn pr-ciicflly no unnecem-‘ry fufiic-"tivn b3: tire sis-rm "'8‘51-
er, but nearly evnry mtrret is CJVErei by sevvrfil flenlfra. In ordvr ta ob-
trin same idea 93 ta the pmamut of an? icvtian by diff“rc at de ltrs, six
blocks were c: sen 11 £13fernnt h“rts 0f tfir city "nfl the numkar of milk
dealers hfisaiwv tin rfifiractive blacks ~59 txhul tea. .ne tW L11 tiTT s wrre
5589 from an evfimi n“t5.3n of tie route 5553 f¢r tie dif36rcnt defilnrs as
follaws: frvon trrv¢19d on Irfi"d S reet tptvecn Fwtlvr finfi R5519: T3599
trvvcled on Camvfiny Street; ?Rree trevslea on Srvghy thHevn ”rifitol nnfi
Clestnut: Six trnvelefl on Fr Wlet“e¢n Tecurvfib fin? Center: TLFFt

not C

trqveiad on nter between E“11T9 rnfi FicP1*-n; and eirft traveled an

3

x'umea bet ens: ic?a*¢ie and fcatt Streets. It .‘3115 hnwnderntaod t?"t
r ates were filottna far finly eleven cf t“o 1? :e~1nr2, 92 ttfit the figures
given 23.ve re“re. .rt 3513 35 rér ccnt a? all t}¢ deélvra v30 may cfivcr

these strerta.

‘

5f tho e7¢ven defilpre 5;: e r at-3 5939

~ 0
npnrxy 73 ryr cow; p'ss 5 over two S"W“1@ 11.9“: “H? tlvaa. n? ??.3 war

1- 1'75; 5-3:; m9 *‘n a~1tw

.L y,” \_.. ‘7.

+35 33535555: cs t3

the 003 of fiv+rikiti'n if 511“. “‘65 t3~ 6:?“fi““r 3065 £159 tn ciwit

or wore 511k 335559 b~e in? 119 k use v7~n 039 er

a? erztrf'h“ r°y "‘:@0r 1? Te 1: tnif?

r?
zw‘
m
3")
fl]
H-
(‘1
m

e t “ ‘ -‘ . L‘ '3 1‘." a1 9".
£39 5cre aenl¢rz t;5?2 -re an 3'? t,rr$t 3-” c 0*

.- ‘v - :9“? ¢ . _. 7‘ .3 ... 2. ,
urc%v_.::£11. 131523.? 1-9y ~elmmu9':.ir¢re s

tn) (33:31:13, ”:33" 2‘1".) 1"? '311
3‘13“? .3 11"- 1 ’9' i t“ 3'1" 1': ."‘- t
a}??? fi"'?"r.: r3 1“,!“ 1 +IE-l" t

“‘1' €373: Till 7.39 $530. to

-at rushgr cf Je~lfiffio

61.

Table II. Number, Total length of Route, and Miles Troveled per Q'lart

for Each Distributor in Adrian.

 

 

 

Total length Total H1105
Dealer Bumber of of routes Quarto Traveled
Billie; 5.116; Sid filly Per QWrt
1 1 10 175 .06
2 1 25 250 . 10
3 1 50 100 .50
h 1 1.2 100 .12
5 2 50 215 .23
6 1 25 20 .70
7 1 —- 200 ...
8 2 -- 1400 ..--
9 5 - 1100 ---
10 1 28 250 .11
11 1 10 100 .10
12 1 5 150 .033
13 1 -- 120 ......
11+ 1 60 300 .20
15 1 35 350 JD
16 1 1+0 200 .20
17 2 50 220 .23

CT\
('0
.

 

The consumer in the city is usually interested only in the
Quality of the product he is able to buy and in the price he has to pay
for'milk. He is therefore interested in the general marketing situation

so far as it effects quality or price.

‘.."es 5:; re. 1: Q :1" l i 31

 

The consmmers' measure of quality was determined from their
answers to the question, "wa do you determine which desler‘s milk to

use?" These answers are classified in Tatle XII-

Tahle XII. Reasons Why Consumers Choose Certain Dealer's milk

 

Reason Number Per Cent

 

 

Resorts of inspection 8 18.2
Friend, relative or business I h 9.09
Pasteurization'l 8 18.2
Color 3 7.0
Cream line 9 20.h5
navor 1: 9 .09
Visible dirt h 9.09
Price 3 7.0
Habit l 2.28

 

* Both pasteurized and electronure milk are included.

(T\

These results skew that cream line is tie most popular measure
used by the consumer to Judge qu'lity or to select a dealer's milk. Pes-
teurizetion and inepection renorts are each class seconds to cream line.
One consumer indicated that he purchases frmn a certain denier as a nut-
ter of habit. It therefore was desired to find out if more consumers did
likewise. A study of the numler of years consumers have used their pre-

sent dealer's milk are shown in Table XIII, hosed on reports from consumers.

Table XIII. Butter of Years Consumers have

Used Milk delivered by Their Present Dealer

 

 

Years Per cent of consumers
o - 2 36

2 - 1+ 6.5

u .. 6 153.0

6 - s 15.0

8 - 10 9.0

10 - 12 9.0

15 - 20 6.5

20 and over 2.0

 

There is little evidence to indicste that cansumers have a
habit of securing milk from one dealer exclusively, since 35 per cent
Of them here changed dealers within two years. It seems more probable

that the dealers who hhve imrroved creem line or color of milk by adding

Guernsey 0: Jersey milk huve been ehle to secure onsumers' trade at the
expense of the defilers who have been more reluctent to provide this hirhcr
duality predict.

T‘e fact thet adrinn rag rplwtively little unefifiloyment end rela-
tively few very poor f-miiies accounts far the foot that milk consumption
is nearly uniform during the year. However, it would seem thot the cries
of milk influences its consumption somerhat even tho‘eh Table XIII shows

only seven per cent of consumers purchasing milk due to price alone.

 

Tahles XI? and XY'show that the retail price of milk per quart
varies from eight to ten cents. There is nothing to indicate that price
end Quality are in any say releted. It would seem, therefore, thnt a
price adjustment is ttking piece which is slower’smong some dealers
than among others.

Tables XIV and XV s’ow the reports of the city milk inspector
for the year 1331 on the semmles of milk of the Adrian distributors. The
milk inspector obtains the semples from the wagons and trucks of the dis-
tributors. Tlese semnles are analyzed by the city chemist for sediment,
butterfat, and hecteria. The tables also show the retail price asked by
each dealer during most of 1331. It will be noticed thet there is no
relationship between quality and price, and that there is little uniformity
in the quality of milk from the sane dealer. Five series of tests were
made during the year, and in some ooses, three samples were run in a

series.

 

 

 

 

0.: m4, m4, mt.“ .o .g.m new .9...“ .nd m m
we .9
won Mom mom mom Mom .0 ogob .Q .onHub. onom m -
nem are m3 mg m.., dd .0 .né Adm .n m m
oz;
fin: mfg m..fl 00+." mo}, .0 um.“ snow ogow onHow OH 0
m.m .o
0.: .s we mzm em .0 .o A; .m.m .o m z
\ QM rem
\ . 1 w... New .n.m A:
l? m; m.» 9m m._... .a .n .n .0 AS w m
0:» A:
w.“ .95...
0:.» Wm m.m m3 m.m .n .n .n .a.m .9w 2 m
Qu
N; d: mi fin 4..., .0 9m .9 em em a a
m g m m H m x n m H .28
uefiuww aoapom «wae
moans
ammo meg peepsmo newneuHsm seam» passwomm meuem season

 

.ucpdeappmwn mono a; uopfieoem scape Hawemm esp kpae .ammfl Meagan sonoemmsn xaam_hpwo we»

no nofipomhwn mg» hows? mmcfl kfiam vexhcm mo we named uwyheavfim cum quEwUmm one ho ouaflnom .bHH eases

Teble XIV. Con‘d.

 

Buttsrfst content per cent

Sedhnent tests

Dealer'Beteil

 

Price

per
cuart

Series

{Lt

ri

 

Ht 8

 

 

C\ to
o o
I" ‘\ f" ‘\

Ft
0
I“ \

O

S.D.

S.D.

10

0C)

3.21"

l

U.)

(.2- H
O
(f)

S.D.

SOD.

(.0

U\ M
C 0
NW N\

3.2

U

S.D. S.D.

S.D.

11

u) r~
F": :J'
01 rt
er ;$

WW '3' r«' \
r4 03
-‘J U»
: N
t :3‘
Q Q
U)
Q ‘13
(’3
(3 can:
p-
F-I Q
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0 {5-1
. n
I CC“
to
£3
Cd {'5
r‘l H

"N

1.!

:3‘

O O
F“ N\

;€
f‘"\
Cd
m
C2:
F‘u PW
m

0
NW

C
0
U

0
Q

C
U)

0 0
C3 (1“.
U) U)

C
L;
0"!
O\
[n
H

O!
9
"N

3.2

S.D.

\0

3.7

‘4.0

4.1

HH

rfifi‘x

SoD. S.D- SoD-

S.D.

- Clean
S.D. - Slightly Dirty

O.

17

- Dirty
V-D- 9 Very Dirty

67.

000.00

 

 

 

 

 

000. .9 80.0.9 08.00060 000.80. m 30.: m w
000.0HH
000.0: 000.0m0. 000.00w.~ 000.000.0H 000.00: 0 e
001m 000.: 000.000; 000. wan 000; m ,0
000.2
000.1% 000.9 000.00 09.00 . 000.8 2 m
000.085
000.: 00.0.0006 000.000.? 9.0.02.2 000.: m in
000.0
000.000; 000.00...
000.2 000.80; 000.000; 000.000; 000.0 m m
80.9
- - 000...;
000.3 000.0006... 80.8.... 000.02. 000.0. 0H m
0000...."
000.0 . 000;
03.8 000.000; 000.036 000.00~.~ 0 ......0. m a
m +0 W n . q I... H 3.9311
«anew twee hen 93.009
00.3%... it... firm .93 E. nope...h..fi..mu 06-.....0 Hem swwmuodm ooze depot”.

 

.....pfiebflm are .3 0839e 82m 25% we. fir... .33 e320 33$qu

#22 E0 on... no 82028 es 325 3.... ......2m p8,»...2 «0 «sushi Hmflopoam e0 333”. .5" 3.0%

 

 

 

000;

000.0. 000. 00.. .m. 000. 00. .8 000. 00.... . 0 000.0 m
000.HH 000.0mm 000.000.0 00c.0mm 0:0.00 m
000.~n - 000.0mn

0.0.: 000. sum 000600.02 09.60.... 00.0.0 0
000.0: 000.0.~.m 000.000.00m 000.0.m.m 000.s: m

000.000.HH .

000.3 000.0000... 000. mm; 000.000 000.8 0H
89% 000600.00 000.000.0m .... 000.0005 0
000.00
000. 000.0. 000. 00.... . 00 000. 000 . 00 00.... 000.m 000. mm m
08.0 0.03.0. 000.0006 000.003.... 000.0. m

.-JA 3.5..

(C -re m
000600 . 80.30 000.0033 000.3 000.2 0H

m w - W M: 4. dupes
«0.23m uses... pom uwdmen

 

Defiem Haeamw

 

agents mw.H0 me» up use..00000,od0e0 use eweoeoem,

.mecoo .em aspes

69.

for ISC?QY9“CIt 0f Silk sunnly.

 

Consamers were asked to surgest methods for imnroving the pre-
sent merket milk situation in Adrian. Forty—eirht per cent of tlose in-
terviewed gave no answer, indicating thct tlry are satisfied With confli-
tions as they are. Another fourteen per cent bod no sugrestion to offer.
These evidently recosnize that a problem of distribution exists, but they
are unatle t3 offer a solution to the problem. Thus, 63.h3 per cent of the
consumers interviewed were not n7le to offer any constructive smgNestion
for imnrovement of the Sltl”tlon as it now exists. An additional h.9
per cent definitely sold they are satisfied with corditions of marketing
23 they are at present.

Fourteen and six-tenths per cent of the consumers criticised
the milk price situation. Twelve end two-tenths per cent sus'ested a
10""1' retail price and ”7.14 per cent til-.'T-‘JF-‘llt tl'tst the price of milk slould
be arbitrerily set. They m-de no sue estion in citlor ones as to method
of accomplishing the task.

Zoning of the city was Bur‘ested by M.9 per cent of the consumers,
with one or tro dealers restricted to each zone. A number of dealers also
mentioned the zoning problem during the interviews, hut they all said th't
it would not be possible for then to erree on territory.

Kore thorough insoection and control of the milk supply as a
moons of imoroving the situetion ups suscested by 12.2 per cent of the

consumers .

7o.

Attitfide of Consumers Torirdofzice of Filk

Consumers were asled if they considered the price of milk too
high in relation to the price of other food products. A summary of the
answers indicates that 37 per cent think the price of milk too high, and
63 per cent feel it is tuo low. It is known thrt at the beginning of
1931 nearly all milk sold in Adrien at ten cents a quart, end that during
the year a drop of one cent occurred. In some cases declers decreased
their price tvo cents, but the mojoritr of them were still selling milk
at nine cents at the end of 1} 1. 'fllls a drop of ton per cent occurred
in the ret 11 price of milk dirin: 1931, stile the Survey of Current
Business report that the United States Bureau of Labor index of retoil

food rrices decreesed from 132.8 to 113.0 during the some period. (33){39).

 

It is interesting to note that the decrease in price of milk
during the year had no permanent effect on consumption. It is doubtful
if there was a noticeable change in consumption, even of a temnornry na-
ture.

The percentage variation of fluid milk per month and the per-
centage voriation in daily'consumption per month for 1331 is shown in
Table XVI and Figure III. It is evident that consumntion is lirh during
the smmer months, when milk is used as a better-we to a gre-~ter dot-free
than in the winter. A verivtion of .033 quarts is shown from August to
December in the per Capita consumption of‘milk. The per capita consump-
tion in August, as calculnted by dividing the average dsily deliveries of
Each distributor by the total pOpulstion of the city, as given by the
1930 census, is .259 ousrts. For December the per caritn consumotion is

.h26 quarts.

 
 
 
 

MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE

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DEPARTM ENT OF MATHEMAT'CS

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Only on. «ii-tribute: had, record- 0: daily distribution or min.
A rout. covering. about (mo-fourth of thn are: of the city, dud «Hm
Emma"! of nearly 0.11 Itntu of loci-t3, m «located, and th.

wt or all: distribution or milk obtained 0.- thorn in Tabla MI in

the Appcndix.

9401. m. mom Don-nuptial: of Fluid mu par Knuth in Adrian, Am
Ml: Donn-ption per Month and Pawns. Variation in 0.11; Gan-ug-
tion p02 loath for 1931.

 

 

httl for Your 1,738,320

Daily Home. 4762.0

—* W
m . Total por month At. 4011: wmuption of monthly
quarto (1m “3&0
Juan: 144.655 4663 97.9
February ‘ 132,020 4715 99.0
m 145.289 4719 99.00
April 139.980 4666 97.0
in; 146,506 4726 99.:
Jun- 140,650 4850 101.!
an: 154.504 4984 104.6
August 155,062 0002 105.0
aqua» 145.520 4004 102.0
Outohr 140,752 4702 90.1
lav-hot 139,680 4656 97.7
m: 141.794 4574 96.0

72

Tohlo XVIII ohowo 0 comparison of tho ovorogo oonomption of
lilk for tho roopootivo day- of tho rook during the throo visitor months. .
Mar, Junior: ond rem), ond during tho two ourmor nontho, J01:
all m. Tho oonomtion for oooh roopootivo do: no totolod and or-
Iroiod ond roducod to o poroontogo booio. Figaro IY ohooo thooo romlto
in o graph. Tho Sunday oonounption of nilk during tho Iintor no 311011
gator than for on; othor day of tho rook. Honour, during tho mr
tho Sundayoonomnption no not as high or for Ronda: out but olightl:
“on tho consumption for tho rmindor of tho oook. Prohohly tho oxodno
of pooplo tron tho city for took-0nd tripo and to 10.190 cottagoo, ond
_ tho habit of pnrohooing thoir Sonia; oupply of nilk from otoroo on Sat-
urday 1- ruoponoiblo for tho lo'or Smithy oonounption of .111: during

tho omr Iontho.

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£953
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papa?» mu... 0.33.an ward .3 noscbaano M32 mmepebd 23 mo now “pagan .HHHSn cannon.

MICHlGAN STATE COLLEGE

 

 

 

 

 

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DEPARTM ENT OF MATH EM ATICS

7%.

During the winter season Kondey is almost invariably a low de-
mand day, due probably to the fret that Consumers over-stock on Sunday and
use up the milk surnlus on Monday, and to the fact that Monday is usually
waéh day on} so that the housewife does not demnnd as much milk for cook-
ing. The probability that consumers over-stock with milk on Sunday is
borne out by he fact that Sunday soles are hiéher then Sunday soles du-
ring July and August, when consumers are away from home on Sunday.

Studies of dealer distribution of cross were not satisf"ctory
in many cases. bony distributors are in the habit of nurchesing cream
from the Kicfirnn £11k Producers Comrany and paying Cash for it. They
keep no records of the transaction and are thus unable to give accurate
informution as to tie amount they distribute from day to day.

Since it was felt that the eetimetes of soles of cream were
not sufficiently accurate to 330w daily and weekly variction, the records
of one dealer whose routes cover the city and rhose records were comulnte
were selected to slow the Variation in consumntion of cream by months.

The results, stown in Figure V and Table XIX , indicate
that the total consumption of ere-um is increased during the summer months.
This may be due to the feet thct consumers mcke ice—creem and other frozen
desserts in the summer in their own home. Probably the berry sesson end
the increase of store buying is also nortly resronsible for the incrersed
consumption of cream during the sumrer months. A further study of the
distribution of cream by days of the week was rude by taking the daily
sales of a tyricel route end compuring the oversee winter $9163 for De-
cember, Jenur y, and February, with the over re s lee for July and Aurust.

The results, sLown in Figure VI. and Table XX. indicate that the con-

sumption of cream is high on Suudeys and low on Kondny.

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MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE

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77.

Holidays effect the consumption of milk and cream in much.the
same way as Sundays. Wten it is customary for peeple to remsin at home
on Sunday, as in the winter, the consumption of cream is greatly increased.
When they are in the habit of going to lakes, the consumption is decreased.
In the same way, on holidays when it is customary for peOple to go to lakes
or summer cottages, the consumption of milk and cream is decreased. fihen
it is customnry to celebrate the holidoy by feasting, consumntion is greatly
increased. Consumption of milk is increased some days before the holiday
probably due to its use in cooking. Cream consumption is greatly increased
on the holiday itself.

Many other factors affect the consumption of milk and cream.
Some of these cannot be quantitatively measured since they do not appear
in rEgulsr order. Such factors as vacations from college, vacations of
the family, presence of children in the fnmily and visitors With children

all affect the consumption of milk.

78.

can." T779 mots
'JA'. Mug vs.

Securing reliz'le information rcgnrding the fluid.milk situa-
tion in a market like the Adrian mcrkct is a difficult task. Those from
whom it would be desirnlle to secure dnta are often poorly informed and
unable to Five the trpe of information desired.

Consumers slow a decided lock of understanding of the mrrket
milk business. leck of a modern conception of qunlity or of the im-
portance to them of the welfare of the dairy industry.

Declers generelly lack a far sifihted Viemnolnt of their busi-
ness and, therefore, do not have a firm grovmdwork on which progress
might be mode. Producers lack a enirit of cooperative effort which would
aid them in securing a better market from the distributor.

Improvement may be brourht about in the Adrien market tFTOUfih
adoption of a were rigid milk ordinance reeulqting the production end
distribution of milk in Adrian. Such an ordincnce would provide for con-
trol of the milk surply through rell oualified insoectors, thus safeguard-
ing the heelth of the community. Furthermore, it rould regulpte the
scnitnry condition of the forms from which the city sunoly of milk comes,
and it would improve the sanitary condition under which the milk is pro-
cessed and distrituted. These improvements would result in a‘hicher
quality of milk beiuz furnished to consumers in the city. It would cause
those who ere now producing end dietritutinr milk without sufficient e-
ouipment to secure a srtisfectory rroduct, to imrrove or to ston selling
in the Adrien market. The tendency would tlen be for all milk sold in
the city to be e*ual to the host now sold. Such a system would help
prevent nrice c’ttine, cut—throat competition, "me many wastes in the

present marketing svetem.

79-

Further improvement may be brought about thro ch the develop-
ment of more setisfectory attitudes on tie part of producers, distribu-
tors, end consumers. Since unsatisfactory attitudes are often the result
of lock of information, those concerned should be sunolied with informa-
tion whidh will lend them to a brOsder unders+ending and a sympathetic
Vientoint toward other agencies concerned with the production, distribu-
tion, and consumption of milk

Producers and distributors should be encouraged to keep records
so they may know more about the condition of their business. They should
be required to produce a higher quality product end to study carefully
methods of reducing costs without eliminating quality or services which
are demanded by consumers.

Consumers should he educated toward using 3 hieher Quality
product, measured, not only by fat content and cream line, but more par-
ticularly by bacterial content. Tley should he informed es t3 the fac-
tors making up the price of milk, so they will deveIOp a better attitude
toward the whole nerket situ tion.

Inforietion of this tyle can be presented to people through
the press, throuph schools, through extension puhlicstions end lectures,
and through the work of city offici ls who ere pronerly informed. The
accomplishment of these aims would g» fer toward assuring encll cities
of michigen an adequate and safe supply of milk.

Distributors might be encouraged to consolidate their plants,
so that they would have a larger volume in pronortion to their eouipment
costs, and thereby decreese the costs oer snort of milk. They could

also reduce the amomnt of dunlicetion of routes by this me me and would

decrease the a cunt of duplication of equiomont rhich now exists to supply
the city with milk. A Consolidation of dealers rould enable them to dispose
of surolus milk to a much better adventoge, since the smell dealer lacks
equiprent to hnndle surflus effectively.

A cooperative orgunisation of producers has also been sugqeeted.
Such an organization would have to be a brcnch of an ornnnizstion covering
all the milk shed of the primery'morket in order to be effective in the
Adrien mnrket. It sould well be a branch of the hichiron Eilk Producers
Association, and should supply the loc'l dealers with milk or should enter
the distributing business itself. At the present time it is doubtful if
a producers' cooperrtive orgenizction distributing milk in the Adrien
market would do more then add another comnetitor to the large number of

middlemen rlrerdy present.

31.

sun-i: on

1. There have been no complete studies made of the market milk
situation in small Michigan cities.

2. The price received by producers for the Adrien market varies
greatly. In some cases producers receive a flat rete end in other cases
they received a premium amounting to the hnuling charge, above the Michigan
milk Producers Company price.

3. There was no rel"tion between the price received and the
quelity of milk produced.

1+. Sixty—eight per cent of prodicers attenuated to provide a
uniform production of milk by breeding at different periods of the year»

ixteen per cent attemnted no control.

5. Price received is the chief footer in determining where a
producer will sell his product.

5. The average inves ment in eouioment for retoiling milk is
$2,“?3.33 for the dealer-distributors and $358.21 for the producer-dis-
tritutors.

7. Fifty-two per cent of all milk distributors on the Adrien
market have entered the morket since 1930. Due to lower prices since
1330 their investment is less than for older distributors.

8. Fifty-nine per cent of all milk distributors, handling
76 per cent of the milk, desire a more strict city milk ordinrnce.

9. Tie duplicrtion of routes in idrinn srounted to 75 per cent.

10. Consumption of milk and creom is ii her in sumrwr than in

winter, end hisher Saturdsy end Sundry then on other d~ys of the week.

€32.

ll. Srmdny males are not as righ tel-tire to other dcys of the
week durinr tige summer as during; tie winter.

2. A more rigid city milk ordinance and an effort to supply
producers, distributors and cinemas-rs Vith infomzction regarding; t1'2e
meriteting of milk, are the logicz‘l stops tower-3. improvement of the

sit-lietion.

£19”sz D IX

Conies of questionnaires end the routes of individual dis-
tributors are included in tie Aeoendix. The questionncires Key be used
to indicate the method of securing information and the type of informa-
tion wrich was secured. The mops indicate the duplication of routes
by different distributors. This material would detract from the cen-
tral thought if placed in the text, but should be of Volue if one

wished to study small city markets still further.

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