w H m w n V,

[A STUDY or THE DEVELOPED
WATER POWERSITES :IN THE
STATE OF MICHIGAN ' ‘ ‘

'ThCSiS for the Degree of B, S r

Paul Blakc '
-* 1928

 

 

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5131133..

  
 
  
  
  

A study of the
DEVELOPED WATEE.POWEK SLTLD
in the state of

MICHIGAN

A thesis submitted to the
FACULTY
of
MICHIGAN STATE COLhEuh
of
Agriculture and.Applied hoience
by
:AUL‘EEAKE
Candidate for the Degree of
Bachelor of ocience.

June 1928

TH EIIS

 

Michigan's place in the industrial world is
well know by us all. Her factories, her means of trans-
portation, her natural resources, have all combined to make
her one of the biggest centers for the production of
wealth. We live in a quickly moving,r age, an age that gives
us little chance to sit down and wonder at the how and the
wherefor of all this hurry and scurry and tremendous prod-
uction of goods. Prominent industrialists, both within
our own country, and from foreign shores, have studied the
situation and made attempts to analyse the results.
Invariably they come to the same conclusion, that our prod-
uction is increasing at a much greater rate than our popul—
ation. The reason is obvious, machines are taking the
place of men. More machinery is being used today than ever
before. In the last quarter of a century we have increased
our manufacturing employment 65%, and during the same time
our production has increased 170%.

The advent of cheap mechanical power in
large quantities, is as responsible for this revolution in
industry, as the inventive genius that made the machines

possible. We may stop to wonder at the source of all this

energy, and in our investigations we find that electricity
forms a large share of this energy. 00mmercially, electric-
alienergy is derived from two sources, that of fuel com-
bustion and waterpower. Of the 27,000,000 KW installed in
the‘United States, 9,200,000 KW are develOped by waterpower.

In the state of Michigan we find a total installed capacity

-2-
of generators to be 1,225,298 KW, or 4.5% of the total pow-

er in the United States. 266,000 KW, or 25.4% of this am-

ount is produced by water power. The above figures were
obtained from data furnished by the United States Geologic-

al Survey and refer to public utility plants of a 100
horse-power or more. .

The United States Geological Survey and the
Bureau of Census have compiled reports and surveys of the
power situation in the various states and sections of the
country. However, they have not seen fit to publish det-
ailed information in connection with the various stetes,so
that their reports are of a very general nature. For some
time the need of this detailed information has been.apparent,
and in the winter of this year (1928) the Land Economic
Survey Division of the Department of Conservation took steps
to compile such information inorder that they would be able
to tell where water power was being generated, how much.was
being generated, where this power was used, and the route
which it took in getting to the consumer. As the first step
in the collection of this data,I the writer went into the
files of the Public Utilities Commission. They contained
no information concerning those plants that were municipally
owned, nor those comhercial projects which used all the
power they developed in their own processes. To obtain this
information the Survey sent out circudlar letters to the
Chamber of Commerce of the principal city of each county.
In those countiestwhere there were no such bodies, letters

were sent to the County Clerk. The results were very grat-

-3-

ifying, as a large amount of information was collected
from this source. The data on the transmission lines was
compiled from the records in the Engineer's office of the
Pulic Utilities Commission. Some of the lines were taken
from the report of the National Electric Light Association
published December 1, 1925. The writer also wishes to
acknowledge the assistance given him by the Consumers Power

Co. in locateing their transmission lines and those of the

Southern Michigan Light and Power Co. The surveys of sever-
al rivers in the state, prepared by Mr. Wisler of the‘Univ.
of Michigan, were alsdfgreat assistance.

To aid the reader in the analysis of the
data herein contained, we find a map of the state showing
the dams, their capacities, and the transmission lines. All
of the towns served by the various companies are not shown
on the map. To save confusion, just the principle towns
have been shown, and enough of the others to give some idea'
where the linesrun. .Also for the sake of simplicity, the
country distribution lines have been omitted. In the case
of the Detroit Edison Co. only their principle lines are
shown. It is their good fortune to have a large amount of
power used within a small territory. It is the belief of the
writer that this is one of the primary causes for the
success of that company.

In the writer's opinion this paper has its
chief value as compilation of statistics. It is more or
less of a difficult matter to draw conclusions from the

material presented unless the material is approached with

-4-
some form of argument to begin with. In this latter case
there is much to be obtained therefrom. however, there are
certain points that have been brought to the writer's at-
tention whéich might be some value to note here.

Comparing the map contained in this thesis
with that published in the report of the National Electric
Light Association Report of December 1925, one of the
striking features is the increase in the amount of transmis-
sion lines. These lines are not only extensionsof the
former systems, but there have also been lines to interconf
nect the various companies. Two cases are especially not-
iceable; one being the interconnection of the Detroit Edi-
son Co. and the Consumers Power Co., and the other being
the consolidation and interconnection of several companies
in the northwestern part of the state. This latter consol-
idation makes one system of the various companies extending
from Cheboygan on the north, to a point some ten miles north
of Muskegon on the south. The pfiber developed by this sys-
tem is comparatively small, still it covers quite a large a
amount of territory.

In the National Electric Light Association
Report, the system of the Consumers Bower U0. is noticeably
"U“ shaped. Beginning with the developments on the Manistee
River and running south thru Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo,
east to Battle Creek, Lansing, and Jackson. north to Owosso,
Flint, Bay City, and thence up to the developments on the

AuSable River. As the western half 0i the system is on the

-5-
30 cycles, this is to be expected. more recent information
shows that the central part of the “U" is being filled in,,
from the eastern, or 60 cycle,side.l '

The Consumers Power Co. system is typical

of the present day industry as compared with the industry

of twenty—five years and more ago. At that time it was
necessary for the industry to go where the Dower was located.
New the power is developed and brought to the point where

the industry may best be located from the point of other
factors. The Consumers Power Co. developes nearly half of
their power in those stations along the Manistee and.AuSable
Rivers, and each system is brought in over some hundred
miles of transmission line before it is turned into distri+
bution channels.

In the southern peninsula there is a not-
iceable strip running northeastward from Newaygo County
thru Roscommon, and on up to Presque Isle. where the dist-
ribttion of pwber is very scanty. This is to be expected,
as a map showing the distribution of population will show
that in that belt the average population is 1 to 20 persons
per square mile. The same in true in the upper peninsula,
the developément follows the population as it should.

In the earlier history of our industrial
deveIOpment many small plants were put in operation, not-
ably thru the southern part of the state. These plants
are giving away to the larger ones, as it has been found
that they can not compete with other sources of electrical
energy. In these small plants the mechanical power offered

by the water was used direct. Some are still in operation

-6-
in their original capacity, while others have been converged
to small hydro-electric stations. It is the feeling among
the Operators of public utilities that, due to the present
economies that may be had in steam generation, it is not
economical to develope water powers of 4000 KW to $000 KW
or less. For this reason many of these small early plants
have gone out of existence. The small plants in a large
system may net some return on the investment they represent.
In this state the cost per kilowatthour for steam and water
pwwer are so nearly equal that it takes a mighty fine water
power site to compete with the steam. 69.5% of the dams
in this state fall below the 4000 KW class, and they repres-
ent 50% of the total power developed. All of the municipal
and commercial plants are in this class.

We find the following facts in our study of
the data. The total power developed by the stations cover-
in in this survey is 290,854 KW. Of this 95.25 $ is devel-
oped by the public utilities, 1.67% is developed by the
municipal plants, and 3.1% by the commercial plants. A
total of I56 dams were reported. 75% of those were owned
by the public utilities, 14.1% by commercial concerns, and
10.9% by muninipalities.

An item of prime importance in the operation
of a generateing plant is the load factor, not only of the
plant itself, but also the system in general. By the term
load factor we mean the ratio of the average kilowatthour

over the period of a year to the kilowatthour output for a

half an hour at the peak of the load curve. Systems must

-7-
be designed to take the peak, and to Operate efficiently
the average should be maintained as close to this peak as
is practicable. Creager and Justin in their “Hydro-elec-
tric Handbook" state that for small plants the load factor
may drop to as small as 20%, and that with large, well
regulated, concerns this factor runs up to 80% and in rare
cases to 90%. We find from an investigation of the statis-
tics that nearly all of the plants in Michigan operate at
a facOtr which.faries from 50% to 50%. Of these we find
that a large share Of them Operate at between 50% and 35%,
and an equal number between 45% and 50%. NO statistics
are at hand on the municipal or commercial plants but in
all probability they operate around 50% or less, unless
they are interconnected with some utility that is equipt
to take care of their peak demand. At first, one would
think that in a large interconnected system such as the
Consumers Power Co. that the load factor would be high,
but on investigation we find that their steam plants oper-
ate On the base of the load curve and at a high load fact-
or, while the hydro-electric stations carry the peak on
a load factor that is considered quite poor. We find that
within the state we have plants Operateing on as low a
factor as 18.6%, and as high as 67.9%. However, these cases
are exceptional.

We find in the territory lying along the
border between Michigan and Wisconsin.some 57,000 KW of
developed water power. It would be interesting to know

whether this power is being used in this state, or in

-5-
Wisconsin. The transmission lines on this side of the bor-

dcr are few, but the writer has no idea as to the amount of

flier that may be used by the mining companies concentrated
in the area covered by these transmission lines.

It would appear from the information that
has been obtained that there is no use of water power in the
copper district of the upper peninsula.

The writer regrets that time did not permit
him to gather more information on the transmission lines in
the upper peninsula. The most prominent cases are those of
the Cliffs Power and Light Co. and the Northern Electric CO.
It is also felt that some of the systems shown in the south-
ern peninsula have changed since the information shown was
compiled.

In reviewing the data covering the period of
the past few years, one is constantly reminded of the state
of flux that exists in the electrical industry. Smailer
companies are being absorbed by the larger ones. Old prOp-
erties are changeing hands. Thru interconnections and con—
solidations the southern peninsula is becoming one big net-
work, with the ownership being divided among a few big
companies. This does much towards the improvement of the
service rendered. In an attempt to keep pace with this
changeing state of affairs. the Land Economic Survey is to
continue to add information to this report as fast as that
information is made available. The writer wishs to call
attention to this fact so that anyone who may have occasion

to refer to this paper may know where the original inform-

-9-
ation is to be found and where any new information is liable
to be filed.

The following is an index and supplementary
table to be used with the enclosed map. In the one table
the dams have been listed alphabetically, in the other the
companies have been listed in a similar manner. In the list

of companies we will also find the developments that each

company owns.

mm B! STATIOIB

Statics Company nivor Soc.Tosn.Bng. «flit:
Ada Loser Ponds»:- Co. Thompplo 7E 10' 8500
Albion Consul-arc Pour Co. KalamasOO 16 38 3' 150
noona * s AuSablo is as: on 0000
ilpona Alpsna Poss: Co. muss upsna 960
illogan con-morn Pom co. Kalanasoo s: u 13w 400
1:50 Dotroit Edison Co. Baron 23 6] 1075
um ithons mi 4. Pour Hottsla 4.3 as 50
Atlanta io company wands: 301! as so
.W Cliffs some Lt.Co. AuTrain can 80' 1000
Baldwin Baldwin Poss: Co. Doro lard. m 13!! a
Danton Conan-ass Poss: Co. Chippewa 16! 7' 60
Barton Dotsoit Edison Co. Enron 83 ’ 61 1500
non-ion Springs Indiana 1. lich. BorriOn

. , Eloctric Co. 8t.Jcssph _ Springs 7200
Bots: aim- to... Pomrossr Co. Bots: 2. 2512.151: 1010
Bosses-ton iolsorino Pour Co. Tobacco 17! it 6950
his mid- oonsnnsrs Poss: Cc. mean 151 1011 can
s1... Risor 'mmmmorvioo co. Black on m 1000
than City " ' 5". " Boyns 38! of 300
so... radio 5 '3 i- - m as 75
tram Drugs on; or Trav.City - than... sex 10s coo
Bruls ' sis.-Mich.rour Co. Bruls as our 6838
Duohnan Buchanan 4100

mm Mich.Eloc.Co. St .Josoph

Station Capany

Callas Constructs Pour Cc.
Cabria Ind.Eloo.Utilities
Carp liver Cliffs Pond- Int.Co.
Caro nicthootric Co.
Cascado Lossr Psn.Posor Co.
Corssco Consulsrs Poss:- Cc.
Contorvillo Contonillo Water

a. Blsctric Cc.

Chalk Hills Icrthern Elcc.Co.
Chappol . Gladsin Lt.&POI.Co.

Chandler Falls Escanaba Pour
a. Traction Co.

Club oygan Union Bag 8: Paper
Corporation
Constantino mch.Cas 8. Bloc.
Ccfi Consmors Pour Co.
Cromll Ramona-as Co.
Crystal falls City of CrJalls
Croton Consuors Pour Co.
om Riser Cliffs Powd- Lt.Co.
i... Crook I.Jordan mums.
4. Pour Co.
Mills Iolvorino romeo.

llk Rapids

“Chow o 80"10. 000 m

Rivas Soc-Tosn-Bng
Tobacco 1911 it!
St.Josoph 78 SI
Carp 48H 25'
.' WI 1” ”
Thornapplo 6] low
Iaianasco 2! 6'
Prairio 68 10'
lananinco 56H 88'
Codar 191! 21
Bscanaba 25 40K 25'!
Chsbcygan 38H 1'
3300,03.“ 78 12'
AuSablo 15 us 7]
Black 10! 16!
Paint 6! 32'
Mon 12)! ll!
Doad “I 36'
Door Crock 321! W
Tittabasassoo 171! it
an 9'

K. W.

Capacity

55

5600

2000

2500

1500
1200

600

160

625

Station

Forry

Company

lich.Pob.Sorvico Cc.

Pi" Channols-Consuasrs Power Co.

Flat Rock
roots
sot-d

.... 1m.

haunt-tutu

ire-brook
ironch
Landing

Goodriflh

m Rapids

Croos

Crayling

Croonsillo

Hamilton
hm...

Essporia

Bscanaba Power
is Traction Co.

Consunors Poser Co.
Ford Hydro-Bloc.Co.
Alpona Poss: Co.

City of Portland

Dstroit Edison Co.
rrsoport Eloc.Co.
Detroit Edison
City- ”of ‘5 Gerard“.
Jcs.Schuls Jr.
courier Bloc.Co.
Consnnors Power Co.

Rscanaba Pour
J: Traction Co.

moh.m.3onioo Co.

Consunsrs Pcsor Co.

Hamilton mount.
. 1:. Pour Co. .

as... Kart
indorson Bros.
flanks: Killing Co.

mono” oswc. 006

nivor Soc-Town-Rng
North Br.

Whito MN 151:
iuSablo 84! GE
Bscanaba 7 391! 22s
AuSablo as 24! C!
lioneninoo 4011 511!
mm» 51! 83
o... m 63
Gram 51‘ 5'
Huron 33 Cl
illornapplo 5! 9'
Huron 88 vs
Br.cf St.Jcs. 58 6'
Coins 181! CI
Koarslsy Cr. 6! pl
Grand 7! 12'
locanaba 35 ‘0] 85!
AuSablo 2615! 4'
Flat 91! 8'
Rabbit 3! 14'
Pontsator 153 1?!
Paw Paw Hartford
Boar Cr. 34.! 6t
Ihito MI 14'

K.W.
Capacity

75
6000

1800

6&0
1000

1000

§:

135

110
no
500

500

Station
Horsoy
mm
Sodonpyl
mus
honor

Hubbardston
lsgalls
Junction

Ialsnasoo
ioystono

Sonatas
more
Winston
imam.
island
BM
losoll #2
Lowell #1

30"!

.

Lyons

0m
hank ucmtyro
an mm
Coupon rotor Co.
Villoot Hodunk

sun: mantra-mo.

Consunors Pour Co.

Ionaninoo a Harin-
otto Lt.ld‘rac.Co.

Consuaors POI” 000

Bryant Papor Co.

City of “Trasorso
City .

Conouors Posor Co.

iillago of L'Anso

Consuors Poss: Co

Anti-in Light a
,Posor Co

so.sioh.muo
$021100 00.

Ocasmrs Posor Co.
King Milling Co.
Consuors Posor Co.

iodlich.Public
.Sorvico.Co.

City of Lyons and
0er ”0009

nisor Soc-Tosn-nng
lorsoy l?! 101
moor 511! 4.3
llanistoo 88! 12'
Hog Crook cs 7'
or... Kalam-

asoo 43 4'
rich Crook as as
maniacs us 27'
histoo Cl ass 15'
Ialmco 28 ll!
Boards-an son ll!

Thornopplo 15 CI 10'

CC! 38'
not In 0'
Rapid so: 7!
0 SI! 12'
man “I on
Grand 6! 9'
" 34 71! CI
Boaronan 87! ll!
Grand 71: 5'

LI.
Capacity

13,000

3

0500

13,000

150

§§

640

Station

Caspany

Iain Stroot ll. Connors Pos.Co.

hplo
larion

bucolona
Eaton
Harshall
loyfiold
[calm
”as
liio
lilies-d
Ionroo 8t.
sumo-nun
rattan.
Korloy

looros hrk

luau-o
lickol Plato

North Branch
Horny Point

Clivor
Ortonvillo

Iich.Pnb.3orsico Co.

Consmrs Pour Co.

intrin Lt.&Poo.Co.
Viloof llanton

8.3.8argont

one. some. Int.Co.
Coorgo Hollands
Consunoro Pesos Co.
Dotroit Edison
Consuls” Pour Co.

on so

Hich.Cas a lloo.Co.

Yostorn Hydro-
5 lloctric Cc

City of Lansing

Consuors rosor Co

(I ll amnion
am Bloooki

“your. ".3 000
Clivor Conpany

balding Milling Co.

Consnnors Posor Co.

Bivor Soc-Town-Bng

mamas» 88. 7'
laplo 36H 4'
Brat lookou-

gon 201! 7'
codar 30R 7'

Duct Hanistoo :3! CI
Kalanasoo 28 as
liayfiold Or. son 10!
Mad can 25s
us as
man is us a
Enron as 73
lalanasoo as 7'
Chipposa 16 14s as

‘Bt.Josoph 88 15'

Littlo Muskogon l! I II
or... as so. ’

Husbgon u 131! 13'
Prairio Cr. 7. cs

loonranch 0:

Thundor 83! fl
moods: on: on
Inn-inn 89! cos

Iorsloy Cr. 5! 9!
Kalanasoo 17 ll 13'

KJ.
Capacity

8

10.000

315

150

1600

100
1000

1600

fig

station coupon; am: Boo-Iosn-Rng Capidity
Paps: nu Dotroit ldison Co. Enron 33 7! ’50
has Iron 2... Iron Co. lionminoo an: nos
Pins ' lis.-liich.Pos.Co. Pins lisconsin £000
Plainsoll *1 cm:- Posor co. Ialusasoo 19 11! us 900
nun-en is Lchan’wor co. Kalanasoo in us 500
Portoeo ' ts...“ a 31.0... Portago u 12' :10
Potoskoy City of Potoskoy Boar Crook 160
hisinsillo Bisor Raisin Hydro-

noctric Co. Raisin 68 7] 100
losonna Conn-Ira rosor Co. Crockory Or. so 514' :00
Boot City Consmaors Posor Co. Honoy 32.0:

makegcn 17! 10'

Rockford " " Bongo 9! 11'
sodium ... J not... an": Crook ass as
logors omu ram 00 mm is m 10v 0750
Sanford Volvorino Pour Co Tittabasasooo lb! 1!
Caracas ‘ Loko Crook or 0!
Salt stoJlario Edison 300

llactric Co. Stdiarys d?! 13 8565
Saxon Falls Inks morior Dis.

. -Paor Co. . liontroal 483 m 1350
Cooord IOlsorino ram Co. Tittabasassoo 19! ll 1500
masons" Consonors Posor Co. Chianuoo l I! 5! 100
Cnallwood Iolvorino Posor Co. Tittabasasooo m is 1000
tyros Consmors’i’osor Co. flat 8! 8' 860
Stronach - " " SoJranch 0f 7

Marxist” so m 151' 000

Station

Bturgoon

Stono

Canaries

0m ,
Wis-flich.Pos.Coo
marrow:
Dotrcit Bison Co.

7

emporior l'allo' m. Superior Dist.

Tokonsha
Thorns
Tour
Trosbridgo
on. Falls

UP!”

UP)"
union City

Valloy City

Vassar

Iagar
iobbor

mt. Rapids
Wolf Crook
Iolvorino

-..,

P0"! 000

“11.0: Tokonsha
John Thorn

Cnasay Eloc.1.t.
a Power Co.

C0nsmors Pour Co.

Vii-111611.POI.Coo

Ho.liich.Public
Sorvico Co.

Vil.cf Union City

Valley City Mill-
ing 000

Hart Bros .Elovator
CCo

Consumers Posor Co.
0 I
lorthern lloc.Co.
Otto Blowski
liichJuhSorvico Co.

River Soc-Town-Rng
Honominoo 3911 29'
chuooc 35H 33
Enron 58 73
Montreal 481! 49W

Br.0f St.Jos. m 6!!
Biflo and as
Black
Kalamasoo ll 11! 13W
lionaninoo eon cos
Boardman 371! ll!
Lake Crook 6N CI
1

Stet?" .ph 53 7V
Lookinglass on as
Cass ll] 83
Grand so 7! CI

" 4 Cl 5'
nonunion us as
Volt Crook
Sturgoon ass 2'

Capacity
1000

1325

1650

1600
6850

150

300

its

Stat ion
#1

#2

#l
#2

Canpany

Menominoo a Marin-
otto Paper Co.

lionominoo a. Marin-
otto Paper Co.

City of Charlovoix
City of Bollairo

Inch. Northern Poser
0 0 o

PrairioCrook Hill-
1113 00o

liver Sec-flosn-nng

nominee

Intermediato

Cedar

St .Marys

Prairio Cr.

31]! 27W

our 27w
501! as
3011 as
47x 13

7N6?

I I
Capacity

3500

3000
575

125

40,000

50

HIBLIC UNILITY PLANTS

0mm .
Alpona Pour Cuspany

Andorson Bros.

Antrin Light In Pour Co.

Athens Mill 3. Posor Co.
baldsin Posor Plant

Contorvillo Iator a
mootric Cmpany.

curt- Pour a Light Co.

Consumers Posor Company

Dan
Alpona
roar Milo
lorsay Pt.
Hartford
Lootsvi llo
ihncolona
Athons
Baldwin

Contorvillo
AaTrain
Carp Rivor
Dead Bisor
licCluro
Albion
Alccna
Allogan
Barrytcn
Big napids
Callas
Corosco
Cooks
Croton

rivo Channols
roots

Grand Rapids

Creonvillo

Coupon:

common Pour (Cont 'd)

2

Ian
Hodonpyl
Rubbed“ on
Junction

Lona-go

. Langston

Loud
noun #1
icon.
lain StJ.
lotion
no
Ionroo St.
[ount Plouont
Naugo
Otoogo
Flatiron
hum
Rood City
Rockford
Bogar-
Bhunuoo
Smyrna.
Stromoh
hmudgo
m
Iobbor

0m
betroit ldioon Go.

loot JamminJaight a. Pom
much Soul’s noon-1c Co
homo Pour a; fromco.

For! Hydro-Slocum Co.
iruport noctrio co.
élodtin Light a. Point Co.
coouzohhoomo.
Milton BlJ-io‘u ”.00.
in»: BLMJ Pour Co.
Indiana liocmiiiitiu
Mono 5. Mich.lloc.co.

M. ”0:10: Dilt onCOo

Lou: Poninlnlo Pom-Go.

Dan

138°

Barton

honch Landing
Goad"
Milford

Pope: mu
Barrio:

boa Crook
80.1111: Similar“
Mo: n11.
nu nook
Grooo

Ford

irooport
my“
Goodrich
Emilia:
Honor
w
Buchanan
Borrion Sprimo
soporior an:
m mi-
Mn
Botoio nivor

' Cum.

mission

Company
licIntyro, Prank
mch.llor.rov.Co.
Michigan Electric Co.

Hichigan Public Sorvioo Co.

Michigan Coo a. Eloo.Co.

lionuinoo a: minotto

Iodichignn Public Sonico Co.

lorthorn Bloctrio Canon:

In!" ILLight a. rotor Co.
holding Killing

M Iron Coupon
iim.hioinnydro-Bloc.Co.

Sorgont, 3.3;

Wt”. JOMO

Dam
Horny

Soult Stochrie
Caro
Block Bivor
Boyno City

" Folio
:11: Rapid.
lorry
Crawling
Hooporio
Hoplo
Iolvorino
Conotnntino
Mottvino

Portogo

Ingollo
tom

henna

6mm

Chnlk mn-
lhito Bopido
sour
Crtonvilio

Pom Iron

Roi oinvillo
mum

lickol Pinto

Oman:

Schulo, Joooph, Jr.
‘i'horn, John

Iootorn Hydro-Blow”.

Iioconoin-Eichigon Paor Co.

Iolvorino Pmr Co.

Stnrgoon
Mn m1-
Bonvort on
Monrillo
Soc ord

Snollvood

City
Bonniro
Chorlovoix
Cryotol Folio
cm '
Hort
not“:
name
mu»
him
fintm
Potookoy
Portlnnd
Cotonou

'i'rovoroo City

Union City

MUNICIPAL PLANTS

Dom
Bonniro #2
oo #1

cryam rains

' cum

fiort

nodnnk
ilooro 'o Pork
mm

m

fint m
rota-ho:
honbrook
mun
brown Briogo
toy-two
Won City

OWIAL PLANTS

Coupon:

Brunt Ropor Canyon:
llovoki, Bail
film-k1, Otto
Ilmki, Poul

Hnnkoy Killing Co.
hm Brothoro
king mung
truth, LG;

Imam, Coorgo

Honminoo an minotto
Honor Co.

lighigon Sago: Co.

Olivor Coupon: .
Puirio Crook Milling

rennin, m J.
Union Bog 8: l'opor Co.

taller cm Milling Co.

Don
Atlnnto.
Inlanuoo
North Branch
Volt Crook
Hillnon
hankomth
mm
Yuoor
Lovoll #2
atono V
hrohnll
Ronni“

lononinoo #1
lononinoo #2
Crouoll
Oliror
Proirio Crook
Iconon'o

Choh argon

73110: City

Boron-n

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MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

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