__—_
_—————-
—.————'
_——————
_——-—_—
_—————-
__—————
_————
—_———-
_‘——4
—_—————
__—’——
———————
—_———
_’—_

I III
Senior Problem

Methods Improvements For
C11 and Gas Well Drilling

By. Homer J. Fulton

 

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EEI'H BS IBERCIEIEITTS FOR CIL

AID GAS HELL CEILIIETG

Senior Problem

M;E; 473

Homer J; Fulton

Kay 28, 1948

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Introduction

Conclusions

Senior Iroject Plan

Current Oil Business in Brief
Discussion on Drilling of in Oil Yell
Sketch of Oil Well with Casinm
Report on Drilling Lethods and Inchinery
Ficturesof Dril in: Tools and Equipment
Present Cost Analysis

Introduction to Proposed Drilling Kethods

Pronosed Drilling Kethods

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Oil and Gas Well Drilling

ntrcduction:

 

Hy reason for selecting the above toyic is

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have been brought up around drilling wells
just like a boy who has seen born and ra sed on a
farm. Ly father -as been drilling oil and gas wells

for the past 55 years. I scent much of my early youth

well as getting in the drilling mens road and asking
questions. Ky father an-d his aszociates were al.ays willing
to answer my questions to the :est of tneir knowl site.

After I grew older I could see that the methods used in

dril lin: eith cable tools hai not been Chan ed or ineroved.

During my simmer vacation from Lichiian State Colle e

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in 1C4? I worliel on a well in central Sictiaan actin:

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the canacity of tool dresser or second driller. I snent

from 8 to 12 hours each day working on that well. The well

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was cein: drilled n a straight turnkey contract basis.
The only time t_at monet is heir? made on that basis is
when the drill is doin: wcrk andfthe nlae inery is operating.
There wwe many delays, some avoidaole and some unav‘oiiable.

'V ’1 O ‘ " ‘1

Fur nation need new oil :ields, as long as the cost

"'1

of drilling wells is hiah, 3w new oil islds will be
'diseovered because it r3'\ qui es so much canital to drill
each well. The cost of labor and materials cannot

controlled here, out if the metFods were improved the

1

contract rrice wouldn't have to es so great, and more yells
could be drilled to locate more new lields.
Ky intention is to introduce or suggest some ideas

or new methods to he used to keen the drill working in the

hole lonrer and at the sage time decrease the shut down time.

This will reduce the cost per foot of drillinfi.
The cable tool method of dri line is aeout 100 years

n

old. Very few of the reorle engajed in this occupation hav
ever written books or eaters on the methods they use in

drillinj oil wells. I have been unable to locate any

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material written on thi _eject in either the Iichiéan
State Collese or State libraries. Luch has been written on
the rroductios and geological aspects of the oil husiness

but very little on the cable tool drillinr methods. :he

Cil and Qas Journal and other industry reriodicals contain

new types of tools and machinery to be used in drilling wells

with cable tools, but I have not been able to locate any
articles concerned with new cable tool drilling methods.

e crew 01 two men is requirel to ogerate a drilling
macnine or rig. lee driller is the boss and to my estimati

requires as much skill as a die sinker or tool maker. He

‘

cable. If it is not drilling he must tell by this ieel

.‘ ' _ 0 ‘V ’1 o _ _ '1 -_ N ‘ q' ‘I 1.
”r" it isn t drilll“, so efl an 1182 -no n c to do to
corroei this. Ir edlitioe to the sieve the delller lust so

smith to wake stecial tools and sharnen tools.

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can become a firill r the job of tool dresser

is a handy man and helter. Drillin: tools and machinery are
very heavy and because of its location the better methods Cl
material handling such as conveyers and cranes cannot be used

on a drilling rig economically. Therelcre the yhysical effort

required of a driller or tool dresser is excentionallv high.

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From my experience in the oil and other industries

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8a? that the JCCS Of driller and tool dresser are a
dirty as that o“ a coal diner and r:‘uires as mic. Lertal sh'll

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and effort as that of a tool maker or die sin er.

a.

fly project is redicated to those men aentioned abuVB’

who have s est thei lives svearing, sweating and worryins

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about holes in the rround so that we in other occupations can

enjoy the benefits of petroleum products.

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Conclusion:

the Various drillin? Cn3us

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l. iteniard m thods use

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are non existent.

' n a- , “rm ~' fl. - ° '. m - . ' J.
2. nepotitiqe eleuents in tLe drillin_ o oration constitute
such a s all rerce *a'o 0? dr llir“ tiri that tine study

Mn .2 . -r _ _ . A ‘ 4, .3
a motion a elvsis was not rractica is and nosslele.

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An estimated ,lSOO per well could -c saved by usii, new

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yroposed netlods inlart If.

4. I«‘rom the orese t cost analysis it was found that fa tor

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of “.5 is used bf drilling contractors for allowing for

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uno"nccted trouble. This 1.5 is multinliod by the estimated

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t to fix the contr co firic-.

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Senior Iroblem PLAN

Title: 011 and Gas Hell brilling
Objective: To reduce the cost per foot of drilling a
4,000 foot oil or gas well in the state of
inchivan with cable tools.
Bhthod:
I. Procure reference material for data.
a. From experienced drilling contractors
b. Books and manuals
l. Petroleum Production Engineering
2. 40 copies of Oil and Gas Journal
. National Supply Catalogue
. 011 Well Supply Catalogue

. Walsworth Supply Catalogue

3
4
5
6. Drilling Z‘uipment Directory
7. Text on time, cost and motion study
8. Petroleum drilling incentives
9. Oil and Gas Hell plugging directions
10. Oil and Gas Field Labor Statistics
II. Lhke a preliminary report on the drilling Operation.
III. Report on drilling methods and machinery.
IV. Cetermine the present cost per foot of drilling
a well 4,000 feet deep.
a. Combine the following data taken from contractors'

records in drilling five wells.

1. Labor costs

. Taxes
. Depreciation
. Evacuation

. Moving (trucking)

2
3
4
5
6. Construction
7. Fuel
8. Casing
9. Plugging
10. Interest on initial investment
V. From a time and motion study recommend new methods
and machinery to reduce cost
a. Combine time and motion study for the following
operations:

I. Driving pipe

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Running and pulling casing 8 , 6 , 5 , 2

h.)
o

f"

Drilling in 8", o , and 5" holes

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4. Moving
5. Plugging
6. Construction of equipment
VI. Study theory for the design of an automatic driller
a. Should such a mechanism be designed and constructed
what would its save in cost per foot of drilling a
well?
Conclusion: Discussion on new methods found to reduce
costs. How much would the new methods reduce
costs? Comparison of present cost with reduced

costs.

The Current Cil Susines; In Srief

The United States needs new oil fields. he present

‘

reserve is en ugh to last until approximately 1080

t the

93

pre ent rate of consux1ntion. Unless substitutes or

.

syn hetics and new oil

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are discovered before that

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ie
time the United States will have to depend e tirely on
imports and we will have to nay unwards of 501
D .-. “°
ior gasoline.

The major oil companies are continually developing

new methods of aid ng geolo is ts in locating new oil fields.

m

Some of the new equinment includes radar sets and scesmagra h
machines to find geological highes. A geological high is an

anticline fo rme tiff: i: the earths structure. Cil or gas is

most likely to be found near or on these anticl ine formations.

U)

Enfortunately the major oil comtanies eldcm drill a d_ee:
wildcat w.ell unl as trey are thoroughly corvinced from the
results of their core test wells and geol 0.; mic l calculati01m
They are not convinced that much very often.

At the nresent time it is ortunate T,n at there are

and deposits

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localitles in the Jestern United States wher

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can be found by drilling a series 0 core test and, after

conSide rable expense, drill a deep test well and actually find

In the Eastern Lnite d States the geological formations
are much more complex. As a result manv deep wells must be
drilled in order to find a fave able antic ine formation. It
is a very interesting eXperienco to watCT these wild cat wells

develoo because one never knows wlich one will produce. Small

 

Cu

independent promoters usually sell stock to successful
business men after formins connanies in order to finance
these wildcat wells. These indeeendent promoters sually
have a good sales line and make the chances sound good of
discovering oil. Remelber that these old wildcat gromoters
seldom loose money in dry holes as do the investors. When
oil is discovered the promoters usuall; become wealthy along
with he investors by holding out leases for tn

Lost of the discoveries that have been made in iichigan
and other parts of the Eastern United States Lace been drilled
by these small indeeendent promoters. Cn the other hand,
most of the hundreds of dry holes have been driller by them
also. Lhny of these men claim to be geologists, and some of
them are graduate geologists but few oil men in the East acce t
their geological theories.

There have been manf wildcat wells d illed in the state of
Lichigan for examnle. The State Department of Conservation
requires a log and complete set of samples 110m each well
drilled. Tron these loss are made m/ps to show where and when

each well has been drilled. The maps also iLdicate the relative

satinns on a contour oasis. This

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informaticn is onen to tublic insrection and if vcu should

study these maps you would wonder where there would be room for
a oil field amongst all of the dry holes. It is to the advantage
of a perspective investor in a wildcat well to go to the
Deoartment and study those maps to determine the chances of

finding a geological high at he location.

0

m .l . x 1,. ‘ .- 4.1-,
qe pro oter must secur~ tic leases from one land

owners. It is common practice to acquire from #,000 to

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7,000 acres of leases around the locatirn of the wildcat
The land owners do not invest nonev in the well. Leasing is

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he tOP; used WLCB fie la a owner leases 7/0 oi his Oil

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rights usually at El Te? 30?? he? year in Willeit territory.

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he lets out bids to contractors for the drillina of the well.

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he cost of drilling the well naturally defends on the locality

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and depth to he drilled. it Present t‘e cost averages $4 her

foot to drill a wildcat well in Iichigan. The promoter must

.1.

sell enough stocc in the enteznrize to cover the COSb of

leasixg the land, drillinr the well and nronntion cost . At

present this cost is f20,030 her well on the average in Lich-
. p

. . r 1. , .::,-,. '1 - 1 , . '1 - 1,, J.
igan. fhe stockholders are liaele only tor tLQ a cunt of

their investment, and during the drilling operation can sell

their stock ii toev so desire.

9

These wildcat wells re usuallv drilled throujh all the

formations that are likelv to produce oil or has in the upper
strata. There ar huge possibilities of finding oil at depths
from 9,000 to 12,000 lest in the state of lichifian but the cost
a ounts to millions of dollars and in ejendent :ronoters

usuallv do not undertake the job of :inanein; such an enterprise

wnen the P1818 are so areat.

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is found the stock holders jut tjgether and hire an end’neer

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to develoh the r leases. That is controllin: the production and
drillin: the subsequent wells. The oil is sold to ripe line

i - 4...... . '1 4. +1.. - .—°..~. H . W
s we . ”as ort tie Oil to the relinln areas. lne

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comnani
refineries nurchese the oil fromthe nine line connany, refine
the oil and sell tFe petroleum nrolucts to distributors and so

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on to the consumer.
Usually the stock holdersget together and sell their
interests to a major oil comrany after they have made a huge

profit.

DRILLING or A; cji .ELL

(Cable llethod)

'V

Since Colonel Dralze drilled the first oil nell in l85”
there have been many innrovenents in drillin: methods. About
1915 the rotary method was develo:ed for drillinr in so-t
rock formations. The trincinle involved in drillinf a hol
in the earth hy rotary is similar to that of drillinj a hole
in a piece of steel with an ordinary bit.

Hy rerort is limited to drilling with cable tools, or

the fundamental nrinciple used b: Colonel Drake on the first

a star drill an d hammer. It is necessary to start with some
economic or geological reasons for drilling a hole in the

ground, and nIUCh could he said on both, ut ry project is

the "round. I will start b'.r enrlainii tee lifferent develoo-
ments in the hole as it “ets deerer and later in t‘i srerort

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I will exr_ain about the machinery and tools used in drilling

the hole.

is di

’15

ectle prover
to be drilled. It is connon practice in Michinan to start
v I 1 'I .‘ i " '1 l-‘ “i 2' -.\ A,
With an 8' neie ior def as of lo00' and l0 hole o depths

J) r- .s, ' _-> _o :1. , -R ‘ v v ‘y‘ .‘ n H ‘.
Oi DOLO and in the uee er sells so et_nes use un to 24

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In localities such as in ;ichi"an where the lehiStOPiC

glaciers left a defosit of loose earth called drift over the
bed roc? it is necessarv to begin drilling by 'ri in: pine
along with drilling. This surface layer called drift, is loose
and carries numerous water veins. To keen the drift from cav—
in; in the hole and also to kee: the water out, pine is driven
into the hole. This cannot be done as the hole is drilled, but
the kroccss alterre tes bv drilling :bcut 15' or 20' and then
driving pipe to the bottom of the hole, etc.

This so called drift formation deyosited by he prehis-
toric ylaciars is from 20' to 900' thick in licnihan and starts
at the prese t earth 8 surface to the bed rock of se earth's

prehis storic surface. :he ccmposition of tfle drift is mostly

A '1 . “I ’3: - ..o 1" o '1 '7 o r 1‘ fi ‘1
sand, gravel and clay filth occaSional limestor— shells and
1‘ - : 1 - . r r. . ‘y . 0‘ yr r. . ‘flt
coal. iae bed -oc is ‘lotln:UlSAed ison drift in tt>t it 18

firne° and will stanl up without drivinf rite along with drill-
ing. The hardn ”s of this bed rock varies directly as its

11’.

depth. It would be

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ifficult to mention all of the various
forhatiens from the be' roe? to the earth's center throu mlout

the world or even the 243.A., QOXSVGP, since my re ort deals

‘ . I'I‘ f" 1. fl 7 V 1 . ‘ ‘ :2 . ’V :2 " I ‘ . ' ‘ ' ‘ . rd. 'f" ‘ v « 1 1 s 'L A a 1" ' A~ ' fl 1" J-
Primarily with drillin, in “10-1;3g to tae de tL Oi ~,oOC _-3t,
' s - .- ~ . 4- - 1.,
I Nil entice so c 0. ti\ or; i fortant. ron the rel soon
A
AJ.‘ .0 ‘ . I. r“ e A .3, ~ 4. 1..., . - 4. . 3. h .1 4-. .-. '1
to a de‘.bfl O; aDLLU {0v .L 3V U t.-:} fie 18 a S Dial. OI ‘u'u' {11 U3 C'ELJULL'.

'v ‘- - - I x ‘u‘. ‘ ‘ — ’4' 4‘ I‘ " >'-‘ ‘ ¢ . -3 - \‘v‘ 3
Stone bear L” Linerai w;;:;r and are: shale. thS iermation
\.’ V

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,3 o ’1 , A ‘.-..—\ '1 r, '1 c“ 7 .- . -.. '1 _ -.~ 4.... _,,_,'o 4.x,
18 drii lea hit» t“; ie tools used tor grilling t PCutfl UH3

’ 3‘: "'4‘ ' ‘ ~~-°- ‘ 4-.-. o-,-~ - 2. ...J--..
qr‘ift but no drive hi3; lS ee_uirea. nater lfgfl tgis and scene
43 _1 A ~ '1 ,..,—i.4.'. .,....\ P_ __a‘ ...' ~n.- -.‘:: . 3 r.
i O‘L1 f__‘_.'¢ t;- 011 C or: A08 11.?) L [’1 3 {q O-L—e ’ SO:‘-,:/| U4- 7;-‘5 S O1JJ ‘1‘ *O I... .1- ;i g 8‘:‘LJ- C VLU.S-n::

" ~~ . - - + ‘1
a‘ artesio. mineral water is“

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The high densitf of "ster (relative to air) causes the
dronpins force exerted by the tools to decrease so much that
the afiou t of hole that can be drilled in a 24 hour day fe—
crease and it is necessary to shut off this water with 8"
casing. The water is nusred out of tie hole ai er the pipe
is run to the bottom of the previously mentioned water bearing
sand. The 8” lrill'nv toels are used to drill from the botto:
of the 8” nine to the dent? of about 1250 feet.

The drilling of this 570 fv‘b of 8” hole 13 co.sidered

duite hazardous in the state of “ichi,a; hecause of th Larshall
sandstone formation. Th first 200 feet of his 3” hole is com-
nrised of shale, line shells and streaks of sandstone with little
or n water. The last BOO feet is -arsrail sanlstone wh'ch is
divided into two parts. the uprer Qarshall r era" sandstone

(sonetimes referred to as

I ma 1 ,, ‘ '1 .r. 4:! 1 , —. u... .
rel POCi ). i:e iar er in the .arshall cones iron the danger
fl 0-‘4- u r_ ~ r. ( _;_ ‘_ 1 r" a . '3 _y,‘- , s“ _fl _- - (‘3‘ _~ J: 1“.
OI bbrllldfl natural gas and waten at t e same tine excull tuis
‘ ‘ fi" ."" V“ ’ e v.* V V ‘. w~
flannel, the has o-essure may cause a tater mushe: hhiCL would be

to control

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the

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may cover up

tools

and to continue

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as water carries

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the tools during th

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he lost 3 drilling

tool joint or cable it

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also a danger oi

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Retld it hit a crevic in

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often necessary to pull the E" casing and 10” drive

notner hole.

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a1 Ti start all over on

low the bottom of

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the lower sarscail an 6‘ dril lin: tools are usei tc @1111

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n ‘ ‘ I r‘.‘ ..
icet desen1,r,

confronted. 1,25 ieit to alcut 2.500 feet is almost

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CLI‘lll 1312311 '-"l"0pz*.,LLS 111/3 a Sal-"ls. Cu. 8. TilleUf‘e CI sandstone and

mestone about ECO feet tTicl. This strin is ccmjr’sed of

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formation Inowr as tee ferea an; Goldwater Sandstone formation.

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geoloiists can pr

2, the distance not eon the C? of tee bed roe: to the top of
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tne erea sandstone. -i tnere is a renerai anticline in the

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area where the we 1 is bein: drilled tris di st..ce wouli be

1.1, . - :1 ". -. - 42.»- .~ ". 4. ° —1 :. — - 1. .
less tnan it would J3 Shoolt c:ara JO no a ticiln; -n tee $«4-
\. '1 n m 4- \ .‘f' . o “ 'I 1 ~' D r: -.- - .- - ~ -.
eral fer acicn. -il 18 aetallr lound in reas where there is

Q Ont; I'D-731 fi’x c+vn n wfi‘nn 4 t1\.’) 2-0/‘3-1",'\W ’3 43-3,,- \r) t} -,-,
van 2;... -v.:..».14-> vu- by w.‘ 4 421' “1.; I"‘LJJLD_CH.L .1.L'..u-04 4.0-1.

~"‘ “r l" 4 4'1- J’ y \‘o _ ‘ " ". I "L ‘ ~-P--v, .- a— -- Q 7
Clgfil decaiusa of LLf? 1-1e -®umiired.tx; Peugflma the imeis ixwun tne
lower 1antns.

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ions are usua_lv n-
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Iln« in tne lollou no limestone fornations---raverse 'nd oun-

‘ LA ,- I, .35 i W " ,, ‘_ 1 _ .Ifi ----_‘. P‘ v
we. The ...ottrr:: o- a: crown or tne to:.: o- the i‘ra e rse ilne.

 

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usuallv Iouni in to: 1-fnu l.u -e;o Oi t'l ro
° - .- x v- :4. - , _ z. .
lt water 18 found to be nss,- , it 18 neo:s.ar,

e bottom of the Iraversa witb the hole filled

This is a froczss and ostly because

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drivin: force of the

a _ , ‘v r- - . . A :- - - . .
xmcn t.at only 30 -e- 3 go -ci can 9 drill
.. :1 - v ,.. _ 4. . : _ .1.' .
ur erioi. .i;is LCD 30 1 race oz to case tne
r- ‘ r‘fl' . - .1 . .z — 'n ‘- ' :5 ’ '1' ‘ '2 1
Cause tne -raverse lid: is U DO )CJ leap tricc

- . .. 1.- a . 4- ~ u. 5.17 ~~ I... 4“ J.

carrf tn? or tqree saber z nes. ono ld tue first

. 1‘ - 1‘ ‘1 '1 " - 1 , ,z _\

be cased Oif an~ the roi: ee drilled ECO fest -e;
- . 4., _ - - 1 : J- 1, ..

othcc water zone encountered it woui1 be L603“ %r

t-

1.x

L-

is

”n
‘A

line formation is

likely t

- L-Ow-t-fir " ’ 7" 1‘.
an any other 'cr.°u-og. -nare 13 a sna'e terms

9 bottom f the

only 5G to soft c-

..‘ . - ,1 ‘~ . P1 '1 ~ ,. ma 1- d
e raverse anu uunuee line. inis Sflwie is

noczssarv

cnuee escause tne various

1",, pr... .1 .. .: “-
UZUQ.1._L '. Jud-3;... (11111 ‘11
K.

evirwae.

‘ - 0Q
SHOLR as

ticn between
Th 1 s

mtared to

1 '1 2,..:\ \
ncie JJ: 1P8,

‘_ 'l o ._ _ ‘0 F‘
Srais iorqati ns will cave to

’-

Gs

a certain ertent. Should the Dundee lime bear oil and those
cavings mimht seal the oil formation and decrease production.
After the 5” casin; is set on toe of the gundee lime, a
control valve is attached to the top joint for controlling
any oil flow that may be encountered. The dril in: is then

.‘

should any indication of oil be found,

{0
i
5
f. .b

proceeded as before

:1

production tests are nade. JflCUld

L":

drilling is stop ed an

‘

salt water be found and further drilling not desirable, the
well is plunged and abandoned.
Hell nlugging rrocedure is decided by the State Conserv-

.1—

ation Denartment and nresented by them to the driller. It con-

sists of pullinf the casing and placing bridges at various
depths to held the nlugiing mat rial or the drillings that

are but back in the hole at various depths to sefiarate each

water zone.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

17

MICHIGJ/I Val. 14/, TH Fem-1,9 774”;
OPP/flux”; 7! perm/J) F 13. I

 

////1////1j ~ '////Z’

30° ’0‘ D RIF r

i “.1"-.-

4‘0' . i "8:-
L

 

 

.1860 Rock

5:10 3194‘ 6 ¢_ 4/”;
¥r2771hfl'

 

 

 

e...)— 1
I
4H
L_,_-_

300‘ i
: 5/9446 ( 4096‘
... h __-_~__._",’_€_ ”39H.-__. _
m...— ‘M-— - - - r" ..- . «a»..-

”yrs/Mu. 5,910

 

59:7 WI rt:

 

 

fiAj fixing
l
if
L- — 4—. —.—.
ax
‘

'\

«looa'

Glen SHINE

N4 u/fl n")?

1

 

i

.‘TPi—r'qq-x-Q-l-*———-_——

, 30". 0 3635” ( Catawfi‘ffig' $1000 3700!‘
1‘ I
W” | 830 w N Sl/flté”
L- .- .. - .. lie-#14711?
”TIM (162%)?" any: 5 Tomc‘.’
406’

5,44 7 449726,?

A

 

 

Dd\~3 til—II—q‘ F ‘__

—--.-—~*...~. _

}

Dan/065 Law: 3 ran/6'

 

0/1. 0R tel/9 76R

 

 

 

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L.)

PART III: RCFCRT CK QRILLIIG $375333 APD EACHIKERY

The Driljing Tools:
First, I will exnlain the bit or the tool that actually
-does the drilling. As treviously explained, this tool drills

the rock similar to the way you wouli drill a hole in a piece

 

of granite or concrete with a star drill. The bit is about

8 feet long and has a tapered screw pin at the upper end. i

g
(D
- “v emf

point is shined as a wedge ani can be dressed to any level

desired. There is a grooved section on each side of the bit

 

known as a Water course - this allows room for the lisuid or
water and drillinfis luring the drillin: operation. The weight

\_

of the bit is not sufficient to nroiuce the desired force at

 

 

the end of the bit during the recip-ocating. The hit is r
t
lifted and dressed a distance that is variable but is usually
about 3% feet. [
The stem, or cylindrical piece of steel anproximately
35 feet long and 5%" in diameter is used for two nurposes. One
is to Trovide the necessary weight or force to the bit and ‘
secondly to f:ep the hole in alignment. An internal tapered '
thread is on the hit end of the stem and is Known as a box. A
tajered male or extennal thread joint is at the top of the stem
and is known as a pin. I
Juring the drilling operation the tools get stuck and it ‘ A
i“? p.
is desirable to have a means of freeing them. This is accomplish— E

ed by the use of a tool known as a jar. These jars are essentially '9‘

 

I 3.")

are e sentiallv two chain linfis int grlockei with a fin Joint

at one and and a be: oint at the cwher - they are made 0'

\ l
r;
’ 5
Li;
5
Ho
13
r‘ 3
3‘
9
&
\N
O
O

i
9.
B
P
C0
0
k
L)
(D

“neroviw tely 7 feet lon;
stroke of the jars is aoout 2 feet and if tPe bit is stuck,
reciprocatinfi motion can cOntinue rith the steel cable stret-
chin3 the renelnin" % feet.

There are two methods of tyin3 the wire cables to the
tools mentioned bO'e. The first and most common is the swival
socke . This socket is a hollow cylindrical piece of steel
with a box joint at the end that fastens to the jars. The
usher end is necked and has a 1 inch I.D. le.e swivel is a sep-

arate piece m"de of temnered metal steel 2” O.D. Its I.D. is

(3

1 o 0 fl
tansred from lg to one inch tl.r h its length 01 8". The 0nd

or necked end

(D
,J
)4

H)
cl“
0
v4
' 4
Ho
"5
(D
O
(‘0
(3‘
I. .1
(D

o is threaded tfr rou_h tLe top

rm

of the socket to t1e 00:: end then through he swivel. ine strand 3
at the e-d of t 0 cable are t :en un"und about 10" and tucked back

3

into the soli; cable and cut off. This tuchcd

0,

~ _ ‘ A 1
“d is t’en rulled

J

back into she I.D. c on swivel and the I.;. o; the swivel hay
or 33v not as filled with ’abbit degenLiW~ on the method of tuck-
in; the ca lo end. The swivel is than pulled back into the I.
of t:1e socket an a t7: :e socl :et can be screwed onto the jars. I
might add here that the cable wears qrite fast at the socket end
and for a mfety measure the socket 7s refilled after each 24
hours of continuous drillinj.

Common nractice is to use a 6 x v 7/" plow steel wire

rape but other sizes can be Lsed. The wire rore is usually sought

in 5,000 ' lenfiths at a present cost of aoout 22¢ ear foot. The

 

 

 

 

 

9

'§
.53 b

lt water ari e"ni stone it comes into 0 ntact with. Jhen

rore breaks it can be solicei but this is not advisible. f
t
I.

 

DRILLING HLCHIKERY

The drilling mach'ne is mechanism to

ciprocating motion during the drillin3 o.e ation and

of adrittinr a d

is usually sunnlied to the mech'nery through gears,

friction ar 1 roce drives. Tower requir

hole would be 4O 3?. The most economics “ower at 3

’J
(L)
\D
F4

the one cylinder horizontal d

1,500' fascline engines are the best because t1 ey aie
and more :ort Mb e.
Three t ”es 0 drilling rocI-nec can be wsed.

9. . l 4.-, L 0 -
P:mOVlQ9 3 be, buOlS arl the bai er.

r'

3/

nroduce the re-

a {Ti-’3 an S

13"\ ‘1

.L t S ,

grants for a 4,000'

'78 891513 is

rid tvre is the least fortable, hea“icst a~d has bee. sed the

. , o n .3- . - . - , . I .0. ,.,. "_ A
lon3est. It consists Cl a our ‘e3rod errick CO hi31. -o c:
' - - “ .. .9. 3.‘ .: I . ,3‘
is 2-: lieu f'rom source to the band wheel which is 13 in dia-

meter thr osgh a 1?” bolt. A crank is mounted on one

wheel hue to 3roduce the cec*“roc t n3

bean. The tools ar- raised and lowered by the caole

over the nullcy on ten of the derrick and down to tr

bull wieel shaft 10” in die meter mounted between two

derrick. A brake wheel and a robe wheel each 10' in

are mounted at each end of the bull wheel shaf . To

sucylied to these wheels by means of a

rote from the band wheel. Dist3rce

hemp

two wheels is about 30'. Advantage of the stanlard

drillin: mach ne is that the tools can be pulled out

motion to the

dou“le crossed ma

between centers of

end of the
tfallziri‘

which ices

Le $3001 of

lecs if the

die meter

wer is

nila
these

1": 3 107173
of the hole

 

M ‘3 T“!

n»- [V

h"‘

 

 

 

, ‘1’:

 

"V” .-2

.; aqg-Izz‘ - .1: ‘

!

0

if"
a

 

. v . n n r..
3.. b n L. .u
u! . . y .
a . rm; b s

K A . :u .4
’ a .. s . o .\- v“ ..
fi\ #1. Auw .na 1 . o

Inv

»;
S.

V

i‘d
‘V
m

of the hole faster and casing arrangements are better. Dis-
advantages are that the sruddins or ripe driving hock up is
slower and the lack of rortability.

The National Machine type has essentially the same farts

 

as the standard rig tyre machine. The main difference is that
instead of a bolted derrick it has a three section mast and
the bull wheels are located between the mast and engine and
are driven from a friction wheel mounted on the crank shaft
between the band wheel and crank and is keyed to the same
shaft. The sand reel is mounted on the steel machine frame
a.d driven off the friction wheel. Advantage of the Kational

Tyre machine is that it is more portable, lighter, more compact

 

and requires less man hours to erect. Cther advantages that
the iational tvne drillinq machine has over the standard rig
type are that it is more handy for srudding and driving pine,
easier to skid while erected if necessary ard saves time in
preparing to null out of the hole he ause no rores are involved.
Disadvantages of this tyne machine are that, it is smaller
and slower in pulling out of the hole, th mast will not stand
high stresses and the initial cost is higher. If the well
produces oil and a fum3ing rig is necessary, it is more
E3Conomial to use a standard rig and lewve it at the well to be
1lsed as a fumring rig. ID a iational Rachine is usei to drill
the well and oil is found, it would have to be removed and
Petdaced by a numbing rig. The bull wheels of a National
iachire will not hold as much wire rore as a standard rig and
that is one limiting dactor of the maximum de3th that can be

drilled.

 

raj

., .3 .* ,—. .2 . ‘
the nest can t handle sucn heavv casing loads.

higher for Latiotal fiachine than

H a
B
C'"'
( D
:5
t3
{3
O
(D
O
O
U)
('1-
U)
{‘0
*5
(D

 

for stan and rigs, :ut are lower the“ that of s u“.ers whicn
are chain and gear driven. Care gust be taken in erecting
a Katicnal Tactine because it is very imnortant, that the wood
fcundation will “ot be washed out bv water used in he drilling

oteration.

 

A
“Ml

L T,

"ma-3a..-

 

 

 

"

12.11"

      
       
    

AM 770 ,YflL fl/Y/u MIG

Mflcxy/zve

 

mine“. I.

Mm } ‘0 will:
J 3151li w‘l [an

'9 0R

  
  
  

 
 

o. 2 Machine_
Fig. H-1-A

 

No. 2A Illustrating Posltlon and Method of Mounting Bull Wheels.
Band Wheel and Friction Drum on Steel Frame

d
Fig. H-Z-B

 

1‘
:

Tms

of £176”?!

0560

Fla. H-181-A

 

WIT/l (’Aaaé’ 7;“ 5

 

 

25

 

 

uwhfiflh

2?6

09315 7'00; fll/ZL/flq 5’17

RIG)-

6
m
L
_M
K
D
V:
R
-m
on

”5"”. ”whfdar ...H.u\.”‘$5 .5...‘.

 

 

 

 

 

 

NA Tia/W9 L
”A Cli/Né'

:-.’.P«_‘_-‘-_‘_ v., It?

PI.“

 

am»...

‘30. |.

Flo. H-T-A

.5»...—

 

 

$933.1:

 

1 Fish Tail

Diamond Point
I Fig. H'1‘6-A

fig. H-146-B

‘- ......... “4'

Ram}? y DRILL/N6

      

1 —r-
I - Sim.
Small wan-ni-

\—‘
\

  

(1981.6 Toe; 'fll/LL/lly 311T _ '

Part IV: Tresent Cost

From intervivws with

A
ml". 9

are based on ideal conditio

nected trouble.

1. 4 - 8

l0
0
O
"5
D
.‘J

“ _0_ fl ‘ _ \ _ , I o ,5
i:CULlNH‘Yt QLLLZ?_;

davs at
Lysol '1,
0 UV -' ..L.

500' -

/ /;"\‘/‘.' {\l' ‘f‘ ,‘1

O. OUV -' C} OW (-31"; Lyle
‘N ‘_ A‘ o _

7. c hours fir setting

Oren hole

hour days reatired for movi

reiuired

her truck =

. ."_‘
J

A V '1 n ‘l'
. o hours :or settiné E c.

':- on all}.

P" c' ,. fit

10. out - J o.e1 hole, e

ll. r“ n drillinfi o erat
.. .Li a

require 3 glh oer Q97

driljddiv,

estir ted time is
O f " 1-
b) . 3‘ ‘CIG 9 -.'~ 53 Q

14. C

-\
.1

,4
'\

(

movink,

the f O].

f?" 8.

to

C {'3‘ 1111?

l 0311 n r;

r”)

estimates

sott no mach'nerv or 4 -

200'

(I)
U)

0
33
01

r»
.,.
U]

u.

u s

:24

rgx

53 ~da3s ;- 5

hratiin requires one

one

her 94 hour daz.

'1vg-: 11-3] ‘A r-o
\‘L- .5. 'J-bL-‘i‘

~"or’tin

hours rer day, 3 -

O

*0
far.

irried fCl‘ldneX-

seven loads of

r‘l

C3 “101.1?

u “CUP

ePQCtln: and diSflWDtling

7;- 74
h

month.

 

v .v .‘v />>~

 

 

 

 

iv

I.Labor Cost

 

Zescriotion of Operation Io. of E0. of 8 Cost per Total cost
men req. hr.:a.rer man :er per oreration

mnw no 0 % HP in
.|._.-.L *vq. '\J .:O-\- ' 4/4.

 

O

A. Kevin“ a setting mach-
inerv
1.Tool dressers & 3 4 312.00 3144.
truck drivers

- 1"1.
2.,riiiers

R)
.e

314.00 112.

B. Lr’vinj nine -
1.Tool dr:ssers 3 3 12.00 108.
2. 2-11 ers 5 5 14.00 120.

 

C. »rill 10” Oren hole
1.Tool dressers 3 2 12.00 2.
2. rillers 3 2 14.00 84.
3. Jet,‘”' 013 n: 8 li.tch

1

Ji;

5

3k
|._J
sue
i-’I""
‘P‘iU
OO
00
o

E. ”rill 8 sole
1. Tool dressers 3 4 12.00 144.
2. .ri 1ers 3 4 14.00 168.

43 Set’T'cos_n:
1. Tool dressers 6 l 12.00 7 2.
2. ‘rillers l l 14.00 14.
e. rill 6" onen -ole
1. Tool dressers 3 14 12.00 504.
2. drillers 3 14 14. C 588.

(J
5
fi-

H set 5” cas n; & cei~
12.00 84.
14.00 28.

10 F" C
0
+5
0
O
|._J
g
’3’

‘ (l) ‘
U)
U)
(1)
"5
(/1

l0 0\

HFJ

I. )rill'5" hole
2..3rillers 3 18 14.00 756.

KN

Dismantlin: machinery

& plugfing hole

1. Tool dressers 2
2. Driller 2

’12.00 72.
14.00 84.

\NUJ

K. Salary dor Suterin-
tendent
2 fi4‘0 per month 1 460.00 460.

 

.30

_' EL!

Ket labor Cost $4118.00 ;
ion Insurance 311 41.18

t
Social Sec1 3 1% 41.18

$_.
"5
H‘
C...
(<:

 

Total Labor Cost f4200.26

11.;enreciation

A. Tire Sable . 900.00

8. Tools anl {achinery 500.00
Total Jeoreciation $1400.00

III.Excavat1on

 

A. Clearing location 5 0.00

7. Slush Tit 30' x 30' x 6' 100.00
3. flead man holes 7 - 2' X 5' x 4' 15.00
Total excavation $165.00

IV.Truck1ng $640.00

36 callons “or day - 52 java 335.60
3. o: forge 400 ”a lon \ 12¢ per rsl'on 48.00

600 fallon 3 20¢ her 3 llon 120.00
Total fuel cost $504.60

VI. Eire cost

I

1 An.” ,1 _: .,. ° A f‘ ' '1 n
A. 10 1r1ve 1L9 luvs loss

300' E 33.50 per foot 1050.00
5. ;3:reciation on 8", 6”, ari 5” casing 550.00

 

Total Zine cost . 1600.00

Summary of cost of grilling 4,C0 feet
1. Labor §4200.00

Japreciation 1400.00

‘-0

3. Excavation 165.00
4. 'Ewgcbirr‘ 61H3.00
5. Fuel 504.?0
6. fire 1600.00

7. Interest on investment 900.00
Total overall cost $9409.60

000 - V

Total cost per foot =

U}

 

LU
§\:

 

"n v
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”1" var" ' ~ '0 ‘L “‘ ..- . -'z 'a’x “I ‘ . whn‘ 4-
3. 1113 141.; set.-.. wll.,.io e £1.0cetu
T' n -' ‘H- '3 ‘ W “a ' r1 ’rfo- 3 - *1» r“-
94. .-O 18.1- .19 C ‘ . 3-: :1 DOCI;~2 3.) (”L“). [1.
[P ‘ 31‘ +97% ~ 1514“ («:7 c1 ‘1‘ '6». d1) (3 «rd 0 "1 ~ - --' ~15) qan-wn
. " .IJ I.“ . INAC’ JO ‘1 .C J h'IvQ-JL on .h— ‘_.' .— V ‘J O

5. Time lost in muddin: ur in tre u? er nole.
a. How to trovent it.
b. How to free tbs tools iaster.
c. H w to ietect indications of thick mud.

 

6.

I -1.

nerv creek down.

A)

Time lost in mach
a. ?roper care of machinery.

b. U“en to rerkne worn machinery.

Lost time in hole due to inefficient drilling.
a. Bull bit - UPODGP mtthods in bit dressing and
b. Reduce run in an? out time.‘

Settin? or erect'n~ macETDGPY-

v ‘ ‘ v .
a. ‘se wench tru cs svstematlca

Tie? lost in pullinf ari runniir casinfi.

a. Use c” work schedules to erece e for tEe casif”

ation.
b. Ways to reiuce the cost of casing Operation.

0. Proper care of cfising (pipe).

Lil

Lu

he right tlace a5 the

Oper-

H

(F!

Method:

 

A explanation of the various elements in the
drilling operation will be explained and a proposed

new method will follow. Conclusions will follow ;

 

each of the proposed new methods and will include
comparison 0? each.
I. To reduce the time spent changin? bits, to sharpen
and temper them.

a. The present method is to check the bit for

wear with the bit gage each time the tools

are removed from the hole in order to clean out
the drillings. It is nece sary that the bit does
not wear to less than i inch in diameter less than
the nominal sive. Two bits are used, that is while
one is being used to drill, one is in reserve.
After the bit is warn enouan to change the wrenches
are placed near the hole and the circle Jack is
assembled in place as the tools are pulled out of
the hole. fihen the bit joint comes right to the

on of the hole the tools are e opped and the joint

(+-

loosened with the large tool wrenches and circle
jack. The tools and loosened bit are then raised
out of the hole and the bailer is then placed in the

n the hole by .

13
l
'1
I:
I...“

'hole. while the bailer ’s bei
the driller, the tooldresser removes the bit from
the tools. This is accomplished by cospleting
the unscrewing of the bit from the stem by hand

1

anal dronnin; it on the derrick floor in ai upriant

i

)

 

 

 

 

position. The bit is then laid down on the anvil where
it is cleaned for the sharpeninT Operatien.

After the driller raises the bailer out of the
role with the machine, he tooldresser pushes it awav
frem the hole and steers it into a dune box where
the drillinfs and water is removed by gravity through
the valve in the bottom of the bailer. The bailer is
then rlaced in the hole for another run. After the driller ,”
has started the bailer back up the hole with the machinery
he chains the bailer lever down and goes to hele the . i
tooldresser get the reserve bit from the bit rack and
nlace on the end of the stem. Erevious to this the i
tooldresser has cleaned the ein of the reserve bit and ;.5
box of the stem to insure a rood tight joint.

Nith the aid of t‘e swivel wreich and chain falls
’mcunted on a swinging crantthe reserve bit is screwed
onto the stem. After the bailer is removed frcm the
hole, emftied and nla e ba h in tis rack the tools are
,laced in the hole. The tools are then lowered to the
nroner nositicn.and the foint is tightened with the
large tool wrenches and circle lack.

After the tools are lowered to the botton of the

7a -, J- .
L019 and starte

3).
ci-
O
(L
’3
f.)

I -J
H
to
(c b
H.
Li

‘0
Q
<6
0‘
Ho
c+
Cf
”5‘

J

t
removed is sharnensd. This is accomolished by heating
the beveled end to a forgirc temnerature and work: 5 the
metal to the desired share with l6 pound sled"e hammers
or a ram. Drom ale to five heats are required to acccmrlisn

this, dependizg ueon the size of the bit and the amount of

work that has to he d043 on it.

 

 

3 ‘0‘

 

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v. e
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3 I o o. v... so .1 .7 w... a: m...“ 2.. m .n. . .l t C 1 1 e 11
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r e ... l . a a a. O h r t 11. m e c... e ... u l
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U. ; e 9.. S +._.. .__ c t e . a. .. A a t .l O a». 1 1 an a
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8 C 71 .0 S 7: . . e u .1 P v _ e .1 e .
r f o t .. .. n .1 1 _ . t t t n a e v- r ,.....,_ d .. n1 e
s .. + c d n . f n L a 1 _ h l n t ._ l n c h.
3 r l qI O O C r“ .1 3 . 3 mm C O A... .. w. 3 ._ 1 .l S .l t .
. 1 O .2 C O 77.... a. . C .,. . +... S l t P .l e G . 79 O t
l A _. U.” S t 1 .. l a. a... .1 t w h w... .5. D G i u 9
t o u . _ n .3 t 1.. . .1 n h i s c n a e C o s .
a c e t O m. e ._ . 7 . . O m. b t e .f. r a h h .a . d u e
e n .1 o e r 1.. l 3 s .1 n 7» r. . h t o .1. t a m
h l e t l a- e . .u t .1 t s . e e t a C .1 a u C .1
e 3 . a. _. H e h C .7. h m d n A s .1 e t
. l P 7a S .C e S S 3 m m P t U. C t .1 t q. . e t T, n e 71, C .D _
o... P a l O a 9 .7 ... e P 3 .7: C O S .1 .1 .F. .L .3 d
P. v... a .n. a. O 1. 7R .3 A . .3. m; t S t a. 3 S b C t 9 e
r. h .. . t .w 0 C C C S e ..:. f. . . i e 2 t t .7- V
.1 .F U P t .n. o. m. r -u n. kw” u e .1 T «I l C 9 4 _ .l. 3
t e .1 C .1 e _ I O P s 7. .1 d t 3 i a 7d C e. . t 8 7n, 1.... . S
.1 7n 9 .i P .r
.A .A C n «7 oi. o
d C .2 b
a a T. 1 J m .
m.” f O ..
n O 3 O O T
An t t S t «I

C)

~ 4 w 1. n , . . N 9
At rrese.t bits must be onenfied on the everabe 0; one
L" .A n 4.1, W -. .1, ,- ,0 ,- 1
icr each three t me one tools are r, oved irim tee

-~ 5- “ :.,. .-« - D 1.1.- 4 n. —~._- . ~.
hols ior CLGQHLCW rurgoues. Ii es A Qlt is epdrfiened pro-

". . '. r». r» 1 . , v v ' z-w 4" r‘ I ,' V‘ ' e z ~ 1 -
perly ,iVini legimum a,arinl suriuce an; ,roter hardness

by :ncredsed to 4 to l. ime s ent

Ll:

this ratio coull

changini hits is a??TOKiflgtely 20 minutes. Cften it is

'\

necessary to full the t:ols out of the hole solely to change

3 o

a W ~ - ~~ f! a ‘ r r
a dull Olt: when that h ~ens the time saved mould be one

1.")
I

hour.

Hy firoyosed m tkoi 0:
Chan: n: time to 5 minutes waile drillinfi at depths below
2000 feet. At shallower tenths tee time saved would range
from 5 to 10 minutes oer change. This is due to the fact
that it does not require so long to null out the beilor and

‘

nachine time would be lost;

 

O
-—o

Ledue tion 0. time s ent bail

9,

* O

.Q

to
I"
\ I

n3 or Glee “in: out

fin

.‘I‘

(D
U}
Q
’ \

. 4
(—1"
H
a
K J
(4'
; l
O
Q

- 1 '7 .0. .9. , .._ o ' .1 J ,__. 4. ..
we nol l~oe irom LCGSS rril,;nfs all Hater,
‘ 7 - - _ F - 7- ‘ , '1 v " 4- -. 4 7 "I .7'
tie tools ace retovel irom tne nolexne“ the driller dA-
- ~ .3 . . 3.: - ,.. ”n _- .- 1.x .0. ,-. . .1
ts t e tools drea: n: ingt lS ULC sl n.that L19 hole
.I .. . .

o J. a
U

needs cleaninj out. After the tools are removed 1-
com on "reetice for the dril or to rake two runs or more
tn the bailer before continuinc drillinfi.

Tronosed method:

”rem discussion with marv drillers, there is too

mrch time 1035
juienent on tte r“rt of many d?ll:iL? su er xtenderts. tine
or 0 sin: is run into the hole 10: the "rimiry jureose of

shutting off rater zones so tfie drillinf tools will ox rt

.0 . e 1 .r 4. - t1 r . 1 -
fl . In , h ran/1*? 1 vyfi N n \ 173 (f! a)
o lmxtrt1-timn3 wits it.s .Dno ti

|._.'o

more force; It
cemnl ater shut 0L f. I trovose that eaCi drilliné con-
tree to sroull instruct his drillin“ SH"“rirtendeN‘
drill at least 4 feet into ereceeiin“ ferretion and add

three barrels o? eumeo clsv to the holeee for e runninfi ess n:
to insure a complete water shut off. This will reduce the
nu her of times that he beiler must be run to remove excess

9- a... ‘ fig '0 ~ I Y' . 1 n P“,
3 3n 333m tag kale ion urn hole drilling.

 

 

 

Lk
Q0
.- .55.!!!-

.15..

1
.JJ’.

ete water srut off will decrease the number

 

o; mailer runs. TLis eecreese woull be a variable arount

.1

but should .eve on the evera e of 16 hours fier well;

 

Reduction 0: time scent resetti;: :i“e Tore societs.
a. Ereseht KOQhOQ
Jiee re “ sachets are reset "“TlOiiCJ_fiy de‘*: fr:

on the qudlity of the wire rote e.l the hardness of tee
rock being drilled. Isny contractors require resetting
every 72 hours of drillin" to refuse th> nuMier 07 fisgir
iobs. The *Qfol a? resett’nj t”m seck\* “e; described
in the liscussies on drilliL" tools.

,

:3.

are removed from the hole

L . .
[0
OJ
i-)
C'"
F”
(L)
c+
I j "
O
C}-
D
O
}_J
U1
r 3

should inSject the wire cable for wear at the op of the

J.

s -» .. '5' '0 ; ‘K J' ~,\ ~ -_- ~ --
re_e 300,123 b. OlnCG NOS 0; L197 Wail-8.1" on 0-..; 3.1-30 I'C- e

occurs on tee fiftv feet direc lv above the tools, this

~17 u".—l 77:.» {-ncv-‘nC-é‘mr .31 c gran"! +1 8 tie-a *n 7o 9110 'namO-rmfl
L)-..O *‘L RV __._..;~J \J UV“ -v.._~.40 vwv-- U L1." LJ _ Col—L.) V: J .- q..l '. VVL

- , -. Jo _. r‘ qy \ q J- L‘—‘r\. .~ . Q
L1“4;ly; Horn 00 Lp_- olnt

‘D Mn‘ \ ~ .3 - 'q , -I- .- --~ 44-: --\ 'V
IL vrofl r cable and socket 1 Bye D;Cno

are rerforxed

-" , ‘— 4'3 4- , " 45'" ’3 -‘- n ° ‘. a " ‘2 ". - ,. _‘- . 7
the nude r CL lost tools or lisr_n~ Jets wedii 0 reduced
Fr‘ _3 1 v 9 *‘ ‘3

" v -j '- ~ ”1‘ .s -. ~v .—. O "I fl ' Q '“’ .. F’ -1 - ’ ‘ A "I". '
HLS vnninl reluce the THJKD drillinr.tu:>:mariai; one s;lit

|
.—

(7

r eir“t hours.

\
‘3

 

 

 

 

 

 

+1

- . . . . - ‘ 4.“ ‘1 - a 30 .. 7 : ~ A “J... v, 0 t1. 3 " -° . ,3-
1 81331". O.“ a £3.11.) T74. ce 1:.» .1. 01.41;. .Ll’l tie: CO VJ; O; 4...... no .
° .-4.° - ‘1 0 ,q 1-..; 4.1 - : --. - .x _~ .3331 ‘- . ‘. 3.3 r\ 4-
‘1 C“, V t" 7‘3." f‘rfi r1 .4 f‘" ”0,.“ _ “5.3-. ("fl . fl . ’5
It __3 u'7....:)u*.._..o .J rllveu. ~-'-‘_L; U;.l-) __S vex;- ”fie- 3-, we.“ .1wpuice

V

a _ . 3 _. - ~ _ v31 ‘ - l . .‘ fl _. ~ fl
unler normal Circumstances. Lany drillers lie their coed

‘ 1‘ ijflq nP‘ 'OA‘I. H“ 1‘ “3‘ -\.r\ r: "W ,1-, ‘ 1""): '77-) 'A.- -. i'\“\ "a, * fl ‘1
-1’1 Omelet; it; .3 ‘L-’u.u_.'.~ ___'; c it tillvlu, '0. “14.9 .25

C‘I-ny‘rq-l .f‘ p. —.~ Y" r a UC'Q‘P 1 .1 r "I 3‘ ‘IlA m .3 ‘nt‘ ‘1‘- fijfln~ffl .-j 3-40 .1- r‘lfi 1\1~—: .1
. --.._..‘ _v.v - -LJ.--‘.JQ. uk.L-—‘J.L._£_3 4.4.; ~1L.) t_._~ M 4.. .u- ‘J‘I‘M‘. .L 1 -LL L1-..~z ‘2 v- ..

v‘- d ‘ “W 7 1‘ . '\ ~ -'~ ~ A— ‘ fl It .1 "r— A - , , " 1
upee_s an; wou; directly on > resale reels mien t1) well

"_1 ‘0 ._‘ 0 _ o o 1“ 3 « _’_,‘ A ,‘ i
Vines ' re ine dew eelstien I» a urge e; e; e n

J— 31 - O ‘1 0 fl 4“ _ . 'u __q _ V“ ‘v - w /~ I ’ 4,

t o dfll' in o t , eell, mealrL« Ca33 should 7e egen DC

,a a . .. J- . ‘—- - ~A - ~ Q 4- wt‘ -2 N r ‘ . ‘
seat nabOf. luv PCng em unt oi twist snoull ee elven a

.’\ g‘ 1 ‘ J x‘ -. . — v- -. -‘ J. i ~ .
ljgi: eucr;iixie it irzclbiieed or1.x%2 screw!

. - 3 .. J. - - --. .- r'v °. .‘ “ , 4‘1“

1r“ eees ;,,_7 i so LJJflIS. two 1341, show.. 1‘3 U&““\xl i;
w ..2 ., .- .- 3 V 21,- J. .o 3 .. a. ‘1 :3 4. .~ L .

e201 bide ;t is ‘ullad out oi a hole -u_l 0; sale W.Jee.

“H " 3 3 “ T .3 A V“ - ‘1 .1. .1 m, J. . ‘ .3 -,- T -\ .
30 ane aveul; 0; ea“ lovely ins JCQGQ each ween ow, ea:-

-..'1 J. -1 ‘ ,3 «-1. 1 ‘i 4 (—4 ',. v. ,7! fl.’ ., - .. ,1 . .-, .° -

gletely oiled eitqtee n well. Mien s uidiag or tr vie:

_,. : ~ '1 ‘1 - ~ _,~ .w . '1 ,s '1 . 1- e .- ~ ,- -3 t-‘ ,. r. .3

.ire at Shallow de-tes en old line shou_t ee used. nnv

 

we”, 1 ,1 ‘ _‘ .3 . .
- eels snould leer ese “ire

1A-\_/

 

 

lost time in nullinj un in the

U*‘9“

In -ichir“h th.~e Vre strvtes just belov
thfit contiin blue ‘h'le. This blue sh la 7‘7n
mired "1th " te for s whet (3 com only celled
Then ex essiv“ dril in's collect in the ottom

the mud fo-ms in :in s thet collect around the
stick to t”e sile o? tie hole. fihen the tools
frcn the holw, the bit won t clear these mud “in“
a result “at corset. It is then neceswsr? to
throufh these r n?“ to free the tools. The r
drillin' L: throufih this; ‘ud r"'s t hes -r‘m
minutes due, not to the h rdness of the mud r;

(~J

drilLin3.

‘reeesed method:

Yrfi 3 :7. '1 '7 - ,3 J- ' ”.1- ' _:j ° 1- -
“sen the driller detects a 311 n 1 lies 1
_ 3 3 v , , ~ ‘ ' .. ,2 ' ‘. -.

Le should clzin out the mu“. “any uriooers n;
'1 J. J- 5‘

J

o

t-

t :itrhing on and unhitchin:

run .

LL...

out of those mud Winds, it hes been fieund that t
drillers try to null too much on the tools erl ”
up threufh the rinjs far nough.
Conclusion:

It is aivisable to drill up throujh the mud

.3)

FJ
O

Mum 3'1‘ (1

'V A WA-

‘ ’3 V! M "/_)'q
; ’~./ .L /-_.O ‘1' >JK‘L

1"1 "'
0-4.4.. ‘
.0
“.T‘“ .
’90.-) (‘9;

to

of mud
J. \
t9. 9 b _:O

Fron1
'iWLti213

00

many

,3

n't drill

until the tools are absolutely free before trfingto bull

('f’

 

 

 

 

4+

on them. Latlrslly, n;

v4 Ad ‘1.

a -. x"! ‘ ‘ ' »< 4- r's: _ 3- o I:
neon mud Pin 3 ace detectec oecauee the uncle is so; gnu
:; fi‘ or 4. 4.11, .4...- s 1- 1_ "' ..,.. 4.
uriiis so list ex3t n; n scrolly nas ta: Ieelin; that he

 

 

 

V,

6; Reduce time lost due to msc*insry creek down.

~_

e. =resent method:

 

’ S
U)
j
0
CO

i
0
5..)
I

eut tr se stresses are often exceeded. Then nerts of the

Tirery b eek they aie often requced by ntheshift parts
that are not properly desiéned and ail to more trouble.
All Fearinfis are of the bebbit tvfie and are lubric ted
freeuentlv; The driller and tool dresser constantly must
be on the look out for loose turn euckles and bolts.

0. Suigestions:

:orn mec"inerv snovli oe reelsced before they break

.1 4. .A
to insure bx

D

workers and the related mechirery.
Prater care eri consisht insrection shoull be given to the
guy wires or the wirh cables that hold the meet up.
0. Conclusion:
It is imnortent that drilling machinerv be ke:t in
constant repair; All worn machinery should be rejorted

to the drillin" sunerintendent and replaced immediately,

 

7. Reduce lost time due to inefficient drilling.

drillers and can tell when the drillers are using proper
motion and methods C
ajeoof drillers ther is a teriency to overlook many of
the faults that the drillers have to keep them on the job.
This fact has cost the contractors a lot of money and at
nresent there hasn't been much done to imnrove drillers.

1

Pronosed plan:

The drillin: superintendent shouli use some tact
and train the inexierienced driller by demonstrating the
nrooer methods. The individual would benefit and more time

and money could be saved. Any person not willini,to learn

and accept advice is not an asset to a contractor and should

be dismissed. I pronose that an incentive nlan be enacted

_'

dri'lin: of each well. The dril'inf suterintend-

‘

before t.

.3
LD

ent should set the standards and make an attempt to help
each crew oarticinate in incentive pay by training aids and

proter arrangements of crews.

 

 

8. Time saved by proper erection of machinery.

53..

re sent met1od:

lost contractors furnish a 1% ton winch truck with

each drilling machine.

This truck is very useful durin3

the drilling to rerform such tasks as hauling clay, fas-

D

olin~, casiné, tiahtening the belt and handling h;avy tools.

(

When the machine is to be disma

ntled anl moved the truck

is used extensively. Then a full ore: is available three

:5" f 0

men are used to dismantle the u

, 1,. .' a -— r.. .7 J-1_ ', !. _ .
.E‘LCillIld 8: iv}. Lifi-z O'~.);-(/lq U --.t‘/

are uzed to pr rare the next location by leveling off the

foun:ieti on site digéinn the de
gany contractors overlook the i
footinf for the foundation, bec
with the kind of soil at the lo
fro osed method:

comeanv. The one truck should

that is, leave the derrick mou
durinfi the entire moving onera

shouli b! loaded with the role

ma

’3'. A, J-v, 4- 4“ - 1' o A
.179 LIL-IO 6.2.:Ur2- bf'd.C;’~.S lPC‘K

1- -. .IQI‘}
((3 I '1‘.” j- I"—./ 1"er iae BAA-DI

ad man “oles ard slush tits.

1 J.

m; ortance of usin: suf;icient

ause the mud for it varies

cation.

other jobs or trucking

oe used only as a nol e truck,

nted on cne of the trucks

tion. The CtQQP two trucks

truck and carry the bulky

‘ -\ r\ 1'! ‘ c 1 -~ '.
ller ;-rts Oi tne machine

can be easily loaded on tne ydle truck and Qtickly unloaded

to fLee the :ole truck to unloa
new location. The
an elder as to allow the pole

.'

no . - LVN. ~,. ,... .1
oil tie t-o Cttgf trucls and Yi

ECG

d the ctr _=e1 trucks at the
machinery tarts should be moved in such

truck to lift the machinery

t in the

. ..

*Jo

firefier Togiticn

for erection at the new location. inc method may seem more

 

 

 

 

expensive but it is believed that the cost of rertin:
the trucks will save enoufh hvnd labor to justify its

nractice.

 

 

-~---.- a": raw: ‘ ,

 

educe time lost in pullinh and running casin3.

. ‘ --- ‘ I“ en . w -- J- " A ~a~ ‘ >7 ‘5 1 . . , 7 ‘
A ewe resent tine uflu wrectlce i uSirg hired Cielng
" .1 t O 5 rs fl . f‘. ‘ ,- “a \ 1 E ,‘ Q l' "l ‘
crews to run ion: strir s o: ces:n_ all ”133 up crexs .or

1.. 1 ~ 7 - rs '17: Y “>7 7 e -.v I a ‘ 1 ‘ .3 ‘ .‘v ~ . ‘a
tue snort str n3 is Lsed. In ric.i9_n one ion“ strings con-

. ‘A "‘ 7— 7‘ 7‘ ‘ 9 ' 1 V 1“ fl' .-. ’ (77‘ 7 4‘ 7;, I" l7\’ 7' 1 "-. ~
Sist of t'e J caSin: a i v:.ries Icon 2c.o 90 ){ct oe;end-

.- V. N 4- 1, .\ ,.‘ , 1,‘ .9 ~_‘ -- .o .4. 3‘ - ‘3 o W , . ' 1‘- ,t
-L,; on .L.: ue‘ii- Cl trTT'tO. o; LL53.JIn¢ee JJNKBStCnQ. inese

‘A 7 ~ ; F‘ 7 -:\ - u - z - ,- -‘ ‘ 4; 1 7 ‘fi -7‘ (V YA”. 1’- . 7 .1 :3 - r v'r)‘ I 7 1
hired ccgnn.. crass ddw3 r ize; .fiaii-sliiifiai aorlae run .ticx
.7 -n. n - . l a -. +.- a la

um C':MS are usually not trained but weriorm tie sim3ier

lobs. Tart of the dril;i n" crew is u sed to nerfor: the
. .

serjs-shiljxni jobs vflren *ixzt to czWyy IS are Lu:ed.

A "V 7} v . ‘~ I r PV r ("v M‘ . m
n s 3 Lil *Wre re e is 's9d 4: 1 c s_r in . -nis
wine rote is l ” in ii“ et;r. T he ri’?ir: of re blOCK

and tacile w 1 other casinr tools is necessary oefore the
-/

1. 0 -- 1 _ '1 - r-n - - - -

. ‘ r3 9 w. .‘ I 'n z + ”4"“ 1 ~ ’4‘, n 1 t1. A 1.1: a
1'53 C973.“ Qt, .' U.-. 01" 1-11.1.3». .;_L.'.') 1f]. 42.1..3. 3.63.1 97"; 1.197317: ' CLO
“"I 1777:" \. h n f V‘M _‘ C‘ 7“. q r) ,. .«‘ O -.—/—.‘ o“ 1 7:; «1 l" 7: fl . , . fl 7... .l _’7‘ 13“. n
0‘. u . Cum.) __. ._...: Click.-.) gal--. C..._._..'_-_ (A. ’.t;,'. bl“ (JO .',7"7‘ . '9 '_,

'3 r'" 1w. (‘--~.awfiq+: (“7’1 Tt “ r‘ r)“ f‘ «n _ 00"",fl'.’ L ' «fix-era t the)
C77- ‘ D - 4 , . -~' .7 K-’ ~ '-‘4 ‘J--< J-.. . uh i “J v" -L.. k7’0 -L 7’ V0 l) O -“.- "\l L’O 1‘10 7-1 C - -U

sein" bo:ore it is run in the hole.

When the c sinfi 's nulled out of a hole, the caSin
equirment lS Ififf£37émii a casfn: cr9m is EQJKMI. Usua.ly
of the casing is “ulled in two successive days.
‘roncsed method:

ncreassd

[.1
5
a)
U]
§

Tine can be ssved when the numher of
on the block and tackle to five a hivher mechanical advantage
as more casing is run in the hole. It takes arnroximetely
five minutesto a-d or decree.se he number of lines. At the

on, two lines should 0: used.

 

 

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ACCOPBESB BINDER O
BF 2507
may

AOCQ PRODUCT 8. INC.
Ogdensburg. N. Y.. USA.