gkéhéggi

: 

oil .
,!ll‘.ilx.ii11lH!:

“THE FARMER IS OF MORE CONSEQUENCE THAN THE FARM, AND SHOULD BE FIRST IJIIPROVE .”

Von. 7,—No. 15.
WHOLE No. 119.

SCHOOLCRAFT. MICH., AUGUST 1, 1881.

_€Your SUBSCRIPTION
(will Expire with N0.

Entered at the Post Office at Schoolcratt
as Second Class matter.

‘din drangr diisiisr

Published on the First and Fifteenth of
every month,

AT FIFTY GENTS PER ANNUIVI,

Eleven Copies for $5.00.

J. T. COBB, Editor and Manager,

To whom all communications should be addressed,
at Schoolcraft, Mich.

Communications for, and Correspondence relating
to the Agricultural Department of the GRANGE Vis-
xroa, should be directed to A. C. GLIDDEN, Paw Paw.

Remittances should be by Registered Letter, Money
Order, or Draft.

INDEX TO THIS NUMBER.

Goin’ Home To-day——Wheat—Wool, Grades and
Qualities— Shrinkage of Unwashed Wool—The
Wheat Crop of Michigan, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Do the Meek Inherit the Earth ?—-In the Mountains
—The Army Worm—Future of the Grange-—How
Long are we to Live ?—The Wheat Crops of 1880
and 1881, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2

The Railroad Question—Ads., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Our Wanderings, No. ?.—National Grange of the
Patrons of Husbandry, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4

Pickings by the Way, No. 37——August and Autumn
Meetings, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Lost Opportunities—Step by Step—-Who was Alex-
ander, and What of his Life ?—To Preserve Eggs
for Good Markets-—The Tendency to Save—Adul-
teration of Food—Agc of Sheep—-Cattle on the
Plains, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6

Report of Centerville Grange, No. 7U——Raspberry
Grange, No. 593—St. Jo. Co. Grange, No. 4 etc.-
Youth’s Department——Reaper Death— Ads.,. . . 7

Our VVhereabouts—-Notices of Meetings—Ads.,.. 8

Officers National Grange.

MAsrEa——J. J. WOODMAN, (Paw Paw) Michigan.
OvEnsEEn—PUT. DARDEN. - - Mississippi.
Lncrunns.-1-IENRY ESHBAUGH, - Missouri.
S’I'EWARD——A. J. VAUGHN, - Mississippi.
Assr. STEWAED—WlLLIAM SIMS, - Kansas
CH.A.PLAIN—S. H. ELLIS, - - - Ohio.
TamsUnEa—F. M. MCDOWELL, - New York.
Sacaamnr-—WM. M. IRELAND, Washington, D.C.
on-s.KEi11>1an—-o. DINWIDDIE, ' - Indiana.
CEBES—MRS. J. J. WOODMAN, - Michigan.
POMONA—MRS. PUT. DARDEN, - Mississippi‘
Fr.oa.s—MRS. I. W. NICHOLSON, - New Jersey.
Lam! Assr. STEWABD—MRS. WM. SIMS, Kansas.

Executive committee-

D. WYATT AIKEN, - -
H. JAMES, - - -
W. G. WAYNE, -

South (yrolina.
Indiana.
New York.

Officers Michigan state Grange.

M.—-C. G. LUCE, - - -
0.——A. N. WOODRUFF, -

L.—C. L. WHITNEY, - ' -
8.—S. A. TOOKER, - - Lansing.
A. S.—A’. E. GREEN, - - Farmington.
C.—SALMON STEEL, - Manton, Wexford Co.
'l.‘.—S. F. BROWN, - - Schoolcraft.
Snc.—J. T. COBB, - - Schoolcraft.
Gr. K.—ELIJ AH BARTLETT, - Dryden.
CEaxs.—-Mas. A. S. STANNARD, - - Lowell.
POMONA.—MBB. E. D. PLATT, - - Ypsilanti.
FLonA.—Mns. A N. WOODRUFF, Watervliet.
L. A. S.——Mns. A. E. GREEN, - Farmington.

Gilead.
Watervliet.
Muskegon.

Executive committee-

TIIOMAS MARS, Chairman, - Berries Center.
J. WEBSTER CHILDS, - - Ypsilanti.
F‘. M. HOLLOWAY, - - Hillsdale.
J. O. A. BURRINGTON, — Tuscola.
~ WM. SATTEBLEE, - Birmingham.
TIIOS. F. MOORE, - - - - Adrian.
JOHN PORTER. - Grand Rapids.
0. G. LUCE, J. T. COBB, - - Ex-oflicio.

General Deputy.
C. L. WHJTNEY. - ' '

State Busli:1_e_ss lgent.
moms Mason, - - chicago.I1L

Mnskegon.

Special Lecturers.

Thou. F. Moore,. . .. .. ....... . .Adrian; LBBSWBG 00-
Geo, W, Woodward. ... . .. .. .. ..Shelby,0csana Co.
M. L. Stevens,....  .. . ....Perry, Shiawassee Co.
Mrs. S. Steele, .............. ..Ma.nton, Wexford Co.
L. B. Brown, ......... . . . . .Bawsonville, Wayne Co.
Andrew Campbell. ..... "Ypsilanti, Washtsnaw Co.
Chas. E. Mickley. . . . . . . . . . . ..Adrian, Lenawee Co.

RINTI-ID BY KALAMAZO0 PUBLISHING
Co.. Pan:-mas um Pumasunns, Kalamazoo.

Ir cosrs but onepcent to mail this paper
to your friends.

divitzulluml Euiwlmwl,

A. C. GLIDDEN,

PAW PAW.

GOIN’ HOME T0-DAY.

My business on the iury’s done~the quibblin’ is all
through-

I’ve watched the lawyers right and left, and given
my verdict true ;

I stuck so long unto my chair, I thought I would
grow in ;

And if I do not know myself, they’ll get me there

in; .

But now the court’s adjourned, for good, and I have
got my pay ; _

I'm loose at last, and, thank the Lord, I'm goin’
home to-day.

I've somehow felt uneasy like, since the first day I
came down ;
It is an awkward game to play the gentleman in

town ;
And this ‘ere Sunday suit of mine on Sunday rightly

sets

But wheri I wear the stufl a week. it somehow galls
and frets.

I’d rather wear my homespun rig of pepper, salt and

gray-
I’ll have it on in half a jifl when I get home to-day.

I have no doubt my wife looked out, as well as any
one——
As well as any woman could——to see that things were

done:

For though Melinda, when I'm there, won’t set her
foot outdoors,

She’s very careful, when I’m gone, to tend to all the
chores,

But nothing prospers half so well when I go off to

stay
And I will put things into shape, when I get home
to-day.

The mornin’ that I came away, we had a little bout;
I coolly took my hat and coat, before the show was

out,

For what I said was nought whereat she ought to
take offense ;

And she was always quick at words and ready to
commence:

But then she’s first one to give up when she has had
her say,

And she will meet me with a kiss when I go home
to-day.

My little boy-—I’ll give ’em leave to match him, if
they can;

It’s fun to see him strut about, and try to be a man;

The ganiest, cheeriest little chap you’ll ever want to
see !

And then they laugh, because I think the child re-
sembles me.

The little rogue I he goes for me. like robbers for
their prey ;

He’ll turn my pockets inside out, when I get home
to-day. ~

My little girl—I can’t contrive how it should happen
thus—

That God should pick that sweet bouquet and fling it
down to us !

My Wife, she says that handsome face will some day
make a stir ;

And then I laugh, because she thinks the child re-
sembles her.

She’ll meet me half way down the hill, and kiss me

any way, _
And light my heart up with her smiles, when I go
home to-day.

If there’s a heaven upon the earth, a fellow knows it
when

He’s been away from home a week, and then gets
home again ;

If there's a heaven above the earth, there often, I'll
be bound,

Some homesick fellow meets his folks, and hugs ’em
all around.

But let my creed be right or wrong, or be it as it

may,
My heaven's just ahead of me—I’m going home
to-day.
-- l/Vill Carleton. in “Farm Ballads.”

Wheat.

The estimates for the present wheat crop,
based upon the statistics at hand, and the
opinions of the commercial and agricultural
papers are before the public. These esti-
mates and opinions vary considerably, and
are doubtless shaded somewhat by influen-
ces that go to make up the reports. The
estimate coming from the Secretary of
State is probably more nearly correct than
any other figures published, 16,000,000 bush-
els. That is but a little more than one-
third of last year’s crop, but the quality
will rank higher, and the price be some
what advanced. The crop is secured in ex-
cellent condition, and the grain will soon
be on the market, and its value tested.

A larger area of wheat will, no doubt, be
sown this fall than usual. On account of
the failure of clover seed, and the small
crop produced, g large amount of stubble
ground will again be sown to wheat——not a
favorable augnry for an exceptionally large
harvest next year.

The increase in wheat production in the
United States in the last decade has been
at the extraordinary rate of 73 per cent.
The opening up of the great Northwest to
its cultivation, with the unusual crops pro-
dneed within the last few years, have made
the aggregate amount produced reach fabu-
lous figures. The last census report shows
that in 1879 456,000,000 bushels of wheat
were produced, and almost four times that

amount of corn. It would seem that the
extreme limit of wheat. production was
about reached. The failures in the older
settled States balancing the development of
frontier wheat-producing lands will prob-
ably keep the mean annual cxop at about
the figures shown in the last report. The
absorption of such a vast amount, so as to
leave no great surplus on hand at this
harvest, is proof that there is no imminent
danger of over-production, and that the
needs of the country will keep the price of
wheatfrom falling below the cost of pro-
duction. 

Wool—Grades and Qualities.

There is no produl":t of the farm of which
so little is generally known as the qualities
of wool, and ‘he Values of the different
sorts. F armers haw learned to measure the
values of stock and grain from their or its
general appearance. The market value has
depended upon the appearance, along with
the contingency of supply and demand.
But with Wool it has been entirely different.
‘The street buyer knows as little of the real
value of the sample as the producer, and the
measure of his success is governed by his
capacity for belittling the value of the clip,
and shrinking the largest number of fleeces.
The farmer has submitted to extortion and
downright cheating from want of sufficient
knowledge of his product to demand its
value. So long as the producer of wool can
be kept in ignorance of values, so long the
system of purchasing all wools at one price
will remain. This knowledge of qualities
becomes a necessity, when the farmer de-
sires to so improve his flock by judicious
selections as to retain only those animals
producing the wool most valuable, and
most sought after. This assorting of the
flock has had very little attention from the
very fact that no discrimination is made
between inferior and superior qualities by
the ordinary buyers on the street, and there
has been no incentive to the production of
wool of a superior quality.

The qualities in the central Wool markets
are guaged as No. 2 and common, X wool,
No. 1, and Fine Delaines. There are
variations of these, as XX wool, which is a
higher quality than X, and below Fine
Delaine.

VVe have before us samples of each of the
above varieties or qualities, sent us on ap-
plication from the wool house of Fenno &
Manning, Boston.

FINE DELAINE.

This quality comes from the merino
blood, or from crosses very nearly up to the
standard. It must be tine and long, at
least 2-} inches as it comes in the fleece,
without stretching. It must be light and
bright, and needs to be washed to at-
tract the attention of buyers. It is
most eagerly sought after, and the_de1aine
mills are gathering it in as fast as it is
exposed for sale. Many farmers grow long
fine wool that would pass for delaine except
that it is not fine enough. Many others
grow wool that is fine enough but not long
enough. The two qualities combined in the
right proportion make delaine wool. The
price is quoted in the last report at 44 to 46

cents.
NO. ONE.

This is a half-blood cross between the
merino and coarse wooled sheep. Its value
rests in the fact that it is long and fine, and
especially that it gives a larger percentage
of scoured wool of ‘good quality than any
other. The quotations in the last report for
this grade is 46 to 480. per lb. To show that
this is not a desirable grade of sheep to keep
we refer to a tabulated report of the results
of scoured fleeces of the different grades. A
South Down and merino ram (a grade from
which No. 1 wool comes) showed the great-
est average value for the unwashed pound
of any in the lot, but the least value in the
aggregate. While the average of the meri-
no fleeces brought $4 45, this cross-bred
sheep’s fleece brought but’ $2.14, less than
half the value of the merino. So while the
quotations might lead one to think thisa
desirable grade of wool to produce, the
money values of a clip would show a.
balance on the wrong side.

x WOOL.

This is the ordinary fine merino wool.
The length is two inches and under. Most
of the Michigan fine wool grades X, much of
it only needs length to make fine delaine.
It goes under the general appellation of

clothing wool. This class of wool can be
made to grade XX by carefully handling
and assorting the sheep. To grade XX the
wool should be bright and strong, and free
from cotted and dingy fleeces.
MEDIUM on NO. Two.

This olars of wool comes from a mixed
blood sheep, and is coarser than No. 1. The
sheep are large, bare-legged, and shear from
three to six pounds of wool. The latest quo-
tations for this class of wool are 35 to 38. A
mixture of merino blood with this class of
sheep would bring some of the wool up to
.\'o l, but the process would be tod lengthy.
There is always a good demand for these
sheep for feeding purposes, and an exchange
can more easily affected by sale and pur-
chase of more desirable stock. Upon the
judicious selection of individual animals of
the flock depends the value of the wool
clip. A few undesirable fleeces in the lot
will often reduce the price of the whole, so
that the clip will bring no more in the
aggregate than it would if the poorer fleeces
had been left out. Michigan wool is fast
approaching the front in value, and every
wool grower should feel a personal respon-
sibility in aiding to raise the quality of
our wool where it belongs——in the front
rank in the general markets.

Shrinkage of Unwashed Wool.

In another article We have referred to a
tabulated statement of the results of several
fleeces which were sent to a professional
scourer. \Ve find the table in C'oleman’s
Rural World, reported to it by the Secre-
tary of the Missouri Wool Growers’ Associ-
ation. It is interesting as showing the per-
centage of loss in the unwashed pound.
The fleeces sent were from several classes of
sheep. Two Cotswold ewes’ fleeces were
among the number. One of them sheared
sixteen pounds of unwashed wool, and
eleven pounds and three ounces of scoured
wool was obtained, a shrinkage of only 30
per cent, while the next one sheared twelve
pounds, with 63 pounds of scoured wool, a
shrinkage of -12 per cent. The fleece of the
first brought $4.83, and the other $2.97, an
average of $3.90. Twelve pure bred merino
fleeces are reported, six rams and six ewes.
The heaviest when shorn was 28% pounds,
and the lightest (a ewe’s fleece) 12,‘, pounds.
The clean wool obtained from the first was
7 lb. and 1-3.} oz, and from the last was 4 lb.
11;} oz. The money value of the first was
$5.75 and the last $3.45. The average
shrinkage for the lot of merino fleeces was
67 per cent. The average cash value per
fleece was $4.45. The average weight of the
twelve fleeces was 19} lbs, and the average
Weight of scoured wool was six pounds and
five ounces.

The value of an article is in the money it
will bring. and the readiness with which it
can be turned into money. ' This table
shows in which breed of sheep the value
lies, as each breed were types of the class.
Some grades of each were reported, which
we have omitted as not a fair showing for
either breed. Fashions at present are
changing, in favor of the merino type of
wool. Soft woolen fabrics are now the
style, and the lustre of the long wools is
laid aside. Fashion is a fickle jade, andwe
would not advise breeding with the expec-
tation of meeting any of the demands of
style, for in that case we might be called
upon to raise goats or camels, or possibly
rabbits. Manufacturers themselves cannot
tell what the demand may be six months
hence, and are compelled to practice the
“hand to mouth” plan, to avoid having
unseasonable and unsalable goods left on
their hands.

The Wheat Crop of Michigan.
DEPARTMENT or STATE,
LANSING, July 13, 1881.

The following table shows the acreage,
the total yield, and the average yield per
acre of wheat in Michigan in 1880 and the
number of acres in wheat at the time the
supervisors took the assessments last spring.
The statistics of 1036 townships are includ-
ed in this table, or 96 per cent. of all in the
State. Of 1,004 of these townships the sta-
tistics have been obtained from the returns
made to this department the present year by
the Supervisors. It is assumed that of the
32 townships that have made no returns,
the acreage harvested in 1880, and the num-
ber of acres in wheat in May, 1881, were
each equal to the number of acres in May,
1880, as returned last year, and the yield in
each township has been calculated upon this
acreage, and the average yield per acze in

the townships of the same county from
which reports have been received.

3 w H I-EAT.

STATE R.-\ISEll l.\' lsxn).
,_____, _»_ ____m_#, lens
Av. yield: in lay, ,
Bushels. per acre 138,
in bushels. ' 3‘

AND

COC.\"l'lES.  Ac,-,,5_“

State __________ -.,1,7c3,c45:

17.29 1,781,865

I
5:?
4

Alcona .---

1
- ‘~ux
C 5:1»-%E':n.'.
! ",.~.‘-i3~_*‘7-"
>—-s-->—->..«I-»—»—-A y—I>->—h—r>-r—->—)—r- »—-u—- o—- ...
»-:..>~;.:x.»a-»s.»—‘co;:.::-_>-';:::_~|_=Df-D_~l;*-Z:-‘ J0
3-' ‘ ' '  ' '- ‘chi: -A-‘¢‘.nl-CLO-l"'-6-b-""Il‘
"f'i“-:'~,:$‘-°~.f&.c“v‘-.'c‘=’-§'-‘-¢:v'—t!.~’-:<55499c?k:_ .

>..

Kalamazoo
Kalkaska
Kent ---
K9wecnaw_
Lake _ ____ _.
Lapeer ___-_
Lcelanaw ,_
Lenawee _»_-
Livingston
.\la(3ki1iac__

s

~—-
5°.":!5:‘*  
-*- -1 ~::.-I--.
3.3 on‘ i .4 35 --  l—.a-§..$,‘-1.? 3

Mnskegon ____ ._‘
Newaygo _____ -_r
Oakland _
0ceana.__
Ogemaw -_
Qntonagou
Osceola---

._..;,...._.».a»—-......
‘. .°'°"~"!~."'~.°".°°:“.°-:“?’~

4l0:1r.)3;

Washtena\v_____
Wayne ........ __
VVexford ______ --.

11»'.1:si
14.84-

The following townships are not repre-
sented in the table, no returns having been
received from any of them, and there being
no data in the office from which estimates
could be made: Torch Lake in Antrim
County; Baraga in Baraga; Detour and
Sault Ste. Marie in Chippewa; Baldwin, Es-
canaba, Ford River, Masonville, Sack Bay-,
and Winona in Delta; Calumet, Franklin.
Hancock, and Portage in Houghton ; Osco-
da in Iosco; Allouez and Eagle Harbor in
Keewénaw; Hendricks. Holmes, Moran,
Newton, and St. Ignace in Mackinac;
Stronack in Manistee; Chandler in Maui-
tou; Tilden in Marquette; Menominee,
Norway, and Stephenson in Menomi-
nee; Pine in Montcalm; Carp Lake in
Ontonagon; Denton, Higgins, and Nestor
in Roscommon ; Hiawatha, Manistique,
Munising. and Onota in Schoolcraft; and
Concord in \Vexford County.

In addition to the above the department
has received returns dated July 2, from 772
supervisors, giving estimates of the average
yield of wheat per acre in their respective
townships. The estimate in each case is
expressed in per cent. of the average yield
per acre in 1880. Of these returns 431 are
from the southern\four tiers of counties, thus
representing 85 per cent. of all the town-
ships in that section of the State where
nearly nine-tenths of the entire wheat crop
is grown.

The following is 9. summary of estimates:

The estimated average yield of wheat per

acre in 1881, expressed in per cent. of the
average yield per acre in 1880. is-

For

LA

25 per cent. or less.
30 per cent.
30 35 “

62 40 “
8 45
161 50
10 65
87 60
39 65
33 70
116 7-5
28 80
14 85
40 90
10 _ 95
31 100
.And for 53 townships over 100 per cent.

35 townships,
15 1‘

According to these estimates the average .
yield per acre for the whole State will be

but a trifle more than nine bushels, and the

aggregate product 16,200,000 bushels.

Very respectfully,
WM. J ENNEY,
o'er.-.~ eta/'_’y of State.


' ‘:‘z‘_~,-‘—.-, .»...«.

 

  

2

 

DO THE MEEK INHERIT THE EARTH?

The eagle plucks the raven.
And the raven plucks the jay,

To whose voracious craving
The cricket fails a prey.

The big fish dines at leisure
Upon the smaller fry,

And the minnow eats with pleasure
The poor, unconcious fly.

The miser skins his neighbor.
And the neighbor skins the poor ;
And the poor man, doomed to labor,
Spurns the beggar from his door.

And thus the world is preying,
The strong upon the weak,

Despite the precious saying:
The earth is for the meek.

 

dzummunitatinxm.

IN THE MOUNTAINS OF UTAH.

BY F. HODGMAN.

._..__

Hr. E'd¢'tor:——When a few months since I
had the great pleasure of enjoying the hos-
pitality of the good people of Schoolcraft

for another path to the ocean. This wild
land had to be pierced and pay its tribute on
the way,and our party was one of those sent
out to open up the way.

We left Chicago at noon, the 20th of Feb-
ruary, by way of the Chicago & Rock Island
road. It was clear and cold outside, and
warm and pleasant within, as we drew out
of the city and passed through the hand-
some suburban villages. Soon we left them
behind and struck out into the open, rolling
prairie. Here is a field of corn standing in
shocks unhusked, yonder is one with stalks
standing where they grew, and herds of cat-
tle wading through the snow and munching
the stalks. We passed a homestead that
looked as if it might have come from Prai-
rie Ronde. The house is large and old, and
needs a coat of paint, and the boards are
loose upon the barn. The cribs are stufl"ed
with corn, and so are the hogs which lie in
herds around. The fences are old and rot-
ten, and the holes in the hedges stopped
with sticks and boards. The cattle are sleek
and fat. Some well-to-do, slovenly old
farmer lives there, as we can see at a glance
as we fly past. He-is independent and does
not care how things look. We passed
plenty of more farmsteads just like it, and
except that, as a rule, the buildings are
not as good and there are fewer barns, one
might almost fancy himself passing through
the Southern part of Michigan.

Night found us crossing the Mississippi at
Rock Island of which we hardly caught a
glimpse in the gathering darkness. The
great bridge rattles and cracks as the wheels

roll slowly over. The washing of the
waters is heard below, and the lights peep
out one by one from amid the gathering
gloom. Daylight breaks upon us in west-
ern Iowa, and at 9 o'clock the train pulls up
at Council Bluffs, the end of the road. We

stretching across it,

spider threads in the sun.
; disappeared and the weather is warm.

rails shining like
The snow has
We

 

can search visiros.
l.,___x______,_hx_,___.,

and changed cars for Salt Lake City, which

we reached after a couple of hours ride in
the dark.

 

,go through the great depot building, get a
 lunch at one place and our checks changed at
1 another. Our baggage,which had come thus
, far checked without a question,is overhauled
and weighed. and every extra pound must

July 10, 1881.

 

The Army Worm.
Editor Grange Visitor.-——As I have re-

backs down to the

neighbors.
Just before noon the

be paid for, for we are now entering the do-
main of the Union Pacific.

Our train
depot and We step

aboard with our guns in our hands, as we
have brought them from Chicago. An em-
ploye meets us at the car door and tells us
we will not be permitted to take them in
the car with us but must hand them over to
the baggage smasher and pay him a dollar
to take care of them for us.
to put up with the imposition and try to get
even by damning a monopoly, which is an
imposition to the whole American people,
and giving everybody we can reach,who ex-
pect to travel on the Union Pacific railroad,
this advice: Don’t take a pound of baggage
you can do without, and keep your guns
out of sight, and don’t forget to tell your

We are obliged

ceived many inquiries about the army worm
which has invaded St. Joseph county, in
the region of White Pigeon and Constan-
tine in force, and also Kalamazoo county,
and as I expect to hear from other parts of
the State, I deem it best to send you a few
notes concerning this pest. The moth is
found here every year, but usually it is so
limited, probably because held in check by
parasitic enemies, that the larvae or worms
feed on the grass all unobserved. Occasion-
ally, near I think for two successive years,
it comes in multitudes, so that nearly every
green thing in its course is devoured.

Its food is principally the cereals, grass,
oats, corn, and wheat, though the latter is
usually too advanced to suffer much damage.
When it comes in such numbers, it eats the
grass clean from the meadows and pastures,
and then marches to the oat fields and corn

 

of human habitations except at the railroad
stations and here and there a little but
made of mud, or dry, rough stone covered
up with earth, but now we see occasionally
a herd of horses, ora great flock of sheep.
Great numbers of dead cattle have lined

have served faithfully through these years ;
you have heard it proclaimed from the ros-
trum time and time again ; and every time
it was repeated it filled your hearts with
pride, for you performed a part of the work.

From the time when the Grange was first

few peaks, apparently h

of the Rocky Mountain

orado miles and miles

and the valleys deepeni
By nightfall we have go
line. It seems like a

along and helps us out.

narrow valley with high

becomes a canyon, with

attributes for ornaments.

the road all the way from Omaha.

The snow which covered the valleys be-
low disappears as we come nearer the sum-
mit of the Rocky Mountains.
not seen any mountains yet, but just before
noon of Tuesday we catch a glimpse of a

the south.‘ They are the great peaks in
Colorado. We dine at Cheyenne, the smart-
est and most substantial appearing town
we have seen since leaving Omaha.
hour after we are at Sherman, the summit

we should not have known it, for the only
mountains we have seen were those in C01-

glide down the western slope.
in the road brings a new view of hills and
valleys, the hills growing into mountains,

the mountain tops are warm and dry, and
the flocks are out grazing upon them; in
the'valleys are cold and snow. A big drift
catches us and we wait an hour in the
silence of the night till another train comes

Morning again finds us; we are thunder-
ing down the western slope. threading a

which grow into mountains as we descend.
The stream becomes a torrent and the valley

mile tree, the pulpit rock, the devil's slide,
the devil's gate and various other devilish

VVe have

undreds of miles to

An

divide. If not told

away. Now we

Each curve

ng as we descend.
t down to the snow
strange anomoly:

hills on either side

the one thousand-

To those of us to

founded, Dec. 4th, 1867, to the present day,
speeches applauding the work of the Grange
have been made. You have heard how you
accomplished the reduction in the price of
machinery, how through your combined
work the price of plaster was reduced nearly
one-half; how through your honest labor
middlemen were compelled to seek in some
other field for employment; and above all,
how the great social reform among farmers
came about. You, yourselves, have seen
the awkward, ignorant farmer pass through
the various stages of this social development
and become sometimes a fluent speaker and
an influential man. All this you have seen
and heard in the past; but what will the
future of the Grange be? What should it
be ?

The Granges took in strong, middle-aged
men and women, the most of whom are
alive to-day. These vigorous well-to-do
brothers and sisters were filled with enthu-
siasm which with many has not died out
yet. But when these pass away, where will
the Grange be ? If the Grange is to go on,
the great question we must ask is: where
are the young men ? In the Granges you
visit you find some young men present;
but are they enthusiastic? Do they do any
of the active work ? Is the Grange doing its
best to educate them into the work ? I think
I can safely answer no. Does a nation wish
to perpetuate itself, it educates its young
men into its secrets, imbues them with
patriotism, and brings them to feel that the
country will be their own to maintain. In
orders and societies it is the same. In the
societies of a college the great strife is to get

perpetuate the Grange I believe the only
way isto secure the brightest young men
the country affords.

But perhaps there is no need of a future
for the Grange—perhaps the Grange has
accomplished its work and should die a
natural death. If this be true, then we need
exert ourselves no fifrther. But if you stop
to think, you will see that there will be need
ofa Grange in the future. If I understand
the principles on which the Grange was
founded, there will be a grand work for the
Grange to do so long as man exists.

Laying aside the great questions of rail-
roads, telegraphing, shipping, selling pro-
duce and purchasing goods, patents, agents,
interest, taxation and representation, laws,
and other like questions that must arise in
the future, and with which I am unable at
present tocontend——I say laying aside all
these questions, the future of the agricul-
tural class demands aGrange. Its educa-
tional influence will be needed. The
population of our country is every day
increasing by thousands; the soils of the
majority of farms are decreasing in fertility;
hence the necessity of bringing more trained

social home. Every true farmer has patriot-
ism for his calling and wishes his sons to
follow that calling—educate them and give
them a Grange that will continue their
education, and that will give them a social
place; sacrifice about four-fifths of your
business discussions that are dreaded by
your wives, your sons and daughters, and
give the young people a chance; work to
the best of your ability to get them to im-
prove the chance thus offered, and in your
old age you will spend many happy hours
in the Order, listening to your sons and
daughters as they carry on the glorious
work of the Grange—far happier than you
would be did you see them nearly starving
in some other calling.
A YOUNG GRANGER or MONTCALM
' GRANGE.

 

How Long we are to Live.

It is not every one who asks himself that
question, because strangely enough, it is the
belief of many persons that their lives will
be exceptionally lengthy. However,life in-
surance companies are aware of the credul—
ous weakness of those whose lives they as-
sure, and have therefore compiled numerous
tables of expectancy of life for their own
guidance. which are carefully referred to
before a policy is granted. The following is
one of those well authenticated tables in
use among London assurance companies,
showing the length of life at various ages.
In the first place we have the present age
of persons of average health, and the second
column we are enabled to peek, as it were,
behind the scenes of an assurance office. and
gather from their table the number of years
they will give us to live. This table has
been the result of careful calculation, and
seldom proves misleading. Of course, sud-
den and premature deaths, as well as lives
unusually extended, occasionally occur, but
this is a table of ave-rage'expectancy of life
of an ordinary man or woman: A person
1 year old may expect to live 39 years longer;
of ten years, 51; of 20 years, 41; 30 years,

likely to have more

AUGUS" 1, 1881.

nish data in regard to the wheat
would enable those most directly

not dueto a lack of expenditure of
money, for both have been lavishl

and the failure, if such it may be
due to the present imperfect mea
lecting reliable crop statistics.
marks apply with equal force t
where the grain is already secur

rity. So far, however, as cali beiu

dition of the crop has improved.
month since.
the prospect was considered excel]

close of May.
prehensive idea as to estimates of

 

_ _ increased
which if our reports are anywhere

in the

Oregon,

The Wheat crops of 1880 and 1881.

VVe had hoped that the present number of
the Farmers’ Review would be able to fur-

crop that
interested

to form at least approx-mate estimates as to
its extent. That we are unable to do so, is

labor and
y bestow-

ed in order to accomplish the desired result,

termed, is
us of col-
'l‘hese re-
0 sections
ed, as to

those where it isjust now approaching matu-

dged from

sifting reports received through various
sources, we see little reason for materially
changing the estimates made by the Review
some weeks since. In some sections the con-

while in

others the outlook is less favorable than a

The chintz bug and Hessian
fly have materially reduced the yield where

ent at the

In order to give a more com-

the differ-

ent sections, we have classified the States in
groups, and given the total probable yield of
each division, ascompared with reports of
the crops of 1880, as returned by the govern-

 

tra'n ull o t r n d d t d l b ' t l W fi (1 th‘ ment D‘t3‘pa“iiment of Agfril(lum"e' The
1 p 8 u , u - . . . . an e uca e a or in opay. e n is compara ive gures areas 0 ows:—
and assisting at the exercises of the Farm. ning slowly over the great iron bridge gilfiis’ Where It contmues its devastating to be the case in the old world, where, for New snoring onppsiv.

. - - ' - - - - ~ r0 0 so. or 2') x ,
em; msmute ,t was wlthout the least which here spans'the Missouri. Fifteen Usually ‘he larvae or Worms feed for about want of an educator like the Grange, the ,,,m‘_’,,epm. §'_’,§’mafe3,_
thought or expectation that in a very short minutes brings us into Omaha, a city set two or three weeks after the are first people can not produce a living and must M . auras. nusnans. BUSEELS.
time I should hbe thousands of miles upfzglac algng vigose s(ii<(ijes ghetdiity noticed when they dig mm theyearth and seek a home in America. Buthslliguld the); M:,';:c',;,‘,;,;,g,‘B ____________________ ‘_  4%';’;:g§g
away in the very eart of the least known We r rlc es own e mu y s ree s, or Chan ' live here in ignorance, theirc i ren mus New Hampshire ...... .. 204,528 204 434

_ . . . ge to the pupa state, preparatory to the . V t . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7-. ' 3  ’ -
Part of the United States. It has, however, the snow has gone off or lies in patches final change into the mom_ in future years move on to where they can C:I"'x:‘e‘;‘:icut __________ H ’4’§’:‘73:f3 —>;3g.;‘-‘)1(/)
so happened_ Saturday evenmg after the along the hillsides. VVe climb slowly out Three remedies are su ested to destm also find more room and a more fertile soil. _____, ____;_“_
Institute a telegram came from New York 0‘: t0Wn find 80 Winding 111110113 the W00ded these pests First di giigg 3 ditlch in mi I am certain that no earnest, working Gran. Total bushels ....... .. 1.167.035 l,2ll,8&3
asking me to take a position as engineer hills which are covered with a growth of line of their march og-plowing adeep ml; ger will ever say that he learlls nothing in New York‘ -MIDDLE ATI.A2~‘Tllgq8é1‘lA;‘§§. “M1 301
on the Denver & Rio Grande Railway, and 31118110111109!‘ 3110110 the Size Of 0111' second row _ as this is fi”e’d cover with straw and the Grange. On the contrary he will tell New ;e,.,,ey'__::'__'_:'_'_'_: 2:‘,73:97:, 2:2‘76:05,;
in two weeks more I was on the road west. growth trees at home. Pretty soon we de- bum’ Turning kemse e on them will also you that, as far as his calling is concerned, gglgliiyitvanla . - - - - - - - .- ‘ZS-’).‘;-’;§2?f2l.g1_1‘J_ 23,313,153
ward. ’ 509110 Into 8 Valley. treeless and su0w-cover- km them If not too numerous the ditch the education he gets in the Grange 13 0909’ Delawure-.'.-. .1',:ss9',oT0 ’l§i:00g
As I stepped upon the cars at Climax one ed, and all the day long we travel over what itself will Check their march. If We dig than any schooling he received when a boy. Maryland _ . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7,485,800 6,587,504
"fte1'n°°n in February the air was c°ld1 the selems H.’ us an endless desert.’ the valley of under on the side towards the field to be It may be claimed that We have better edu' Total bushels . . . . . . .   
ground covered by Snow_ and an the evi_ P atte river. True we sometimes see a lone protected’ the worms are less likely to crawl catlonal advantages now than then, that we COTTON STATES GBOUR ’
dences of severe winter weather to be seen house» 9- 8199-'5 Cflrnfielda 9- “me V1“9g9- 01‘ 3 from the ditch Second’ 8 close board fence hflVe 0111' 3311001101111 C0l1€geS—3nd 50 We North C8-r01i_Im.----.-.. 3,4_(78.08(_) .i,l_-34.595
. on every Side‘ A ten homds ride brought few l(.mes0n.]e “me cottouwoods’ but tihey one or two feet high will stop their march. have‘ But I believe that there Is no nemml l?li>i‘lalsti11ssi(pd£liiro.l.l].H1.'.’.'.'.'.'.-.'.'  303,003
me into Chicago, where the snow lay piled Only lntenslfy the dreary monotony. Night In this case’ if they are very numerous they ground in the mind; if We have no influemfe Georgia ...........  2,.ss2,’37o 2,5s2f37o
“P in heaps about the Streets! blockadmg Shuts out the. view‘ bl.” when ¥m.)m.mg can be killed by the use of kerosene. Third, to. Carry.” f°.’w“'d’ it goes back’ and this Tgiliiaeslgliase ................. H 0:§)(i£?’(($302(()) 8 
the W3)’: making U‘?-Veling uncomfortable comes to us 1.mIesz,md mlles away’ It 15 Just by dusting or sprinkling Paris green or stlmulatmg Influence for the farmer m“5t Arkansas......’. l'.lss7',l;00 115352364
and even dangerous. Here I met other _the_53me 9g31n- They tell 1110 that the land London purple on the edge of the field be found in the Grange. His newspapers Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3,901,590 5,013,545
members of my party and got mders to re‘ ls nCh' and I can easily beheve It‘ but I where the insects are about to enter, for a he can readflbut If he belongs to no Grange Total bushels ....... .. 271-i0.4Sl0 2‘? 226 976
P°1'“n 831'‘ Lake Cit)“ one day was Spent woultd nfgmalie 3' permanent h.0me on the few feet, we may hope to poison the insects he has no desire or energy _to try the eXpe“' cssrssr srxras onoup. I I
in making purchases of an outfit, of cloth- grea p alns if they would give me the and Save the remainder of the crop mental knowledge thus gained, that he may V_Vgst Virginia . . . . . . . . .. -_l,.t)3-i_1,l|«l0 4,234,437
ing: medicine» arms» and ammunitmnv for ;':.]0,l]'(.a c0‘tm?.y' . ‘file man who leavés The insects which I have received are be gmtlfied by teumg the results to his I(;l‘li1<;tl.l.cl{.y..':::.'.'.':.':.':.‘_‘  40:0£0(l)’g(8lg - -
we were destined for 3 new and unexplored lc igan 0 lve in Sllch. a country ‘as this covered with the eggs of parasites which brother Grangers; therefore the educa- M;,,1,;g,,,, _____________ __ ,,0_7,,,_000 ,6_045:,,__~,0 
country where the Ute and the Grizzly were leaves half of what life is worth living for. indicates the reason that We are not groubled tional influence of the Grange will be Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. _3i_é>':34l,090 25,687,133
supposed to have I-,,;1SW.ay_  stgp along the road for meals. The with this pest two seasons in Succession needed in the future, no matter how good Tomlbushels _______ __ ,,G_8,,8,050 
The U11i011 Pacific Rallway had Stretched rm roa company 0_Wns and runs the eating Hoping that this hastily prepared sketch the 3911001 advantages may be- MISSISSIPPI AND Mlssouai VALLEY onour.
across the country, and with its comple. houses. They furnish a good meal, plenty may be in timé to do good Again, the social influence of the Grange i[ll_inoi's.: .............. .. 53,Z§‘7,200 ‘25,58‘-2,g24
tion had opened uva belt ofcountry from °““I‘e ‘° 9””! 8”“ °¥‘“’’%” d°““'- . I am yours truly, will beneeded more in the future than to- 1.iif.‘i‘fT‘.::::;::::t :3: §3:駧:333 é§:i33:3%8
Omaha to San Francisco; the Northern Pa- ‘We 879 gradnnuy Cllnlblng the great 01‘ A. J_ CO0K_ day, simply because of the better educa- Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16,401,000 11,524,800
ciflc had stretched its lines from Duluth Vlde °”he"°1_1t1n0nty but 50 gradually ‘E130 Michigan Agric’l Coliege,} tional advantages. But few educated young g,‘;’,:‘r’::§;":::::::f _::::: i3’g0§'3(03 dggyiggig
westward, and the Missouri river, the Yel- W800 not 00006 It from the cars flhe LA1~'sxNG. July 14. 1881.I men court solitude. There is an enhghtem Kansas................. lyjssofooo 1917612500
lowstone, and the Columbia had been thor- 309”9’Y begms  changer the ground 19 3 [This article was received too late for the ing influence in an education 0185 makes _8 D“k°t“ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- "ft feP°1't9d- 12.000000
oughly explored; the Achison, Topeka & £1319 mom 101112?» End We :89 here and VISITOR of July 15, for which it was in- young man dread to take up the sober soll- Tom bushels _______ __ 212,482,200 ‘,E;Z)""—04,540
Santa Fe and Southern Pacific roads had _‘-‘Te 501119 503 0'9 1 Stunt‘: cedars and tended; but though too late to be of any tude ofafarm life, unless there is some place “R W,,,,,, AND ,,M,,,,,,, G,,oU,,_ l '
opened up the belt through New Mexico P1ne5- _ p,-actica1benefit in the way of protection where he can show his smartness. Men galifomin . - - . . . . . . . . . .. 45,360,000 38.608,000
and Arizona to the western ocean; but be- At Lodge Pole station two small boys this year, we give it place for the informa- who have passed through the active, social C(’)i’,)gr‘;’,‘,;)'.',;,;a'v'|1-(lia-’-x-,,;z-{iii}: 13-320-000 10,000,000
tween these roads in eastern Utah and 3PP9-rently °n])_’ ten and tWe1V9 Years tion it conveys about these lively little fe1— age of their lives are ready for the solitude Ter.and Mont Ter.. 18,005,000 6,000,000 '
western Colorado was aotract’of country as 0f 389» 379 fltandlng 9“ the Platform dressed lows that have done so much oat harvesting and quiet of a farm. and Seem to Wish It. Tom, busheb ;’6"g8"“5 O00 REE
largeasthe the State of Michigan, which 1n buckskln» W9“ W01‘n: Wlth 8101101180 in this part of the smte,_.Ep_] But the farmer's calling needs the active Grand t0m,s""""' ,86’494’2_t,_ 383'85_'16,
- - - home-made fur caps on their heads. t 01-]; in its b half and not """" " ’ ’ " ' '3’ "
was as terra mcogmta to the outside world. _ ' _ young men 0 w . e ,_ . V Decrease ___________ _ _ 102,599,“,
High mountain ranges, sandy deserts, and Eney 31'9§1'n1€(_1 With rifles. 11181015. and ,:,,,,,,e 0, me G,.a,,ge_ those who have retired from active life. In the government report mat year,
warlike Indians had kept the world at bay _n1_Ve5: flnnfhelr belts are SW01‘ 01" Of 0311' _ —— _ There will be more educated farmers’ boys Dakotah was classed with Colorado, Nevada
so far, but 3 new I-auroad system was ridges. A little further on a coyote scamp- The past glorious record of the Grange is in the future than there have been in the gpd mp Ten-itorieg, we have this year
Stretching out its arms in an directions to ers oil‘ across the plain‘as the train flies by established. It is fixed in your hearts who past, and the Grange must supply them 3 glven It S9P8-fate. but have estimated
“ gather in the spoils of trade,” and looking h1n1- W9 113V? 10118 Blnce Passed 311 Signs

the same yield as last year, without allow-
ing anything for an

acreage,
near cor-

rect, may safelv be stated at 25 per cent.,
although many well informe
estimate it at 30 to 50 per cent
proper to state that no estimates
above are in any case predicted

creased acrea
reported con
through various sources.
large increase in the acreage sown
ofthe new States, and throughout all the
Territories is .beyond question.
the older States
ley group also reported an
the area sown, but it is claimed
amount winter-
fully equal to t
seeded.

d authorities
. It is also

as given

on an in-
ge. but are wholly based on the
dition of the grain as received
That there was a

in man

Some of

Mississippi val-
increase in

that the

killed and plowed up was
he amount of the excess
In basing calculations as to the
supply for the next twelve months
safely add 50
on hand in e

we may

,000,000 bushels for old wheat
xcess of this time in 1880. Of
this amount, 24,000,000 bushels are
fornia,
Hence it will be

in Cali-

Washington Territory.
seen that calculating the
current year’s crop at 383,855,165
and allowing 50,000,000 for an excess of old
wheat carried over from the crop
there will still
000 bushels as
1880. At this

bushels,
of 1880,

be a deficiency of say 52,000,-
compared with the yield of
early date it is diflicult to
form anything like a correct
of the deficiency in the breads
porting
l'ul anal

estimate
tufl“ im-

countries of Europe; but a care-
ysis of the crop statements of
the United Kingdom and
Europe, justifies the conclusion t
will require nearly as much as for

year now drawing to a close. But we are
ased competition from
Russia, which, owing to a succession of
poor crops during the previous t
has scarcely cut a figure as a w
ing country. _

In conclusion we will say that, while the
above figures, when taken in co
with the prospective demand from abroad,
do not justify the opinions tha
twelve months are likely to witness very
low prices for bread, they do not justify the
extravagantly high rates predicted
of the self-styled commercial jour
would-be-statistici
cities.—Farmers’ Review.

Con tin en tal

hat they
the crop

hree seasons.
heat export-

nnection

t the next

by some
mils and

ans in this and other

  
  
   
 
  
 
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
 
   
    
    
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
   
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
   
   
   
  
 
 
   
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
   
   
 
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
   
    
   
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
   
  
   
 
 
  
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
   
   
  
  
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
   
   
 
  
   
  
  
  
    
 
  
   
    
   
  

   
   
    
  
  
 
  
 
   
  
  
  

 
  
 
  
     
      
    
     
  
     
       
 
      
       
       
      
      
  

34; 40 years, 28; 50 years, 21; of 60 years. 14;
have had the best of accommodations. The
cars have been most comfortable, the meals
in the dining room car all that the most fas- '
. tidious could wish, and the employee cour-
. teous and obliging. We are now to have a
change.

There is little to be seen at the station at

"j“""W“‘—"W"‘T”'_""
To KEEP MACHINERY FROM RUS'.l‘ING.—
Take one-half ounce of camphor, dissolve in
one pound of meltedfilard; take ofi‘ the scum
and mix in as much fine black-lead as will
give it an iron color. Clean the machinery
and smear with this mixture. After 24
hour rub clean with a soft linen cloth. It

 

whom such scenery as this was new. it
seemed sublime and awe-inspiring.We stood
out on the platforms and peeped through
the windows from side to side, calling each
other here and there, that nothing should es-
cape us. Since then I have been through
wild mountain passes, canyons. and valleys,

 
 

 
 

the best young men the entering freshman of 70 years, 9: of 80 years. 4- 0111' Tenders
class aflbrds, and the society that accom-  99-513’ Kfifigegfggngeihfifgbéfifi gbglfigg
pushes this safely’ predicts for “self 3 tlhaiaii-xlisves accordingtothe law of aver es,
glorious future. '

may reasonable be expected to exten .—
Throughout all nature we see the same

Harper's Bazar.
ingenious contrivances for the perpetuation

 
 

 
 
     
    
   
   
   
  

"‘

 

 

 
 

   

Council Bluflis; a little town a mile and
half away under the bare bluffs; a stretch

of level bottom land with railway tracks

that make the Echo and Weber canyons
seem tame and insipid by comparison.
At dusk, Wednesday, we reached Ogden

of the different species; and I firmly believe
that all moral-, good, useful societies which
have_a right to be founded and to exist, will

FASHIONABLE belle wants to know what
shade will be the most preferred this coming
Summer. Well. the shade ofa big elm tree
in the country, but at the sea-side the shade

_______._________
REPORTS of big wheat fields are

instinctively do the same. If you would

of a big umbrella.

0rd

01‘.

will keep clean ‘for months under ordinary
circumstances.——.2!{echam'cal News.

now in

  
 
  
 
  
    
  
   
 

 
  
 


AUGUST 1, 1881.

THE RAILROAD QUESTION.

BY HOMER H. STUART.

[The following able review of Mr. Edward
Atkinson’s article published in a late issue
of the Journal of the American Agricultur-
al Association, by Homer H. Stuart, Esq.,
ap old and highly resp cted member of the
Lew lork bar, will e found one of the
most valuable contributions to the literature
now being circulated on the railroad ques-
tion that has yet been published. It should
_be carefully read and widely circulated, for
it contains many points that are of vital in-
terest to the people.]

In the first number of
American Agricultural Association,” is an
article by Ed ward Atkinson, Esq., of Boston,
entitled “The Railroad and the Farmer.”

The main purpose of this essay seems to
be to show that the great prosperity of our
country, at the present time, is due to the
railroad. He claims that consolidation of
-these roads has promoted the public good,
and declares that government supervision
and control of the roads will be unjust to
the stockholders and detrimental to the
business of the roads. He attributes the
increase in public wealth since 1869 to two
causes, and terms them Free ‘Labor and
Free Railroads. The term Free Labor
defines itself. He does not explain what he
means by Free Railroads; it is a fair infer-
ence that he means roads free from all con-
trol. except such as they appoint for that
purpose.

He analyses and tabulates the business of
the roads,‘ to present in an obvious manner,
their business operations, and the changes
which are taking place in quantities carried
and charges for carrying.

Carriage between producer and consumer
is a part of the cost of the article. A reduc-
tion in this item of cost is a gain to the
producer or to the consumer, and perhaps
to both. His tables show that this reduction
since 1869 amounts’ to eleven hundred
millions of dollars. He passes this sum to
the credit of the roads, and says that they
have contributed so much to the public
wealth. He points to these figures as con-
clusive proof that the public have no cause
for complaint, and hardly a pretext for at-
tempting any supervision or management of
the vast and complicated business of these
roads.

Assuming as a fact that the roads have
reduced their charges to that extent, it does
not follow that this reduction of changes
has added an equivalent sum to the aggre-
gate national wealth. Reducing charges for
carrying things does not produce new
things, nor add to the former value of exist-
ing things. It may diminish the final cost
at the market where the sale and consump
tion takes place. If a given quantity is
carried at one time for a given suin—say
$l00, and precisely the same quantity is
carried the next year for $50, it would be
evident that the country had not gained $50
by the operation.

If in 1869 it cost the farmer 75 cents to
produce a bushel of wheat, and 50 cents to
get it to Europe, and it sold there at $1.50,
while in 1879 it cost the farmer the same
sum to produce his bushel, and only cost
him 23 cents to get it to Europe, where he
sold it at $1.25, he made no gain, and the
carrier made no gain. If anybody gained
that difference of 25 cents it was somebody
in Europe who purchased for $1 25 what he
bought before for $1.50.

If it be admitted that this reduction of
-eleven hundred millions of dollars in rail-
road charges caused by its direct efl“ect an
increase to that amount in the manufactur-
es and productions of the country, the
roads might claim to be one of the factors,
and to have assisted in causing this increase.
But they could not claim ‘to be the sole
cause. Various causes have co operated
during the past decade-—increase of popula-
tion and of the capital invested in produc-
tion—employment of constantly improving
labor-saving machinery—a growing inter-
State commerce—short crops in Europe.
Our.country has been prosperous, and the
roads have contributed to this prosperity.
But there have been other causes of much
greater efficiency. It is as absurd to give

the whole credit to the transportation com-
panies as it would be to deny them any
credit whatever.

If we should admit that the railroad re-
-duction in charges had added eleven hun-
dred millions of dollars to the national
wealth within the last ten years, it would
-not establish the proposition which Mr.
Atkinson seems to advocate. It would not
show that the roads are the private property
of the corporations, and that they have the
same property rights in the track and ap-
purtenances which the farmer has in his
farm, and the manufacturer in his factory
and goods.

HIGHVVAYS NOT PRIVATE PROPERTY.

Highways are a public necessity —.— one of
the first wants of society. A public high-
way, as its name expresses, is for public use.
-It is made for the people and belongs to the
people. N 0 one has any private property in
it, and every one has the same property in
it. Dives and Lazarus are equal there.
Every nation since the days of Noah'have
made their highways common property.
-One of the first works of the Romans, after
they had added a new province to their
Empire, was to make a costly and indes-
tructible highway, free to all. England
adopted this plan as a means of establishing
law and order in the upper part of Scotland.
‘The first common labor of the colonists in
-this country was road-making, and the road
was common property.

Roads. like the other contrivances for the
use of society, have had the benefit of va-
.rious changes and improvements. The dirt
road, the turnpike, the plank road, the tram
road, and the steam railroad, show the prog-
ress and development of our system of high-
ways. The purpose was the same, and the
means were changed to accomplish this pur-
.pose in some better manner.

DELEGATING A PUBLIC FUNCTION.

\Vhen the public found it burdensome to
build roads in certain places by common
labor, charters were granted to companies,
authorizing them to build the road, and have
tolls for the use of it. But in all these
charters the road was declared to be a public
highway, and the public reserved the right
of taking it and throwing it open to public
use. upon certain terms named in the char-
ters. Everyone might put his own vehicle
on these roads and use them as ublic high-
wa s, paying certain tolls fixed y law.

he outcome or child of the turnpike was
the railroad. It was the next step in the
system of highways. It_ was originated as

“The Journal of the

TEE ERANG

n   metres.

3

the tram road or horse railroad and grew
into the steam railroad. The first charters
were almost literal copies of the charters for
turnpike roads. They were declared to be
public highways, built for public use, and
the companies -were authorized to collect
certain tolls as their compensation for fur-
nishing the service. In some cases it was
provided in- express terms that the public
might use their own rolling stock on such
road, paying certain tolls for such use. It
was also declared in these charters that the
public reserved the right of taking these
roads from the corporations, upon certain
terms specified in the charters. The public
and the corporations, by granting and ac-
cepting these special charters, agreed that
these roads were public highways, built for
public use, and that the corporation held
the property in trust and subject to a sur-
render of it, when the actual outlay and 10
per cent. interest per an num were repaid to
it. Laws were made from time to time,
recognizing this trust as an existing duty,
and requiring the Legislature to see that the
charges by these roads were regulated and
when necessary reduced, so that the annual
income should not exceed 10 per cent. upon
the actual money furnished by the corpora-
tion to build and operate the roe d. It is to
be noticed that this 10 per cent. is not upon
the capital stock or capitalized property,
but upon the funds furnished by the stock-
holders, their advances or contributions,
and not a contribution of the profits earned
by the road.

The railroad has superseded the former
kinds of highways, and is the principal
highway of our country. It is indispensa-
ble. VVe have nearly 100,000 miles of these
highways, and are adding some 10,000 miles
to these lines at the present time. As the
population expands and business increases,
these highways will become more and more
indispensable.

The railway is the modern highway.
Shall it be a public highway? Who shall
own it‘? Whoshall manage it?

These are the questions which Mr. Atkin-
son discusses, and he claims that the public
have no more rights or governmental power
over this railroad property than over the
private property of any farmer or other bus-
iness man in the country—that the railroads
own their property as absolutely as the
farmer owns his farm or the merchant his
goods.

THE DIFFERENCE.

The farmer is not a corporation, and did
not talds his farm by force of a franchise
which gave him power to compel its former
owner to sell it at an appraisemen t. He did
not take his farm under proclamation and
promise that he took it for public use, and
could therefore invoke the power of the
public to compel the owner to yield posses
sion. He took his farm from a voluntary
seller, and paid the price required, and he
took it exclusively for his own use. He had
no franchise giving him a monopoly in rais-
ing his wheat, and he entered into no cove-
nant in regard to how he should raise his
wheat, or what he should do with it. He
owns his farm, and can cultivate it or let it
remain unused. So of the manufacturer,
merchant or banker. They do not hold their
property under a restriction that it is held
for public use, and they are not compelled to
let the public use it.

A railroad corporation is a legal person,
having no natural existence, and no attri-
butes or powers except those specified in
the act of the Legislature creating it. The
stockholders are not the corporation. The
charter is a license to do certain things, sub-
ject to certain conditions. The stockholders
are not compelled to accept a charter, and
if they distrust or dislike the conditions
they need not make an investment. In
several of the first charters, one of the con-
ditions was that the public might take the
road away from the corporation by paying
it the money actually expended by the cor-
poration, with ‘interest thereon at 10 per
cent. a year. In all of these charters there
was the condition that the Legislature could
repeal the charter. In all of them was the
declaration that the corporation should take
and hold its property for public use, for un-
less it took ‘for public use it could not com-
pel a transfer of the land required by the
right of eminent domain. No man will
pretend to say that the farmer, or other nat-
ural person, holds his property in this man-
ner, and subject to similar conditions.

A CHARTER SIMPLY A LICENSE.

The only title of a railroad corporation to
its roperty is the act of its incorporation,
an this act makes a reservation in express
terms of the right to repeal the act. It is a
license to do certain things on certain con-
ditions during the will and pleasure of the
Legislature. In case the public decides to
revoke this license, it will make the com-
pensation specified in the license. If the
license be called a contract, that complies
witih all that the contract requires the public
to o.

A railroad franchise is a valuable property
——often of great value—and it costs the cor-
Boration nothing. It is a gift by the public;

ut in making this gift, the public rovides
a mode of ultimately having some egree of
compensation, and limits the gift in such
manner as to secure this compensation. If
the increase of population and business shall
bring the corporation an income exceeding
10 per cent. upon its investment, the excess
wastogo indirectly to the ublic by such
reduction of charges as wou d keep the in-
come down to 10 per cent. The public do
not grant to the railroads the exclusive
ownership of an unlimited increase of bus-
iness and a corresponding increase of the
profits of the road, but claim, as the share
of the public, that charges shall fall as busi-
ness rises, and that the corporation shall be
content with a 10 per cent. income upon
their actual investment. The whole busi-
ness of the country is not nit-claimed to
the corporation. The peop e are to have
some share of the gains. ‘

INCREASE OF BUSINESS.-— DECREASE IN
CHARGES.

Mr. Atkinson has repared tables of fig-
ures tc show that un er the management of
the railroads there has been a large increase
in the number of tons carried, and a de-
crease in charges. He selected for his espec-
ial use the statistics of the Hudson River
& New York Central Railroad, and gives
the business of this road for the decade end-
ing in 1879.

From 1869 to 1879, the tons carried in-
creased from 589,362,849 to 2,295,827,387, or
289 33st cent., and the charges decreased from
$9. to $0.79, or 67 per cent. Yet, even with
this decrease of charges, the net earnings
were increased 30 per cent. His own tables

show that this corporation, instead of de-

creasing their charges, so as to keep the in-
come within the limits of their charter, had
an income largely exceeding the amount
agreed upon between the public and the
corporation.

This corporation has been very restive
under this restraint, and unwilling to com-
ply with the law by reducing its charges.
Commodore Vanderbilt, with his accustom-
ed boldness, cut the knot which he could
not untie. He watered the stock. It was
only temporary relief, for the watered stock
sells for over 50 per cent. premium, and
must be watered again. In short, under no
circumstances will this corporation share
its profits with the public—-iii other words,
pay the agreed price for this great franchi-e.
The $100,000,000 or $200.000,000 which this
family has acquired is largely made up of
profits which were gained by a use and mis-
use of this franchise, and which are as
justly the property of the public as if they
had been taken into the State Treasury.

The deluge of watered stock and the cloud
of bonds forming the bloated body at which
this road is capitalized, and which it calls
its property, and upon which it exacts from
the public its vast income. is notoriously
more than double the cost of the road.

By capitalizing its profits it has really cap-
italized its franchise. The franch-ise repre-
sents no investment, for it was a free gift to
the corporation. The value of this franchise
can be measured by the profits which it
brings to the corporation. This value will
continue to increase, and will be appropri-
ated by the corporation, if it can issue new
stock fast enough to absorb the excessive
profits.

A PARTNERSHIP.

The franchise is the capital stock which
the public invested in this enterprise. In
making the investment the public stipulat-
ed for a certain income on its capital stock-—
namely, all the income over 10 per cent. up-
on the money actually furnished by the
corporation. If A and B form apartner-
ship, and A puts in a valuable patent right
and B the cash capital, and they agree that
B shall have a certain part of the profit,
and A all the remainder, the courts compel
B to fulfill his contract and be content with
his share.

If this railroad franchise is a case of part-
nership between the public and this corpor-
ation, who shall enforce the agreement? If
the public is not the sovereign over this
corporation, then the creature is greater
than its creator.

ECONOMY IN CONSOLIDATION.

Mr. Atkinson attributes the reduction of
railroad charges to the consolidation of the
lines, and gives very substantial reasons for
this opinion. We agree with him fully in
that matter; and provided a control is exer-
cised by Government we can see no reason
why, if the whole system of carriage was
brought under the control and management
of a single direction, the public would not be
gainers. In forming some of the existing
consolidations of separate railroads, lines
have been formed of several thousand miles
in length, and men are found as capable to
manage these lines as they were to manage
the short sections out of which this new
line was made. This argument in favor of
consolidation is Mr. Atkinson's argument,
and is shortly this: better service at less ex-
pense.

The proper head of a system of national
roads is the Nation, acting in that matter as
it does in all governmental matters, by
heads of departments. The railroads can
find suitable men to manage the most ex-
tensive lines and the most complicated
business relations. The nation can take its
choice of men. The public has found no
difficulty in managing the Postotfice Depart-
ment with its forty-four thousand post-
offices. In a recent report by the Postofiice
Department, the number of letters, cards,
and packages carried during the past year
is stated to be the enormous sum of 2,720,-
234,252. It carries and delivers the cor-
respondence of fifty millions of people to
every place in a territory larger than
Europe. The public has found no difiiculty
in managing all the affairs of the public,
including at one time the conduct of vast
armies.

The purport of Mr. Atkinson's argument,
that the railroads should be managed by
men selected by the roads, is largely made
up of assumptions that if the Government
should undertake to manage the roads, it
might, with equal reason, manage a bake-
shop, or a farm, or cotton factory. The
fallacy of this reasoning is, that he loses
sight of the great fact that the railroads are
for public use, and their real estate was
taken by them under the law of eminent
domain, on the assumption that it was re-
quired for public use. They are not the
private and absolute property of the corpora-
tion, which it can use, or let remain unused,
at its pleasure. The same argument can be
made to show that the Government could
not have a gun factory or an engraving
bureau, or a printing office. The Govern-
ment claims the right of doing for the
people such business as the people see fit to
have the Government do.
ment of the people by the people, and what
corporations can do for themselves the peo-
ple can do for the people.

PUBLIC CONSIDERATIONS.

The question of the railroads is not a
mere question of finance, or of the law of
contracts; it belongs to the domain of states-
manship.

These corporations claim to own our high-
ways, and that they can hold them in spite
of anything which the people can lawfully
do. If England made such claims war
would ensue. Whoever owns the highways
of a country is master of that country, and
has it by the throat. If these corporations
own the highways, there is little left in the
country worth owning.

The roads have acquired many millions of
acres of land, and are land-holders. They
own tracts of land equal in area to some of
the great empires in Europe. For a lar e
portion of these lands the roads gave not -
ing, others they compelled the owners to
sell at an appraisement. It is the theory of
these corporations that the stockholders
own the property which belongs to the cor-
poration. In many cases the stockholders
put no money into the corporation. Bonds
and land grants built the roads, and the
owners of the charter or franchise divided
among themselves _the stock as their priva'e
propertiy, paying nothing for it. We heard
someth ng of this matter in the Credit
Mobllier disclosures. This stock, costing
nothing, is put up for sale and if some per-
son like Jay Gould buys it for one-fifth of
its face, he claims to own the whole propor-

ty, and to have the same rights over it

It is a govern- ‘

which the farmer has over his farm. He
claims to own one of the national highways,
built on grants of national property and
national credit, and to the building of
which the stockholder never contributed
one cent of his own money. The English
complain of the unequal distribution of their

'lands as a great national evil, causing pau-

perism and threatening revolution. But no
landholder there holds such vast domains
as our Government has ceded to the rail-
roads.

It has been deemed wise in this country
to prohibit non-resident foreigners from be-
coming land owners here. The stocks of
the roads are to some extent owned by non-
resident stock-holders. If the corporation
owns the land and the stock-holders own
the corporation, can any railroad lawyer
explain how it is that stockholders do not
own the land‘? He may tell us that the
corporation and the stockholders are not the
same persons, but cannot say that the prop-
erty of the corporation does not belong to
the stockholders, unless he is prepared to
admit that it belongs to the public, or
belongs to nobody.

These stockholders claim that they own
all the land and other property of the cor-
poration as absolutely as the farmer owns
his farm. Part of this property consists of
highways, which were built by gifts of
national property and credit, and were in-
tended to be national highways. Can a
legislative body give away the sovereignty
of the people over public highways? What
is the effect of our laws forbidding foreign-
ers to be landholders if a corporation can be
a landholder while its stockholders are for-
eigners? Is it to the interests of the stock-
holders to manage the roads for the public
benefit or benefit of the corporation ? VVhat
is the use of our laws prohibiting the eu-
tailment of lands if a corporation whose
body never dies can be owner? What is
the use of our laws against primogeniture,
if the owner of a railroad can keep the
highway in his family without division,
and thus hold on to it after his death?
When the state of New.York obtained the
right of making its own laws it abolished
those English laws. Finally, who shall
govern this country 2‘ To whom does this
country belong?

\\'I-LAT (‘AN BE i)oi\*i«:‘.’

The first step to be ‘taken in order to
regain the sovereignty of the public over
these highways is through the ballot box.
Send to the Legislature men who represent
the people. Send no more railroad attor-
ne-ys. Exclude from the bench of courts
men who have sold themselves to the cor-
porations, and who are placed on the bench
by the corporations to declare, as the law of
this country. that if a Legislature can be
made to pass a law which renders a corpor-
ation independent of all future Legislatures,
there is no remedy for this wrong. What
kind of “vested rights” are stronger, the
vested rights of the people in their sover-
eignty, or the vested rights of corporations?

MONOPOLIES AND CORRUPTION.

The danger of our times is Monopoly. It
is a conspiracy ofithe riftliagainst the téoor.
Corporations an wea y men com ine
their capital, or, as they term it, “pool
their money,” and get hold of something
which is a great common want——it ma be
railroads, or_ t_elegraphs, or food, or co_a , o_r
petroleum—-it is no matter what the thing is
if it is something which must be had by the

ublic. The combination spends its money
avishly to ruin all competitors, and then,
as a monopoly, scourge the public, and levy
taxes upon the wants of mankind, which
no government in Europe would dare to

ropose.
p Let the people taléeflili lesson from‘ tllilese
men. The secret o eir success in t eir
conspiracy against the masses is combina-
tion. They know precisely what they wish
to accomplish, and they act as a_unit. They
concentrate their efforts to obtain control of
legislative bodies and of courts.

They purchase in various ways prominent
men suitable for their use. Some are sold
at the low price of a free pass, others cost
more. The transaction puts on the thin
disguise of being “ counsel fees,”_or money
for “election purposes,” or “discrimina-
tions,” “ rebates,” etc., etc. When the
man has been bought he is not required to
put on the regulation dress or wear a badge,
but he goes to the polls as a straight Repub-
lican or Democrat, and canvasses for votes
to represent the people.

In a legislative body, or on the bench,
this man belongs to is master, and goes
there as his secret agent._ He was pur-
chased to protect and fortify the corpora-
tions, and make them independeiht of fihg

pie. He is usually a man 0 mar e
£Ie).ilit_V, for the corporations buy those who
can serve them best. The Legislatures and
the Courts are the citadels of our Govern-
ment. If the corporations have garrisoned
these forts the people can change the gar-
rison, and if they fail to do it they are
unfit for self-government.

PACKED JURIES AND PACKED LEGISLA-
TURES.

In settling a controversy in the courts
between two private persons, no juryman
is permitted to act if he has any personal
interest in the matter. If he receives anv
reward from either party, the verdict is set
aside as absolutely void, and he is sent to
the Penitentiary. If it is wrong to pack a
jury, and bribe a jury, is it not a greater
wrong to pack a Legislature and suffer
corporations to procure special privileges
through the agency of their hirellngs, act-
ing as law makers? If it is a crime to cor-
rupt the administration of our laws, what
shall we say to the pollution of the source
and fountain head of our laws?

If the people will combine to protect
themselves, nothing is more certain than
the result——no batteries are needed, no

‘weapons, no violence: nothing but a thin

slip of paper—the ballot box will do the
work. ‘

The National Anti-Monopoly League af-
fords a means to this end, and will give
body and form and triumphant effect to this
combination of the people.

Ri-:v. DEWITT TALMAGE says: "I tell
you the over-shadowing curse of the United
States to day is monopoly. It puts its
hand on every bushel of wheat, upon every
sack of salt, upon every ton of coal, and
every man, woman, and child in the
United States feels the touch of that money-
ed despotism.” '

THE house-fly can only see a distance_of
thirty-eight feet, but that never bothers him
 He always manages to keep within
th rty-seven feet of everything.

Michigan Female Seminary. Kalamazoo, Michigan.

Modeled after the Mt. Holyoke Semina ,
Massachusetts. Board and tuition, inclu -
ing lights, fuel and furnished room, $175 for
the school year; a reasonable charge for in-
struction in French, German. drawing and
painting. Fall Term begins Sept. 8. 1831-

The Seminary is free from debt, With
a proper number of well qualified in-
structors. Location healthy, grounds ex-
tensive and elevated, in full view of the
village of Kalamazoo. For catalogues giv-
ing full information as to course of studies
&c, address Miss COR\'l-ILIA EDDY, Princ-
ipal; or E O. I:IU.\Il’HRl~ZY, ’I‘re:_1sul‘8l'.
Kalamazoo, Mich. 1-5Jll13t

F. A. NOR'l‘H’S FEED RACKS.

My invention, patented May 10, 1381. 1'9’
lates to a rack of peculiar construction de-
signed for the purpose of‘ feeding sheep and
other animals, the structure being de-
signed with special reference to an equal
distribution of the feed, to th'e protection of
the attendant from the animals, and to ‘the
points of cheapness, durability, and facility
of operation. It will be noticed that the
rack constructed affords feed openings on
both sides, that the two independent
troughs prevent the animals on one side
from obtaining the food from those on the
other, and that by means of the central in-
ternal board the attendant can pass ‘freely
back and forth through the interior without
stepping in the trough or having any in-
terference with the animals outside, also
the strips or slats serve as a means of sepa-
rating the animals so that each may obtain
proper proportion of the food. On each
side of the Rack I suspend by swinging
linksaboardin such a manner that the
board may be raised or lowered across the
outside of the feed openings to prevent the
animals from having access thereto, or ele-
vated above the openings so as to leave
them exposed. And standing at one end
you can elevate this board by one move of
as many racks in aline,and divide yourflocks
as you wish and do away with the old prac-
tice of shifting from one yard to another.
There are guards to throw the feed inwar_d.to
prevent the hayseed and other impurities
from entering the fleece of the animals. It
is used with equal advantage for mush feeds,
grains of all kinds. and for hay. If there
is hay in the rack it does not prevent your
feeding grain in them. You can use the
lumber in your old racks. They can be
made of any length of lumber.

For further information, address :

F. A. .\'oR'rH, Inventor,
lonia, Ionia 00., Mich.

P. 0. Box .355. 1jul6m

BEICEIGAX CEI.V'TR£LL Ev- K
I)EPARTU}{E OF TH.A-E\::.FI-COM KALAMAZ00.
’l‘l.Vi1t)—'l‘Al3l.i-}:—l:i.\Y 9, izsso. -
WESTW JX RD.

Accommodation leaves, _____________________ _-,
“ arrives, _

Local Passenger
Evening Express, ________________________ _-
Pacific Express, ___________________________ ._
Mail

Day Express _________________________________ -_  
EASTW A RD.

Night Express, ______________________________ --
Accommodation leaves, ........... -_
H

Mail

Day Express, ................... -_
New York Express, _____________ __
Atlantic Express, _______ __

New York, Atlantic and Pacific Expresses and Local Passen-
ger daily. All other trains daily except Sunday.
H. B. Lsnrnm, Gen Manager, Detroit.
1:}. C. BROWN, Ass't Gen. Supt., Jackson.
HENRY C. WENTWORTH, G. P. I: T. A., Chicago.

L. S. 85 Ad-

Kananazoo DIVISION Turn TABLE.

(Time 15 minutes faster than Kalamazoo.)

GOING SOUTH.
,N Y & on Y
;Express.[Ex &
Le. Grand Rapids ............... -4; 8 00 AM: 4 50 Pl
Ar.Allegan ____________________ .. 9 17 “  605
At. Kalamazoo _________________ -_ 1015 “ 1 705
-- 1050 " 3 7 43
1118 " ,- 812
11 45 “ 1 8 40
5 35 Pll 2 45 an --..--._
Ar. Cleveland _ 10 10 “ I 705 “ _____
Ar. Bufi’alo- ..................... -- 3 55 All 1 10 ru

85
M .

GOING NORTH.
"V ’l*i"Y“Tc‘IiW*Y im~"‘—
_V__il-Ix & MlExprssE.iW“’ Pr‘

Le. Bufialo _-__ ‘
Ar. Cleveland _

Ar. Toledo--__-

Ar. White Pigeon---
Ar. Three Rivers -

liz 4.5 mi is 35;»;

Ar. Schoolcraft
Ar. Kalamazoo
Ar. Allegan -_-
Grand Rapids.

8 I0 “
All trains connect at White Pigeon with trains on main lino.
A. G. Anson,
Supt. Kalamazoo Division, Kalanmzoo.

CHICAGO & GBA BUNK RAILWAY.

Corrected Time-Table—May 15, 1881.

WESTWARD. .

““na‘ssh;’_
Express. i Express.
No.2. I No. 4.

 &.':‘;::.;_ V A  - 715 AMiTT5.fi
725 ll 1 30 u

1
l
i
l

Vicksburg __--
Schoolcraft -

w-l0Iyt-WM!-Int-3
sassasas

pee
lmlay City---
G. '1‘. Junction

All trains run by
Sunday.
Ono. B. Pncx,
Tunic Manager.
For information on to

Chicixo time. All trains daily except
& B. Oaunux.

rota, 1 to I. P. I , loos
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General Bnporintaidnng,


4

SEE _G£AN@E 'VESE'EOBg

AUGUST 1, 1881.

me Sizing» itisiimc;

AUGUST 1.

“"‘i"l*

SCHOOLCRAFT,

SCHOOLCRAFT.

OUR WANDERINGS, N0. 2.

By reference to the VISITOR of July 15,
we find that, so far as our readers are ad-
vised, we are still a mile and a quarter
above our ordinary working level.

The attractions of the summit of Mt.
Washington, with its Tip Top House, its
printing oflice, its observatory, its railroad,
and rocky surroundings, here, there and ev-
erywhere about us; its grand panorama of
mountain peaks, dark gorges, distant valleys
with hamlets faintly outlined, and the
Glenn House away down among the hills;
and in the long outstretched dim distance
the mountain ranges of other States-all
these were “done”—though perhaps not well
done-in a brief hour. and after looking
about among the rocks, where hundreds of
people had vainly looked before, for some
stone of rare beauty to carry away as a re-
minder of the place, we joined our company
for the return ride down the mountain.

Before leaving the summit, we did not
forget to make note of the evidence that
rough weather sometimes visits this place.
The Tip Top House was securely anchored
on each side by several heavy iron rods, and
all the other buildings on the summit had
been induced to stay at that high altitude by
the quiet persuasive strength of heavy cable
chains that had been thrown over the ridge
and secured at the ends in the ‘solid rock.

Our party having signified their readiness
to return, the driver made ready, and with
his foot on the brake and careful attention
to his business, we were let down to -the
Glenn House in about half the time required
to ascend to the summit.

The route is a rugged, devious one, and all
the upper portion above the timber range

.presents to the tourist those objects of inter-

est that belong to mountain scenery. Some
had been apprehensive as to the safety of
the trip up and down the mountain, and

" those apprehensions were kept alive by the

accident of last year, which resulted in the
death of one person from our State and
the injury of some others. As to the dan-
ger, we say most unreservedly that if the
ordinary conditions which secure safety are
observed, then the danger is reduced to the
minimum point that attends ordinary trav-
el. A drunken driver makes it unsafe for
passengers on level highways as well as on
mountain roads, and we never felt more se-
cure than when ascending and descending
Mt.Washington in a stage wagon on the -5th
of July.

We were reminded of a California stage
ride of 26 miles to the Geysers, on the Coast
range of mountains of that State, on our
return trip in the spring of 1880. That was
a wild ride that we shall never forget, and
for real hazard to life and limb, so far as the
road is concerned, it exceeded the Mt.Wash-
ington ride a thousand fold. Some of our
readers will remember that we gave them
some California letters when away in the
spring of 1880. VVe had material for as many
more, but soon after our return we got
switched off‘ onto another track, and had no
chance to get back until after election, and
then we thought it rather late.

But to return : VVe had a safe and pleas-
ant trip, with favorable weather, good com-
pany, good accommodations, good teams
and careful drivers.

The Glenn House is a good place for those
who have plenty of money and are disposed
to use it in good living, and want to pay for
some style. The proprietor is also the owner
of the stage line doing the business between
the Glenn House, Gorham, the summit and
other points, and keeps 130 horses and am-
ple equipments for the required service.
The whole business is systematically man-

’ aged, and everything kept in best condition.

And yet, for prompt, active management,
we have seen plenty of men that, with ev-

-ery thing at hand all complete, could have

got a half-dozen coaches loaded and started
off in half the time he did. We ascribe his
success to the fact that he has a clear field,
without competition, and is probably so
good a judge of men that he employs com-
petent subordinates in the several depart-
ments of his business. Mr. Milliken him-
self is not the active, attentive, genial gen-
tleman that makes “mine host” remem-
bered by his guests with a real, friendly
satisfaction. Only one of our party, so far
as I know, determined to remain indefinite-
ly. Rice A. Beal, of Ann Arbor, was so well
pleased with the situation that he said he
should rusticate among the mountains, out
of the reach of all business and the wear and
tear of a busy life, until he made up his
mind that he had rather be at some other
place than at the Glenn House.

One feature of the dining-room we must
not overlook. The table waiters are all col-
lege students, who come here to replenish
their purse by a few months of this service.
Some of them have been here for four suc-
cessive seasons, and as one of them told me,

every college in New England was repre-
sented on that floor. Neglecting to make a
note of it at the time I am not sure as to
the number employed, but it was some-
where between 25 and 40.

On the morning of the 6th we again took
stage for Gorham, and without seeing a
vestage of the patriots of the place who had
amused us so cheaply two days before, after
a short delay we took the regular train
which was to complete our trip from “De-
troit to the Sea.”

Arriving at Portland about noon we re-
paired to the U. S. Hotel and sat down to
the poorest meal that was offered us while
we were gone. ‘We do not assume that the
manager, Mr. Brearley, was in any way to
blame for getting on his “Hotel Circular”
this hotel, for no man can look after so
many things and make no mistakes. All
other houses on his list that we patronized
gave entire satisfaction.

It did not take us long to do Portland.
Three hours on a line of steamers that make
regular runs to different island points in the
bay and taking a stroll over island and beach
was enough, and we took a train for Old
Orchard Beach, a dozen miles down the
coast, on the Boston and Maine R. R. to-
ward Boston. There at the Lawrence
House we found some two dozen of our ex-
cursion party that had preceded us. Some
had not gone to the White Mountains at all,
and some had made no stop at Portland.
All were satisfied not only with the house
but with their surroundings at the Beach.
Like many other hotels at Old Orchard, the
front of the Lawrence is almost washed by
the surf of each succeeding wave when the
tide is in. And from its porch, resting in
an easy chair, one could lazily watch the
restless roll of waters, monotonous as it
might seem, with little desire for change.

On looking over the bill of fare of our first
meal at the Lawrence, we discovered clam
chowder and were reminded of a promise
made to a friend just before leaving home
that we would try clam chowder when we
reached New England, and we did and called
for more.

Of the various sources of amusement that
pleasure seekers find at the Beach we es-
chewed the fishing and boating, but not the
bathing, taking our first and perhaps our
last bath in the sea, the first morning of our
stay at the Lawrence.

We had not since leaving home found any
Patrons among all the strangers we had met,
and we had a dim recollection that this was
one of the places where Bro. Woodman had
attended a big meeting in his New England
tour last season. So we started out on a
voyage of inquiry and discovery, and in
half an hour were comfortably located in the
sitting room of the Central Park House,
Bro. S. M. Blake, proprietor. We found
him an intelligent, working Patron, full of
faith, zeal and determination. He repre-
sented the two Granges in the immediate
vicinity as in a healthy condition and as
having some very earnest members, thor-
oughly imbued with the principles of the
Order. The work done by Bro. W'oodman
for them, he said, was highly appreciated
and did them agreat deal of good. After
dinner Bro. Blake gave us a drive on the
beach and something of a view of the town,
and we returned to our hotel well pleased
with ourfirst personal acquaintance with a
New England Patron. From Bro. Blake
we learned that Old Orchard has the most
extensive beach anywhere on the Atlantic
coast, there being an unbroken stretch of
nine miles where the clear white sand, ex-
tending outward to gradually deepening
water, is washed by the ever recurring
tides. No finer, safer spot for sea bathing
could be desired.

Within a few years, or since the Metho-
dists of that part of the State located a camp
ground here, became an incorporated body
and laid out a village of their own, the little
village of Old Orchard has taken on a rapid
growth. Large hotels have been built, and
at no point on our travels have we seen any-
thing like so great activity in the way of
building improvements. Its reputation as a
desirable summer resort is established.

We remained at Old Orchard nearly two
days, and during the time made a second
visit to the hospitable home of Bro. Blake.
Having put his farm, which lies some six
miles away, under the management of an
enterprising grandson, he has joined in the
general business of providing for summer
sojourners at Old Orchard, and we bespeak
for him the patronage of Patrons and
others who may seek that delightful resort
to recuperate their energies, or enjoy a few
days or weeks of rest and pleasure. We
hope to have so interested Bro. Blake in the
VISITOR that we shall get a good list of sub-
scribers from among the Patrons of this
part of Maine. .

That State has a most excellent Grange
and agricultural paper, but we are not ap-
prehensive that Patrons will read too many
of the papers devoted to the interests of the
agricultural class. Something new and
valuable can be gathered from each and
every one.

‘We left Old Orchard on the morning of
the 8th. The farmers along the line of the
railway, where there was any farming, had
commenced haying, which in most instan-
ces included a large per cent of white daises
in the crop. This part of the crop seems to
have become so well established that the
farmers have little fear of barren meadows.

Itis claimed that if the daisy is cut early,
before it becomes woody, cows eat it very
well. Dairy stock seemed to be about all
farm stock kept, and grass and daisies ap-
peaijed to be the main farm crop. At a late
dinner hour we reached Boston and reg-
istered at the Parker House. After dinner
we looked up the wool house of Fenno &
Manning, 117 Federal street. This place
and firm are of special interest to many
Michigan farmers this year, as with this
firm the wool committee appointed by the
State Grange made arrangements to handle
wool for the Patrons of the State. VVe found
Federal street in the heart of the city, and
here are centered the commission houses
that handle the larger part of the wool used
in the manufacturing towns of New Eng-
land.

VVe found proprietors and employes all
busy in the several departments of their ap-
parently well-systematised business. The
firm occupies four floors of a large building.
Their office is in the front on the second
floor, and the third is this year devoted en-
tirely to wool consigned by Patrons. Wool
is hauled directly from the cars to the rear
of the building and hoisted by steam power
to the floor where it belongs. In its turn
each sack _is weighed, and the marks and
weights carefully booked. The sack is
ripped open, each fleece is examined and
graded by the inspector, and each kind put
by itself. Each parcel is then weighed, and
when the amount has been determined,
each kind is piled with that of like grade.
The record of the house shows name of own-
er, when received, number and weight of
sack as shown by invoice, the gross weight
as found on the scales, the loss or excess,
and the weight of each of the several grades.
This done, here are piles of wool of the
several grades, ready for a customer.

It is easy to see that it is quite impossible to
always make prompt returns of sales, as a
consignor’s wool may have gone into sever-
al difl"erent piles; some of it may be sold
the day it is graded, and another pile of an-
other grade may not be in demand and not
meet a market for a month. But of one
thing we may be sure, when sold it goes on
its merits. The man who sends three-quar-
ters fine combing and delaine wool gets a
better average for his lot than the man
whose wool runs but one-quarter or one-third
this grade. The theory of this system is
correct, as it pays the producer for just the
kind of wool he sends to market, and en-
courages improvement in quality on his
part.

This firm have been working up this
trade for some time and are each year bring-
ing the business into better shape. VVe
were there long enough, to see that the
farmer or consignor who ships wool has
something to learn before the whole business
will run like clock work; many observe all
the conditions, so that there is no difiiculty,
all runs along smoothly, but others fail in
some particular, as in giving the number or
weight of the sack, or in putting two lots in
one sack and giving the total weight with-
out stating how many pounds belong to A,
and how many to B, though there may be
no dfiiculty in determining how many
pounds there are in each sack. Until the
business of shipping is better understood or
our people comply in every particular with
directions given, there will he sometimes a
bitch that will cause a delay, correspond-
ence and annoyance, and sometimes dissat-
isfaction. VVe could easily see that there is
much more work for commission men to
handle wool in small lots and make return
to each man the amount of each grade of
his lot and the price at which it was
sold, than under the old method of hand-
ling large lots from one consignor. One
book-keeper was giving his entire time to
the accounts of the Granger trade, and from
the outlook it promised to be very satisfac-
tory in amount this year, farin excess of
any previous year.

If the experience of this year proves fairly
satisfactory, it will be of great value in the
future; and that future stretches out so
broad and vast, and affects so many produc-
ers, that we shall look with constant solici-
tude to the result of what to so many of our
people is an experiment entered upon with
some misgivings and hesitation.

But Fenno & Manning are but a small
part of Boston, and having less than a day
and a half at our disposal to look about the
city, we turned from wool to the “Common,”
and after a half hour spent on these historic
grounds, we crossed a street to the public
gardens.

Of these it is sufficient to say that so large
inclosed areas in the heart of a great city,
beautified and adorned to the extent of the
skill of the florist and landscape gardener,
and devoted to the use of the rich and poor
alike, for recreation, health and enjoyment,
evinces a considerate regard on the part of
the municipal government for the interests
of the people, while the statuary of some of
th‘e nation’s most eminent statesmen and
the massive monuments in memory of her
dead heroes, proclaim in silent eloquence
her patriotism and love of art.

At6 P. M., we met a friend at our hotel
and started at once for a steamer to cross the
bay six miles and then by rail thre iles
to Boston’s “Coney Island”—N an sk et
Beach. The steamer, loaded with a well
dressed, gay and happy throng, the noble
bay with its islands and national defenses,
the shipping, large and small, that for busi-

ness or pleasure was plowing the smooth
surface of the water in every direction. and
the city in the distance-——all these in the
glowing sunset presented a panorama of
business and beauty that we remember with
lively satisfaction.

Arriving at our destination we found an
immense summer hotel, with broad piazzas,
inviting tables, and a band of music that
we had a right to presume from the rapid
gesticulating of the leader with his stick
was flrst-class. Our opinion of music, how-
ever, is not worth much, and, in this in-
stance, we judged of it by its surroundings.

As we sat after supper in a meditative
mood, a witness of the general gaiety, and
knew that we were in Boston harbor-were
in the land of the Pilgrims, we looked
around for some relic of the Puritans. some
evidence that these were their descendants,
andas we saw no sign we concluded they
must long ago have all gone west. Nantas-
ket Beach has absorbed a large amount of
capital to provide a place of resort and
amusement to the overflow of Boston these
summer evenings that extend way into the
night.

On the following day we took an early
morning street car ride to Cambridge.
Here we wandered around for an hour
among the many buildings of Harvard, old
and new—how many we do not know, but
we saw and learned enough to know that
this, the oldest college in America, has be-
come through the princely donations of
some of the rich men of Boston not only
famous as an institution of learning, but her
real and personal estate must be valued up
in the millions.

The buildings are mostly called halls,with
the names of the generous gentlemen who
furnished the money prefixed, that future
generations may know of their liberality.
There is Hallworthy Hall, Seaver Hall,
Tbayer Hall, costing $125,000, Weld Hall,
costing as much more, Mathews Hall, Gore
Hall with its imposing towers, Grey Hall, a
$100,000 building, and many others that we
do not mention.

Memorial Hall is a massive pile of recent
make, of great architectural beauty, and we
are sorry to say our notes fail to show the
name of the gentleman whose half million
was absorbed in its construction. Harvard
is rich in classic lore, in reputation and in
the accumulated preparation to extend her
beneficent work down the ages of coming
time, and we turned from the green of her
grounds and the quiet of all her vast estate
on this bright summer morning, to seek a
breakfast which all at once had become a
matter of more importance to us than the
name or fame of each and all of the great
men who have looked upon Harvard as
their Alma Zllater in a hundred years.

After breakfast we were about to return
to Boston, when we encountered a young
gentleman who kindly volunteered to go
with us to that venerable elm tree, where
cut in granite the visitor reads-

UNDER THIS TREE
WASHINGTON
FIRST TOOK COMMAND OF THE
AMERICAN ARMY,
JULY 3D, 1775.

\Ve had no more time for Cambridge, and
must forego extending our ride to Mount
Auburn, feeling just then less interest in the
beautiful city of the dead,than in the busy
city of the living. Taking another route
from that we came, we were soon wending
our way up a narrow street leading to the
monument on Bunker Hill. Here was our
first disappointment. \Ve had supposed
that hilly, mountainous New England,
where the supply was so abundant, had fur-
nished more of a hill on which to plant a
monument so famous. At the head of a
short street we reached a stone stairway of
perhaps a score of steps, and from these a
gradual ascent of perhaps a dozen rods
brought us to the base of Bunker Hill mon-
ument. Admitted by a guard to the small
enclosure around the entrance door, we
commenced the toilsome circular ascent of
294 steps to the outlook near the top.

W'e had expected with No. 2 to have con-
cluded our wanderings, but as before we
stopped while well up in the world, we
will now, after so hard a climb, stop and
take a rest for a couple of weeks.

POEMS OF A. H. STODDARD.

The presence on our table of the little
book of poems, by A. H. Stoddard, the far-
mer poet of Cooper, of this county, has
reminded us of a duty neglected. Bro.
Stoddard is an earnest, intelligent Patron,
whose presence with his spicy poems at
gatherings of Patrons, and of other societies,
has often added very much to the general
enjoyment. For one we say most unreserv-
edly that we like his poems. The style is
often humorous and the hits sharp and in-
structive. The book is particularly adapted
to the farmer class, and we commend it to
all lovers of this style of poetry. ' .

VVE have not had many reports of the
wheat harvest in the State. We wish our
friends, when writing us on business, to
make mention of the’yield—estimated, or
actual where threshing has been done— of
the wheat in their respective neighborhoods.
And we would like brief reports of this kind
from our enterprising friends even if no

other business is at hand. In short, we
want to know about what is the average of
the wheat crop of Michigan this year, and
no paper is so well situated to get this in-
formation as the VISITOR, provided its
subscribers who are interested in this
matter will give us the facts which
come within their personal knowledge.
Let us have reports from all parts of the
State that we may summarize for publication
in the next issue of the VISITOR. We have
lived here on Prairie Ronde, the largest
prairie in the State, for fifty years, and we
speak from personal knowledge when we
say that the wheat harvest in this township
is by far the poorest of all these years. We
think it is safe to say the yield will not
reach three bushels per acre of all the
ground sown. Here our eople will have
occasion to remember the essons of econo-
my taught b ' the Grange, and we shall be
surprised if t ey do not give more heed to
the pecuniary advantages which are within
their reach, than they have heretofore done.

DoN"r fail to carefully read the article of
Homer H. Stuart, on “ The Railroad Ques-
tion,” found on our third page.

Bro. Cobb .-——With this, find quarterly
report. Crops look well upon an average in
this vicinity. Some plowed their fall
wheat, but many think their wheat looks
better than last year; spring wheat looks
very well indeed. Corn small, but very
good color. Potatoes first-rate, and a large
amount of acreage. Grass, average good.

J. W. DICKERMAN.

Grand Traverse, July 2, 1881.

_P- S.—The four-leaf clover is the com-
pliments of our little three-year-old, who is
anxious to write or send something.

J. W. D.

The little “three-year-old” has our
thanks for the two beautiful little “four-
leaf” specimens, which were received in
perfect condition. They are of tiny size,
but beautiful samples of their kind, as we
can easily fancy the sender is, and we hope
the “ good luck ” which these delicate four-
leaved clover stalks promise the finder, will
not be missed by our “little three-year-
old.”—En.

DELTA, July 9, 1881.
Bro. J. T. Cobb .-——You will lease
change the address of my paper to elta,
Eaton county, Mich., and oblige
GEO. BIRCHARD.
That, Mr. Birchard, is a job we cannot
undertake to do until we are informed
where we are now sending it.-—ED.

.National Grange oi the Patrons ol Husbandry.

MAs'rER’s OFFICE, July 12, 1881.
At the last annual session of the National
Grange Bro. Devries for the committee on
resolutions reported the following preamble
and resolutions, which were adopted :-

“ WHEREAS, Among the several import-
ant wants of our Order at the present, stands
that of practical business information as to
the best mode of co-operation, and the edu-
cation of our people upon the real purposes
of the organization; and

WHEREAS, Much good has been accom-
plished by our Grange literature, under
State auspices; and while we commend
these laudable enterprises, there still re-
mains an unmet want, viz., a closer and
more direct connection between the parent
body and the Subordinate Granges, as shown
in part by reports of representatives of the
State Granges on this floor. Is it not sad to
contemplate how little we learn of each oth-
er as a fraternity during the interim of our
Annual Session ? And how muchof the in-
spiration here given never reaches Subordi-
nate Granges in remote sections of our
broad land ? Therefore,

Resolved, That in order to restore the lost
connection between the National Grange
and Subordinate Granges, the Masters of
Subordinate Granges shall be and are here-
by required to submit to State Masters quar-
terly reports, as to their general condition ;
also as to the progress made in co-operation,
transportation, legislation, and business
agencies, together with the success or non-
success, and the causes leading thereunto.

Resolved, That it shall be the duty of
State Masters, upon the receipt of such
quarterly reports from Masters of Subordi-
nate Granges, to summarize the same and
forward them to the Master of the National
Grange, together with the progress or de-
cline of the Order in their States, with such
suggestions as they may deem advisable
for the general welfare of the Order.

Resolved, That it shall be the duty of the
Master of the National Grange, in such man-
ner as he may deem most advantageous,
to publish, or have published, quarterly, in
succinct form, the condition of the Order
throughout the Union, bearing upon the
information sought to be obtained in the
foregoing preamble and resolutions, with
such other information as may contribute to
the welfare of the organization.

Resolved, That it is hereby declared to be
the duty of State Masters and Masters of
Subordinate Granges to urge the candid con-
sideration of the measures projected by the
National Grange, together with such other

questions as relate to local or general inter- ’

est, to the end that we, as a fraternity, may
each contribute to the welfare, prosperity,
and happiness of all.

As the published proceedings of the Na-
tional Grange did not reach the Masters of
Subordinate Granges until the first quarter
had quite or nearly expired, reports for that
quarter could not have been expected.

The following is a summary of the reports
received for the second quarter and up to

this date :—
FLORIDA.

March 31st, Brother VVilson, Master of
Florida State Grange, writes :—

“ I have waited for intelligence from differ-
ent Granges to assist me in making my first
report. Misplaced confidence and losses in
business co-operation has to some extent
injured the Order in our State. An influen-
tial farmer remarked to me the other day,
‘ I thought the Grange would meet the
wants of farmers; but my brother lost five
bales of Sea Island cotton, ($500), by the
Grange: such as that will-not take.’ I re-
plied that that was not the fault of the
Grange, and that a half million dollars had
been lost by the farmers in the same vicinity
by the commission merchants, and in near-
ly the same way, yet that did not seem to
injure the commission merchants. The
credit system has done as much to retard
the work of the Order in this State as any
other one thing. With all our back-sets
some of our Granges are increasing their
membership, others are holding their own,
and the Order is gradually molding public
sentiment, bringing about wholesome
changes by its influence and its teachings,
and is recognized as a power in the land.
Its workings are quiet, yet continued; it
teaches while its enemies are asleep. We
have many true Patrons in the State, and
the Order will never die in Florida. Under
its influence our people will grow more in-
telligent, practical, and punctual. and learn
to appreciate more fully the advantages of
intelligent organization and co-operation.”

TEXAS.
April 21st, Bro. Rose, Master of Texas

State Grange. reports :-

“ I have mailed several hundred circulars,
asking the main questions to enable me to
make a satisfactory report, and what an-
swers have been received are nearly all
encouraging.”


AUGUST 1, 1881.

‘SEE

Although the winter has been unfavorable
for Grange work, yet Bro. Rose has appoint-
ed twenty-nine County Deputies".-' He ap-
points only where they are recommended by
the Granges of the County. As a result two
new Granges have been organized, and
twelve have been re-organized since the
meeting of the State Grange in January.

BUSINESS RELATIONS.

“All the prosperous Granges are co operat-
ing in buying and selling, while those that
are in the decline do not. The Texas Co-op-
erative Association. located at Galveston, is
doing much for our people in controlling
prices and saving commissions on the hand-
ing of our cotton. Not less than one dollar
on each bale is saved, and the Agency will
handle nearly ten thousand bales this season.
“ Much better prices are obtained at home
where there are co-operative stores. Our
State Agency makes purchases for our local
stores, which, in turn. ship cotton to the
Agent. Not less than $15,000 will be saved
this year by the Texas Co-operative Agency,
and our local stores areall declaring divi-
dends on trade. Goods are invariably from
ten to twenty-five per cent. lower where our
co-operative stores are located, thus benefit-
ing all. Forty-one of our local stores own
stock in the Texas Co—operative Agency,
while others do business with the Agency.
These stores all began business with very
limited capital, but all are increasing their
stock and prospering. The first Grange
store in the State began business near the
close of 1875 with $1,000, its capital stock is
now $11,000. The average per cent. profit on
the operative capital for the entire time has
been 34 per cent. We confine profits to
Patrons ”

Bro. Rose gives a very full and interesting
history of the work and progress of the

Orderin his State from the first, naming the
principal obstacles which have been in the
way of its progress, prominent among
which have been unwise use of Grange
funds. opposition of Patrons to financial co-
operation, and politics in the Grange and
among Grange oflicials, all of which have,
no doubt, been met with in other States. He
closes his report by paying a very high com-
pliment to the Grange press. The Texas
Farmer is his State Grange organ, and is
doing a good work for the Order. He speaks
also in, high terms of the Patro - f Hus-
bandry which has quite a large circula-

tion in Texas.
KANSAS.

Bro. Sims, Master of Kansas State
Grange, reported April 15th, as follows :-

“In obedience to the requirements of a
resolution adopted at the last session of N a-
tional Grange, I beg leave very respectfully
to report that, in my opinion, based on the
best information at my command, the gen-
eral condition of our Order is improving in
the State.

“ I have failed, to thisérlate, to obtain from
Masters of Subordinate ranges, the reports
contemplated by the resolution above re-
ferred to, in suflicient number to warrant
me in attempting a summary or tabulated
statement; but judging from the reports at
hand and information received through cor-
respondence with active membeis of our
Order in different sections of the State,_and
from our Worthy’ Secretary, and Treasurer,
I am satisfied that our membership is quite
as strong as at any time within three years,
and am of the opinion that at the close of
the year we will be able to show an increase.

“The principles of co operation, as taught
in our Order, have been generally discussed
in our Granges, and are now well compre-
hended and are being successfully applied
in our business affairs. Purchasing and
sales, agencies, local and State, have been
abandoned and the Rochdale plan of co-
operation resorted to with very satisfactory
results. I have no information of failure or
dissatisfaction, where the rules recommend-
ed by the National Grange have been
observed.

“ In legislation, particularly on the trans-
portation question, but little progress has as
yet been made. Our people continue, to
some extent, to permit those having
little or no interest in common with them
to control or dictate nominations, and after
they have elected, petition their ‘so call-
ed’ representatives for such laws as they
desire, with, as a matter of course, very
unsatisfactory results.”

MARYLAND.

The following is from Bro. Devries’ report
of May 17th :—

“In compliance with the action of the
National Grange, requiring State Masters to
report quarterly to the Master of the Na-
tional Grange the condition of the Order in
their respective States, I will state that, as
far as heard from, I find the questions sug-
gested by Bro. Eshbaugh for Grange discus-
sion for the first quarter, were quite an
inspiration for the second. I consider the
condition of the Order in my State hopeful ;
the decline which set in upon us appears
checked for the present, at least. It has
been the policy for the State Grange to_carry
dormant Granges, in the hope of reviving
them. I have found it necessary to suspend
the charters of all such as I have been un-
abletorevive, in order to give those who
are really true Patrons the privilege of affili-
ating with active Granges. Most of our
working Granges seem 10 be in earnest, and
many are increasing their membership with
good material. Our business agency is still
continuing to do an extensive work. But
for this we could not have sucessfully with-
stood the opposition and overcome the
apathy of our people. The meeting-of our
State Grange was one of the most interest-
ing and business-like ever held in our State.
I have recently dedicated one new hall, and
I understand that several more are in course
of construction, and others in contempla-

tion. ”
MAINE.

Brother Thing, Master of Maine State
Grange, reports under date of May 17th,
that a large number of the Granges in
Maine have reported their standing to him,
and that these reports are almost invaria-
bly encouraging and hopeful. Some have
had trouble, some? have lost in numbers,
generally suspensions for non-payment of
dues, and some have failed to take that
straight-forward aggressivepoursethat gives

self-confidence and commands respect even
from those who love us least. The large,
well-established Granges are going straight
along, gaining in both strength and num-
bers. The most striking and uniform
feature of these reports is the fact that every
Grange that has made a success of co-opera-
tion, in other words, that has made money
in trade. is both prosperous and popular,
while those that have suffered financially
have also suffered as fraternal and social
organizations.

The Granges of his State have excellent
facilities for co-operation in trade. They
have a “ Patrons’Co-operative Corporation,”
located in Portland, where goods can be
bought at wholesale as well as in any city
in our country, which furnishes all goods
ordered at bottom prices for cash, and which
deals in goods of _— best quality. When
Granges have once established their stand-
ing with the store, they are dealt with as
honestly and fairly through the n-iail as
though the parties were face to face. This
store is located on the principal business
street, and occupies a three-story block, has
done business to the amount of its entire
capital three times a month ever since it
started. The report from almost every suc-
cessful Grange is “ \Ve do our business at
the State store, and we are well satisfied.”
Quite a number of Granges report a decided
improvement in the farms, buildings, and
general surroundings of Patrons. The
practical matters of everyday life, which
have been discussed in the Granges, have
begotten a spirit of emulation which has
resulted in great good to those who most
needed stirring up. He is satisfied that,
on the whole, the outlook of the Order in
Maine is favorable. This year they have no
State election, and they expect there will be
increased attention given to Grange work
and meetings.

WISCONSIN.

Bro. Parker, Master of W'isconsin State
Grange, reports under date ofJune lst, that
the condition of the Order in his State is not
as good as could be desired. The winter
has been unfavorable for Grange meetings,
yet the session of their State Grange was
well attended, and the delegates were hope-
ful and earnest, and gave encouraging re-
ports of their respective Granges and locali-
ties. The number of members in Wisconsin
slightly increased during the last year, and
quite a good increase in membership is
reported from some of the Granges since, so
he thinks he is safe in saying, “The Order
is improvingand gaining slowly and grad-
ually in numbers; but rapidly in that
knowledge of the work that is in the near
future to result in emancipating the farmer
from unjust and oppressive burdens of cor-
porations and monopolies.” Nothing was
gained by legislation at the last session on
the transportation question. During the
excitement of the presidential election the
friends of the railroad corporations worked
quietly in each assembly district to secure
men who would represent the railroad in-
terest, and the result was the election of a
vice president ofa leading railroad to the
Uniied States Senate. \Vhen it was too late
the people saw that there were other issues
at stake than a “ solid South,” or “ united
North.” Some progress has been made in
legislation that will result beneficially, no
doubt, to agriculture. There was an appro-
priatioii made to the Professor of Agriculture
in the State Agricultural College to expel‘-
iment with the amber cane and ensilage of
fodder, which may in some degree benefit

agriculture.
TENNESSEE:

Bio. Harwell, Mastcrof the State Grange,
under date of July 5, reports that the Order
has more than held its own in his State dur-
ing the present year. Some of the dormant
Granges have resumed work, and the mem-
bership of the working Granges has steadily
increased. Encouraging letters are almost
daily received.

The co-operative stores in the State are
increasing in numbers and business. and
confidence in practical co-operation is
strengthening among Patrons. The pros»
perity of the Order was seriously interrup-
ted in Tennesee by unfortunate financier-
ing. A debt has embarrassed the State
Grange for several years, but Bro. Harwell
reports it “nearly paid.” This surely
indicates progress; and good manage-
ment of State Grange officials. He recom-
mends some changes in Grange laws, relat-
ing to our financial system, and closes his
interesting report with the following senti-
ment relating to the attemrted assassination
of President Garfield, which will find a
response in every Patron’s and every pa-
triot’s heart. “We are recovering from
the terrible shock of Saturday, and our
hearts grow lighter as our hopes grow
stronger, that our President will survive the
assassin’s bullet. He has the sympathy of
every Southern man.”

The above constitute all of the regular
reports received. The following extracts
from letters received from State Masters
will be read with interest:

MASSACHUSETTS.

Brother Draper, Master of Massachusetts
State Grange, says:

" We are fairly inured in our work in this
State, and our State Grange meeting was far
ahead of any and all held heretofore. I am
in the field most of the time, and am writ-
ing and cheering up those I cannot visit. I

believe the year will show progress. We
conferred the 4th degree on fifteen members

ensues vrsrsos.

in our Worcester Grange to night, and
many Granges report new accessions.”
IowA.

Bro. Jones. Master of the Iowa State
Grange. writes:

“ Our State Grange meeting was held in
the Representative hall of our State Capitol.
It was the best State Grange meeting ever
held in our State. Our Governor spoke to
us one evening. His speech was able and
listened to with marked attention. I never
saw better feeling. Nearly one hundred
members were present, all paying their own
expenses, and went away determined to
work for the Order.”

ALABAMA.
The Order has suffered in Alabama. the
same as in Florida, Texas, and some other
States, and from the same or similar causes.
When the State Grange treasury became
depleted through mismanagement or im-
provident use of its fund, the State Grange
was left without power to act, and many of
the Subordinate Granges, being left without
the fostering care of the State Grange, very
naturally sank into a dormant condition.
The present ofiicers of the State Grange
have exhibited commendable zeal in the
work of reorganization. Bro. B. C. Harri-
son, Master of the State Grange says in a
recent letter :-

“Although not as strong in numbers as for-
merly, yet we are strong in faith and a de-
termination to make the Order perpetual in
Alabama. One greatilifiiculty that we la-
bor under in this State is in not having
means to put good lecturers in the field, but
this we expect to do next year, as we shall
have some funds then to invest in that way.
Every oflicer of the State Grange is laboring
without a dime’s compensation, and by
this means we expect to be able to meet our
liabilities and put a good lecturer in the
field.” '

In another letter of later date, he says :—

“ I am just home from a grand meeting of
our noble Order in Perry county. Never-
in my Grange career have I witnessed such
enthusiasm. Several were taken into the
fold and many more were asking admission.
I think the good day is hear at hand for
Alabama. The Order all over the State is
improving, and you may rest satisfied that
we will never cease our efforts until every
one engaged in agriculture will be with us
and of us.”

NORTH CAROLINA.

Brother VV. H. Cheek, Master of North
Carolina State Grange, in a letter soon af-
ter the meeting of his State Grange, said:

“ We havejust closed a most pleasant and
satisfactory meeting of our State Grange.
The outlook with us is encouraging. The
gains of last year exceeded the losses 35 per
cent. Three new Granges were organized.
The impression that our body made at the
State capital was decidedly favorable, and
the readiness with which the legislators
listened to our suggestions was truly en-
couraging. A resolution has already passed
the Legislature instru-ctting our members in
Congress to vote for the bill to make the
Commissioner of Agriculture a Cabinet
ofiicer.”

CAl.Il«‘0Rl\'IA.

Bro. Shipman, Master of California State
Grange, in a recent letter said :

“I find many Granges taking in new
members. As far as I have been able to
learn, the outlook for the Order is favorable
in this State.”

ARKANSAS.

The Order in Arkansas met with reverses.

The funds in the State treasury were ex-

hausted, the Master died, and the Overseer
refused to assume the duties of Master.
Hence the Order was left without a head,
and the Subordinate Granges ceased to pay
dues to the State Grange. I appointed Broth-
er J. V. Scott, the Worthy Secretary of the
Grange, a National Deputy, and took the
Subordinate Granges under the jurisdiction
of the National Grange. Brother Scott is
hopeful that he will soon be able to reorgan-
ize the State Grange upon a sure and lasting
basis. In a recent note he says:

“ The good work goes on. I am in better
spirits every day, for every mail brings me
encouraging reports.”

LoUisIANA AND NEBRASKA.

Louisiana and Nebraska State G?anges
have fora number of years been dormant,

and in each the same financial history is
repeated. Both State Granges lost heavily
by the failure of business agents and busi-
ness enterprises. I have exercised the au-
thority given ine by the last National
Grange, to protect the welfare of the Subor-
dinate Granges in those States, and have
appointed Bro. H. VV. L. Lewis a. National
Deputy for Louisiana, and Bro. C. P. Miller
for Nebraska. Bro. Lewis was the first
Master of his State Grange, and under his
administration the Order prospered. He is
hopeful and writes me that reports from the
Subordinate Granges are coming in, and he
will soon know the condition of the Order in
his State. He expects to reorganize the
State Grange soon. Bro. Miller, of Nebras-
ka, is also inspiring confidence among the
Subordinate Granges, and hopes to be able
to reorganize the State Grange this season.

Experience is said to be a “dear school,”
but the lessons learned therein are often
valuable. Wherever our Order has met
with reverses in States, one of the principal
causes has been depletion of the Grange
treasury by unwise or unfortunate use of the
funds. A Grange with a full treasurv will
live and prosper, while one laboring under
financial embarrassments is very apt to sus-
pend work and become dormant. These
early errors and consequent reverses in the
history of our Order, were but results of
natural causes, which time and experience
are correcting. As a rule, the funds of a
Grange, either Subordinate, County. State
or National, should not be used in business
nor placed in the hands of agents or oificers
without ample security for every dollar.

It must not be inferred that the condition
of the Order is not satisfactory in the States
which have failed to report up to this time.
I am satisfied that the contrary is true.
This system of reports is a new departure in
our work, and it is evident that Masters of
Subordinate and State Granges have failed
to learn, or have forgotten the requirements
of the National Grange. As soon as the
delinquent reports are received, I will sum-
marize and publish them. -

-‘ J. J. WooimAN.

Qnlunfs Eeiiiliinnil.

PICKINGS BY THE WAY. N0. 3|.

TUSCOLA COUNTY.

The 27th of June found us en route for the
county of Tuscola to meet some appoint-
ments long since made there. The night
was spent at Pontiac. To Rochester by the
Air Line was the first trip. Waiting two or
three hours at the Junction was the next
thing in order, but this gave time to write
and get off‘ several letters. To Vassar and
thence to Caro, which was soon -passed,
when the train came. Bro. Hatch,
Master of Tuscola Pomona Grange, with
his wife, accompanied us to the place where
the meeting was to be held that evening
north and east of Caro. By a late hour the
attendance was fair and some interest was
manifested, but not near what the farmers
of such alocality ought to have in such a
meeting, and in an organization that is
established purely by farmers.

The night was spent at the house of Bro.
Hatch, who on the following day took us to
Columbia.where Bro. Greenfield entertained
us at supper, and took us to Unionville for
the evening’s appointment.

Columbia Grange have moved their hall
to a four-corner site, a more central place
than its former location, and fitted up the
lower story and rent it for a store. The hall
proper is to be finished and ready for the
Pomona Grange of the county at its meeting
in August. This Grange, like most of the
working Granges, is growing and adding to
its numbers. We were also pleased to learn
that Bro. Hatch’s Grange at Ellington was
also growing in numbers and interest. The
same cheering news also comes from Cass
City Grange.

The evening meeting at Unionville was
not very largely attended, but the best of
interest was manifested and close attention
given to the subjects discussed. “ Work,
brothers, work! ” is our counsel to this
Grange. The night was spent with Bro. W.
I. Davis at his pleasant home two miles from
the village. The morning of the 29th was
spent in looking over Bro. Davis’s farm.
The wheat here, as in most other parts of
the county, was -better than the average
through the State, yet but little better than
a half crop. Some'heads of Timothy grass
attracted our attention, and cutting some we
found them from seven to nine and one-half
inches in length.

After dinner Bro. D. brought out his colts
and we were soon seated in his carriage and
whirling away towards Wisner on the prai-
rie en route to Bay City. Arriving at the
Half-VVay house we found a goodly number
of Patrons present ready to hold a meeting of
Prosperity Grange, No. 642, which, opened
in due form, were duly instructed in the
unwritten work of the Order, and the ways
and means of increasing the interest and
extending the influence of the Order in that
locality. This is a new Grange, organized
in December last and will, we trust, make
good use of the means it has to do good.
The evening brought out a full house to hear
the public lecture upon the aims and pur-
poses of the Grange. All present seemed
interested, and a large number gave their
names and money for three months’ sub-
scription to the GRANGE VISITOR. .

The night was spent at the pleasant home
of Bro. and Sister 0. M. Hazen, who were
formerly members of the Order in Ohio.
Bro. Hazen is the Secretary of the Grange.
He is largely engaged in the small fruit
culture at this place. \Ve had the pleasure
of testing the quality of his strawberries
which found their way in abundance to the
table.

A LONG RIDE.

On the morning of the 30th Bro. Davis
brought out his team at an early hour and
we rode away to Caro to dinner, and thence
to the south-east corner of the county tp
Kingstoin over 40 miles. The night was
spent at Bro.J.C.Annin’s house. VVe noticed
with pleasure the rapid development of this
part of the country. The last five years
have made great changes in the farmers
here. More and more thorough organiza-
tion of the farmer is needed here as else-
where in the State; because of the want of
the co-operative agency you pay tribute to
every class around you. Why should farmers
thus neglect the golden opportunities for the
improvement of the mind, as well as the
means of developing their fields and advanc-
ing their pecuniary interests, and let all pass
so easily from their grasp ‘P

AWAKE!
Unite in organization, farmers of Tuscola
county, and grand possibilities await you
in the near future. Organize.’ You must
organize I! is the plea of the future endorsed
by the ages past.

On the morning of J ulv lst we rode back
to Caro, and after dinner to the house of
Prof. Hugh Watson, where Bro. Davis left
us for home. Thanks to Bro. Davis for his
services in the good of the Order. After tea
at Bro. Watson’s we rode over with Bro.
Hatch and wife to the town hall of Almer
fora public meeting", which for the busy
time was fairly attended, and at its close we
had the satisfaction of seeing three applica-
tions placed in Bro. Hatch’s hands to be

placed before Ellington Grange at its next‘

meeting. Bro. Hatch took us to Caro to be

5

ready to start early the following morning
for home. ‘ ,

At Durand, while waiting for dinner and
the train we heard of the attempted assas-
sination of President Garfield, and as we
reach home, of his death, which time has
proved to be untrue, and now his recovery
seems to be probable, in answer to the
united wishes and prayers of a great Nation.

CHANGES.

As we before have written.our interests in
greenhouse and garden have been solr‘ b_\
us and our premises rented for a ten of
years. Packing has been the order of -. si-

ness for many days. Change your location
of 13 years’ standing, and see how rich you
are in things that you can’t sell for any-
thing and yet are too good to throw or give
away. Move once in a while to see the abun
dance of your unavailable wealth. As W

we have resigned our position as Master of
Strawberry Grange, No. 554, which position
was filled by the election and installation of
Bro. O. C. Ray. For the first time since

June 7,1873, we can say that we are not an
officer of a Subordinate Grange.

Picking up and packing down,on the 12th
inst. we left home for a tour of “boarding
around,” of which I shall write more fully
in a subsequent number.

SILVER CREEK GRANGE. No. 644.

On the afternoon of July 13 the train took
us into Manton, \Vexford county, where we
were met by Bro. S. Steel, VV'orthy Chap-
iain of the State Grange, who took us home
to tea and then to the meeting of Silver
Creek Grange, No. 644. VVe had a very
pleasant meeting and gave them such in-
struction as they desired. This Grange has
ample territory and material for a large and
successful Grange. The crops of wheat, clo-
ver and spring grains promise better in the
new counties than they do in most of the
older counties of the State through which
we have passed. The clover and hay crop
is very good indeed which, with “ catching
weather,” the farmers were trying to gather.

Bro. and Sister Steel seem to enjoy good

health, in a snug little home of their own
which they are fixing up at Manton. Our
next visit was at Brother and Sister .l. G.
Ramsdell’s. VVe found the judge (for he
hasjust been elected circuit judge) busy in
his haying, filling his large barn with his
abundant crop—better hay we never saw,
and the yield is very good indeed. Here on
the 15th we found strawberries quite abund-
ant on the vines, and a fair crop of cherries.
The orchard of this large farm gives abund-
ant promise of a good yield of fruit of all
the varieties usually grown.
On the 16th we made a visit to Brother
and Sister R. A. Camphell,which we enjoy-
ed very much indeed. The 20th found us at
Petoskey enjoying cool, invigorating breezes
and resting pleasantly. VVe made a descent
upon Harbor Spring Point, where, as ungu-
ager of the Lansing Resort Hotel, we were
surprised to find our \Vorthy Steward of the
State Grange and his wife, Brother and
Sister S. A. Tooker of Lansing. This he-
sort and all its beauty and its comforts, etc.,
it would take many columns to describe.
'l‘o all, Patrons or not, who go to the north-
ern resorts, we say: Go to the Lansing re-
sort, Harbor Spring Point, opposite Potas-
key: go to stay: take your family with
you, as we did, and enjoy yourselves,
On each Side of Little Traverse bay there is
a good location for a successful Grange.
Some old members are there, and more will
come. \Ve had to hurry away before we
could make all the inquiries we wished to,
but hope that even here the farmers will
take hold of the great work and prepare
themselves to do their whole duty.

August and Autumn Meetings.

The time is at hand to arrange and adver-
tise the autumn harvest festivals of our
Order in Michigan. VVe have from time to
time written and said much upon this
theme. What you aim at is SUCCESS. Its
elements are UNITED EFFORT, SYSTEM and
PERSEVERANCE. Successful meetings mean
successful work later in the season and
winter, Q1 the building up of our Order and
its interests. Then let every Patron take
hold and help make these meetings more
successful than those of any season before.
Plan them well, even to the minutest partic-
ular, and let every member discharge his
duty faithfully. Don’t be discouraged at
any seeming failure or defeat of your plans,
but turn them into successes. Start early
and advertise thoroughly. The best adver-
tising is to see every man, woman and child
whom you wish to attend and personally
invite them. Show by your own manner
and the interest you take that you are filled
with the interest of the occasion, and you
will impress them with your own spirit.
Advertise in local papers and State papers ;
advertise at meetings of all kinds; put up
notices everywhere; and then tell every
person you meet—and go out of your way to
see everyone-—of the meeting, and invite all.
NEVER-take it for granted than any one
knows of any meeting, but invite all many
times over, and then write them a card and
send them a paper containing aspecial invj.
tation. Of course you will have speaking,
singing, eating, &c., and abundance of each,
but one other thing we wish to urge upon
all Patrons and that is personal attention to
all to get them out to the meetings, and then

(Concluded on Eighth Page.)

were to be more than ever away from hon -2‘ *-


.
5
X

1.
ll

6

TEE GRAN

lifli-7

LOST OPPORTUNITIES.

BY MRS. HOMER CASE.

How oft there passes before me
A great and silent host,

With eyes reproaching me ever:
The opportunities lost.

Precious chances that God has given ;
Leading me up through strife

To a grand and glorious future,
A larger and better life.

Ah, woe is me that I lost them!
Their wealth can never be told;

Each one was a stepping-stone onward;
A stair of shining gold——

Placed that the feet of my spirit
Might climb the upward way

To reach a broader range of thought,
Guided by reason’s ray.

Lord, help me, each precious moment,
Some chance of good to win,

That my thoughts may never go downward
To self, and sense, and sin.

Help me to open the windows
Which look toward the skies,
By taking as thou dost give them:
These opportunities.
Bedford, Mich.

STEP BY STEP.
nv J. G. HOLLAND.

Heaven is not reached by a single bound,

But we build the ladder by which we rise
From the lowly earth to the vaulted skies,
And we mount to its summit round by round.

I count these things to be grandly true,
That a noble deed is a step toward God,
Lifting the soul from the common sod,
To a purer air and a nobler view.

We rise by the things that are under our feet,
By ‘what we have mastered in greed and gain,
By the pride deposed and the passion slain,
And the vanquished ill we hourly meet.

W's hope, we resolve, we aspire, we trust,
VVhen the morning calls to liie and light,

But our hearts grow weary, and, ere the night,
Our lives are trailed in sordid dust.

Wings for the angels, but feet for the men ;

\Ve must borrow the wings to find the way,

We may hope, and resolve, and aspire, and pray,
But our feet must rise or we fall again.

Only in dreams is the ladder thrown

From the weary earth to the sapphire wall,
But the dreams depart and the visions fall,
And the sleeper wakes on a pillow of stone.

Heaven is not reached by a single bound,

For we build the ladder by which we rise
From the lowly earth to the vaulted skies,
And we mount to the summit round by round.

who was Alexander the Great. and What of His
Life’?

For the Visrron.

The subject presented to us for considera-
tjon is the first of {our great generals, whose
success in every undertaking has won the
admiration of the whole world, Alexander,
Hannibal, Caesar, and Napoleon.

Alexander the Great was the son of Phil-
lip, King of Macedonia, one of the States of
Greece, and was born in the autumn B. C.
356. He made so many conquests, and was
so successful that he was styled the Con-
queror of the World.

His education, which was very thorough,
was received from the hands of the cele-
brated philosopher, Aristotle. Therefore, he
was well qualified to occupy the throne left
vacant by the death of his father. He was
very young to assume such gigantic respon-
sibilities, being but twenty years of age
when he ascended the throne. At that
time the northern tribes who had been
subdued by Phillip made an invasion into
Macedonia, but were soon reduced by the
armies of Alexander. Some of the Grecian
states thought this a good opportunity to
shake off the Macedonian yoke,and made the
attempt, but the sudden appearance of their
youthful sovereign in their midst put an
end to all resistance.

After having subdued and quelled- his
own province, he proceeded on his career of
Eastern conquests. Success crowned all his
efibrts. Onward he proceded, securi the
submission of province after province, yre.
Gaza, Babylon, Susa, and Percepolis, being
some of the principal cities subjugated by
Alexander.

In the citadel of Gordium in Asia Minor
was a very ancient chariot, with a knot
twisted in a very complicated manner,
regarding which an oracle had declared
that whoever should loosen this knot should
win the empire of Asia. As he was unable
to unfasten the knot, Alexander, it is said,
out it with his sword, considering that sum-
cient to make him lord of Asia.

At the battle of Issue. he was met by the
Persian king Darius Codomanus with 700,-
000 men; notwithstanding, the overwhelm-
ing ‘numbers of this Persian army, it
was promptly routed and put to night.
King Darius fled from the field at the be-
ginning of the battle, leaving his wife.
daughters, and infant son to fall into the
hands of Alexander, who, contrary to the
ancient custom (which was to sell into
slavery all prisoners of war captured),
treated them with the greatest kindness.
The wife of Darius died soon after her cap-
ture, and she received a most magnificent
burial from the hands of the Macedonian
king.

He had a desire to win the respect and es-

uem of all his conquered people,and by kind

and generous treatment, and wise regard for
established customs and institutions, he
very soon secured their attachment to his
cause. In Egypt he even “did as the
Egyptians did,” joined with them in the
worship of their idols.

Alexan_der founded the celebrated city in
Egypt which was named in his honor, Alex-
andra. It was the center of commerce and
civilization for many years. His love of
conquest did.not hinder him from paying
some attention to the welfare of the coun-
tries he had subjugated, and four other
towns were named in honor of him. In
the midst of his success he was heard to say
that “the World no more admitted of two
masters than of two sons.”

He not only was successful in subj ugating
and bending to his will all the nations of
the earth, but was just as successful in ac-
quiring wealth.

Kind and considerate to his soldiers, he
cheered and encouraged them by magnan-
imously sharing in all their privations, and
unlike most of the leaders of an army, had
great regard for the lives of his men. On
one occasion he was preparing to add to his
empire the region of country watered by
the Ganges, when his soldiers, thinking
there was to be no end to his conquests,
refused to follow him. He at once complied
with their request, and returned to Persia.
He thought to return by a new route along
the coast of Arabian Sea, and Persian Gulf,
and procured a number of vessels to convey
him down the Indus. Upon reaching the
ocean, Alexander is said to have sat upon
a rock near the shore, gazing at the wide
expanse of water, and wept bitterly that
there were no more worlds to conquer.

It seems that prophecies had been fore-
told that his death was to occur at Babylon,
and for some time he was reluctant to enter
that city, though he intended making it the
capital of his vast empire. But upon learn-
ing of the death of a very intimate friend
of his youth, he laid all scruples aside and
determined on making a visit to the place.
His mother remonstrated with him, and
tried to persuade him not to go, but of no
avail. Finding her entreaties vain, she
asked to whom should be given his vast
wealth if he should never return. He re-
plied, “Give it- to one who has never
known the sorrow that you have, or lost a
friend.” After his death she thought there
would be no trouble in finding one without
sorrow or trouble, and at once sent for one
of her servants of whom she asked if he
had ever known a sorrow or lost a friend.
“ Oh, yes,” said he, “ My father was killed
in one of Alexander's battles.” Thus it
was with her whole household. She then
made diligent search throughout her king-
dom, but it was also fruitless. She returned
home feeling she was not alone in her sor-
rows, and strengthened by the reflection
that “all around her were brave hearts
struggling under the weight of some deep
sorrow, all unseen from the outer world.”
Alexander's visit to Babylon, as was pre-
dicted, proved to be his last. He was at-
tached soon. after a sudden illness, caused
by excessive indulgence in strong drink,
which carried him to his grave at the early
age of 32 vears, B. C. 32-l. When asked
just before his death to whom he left his
vast empire he replied, “ To the most
worthy.” The remains of Alexander were

conveyed to Alexandra in Egypt, where
they were interred.

Would we might have followed the career
of this great and good man to his grave
without a stain upon his name, but this was
not to be. It seemed he had indulged in
the ruinous habit of strong drink through
his life, it many times causing him to per-
form acts which he would deeply regret
when not under its influence. Therefore,
greateris he, and greater power of mind
does it require, to govern one’s self than to
conquer and subdue the whole world.

Mrs. ALBERT DICKINSON.

FOOTE, when traveling in the fa! West
of England, dined one day at an inn.
When the cloth was removed the land-
lord asked him how he liked his fare.
“I have dined as well as any man in
England.” said Foote. “ Except Mr. May-
or,” cried the landlord. “I do not except
anybody whatever,” said be, “But on
must,” bawled the host. “ I won't.” “ 'ou
must.” At length the strife ended by the
landlord (who was a petty magistrate) tak-
ing Foote before the mayor, who observed
it had been customary in that town, for a
great many years, always to_ except the
mayor, and accordingly fined him a shilling
for not conforming to this ancient custom.
Upon this decision, Foote paid the shilling,
at the same time observing that he thought
the landlord the biggest fool in Christendom
—except Mr. Mayor.

A WISE WO0DPECKEB.—L8.8t summer,
while walking in the woods, I found the
nest of a golden-winged-wood pecker (Galap-
tus Auratus) built in the hollow of a dead
tree. ’ Wishing the eggs for my collection,
I got a boy to climb the tree for me, which
he did with little trouble. A few days lat-
er, while walking by the same tree, I heard
the wood-pecker hard at _work deepening
the hole which had previously contained
the eggs, with a view, I suppose, of protect-
ing its eggs. in future from all mankind,
which I have no doubt it succeeded perfect-
ly in doing.—A. G. Gibbs in Young Scientist.

“ WHAT did the Puritans come to this
country for ?” asked a Massachusetts teacher
of his class. “ To worship God in then; own
way, and make others do the same, was
the reply.

To Preserve Eggs for Good Markets.

Farmers’ wives and children, who gen-
erally care for the poultry, sell the eggs and
appropriate to their own use the meagre
proceeds, allow the dealers too large a share
of the profits. Through all the warm
weather the country storekeeper and ship-
pers get eggs for a solig, and those who buy
them in the large markets like Chicago, by
preserving them for winter use, do a thriv-
ing business. Now it is one of the easiest
things in the world to keep a large share of
the profit at home, where it justly belongs.
All that is necessary is to pack the eggs in
some manner to protect them from the
action of the atmosphere, and save them for
the better markets of fall and winter. or
course, preserved eggs are not up to the
standard of fresh laid ones, but those pre-
served at home may be precisely as good as
those preserved by the country or city spec-
ulators. Here are some of the simple meth-
ods by which eggs may be kept many weeks
or months: ‘

Immerse fresh eggs for five seconds in
boiling water, having dissolved in it fine or
six pounds of brown sugar per gallon; dry
quickly and pack, small end down, in a
mixture of bran and charcoal, two parts of
bran to one of ‘charcoal.

To lime eggs so that they will keep well :
Add to cold water in a tight barrel, slaked
lime and salt in the proportion of half a
pound each to three gallons of water. Let.
remain for some time, remove, dry and rub
them over with lard.

Eggs covered lightly with silicate of soda
will keep excellently, though not conven-
iently obtained in most places. If peratline
can be had—country druggists can get it for
you——dip eggs in it, let them dry, and pack
in charcoal and bran. Four ounces of gum
Arabic dissolved in a quart of water is an
excellent solution for this purpose.

The thing to be accomplished in all cases
is to fill the pores of the shell and keep out
the air. -

In packing always put the small end
downwards, do not let the shells touch each-
other, and keep at a uniformly cool temper-
ature.—Fa7-mers’ Review.

The Tendency is to Save.

In numerous ways the people of the Unit-
ed States are beginningto utilize, in an ex-
ceedingly profitable manner, what has here-
tofore been ruthlessly wasted. Iu this they
are following the wholesome example ofthe
inhabitants of Europe, especially those of
France. They grow wealthy, not alone be-
cause they produce,but because they save and
utilize every thing. Here, while we have
produced cheaply and lavishly, We have
thrown away sutficient to make any nation
wealthy.

The Review has lately mentioned the fact
that at the great slaughtering centers al-
most every former species of refuse is
now put to some economic use. The at-
tempt at Pullman to demonstrate the fact
that the sewage of cities and towns may be-
come a source of income is another example
of the growing tendency of our people to
save. The thousands of tons of cattle and
buffalo bones transported from the plains to
Eastern and foreign factories, where they
are made into hundreds of useful and orna-
mental articles. is another. A still more
important example, because of the immense
money value of the hitherto wasted pro-
duct, is afforded by the new cotton seed in-
dustry that has sprung up in the Southwest.

There are now 56 cotton seed oil mills in
the States of Louisiana, Mississippi, Geor-
gia, Tennessee, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri,
and Alabama. Last year these mills clean-
ed from the seed, before crushing, some 5,000
bales of cotton suitable for batting. They
extracted 15,000,000 gallons of oil, i0.000,000
gallons of which were exported to Europe
to be mixed with a small portion of the gen-
uine, properly (or improperly) branded and
sold all over the world as olive oil. The de-
posit from the refined oil was taken by the
manufacturers of soaps and dyes. The hulls
of seed furnished the fuel to run the oil
mills,and the ashes they made were used by
the planters to fertilize their cotton lands.
The seed cake, or meal, was shipped abroad
where it rivals linseed cake for stock-feed-
ing purposes. When the entire cotton seed
crop of the South becomes utilized in these
ways, it is easy to see that what but a few
years ago was almost without value will be-
come one of her principal sources of revenue.

These are but a few of the more striking
examples of the progress we are making in
the direction indicated. There are hun-
dreds of others of greater or less magnitude.

The result of all will be that the disposi-
tion to save and apply will rapidly extend to
the individual, until this finally becomes the
richest and most independent nation upon
the earth. But the individual must change
greatly, especially in the West. Without
doubt, what is to-day allowed to go to waste
upon Western farms would support an equal
number of farmers’ families in frugal New
England.

What is needed, and what will come, is a
general and popular recognition of the fact
that it is just as honorable, and far easier, to
save as it is to produce. To wasleis a wicked
and expensive habit-—nothing more or less.

To save does not necessitate meanness or
illiberality in the least degree. On the con-
trary, economy that leads to the utilization
of what is carelessly wasted increases wealth
and the power of wealth to add to_ the com-
fort and happiness of the individual, the
community and the nation.—-Farmers’ Re-
view.

‘Tun latest novelty recorded in the “live
stock” business is leech farming. as carried
on on a thirteen acre tract near New York
City. The tract is devoted to small ponds
having clay bottoms, and are inargined
with peat. The leeches form their gellatin-
ous cocoons in these peat margins, crawl in-
to them at the open end and deposit their
eggs during the month of J une. By Sep-
tember the warmth of the sun hatches out
the young, varying in number from thirteen
to twenty-seven from each cocoon. During
the Summer months the water in the ponds
is kept at about three feet; in Winter the
depth is increased to prevent freezing the
leeche. Leches are not expensive feeders,
a meal of fresh blood once in six months be-
ing their only diet. The blood is put in lin-
en sacks and suspended in the water. The
leeches attach themselves to the bag and re-
main until gorged with blood when they
drop off‘ into the water. The owner reports
that his sales amount to about 1,000 leeches
per day, the most of‘ them going to the West
and South. He makes this novel branch of
farming quite profitable.

GE VESETQR.

Adulieraiion of Food.

VVe continue our extracts from the paper
on this subject by Geo. T. Angeli, of Boston.

is THE GLUCOSE or COMMERCE A \VHOLE-
SOME ARTICLE?

That is the question. The Chicago Grocer
of Sept. 25, 1879, says: “ The manufactur-
ers deny admittance to their factories.” The
Chicago Tribune says the manufacture is
carried on with as much secrecy as the il-
licit distillation of spirits.

The Merchant’s Reporter states that some
of these factories are considered such nuis-
ances as to greatly increase the risks of in-
surance. It quotes from the Chicago Eve-
ning Journal, in regard to its manufacture
at Des Moines, Iowa, that neighboring fam-
ilies were made sick by the nauseous smell,
which caused sore throat and severe vomit-
ing; twigs of fruit-trees were colored and
withered by the gas given off; and house-
plants exposed to it withered and died.
The immense amounts of sulphuric acid us-
ed eat up not only the pipes and machinery,
but ever the buildings, making constant re-
pairs and re placing necessary.‘

Professor Charles R. Fletcher, chemical
lecturer to B lston University, and State as-
sayer of Massachusetts, writes me that he
has recently analyzed three samples of the
best solid glucose, and two samples of the
sirup, grades A and B, and in every sample
found free sulphuric acid (oil of vitriol). In
one sample of best glucose he found 30
grains of oil of vitriol to the pound of glu-
cose. In a sample of best sirup he found
nearly as much.

Mr. Kedzie, of the Michigan Board of
Health, found in one sample of glucose syr-
up 141 grains of oil of vitriol and 724 grains
of lime to the gallon, and in another, which
had caused serious sickness in a whole fam-
ily, 72 grains of oil of vitriol, 28 grains of
popperas, and 363 grains of lime to the gal-

on.

In Dr. Kedzie’s report, published by the
National Board of Health, July 17, 1880, he
states that he has almost always found in
the samples of glucose examined by him
copperas and sulphate of lime, and usually
in considerable quantities, and that two in-
instances have come to his knowledge
where a number of persons were made
alarmingly sick by eating glucose syrups
which contained considerable quantities of
copperas (sulphate of iron.)

Dr. T. D. Williams, of Chicago, states
that in the various samples of glucose sugars
and syrups that he has analyze», he has in
every sample found quantities of free sul-
phuric acid (oil of vitriol).

Professor Mariner states that in several
glucose syrups he has analyzed he has found
chlorides of (in, calcium, iron, and magnesia
in quantities which made them very poison-
ous.

The Journal of lllatcria Zllcdica says the
use of tin in glucose syrups has been proved
by numerous analyses.

Dr. Kedzie says that hams cured with
glucose have been found to mould, blacken
by heat and become bitter.

In the recently published book on food
adulteration recently referred to, I find a
case in which men employed in 12 different
Michigan lumber camps were poisoned by
eating glucose syrup.

A New York lawyer of the highest respec-
tability writes me that a man recently appli-
ed to him to hire a building and machinery
for the manufacture of glucose; that he ob-
jectcd because his brother, a professor of nat-
ural sciences in a western college, had told
him that the sulphuric acid used was very
destructive to both building and machinery,
making constant repairs and replacing
necessary. This man admitted to him that
immense quantities of sulphuric acid were
used ; that quantities of this did remain in
the product, and large quantities of sulphate
oflime were formed, which was very inju-
rious to health, and, as he understood it.
affected the kidneys; and that he himself
would use on his table only the highest
grades of granulated sugar.

I have another letter from a most respect-
able Saratoga gentleman, well known to
me, that he has recently bought the highest
priced granulated sugar, which he found to
be largely mixed with another white sub-
stance, and to have only about one-half the
sweetening power of pure sugar.

Dr. Williams also states, in letter of April
9, 1880, that he has found glucose products
almost invariably contaminated with lead,
and that Professor Mariner tells him that he
has recently found lead in nearly every
sample he has analyzed.

Dr. Wight, commissioner of public health
of Milwaukee, writes me November 8, 1879,
that an eminent chemist and college pro-
fessor tells him that he has analyzed many
specimens of sugar for muriate of tin, and
has frequently found it in dangerous quan-
tities.

Professor Mariner stated, October, 1879,
that out of fourteen samples of sugars ana-
lyzed by him. he had found in twelve tin,in
the form of a chloride, “ an active poison.”

The students of the school of mines of
Columbia College, New York City, extract-
ed some time since quantities of tin from
sugars and hung the lumps from the necks
of the bottles from which they were taken.

President Kedzie, at a meeting of the
Michigan State Board of Health, January
14, 1879, said. that as a. general thing, cheap
sugars in Michigan were adulterated; that
poisonous materials were used to color
sugars, and that A coffee sugars often, and B
and U coffee sugars almost always,contained
tin salts.

Mr. Stearns, the great manufacturing
chemist of Detroit, told me, September, 1879,
said that he could not buy a pound of sugar
in Detroit that he could use to coat his pills,
and Mr. J. M. Chapman, as we have before
seen, said that not one barrel of sugar in a
hundred now sold in Chicago is pure, “ the
rest is doomed‘ goods,” which evidence is
confirmed by other sugar merchants of that
city.

In view of these facts I am inclined to
believe theie is some foundation, at least in
some parts of our country, for what Mr.
Fuller, the retired sugar dealer, said to the
United States Board of Trade, in New York
city, November 13, 1878, viz., that sugars,
molasses, and honey were then so adultero-
ted that though very fond of those articles,
he did not dare use them, except in small
quantities; and I am not surprised to know
that some of our physicians believe that the
great increase of kidney complaints in this
country may be attributed to the great in-
crease in the adulteration of sugars.

It may be said that since the country is
becoming somewhat alarmed by the agita-
.tion of this subject, unscrupulous manufac-

turers are leaving out some articles that they

AUGUST 1, 1881.

put in before; but that gives us no security
for the future when the agitation shall have
been quieted, unless permanent measures
are taken to protect the public.

THE REMEDY.

What can be done to stop the adultero-
tion of sugars?

1. Compel every manufacturer who sells
articles adulterated with glucose to place in
his store or factory a sign, “glucose pro-
ducts sold here,” and on every box and
package containing them the words, " glu-
cose products,” then set the public analysts
at work and let them publish in the reading
columns of newspapers in all our cities what
they find in glucose, and the names of its
manufacturers.

2. Compel every manufacturer of sugar
or sugar products adulterated with other ar-
ticles to hang out a sign, “ adulterated su-
gars or sugar products sold here,” and put
on every box or package the word, "adul-
terated.” Then keep the chemists at work
and let them publish, as before, what they
find, and the names of the manufacturers.

Age of Sheep.

All well bred sheep have a full month of
teeth at three years old, Some old unim-
proved flocks may still be found in which

the mouth is not full until nearly four years ‘

old, but fortunately these are now the ex-
ceptions, and should not be made the stand-
ard as they so constantly are. In Cotswolds,
Leicesters, Lincolns, Southdowns, Oxford
Downs. Hampshire Downs, and even in the
advanced Merinos, and in the grades of all
these, dentation is completed from half‘ a
year toayear earlier. The milk or lamb
teeth are easily distinguished from the per-
manent or broad teeth by their smaller size,
and by the thickness of the jaw bone around
the fangs where the permanent teeth are
still enclosed. As the lamb approaches a
year old the broad, exposed part of the tooth
becomes worn away, and the narrow fangs
projecting above the gums, stand apart from
each other, leaving wide intervals. This is
even more marked after the first pair of
permanent teeth have come up overlapping
each other at their edges, and from this
time onward the number of small milk teeth
and of broad permanent teeth can usually
be made out with ease. Another distin-
guishing featuie is the yellow or dark color-
ation of the fangs of the milk teeth, while
the exposed portions of the permanent teeth
are white, clear and pearly. The successive
pairs of permanent teeth make their appear-
ance through the gums in advanced breeds
at about the following dates: the first pair
at one year; the second pair at one year and
a. half; the third pair at two years and three
months; the fourth and last at three years.
It will be observed that between the appear-
ance of the first two pairs there is an inter-
val of six months, while after this each pair
comes up nine months after its predecessors.
For backward grades and the unimproved
breeds, the eruption is about six months later
for each pair of teeth, but even with them
the mouth is full at three years and six
months.—James Law.

Cattle on the Plains.

How the cattle business is conducted on
the plains, very few outside of those cu-
gaged in the business there have any
definite idea. The Sidney (Neb.) Plain-
dealer’s descriptioli of the methods followed
will not be devoid of interest:

First, each owner selects some brand for
his herd, and every head of stock is branded
and then turned on their respective ranges.
The stock thus turned go where they choose,
sometimes remain on their range, but gen-
erally drifting here, there, and everywhere
over the vast prairies of western Nebraska,
Wyoming, and Colorado, finding their own
food, care, water and shelter. Each spring,
beginning early in May, the cattle owners
meet and appoint a certain time for the
beginning of the round up, and on that day
representatives from the cattle owners or
the owners themselves assemble at an ap-
pointed place; a wagon is appointed f'or
each mess, as they style it. in which the
men, ranging from six to fifteen, put their
baggage and blankets. The cook’s mess
box is on the back end of the wagon.
Almost military precision and discipline
are observed. From five to ten ponies are
in use by each man. This number seems
to an uninitiated person more than necessa-
ry for the prosecution of the work, but
when it is remembered that most of the
time these horses are on the keen jump
after some stray cow, calf, or bull, which
from the freedom they have enjoyed for a
year in roaming the plains or hills are as
wild as an untamed buffalo, then it is plain
enough to the unsophisticated that horses
are soon run down. These riding ponies are
kept in a bunch by each mess and are in
charge, day and night, of men hired for the
purpose of herding them. Grain is never
fed to them, the nutritious grasses of the
hills and plains furnishing abundant suste-
nance. The men ride the ground all over,
searching every .bluif and ravine in order
to find all the stock, and as fast as an
animal is found it is driven to a herd from
which each owner cuts out those of his
brand and takes them to his own herd
and so on.

Every day the cattle are gathered together,
all unbranded calves are branded, and this
thing is kept up till the entire route pre-
viously agreed upon as the field of opera-
tions has been thoroughly scoured, and each
man takes his cattle to his range.

The round-up naturally is an expensive
business, extending as it does, over a terri-
tory of 300 to 400 miles square. But its
efficiency in proving property, and keeping
cattle on the ranges where they belong
makes it necessary, as long as cattle are
permitted to run at large.

A NOTED physician who has much to do
with insane persons and wide experience in
the treatment of deranged minds, states that
centrifugal movements are characteristic of
intelligence and higher development, and

‘that centripetal are a mark of incomplete
evolution. As an illustration: If you wish
to test the intellect of a new cook or other
suspected person, give her a plate to polish
and notice in which direction she moves her
hands. If she goes round it from left to
right, as in winding up a watch, all is well,
but if she goes from right to left, it is a sign
of mental inferiorit . He states that there
is no better proof 0 an inferior mind than
to see one drawing circles from right to left.

__________________

THRESKING machines will be soon heard

in the land.


x£¢¢‘.oa.\.,,-'x«sl-‘um_._- -‘ “

AUGUS" 1, 1881.

Esassssss 73§E§'%'%

finrrespnntle

REPORT OF CENTREVILLE GRANGE, NO. 76.

BY JAMES YAUNEY, LECTURER.

We are called upon to report, you say,

To the County Grange that convenes to-day.
I suppose you'd like to know the fix

We are in, up here in seventy-six:

At first we numbered twice sixty-three,
The roll-book shows as you will see ;
To-day we number but sixty-four-

About half the number, a little more,

But here I'll stop and lay the blame

On certain persons I could name

Who professed to love the IPatrou’s creed,
But only joined for selfish greed.

They've broken with us their vows and pledges,
And now are acting as middle wedges

To split our Order all asunder,

But here they'll find they made a blunder.
Strength is not in numbers, we find,

But in will and action, both combined.

We are stronger now than e’er before,
Though many have gone outside our door;
Some have died and gone to their rest,

We hope they are remembered with the blest ;
Some have joined in wedlock ties,

And with new love the old one dies ;

Some have left on account of dues,

But this don't give us a bit of the blues,
For when we remove the gold from the dross.
‘Tie purer and brighter, without any loss.
Some have come back, to say the least,

For those we've prepared a sumptuous feast.
For those who bore the heat of the day,

We have doubled rations as well as pay 2
They’ve faced the storms of wind and squall,
And gained a victory after all.

But now I'll tell you what we've done :

We have labored hard since we begun,

To secure for us a Granger home,

Where twice a month we always come:

We have bought for us this house and land,
For which we paid the cash in hand-
One thousand dollars was the score: I
Perhaps ’twill foot a little more.

For stoves and carpet and dishes, too,
With other things we have in view,

For we always find the husbandman

With open purse and willing hand.

Our sisters too: we praise them all,
Whose loving hands bedecked the wall
\Vith pictures and emblems which can be seen,
With mottoes wrought in evergreen.

The amount we paid they helped to make
By selling oysters, cream and cake,

And dinners at our county fair

To all who wished to purchase there.
Thus have they worked to pay the debt
Till not a dollar is remaining yet. ‘
Once more we praise our sisters fair,
Whose mellow songs of music rare I

Lead us on to nobler deeds:

Such is the help the farmer needs.

We have a library of books, all new,
Which numbers now some seventy-two,
On topics which we always find

Improve as well as please the mind.

The VISITOR finds our happy home-
Twice a month ’tis sure to come——

Where the choicest reading we find to con,
Which cheers the halting Patron on.

As Lecturer of this Grange, I'll say

I've always tried to point the way

To what would bring the greatest good,
Success to man and woman-hood.

Our Patrons here are free to exchange
Their views on working, through the Grange;
To buy our plows and hoes and rakes,
And save the amount the agent makes;
To ship direct our wheat and wool,-
And then together if we pull,

We'll find a strength in this broad field.
To which the lesser ones must yield.

Our bags with plaster we always fill
Ground at Day it Taylor's mill,

While Hill and Mason we always find

In business prompt, obliging and kind.

A suggestion here I'd like to make

If the County Grange the hint will take:
Search the records of every Grange,

And see what interest they contain;

Send a committee to scan them all
(Though some are great and others small),
And report the same from year to year,-
’Twill do us good, ’tis plainly clear.

United in our Grange we stand,
Forming a little working band;
And to no higher aim aspire
Than to raise our standard higher.

God gave to us this virgin soil,

And said to us, Go forth and toil

And raise the grain that makes the bread
On which the millions must be fed.”

Then let us each our mission fill,

For little brooks oft turn the mill,
Whose ponderous wheels, as they go ‘round,
The thrift of labor thus resound.

We've launched our ships, we're sailing fast ;
We've nailed our banner to the mast;

Our motto to the‘ breeze we fling:

No compromise with Monopoly's rings!

Bro. J. T. Cobb.-—Our Grange, together
with Dryden and Lapeer Granges, enjoyed
a pleasant picnic at Pleasant Lake on the 4th
inst. On the borders of the lake is a grove.
Herr/we.met by previous appointment at 10
o'clock A. M. After partaking of an excel-
lent repast, the meeting was called to order,
and Bro. Msnwsring, of Lapeer Grange,
was called to preside. Then followed
speeches from Rev. Mr. Curtis, of Ionia,
and Bro. Bradshaw, of one of the Dominion
Granges, and others. Some of the young
folks enjoyed themselves on the lake boat-
ing and fishing. Altogether we had a pleas-
ant and satisfactory time, long to be remem-
bered. May we live to meet our friends
again under as favorable circumstances.

“ W. Noirrn.

A'rricA, July 23, 1881.

Raspberry Grange, No. 593.

Bro. J. T. Cobb: I wish to say that our
Grange, No. 593, is in a prosperous condi-
tion. We hold meetings twice a month.
Have built a hall this summer. Hay is a.
light crop; harvest is just ready with a thin
crop, but prospects of a good sample and
yield of straw. B. BINGHAM, Master.

Georgetown, Tuscola Co., July 10, 1881.

Bro. Cobb :— Worthy ;S'ec'3/ .'—Silver Creek
Grange, No. 644, still holds the fort. Altho’
a ltttle cloud somewhat obscures our horizon
at present, yet, no doubt, it has a. silver
lining, and will soon be dispelled. Brother
Whitney visited us at our last meeting,
July 13. but owing to some misunderstand-
ing his coming was unannounced, so that
when he arrived at our place of meeting,
instead of finding a full house, he found
only a few faithful workers who had as-
sembled for a regular Grange meeting,
However, we were very glad to see him, as
we sorely needed just such useful hints and
instruction as he knows so well how to give.
VVe hope he may sometime favor us with a
lecture under more favorable circumstances.
We had two more applications for member-
ship at our last meeting. We expect soon
to send through the Grange to Bro. Stage-
man for our first bill of goods.

Yours fraternally, L. A. s.

Manton, July 20, 1881.

St Joseph County Grange, No. 4.

Worihy Secretary .-——I send you the report
of Lecturer James Yauney of Grange No.
76, as made at the last meeting of St. Joseph
County Grange, held at Centreville, July 7.
at which time we had a good meeting and
discussed the questions: How and when it
is best to apply manure‘? The currant
worm and how to destroy it; The subject
of taxation and what should be taxed, and
a committee was appointed on it. A resolu-
tion covering the request of the Secretary
of State, Jenny, that Subordinate Granges
make selections of suitable persons to make
monthly crop and stock reports was adopted.
Some argued that crop reports were all in
the interest of boards of trade.

Our next meeting will be held at Centre-
vllle on the first Thursday in August, (the
4th,) at which time all Patrons are invited.
'l‘he County Grange will hold a Harvest
Home picnic at V'aughn’s grove near Colon,
Saturday, August 13, at which time Brother
Charles E. Mickley will address the crowd,
and we hope to have you come down and
bring all your friends along, not forgetting
Sister Cobb, and we will try and have some
fun with you, and, perhaps, have some one
to take your hat, as at the Cathedral in
Montreal, so that you cannot leave until
church is out.

The army worm is on the oats, grass, and
corn. On the corn there is a fly which is
eating the silk, and a large worm, three
inches long, inside of the husk. What
next? WM. B. LANGLEY.

Centreville, July 21, 1881.

A FRENCH engineer, M. Mongey, has
proposed a system of distributing cold air
through pipe lines to private consumers.
which is attracting considerable curious
attention. Some such system has been
suggested before, but the one under consid-
eration differs from it in the fact that the
projector proposes to compress the air to a
greater degree (five or six atmospheres), and
to cool it before sending it through, the
pipes to the various points of distribution.
At these points the opening of a cock, by
allowing the air to escape and expand, will
distribute throughout cellars, living apart-
ments, or wherever else it may be needed, a
pure cold air, capable of preventing fer-
mentation or putrefaction of organic mat-
ters, and of rendering the atmosphere of
stores, manufactories or dwelling houses
refreshing during the most sultry days of
summer. The air thus compressed may
also be used, like steam, as a motive power.
The proposed mode of distribution is essen-
tially the same as that lately employed for
conducting heat to distant consumers by
the defunct Milwaukee Steam Supply Com-
pany.

IN the United States circuit court at Little
Rock, Arkansas, Judge McCleary recently
rendered an important decision on the right
of express companies, and through them
having a wideinfluence. In conclusion the
judge says :

A railroad company is bound to carry for
an express company for a reasonable com-
pensation, and must not discriminate against
it. Acourt of chancery has the power to
decree a compliance with this wholesome
regulation. The cdirt cannot for a moment
sanction a proposition of the railroad com-
pany which may be extortion or unjust
discrimination which excludes an express
company from the right to conduct its busi-
ness upon a railroad. I am not prepared
now to fix the maximum rates to be charged
for the transportation of express matter, but
I have no doubt of the ability of the lower
court, after investigating, to do so.—Spi?rz't
of Kansas.

SOME months ago the farmers of Iowa
held a convention to protest against what
they styled the “ barbed wire monopoly.”
The convention was presided over by the
Governor of the State. A committee was
appointed to wait on the owner of the
patent barbed wire fences, and see if it was
not possible to obtain some compromise
with him. This, however, has resulted in
failure, and a Granger war is promised in
consequence. A Farmers’ Anti-Barb-wire
Fence Association has been organized in
Iowa, with 9. capital of $100,000. and the
whole question will be thoroughly fought
in and out of the courts. There are said to
be more than 200,000 persons interested in

the movement in Iowa.

7

Euuiha’ Eepaitment.

There was once a little maiden,
They called her " Honey Nellie,”
VVho pounds of sugar saved her folks
When they were making jelly ;
For her smile had so much sweetness
That the currants and gooseberries,
If she but smiled upon them once,
Turned sweet as ripest cherries.
—- W'ide-Au-a/re.

PLANTING TREES.

A man of eighty years was planting trees;
" Ha, ha ! ” laughed out three striplings from
the village.
“ Planting at eighty! Had his task been till-

age,

Or building houses, or augbt else you please,

The folly might have passed as less worth noting.
But——pla.nting trees ! He must indeed be doting l
Why, in the name of all that's odd, old neighbor,

What fruit can you expect to gather
From this ridiculous and thriftless labor E‘

You who are already a great grandfather ;
What! do you think to rival in his years
Methusalah ?—for shame. Do penance rather
For your past errors 2' Mourn your sins with tears I
Abandon hopes and plans that so ill suit your

Age and gray hairs ! Give over looking wildly
Out through the vista of a boundless future !

All these are but for us, and such as we."

“They are not even for you," replied the old man
mildly.
“ Youth may be just as nigh eternity
As age. What though the pitfalls of existence
Be covered with flowers in lieu of snows,
Who shall foremeasure the brief distance
Between this dim dream’s birth and close 1'
The winged bolts of death are swift to strike
Life in its growing as decline,-
The pallid Parcae play their game alike
With your days as with mine.
Who, which of us four shall be the one
To gaze last on the glory of the sun?
Molest me not, then. Leave me to enjoy
The hours that remain to me. I love
To think my great grandchildren will enjoy
The shade and shelter of this embryo grove.
Meantime I live, and breathe, and I may even
Share, for some years to come, the gifts of heaven.
Alas I even I may see the morning light
Shine more than once, young men, upon your
graves I ”

The old man spoke a truth which time revealed:—
Boating, soon after, on a stormy night,
One of these youths was buried in the waves-
A second was cut off upon the battle field-
The third fell ill and in four fleeting weeks
His bier was dressed in death’s pale plumes.
So died the three thus early fated l
And, while the tears rolled down his cheeks,
The old man sculptured on their tombs
The story I have here narrated.
— Translated from Lafo7ituine.

Uncle Nine's Correspondents.

Uncle Nine .-—Papa. has taken the GRANGE
VISITOR. ever since it has been printed. I
read the Youth's Department and poetry
first. I am fourteen, and have joined the
Grange. I like it very much. I went to
school until my mother was taken sick, then
I did all the work. I studied Reading,
Spelling, Arithmetic, History of the United
States, Orthography, Writing and Gram-
mar. I wish more of the young folks would
write. I will close or I will crowd some of

«my cousins. Your niece,

BELLE l\Iii.LEB.
Litchfield, Mich., July 11, 1881.

Uncle Nine .-—Here I am with you once
more,dear Uncle and cousins,and heartily I
enjoy the privilege. I would like to take a
peep at Sweet Bria!‘ when she .~its in pen-
sive thought studying those unfathomable
pages of Shakespeare and Pope. I am a
great lover of poetry and romance, and
sometimes I read something more solid. I
am not much acquainted with the writers
you speak of except Augusta J. Evans and
Charles Dickens. I do not see what people
can find about Dickens to admire.
Will Carlton and John Greenleaf Whittier
are among my favorite poets. What is
more beautiful than Whittier's Maud Mul-
ler, Barbara Frietchie, and the Older Mill?
Can any of our cousins give us a sketch of
the discovery of electricity and its benefits
to the world‘? I have in my possession a
newspaper printed in the year 1800, and
trimmed in mourning for the death of
George Washington. If Uncle will permit,
I will send an extract on the burial of
George Washington for the Youths’ Depart-
ment. If Nettie Gifford would like I will
send some pretty specimens from the Grand
Rapids Plaster mines.

MYRTLE W.

Grand Rapids, Mich., July 11, 1881.

Dear Uncle Nine.-—I am so much inter-
ested in the Youths’ Department that I
thought I would write you a letter. I am
12 years old and in two more years I hope
to become a member of the Grange. My
Pa and Ma are both Grangers ; they belong
to Gilead Grange, N o. 400. I will try
and answer Hattie Cole's questions. I
think the seven wonders of the world are
the Pyramids of Egypt; the temple, walls,
and hanging gardens of Babylon ; the Chry-
selephantine statue of Jupiter Olympus ;
the temple of Diana at Ephesus, which was
220 years in building, and was 425 feet in
length by 220 in breadth, and its roof was
supported by 117 marble columns of the
Ionic Order, 60 feet in height; the Mausole-
um at Halicarnassus, erected to the memory
of Mausolas, king of Carla, by his wife,
Artemesia, 354 years B. C. ; the Pharos at
Alexandria, a lighthouse erected by Ptole-
my Sotes, 450 feet high and seen at a dis-
tance of 100 miles; and, lastly, the Colossus
at Rhodes, a brazen image of Apollo, 105
Grecian feet in height. I will send you a
puzzle: I am composed of seven letters;

My first is in stone but not in stick,

My second is in eat but not in dog,

My third is in’ girl but not in boy,

My fourth is in line but not in mark,

My fifth is in rain but not in snow,

My sixth is in hay but not in corn,

My seventh is in well but not in spring,

My whole is the name of a river in Michi-
gan.

Well, I must close, as I fear I am taking
too much space. Uncle Nine, if you think
this worthy of notice and don't throw it in
the waste basket, I will write again.

I am truly your niece,
' BUTTERCUP.
Gilead, Mich., July 12, 1881.

Dear Uncle Nine .-—-May I have the pleas-
ure of entering the column of cousins and
sister Grangers? I joined the Grange the
first of May, and have enjoyed it very
much. My father died last November, and

 

mother has the care of a large farm of 150
acres. She is very anxious to sell it. We
live about two miles from the village, but I
think we have a very pleasant place. I
have been down to Nettie Glfi“ord's, and I
think she has a nice collection of minerals.
I have a very few but expect to have more. I
think I have the correct answers to Ephie
Gardner's questions. " And " occurs in
the New Testament 10,864 times. The mid-

V dle verse in the New Testament is found in

the 17th chapter of Acts and is the 17th
verse. I would like to ask my cousins what
two chapters in the Old Testatament are
alike? Also, what verse in the Old Testa-
ment contains all the letters of the alphabet‘?
Your niece and Sister Granger,
LULA E. BAILEY.
Royalton, July 11 1881.

Uncle Nine :——In my collection of curiosi-
ties there is a stone composed of white mica,
and a fine red powder that leaves a brick-
colored stain. I am anxious to learn the
proper name of this, and would be very
thankful to anyone who will tell me.
I have some Florida Moss that is hung
upon the wall and is grow_mg. Also, moss
from Oregon, that I put in water to make
it spread and then fasten it on card board.
It makes a very pretty picture.

“Sweet Briar ” asks my opinion in re-
gard to young men. My acquaintance is
not extensive, but I have never seen one,
who, when addressed sensibly, would not
answer equally so. I send you a puzzle
composed of eleven letters:

My first is in good, but not in bad.

My second is in girl, but not in lad.

My third is in answer, but not in question.

My fourth is in soldier, but not in veteran.

My fifth is in carriage, but not in phzeton.

My sixth is in Granger, but not in Patron.

My seventh is in fresh, also in stale.

My eighth is in story, also in tale.

My ninth is in trouble. also in sorrow.

My tenth is not in to-day, but is in to-
morrow.

My eleventh is in chicken, also in eep.

My whole is something my father eeps.

As I have “ridden the goat” successfully,

I am, yours fraternally,
NE'r'riE GIFFORD.
Royalton, Vt., July 17, 1881.

THE REAPER, DEATH.

ARNOLD—At the regular meeting of Wyoming
Grange, No. 353. held at their hall at Grandville,
Kent Co., July 9, 188i, the following preamble and

‘ resolutions were unanimously adopted:

WHEREAS, We, the members of Wyoming Grange,
having learned of the sudden and painful decease of
our much esteemed Secretary and beloved Sister
COBNELIA M. AENOLD, who left us a few weeks since
in perfect health for a visit to relatives and friends
in Ohio, and who by a terrible accident has been
taken from our midst ; and wishing to express our
great sorrow for this event and also to show our
sympathy to Brother ARNOLD and others of her rela-
tives, therefore ;

Resolved, That in Sister AnNoLn’s death Brother
ARNOLD, the community and the Grange have lost a
devoted wife, a dear friend and a loving sister, as
well as a. faithful co-laborer and efficient officer.

Resolved, That our words are not adequate to ex-
press our feelings of grief for this afilicting dispensa-
tion of Divine Providence, yet we humbly acknowl-
edge : His hand ruleth over all.

Resolved, That our Charter and Secretary's desk be
draped in mourning for ninety days, and that within
that time a memorial service shall be held at the
hall of VVyoming Grange in memory of our departed
sister, such service to be prepared by a committee
appointed by the Worthy Master on such day as
shall be hereafter specified.

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be sent
to the GRANGE Vrsri-ca and the Agricultural W orld
for publication, and a copy,nnder seal of‘ the Grange,
be presented to Brother ABNOLD, also that the Secre-
tary be instructed to spread the same at large upon
the records of the Grange.

Mas. E. G. D. HOLDEN,
" J oHN Ponriin,
“ R. E. DAv1s,
Committee.

BLANCHARD-—WI1EBEAs, The Great Master in
His all wise providence has removed by death from
the family circle of our esteemed and worthy Brother
and Sister MARLIN and ABBY BLACHABD a kind and
loving mother. whose death they deeply mourn, and

WnEEEAs, Bound together as we are by the fra-
ternal ties of brotherhood ’tis meet that we should
sorrow with those of our fraternity who are thus af-
flicted; therefore,

Resolved, That this Grange extend to our afiiicted
and sorrowing sister and brother that sympathy
which flows from hearts that feel for other’s woes.

Resolved, That these resolutions be entered upon
our record, and a copy be sent to our afflicted friends
and to the GRANGE Visiroa for publication.

A. PARKER,
HELEN BOWMAN,
SARAH SHEFFIELD.

Johnstown, July 14, 1881. Committee.

A. VANDENBERG,

MANU FACTU RER,
WnoLEsALE AND RETAIL DEALEn IN

HARNESS, WHIPS, BLANKETS, TRUNKS, &c.,

92 Monroe Street,

GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

I take pleasure in presentingto your favorable con-
sideration my CASH PRICE LIST of Harness Work
—HAN D MADE-—all of my own manufacture, and
also to return thanks for the liberal patronage I have
received from the different Granges throughout Mich-
igan. I shall do in the future as in the past—-furnish
the best goods for the least money.

Farm Harness, White Trimmed Breeching,
Round Lines, Snaps, Rum Straps, and
spread rings, complete, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..829 00

The same without Breeching, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 26 00

“ “ with fiat Lines, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28 00

“ 4‘ “ “ “ without breeching,.. 26 00
Double Light Buggy Harness, white trimmed,

from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..825 to 30 00

The same, Nickle Trimmed. from .... "835 to 60 00

Single Buggy Harness, with round lines, white
trimmed. ..... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1300

Same with flat lines . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 00

Nickle Trimmed, . . . . . . .815, 816, 818, 320 and 25 00

ALL ORDERS RECEIVED UN DEB SEAL OF
THE GRANGE
will be shipped at once, and may be returned at my
expense if not entirely satisfactory.
Address all orders to
Yours very respectfully,
A. VAN DENBERG,

92 Mormon Srninir. Ginxn B.Arn>s.

FENNO & MANNING,

llllllll COMMISSION MEBl3HllllS,

117 li‘ederal St., Boston.
consignments solicited and call Advances lads.

TRANSPORTATION FREE l

READY lVllX—ED PAINTS,

Paris Green and London Purple.

The use of Ready Mixed Paints is now almost
universal. The public, during the last few years,
have learned from practical tests that a Paint thor-
oughly ground and mixed by machinery, in appro-
priate colors, ready for immediate use upon the
opening of a package, is more economical, and
gives better satisfaction than Paints mixed by hand
in small quantities, and colored by a novice.

THE PATRONS’ PAINT WORKS
MANUFACTURE
]llGBRSOLL’8 READY MIXED PAINTS,

and sell them EXCLUSIVELY to

Patrons of Husbandry.

These Paints were among the very first of their
kind put upon the market, and they have been sold
throughout the United States upon their merits for
many years.

Our Prices for 1881 are more ilberal than
ever. Send for our Book, with Sample Color
Cards and Brush Patterns.

“Every Man his own Painter” Mailed Free.
Address,
/l. M. //VGE/i’v$’0U'.

PROPRIETOR.

New York City.
6 mo

162 South St., - -

1 AMERICAN MSANUATLR
PARLIAMENTARY

L AW.

Is recognized by the leading parliamentarians of the
land as the most complete, concise and systematic
work on the modern practice. Every citizen of this
republic should have a copy.

It has received strong testimonials from Samuel
E. Adams, Past Master of the National Grange ; Sen-
ator Ferry, ex-Vice~President of the U. S., and from
the chief executive officer of the following and other
fraternal organizations, viz : Knights of Honor.
Knights and Ladies of Honor, Knights of Pythias,
Royal Arcanum, Foresters, Grand Army of the Re-
public, Knights Templar, A. O. W., R. T. of T.,
I. O. G. ’I‘., A. J.O. K. S. B., I. O. B. B., etc.

Circular of Testimonials sent on application. Prices
(by mail, prepaid), cloth, 50 cents ; plain leather, 75
cents ; leather tucks, $1.

Address, stating where you saw this advertisement,

GEORGE T. FISH,
42 Arcade, Rochester, N. Y.

AN EIGHT PAGE, FORTY COLUMN PAPER,
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF AGRI-
CULTURE IN ALL ITS BRANCHES.

CHEAPEST PATEB PUBLISHED l

Many of the ablest farmers and writers of Western
Michigan are regular contributors to the World and
Homestead. The series of articles now running, en-
titled “ Farmers’ Relation to Law,” being an exhaus-
tive treatise of the law of highways, titles, fences,
drainage, estrays. patent-rights, etc., etc., are well
worth five times the subscription price of the paper.

The Grange interests and Grange news form I
special feature, and are at all times fully represented.

The Home Department is in the hands of a prac-
tical housekeeper, and is car-efu‘ly and ably con-
ducted.

Its market reports are fuller and more reliable
than can be found in any other paper published in
Western Michigan.

TERMS.——8l.50 per year ; trial trip (three months)
for 25 cents (eight three-cent stamps).

Subscriptions can commence at any time. Send
stamp for sample copies. Address,

F. M. CARROLL it 00.,

25 CANAL Srnnirr, — — GRAND RAPIDS, Mxon.

N. B.—The Agricultural World and G-RANGE V13-
ITOB both one year for $1.50.

 ‘VSIBRATORWHABROW.

Wanted.

Cuts Six. Eight and Ten Feet.

Best Harrow made. Cuts every inch of ground,
and adapted to all kinds of soil. Peculiar shape of
tooth makes it easy of draft, and leaves the ground
light and mellow. Relieves itself of all obstructions.
Bundled very compact for shipment.

PHELPS & BIGELOW W.M. C0.,
Kalamazoo, Mich.

PRIGE LIST OF SUPPLIES
Kept in the omce or the secretary of the
MICHIGAN STATE GRANGE,

And lent out Post Paid. on Receipt of Cash Order,
over the seal of a Subordinate Grange, and the
signature of its Master or Secretary.

Porcelain Ballot Marbles, ‘per hundred, . . . . . . . . 76
Blank Book, ledger ruled, or Secretary to keep
accounts with members, . . . . . _ . _ , , , , _ _ , , , _ _ _ 1 00
Blank Record Books, (Egpress paid), . . . . . . . . . . 00
Order Book, containing 1 Orders on the Treas-
urer, with stub, well bon.ud,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Receipt Bbok, containing 109 Receipts from
Treasurer to Secretary, with stub, well bound, 60
Blank Receipts for clues, per 100, bound, . . . , . . . 50
A plications for Membership, per 100,. . .. . . .... 50
ember~s‘l:’i5 Gin-ds,per l00,.......  ....  50
Withdra Cards,perdoa.,.................., 25
Diinits, in envelo , per doz., ............... . . 26
By-Laws of the tats Grange, single copies l0c,
per doz.,.....       75
By-Laws, bound, .... ...............-.......
" Glad Echoes," with music, Single copy 15 etc
perdoz._, ..... ...........................
Bituals,suigleeopy,........ _
“ dos.,........ .... ... ......... .,
Blank “ ‘cles of Association" for the Ineoi-pr»
ration of Subordinate , with Copy of
Chartm-,alleomplete,.............. ........ ._
Notice to Delinquent Members, per 100, ...... _ _
Declaration of Purposes, per doa, 5c.; pai-
hundred, .................. . . . ........... . .
American Manual of Parliamentary Law. . . . .
u u u u u (Ho_
roeco Tuck.) .......................... . .
Address of J. J. Woodman before the Nation-
al Grange—per dozen ........ . .. ........ ..
Address of Thos. K. Beeoher—per dozen.. . . . .
Digest of Law sand Rulings, ..... . . . ....... . .

Address, J. ‘I’. COBB.
Sac’! Mic?’ In-An Gannon.
SCHOOLCRAFT. HICK-

$3§' S SS

.44-your


,,,;<~-   

.«
.-

snn ensues rssiroa.

AUGUST 1, 1881.

(Continued from Fifth Page.)
personal attention to them while there, to
make them feel at home, and interest them
in the meeting and the great Order it rep-
resents.

0151-: '1‘HING- YOU SHOULD no,
is to have several good canvassers for the
GRANGE VISITOR at each meeting. Have
each well supplied with specimen copies,
“Declaration of Purposes,” circulars, &c., to
show every one, and take the subscriptions
then and there, for a year if you can, or for
six months; and failing in this, be sure to
have every outsider take it three months.
The taking of subscriptions to the Visrron
may be done at any meeting, even camp-
meeting. We know of two brothers who
together got sixty subscribers at an auction.
Have a sample copy with you and show it,

and ask for a subscription and you will get

it for some length of time.

These meetings will be a good time to
secure a renewal for a longer time from those
who have had the VISITOR three months.
All that is usually needed is to remind the
party of the subject and he will usually be
on hand to respond to your wishes.

» Sow SEED

in any way, and it will bring forth fruit in
due time. Besides VISITORS, Worthy Mas-
ters’ and Beecher’s addresses, have a good
supply of the “Grange Bulletin Extras” on
hand for distribution, and put all these into
the hands of those who are intelligent,
thinking farmers, that they may at their
leisure read the principles and plans of our
noble Order and the work it is doing. Such
literature will supplement the addresses
made at each meeting and refresh the mem-
ory of the listener.

Each Pomona and Subordinate Grange
about to have such meetings, should provide
for canvassers and the material for them to
use at these meetings.

Good preparation, followed by earnest at-
tention and action, must be productive of
good for all and to all who till soil, and
should show its products.

Let all, then, labor together earnestly,
with good plans well carried out, and await
the good results that must follow.

Our whereabouts.

Having broken up housekeeping for the
present, our chief address will be at Mar-
shall, Box 321, from which place or from
Muskegon our mail will be duly forwarded
to us.

Our appointments for August are as
follows:

Aug. 1-VVells county, Ind.

Aug. 2—Jay county, Ind.

Aug. 3—Red Key, Randolph county, Ind.

Aug. 4—Boone county, Ky. — Harvest
Home Picnic. '

Aug. 5—Pendleton county, Ky.-picnic.

’Aug. 6—Cincinnati, Ohio—mail addressed
us there at No. 148 West Fourth street, care
of “ Bulletin,” will reach us.

Aug. ll-—Mt. Holly, Burlington county.
N. .T., which will be followed by 10 or more
meetings in New Jersey. After Aug. 10
letters addressed to us in the care of I. W.
Nicholson, Camden, N. J ., will reach us.

NOTICES OF MEETINGS.

Bro. J. T. Cobb.-— Madison Grange, No.
384, will dedicate their new hall Thursday,
August 11, at 10 o’clock A. M. A general in-
vitation is extended to all. Come out and
see us, Brother Cobb, on that occation.

EDWARD BEALS.

Adrian, July 18, 1881. .

Van Buren Co. Grange holds its August
meeting at Covert August 4, and its annual
picnic in the the grove north of Lawrence,
August 18. Good program, good time. Let
all come. C. B. CHARLES, Sec’y.

Bangor, July 14, 1881.

A meeting of the St. Jo. County Grange
will be held at Centerville, Thursday, Aug.
4. All 4th degree members are invited.

I CHAS. W. SHELDON, Sec’y.

Burr Oak, July 23, 1881.

The next quarterly meeting of Kalama-
zoo County Pomona Grange will be held at
Montour Grange hall at Scotts, the 18th day
of August. The time from 1.} till 2% P. M.
will be devoted to public discussion of the
topics enumerated in the program, for
which see notice of Lecturer. All farmers
interested in the discussion are cordially
invited. Z. O. DURKEE, Sec’y.

Galesburg, July 26, 1881.

The next meeting of Kent Co. Grange
will be held at Grand Rapids August 10, at
10 A. M. A cordial invitation is extended to
all fourth degree members to attend and
take part in the discussions.

E. H. STILES,
Lect. Kent Co. Grange.

Bowen, July 25, 1881.

The next meeting of Western Pomona
Grange, No. 19, will be held at the hall of
Trent Grange, N o. 372, Muskegon County,
on Thursday and Friday, August 25 and 26},
1881. All fourth degree members are invi-
ted to attend. W. F. KELLY, Sec’y.

Berlin, Ottawa Co. J ulv 26, 1881.

The Order of P. of H. hold their annual
county picnic at Lawrence, on the _18th of
August. Bro. C. E. Mickley will give the
address. T. R. HARRISON, Ch. Co. Com.

Paw Paw, July 27, '81.

The sixth annual picnic of the Patrons of
Husbandry of Oceana county will be held
on the old fair grounds north of Shelby,
August 11. 1881. The address will be deliv-
ered by C. E. Mickley, of Adrain. Music
will be provided. The dinner will be on
the Basket Plan. It is hoped that all Pa-
trons in this vicinity will be present, and as
many others as can make it convenient.

Gno C. MYERS.
Sec’y Oceana Pomona Grange.

The following is the program of the Har-
vest Festival of the Branch Pomona Grange,
to be held with Union Grange on the 16th
of August next, commencing at 10 o’clock,
A. M.

“ Inter~State commerce,— our rights and
duties.” --J. G. Parkhurst, of Coldwater
Grange.

“In what branches of Agriculture can
the farmers of Michigan best compete
with the farmers of the great VVest?”-—
J. H. Jones, of Quincy Grange.

“ The social position of the 1armer’s fami-
ly—-what it is and what it should be.”—Mrs.
M. S. Palmer, of Girard Grange.

“Thinkers and toilers.”-—C. G. Luce, of
Gilead Grange.

;_‘,_“ The Grange,—its relations to our moral
development.”—Ge0rge Russell, of Girard
Grange.

Paper of suggestions for the good of the
Order.——-Albert \Varner,of Quincy Grange.

By invitation, a paper of gleaniiigs by the
Lecturer of Branch Pomona Grange, of his
recent European trip.

A song by the members of the Coldwater
Grange.

Plenty of music will be interspersed in
the exercises. A cordial invitation is ex-
tended to all members of the Order in this
and adjoining counties.

H. D. PESSELL, Lecturer.

Quincy, July 18, 1881.

GRANGE FAIR.

I wish to announce through the columns
of the VISITOR that Acme and Northwest
Granges will hold their annual local fair on
\Vednesday and Thursday, Sept. :28 and 29,
1881. Anyone wishing to visit our fair
will find our fair grounds in the extreme
southwest corner of Hillsdale county. On
the second day, the 29th. Bro.Chas. E. Mick-
ley, and other good speakers, will be in
attendance, Our lair last year was a success,
notwithstanding the inclemeucy of the
weather. The number of entries made in
the several departments were beyond all
expectations. Although our crops are not
all as promising as last year, no pains will
be spared in making arrangements for a
good fair. Each and every one is cordially
invited to attend. H. BEIGHEY, Sec’y.

South Camden, Mich.

FARM FOR SALE.

A rare chance to buy a farm of 240 acres,
two miles south of the city of Grand Rapids,
Mich., embracing a variety of soils; 200
acres under cultivation; well fenced and
watered; two bearing orchards; large barns,
Stock and storage sheds, horse barn and all
other suitable farm buildings, all upon stone
foundations; sound and conveniently ar-
ranged; suitable for stock-breeding, dairy,
milk, or general farm purposes; Large, two-
story frame farm-house; large cement bot-
tomed cellar and milk-rooms, also a modern
brick dwelling. Title perfect—purchase
direct from Government: no encumbrances.
Price, $100 per acre—Sl0,000 down, balance
on time to suit purchaser. Will sell with
the farm, if desired, all the stock, teams,
tools, implements and machinery, includ-
ing four horses, 10 cows, young cattle, steam
engine, threshing machine, feed mill, etc.,
etc., etc. Everything in good condition.
Can be seen and examined, with crops on
the ground, at any time. Reason for selling,
age and declining health of the proprietor,
J. C. Rogers. For further particulars, en-
quire on the premises or apply to DENNIS
L. ROGERS, Attorney at Law, 28 Canal St.
(Twamley block), Grand Rapids, Mich.

Alabasline

Is the only preparation based on the
proper principles to constitute a durable
finish for walls, as it is not held on the wall
with glue, etc., to decay, but is a Stone Ce-
ment that hardens with age, and every ad-
ditional coat Strengthens the wall. Is ready
for use by adding hot water, and easily ap-
plied by anyone.

Fifty cents’ worth of ALABASTINE will
cover -50 square yards of average wall with
two coats: and one coat will produce better
work than can be done with one coat of any
other preparation on the same surface.

For sale by paint dealers everywhere.
Send for circular containing the twelve
beautiful tints. Manufactured only by AL-
ABASTINE Co.

M. B. CHURCH. Manager,
juyl-tf. Grand Rapids, Mich.

To the Patrons of Michigan.

A large and growing trade is now being
carried on at our co-operative store in Alle-
gan, and under the management of Bro. A.
Stelzeman, it is rapidly gaining a reputation
not excelled, if equalled, by any other store
in the State ; and for this success we are
greatly ‘indebted to him for his zeal and un-
tiring energy in man aging its business trans-
actions. Therefore to offer these facilities to
all Patrons wishing to purchase through our
agency, the executive committee of the co-
operative association have made such ar-
rangements that our agent will flll orders

for goods from all parts of the State.
For further in formation,address A. STEGE»
MAN, Allegan, Mich.
J. S. BIDWELL,
Sec. of C. A. of P. of H.

ONE CENT PER BUSHEL

Is my commission for selling wheat by the car load,

FOR PATRONS.
“Price current” mailed to shippers daily.

Wholesale Agent for
“ 'I' E A '1' IlINIMENT- ”

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST OF

Elogers’ Platgad VV'a.re,
LOANED. 1'0 PATBONB.

I have made arrangements to supply the above goods
at wholesale prices, from the factory.

GEORGE W1 HILL,

SEED Ann COMMISSION MERCHANT,
and General Merchandise Broker.

80 Woodbridge St., West, DETROIT, MICK.
lnugtf < '

WISCONSIN

500,000 Acres  

ON THE LINE OF THE
VVISCONSIN CENTRAL R. R.
For full particulars, which will be sent free, address
CHARLES L. COLBY, Land Commissioner,
Milwaukee, Wis.

GREA-ii" BARGAIN.

On account of continued ill health, $8,000 will
buy my excellent

GRAIN AND STOCK FARM of 282 ACRES.
located 4 miles northeast of Dowagiac, one-half mile
north of the M. C. R. R. Terms 82,000 down, bal-
ance in 12 years ; payments to suit purchaser. Stock
and farming tools put in at a low price, if wanted.
If not sold before the first of November. will rent for
a term of years. For fuil particulars address

’ H. H. TAYLOR,
Dowagiac, Cass county, Mich.

a.ugl—lt

THE BUSINESS COLLEGE
AT KALAMAZO-9. MIGII.

IS THE BEST PLACE FOR

YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN

TO GET A THOROUGH
BUSINESS EDUCATION.

i§§’Send for College Record, giving full partic-
ulars.

President.

“HOMES IN TEXAS”

IS THE TITLE OF

A /VEW /LLUSTRATED P/WP//LE7,

Descriptive of the country along and tributary to
the line of the

INTERNATIONAL & GREAT NORTHERN R. R.,
and contains a. good county map of the State. It

also contains the names and addresses of Farmers
and Planters in Texas who have

FARMS FOR SALE OR RENT,
and those who will want Farm [lands for this
year. A copy of this book will be mailed tree to
those who desire reliable information about Texas,
upon application by letter or postal card to
ALLEN McCOY,

Gen’l Freight and Pass’r Agent, Palestine, Texas.
15jul-2t

Bindery Work I

MAGAZINES

—AND-—

BOOKS FOR RE-BINDING.

Now is an exceedingly favorable time
to secure the binding of Magazines,
Pamphlets, and similar accumulations.
Our bindery pays special attention to
this work, and parties sending or-
ders to us will have prompt attention.

Grange Records and Blanks, County,
Bank, Commercial Work, and esti-
mates made on all classes of Printing
and Binding.

The. Re-binding of School and
‘ Sunday School Libraries

is an important branch of our business.

Correspondence from Librarians, School Directors
and Business Men all over the country SOLICITEI).

KALAMAZOO PUBLISHING COMPANY.

Postoflice Block, KALAMAZ00.

ACME CREAMER
And Butter Cooler.

0
.A NEVV THING.
0

Saves Three Times its Cost in One Season.
0
NO ICE REQUIRED. somn BUTTER IN nos-
mvs, AND CREAMERY PRICES son IT.
Sweet Milk only 12 hours old for your Calves.

The Butter Cooler keeps your Butter solid in the
warmest weather.

§’ Sand for Circular and Price List.
MCCALL & DUNCAN,
SCIIOOLCRAFT, Mien.

junelfo-tf.

HEADUUARTBIIS FOR LAND PLASTIR

DAY & TAYLOR.

crandville, Mich.,

Are prepared to furnish LAND PLASTER, fresh
ground, at contract prices, made with the Executive
Committee of the State Grange.
A large stock on hand of pure, finely-ground
LAND PLASTER.
Send us your Orders direct.
janl—1y

DAY it TAYLOR

German Horse and Cow Powders.

This powder has been in use for many years. It
is largely used by the farmers of Pennsylvania, and
the Patrons of that State have bought over 100,000
pounds through their purchasing agents. Its compo-
sition is no secret. The receipt is on every box and
5-pound package. It is made by Dr. L. Oberholtzer’s
Sons J; Co.,_Phoenixville, Pa. t keeps stock healthy
and in good condition. It helps to digest and assimi-
late the food. Horses will do more work, with less
food while using it. Cows will give more milk and
be in better condition. It keeps poultry healthy, and
increases the production of eggs. It is also of great
value to them when moltiiig. 1: is sold at the lowest
wholesale rice by R. E. JAMES, KALAMAZOO,
GEO. W. ‘HILL J; 00.. 80 WOODBBIDGE S’l‘., DE-
noir. and J. M. CHAMBERS, 163 So. W_A'ri:n S12,
CHICAGO. Put up in 60-lb. boxes (loose), price Eion-r
Cnxrs per 1b.. 30-lb. boxes (of 6 6-11). packages. Trix
Cimrs per lb.

MOTHERS

afilicts MEN EVEN MORE THAN VVOMEN.

Mother, the overburdened Housewife, the Matron,
sustained by its Gentle Influence.
life-long practice, and its nine years

references and testimonials, on application to

& 00., Detroit.

It works in ONE LINE and in that line it excels.

R. P
KALAMAZOO. MICH.
Sold by Drugglsts generally and Lady Agents. Swift at Dodds, and Far:-and, Williams
Dior-rison. Pliiiiimer & C0,, Chicago-

HUSBANDS -o-9-rem» WIVES 1
or  DAUGHTERS!

SHOULD KNOW OF

DR. R. PENGELLY’S “WOMAN'S FRIEND,” IMPROVED!
It is a. SOV’EREIGN REMEDY’ for

Those Complaints (they need no naming) peculiar to WOMEN. YOUNG or OLD, NOT A CURE-
ALL, Claeminq to annihilate Jauiidice,Diabetes. Bright's Disease,

Gravel, and everything else which
The tender, Nervous Girl, the anxious, expectant

passing the critical change, are all guarded, soothed and
It is the prescription of an experienced Physician, perfected during 3
of public record, in 30 different States, have proved it rightly named -
A FRIEND INDEED TO WOMAN. The good words of those who
An 8-ounce ($1.00) bottle, or a 20-ounce ($2.00) bottle sent on receipt of price, express prepaid, also

use it are its best advertisement.

ENG-ELLY & CO..
(FORMERLY or PLAINWELL.)

all kinds of grain and grass seeds. The
draft than any other Harrow in the market.
wherever shown in 1880.

EVERY FARMER IN THE COUNTRY SHOULD EXAMINE THE

New Combined Spring Tooth Sulky I-Iarrow

CULTIVATOR AND SEEDER.

l\Irui ufactured by

THE SCIIAU 80 SCHUSTER SULKY
IIARROW AND SEEDER COMPANY,

Kalamazoo, - Michigan.

As a combined machine. it stands un-
rivalled in excellence, doing the work 0.
a. Harrow and Seed Sower most thorough-
ly and satisfactorily. It has taken high

_' rank at once as ONE OF THE VERY
; BEST Il\IPLEMENTS FOR THE USES

DESIGNED EVER INVENTED. Sows
Harrow does not trail, and is of lighter
It received fir-st premium and diplomas

THE CHAMPION

Seeds, Hardware, Watches,

‘IT-'H<O&fiAS

§"PATR0l\'S STATE BUSINESS AGENT.
SALE RATES on day of purchase. Terms strictly

SOMETHING ENTIRELY NEW!

BARBED WIRE

C)EI.EEI=R. ‘5?'(3'IJ'FI.

Barbed Wire, Dry Goods, Groceries,
Clocks, Plated Ware, &c., &c.

In Fact, Everything You Want, of Your State Business Agency.

Sewing Machines, Scales,

mason,

Commission Merchant, 181 South VVa.tex' Street, Chicago, III.
N. B.——All goods bought on your order at WHOLE-

cash.

PATRONS, TRY ME,
And Judge for Yourselves.

The MILL

Stands without a rival in asserting grain and seeds.
Separates and grades grain and seeds of all kinds;
cleans perfectly; has six fans, is simple, runs easily,
and works rapidly. Agitator in hopper, with lever
and ratchet for regulating feed. The sieves are well
made of coppered and annealed wire cloth; other
parts of the most durable material. The Eureka is
the only mill in America that makes

I
Four complete Separations on two
Sieves at one operation.

It separates cockle, chess, mustard, redroot, dock,
or any other small seed from your wheat; making
one grade of seed wheat, taking the shrunk and
cracked wheat out and cleaning it for market at the
same time, besides putting the small foul seeds that
‘may be in the grain perfectly clean by itself, also the
cockle and chess by itself. The Eureka does all of
this in running the grain ones through the mill. One
dollar in cash will be given for every cockle_or chess
that can be found in the seed wheat after being once
run through the mill when properly adgusted. This
mill was awarded the highest medal at Philadelphia
in 1876, also at the last two State fairs of Michigan.

Manufactured by
HENRY CORTRITE,

For terms to Patrons address Lansing. Mich-

T. J. SHOEMAKER,
Sec’y 637, Mt. Clemens, Mich.

A. l.-. LAKEY & BIGELOW.
Kalamazoo Paint and lining Warts,

Manufacturers of

MIXED PAINTS. ROOFING MATERIAL, 818.,

—-Am) DnAr.nizs IN —

All Kinds of Painters’ Goods,
AT WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.

0
PLEASE CALL AND SEE OUR STOCK AT

52 and 54 NORTH BURDIGK STREET.

K_ALAMAzoo, M1011.

Plymouth Books

—AND -

Partridge Cochins!

My Plymouth Rocks
are from Keefer’s noted
strain ; my Partridge
Cochins are from
Pierce’s prize- win-
ning, strain. Weaned
Chickens for sale
in early Summer.

‘ gs in season.
Send for Circular to

nk Wilde, C0fl1lerville,lllcl1.

a.prl5,8r.n

CLOTHES ‘WASHER.

‘VB are prepared to furnish our justly Celebrated
CLOTHES WASHERS in large numbers.
We have been unable, until lately, to supply the in-

creasing demand. The Washer is now in successful
operation in more thfii a hundred families in this
vicinity, and its merits are fully established.
SCHOOLCRAFT WASHER C0.
Schoolcraft, June 28th, 1881. julyl-ti

THE 5 - TON

WAGON SCALES.

A‘i2E SOLD FOR $60.

All W1 and Steel. Sold on trial——freight paid by
us——no money asked till tested and found satisfac-
tory. All sizes manufactured.

JONES OF BINGHAMPTON,
Binghainpton. N. Y.
Send for Circulars and further particulars.

. PAW PAW, Mich., May 18th, 1878.
Jonas or Brnommroxz

My Scales give entire satisfaction. I have subject-
ed it to the most severe tests and find it not only
correct in weighing large or small amounts, but

perfectly reliable.
Yours, Fraternally,

[Signed] J. J. WOODMAN.
3 in— lyr

PAINT for PATBONS.

THE BEST AND CHEAPEST.
Immense Reduction in Prices from April 15, I881.
FREIGHT FREE. ’

[luarterman’s |leady—Mixed Paints.

Used by Patrons all Over the Land.
Q.U'AR'I'ERMAN’S GUIDE TO PAINTING

WITH SAMPLE COLORS SENT FREE TO ANY PATRON.
K§”Send for our Price: before purchasing else-

where. Address
E. A. QUARTERMAN,
159 South Street, New York City.

PRICE LIST OI‘

HORSE_ NETS.

Nets made of l6—thread twine, full net, body,
neqk and ear tips, by the dozen, each $1.10. Sixty
days time. Ten per cent. of} for cash. '

Body Nets, reaching to the homes, by the dozen,
each 75 cents.

Nets made of 20-thread twins, 9. small advance
on above prices. ,

I will send one dozen nets or more at above prices.
to any Grange, and those not sold can be returned at

my expense.
JOSEPH SHAW.

Charlotte, Mich.
Orders under Seal of G-rouge promptly attended to-

may15-6m

E