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E . .. \ .u . y . . y . > :1 2: (r. .... . . ~ \- . . . . . r o . I I' ‘ t . . ; . . ‘ .u 1: .-.. n .a . I Q ‘ . . . P. u . ..a. q I x . ‘ .a... 4 - t .4'? l . . .. o . . . l — o» p. . . . . .9 . u o 4;. . ,r'u ...: .... . o. J . '1 r. I. ; .o u . .. . . s 1 . ...». I . . .H y I v _ . u . » . V I ‘.‘I x . ...: .. I .. . .....L.\ y . .Q. a I . . I x .5: .14. . « . 4 A .,A ~ . I» .f .‘ . .1. 9.. P I A p I . .. ...» . ...y I. v .4. : u y - ..w. I x — c J. . . 43¢ ...-.. in r .o - 543.4 .3 ma: .mJ >¢m<20 bmoaxoom wZOhmMSS mmJIqu I m in ...z.on zomcmu I in 52.0.. 4u><>>dm9 noun huewnounopud any ma ssaahnqopuaufinm no aoauoan¢> can «manage no nuoHPHuom oaamunwwpanuu obflpwaom SPE"IEIC CRITERIA: ‘1'. '1 n.4n the writer first began this work he expected to find about three or four varieties of Prismatoohyllum in the Afton—Onaway area. This belief was based on the fact that in the field, the differences between species anneared slight, save for the size of the corallites. It was obvious why Rominger, who rarely made thin- sections, grouped all Prismrtophyllum under two species. After a microscopic examination, however, the number of species identified increased greatly and certain criteria, originally believed to he of value had to be abandoned as means of specific differentiation. ihe number and shape of carinae per septum in transverse section, the shape of tatulae in logitudinal section, the exact shape of the calyx and the shape ~f the coralla appeared to have little meaning in the determination of species. On the other hand, it was found that the mean total diameter* of the corallites of any one variety, even though variable within a few millimeters is of definite value when an average is obtained from many measurements of mature corallites. * The mean total diameter of a.prismatic corallite is an average of its smallest and largest diameter in transverse section, usually at right angles to each other. It is essential to select a.large corallum for the measurements because gemmation is very apid in small coralla, and even mature corallites are freduently constricted as a result of congested living space. Coralla with little budding, therefore, give the most reliable averages. The number of septa is almost constant in the ephebic stage of any of the species. Usually one definite number predominates, although two neighboring even numbers may be equally frequent in one corallum. The character and thickness of the peripheral intercorallite boundaries is a good criterion if the boundaries are either straight or strongly serrate. Commonly, however, types are intermediate, with wall straight on one side of a.corallite and serrate on another. Here the character of the boundary depends on whether or not septa of neighboring corallites meet peripherally. Wherever they do, the wall is straight; where they do not, the wall is serrate. These types can be distinguished from the truly straight or truly serrate— walled species, for the latter are practically straight (Fig. 21) or serrate (Plate 17) regardless of the relative position of septa in neighboring corallites. Although their size and shape are generally variable, the number of dissepinents is of value in specific differentiation. It is necessary, when counting them, to select a.longitudinal section of a.mature corallite, since all species have few or no dissepiments in their neanic stage. A transverse section is of less 10 value because a globose dissepiment may be intersected at two points by the section, thus making the count in a transverse section invar- iably higher than the true count obtained from a.longitudinal view. (Plate I, Fig. H). In the Genshaw forms, however, little reliance can be based on the number of dissepiments in a single corallite, because the number varies widely not only between in“ividual cor- allites, but on opposite sides of a single corallite as well, (Plates 12, 1h, 16). The ratio of the diameter of the tabularium to the mean total diameter of the corallite is slightly doubtful criterion, for the ratio varies within about 15% within some corella, as well as among corelle of one species from different localities. This var- iation, the writer believes, is not a true specific criterion, but rather may represent a slight variation of living conditions of the corals_in the seas of Traverse time, whicn Smith (19kg) and others believe to have been fluctuating. The ratio, furthermore, is dif- ficult to measure in some species where the inner wall is obscured by tabellae.‘ rrl Ihe number, character, and type of carinae are all useful to a limited extent, but no fine distinction can be based on them. The factor that determines the shape, number, and clarity of car- inae in the transverse section, is the approximate angle which the * The term "tabella" is here used to describe a small skeletal element intermédiate between a.dissepiment and a true tabula (Plate I, Fig. A). Tabellae occur on the boundary between the tabularium and the dissepimentarium of several species. ll carinae make with the svis. This vertical angle tends to be small in some species and high in others, but varies greatly within in- dividual coralla, especially in those occurring in the Jenshaw form— ation. This variability in character is clearly shown in Plates 12 and 1M. Carinae, furthermore are arched in the axial region of many corellites in some Species to such an extent, that they be— come almost horizontal near their axial and in spite of the fact that their initial vertical angle with the walls (Parallel to the axis), may have been as low as 10-200 at their peripheral end. Therefore, if carinae are to be examined, a longitudinal section must be used, and this section should be almost coplanar with one or two septa in each corallite. Their overall vertical angle with the axis must be determined, for where this angle is smite, carinae will appear distinct in transverse section, yet where it is obtuse, carinae will show only as irregular dilations of variable length, depending on the degree of parallelism between Carina. and transverse section at that point. (See Plate I, Figs. P and C.) Occasionally, Carina may be entirely invisible in trans— verse section, where the section happens to pass between the alnost horizontal portions of two carinae. (Plate I, Fig. D}. Explanation of Plate I Fig. A Illustrating tabellae (shown by heavy lines) in long- ifiudinal section. See page 1'. Figs. B,C,D The relationship of carinae in longitudinal and trans- verse section (see plz.). Figs. E,F,G Types of carinae in transverse section: E, "diamonds" or "yardarms"; F, ”triangles"; G, "elbows". Fig. E Three septa with these removed, showing the complex curvature of dissepiments in perspective view. page '0) . (All figures diagrammatically exaggerated and not to scale). Plate 1. RATE OF GROW? During field work in the spring of l9h2, the writer observed peculiar markings on some weathered coralla, which consisted of ncrallel grooves and ridges, about 3mm apart, running entirely around some corolla as if formed by surfaces perpendicular to corallite axes at all points. the markings were most distinct on "porous" coralla from the Gravel Point fonaation near the Eunker farm S 1/“ cor. Sec 18, T 3H N, R l W, and the Gorbut school, SW l/u of the NW 1/u, Sec 33, T 3h N, R 1 w, but they are visible also on some "hard-preserved" coralla from the Genshaw formation. Che mark- ings are not distinct in fossils from all horizons, but they are not restricted to the Traverse Group. They have been illustrated from Ohio by Stewart (1938, Plate 10, Fig. 1) even though no mention of the phenomenon is made. In longitudinal thin—sections of these specimens, a periodic decrease in size of dissepiments was observed, approximately evenly spaced, occurring in all corallites at the same level of growth, and accompanied by a thickening of the dissepiments and septa, high develOpment of carinae, and a buncniny of tabulae immediately above or at the thickened dissepiments._ Furthermore, the constricted dissepiments and bunched tabulae trace eractly the calicular outline as if the corallites gradually decreased their rate of growth to a total stagnation, then suddenly recovered their high degree of metabolism 13 only to stagnate again some 3mm higher distally. Thus it appears that these structures, corresponding to annuli on trees, fisn-scales and other organisms, are evidence of a variable rate of growth of the coral. Since the Variations are periodic’;, they are undoubtenly the result of periodic changes of environment, or more specifically of seasonal temrerature variations of the sea water. Such seasonal variations may be accounted for in two ways. First, they may be considered to be the result of a seasonal temperature variation of the atmosphere, assuming that the water was shallow. Second, they may be the result of seasonal currents, or a combination of both. It is known that the Middle Dev- onian seas had outlets to the south, and it is believed (Kelly, 19MB) that Devonian glacial erratics, found scattered in the Lake Superior region several hundred miles north.of any known Devonian outcrop indicate a similar outlet to the north, even though no outcrOps have been found there. The possibility of large-scale cold or warm cur— rents, therefore, nust not be discounted. Vang an (1917) has shown experimentally at the Tortugas laboratory that reef corals seek such environments that will give them a,maximum of sunshine and perish or become abnormal if artificially placed in the dark. Since, excluTina all other factors, the depth penetration of light—rays in sea water is proportional to the inclination of the l4 rays, a:d.this, is turn, varies with the season, there will be a seasonal variation in light intensity at any given depth penetrated by the rays. lhe intensity will be a maximum when the incident angle of the rays is the greatest, (summer), and it will be a min— imum when it is the least, (winter). The light intensity variations therefore, will be "in phase" with the temperature variations, and will tend to reenforce their effects. Atmospheric cloudiness, water turbidity, and.planktonic life will, of course, tend to de— crease the light intensity. These effects cannot be rationally estimated, however. There is, of course, no assurance that variable water temp- eratures and radiation intensity are the only factors causing the develooment of annuli in Prismatophyllum and corals in general. Variations in turbidity, salinity, pressure, and.tie movement of sear water are known to influence the metabolism of corrls to a.great extent (Vaughan, 1917), but it is the writer's belief that it would be extremely difficult to justify the assignment of seasonal character- istics to such agencies. finnuli, such as th0se discussed above, have been observed in corals of the western Pacific by T. Y. E. ha.(1933) who gives a monthly table of surface water temperatures at twelve points around Japan, and the rate of growth of a recent reef coral at these stations at present as well as in recent geologic time. HH magma mm.w m mummeH namfigmm :w.m w m.~m m.mH «EHNLmHmRmmwmo NH.J m w.mm w.mH Adhumomv ouoEwmsm $.m m TE fiwfl Cgv .mEméJEmS. :o. p 5mm +13 c.3335 93p“: deHEQNo Am1mpw huhmna copm< Edbwfixm .m .1 H mammd< umaon Hoonom nmmmpn mmmwmwmmpc 8:5MHHw .m 0.: m.m m.: M = : muam Ema #0309 Hquppmx .m O.m m.m m.m m awnmmoc pmpon uppwda mMNA Momam axmofiop .m Aeav AEBV Aauv mpqmamnfinmmm _ ammumh< .CHE .Nmfi mo Ampadz moapwenom muddwoon moaoomm mafia on Hmaaahmm omnfimmoa moqupmad magnuspaopw 15 Conperine growth-rate data from the corels of the Traverse Group with those living et present in Janeneso waters (Cable II.) as to the probable temperature of the 1reverse Sea must assume that the variation of growth—rate with tempereture is comparable for Prismetophyllun end Fevie saeciose, the species studied by He. “9 Whether or not such an assumption is reasonable is, of course open “I to debate, regardless of the apparent comparability of the size 0 ectuel yearly increments. If it is correct, however, one mry make uctions es to the probable climate of Traverse time from V): certain 6e the growth-rate dete, piecing this region in the sub—tropical belt. Such a deduction is suggested by the pery presence of reef corals, however, and could be mede independently as well. The temperature and light intensity variations would be somewhat greater in the sub- tropical regions that in the vicinity of the equator, and the writer believes, therefore, that the strong snnuli observed in some corals of the Traverse Group make a sub-tropical climate more probable for that period. The writer is not inclined to state whether or not the growth rings can be used for purposee other then abstract speculations on the environments of ancient seerbottoms, such as stratigraphic cor- relations, fecies problems, etc. Such and other applications may become possible when the growth rings are more fully described and collected in larger nuentities fromnore widespread localities. gpecific des criptions P hylum CCELEETTERAT A Class KITHO ZCA Order TETRACORALLA Fem i l y C YATHOP HYLL I DAE Genus PRISSATOPHYLLUM Simpson, 1900 Remarks: The species described are assigned to the genus Prismatophyllum) genotype P. prisngg Lang &. Smith (1935, p. 558). The writer did not eve an opportunity to consult the original genotype, but used the ex- cellent descriptions and figures given by Lang &. Smith (op. cit.), Stewart (1933 pp. 50—51) and Stainbrook (19140, pp. 273—271;). The species do not belong to the genus Acervularia Linné, for their tabulae are simple. The difference has been well discussed and illustrated by Steinbrook (igho), and others. Prismatoohyllum houceki, Paul, n. sp. (Plates 5-?) The corelluh is massive, cerioid, convey above to a Varv ing degree, roughly round or elliptical in outline. Its size is variable, up to about 300m in Ciameter and_10cm high, although coralla.gbout 19-20cm in diameter are the cost abundant and commonly found complete at the type locality. Caliees are hounded by sharp peripheral walls, less than .5mm high. Celicular bottoms slope gently toward the central pit, usually about 2mm deep, with steep walls and more or less flat bottom. Only one corallum was observed in which corallites have a slight tendency to grow independently. The proximal surface (peritheca) is rough and finely grooved, with coarse, concentric growth ridges. Transverse section: Mature corallites are polygonal with thin, straisht or curved peripheral walls, occasionally serrate where septa of neighbor- ing corallites do not meet. The average mean diameter is about 9—13mm, but the corallites exhibit marked variations in size. The septa range in even numbers up to MO, but 36 is the usual number. They are very fine, carinete, crenulate or irregular, seldom straight, and all extend into the tabularium. The difference between major and minor septa.is very slight, for they are all comparatively short, usually about 2/3 of the mean corallite radius. Carinae are fine and commonly of the "triangle" type, but other types are present. In mature corallites, they average about 6 per septum and extend almost 18 as far into the tabularium as the septa. Dissepiments are fine, 1 only sli itly bunched toward the tabularium, usually h—Y between a pair of septa. They do not form a.distinct ring around the tabul— arium, and the inner boundary is, therefore, vaguely defined. The tabularium has a diameter about 1/2 of the total diameter in the ephebic stage, and erhibits tabular edges in most corallites. The corallite is divided into a.tabularium and a dissepimentar— ium by almost clear line formed by the innermost row of steeply in- clined rows of numerous fine, small, globose dissepiments. The tsbulae are fine, flat or irregular, and show a sharp transition into disseoiments. They sometimes split, or bend upwards, near the inner wall, but usually they meet the dissepiments at an angle approaching 90 . Carinae are fine, slightly arched distally, about (0 . _o , .. . .3mm -part, and make angles around Mb with the aXIB where a septum is coplanar with the section. In the early neanic stage the dissep— imentarium is absent. Calicinal budding is very common, and clearly visible in most longitudinal sections. Remarks: the 3b thin, short septa and thin, slightly crenulate walls are characteristic of this species. E;_Egttneri is somennat similar to E;_bouceki, but it has a larger number of septa (38—MO), a wider tabularium (3/5 of total corallite diameter), and thicker, more distinctly serrate peripheral W911 S o ihe species is named in honor of my teacher, Docent, Dr. Eedrich Poucek of Charles University, Praha, Czechoslovakea. Tyne locality and grourrencet The holotype, HF 25—1, and the paratypes, HF 25-”, FF 25-5, HF 25-8, HF 25—9, and HF 25—10 were all collectei from floa¢ in the western end of the abandoned Black Lake quarry, 1/2 mile west of the Cnaway State Park boundary, SW 1/“, NW l/u, Sec. 7, T 35 N, R 2 E, Prisque Isle county, hichigan. There is no doubt that the specimens came from the shale of the Ferron Point formation near the top of the quarry face. The holotype is conspecific with a specimen found in the Ferron Point Shale of the Rockport quarry, Sec. 6, T 32 N, R 9 E, Alpena.county, Michigan. Prisratoohyllum kettneri, Faul, n. Sp. (Plates 9-16) The corallum is cerioid, massive, probably up to 50cm in diameter and 20cm high. It is irregularly convex above and commonly concentrically wrinkled below. The calicinal surface of the holotype, a.large fragment, 25cm long, is not preserved. Calices of a paratype in which the upper surface of the corallum is preserved are very variable in shape and depth with low but sharp peripheral boundaries. The angle of slope varies from gentle to steep, but is never flat. The transition from platform to calicinal pit is gradual, even though the walls of the pit may be almost vertical. The depth of the pit is greatly variable even with- in one single corallum. Transverse section: The corallites are circular to polygonal in outline, de— pending on the degree of maturity, and greatly variable in size, (7 to 11mm) with an average mean diameter of lOnm. in the holotype, but only 7 to 8mm in some paratypes (TBS. HF Bu-l, HF 25—7). The septa range from }M to H“, but average 36 to M0. They are thin, commonly showing a.marged dilation adjacent to the peripheral walls, commonly crenulate or somewhat irregular, but frequently straight. The major-minor diVision of septa,is distinct in some corallites, but varies greatly in clarity among corallites and coralla. Carinae are distinct in some corallites but may be obscure or apparently lacking in neighboring corallites or even in the opposite portion of the corallite. This alparent sporadic devel- Opment does not indicate the absence of carinae, but is interpreted as being due to the variable angle at which carinae are interseéted by the transverse section. Discussion of this factor has been given in an earlier part of this paper (pp. 10, ll and Plate 1). xhe carinae ertand into the tabularium almost as far as the septa, but this distance is in itself greatly variable from corallite to corallite. Peripheral walls are thick and strongly serrate in the holotype and some paratypes, but the serrate character is not con- stant in other paratypes. The thick walls are regarded as character- istic, however. There is an average of about 6 dissepiments between a pair of septa, but the number is extremely variable, and may be as low as 2 or 3 and as high as 10. They are invariably fine, commonly peripherally convex, forming arcs. In some instances these arcs are in circles of equal or nearly equal radii, thus producing the effect of a distinct inner ring around the tabularium (paratypes HF 18-1, HF 20—1, HF 2u-l, etc.) Whether or not the dissepiments are per— ipherally convex or concave in transverse section, depends largely on whether they have been intersected in their axial or their per— ipheral portion, however. Their spacing is generally sub—enual and 1‘) l0 and they are not bunched toward the tabularium, hich exhibits numerous tabular edges. The ratio between tabularium diameter and total diameter is about 1/2, but cannot be determined with certainty, in all corallites, for the tab larium boundary is not always in the form of a well- defined inner wall. Longitudinal section: The corallites are clearly divided into a.tabularium and a dissepimentarinm, but no sharp inner wall can be defined, for the transition is invariably obscured by numerous tabellae. Dissepiments are globose or lenticular and arranged in more or less regular inclined rows. The number of dissepiments in a.row is variable among corallites of any corallum as well as among different paratypes. The extremes lie between 2 and 10, with an average near 5. Deoartures from the average are common and little significance is placed on these variations. In one specimen, an erratic collected in the miarry at Black Lake, and probably derived from the lower Genshan, the number of dissepiments in a row approaches constancy. In this form there are three dissepiments in a row, except for one part of one corallite in which it has up to 10. Since the specimen was col- lected before the possible significance could be appreciated, it can~ not be determined whether the specimen should be regarded as an abnormal form, a mutation, or a different species. Since, at present, it is an isolated erample, it is figured, and referred With R) W some doubt to P. kettneri. .1 Jebulee are fine, nearly flet or irregular. The spacing is epperently without system and varies from .9 to shout 1.0mm, measured pgrallel to tne axis. Cerinee are distinct in longitudinal sections corlener with e.septum. they are éistelly erCRed to e.verying de- gree, end sometimes Become elmost horivontel exielly. PeripherElly they meke angles of shout ”5° with the walls and axis. This vertical engle, however, may be as great as 60—300, thus making it epnear in some transverse sections that cerinee are altogether absent. It can be seen in Plates 12 and 1h that these angles aoproach 90° in msny instances, especially toward the a;is. The distence between cerinae on any one septum averages about .25mm. They extend into the tabul- erium almost as for as the septa. Peripheral wells ere thick and irregular, trending straight, with evidence of eelieinel gemmation and Emmi“ ‘11 some were-types (Nos. m 214-1 and 25-7) Pemerks: P. kettneri is an extremely Variable species. It resembles end is closely related to P. bouceki, but differs from it in a greater thickness of wells and septa, and in the fact that P. bouceki has consistently non-serrate peripheral wells. Furthermore, tne tabularium of P. bouneki is yenerslly narrower (always less than 1/2 of the total diameter). The larce number of septa, the comparatively large corellites, end the absence of a strong inner wall readily distinguish P. tettneri from all of the Gravel Point forms. Within the Species itself, several varietal trends or mutations can be observed, none, however, constant enough to wrrrant the erect- tr nd is probably ion of a definite variety. Ehe most pronounced that toward a smaller size and more distin nctly outlined tabul riun than those of the nolotype. These trends are exemplified by para, 25— 7) from Hilligan Creek, the n4 5% types (Nos. HF 20—1, HF? ‘ . and from county line E l/M corner of Se c. 25, T 3" N, R u E, . the Bl: ck LaLe Quarrv. Tvne locality and occurrence: lhe holotype (HF 23-2) 'as collected 1 south of Black Lske Quarry, :3 '0 } J. ‘T H H. 23' Q) C H (... O :3 along the county-line road 2 3/” mi. .h mi. south of the E 1/” corner, Sec. 25, T Presoue Isle counti line Lichigan. ’ 5., The species occurs throughout the Genshaw formation, and paratypes have been selected from the following locelities Paratypes HF 18-1, HF 13-2 and HF 18—h were collected. from ,. . ‘ Irq 'IO - ’1 the Tower Dam Site, See. 3, T 34 N, R 1 n, m1cn., from tne Middle Genshaw. Paratype HF 15—1 was collected loose 1 1/u mi. N. of the 1/u o: the SE 1/u Sec. 2M, 35 K, R 2 W Afton quarry, SE Lichigen, probably from th ne upper “enshaw. Pa r.mt mces HF 13-1, HF 19-2, and FF 1o_3 were collected from ooer Genshan 1 mi. N. of Tower Dem site, along the road LA. the U near the center of Sec. 3“, T Paratype 29—1 near the SE corner of Sec. 30, comes from the middle Censiaw. Parotype HF BH-l res collected near the E l/u corner, Sec. 25, A side of a hill, 1 35 was collected from float, T 73 H P rom the mid le R l E, fiichigan. .4)/ along the county line road T 35 Y, R l P, on the north c .. \fen €1,123?" 0 Paratype 25-? was collected loose in the Black Lake quarry, F1 \' lowermost Gensham. Paratype HF 29-1 was collected in a dry gully about fi/h mi. W- SE i/M, Sec. 26, T 35 N, R a E, R 2 E, and.appears to have come from the £n_situ from the middle Genshaw of Rainy Falls, SE 1/” of the Hichigan. The soecies is named in honor of Professor Dr. Radim Kettner, of Charles University, Praha, Czechoslovakia. Prisms oohyllum SU- An incomplete specimen, No. HF 29-1 which was collected from the middle Genshaw formation in a ledge along a shallow ravine in the SE corner of Sec. 26, T 35 N, R 2 E, resembles P. kettneri. It has from 3M to 38 septa, generally obscure carinau an ill—defined D x) 13 p tabularium with a diameter about 1/2 of the total mean diameter. The corallites are variable in size, averagina about 8—9mm. The chief difference between this specimen and P. kcttneri are very thin)commonly straight peripheral walls, resembling those of P. aftonense. The number of sep 5, however, is much higher than ‘ that of P. aftonense, rissepiments are more nemerous, and the inner wall is much more indistinct. This form may represent a,new species, but the material col— lected is considered insufficient for the erection of a species or a variety. i\) _\] Prismatoonyllum e:-guum n. sp. The corollum is massive, cerioid, distally convex, usually 28 of up #10 about lO-EOcm in diameter, but some fragments indicate a s to about 50cm in diameter, and about 15cm high. Calyx and epitheca unknown. The majority of specimens show evicence of wear from wave action and are usually grown over by stromatoporoids. Transverse section: Corallites are polygonal with thick, strongly serrate walls. Their size is uniform, with n average mean diameter of 7 to 8mm. (0 Septa range in even numbers up to 38, but the usual number is 33 or 36 in mature corallites. They are straight or slightly crenulate, distinctly carinate, sometimes irregular near the center. All ex- tend into the tabularium. Kinor septa.are distinctly shorter than major septa.(by about .5 to 1.2mm), and some majors almost reach the axis of the corallites. Carinae, commonly less than 8 per septum, are of all types, the short "yardarms" (gill, 1335, 1. 301) being the most common. They are fine toward the periphery and become stronger as they aporoach the tabulerium. The boundary of the tabularium is formed ‘ oy slightly bunched, fine, simple dissepiments. The f issepiments, '1 usually about 6 to 5 between a pair of septa, do not form a distinct circle around the tabularium, and the boundary, therefore, is not very IL) C0 pronounced. The tabularium hrs diameter stout 1/2 of the total ‘2‘) rean diameter of the corallite, and shows numerous tabular edges. Longitudinal section: The corallite is clearly divided into the tabularium and the dissepimentariun. The boundary is a.sharp line or steep transition, although tabellae are locally developed- Tabulae are closely spaced, flat, slightly concave or convex, and highly variable in shape. 7" sissepiments are fine, globose, regular in most corallite (0 Carinae are pronounced, only slightly arched distally, visible where the section OltS a sentum at a low angle, and make an angle of about 30° with the corallite axis. Femarks: the cearacteristic features of this species are comparatively small corallites seoarated by a strongly serrate boundary, and.pos- sessing a large number of septa. It superficially resembles P. altimoenitum, but differs from it in the latter's higher number of septa (34—30), a slightly larger averafe mean diameter, and the character of peripheral boundaries (thick, and strongly serrate). Ihe species is named for its size (Lat, exiguus : small). irne locality and occurrence: t‘ ___‘ The holbype, HF 10-1, and the peretyoes HF 10—? and HF lu—E were all collected loose from the shallow eastern end of the karvin Quarry, 2 miles SE of Afton, SW 1/4 of the HE l/u, Sec. 7, T 3H 3, R l W, Chebcygan county, Hichigan. The species has also been collect,d from the Afton Quarry, U) 1 mile N of Afton, r3 1/M, ea 36, 35 N, R 2 W, Cheboygan county, hichigan. 3C Prismstoghyllum etiguum draperense, n. sp. et var. (Plates 19-20) Entire corallur u known. Fragments inoicate it to be massive, cerioid, 25cm in diameter and up to about 0 cm fll€l. Formed by calicinal genoation. Shape convex above, and arially more or less circular. Calyx unknown. El '1 “J :3 (J) 4: (D "5 (O (0 (O D \) ('1' H: O :3 1 Corallites irregularly polygonal, with thin, serrate walls, usually trending straight, but sometimes slightly curved. Nature corallites show a slight variation in nean diameter, averaging about 6 to 7 mm. (‘1‘ $91 a.straight, thin, locally somewhat thickened, distinctly carinete, 28 to 32 in number, averaging 30 in mature corellites. .ll septa penetrate into the tabularium, the majors almost reaching the Center in some corallites. Hear the center, they remain straight or bend irregularly, while the minors neretrate only about .5 to . 7mm . q Corinae re distinct and of various types, us‘ally short '3) 0 diamond shaped, n1 become more pronounced toward the tabularium on boundary. The usual number is about 6 per sentum. Bissepiments are fine, simple, usually about 5-7 between a pair of septa, and slightly bunched toward the tabularium. They do not form a distinct inner circle, however, and the tabularium 31 boundany is, therefore, not pronounced in most corallites. The mean tabulariun diameter is aoproximately 1/2 of the mean total diameter in mature corallites. Edges of tabulae are Visible in t3; 8 t gbul ar ium. Longitudinal section: Corallites distinctly divided into dissepimentarium and tabul rium, commonly by irregular lines formed by the innermost 'l'J f"; l dissepiments. -ransition from tabulae to dissepinents is sharp, and tabulae usually meet disse,irents at almost a right angle. Split- ting of tabulae near the boundary is rare. Disseuiments fine, glcbose, variable in size, usually regularly arranged in various ways. Carinae fine, about .3mm apart, distally arched, but meeting the inner wall at a high (almost right) angle, visible only where the section is almost coplanar with a septum. Superficially, P. exiguum draperense is quite similar to .L. P. eltimoenitum and P. exiauum. P. altimoenitum, however, has a smaller, more clearly defined tabularium, more (32) septa, and shorter ones, and a less serrate wall. The mature corallites of q P. altimoenitum are more uniform in size eno average slightly larger (7M)~ . exiguum differs from P. exiyunn QEEEEZEQEE chiefly by its larger number of seyta (BM—36), and a larger mean diameter of corallites, (Y—dmm). The senta of P. exiguum draperense are less distinctly cerinate, but otherwise similar. The variety is named after the type localitY- Wvoe locality and occurrence: Eoth the holotype, E‘F 21-1, and the joaratype, I—‘I‘ 21—2 were collected in situ from lower Alpena.beds correlated with the lower Gravel Point (Smith, lQMQ), in the southern road ditch along State highway M 33, 1 1/2 miles west of Onaway, just northeast of the old Eraper school, N 1/2 of the NW l/h of the NE l/u, Sec. 12, T 3M N, R l E, Cheboygan county, Michigan. The species does not occur at any other locality. 33 Prismatophyllum aftonense, Faul, n. sp. Plates 21—22. Corallum large, unknown. Only fragments have been found, some up to 50 cm. in diameter, convex above, massive, cerioid, about 30 cm. high, formed by calicinal gemmation, with no tendency of corallites to grow independently. Celices incompletely known, probably shallow, and with gently sloping bottoms. Transverse section: Corallites polygonal, in large coralla freouently regularly hexagon,l with walls thin, straight, or slightly ard assymetrically ’\) crenulate where sept..of neighboring corallites do not meet per- iphera_ly. Ihe core lites are fairly uniform in size, averaging 5.5mm in diameter. The septa range up to 36 in number, but aVerage 32 in mature specimens. Ehey are usually straign , but locally sinuous or quite irregular near the tabularium. They are clearly differentiated into majors and minors. major septa extend into the tabularium about 1/3 of its radius and the minors only about 2/3 of that amount. ihc septa are obscurely carinate, and the carinae are rarely visible in transverse section. Dissepiments are few in number, with only 3 to 5 between a pair of septa, axially far a art in the peripheral region of the corallites and closely bunched along the tabularium boundary (inner wall). This boundary is usually a clearly defined circle with a diameter aoout 3/5 of the mean diameter of the 34 corallite, displaying the edges of tabulae where intersected by the plane of the section. Longitudinal section: The corallite is clearly divided into a.wide tabularium and a narrow dissepimentarium consisting of about three rows of distally convex, globular, and comparatively large dissepinents. Tabulae are flat, or centrally depressed, g.nerally SiMple, and usually meet the dissepiments almost at right angles. Only very seldom do the tabulae Show a gradual transition into dissepiments by splitting and bending upward. Carinae are very fine, and visible only in sections coplanar to, or cutting a septum at a very low angle. Remarks: The species is characterized by its few dissepiments, axially closely bunched toward the inner wall, a.wide, clear—cut tabularium, carinae obscure in transverse sections. and straight peripheral boundaries. It resembles no other species examined by the writer. Tvne locality and occurrence: The holo‘type at 13-1, and the paratypes HF 114—1 and HF 13-2 were all collected from float from under the walls of the abandoned Afton quarry, 1 mile north of Afton, K3 l/u of the NE l/u, Sec. 36, T 35 N, R 2 W, Cheboygan county, Michigan.. The types appear to have come from the light-colored limestone above the black Gorbut member, near the tOp of the eastern quarry face. The species is known from 35 no other locality. It is named after the tyne locality. 36 Prismstophyllum altimoenitum, Faul, n. sp. (Plates 23-23) Corollum cerioid, convex above, irregular below, up to 25 cm in diameter and probably nor more than 15 cm high. Complete coralla are rare, and are commonly less than 10 cm in diameter. There is no tendency for corallites to grow independently. salices are fairly regular, polygonal in shape, separated by very pronounced, but thin, walls about 1.5 mm. high. Within these walls the calicular bottom is almost flat, radially dissected by the carinate septa.protruding only very slightly above this platform. The calicular pit in the center is about 2 to 3 mm de p, and descends abruptly from the platform, with its walls almost vertica and its bottom flat. The diameter of the pit is about 1/3 of the mean total corallite diameter in mature corallites. LcnfitU5ilal section: rhe corallite is clearly divised into tabularium and dis- sepiment rium, with the tabularium about 1/3 of the total diameter. Transition sharp with tabulae meeting dissepiments usually at right angles. Gradual transition by splitting of tabulae is rare. Tasglae simple, distally convex or almost flat, spaced about .3 to .3 mm apart. Dissepiments globose, variable in size, usually reg- ularly arranged in rows that are almost horizontal. Carinae distinct 37 where plane of section meets septum at a low angle, about .5 mm apart, distally arched, and meeting the walls at low rngles. Walls are strong, irregular, trending straight. Transverse section: Corallites are polygonal in outline, with an average diameter of about 7 mm. Departures from this average are small but common (about 1 mm). Walls thin, locally slightly thickened, straight or slightly curved, commonly slightly crenulate. Septa are thin, straight or somewhat curved, rarely crenulate, and range in ev,n numbers up to 3H hut average 3? in mature corallites. ri‘he differen- tiation between major and minor septa.is clear. Majors extend into the tabularium about 1/2 of its radius, whereas minors intrude usually less than l/u of the radius. Carinae commonly of the short yard—arm tyne (Sloss 1939) sometimes set obliquely to the septa, very strong near the tabularium and.becomina less pronounced to— ward the periphery of the corallite, commonly up to 8 per septum. Dissepiments fine, numerous, up to about 9 between a pair of septa, closely bunched inward and forming a distinct circular inner wall around the tabularium. The tabularium has a diameter about 1/3 of the mean total diameter, ani shows edges of intersected tabulae in most corallites. Tue SPeCieS is Ch?TaCt9Tized by its flat calicular floor, steen and flat—bottomefi calicular pit, high bounding walls, arfi a. small round tabularium, The species differs from P. parvulum Stainbrook in the fail— ure of septa to reach the center of the tabularium, in its high cal— icinal walls, and in its somewhat larger mean diameter, (7mm). It differs from P. nercarinatum var. gorbutense, n. var. in its much smaller mean diameter, a smaller number of septa.(32), and much narrower tabularium (1/3 of total mean oiameter). The species is named for its high bounding walls (Lat. altus=:high, moenitus = walled). sze locality and occurrence: The holo:ype, HF 7-1 and the paratypes HF 7-3, HF 7-5, and HF 7-7 were collected 53 situ in the road ditches just east of Bunker farm, 5 1/2 of the sw 1/u, of the SE 1/h, Sec. 18, T 3h N, R l W, Cheboygan County, hichigan. The species is known from no other locality. Prismatophyllum percarinatrn var. gerbuterse, Paul, n. var. (Plates 3, 26—27) Entire corallum unfinown. Freement: up to ”0 cm in diameter have been found and indicate a probable size of about a meter or more for large mature coralla. They are massive, cerioid, formed by extras cslicinal gemmation from one or more individuals, and show no tendency of corallites to grow independently. Calyx unknown, probably greatly variable in shape, as indicateé by the badly worn corallum. Trrnsverse section: Corallites are polygonal in outline, with an average mean diameter of about 12 mm; departures from the average are generally within 10%. Valle are medium thin, about .lfimm, straight or crenulate depending on the relative position of septa in neighboring corallites. The septa range up to M6 but the usual number is no in nature corallites. They are thin, generally straight, carinate, with major septa clearly differentiated from the minor. Major septa extend almost to the axis in some corallites, whereas the minors protrude only little beyond the dissepimentarium. Carinae are fine but distinct, numerouS, up to about 8 per septum, and become more pronounced toward the tabularium. In some corallites they extend a variable distance inward beyond the dissepimentarium. The dissepiments are fine, numerous, up to about 10 between a pair of septa, closely bunched toward the tabularium, 1+0 and together with the somewhat dilate septa forming a.usually distinct circular inner wall around the tabularium. The tabularium diameter is about 3/7 of the total mean diameter of the corallite, and frequently displays edges of intersected tabulae and tabellae. . ,1. Longitudinal section The division into tabularium and dissepimentarium is distinct, but transition fnom tabulae to dissepiments is often gradual with abundant formation of tabellae, i. e. small tabulate, distally convex structures extending only partway across the tabul— arium. Tabellae of this kind are frequent in the holotype of P. nercerinatum_s. s. 4abulae are rarely simple and generally dis- tally convex, ‘paced about .2 to 1.0 mm apart. Dissepiments are globose or lenticular, variable in size, partly as a result of growth—rate variations, and more or less regularly arranged in as many as 7 rows between a.pair of septa. Carinae are strong, distally arched, meeting the peripheral walls at a sharp angle, but becoming almost horizontal toward the axis. They are about .2 to .U mm apart. Peripheral walls are distinct but not thick, usually irregular, but trending straight. Remarks ,. Jl In transverse section, the variety has a.somewhat larger mean diameter (l?rm) of mature corallites, and a.slightly narrower tabula— rium (only 3/7 of the totat mean corallite diameter) than P. percar- inotum. the variety, furthermore, exhibits distinct carinae inside the tabularium. In these resoects it resembles closely a specimen collected from the lower Gravel Point Eornation intthe Petork y Port- 41 land Cement Co. Quarry at Peteskev, a.horiaon distinctly lower than that of Sloss‘ tyne locality of P. nercarinatum s. s. A_.__ ihe new variety has a larger mean diameter and more septa then P. bunkerense. (1‘. The Variety is named after the tyne locality. Type locality and occurrence: Ihe hoiotype. HF 11-1. an€ the Deretvres. F? 11-2 end FF 11‘3v were collected in_situ in the eastern road ditch, j/h miles north 75 H of the Fing-r “oard dorner or 1/h mi. south of the Gorbut scnool, .v u of W 1/” cor., Sec. 33, T 2% H, R l W. The paratypes HF 7-2 and HF 7-6 were collected in si u.in the road culverts just east of Bunker farm, 5 1/2, 5W 1/H of the SE i/u, Sec. 18, T 3M N, R.l w, and the paratypes FF 1-1, HF 2-1 and HF 2—2 were collected from float about l/M mile north of Beebe school NE 1/M, Sec. 1}, T 3h N, R 2 W, all in Cheboygan County, 42 Prismatophyllum,percarinatum Sloss Prismatophyllum percarinatum Sloss, 1939, Jour. Paleontology, Vol. 13, pp. 69-70. Remarks: The specimen comes from the uppermost beds of that part of the Gravel Point represented in this area. and may be intermediate between P. percarinatum gorbutense n. var. and P. mercarinatum 8.8. It resembles the latter more closely. however, especially in its wide tabularium, strong inner wall formed by dilate septa and diss- epiments and a smaller average mean diameter. Occurence: Only one Specimen (No. HFfiD was collectedi mile north of the Beebe School, 53% of the NE%, Sec 1h Tjhn, sz Cheboygan County, Michigan. The specimen was apparently derived from the Gravel Point beds directly underlying the Favosites biostrome of the Beebe School formation. Belanski, c. H. Darrah, Ehlers, Fenton, Fenton, Grabau, Kelly, Lang, A. m I" o W. L. An 44 BIBLIOGRAPHY (1927) The Shellrock Stage of the Devonian of Iowa. American Midland Naturalist, Vol. 10, 69- 317-370 (1928) Description of some Typical Fossils of the Shellrock Stage. American Kidland Katuralist, Vol. 11, pp. 171-212 (1936) The Feel fiethod in Paleobotany. Harvard Botanical Huseum Leaflets, Vol. M, No. 5 and Radabaugh, R. E. (1937) Seventh Annual Field Excursion Guide Book, Kich. Acad. Sci., Sec. Geology and Mineralogy and M. A. (192M) The Stratigraphy and Fauna.of the Hackberry Stage of the Upper Devonian. Contrib— utions of the Museum of Geology, University of Fichigan, Vol. 1, 200 pp. (1935) Nitrocellulose Sections of Fossils and Rocks, American Midland Naturalist, Vol. lb, pp . ”10—1312 (1913) Principles g£_Stratigraphy, A. G. Seiler, New York (19h?) Personal communication: Lithostrotion- tidae in the Rocky mountains, Journal of Paleon- tology, Vol. lb, pp. 351-301, 2 Pls., 1 text fig. (1917) Hemeomorphy in Fossil Corals, Geologists' Association £London, Proc. VOl. 25’ '99- 55-614 Lang, W. D., Smith, 8., and Thomas, H. D. (l9u0) Index of Palaeo- v m an ‘56,, A-O Y. H. zoic Coral Genera, British Museum of Natural History, London, 1 (193%) On the Seasonal Change of Growth in a Reef Coral, Favia speciosa (Dana), and the Water- temperature of the Japanese Seas during the Latest Geological Times, Imperial Academy of Jaoan, Proc. Vol. 10,;mn 353-356‘ —" 45 Ma T. Y. H. 197 .On the Seasonal Cnanee of Growth in some 9 7) a Palaeozois Corals, Imperial Academy of Japan, Proc. ‘ A —- —‘—— Vol. 9, pp. 407-MOH (1937) On the Growth—rate of Beef Corals and its Rel; tion to sea water temperature, Nat. Inst. Eggl. and Bot. (Academia Sinica) hem., 2001. Vol. 1, 226 pp. (1938 On the Water Temperature of the Western Pacific during early and late Pleistocene as deduced from the Growth—rate of Fossil Corals, Geol. Soc. China, Du11., Vol. 18, pp. 3h9-M18 "7' Merriam, C. W. (lQMO) Devonian Stratigraohy and Paleontology of the fioberts Mountains Region, Nevada, G. S. A. Special Papers, No. 25 Ba abaugh, R. E. See Ehlers, G. H. Rominger, C. (1876) Lower Peninsula, 1373-1876, Geological Survey_ of Kichigan, Vol. III, Part II Sanford, W. G. (19}9) A Review of the families of Tetracorals, An. Jour. Sci., V01. 237, pp. 295—323, Mel—Me} Simpson, G. o. (1900) New LIenera of Paleozoic Rugose Corals, New York State .us. Bull., ho. 3 Sloss, L. L. (19h?) Personal Communication Sloss, L. L. (1939) Devonian Eugose Corals from the Braverse :eds of Michigan, Jour. of Paleontology, Vol. 13, pp. 52-73 Smith, G. Sendell (19“?) e Ferron Point and Genshan Formations in Cheboygan and Western Presque Isle Counties, Hichigan, M. S. J-'1".esis, Rich. State College Smith, 5. See Lang, W. D. etc. Stainbrook, Nerrill A. (lguO) PrismatOphyllum in the Cedar Valley Fees of Ioia., Jour. of Paleontolon, vol. 14, pp. 970- o: ;' (19h2) Personal Communication Stevart, Grace A. (193 8) Riddle Devonian Corals of Ohio, G. 5. ;L Spe Ciel Paper, 1T0. 8 Stumm, Erwin C. (1937) The Lower fiiddle Devonian Tetracorals of the Ievada.Linestone, Jour. of Poleontology, vcl. ll ‘ m _ .— op. ”23.n43 46 (1933) the Nevada Limestone, Vol. 1?, pp. NYE-“55 Stumm, Ermin C. Thomas. H. D. See Lena. W. 3- etc. (1917) Beefs, Vaughan , Thoma 8 ii . no . 159—57 6 (19h2) Personal Upper hidile Devonian Pugose Corals of Jail]? I of Paleontology, Porals and the normation of Coral Annual Report of the Dmithsonien Inst. Communication Plate 2 AHImH hm .anmanspsoem cacofismg opoz .mssmsd scams esp 80pm .ozv ucosmwpm a mo Amxv nofipomm HwnH©SpHmnoa empogpmms o mo smwb .Qm .: .Hdmh Edbmwxo Edeflmnmoumsmfipg . . o . . A., ..u. . nan. . . . . I» . s . . . Ann. . .Uu'l’u \ 1/ Plate ligan 1C1 7 .' 5:. rom near 3 R + $ 0 -\ / ) . U «a .Wfivww “93:5“. {...-.....‘i... .. .so. .. $39.... .- ..IJ‘OJ .\. ‘1. \\.. \IHO‘ul ‘L . . “.68.... ... WV.‘ $04.99.. .O‘ork ‘0‘? Ola-III. F7— T ver- 3M (Yo. I n. 28, , Sec 1o, l .. Faul caret, A e of rrovth. L. - t (’- f‘ ° 1. LI nercerina .L ally Variable r 'ic. (I rm, SW 1/” of th C. k oerio L l:;*1.1JJJn s f“ '11 E") fiunxer F O .‘ at O 7“, T A J. ris Longitudinal thin-se me “on C‘ I" n t Q Plate t1“;'l';,‘ J' "'3» ' o a,» .I . _ ‘0. " o ‘. '. q. I ... ‘ . o I . l I p’. ;I;‘ I: O. , I. - H M 14:»; ' ‘ 2 fin" "n.4, ' "2d JC'I'” ...T‘ ‘9 My '--- w. a '. ;:'."" ' ‘u .‘ ' 0 . " w...» ‘ii’f -'¢"O ‘~“ .rflnu'o ;“.:‘9'c...‘a‘..r :. ; “‘ .r gut“ u ~.o¢-- '1'». "a ‘0. . ".... ‘ ‘31”! . ‘9. 'O;'ol. .\\\\';‘ .3 I..““ 5:5 ...-‘6"::- “.‘V ‘ ' \\“ o “W ‘i';zz“.;. 3""." ... v ‘) i . ' “".‘J."I\:“‘.‘. '1‘ g ’9‘ ' 'b-- ," ‘ ~:..-- -... ~. .- - .9. ,1”;- v, . , . l. . ° “,9 : it . g. ..R I_" ,‘ v . , l. .':, .'l.’. M ii. ' n It ". ‘6'. l ‘ 'i’D' "' ".9 I” "f' "3.. w'ghhfl. 3n "' ‘\ “‘l“ l.‘ . 1, ' v...’ IE". .'"‘5:.’.’. ::‘. .\‘\‘;‘. ... .r J _. 1‘:‘..'.“ \I Q. . :_ .... . v 3 \ I. ‘1'. . Wt" 1.3”.” ‘ISO ' " ~",\“u'-:v '- ~. f "" . --- ‘— k ’9‘ _, “4'2 ’ * - t. 51-h'.‘ s’fi‘:: fll?. L f... 9.. ‘- 1 t w Sp 0 um Faul, n. inal section (in) of a soecimen 31 6 A (No. HF 12-1) ote thickened se from the Afton Quarry 2:1 Ch 1 5." 8n 0 N,R2W, 35 m NE 1/H, Sec. 36, Showing periodic growth rate variations. Prismatoohyllum exi 0 ,CI 4.: I‘H 'C O 3: H\ {Or—I ‘3 a? ota and L N Garinafio Plate 5 Prismatophyllum bouceki Faul, n. sp. Celicinel view (x2), of a small complete corallum from the Black Lake quarry. Prismatgphyllum bouceki Paul, n. so. Bottom view ($2) of an_elmost complete corallum from the Black Lake quarry. Plate 7 ‘J \I l o bi. - 9“. -. u a Ail, .. l. ‘ ’9', . 1-,.) if... ..(Uu. O...) .... .... ‘ ...: I ......s... o .. . . . .Q’.‘ "Po—J . . . .. . .. . . ..- poi} .. . m .35. ....H.... a... .. ...c p ...- . . . -. es ... 0‘ 6k \‘..|‘so .II‘. w. o . ‘Q‘F.Woo .- ’ a v p . s . . ... ‘0 . . HI.) “..\I. ..... . . . . . u ‘- . '1 ~ \ I .0 I h . .. a . o l o . . . '0 “Saw.” 4... .4 a m 4’“:an ... D .. :u ‘a93af... . I. s." ..flf."l.u.n§ at . . e V 4‘ O. O. W? .. «...: ’ \ 5) from the '3.— Trensverse peel (Eh) of a paratype (HF 2' / \ - Paul n. .1 Prismatophyllum bouceki Black Lake (harry. Plate 8 a cafififiiflflt. ... . .h.mw .fiw . sag... .. .9 a “0". N ' ..- ..‘s . .u sp. in. Fanl ) of the holotype (HF 25—1) from the Black Lake cuarry. .1 k 8 amp u( 0 .01 3 me p n“ ...... mun n%1 we at ...l we in TO PL Plate 9 Prismetqphyllum kettneri Feul, n. Sp. Calicinal View (x2) of a fragment of a silicified specimen from 1 mile N of Tower Dem, near the center of Sec. 3“, T 35 N, R 1 E. Plete 10 reul, n. sp. 21 View (x?) of a frafiment from the J. \4 R 1 E. cin Priemntonhyllum kettneri Cali ’ 26 H ./— " Creek, Sec. 30, T. Plate 11 ’3‘ 3 0.; ' 1‘“ ‘s'; 1“ " ..." C v ‘ .4" 0‘. .‘v.v . D ' 'l. 9‘ PrismatoPhyllum kettneri Faul, n. sp. Transverse thin-section (xh) of the holotype (N0.HF 23-2) from the county-line road, 2 j/M m1. 5. of Black Lake Quarry. Plate 12 --onll... if . Chou-u , . 15¢..UII“... . .' ii""l'0’.o\'””. ... 0 {08... .... I9! .04 ..-. . 0 3.00 O .00.... .o . . f it'.‘ .00 IOIIIIO. .000.-. "'00.... :00... _ ,. 2 s ...... he... ....uu... . f.1.¢ . . 1 It. octUllo"0'~e.‘0“r‘0H00.0vfl..I-Olg #1130} .1........... . . n , _. , ...OOJ'.1. .1; u » .... I . . ‘JMW‘ ...: fitr. ..Lv‘.» IV“... NU .“' I “”10 . .. .aooclwi . . If, n . ‘ ‘ . ,3 ST) 0 Q! Q .. .300..0 0.. ... . finial 9;“ ”(b.3M‘.’ ‘10..0q0.‘....o C «5g... .. $35.... . 1,. .. .. ....v.u.........u.1. . .11.... ...- 1.3.5:... .. 1 ... 2 D1.1,!......g...‘\.0|0.."..fl.ol......‘J’lnc. .0 . 4.1 ...-9.,13.1w..3 1‘ . a “..unwurh .. .IOIOo. “ fl‘l‘fldvn‘ . . .v. r 9111 , n. Longitudinal thin-section of the holotyne. (xh) r {/1 lum ke ttneri "n A ! Prismeton Plate 13 ..1 .5 LE5 ? . ......» .p O . .... a ’3. .0. n ”1...". ... - s. .s .8 : b |I ‘. C D .10 . O O 0'. 1.. I %» lo 0 0 8'0. h o .L Fgul, n. Irfinsverse thin—section (Eu) 0‘ hyllum kettneri ._A Priematno - l 9 Derntybe (J0. FF 24—1) county-line road, 2 1/? mi. Leke , ‘5 f glad f): 8 r0 m t he Que. r ry . .i‘ J. \ :!:. ‘..‘;::‘.“ “".. qi‘ .".:: :‘.~. ‘ '.. 41 \.A 1 W! '.I ”D...“ ‘ 2"... . '4"l.l:.;:- O 0 0' Q . . 4 .: o-"’.‘ ... . I. .O‘.' ', .“' ....l AL....'. .. b :‘-t . .° 1.- ‘o' "\‘w 'o‘o.» " A -3. 3”. {"69“ ‘fif‘a‘c-n’ d' ' 'g I .:; .::’f'0..2 ..1- ...A - I - '\‘:" 0‘ "’ .z'f": ’ “... ‘ \ ,‘S‘f~‘° ' '5‘"; "‘5‘ -'k'-' 311\ Eat-0.- Ar ~... 4 3f: "' €25 ir‘w‘ r '1‘,” . c A ' I 1.3-?” 0%.: if“(/" I ‘ 0 ‘- . ' . .... - _ . ...-1.; 1"." 5332.01" ' 1 ‘ 3;". "1“? 1 0.1 I ‘~ ‘. 13:37}: .16". '3’!!! " l“ 9‘ 15;!3' o'f ; \‘Q‘ - o l . .... 0 KW!“ ‘h '0 -..|‘.“‘. .‘ v “Oovor ' ' Db! r v 1 I‘; ‘ ;‘O vafi‘“".’ll_ -""..' ... - 0 0 A - ‘0' I Ox?“ ’0 . . ’ ..‘u‘.‘.nl ,\\‘I_' '. .... .. u" . “.0.“ :' ';O;“..“Il 5' Plate 1h Sp. ttneri F3111, “.0 section (xu) of paraty hyllum ke tog (A M — Prism 'p Longitudinal thin- ‘ “ - § . , O:"rv" 2"459‘0 a. ' ' I ‘.‘.':3."fl --- ”£2.- 0" sf .1?" ‘g'v 0 43Hflr‘ka¥$fis ‘fr’ “ 0'” ‘1’"! fi . r? ‘2'." ‘ 4 . fit 0 g, 6“ 50;} Prismstogyyllum kettneri (?) Fpul, n. Sp. - . ‘ \ Eransverse thin—sectlon (x4) of a paratyhe (n from the Black Lake Quarry. Plste 15 Plate 16 1.. Add. .. a ......»L . ’ "0‘"I JO .‘oh-Mw: . _. l r . I .§‘..\.. ‘ . o: 9 . - -..... ...-#3:...383 . w 1 ‘1 ... . o“... \o\.\t‘ 1‘ . 1 , . 5.9.31 o ‘ . l o n 5...... o a II onto-Io. . 0 s 1.1- Cu.0 ...... o.\s‘. O . . ‘y x . ;. I. 1 , r . ~ 1 . O . . Juno‘a.’ / x 11.: J 4151-6. . 4. .. 0.....- . .Wloorouofitu. .... Jag-1.13.»! ’Juifam... . ‘ C; ' ’." ‘ A . 7%.. ,1 . . so... u l ‘ .- . ‘fioc. :th II . ‘1‘ ulc . \.’.\\ k I .l.4/§t . o x: .' .I.\' .n o. b — 9.5/4-4. . ...9. § . .. ...... 9v J1. o 00 ‘auunmp is ,.h,umuawmmym; p . .s . . .. .k in. .. . .r .I ..‘V ,U . 4 #:ix ...- ........\ .c .. Quays-"hwy... . U. I . . § ... l ..‘ l . .2. gunman-Suntan. ... . . aafloquQonw «V . .,.,.w..\,w..... ‘.”‘D-“‘v I u ‘ Fafl,n.sp. Prismequhyllum kettneri (T) inal thin-section (KM) of a paratype (Ho. HF 25-7) from the Black Lake quarry. q 110 Longit Plate 17 . . . ., l o I . e . . ‘ 4 . . . J. O ‘fl1'13bL‘ ’Q: , ..w . .. . . u . ,. . I... h.. u . O ‘ ‘ “’0 90"... 2...... a a. .4.. .. .. . .. u. a: ...p ... o a. ‘axuv . . H . , , . .e% e o o k...'.\ . , .. . . Q .....V . . 00.. I u. . “1.2. ., ‘0' - \.‘- u 1‘. P. n. Sp. Prismateghyllum exiguum Faul ) 1 .7 Au 1. C F.e HS . ’ Oh4 N/ (1 8 mm .3 e O.n 1t 0 .naI 0 e from the Marvin quarry SE i/h N, P 1 3, Michigan. T31; Transverse section (xuy'of th Plate 18 ‘\ ‘. .“ 0 - i 3" -' - 3" ..‘:'€‘.. Wk» 5% ::-.-....;« :39 .52"; {142.2% , 2W, ‘7‘ . €3.33: mat ff KSS'VVJ at «£1 {a s: f4 ': :11“)- l’ffl',o‘.'}".'& 0:15; 4‘ ,. 4‘4”” '5 :ni; ‘ ”1%) ~' ‘- ' .3 .5... '2..~:.-;.~ _ _. . ,3. ' ' " “an”: 3“ 1/1,; “VIN.“ Ki “.1: \‘\ ‘3. ~ . 0c .9,\'-‘ O . I ‘ I Sp. holotype (N6. HF 10-1) from the SE 1/1; of the NE 1/h, Sec. 7, T 3h N, a 1 w, iable growth-rate is feebly indicated by period— ically constricted dissepiments. n. [2"0 ....’:.:'.. :.' .,."‘..:. ' e thin—section of the Var , 0.. .:\!'.oo'.‘ ._ , ~ _ . I‘.. V. ‘°s . . ‘\ I \“‘~\ w,” ' .:.. .." '~|‘M ’I’. ‘ ‘_‘_' .-~ ;: W" . en \ '0‘ O O»' 'iransvers Marvi n Quarry , Prismatoghyllum exiguum Faul, Michigan. 'p‘ I'l. n merit ' "“"'§v“|o\" ‘ '|‘." :p)p'. \O.)\"“’,» ‘ .‘.’) ,. “," Plate 19 Prismatophyllum exiguum draperense Faul, n. sp et var. Transverse section (in) of the holotype (No. HF 21-1) from near the Draper School, NW l/u of the NE 1/”, Sec. 12 T 3h N, R 1 E, Hichigan. Pl ate 20 . 4 £49.. ... ' ...‘auh‘ 2 3:. ...»... M5. .. I. 3.9.? ..O\ ......... .2... Wk...” 9. ...-.. ....1. f. . .o.. . . . pr #4....me ...v$“‘.hvnmfi.o.oo. I‘M. I'ol 4.0.." a... \? .\.. o..44..vt.. I... . .4145..- .4 a5? .aaa.au. 4;"... _ z .44 4.4 . . .44.? . 4444 4.. 4 .4304 44......0... 2.144.444... .. .. .. et Var. Faul, n. sp. euum draperense Longitudinal thin-section (xu) of a paratype (Yo. HF 21-2) \.7 A Prismatoohyllum exi I 0 I. from hear the Draoer Sc hool, higen. . 1/h of the NE 1/h, Sec. 12 Asexual reproduction by calicinal {ic T 3h N, R 1 E, h A mmation is well exemolified. {:8 Plate 21 amazes.“ .m m m .2 mm .... .om .oom z: a. 2... .3 z: a... 6.3 as... ...: as... :.2 E .05 agapoaos 0:» mo unmewmnm m mo Azfip{104pommInazp ompm>mqmpa .Qm .: .Hdmh mwstOpMm afiafihmmopdfimwgm t‘ I l I , . x .. t . o I I O . \ 4 J .- n 4 l 5.. ~ ‘ Q l x V . a 4 . . .. , . . O \ u \ . a N. o . . .. .L o .J l.’ i s . .0 .4 u . v... n. s 4 Q \ . . . ’ \ O 0 v o 4 \ 3. I t N \ . .. . .1. I» i .x .\ .4?! i A « ... o ... ..Vhf/ll \. . 4 . I / 4,1... ‘ . v. , I . ... 4 _ » A x .. f . 7 o I o v _. . . VWI.‘ .. . . 1 . 4 .. ...... . u o u. - v . A. n. o I. N \ \< , r“ o o . ya . z \ o s \ “1» .fi . R .A. . x F bur Plate 22 ) . . k u ~‘m’ . .3. .. . ¥. 3.. ’3'. . 3 A. ‘3\\ . .. 3. n \ b)... ...‘331. ’M‘..“. “3 . ‘33.)..‘. ”but . . ....o.‘ 3.3.... 3‘ ,.,..““.3 'Ir. mp3 3.3..‘3‘3‘ . “0% 9.0.3.3 .0 . . I .. r! . .... 33.0.0.3“..07... ..(hv... 1:.14144 "“ .03 3 '3’. .HJ‘O‘ruuuu' 3 . . 3 .974 (“h/d. .0. ‘3 >3 3 ' ‘ r ...... in; .3, ).xd.3$ 3 :.9I:M 313”.“ 31* $330.03. I“ . .\3.3. ‘Q‘AA‘... 3.3.“: . . 33 3. aIQMIdv3aaltl 3.. r. 333 3.3. . 3.33. 3 3 .2 I l a. 0 A . ..‘33433.‘ ...-.13.... fiasfltvfl. ”My”. ” 0. £0.31... 31!... I .0030. 3* n 2N mm.» ,,...H..,.,..?. ...... is... _ :3. n... ...... 3319308333. ...I‘HI.‘ ‘h‘. 5*...3 *Af ~ t‘. .0333 3. .. ..3333 ...3 “.3 . 3 ...‘l-J..* 3.33 3....07. ... .hQ.‘3‘ ‘0 ‘3 .....‘Jm3 ‘6 3.33!‘33‘3..h.|. 3.540.113 ...3“..‘.o‘. _- .. ..30 a 3‘ M‘D34433 . ...... .. .....nfimviz. ...... ‘ ”3.. . ...“... 03”.!“33 ”NA, .3 3D .8. 3033“. T 35 N, 36. an. the holotype (Io. HF 13-1) IE 1/“ Sec. f Fenl, n. (Xu) 0 from the Afton Quarry, NE 1/14 of the I R 2 W, Michigan. Prismatoghlllum eftonense Longitudinal thin-590310” Plate 2} Prismatophyllum altimoenitum Faul, n1 sp. Calicinal view (xéj of a small, almost complete corallum preserved by silica. From the type locality near the Bunker Farm. (No. HF 7-7). Note exceptionally high calicinal walls and flat bottom. Plate 24 .qmofinofiz .a H m .z :m a .ma .omm .:\H mm on» mo .:\H am .aamm umxgsm on» pom: scum Aanw hm .ozv mghpoaog may mo AJMV acapomm mwpw>mamum .mm .n .Hde Efiuficmosapdm EdamNAMonEthm \ ' . \ol’ .. 1/. o . . . . . 64... . {on . . : . 5.1 . v i. s .| ‘b- . . .v ....‘u .. '3! 1 .. ._ r. ... 90‘ ~§. . . -.”. .H ....II J '0‘ a. , .. ,1 as». $ox. to”! b. ‘ ‘0’ .§ .’ o.\ vunr). .. . . \\|~» J. . . ‘ . ._ .. . i , .§ _- .0. ,so . . y . . a . ... 75..” .v. ‘ ...‘V/ .\\ . . Q ‘. . y ... b . ' o P . fi. ‘9 ‘ ,1 _‘ .:". 3") fl». C. \I‘ _t'~- V‘ a 1 t «‘33 a-' ‘ i ' .- ' ""299 .~'"-‘ , - a}. 34‘ -._ ..‘ .‘.‘ ...“ 5“, I“ d“ .‘ i;‘... .3 .. ...‘a/fi ’19.} ' é';|l:“:a\h; I” . ‘0 “I $:§A'. ., Yuri). Ma .n: y, . ' :‘2 ‘- ' :1". .J" 96"...” 2'3, ‘Q.‘ 8.. .QO‘. .....n .. .Q ’. ‘gora’ A :" ac _ ‘ e . ‘. a. ‘ V‘QM _ e 513:2 7..“- if 9- . W..- '.r'..‘o.rc .. ‘3 -. .5”. ....” ...“ ....z.‘ f“ .... ”.g‘: 3“". ."o'. .£:{::.' 0 :3 “\“"|‘-':: ‘0‘".‘3 I. 3‘ . . ' o ‘ 9 ';4....o , :2. 3“ 2:... 0.. 5". ’6“ " 0‘"\ ‘ ’IQ .I‘PWI ". g ; I O. \ ‘ ...... It..:: ..0. ‘.‘ ‘. \‘h' ”VLA ‘ .ti'.‘ t \ n‘. ..‘ . 4ft 12...": w Ark-2,3 ~ : 1-: ,‘n “ winnus‘g: a“... “‘3 $1.. 3‘. 5i“;“\l\:‘ 8““ l3“ .‘ig'\““" 3hr 34 .. N“ 192$.“ Q¥mw Wfi' “mev 5%». “M“ I ‘m 31’ V' “f. . _- '1 " ‘ Kw: . 'go .5. .: . . ... A ~ ' _ ? ”flit 57'.- I 4‘.O'l:'.'- '5" . ‘ .4 '. " '. ° '10. ' - .. ‘3’ ' ”A“. I o'l'I/,.:1_.:"'\ .. . “, ' '3 .;:E‘ .3 .5... ...:"I" ‘m ' I r. . '1‘. “1““: . h E a ." V“ ‘I‘ .,'f,u.»r.'" ' ".’ "'13.?“ “‘ 5” v” ; "D. 'n ‘ " 1 p33...:':: ”....Y_ 5: ’m. ”'0’? " I" .‘2‘! : fl _" I h. H . ,. .3 n‘ '1'. "4"” I". " I ‘ .'.| u. a." 1" 23"“,— ' § ‘. .. , ......g . ‘ W ',(,Y£fi.,,., . 3 13:..‘1': : . 03':- “1’ mfoog’gdfl’au . 1 :lx" gg'. I ..:.' ‘. 9”, :35." g”; Q ".'.'~". .' '0', ". Sp. ”931.1 , :1. Longitudinal sections Tiflj of the holotype (3o. HF 7-1) from near the 1. a: Prismatophyllum altimoenitum 1/“, Sec. 18, f7? 314 N, R 1 7!, Michigan. the SE Note Deriodic constriction of dissepiments and dilation of septa.as a of .unker Farm, SW 1/“. 1‘ result of variable growth—rate. Plate 25 Plate 26 . ....H t A: :ym! $4. ‘Q.‘ ....I'\.. . “. Us 5 .1 I J ' . . .. . (9 \0.0 e. ) ‘- 1'. Fan]. n. var. , (No. HF 11—1) PrismatOphyllum percarinatum gprbutense oe f sverse section Tr" the holoty (x3750 collected near the Gorbut School, St 1/h of the NW 1/u, Sec. 33, T 35H, R l W, Michigan. Plate 27 .0 pm mChSp mm. .9 pm :Bomm ummn mHu mmqfinmo we pmpowhxmo mpmsbn¢ m pm hmfim mafia p59 .cofipoom prs pmmwflgoo ma Espgmm 4 pd .qofipwfiha> mempnzpropw mcflpmoHUQw .mpomm wmcmxofisp hfldmofimoHpmm mpoz 7 g... H m .2 mm H. .mm 6% .3? EA 25 .8 {H Rm .388 938$ 2: Ema 80pm AHIHH hm .omv mnxpoaog map moiwzwv aoHpommumHzp Hmmflwdpwmnoq .Hwb .c adym .qmmfiaofi: mmcopdppom Edemmfipmopum ESHHmmmdpwumfipm Q I \ '49 2 I. I' be: '\ MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES ll IHI IIIIIHH l i 3 1293 03056 3641