*.4__

 
    

“ THE FARMER IS OF MORE CONSEQUENCE THAN THE FARM, AND SHOULD BE FIRST IMPROVED.”

VoL. 7,—No. 22.
WHOLE No. 126.

1’ [Printed by Kalamazoo Publishing Co.}

SCHOOLCRAFT, MICH., NOVEMBER 15, 1881.

iliour SUBSCRIPTION
lwill Expire with No.

Entered at the Post Ollice at Schoolcratt
as Second Class matter.

Eh» ®l5mig£ diiailmc

Published on the First and Fifteenth of
every month,

AT FIFTY GENTS PER ANNUM,-

Eleven Copies for 85.00.

J. T. COBB, Editor and Manager,‘

To whom all communications should be addressed,
at Schoolcraft, Mich.

Communications for, and Correspondence relating
to the Agricultural Department of the Gannon Vis-
rron, should be directedto A. C. Gmnnnx, Paw Paw.

Remittances should be by Registered Letter, Money
Order. or Draft.

INDEX TO THIS NUMBER.

Compensation -1 Wonder Why—The Fertilit of
Sandy Soils—Pay as you Go—The American cri-
no—Percentage of Wool to Weight of Ca.rcass—-
Horse Stable Floors— Hen Manure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Annual Address of Worthy Master Woodman .. . . 2

The Middleman in his Highest Development—Trip-
let Maxims —The Farmer and the Railroads-The
Texas Cow—Advertisements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

The Vrsrroa for 1882-Special olIer—Ths Executive
Committee’s Circular and the Newspapers — The
World Moves and so Does the Michigan Farmer-
The Death of L. E. Taylor—We Can't Do it-—-
Michigan State Grange, Ninth Session — The
The Railroad Commissioner—The Ladies’ Depart-
ment—-Railroad Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4

Reply from the Railroad Commissioner-—-Work for
State Masters —-Go to the State Grange——Grange
Relief Fund—Postofice Life Insurance in England.
Patrons’ Aid Society of Michigan—Notices of
Meetings—A.n Imaginary Visit to the Editor-A
Reply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‘.. . 5

Saxon Grit —Letter from London——How are we and
the Communit at Large Benefited by the Grange
Movement ?—l§zrom a new C-orrespondent—Is the
Graug-; Dead ‘r — Training She herd Dogs — A
Meeting
Plan with Poultry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Love and Vegetables — Hired IIelp—Nohody—On
Laughing—Advice to Boys—The‘ Reaper Death-
Advertisements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Advertisements . . . . . . . . . s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Officers National Grange.

MA8'r3B——J. J. WOODMAN,. . .Paw Paw, Michigan.

Ovnasxsa—-PUT. DARDEN, ......... . .Mississippi.
Lac'runns—HENRY ESHBAUGH, .... ..Missonri.
S’.l‘EWARD—A. J. VAUGHN, .......... . .Mississippi.
Assr. STEWAED-WILLIAM SIMS, . . . . . . ..Kansas.
CEAPI.AIN—S. H. EL.LIS, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Ohio.
TREA8UBEB—F. M. MCDOWELL, .... ..New York.
Sxcan'rn.v—WM. M. IRELAND, Washington, D.C.
Gum-Kansas--0. DINWIDDIE, . . . . . . . ..IndJ'ana.
Cxass—MBS. J. J. WOODMAN, . . . . . . ..Michigan.
PoxoxA—-MRS. PUT. DARDEN, .... ..Mississippi.

FI.0BA—MRS. I. W. NICEIOLSON,...New Jersey.
Lanr Assr. S'rxwA.s.n——MB.S. WM. SIMS, Kansas.

Executive committee-

D. WYATT AIKEN, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .South Carolina.
E. JAMES, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Indiana.
W. G. WAYNE, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..New York.

Officers Michigan State Grange.

M.—C. G. LUCE, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Gilead.

0.—A. N. WOODRUFF, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wstervliet.

I..—C. L. WHITNEY, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Muskegon.

B.—S. A. TOOKER, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A. S.—A. E. GREEN, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Farmington.

C.—SALMON STEEL, . . . . . . .Manton, Wexiord Co.

T.—8. F. BROWN, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Sohoolcraft.

Bnc.—-J. T. COBB, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Schoolci-aft.

G. K.—ELIJAH BARTLETT, . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dryden.
.. Calms.-Mas. A. S. STANNARD,....- .... ..Lowell.
Poxoiu.,—Ms.s. II. D. PLATT, ......... . .Ypsilanti.
FI.on.A.—Mn.s. A N. WOODRU'FF,.. . .Watervliet.
L. A. S.—Mns. A. E. GREEN, ....... . .Farmington.

 

Executive cOl‘flll\|Ct00-

TKOMAS MARS, Chairman, .... ..Berrien Center.
1. WEBSTER CEELDS, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Ypsilanti.
F. M. HOLLOWAY, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Eillsdale.
J. Q. A. BURBINGTON, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tuscola.

WM. SAT'l‘ERLEE,.................Birminghain.
mos. F. MOOB.E,.......................Adria.n.
JOHN roams. ................. ..Grand Rapids.
c. e. LUCE, J. 'r. COBB, ............ ..Ex-ofiicio.

General Deputy.

o. L. wmrxnr, ................... ...Muskegon.

State Business Agent.

THOMAS MASON,...................ChicIB°{ Ill.

 

Special Lecturers.

Thou. '!'._Moors,...............Adrls.n, Lonawoeco.
KL. Steven..." ...........Perrv, Shiawusee Co.
In. 8. Steele, ............. ...lanton, Wexlord Co.

. I Andrew Ounnboii, .... ...Ypsilanti, Washtsnaw 00.

J. W. Wiag........ ......Ypsilanti, Wsshtonawco.

Qss.I.MioHeys.... .... ....Ad.risn, 

that may Interest Woo Growsrs.—0ur’

A..

COMPENSATION.

It was the time of Autumn,
When leaves are turning brown-
Green to yellow and pied and black:
And some were tumbling down.

It was the time of Autumn,
When the fruits are gathered in,
Some for the press, some for the vat,
And some for the miller’s him.

Then po .r men fell s.-playing,
For that their work was o'er:

And rich men fell a-sighing,
That they could play no more.

For the summer-time is a merry time,
If a man have leisure to play ;

But the summer-time is a weary time
To him who must work all day.

Then thanks to God the giver,
Who loves both great and small ;

To every one He something gives,
But to no man gives it all.

The rich, who careth for himself,
Finds, after pleasure, pain;

But the toiler, whom God careth for,
Rests, and is glad again.

I WONDER WHY.

I meet with people here and there
Who walk through life with muflled tread ;
And when you say, “ The day is fair,”
They softly sigh and shake their head ;
The bright and gracious summer sky
In wide blue are is o'er them bowed,
And yet they shake their head and sigh,
And point you out a tiny cloud.
Why do they shake their head and sigh,
And view that speck of all the sky ?
I wonder why.

And when young lovers bill and coo,
And play at being man and wife,
And talk of all the things they’ll do
,. Invyonder lovely sweep of life,
It sflems to them so sad a tact '
Young folks should draw such giddy breath,
They beg acceptance of a tract
On Early Calls and Sudden Death.
When happy hearts are beating high,
Why’ do they tell them they must die?
. I wonder why.

And when the children shout at play,

Or peals of laughter break their chat,
Why do they grimly smile and say,
“Ah, yes ! you'll soon be cured of that."
Wise heads will come another day,

And boys are boys, and still will be ;
So laugh, young people, while you may—

Ere long you'll know the world like me,
Why is it wise to smile and sigh,
And hold your cambric to your eye ‘r

I wonder why.
London. Graphic.

Every farmer who has cultivated a sandy
farm knows how soon the fertility is ex-
hausted by a continuous system of cropping,
and how soon it can be made valueless for
profitable farming. An important element
of success in working such soils is to know
how to increase the fertility, and render it
capable of absorbing and retaining its for-
tilizing properties. The barrenness of pure
sand is proverbial, and even when fertilized
it has no lasting effect. A crop or two taken
off‘ reduces it to its former state of sterility.
The reason is it has no capacity to retain
the elements necessary to the growth of
plants, and each successive crop renders it
more barren. There are degrees of barren-
ness, and some sandy soils are reduced soon-
er than others, yet the most of the Michi-
gan soils can be made profitable for the
labor expended in their cultivation, if they
are properly handled. Those farmers who
make money from sandy farms are very
careful to retain and accumulate as much
vegetable matter as possible in the soil.
This retention and accumulation is not
assisted by constant plowing——nothing will
wear out the soil faster—but by letting it
lie, keeping it shaded by clover and other
grasses. Naked fields seem to attract and
have an afiinity for bad luck and poor crops,
and the owners of such fields can advertise
their lnefiiciency in no better way. The char-
acter of the soil is such that it is permeated
by every passing wind, dried by the sun,
and bleached by the rains. These elements
which tend to make an exposed surface
more barren, render them more fertile when
covered with grass or clover. A strong
wind will carry away every article of loose
vegetable matter on the surface, and drop it
along the fences, and on grass-covered
fields, adding to their legitimate accumula-
tions a deposit which is readily perceived
along a board fence. This has seemed to
settle into the ground, when the opposite
fact is true, that the soil has been raised by

Miartlcles brought by the wind. Every

strong wind that passes over a field of
clover drops a benediction in the shape of a
top dressing of vegetablematter that has
cost the owner nothing, even if it has been
robbed from a field poorer than}-‘self.

A sandy soil that is rich in vegetable
matter or humus. retains the warmth gath-
ered from the rays of the sun much longer
than a barren soil. Certain soils are rich in
fertility, but are naturally cold :nd uncer-
tain for growing crops, but where this fer-
tility is united with sand, the best conditions
possible for farming are attained. Crops are
not so badly affected in a cold season ; a few 1
days of sun will so quickly warm the soil;
and this warmth will be retained, giving
the plants an impetus which will tide them
overa bad spell and make a crop, when a
less kindly soil will produce a poor one.
The barren, sandy soil burns and blisters
the plant under a scorching sun, drying out
the moisture beyond the reacl of the roots,
while the fertile soil interposes a non-con-
ductor that protects and shelters the roots
from harm, holds the moisture and prevents
its escape.

Rains falling on loose sandy soil run
quickly through, taking with them some
portions of the soluble substances of the
soil, carrying them beyond the reach of the
roots of grain crops. But when the soil is
well mixed with vegetable matter, and cov-
ered with a coating of verdure, the roots of
which, living, dying and dead, fill the soil,
the rains are retarded in their descent. The
gasses brought down from the atmosphere
are separated and retained. The filtering
process is slow. The soluble nutriment in
the soil, on which the roots feed, becomes
more effective, and the plant thrives.

Nothing can take the place of a sod cover-
ing for sandy soil—eithe;* of clover or of
June grass. A top-dressif. Jr-5-,-v.».rd manure.
to stimulate root growth, is‘ very ‘eIl'ec'ti\7e'in‘
promoting fertility. Manure applied to a
barren field, and drawn upon at once for a
grain crop, gives a poor recompense for its
real value. No such lasting benefit is per-
ceived as when the sod receives the stimu-
lus. Successive croppings will feel the force
of it. The secret of success in farming
sandy land is sod, and a sod stimulated into
a vigorous growth by the application of
manure to its surface and allowing it to
remain a year and become comminuted with
the surface. We are aware that other views
are maintained by farmers, and we invite
discussion, and will gladly give space for
different opinions, with the grounds for the
belief.

Pay as You (in.

We have never yet attempted to write an
article on finance, and do not propose to
desert our column yet to make the attempt,
but shall try to make a practical application
of the heading in another way.

The farmer stands in the relation of a
debtor to his soil—the question is, does he
pay back as fast as he takes away 1’ Is there
a compensation in rest or manure that will
recompense for the crop? The course pur-
sued by some farmers would seem to convey
the idea that the soil possesses of itself some
re-invigorating power——that to sow and to
reap are the only duties devolving upon the
cultivator of the soil-—that an exhaustless
supply of energy lies hidden in the earth
that only needs to be tickled with scattered
seeds to generate annual crops of grain.
Such farmers have not yet learned to pay as
they go—to return to the soil, for every crop
taken off, such an offset as will make the
account balance, but they continue to run
up the bill until both parties are bankrupt.

" Pay,” to become an equivalent, must be
tendered in one of two ways, either to let the
fieldrest in grass, or to apply manure direct-
ly to the soil. Where cropping is expected
to be continued, the latter plan must be
adopted. Doubtless some heavy soils would
be largdy benefitted by under-draining,
rendering the mechanical texture of the soil
more desirable, and would in a measure be
payment for value received.

The late John Johnston, of Geneva, N.
Y., in a mtter written in Nov. 1856, speak-
iny of the deterioration of wheat produc-
tion, and the causes, said: “The land has
been producing wheat almost constantly
since the forests were cleared ofl'—say _thirty
to sixty years—in fact, the land has been
working that length of time with little or
no food, and having become exhausted can

has rest, or more and better food. I am
satisfied from my own experience that by
thorough underdraining and rest, or high
manuring, as good an average of wheat can
be obtained as ever from the real wheat
lands  the State. My own wheat crops for
the .....r eight years have averaged more
thazflthcy ever did in the same length of
time for thirty-five years. The reason is,
for ahe last ten years I have sown no wheat
on undralned land, and for thirty years I
have fed a large quantity of stock in winter,
and fed them fully, making rich manure,
and have kept up and increased the fertility
of the soil; that is, although I worked my
land hard, I fed it well, If: I found it
grateful for what it received, repaying me
abundantly, and I have no doubt that it
will keep on paying as long as it has a mas-
ter that treats it as I have done. I com-
mence winter this season with over 500
sheep to make fat, beside some cattle. I am
now having brought home twenty tons of
oil-cake meal for feed, which, together with
my corn, will fully fatten all the stock I
have. That is the way I feed my land ”

The Markham Express, in speaking of the
farm of Richard Dawson in North Lincoln-
shire, remarks as follows: “The farm of
Mr. D. contains 2,700 acres. This land was,
a few years back, a wilderness. One field of
3-52 acres was an old rabbit warren when Mr.
Dawson entered upon the farm. It now
contains 1,000 ewes, with each a lamb, mak-
ing 22,000 sheep, beside some young cattle
and horses. About $10,000 are paid each
year for artificial manures. For twenty-two
years in succession $7,500 per annum have
been expended in the purchase of bones,
besides large sums yearly for oil cake.”
M. J. Gard, one of the most successful farm-
ers of Cass county, mapures one-tenth of
his farm every year, going over the whole in
ion year... Without .manure, successful
farming must be abandoned ; the land will
become poorer and poorer until neither soil
nor owner will be able to pay anything for
the general welfare.

The American Merino.

The Merino is exceptional in its relation
to American sheep husbandry. in that,while
embodying more nearly than any other
sheep the essentials to food and raiment for
the million, it is the only sheep whose place
could not be filled by importation, should it
from any cause be eliminated from our live
stock economy. While England or Canada
could confidently be depended upon for
supplying the most admirable specimens of
the Long-Wools, as well as the Downs in
their highest merit and full variety, in vain
would the Merino fancier search through
flocks of other countries for the peers of
those animals, which have won, and are
destined to keep a name and place in the
history of the ovine races as the American
Merino. From France he might secure
animals of larger body, while Germany
could furnish him those of finer fleece ; but
neither these nor their crosses could fill the
void that would follow the absence of the
unique Merino—-the result and triumph of
American skill in manipulating the pure
blood coming hither from the flocks of
Spanish Dons, whose stars set in the dawn-
ing of the nineteenth century. Hardy, long-
lived, yielding a high percentage of wool
to gross weight of carcass, responding to the
growing demand for cheap mutton, by
adapting itself to the varied conditions and
inclinations of the American farmer, the
typical Merino has reached a standard
against which it is no humiliation to stand
as second.-—Te:cas Wool.

Percentage of Wool to Weight of carcass.

The sheep as imported from Spain sheared
only about 7 per cent. of unwashed wool to
live weight of carcass-indeed, selected
specimens rarely exceeded that, while the
average yield was much less. At the present
time whole flocks shear more than twice as
much, and the best specimens from 20 to 30
per cent. of wool. In some extreme cases
there have been 35 per. cent. of unwashed
wool to live weight, while those selected
rams shorn in Vermont within five years
gave a yield of 31, 35 and 37 pounds of un-
washed wool that, after thorough scouring
for the cards weighed 81b, 6} ounces, 8 lb, 13
ounces, 9 lb, If ounces; the live weights of
carcass of these three rams, after shearing
were 108 lb, 121 lb, and 148 lb. This would
give 27.3 per cent. of unwashed, and 7.1 er
cent. of cleansed wool to live weight. he
latter, it will be observed, is the same per
cent. of cleansed wool as was given of un-
washed wool by the three rams that were
imported. Twenty-one rams, from which
fleeces or samples were taken to send to the
last Exposition at Paris, gave 22.3 per cent.
of unwashed wool to live weight; ‘nine of
this number, whose live weight averaged
120} lb, gave an average yield of a little over
2911': each, or a per cent. of 24.1 to live
weight‘ of carcass.-Chapman, Sec’y Vermont

produce paying crops no longer, unless it

Merino Sheep Association.

Horse Stable Floors.

The long debated question as to the best
material for stable floors, is being again re
vived. A. clay floor was by some adhered to
for years. and such was the earnestness of
its &dVu<'&les and the many arguments
brought to bear upon it that we were induc-
ed some 20 years ago to try it. In three or
four months we had the planks back again,
being satisfied with the disadvantages of
clay for this purpose. Our present floor of
plank is simply inclined a little from front
to rear, where a gutter is made to carry off
the liquid voidings. We do not believe in
sand, coal ashes, sawdust, asphsltum, flags,
cobblestones, or any of the modern devices
to injure horses. Thus far we have never
noticed that this little inclination was in
any way injurious; and we doubt whether
the wooden grating that we frequently see
placed over the planking that some use
would be advisable on the ground that the
animal would be more comfortable, while
this movable grating or second floor might
lead to accidents. When a person can keep
horses in a sound, healthy condition for
five to seven years, as we have done on a
carefull constructed plank flooring, inclin-
ed a litt e to the rear, it is just as well to be
satisfied with it. Do what we will holes
will be dug by the stamping of the feet in
clay and these will be filled with moisture,
which will necessarily result in scratches,
quarter crack, etc. If the clay is leveled off
and beaten down daily, it will make no dif-
ference. Some time ago we inspected a
number of stables where many horses were
kept, and we encountered only one that was
composed of anything but wood. Of course
there will be new things— inventions —
springing up, which are to meet and over-
come every objection, and there will be
some to adopt them, but we shall be satisfied
with what we have until there is something
produced about which there is no mistake.

lien Manure.

Speaking of hen manure, I think few
farmers value it enough. In my experi-
ments it has produced so great results that
I canaccount for it only on the idea that
the ammonia in it has an aflinity for and
attracts the nitrogen from the atmosphere.
If anyone doubts that it is rich in ammonia,
let him sprinkle a barrel of it with enough
water to cause fermentation, and then stir
it; the fumes will be overpowering. A
single experiment of mine indicated that a
barrel of hen manure is worth as much as
ten loads of stable manure.

My experiment was this: In the fall of
1879 I sowed three acres of wheat, the first
week in October, on the poorest land on my
farm. We hadjust cutoff‘ the corn, which
was a very light crop, but the land was in
excellent order, as we had plowed the corn
very late and had taken out all the weeds
and grass with hoes, and when we cut up
the corn all that was needed was to harrow
thoroughly and roll, to give just the right
kind of a seed bed. I divided the plat into
three strips of an acre each,and manured N o.
l with one barrel of hen manure, which I
had so sifted that I drilled it in with the
wheat; No. 2 I dressed liberally with stable
manure, and on No. 3 I drilled in 200
pounds of pure ground bone. I left strips
about ei ht feet wide without fertilizer of
any kin , between the different plats. We
harvested over 30 bushels of wheat to the
acre, and, judging from the fertilized strip,
the crop was doubled by the manure. There
was hardly a perceptible difference between
the three plats, but one could see in riding
past the field the difference between the
unmanured strips and the rest. My obser-
vation leads me to believe that not one
farmer in ten makes any use whatever of
his hen manure, and yet I believe that it
will pay for the keeping of the fowls, and is
worth as much per pound as bone meal.-
Selected.

“ WHAT is the secret of your long life ?”
asked Alexander, the young master of the
world, of a peasant numbering 160 years.
The reply was significant whether regarded
as fact or symbol; it was simply: “Oil
without and honey within.” A sweet soul
breathing good will and a hyblean kind-
ness: an external suave, genial, unctious,
smoothing the roughness of everyday con.
tact, will of itself insure long years. .

Never give way to melancholy ; nothing
encroaches more; I fight against it vigor-
ously. One great remedy is to take short
views of life. Are you happy now? Are
you likely to remain so until this evening or
next week,or next year? Then why destroy
present happiness by a distant misery which
may never come at all, or you may never
live to see it ? for every substantial grief has
twenty shadows,and most of them, shadows
of your own making.-—iS{z/dney Smith,

AT Baldwin, Kan., a sorghum mill has
been erected this season, and its owner
last Spring, furnished the farmers in thié
vicinity with sorghum, seed to plant, and
now they are selling the crop to a manufac.
turer of syrup. He pays the farmers at the
rate of $1175 a ton for cane, or allows them
six gallons of syrup. One farmer planted
12 acres to sorghum and has raised a flue
crop. It averagles 12 tons to the acre, and he
has contracted is s rup to other parties at
 gaillon End and has the barrels furn-

s h m. o writes our corres ndent
H» C. M.—Ezchame. Po '

is;



  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  

.. .........ow:-uveifimi-115».-7’ -.. ‘W.-‘ms--»»  r  - .

 

_»  N.-3" ‘_l’ l

2

ETQB;

NOVEMBER 15. 1881.

NIIUAL ADDRESS OF WORTHY MASTER WOODMAN

M the Fifteenth Annual Session of the National
Grange, held at the City of Washington.
November, I881.

Worthy Patrons Cl-’Il(TfiIe‘l'Ilb€TH of the Na.-
tional Grange .-

As the chosen representatives of the great-
est industrial interest of this nation, and
members of one great brotherhood of agri-
culturists which extends into every State,
and almost every neighborhood in this broad
land, we have come from the East and the
West, the North and the South, to counsel
together and devise ways and means by
which that interest may bebetter protwted,
and the prosperity of agriculturists more
fullv secured.

At the sixth annual session of this National
Grange, held in this city in January, 1863,
Worthy Master Saunders, in alluding to the
duties of the National Grange, in his address
to that body. said. “ I conceive that its prin-
cipal duties are to collect and disseminate
information for the benefit of the whole Or-
der, to place State Granges in cooperative
communication, and advise Subordinate
Granges with reference to matters of special
interest. Thus it acts as an agency. But it
should be something more than this; being
in communication with the whole Order. it
is eminently placed in a position tojudge as
to the value of measures calculated to be for
the best interests of the whole, and thus it
should be creative as well as administrative.”

No language of mine could more clearly
define the powers and duties of this body as
the National Legislature, the Congress of
our great organization of farmers. Although
it is not our province to enact laws for the
people, yet no Congress ever assembled be-
neath the dome of yonder National Capitol
with duties more closely allied to the general
welfare than are devolving upon this Na-
fional Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry.

Although we represent a class, yet it is an
industrial and wealth producing class, upon
which the prosperity of all other industries
and interests depend. We produce more
wealth, and contribute more to commerce,
more for the education of the masses, and
more for the support of the Government and
its institutions than all other interests com-
bined. Upon the prosperity of agriculture
depends the welfare, if not the very existence
of all other interests, and the strength and
perpetuity of the Government. When the
soil yields an abundant harvest every chan-
nel of business is electrified into life, but a
partial failure of crops, as the returns of the
present year indicate, operates like the dy-
ing away of the stream which furnishes the
propelling power of the mill, the machinery
moves slower, and much of it will stop
:1 ether.

ashington and Jefferson based their faith
in the ability of the people of this country
to maintain a republican form of govern-
ment upon the fact that their occupation was
to be mainly agricultural. Hence it cannot
be said, that we overestimate the importance
of agriculture, or the work of our organi-
mtion.

The establishment of free institutions upon
this continent was not only a new era in the
history of civil governments, but in agricul-
ture and the intellectual development of
those engaged in it. Farmers have been
made not only owners of the soil they
cultivate, but their own readers, thinkers,
and executors, the crowning glory of which
has culminated in their demand for a more
elevated social and intellectual life, the cul-
tivation of a noble manhood and woman-
hood among themselves, and by organization
and co-operation, endeavor to.dignify labor,
honor their profession, protect their rights,
and maintain their equality among men.

It is a wise provision in our organic law
which requires thatthe voting members of
this body shall be composed of the Masters
of State Granges and their wives who are
lfatrons. This does away with the strifein-
aident to all elections, and brings together in
annual session the men and women who
have had the care and responsibility of su-
perintending the work of the Order in the
several States, and who of all others should
best know the condition and wants of the
Order, and ought to be best qualified to
originate a system for practical work by
which the interest in the Subordinate
Granges may be kept up, united and harmo-
nious action secured on all important ques-

tions, and thorough business co-operation

encouraged and made practical.

Worthy Master Saunders was one of the
honored founders of this Order, and for six
years Master of the National Grange. He
well understood the theory of the organiza-
tion. No one was better q-ualified to define
me duties and powers of this body. He
says, “ your duzies are creative as well as ad-
ministrative.” That is, you should not only
consider and act upon the petitions and me-
morials which come up to you from State,
County and Subordinate Granges. but you
should bring together the valuable ideas and
practical knowledge which you have acquir-
ed by your experience in the work in your
several States, and as far as possible devise a

. system, simple yet comprehensive, for build-

ing up the‘0rder and accomplishing its noble
rposes. ~

WI am aware that the task of devising such

a system is no ordinary one, but to assume

that it cannot be done, is to admit that our

‘organization is a failure; and that farmers,

as a class, cannot be brought together in a
close organization, for the protection and ad-
vancement of their interests. Such an as-
sumption has been disproved by the history,
achievements, the present condition and
standing of the Order.
There can be no doubt of the existence of
a principle or propensity in man’s nature
which leads him to study his own_ interest,
gratification and happiness; and it is only
necessary to make farmers understand that
our organization is promoting the interests
of aglricultuize, and adding to the prosperity
and appiness bf those engaged in it, to in-
duce every worthy and intelligent tiller of
the soil to enroll as a member of our great
and fraternal brotherhood.‘ What the want
is information—knowledge of the a solute
necessity of an organization for the. protec-
tion of agricultural interests from the grow-
ing power and avariciousness of incorporated
and combined monopolies, which are absorb-
ing a large share of the profits of labor, and
consequently reducing the value of every
farm in the land—knowledge of the theory
of our organization, of the principles we

inculcate, of our system for practical work
, to accomplish our pur(posee—knowledge of

what we have done an are doing to amel-
iorate-their condition and elevate farmers as
a class, and a clear conception of the real
benefits and enjoyments to be derived from

belonging to and engaging in the exercises
of a well disciplined and wisely conducted
Subordinate Grange.

A well matured system for the dissemi-
nation of such information, should be de-
vised and recommended by the National
Grange; and the State Granges sho id aid
and encourage the County and Subordinate
Granges in carrying the same into effect.

I re-submit for your consideration the rec-
ommendations on this subject to be found in
my communication to the last National
Grange, under the head of Subordinate
Granges, and ask that the same be referred
to the Committee on the Good of the Order.

GRANGE LECTURERS.

Although great progress has been made in
most of the States, during the past year, in
perfecting alecture system and in supplying
the demand for lectures, yet I have found
that in many instances the Lecturers, both
of the State and County Granges. are seldom
if ever found in the lecture field; and that
Subordinate Granges, in the immediate lo-
cality of such Lecturers, have never been
favored with a public or private lecture in
the interest of the Order. They are plodding
along, and even prospering, with the imper-
fect instructions received from the organiz-
ing deputy years ago. and the inspiration of
the Grange press. While this speaks well
for the intelligence of the members and the
influence of the press, yet in the theory and
work of our organization it is all wrong.
The ofiice of Lecturer was created for a pur-
pose, and in a Subordinate Grange should be
filled by one competent to arrange and ‘con-
duct the literary exercises and discussions
of the Grange, and if unaccustomed to
public speaking. willing to improve that
faculty. It should be made the duty of the
Lecturer of a County or District Grange to
visit every Subordinate Grange within his
jurisdiction at least once in each year, and
oftener if the condition of the Granges
require it, and lecture to and instruct them.
The ofiice of Lecturer in a State Grange
should be filled by one eminently qualified
to deliver both public and private lectures
upon topics relating to the interests of agri-
culture and the welfare of the Order. It
should be u ade his duty to lecture within
the State whenever called upon, if his per
diem and expenses are provided for. If the
finances of the State Grange will justify the
expense, he should be paid from the State
Grange Treasury, but if not, the County
and Subordinate Granges employing him
should provide the means.

THE GRANGE PRESS.

There can be no -better evidence of the
increasing prosperity of our Order than that
indicated by the improvement which has
been made in the journals published in its
interest, and their increasipg circulation.
They should be encouraged by every possible
means consistent with the financial condition
and dignity of our Order.

BUSINESS C0-OPERATION.

There has been so much said and written
upon this essential feature of our Order, so
many different theories advanced, experi-
ments tried, losses sustained and successes
achieved, that it seems but necessary to
utilize and systematize the knowledge al-
ready acquired to enable us to perfect a
system of practical business co operation,
adapted to the wants of our members. That
co-operation in buying and selling among
farmers is essential to their welfare. must be
evident to every one who has given thought
to this subject.

Though not in itself the most essential and
important feature of our organization, yet
taken in connection with the educational, it
is an indispensable necessity.

The farmer is brought into business rela-
tions with almost every otherinterest, and to
be independent and succes-ful in business
transactions, he must have a practical
knowledge of business and the laws of
trade. Hence any system of co-operation
which falls to inculcate practical lessons,
and teach farmers to do business in a busi-
ness -vay, will fail to meet the wants of our
members. What we want is a system,
simple, practical, and adapted to the wants
of not only every Subordinate Grange, but
of every member of our Order. The amount
made or saved in buying or selling is not
always as essential to the operator as the ex-
perience and knowledge acquired by the
transaction. When our Grange ship was
launched upon the stormy sea of the business
world, we floated from the mast-head a ban-
ner on which was inscribed, “ National and
State Co-operation,” “ Trade and Mann-
factures supported by the Common Fund.”

A few State Granges tried the experiment.
Extensive manufacturing and business en-
terprises were attempted with the State
Grange funds, and salaried agents to sell
farm produce and purchase supplies for the
farm, with power to create debts binding
upon the State Granges, were appointed in
commercial centers. Our ship carried too
much sail, and was deficient in ballast. It
foundered in the great financial storm which
proved so disastrous to all business enter-
prises. This system was not adapted to the
wants and condition of our organization.
It was not sufiiciently educational and co-
operative in its operations, and was wanting
in safeguards. It attempted to grapple with
great business enterprises without the expe-
rience and skill necessary to manage them.
While these failures were disastrous to the
welfare of the Order in the States embarking
in the enterprises, yet there can be but little
doubt but what they proved valuable lessons
to our members in other Slates, and saved
the Order from similar losses and disasters
elswhere.

The National Grange next recommended
co-operative associations with equally dis-
tributed burdens and profits, giving each co-
operator an_ equal voice and vote in their
management, and'devised a well guarded
and thoroughly practical system for con-
ducting them. Many have been organized,
and operated with varied results. Some
have succeeded beyond the most sanguine
expectations of those interested in them.
others have failed. This was to have been_
expected. Some men succeed in business,
others do not-. Why is it? It is not luck,
but in management. So with our co opera-
tive associations. But enough have suc-
ceeded to demonstrate the wisdom and prac-
ticability of the system. _

Some StateGranges have employed reliable
agents and responsible business commission
houses to sell farm produce and fill orders at
a fixed commission, taking ample bonds for
fair dealing and prompt returns.

This system has proved to be of much
value to members, stimulating them to study
the market reports, and familiarize them-
selves with the principles and customs of
trade and transportation. It is both practi-
cal and thoroughly educational. s

TEE, GRANGE} YES

There yet remained another want in our
business system. Many Granges were so
situated that they could have no access to
co-operative stores, and to make small orders
from agents or supply hou§es was attended
with too much trouble and delay. This
want has been provided for, and many Sub-
ordinate Granges are now enjoying its
benefits in a most satisfactory degree -
They raise a small purchasing fund, and in-
vest it in such articles as are constantly
needed in every family, and keep them in a
room, provided fbr that purpose at the
Grange hall. and deliver them to members
at the regular meetings, at nearly cost. The
purchasing agent, or storekeeper who has
charge of the business, gives security to the
Grange for the funds placed in his hands,
and asmall per cent. added to remunerate
him for time and expense. This brings the
primitive lessons and pecuniary benefits of
co-operation, within the appreciation and
means of the humblest member of the
Grange. It is both practical and safe. No
great losses can occur, as everything is done
on a cash basis. There are instances in the
history of this practice, where results simi-
lar to those which have marked the history
of successful business men have been ob-
tained. Commencing with a small capital
and small business, they have extended
their business as the confidence and wants
of members and their knowledge of busi-
ness has increased, until the little room at
the Grange ‘hall has been exchanged for a
first class business place upon a commercial
street, and a large and prosperous co-opera-
tive store is the result. I am clearly of the
opinion that supply houses or arrangements
for purchasing at wholesale‘ rates, co-opera
tive stores where they can be supported and
well managed, arrangements for shipping
and selling farm produce. and the Grange
purchasing fund where needed, if properly
systematized and encouraged, all working
together, will constitute a system ofco-opera-
tion well adapted to the Wants of our mem-
bers, and give to all both educational and
financial benefits. But in no case should an
agent be employed to create debts against
the Grange, nor should the funds of the
Grange be placed in the hands of an agent,
or invested in business, without ample
security for the return of every dollar to the
Grange treasury.

THE AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT AND GOV-
ERNMENTAL AID T0 AGRICULTURE.

At the last session, the following resolu-
tion was unanimously adopted by this body:

Resolved, That the Commissioner of Agri-
culture he made the Secretary ofAgriculture
and a member of the President's cabinet,
and with the same salary as Secretaries of
other departmentsand that this department
he sustained and encouraged by appropria-
tions commensuxate with its importance.”

Our organization was pledged to use all
honorable means to induce Congress to pass
the bill, then pending before it, to accom-
plish that purpose. The bill had met with
serious opposition from the chairman of the
Committee on Agriculture, yet a majority
of the Committee reported it favorably, and
placed it in charge of Bro. Aiken, who was
a member of the Committee. By his perse-
verance he succeeded in pressing it to a final
vote, and 162 members voted for it and 84
against it, lacking but two votes of the nec-
essary two thirds required to pass it.

The discussion on this bill was exceeding-
ly interesting,.ap" deserves special notice.
Bro. Aiken ha‘vi'flR‘31e fioor, yielded to give
the opponents of the measure an opportuni-
ty to tell us and the farmers of this country
why they voted against it.

Mr. Reagan (of Texas) opposed the bill
for the reason that it was legislation for the
protection of a special interest. If most of
the important legislation of Congress for the
last fifteen years had not been for the pro-
tection of special interests this objection
might have had some force. But I will do him
no injustice but use his own language: “I
am not unfriendly to a new department of
the government, indeed I favor thu creation
ofa new department, but I do not favor this
bill. This bill is simply an enlargement of
the powers of the Agricultural Bureau, and
making the Commissioner of Agriculture a
Cabinet ofiicer. The subject is one of very
great moment. The agricultural, the manu-
facturing, and the mining interests ought,
it seems to me, to be placed under a separate
and independent department of the govern-
ment, which I would call the Department
of Industry, in order to embrace the whole
of them, and doing that, the bill- ought to
provide for transferring the different bu-
reaus in the Interior, the Treasury and the
War Departments to this new department
of the government. With that done, its
great agricultural interests, its gieat com-
mercial interests, its great manufacturing
interests, its great tnining interests would
receive the supervision and direction of a
first-class man, and undoubtedly they do-
serve the supervision of such a man.” Mr.
Dunnel (of Minn.) favored the bill as the
initiatory step to the creation of such a
Department of Industry. He agreed with
Mr. Reagan, but would go one step further
and include “the great railroad interests of
the country.”

Is it not quite probable that we see fore-
shadowed in the above, the policy which we
may expect to see incorporated into a bill to
answer the demands of the agricultural in-
terests of the country, as indicated by the
above resolution of this body ? Would not
sucha course be in harmony with much of
the previous legislation of the country, os-
tensibly to benefit agriculture, but really to
aid and build up other interests at the ex-
pense ofagriculture, and fasten upon the
country some of the most oppressive mo-
nopolies that ever cursed any people?

Pas-ing over the inference that an Agri-
cultural Department, standing upon its own
bottom, could not “be presided over by a
first-class man,” and admitting that ads-
partment for the further protection of the
combined and incorporated interests, with
agriculture attached as a “side show,” could
he, is any one credulous enough to lhlieve,
in view of the history of the past and the
influences which generally control such
appointments, that such a department would
ever be presided over by a man either qual-
ified or disposed to give agriculture the con-
sideration which its importance demands?
Might we not rather expect a repetition of
that policy which ignores the representa-
tives of the farming interests and selects a
chairman for the Committee on Agriculture
in Congress from the legal profession of a
large city, where agriculture is not supposed
to be extensively practiced or well under-
stood? ~

Mr. Covert opposed the bill; and standing
as he does at the head of the Committee on
Agriculture, it is due to him that his reasons

for so doing should be understood and well
considered by every farmer in the land.
That portion of his remarks which seem to
apply directly to the action of this body and
its authority to speak for “the real agricul-
turists, or of thoughtful and intelligent men
engaged in that business,” it seems proper
that [should quote for your benefit. Mr.
Covert says:

“ We have here the spectacle presented of
a large class of the people, already strong in
numbers, strong in material resources, and
abundantly able to protect their own inter-
est, clamoring for the elevation of this de-
partment and for the dispensing of special
favors to them, when with the same glance
we see our comm-. rcial interests lying pros-
trate, and our manufacturing interests by no
means such as they should be, yet no de-
mand comes from those engaged in either
commerce or manufactures asking special
governmental intervention in their behalf.
* * * I say without the fear of successe-
ful contradiction, that this request is not
made by the real agriculturisls of this coun-
try, or by any relatively large number of
thoughtful or intelligent men enga ed in
that business throughout the lengt and
breadth of this land. The intelligent and
thoughtful farmer belongs to his local
Grange, to his town, county or State agricul-
tural society, and has the benefit of period-
icals and newspapers published specially for
his uses and his needs. He is self-reliant,
and does not come here to besiege the doors
of Congress, asking that this be made a
Cabinet department, or that the Commis-
sioner be made a Cabinet officer under the
government.”

It does seem strange that a man of Mr.
Covert's intelligence, in speaking for the
farmers of this country, should convey the
idea to them that the commercial and man-
ufacturing interests do not receive “special”
and substantial “governmental intervention
in their behalf,” when it is well known that
nearly every other important interest ex-
cept agriculture has a voice either directly or
indirectly in the Cabinet, and an organized
system in the government to look after its
welfare and protect its interest.

Upon the constitutional question be de-
clared that "there was absolutely no warrant
in the Constitution for the so-called elevation
of this Department of Agriculture, or even
for the establishment or existence of the
department as it stands to-day;” and that
“the department as it stands to-day is an
illegitimate child of the Government,” de-
serving support only “during its infancy,”
or while the act creating it “remains un-
repealed."

Members of Congress would have acted
wisely, had they have taken the advice of
Mr. Hatch (of Missouri), who said in reply,
“ If «this department is an illegitimate child,
then, in the name of .he great agricultural
interests of this country, let the Forty-Sixth
Congress of the United Sates do to-day the
grandest act of its official life, and legitimit.-
ize this child of agriculture. Illegitimate!
If it be so, it has done more for the country
than any other child that has been born to
it since the Declaration of Independence.
It is the foundation of our wealth, the corner-
stone of our prosperity, and the fruitful
source from which we derive our richest and
surest revenues.” -

The favorable consideration and large
support which this measure received, should
encourage us to again press the matter in its_
original form before the next Congress, ‘and
‘to oppose and resist every effort made by
friend or foe of the measure, to consolidate
the Agricultural Department with the in-
corporated interests of the country.

PATENT RIGHTS.

This National Grange and the State
Granges have repeatedly memorialized
Congress, and tens of thousands of our citi-
zens have petitioned, for the enactment of a
law to give some degree of protection to
innocent purchasers and users of patented
articles; but as yet no definite action has
been taken by that body, and the outrages
under the law as interpreted by the courts
are still being perpetrated with a high hand.
Thousands of farmers and others are being
prosecuted before the United States courts,
and put to great inconvenience and cost, for
innocently violating the patent laws by
using some article claimed to have been
patented. A law which will allow a pat-
entee to abandon his invention to the pub-
lie and allow it to go into general use, and
then permit him to collect royalty of every
one who has ever used the article, is an
outrage against justice and common sense.

Drive-well suits are being commenced all
over the land, and innocent purchasers,who
have paid full price for their wells, are com-
pelled to go into the courts to defend their
rights, or to be robbed under any pretext
which the holders of the patent may claim.
How long must these things continue?
How long will the people’s representatives
ignore the prayers of those electing them,
and neglect to provide statutory relief from
these unjust burdens? Will farmers ever
realize what the Chairman of the Agricul-
tural Committee in Congress has told them,
that “they are strong in numbers, strong in
material resources, and abundantly able to
protect their own interests,” independent of
any “governmental aid or intervention ? ”

We must not relinquish our efforts to
bring about this much needed reform, but
continue to agitate, enlighten and educate
the masses; and at each returning Session
of Congress renew our appeals, until success
shall finally be attained.

TRANSPORTATION.

Intimately connected with the history of
our organization, is the agitation of’ the
transportation question. The profits of the
farms, many of which had already been
mortgaged to build the roads. were being
absorbed by exorbitant freight and storage
charges, in some instances exceeding the
value of the article itself.‘ The agitation of
this question commenced in the Subordinate
Granges. and an influence was brought to
bear upon the Legislatures of some of the
Western States, resulting in the enactment
of laws limiting the amount which might
be charged for transporting freight by the
railroad companies, and for storing the same
by the elevator companies within the State,
to what was deemed just and reasonable
rates. These laws were resisted by the com-
panies, and through the united action of the
Granges the companies were prosecuted,
and the cases carried to the Sn reme Court
of the United States. After having the cases
under advisement for more than a year, in
order to give mature deliberation to every
point connected with the questions at issue,
the Court affirmed the constitutionality of
the laws, and established the doctrine that
" When private property 18 devoted to public

use, it is subject to public regulation.” This I

decision also afiirms that the power to regu-
late is with the legislative department of the
government. We, therefore, next appealed
to the Congress of the United States, the
only body having the power under the Con-
stitution, “to regulate commerce between
the States.” and demanded an investigation
of our grievances, and if foundtobe well
grounded, the enactment of the necessary
statutory remedies. In compliance with
this request, in 1874 the Senate appointed a
special Committee on Transportation to the
Seaboard, composed of the following able
statesmen and prominent leaders in the
great political parties of the country: Seli-
ators Wm. Vllindom (Rep), Minn; John
Sherman (Rep.), Ohio; Roscoe Cc-nkling
(Rep.), N. Y.; H. G Davis-(Dem.), West
Va; T. M. Norwood (De-m.),Ga.; J. W,
Johnson (Dem.), Va.; John H. Mitchell
(R.ep.) Oregon, and S. B. Conover (Rep),
Fla. Alter devoting several months to an
examination of the subject, they made a
very able and exhaustive report to the Sen-
ate, in which they declare: “ In the matter
of taxation there are to day four men, repre-
senting the four great trunk lines between
Chicago and New York, who possess, and
who do not unfrequently exercise, powers
which the Congress of the United States
would not venture to exert. They mayat
any time, and for reasons satisfactory to
themselves, by a single stroke of the pen,
reduce the value of property in this country
by hundreds of -milliom of dollars; and that
by combination and consolidation, these
colossal organizations were daily becoming
stronger and more imperious.”

They also _afiirm_ed that Congress had full
power over interstate commerce and could
therefore remedy these abuses. Seven years
have passed since this report was made and
the country warned of the growing power of
incorporated monopolies, which are absorb-
ing the products of industry and subverting
every principle of a government “of the
people and for the people;” and yet no
definite action has been taken by Congress,
although the people, groaning under the
crushing power of this despotism which the
United States Senate committee have assur-
ed them does exist, have appealed for relief
at each returning session. And yet we
must not be discouraged or grow faint-
hearted. There is every reason to believe
that decided progress has been made during
the past year in enlightening public senti-
ment upon this question, and arousing the
people to understand the situation and to
know what means are necessary tobe put
forth to bring about practical results.

It is also gratifying to know that romi-
nent among the advocates of who esome
reform in the management of corporations,

uestion, are Judge Jeremiah S. Black, of

a., and ex-Secretary Wm. Windom, of
Minn. The latter has just been re-elected
to the United States Senate.

I desire to call the special attention of
members of our Order, and farmers gener-
ally, to the following brief extracts from the
letter of Judge Black to the New York
Chamber of Commerce, under date of No-
vember 16th, 1880. “If railroad corpora-
tions have the unlimited ower which they
claim’, then all business is at their mercy--
agriculture, commerce and manufactures,
must sufler what they choose to inflict.
They may rob labor of the bread it wins,
and deprive all enterprise of its just reward.
Though this power does not belong to them
legally. they have been permitted to usurp
it; and I need not tell you that they have
grossly abused it. We know that they make
their exactions with an eye single to their
own advantage, without considering any
right or interest of the public. They boldly
express their determination to charge as
much as the trafiic will bear; that is to say,
they will take from every man’s business as
much as can be taken without compelling him
to quit it. In the aggregate this amounts to
the most enormous, oppressive and unjust
tax that ever was laid upon the industry of
any people under the sun. '7‘ * * * The
farmers of the great west have raised a large
crop of grain which they may sell at fair
prices if they can have it carried to the East-
ern ports, even at the unreasonable high
freights of last summer. But just now it is
said that the railway companies have agreed
among themselves to raise the freights five
cents per hundred weight, which is equal to
an export tax upon the whole crop of prob-
ably aeventyflve millions of dollars. The
farmers must submit to this highway rob-
bery or else keep the products of their land
to rot on their hands. * '1' * * (‘,ommQn
justice imperatively requires that freight
charges be fired, settled and prescribed by
law; and that they be not changed at the
mere will of the railroad companies.”

The above contains all that we as an or-
ganization have ever charged against the
railroad companies, and prescribes the sa'me
remedy which we have advocated. We took
the initiatory in this movement against the
“tyranny of monopolies,” and stand to-day
before the world vindicated in our acts by
the ablest statesmen and jurists of our
country. Senator Windom has recently
spoken upon this great question in words of
no uncertain meaning, and the country will
be disappointed in him if his voice is not
again heard in the Senate Chamber for the
right, and his influence, with that of the
President of the Senate, given tothe people’s
cause. The New York Board of Trade and
Transportation, and the New York Chamber
of Commerce, are not only disseminating
valuable information on the transportation
question among business men in the com-
mercial centers, but exerting a salutary in-
fluence among all classes of our citizens,
They have lent their aid to the organization
of a “National Anti-Monopoly League,"
with the headquarters in the city of New
York, and State and Subordinate Leagues
in the several States. I regard this new
organization as a valuable ally in this strug-
gle for the emancipation of the industrial
interests of the country from the despotism
of monopolies. It is dealing heavy blows
in the fight, and cannot fail to accomplish
much good. It is worthy the aid and en-
encouragement not only of farmers but of
all classes engaged in industrial pursuits.
Yet our organization,with its perfect system
of State, County and Subordinate’Granges,
is regarded as the great medium through
which the ears and minds of the masses in
the rural districts must be reached and made
to understand the situation, and warned of
the impending danger. By request of the
National Anti-Monopoly League, Judge
Black drafted a petition to Congress
praying for the legislative regulation of
inter-State commerce by railroads. The
League kindly offered to furnish oopieg
of it to our Order for circulation for

signatures by Subordinate Granges; and I

who have taken astand with us upon this _


NOVEMBER 15. 1881.

ass as-

NQE VISITOR.

directed them to be sent out, under the en-
dorsement of the National Grange. I submit
this action to you, and trust that you will
take the necessary Steps to encourage Patrons
everywhere to interest themselves in cir-
culating them and carrying out the recom-
mendations of the League.

Then let us, with renewed courage, hope
and rerseverance, renew every effort here-
tofore put forth, and acknowledge, encourage
and utilize all the-means and forces which
are being employed by other classes to
educate and enlighten the people upon this
subject, and induce Congress and State legis-
latures to meet this question and forever
settle it in fairness, protecting equally the
interests of the people and the rights of the
railroad companies.

THE ORDER NOT PARTISAN.

I have been requested to define “What
class of political questions may be discussed
in the work of a Subordinate Grange, under
the laws of our Order?” This matter has
been so clearly defined by the constitution
and laws of the Order, that further explana-
tion seems unnecessary. Our constitution
provides the. “ Religious or political ques-
tions will not be tolerated as subjects of dis-
cussion in the work of the Order, and no
political or religious tests for membership
shall be applied.” In our Declaration of
Purposes-

“We emphatically and sincerely assert
the oft-repeated truth taught in our organic
law, that the Grange-—National, State or
Subordinate——is not a political or party
organization. No Grange, if true to its
obligations, can discuss political or religious
questions, nor call political conventions, nor
nominate candidates, nor even discuss their
merits in its meetings.

“ Yet the principles we teach underlie all
true politics. all true statesmanship, and if
properly carried out, will tend to purify the
whole political atmosphere of our country,
for we seek the greatest good to the greatest
number.”

To the above the following decision of the
National Grange was added: “The word
“political" in the constitution means partis-
a-npolitics, and does not include or refer to
general questions of political economy.”

As members of the Grange belong to all
the different political parties and religious
denominations, to allow questions to be dis-
hussed in the Grange meeting, of a partisan
or sectarian nature,would lead to dissensions
and disintegration. Hence the Master of
the Grange must use due discretion, and
protect the feelings and political or religious
views and beliefs of members from assault or
undue criticism.

The Order was never intended and cannot
be made to serve the special interests of any
political party; vet to prohibit the discus-
sion of all questicns relating to public
policy would be to defeat some of the very
ob'ects of the organization. There are favors
w ich we need and reforms which we seek,
which must be obtained, if at all, through
the legislative department of the Govern-
ment. This can only ‘be reached either
through the influence of public opinion, by
petition or the ballot- box. We therefore
claim the right to influence public opionion
by the dissemination of documents, the
circulation of journals devoted to our inter-
ests, and by public lectures.

We must discuss in the Grange all ques-
tions relating to the farm and the household,
and all questions pertaining to the great
public welfare which are not strictly partis-
an in their nature. But when we come to
political action and the ballot-box, we say
to our members: Work in the political
parties to which you belong, "putting down
bribery, corruption and trickery, and see
that none but competent, faithful and honest
men, who will unflinchingly stand by our
industrial interests, are nominated for all
positions of trust; and carry out the princi-

le, which should always characterize every
Patron. that the ofiice should seek the man,
and not the man theoofiice.-” then exercise
the elective privilege as your best judgment
and enlightened wisdom may dictate.

The Order cannot become a. political-
party, nor take independent political
action. And yet, if politicians and political
parties shall continue to nominate and
urgalmen for legislative and judicial po-
siti s, who are known to be in the em-

loy or under the control of the “Great
ilroad Monopolies,” if legislative bodies
shall continue to turn a deaf ear to our
petitions, and show no disposition to amel-
iorate the condition of the producing classes
and release them from the burdens which
havebeen placed upon their industry by
this legalized power, " which arbitrarily
controls the whole business interest of the
country, including the value of its ro-
ducts,”—the time may come-—and may od
s ed it—when the farmer, the mec anic,
th: laborer, and the business man, arm in
arm, will march up to the polls and cast the
ballot-— '
“Which shall fall, assilcntly an falls the snowflake

on the soda
To execute the ireeman’s will as lightning does the
will of God.” '

EDUCATION.

To educate and elevate the American far-
mer is the paramount object of our organ-
ization. We have declared to the world,
that we shall advance the cause of education
among ourselves and for our children, by
all jdst means within our power, and advo-
cate our Industrial Colleges, that practical
agriculture, domestic science, and all the
arts which adorn the home, be taught in
their “courses of study.”

No subject is more closely connected with
the welfare of agriculture than that of edu-
cation. No other calling or profession re-
quires more close study, deep thought, or a
more thorough application of the deduc-
tions of science to its purposes.

The condition and necessities of agricul-
ture in this country, demand more technical
knowledge among those who cultivate the
soil. The earth is the great repository of
God's blessingsto man; and its rich and
bounteous products cannot be fully develop-
ed and prepared for his use an comfort-
without the aid of educated and well direct,
ed labor. * _

The great problem to be solved in Amen-
ean agriculture is, how to produce crops at
3 profit, and at the same time not only
maintain but increase the fertility of the
soil. This has been accomplished in some
of the older countries of Europe, and _the
soil which has been under constant cultiva-
tion for a thousand years or more, is richer
and more productive today than it was
when first reclaimed from the forest 01

moms.
If similar results are to be obtained in
this country, similar means must be put

forth.

There, Agricultural Departments, with
Ministers of Agriculture at the head, mod-
el farms for experimental purposes, stock
and dairy farms, agricultural colleges,
schools of physiology and agricultural
chemistry, schools of technology, and farm
schools where the rudiments of agricultural
science.are taught, have been established
and are maintained by the government;
and agricultural enquirers are employed
and kept constantly among the farms col-
lecting and imparting useful information
on all subjects relating to the operations of
the farm. ,

Agricultural and Industrial Schools in
this country are of but recent origin, and
have received but mea re public support
and encouragement, whi e Universities and
Colleges, with a course of study and all the
influences surrounding them literary and
professional rather than practical, have been
established, amply endowed, and liberally
supported. We have no fault to find with
the liberality shown to these institutions;
but does not the public good, and general
prosperity require that man should be edu-
cated for business and industrial pursuits,
as well as for professional life ‘I

As but comparatively few of the sons and
daughters of farmers can hope to receive
the advantages of the Agricultural Colleges,
and must depend upon the common school
for their educational advantages, should we
not devise s‘ome practical measures for car-
rying out the recommendations of this body,
made at its previous sessions, that “the
elements of scientific agritulture be taught
in our common schools ‘."’

Perhaps no other country in the world
places a higher estimate upon the value of a
prosperous agriculture for increasing the
nation's wealth and the general prosperity
of the people than France, and in addition
toall the encouragements and aid already
given to her agriculture by the government,
measures are now being inaugurated to in-
introduce the “Elements of Agricultural
Science” into all the common schools in
that country. Shall we be behind the young
Republic in this movement? These ques-
tions are important and should not be over-
looked in your deliberations.

LECTURERS’ DOCUMENTS.

The action of the National Grange in
requiring the National Lecturer to prepare
and send quarterly to the Masters of Subor-
dinate Granges and the Grange press a pro-
gramme of literary exercises, social recrea-
tion, and a comprehensive list of topics
suitable for discussion in Grange meetings,
has been faithfully carried out by that oili-
cer; and all who have examined these
documents cannot fail to be impressed with
the good judgment, taste and ability exhib-
ited in preparing and arranging the same.
The questions for discussion have been well
selected and are practical. I have received
many letters commending these documents,
and expressing great confidence in the ulti-
mate good which would come from them.
But you, brothers and sisters, coming fresh
from your several fields of labor, are able
to judge of their usefulness and will act
accordingly.

REPORTS or‘ MASTERS OF STATE GRANGES.

This was also a new departure in our
Grange work, and intended for a wise pur-
pose. There can be but little doubt of good
results from these reports if regularly made
by all Masters of Subordinate and State
Granges. It requires time to inaugurate a
new system of reports, coming from so many
omcers and so widely scattered; but some
progress has been made, and if the system is
to be continued, would it not be well to
prepare a suitable form of blanks to be used
by the Masters of Subordinate Granges for
these monthly reports '2

PRESENT CONDITION OF THE ORDER.

As State Masters are required by law to
report in writing to this body, the present
condition of the Order in their respective
States, for details on this subject I refer you
to their reports. Yet I cannot pass over
this question without expressing my con-
victions, founded upon correspondence, and
personal inquiries and observation while
among Patrons in several of the Western
States, that as a whole the work of the Order
is steadily moving onward, overcoming
prejudices and winning the approbation and
confidence. not only of farmers but of all
classes. Farmers who have hitherto with-
held their influence from the Grange, are
beginning to realize the necessity of united
action on the part of those engaged in agri-
cultural pursuits, to prevent their interests
from being wholly ruined by the over-
reaching power of the monopolies which
have been created by the legislation of the
country, and are looking to this organiza-
tion as the only medium through which
such action can be consummated. In some
of the States decided progress has been made
and the Order has become a power which
can no longer be ignored.

I appointed Deputies in the States of Ar-
kansas, Louisiana and Nebraska, to impart
instructions and take charge of the interests
of the Order in those States until such time
as the State Granges could be re-organized,
and resume their positions in the National
organization.

Arkansas has already reorganized, and
Louisiana is nearly ready to do so, but the
Deputy thought it wise to defer until the
winter months, when farmers would,.have
more leisure, and could devote more time to
Grange work. There are many worthy and
earnest members in Nebraska, and some
strong Granges; but the business failures,
and financial embarrassment which over-
whelmed their State Grange, has so impaired
their confidence in the State organization
that they have expressed a ver general
preference to remain at present w ere they
now are, under the jurisdiction of the Na-
tional Grange. There is work in these
States for the National Lecturer, and a ne-
cessity for a dissemination of more Grange
documents, and a more general circulation
of Grange journals and periodicals.

CONCLUSION.

It seems quite impossible to refer to all
the questions, in this communication, which
are likely to come before you at this session.
I have called your attention only to those
which I deem most important to the general
welfare of agriculture, and which relate
directly to the work of our organization.
Thefleld for work is broad, and it is your
duty to explore it well, and originate and
recommend measures for carrying forward
the work so well begun, and accomplishing
the great purposes for which we are organ-
ized. Let the members of our Order under-
stand and feel that the social, literary and;
refining influences, and financial benefits of
the Subordinate Grange, do not constitute

but we aim to make our influence rise above
and reach beyond all these, and benefit “our
country and mankind.”

In conclusion, I need make no apology
for referring to another growing evil in the
political system of our country. I have
reference to the spoil system, upon the altar
of which the President was sacrificed. In
France, I saw the President of that Repub-
lic following the remains of a General of the
French army to his last resting place. sur-
rounded by a bodyguard with drawn
weapons, ready to punish with instant death
any miscreant who should dare to do him
injury; and I asked myself if the time
would ever come when the President of this
Republic would be unsafe among the peo-
ple. It would be a reproach upon the good
name of the intelligent, liberty-loving peo-
ple of this country, to even imagine that the
life of their President would be unsafe
among them. But in the assassination of
President Garfield by a political fanatic, ar
there not reasons to inquire if the time has
not come when the newly-inaugurated
President is unsafe among the half million
irrepressible oflice seekers by whom heis
as~ailed, demanding their share of the spoils
of office as a reward for political services in
electing the President, who is made the
great dispenser of public patronage; and is
it strange that among the great number of
humiliated, xnaddened and disappointed
ones there should be one Guiteau ‘?

This system, wrong in principle and cor-
rupting in its influence, has been allowed to
grow up under our indulgence, until it is
now able to rear its giant form and demand
its oflice, or the life of the dispenser. It be-
comes, therefore, the duty of every states-
man, philanthropist and citizen, to seek the
cause of this terrible crime which has so
shocked the world and disgraced the good
name of our nation, and endeavor to remove
the cause. To this great purpose let us.
also, commit the influence of our Order.

With this session my term of office ex-

ires, and I shall return to the altar of the

range the emblem of ofiice with which I
have been invested for the past two years,
trusting that it may be placed upon one
better qualified to discharge the responsible
duties of the position, and inspire more
confidence and enthusiasm among the
members of our fraternity; and I ask you
and the members of our Order everywhere,
to give to my successor the same support
and encouragement that you have given to
me. May youudeliberations be harmonious,
your conclusions wise, and result in making
our principles better understood and appre-
ciated, anti more potent for accomplishing
the great objects set forth in our Declara-
tion of Purposes. J. J. VVOODMAN,

Master of the National Grange, P. of H.

The ‘Middleman in his Highest Development.

The following seems to be going the
rounds of our exchanges, under various
headings: Newspapers are opposed to the
drummer, as it cuts down their advertising,
and yet many of the papers that copy this
article are continually putting in free per-
sonals and puffs for this and that traveling
agent. These drummers and agents are
recognized by business m-rn as parasites on
the great body of trade, exceresence growing
on the commercial world, but few have the
nerve to take the knife to them. The busi-

ness main is born clever and obllging, and
hates a rumpus. He lives by his custom,
and fears to do anything that may lose any
of it, and so the drummer with his enor-
mous cost is allowed to live, and love, and
labor on. And some of them “love”
more than they labor, for the girls on every
side are “,mashed” by them, and every
little town has its scandal. But this is an-
other feature not mentioned by our ex-
changes, who are after their loss in adver-
tising: ‘

“ During the past few years there has been
a manifest change, on the part of wholesale
merchants, in the appreciation of the value
of travelers as compared with newspaper
advertising. A firm of heavy dealers in
Chicago about three years ago dispensed
with its drummers, and for the purpose
of experiment expended the amount of
their annual expenses in advertising, with
such excellent results as to cause them to
do away with drummers altogether. Other
firms in various parts of the country are
said to have done likewise.

“ The cost of ‘drummers’ is enormous. It
is stated that the weekly cost of the com-
mercial traveler of New York city alone
for railroad fares and hotel bills exceeds
half a million dollars. Add to this their
salaries, which are not less than half a mil-
lion, and it will be seen that the annual cost
of drummers of that one city exceeds 50,-
000,000. The same proportionate cost pre-
vails throughout the country.

“ Merchants are beginning to see that the
results do not justify this outlay, and that
the methods of many drummers are such
that the interests of legitimate tradesmen
would be as well, if not better secured by
newspaper advertising, and at much less
expense. The newspaper nowadays reaches
every household and every dealer, and
addresses thousands, where the commercial
traveler addresses one, a fact that is being
appreciated more and more everyday by
merchants, wholesale as well as ret.ail.—B':c.

Triplet Maxims.

Three things to love—courage, gentleness
and afl‘ection. Three things to admire-in-‘
tellect, dignity and gracefulness. Three
things to hate—cruelty, arrogance and in-
gratitude. Three things to delight in-
beauty, frankness and freedom. Three
things to wish for—health, friends, and a
contented spirit. Three things to like——
cordiality, good humor and cheerfulness.
Three things to avoid— idleness, loquacity
and flippant jesting. Three things to con-
tend for—-honor, country and friends. Three
things to teach—truth, industry and con-
tentment. Three things to govern—our
temper, our tongue, and our conduct. Three
things to cherish—virtue, wisdom and good-
ness. Three things to do—-live, think, act

THE Grange is the only National organ-
ization of farmers known to the civilized
world, and it it not only the duty, but act-
ually necessary that every farmer should be-
long to some organization, competent to
afford protection and promote the interests
of his caning, We see no reason wh every
farmer should notbe a Patron of usban-

all of the objects and purposes of our Order,

dry.

THE FARMER AND THE RAILROADS.

The farmer. in the paper,
Read the editorial mentions

That the public welfare rested
On political conventions;

But the trees had leaved and blossomed,
And the grass continued growing ;

All the sprouts of corn were starting,
And the farmer went on hoeing.

The wheat grew white and yellow,
And the corn was nicely growing :

The farmer smoked his pipe in peace,
And ‘bout his turnips went on hoeing.

All this time the railroad men
VVere busy shaping things political.
Why, apparently no one knew—
The farmer least of all was critical 1

For the earth was filled with plenty,
And the time was past for hoeing,

Markets everywhere were bare-
Surely prospects pow were growing.

But when the farmer shipped his grain,
Little caring, little knowing,

What freights were charged to market it.
It left a truly sorry showing.

The price was high, but so were freights:
Instead of rich it left him owing,

Then wroth the farmer quick became.
Quotli be, What is the use of sowing‘!

We laws must have to fair decide

What share the carrier, what the grower:
But when he came to get the laws,

He found ‘twas quite beyond his power.

The railroad men had busy been
Shaping and moulding things politcal:
The reason why now plain to all,
The situation somewhat critical.
MORAL.

If farmers will not take an interest in
public affairs they may expect to be preyed
upon by the railroads. Railroad men how
boldly advocate a new princi le of fixing
charges—-viz., “ what the tra c will bear,"
instead of the old one upon which carriers’
charges were based——“ cost of service.” Once
recognize the new theory with watered stock
for an excuse and the new pooling system
furnishingthe power—the productions of a
continent are largely at the mercy of the
corporations which the people have created.
In order to perpetuate this system, railroad
managers naturally seek political power.
Both the chairmen of the Democratic and
Republican National Committees at this
time are railroad men, and railroad money.
is largely relied upon to run the political
machines. Congress, and also many of our
State Legislatures, are controlled by the
railroads. First, through officers or direc-
tors, who become legislators for that pur-
pose; second, and perhaps more large-y,
through members of the legal profession
who are also legislators, and are retained as
" counsel” by the railroads; third, through
special favors shown all the members.

Is it not about time that the farmers, who
constitute by far the largest single interest
in this country, and whose productions are
the basis of all our prosperity, should have
something to say about the amount they are
taxed for transportation i’ In Engla the
Farmers’ Alliance held the balance of wer
at the last general election. What is to
prevent their organizing in every assembly
and Congressional District here, and take an
interest in politics which would not only
protect their own interest, but bean efiicient
check upon the encroachments of corpora-
tions which have been so great of late that
all patriotic citizens must view their in-
creasing power with alarm ?—Daz'ly Graph-
ac.

n__

The Texas Cow.

Mr. Webster says that the cow is “a quad-
ruped whose abundant milk furnishes food
and profit to the farmer.” Mr. Webster
does not give the cow as much attention as
she deserves, and when he talks of abund-
ant milk he proves beyond all question that
he is densely ignorant concerning the Texw
cow.

There are several kinds of cows; for in-
stance there is the town cow, a ver enter-
prising animal, that breaks into t e front
garden at night and crowds- her stomach
with valuable shrubs and costly tropical
plants, and sleeps on the sidewal in con-
veniently dark places, where people can fall
over her without getting out of their way.
Then there is the country cow that you see
imchromos, standing meditatively in shal-
low streams or pools of water with her tail
furled in the shape of a letter S over her
back, or being driven home in the twilight
along shady lanes by bare-footed boys--that
same cow that, out of the picture is always
breaking into the corn fields and being
chased by dogs and infuriated farmers.
And there is the cow with the crumpled
horn, and the ambitious cow whose lunar
feat is recorded in the ancient nursery
rhyme, but more important than any of
these is what might be called the literary
cow-the one that, ornamented with frag-
ments of the English alphabet, roams over
the Texas prairies; she has no pedigree and
is seldom found at agricultural shows or
stock exhibitions. She is built in the Tu-
dor style of architecture. and is principally
composed of lean rib roasts and soup bones
attached to a wide spreading pair of horns.
Her time is mostly taken u in eating grass
and in trying to lose herself?

A Texas cow, when she is new, is worth
from $10 to $15. She is called old after she
has lived eight years, unless her enterprising
owner files the wrinkles off her horns; then
she can bedriven to town and sold for a
new cow, guaranteed to give three gallons of
pure milk a day.

As the Texas cow, raised on the prairie, is
seldom educated up to three gallons a day,
and would starve rather than eat bran or
slops, the city man finds that he, as well as
the cow. has been well sold, and when his
wife calls him an old fool and says that she
told him so all along, he goes offand bribes
the butcher to take the cow otl‘ his hands.
The butcher kills her and advertises the
remains as “ choice corn-fed.”

There are millions of cows in Texas;
some men own morfi than 100,000 head of
cattle. There are several cattle owners who
each brand from 5,000 to 20,000 calves every
year. The owner brands his calves with
either the initials of his name or a combina-
tion of letters, figures and hieroglypics, and
when he sells he puts his brand on a fresh
place on the animal ; this is called counter-
branding. Then the new owner puts his
brand, consisting of three or four two-foot
letters on a blank space. After a Texas cow
has been sold five or six times she looks as
if a sum in algebra had broken out all over
her. There are two kinds of branding irons
and two modes of branding; one iron is of

3

the shape of the.letter or letters forming
the brand and, being heated, is stamped on
the animal’s side or hip and held there un-
til it burns through the hair and almost
through the skin. The other, called a run-
ning brand, is a long piece of iron curved at
the end. VVith this, the curved end bem
hot, the person branding writes the bran
much after the free and fluent style in which
shipping clerks mark boxes. In the most
common mode of branding the animal - is
thrown down and the head held down to
the ground until the owner's name is blown
in the bottle, as it were. The less common
way is to drive the animal into a narrow
passage, called a chute, just wide enough
for it to squeeze through, and while it is in
this tight place it is cauterized. _

After all this trouble taken by man, with
a view to improve and ornament the cow.
the ungrateful brute fails to show any ap-
preciation of the kindness, and even ‘groans
and kicks when the artists applies the iron.
So dissatisfied does she seem that one would
almost be compelled to believe she does not
care to receive and circulate the English
alphabet. There is no enterprise about a
cow anyhow, expect in chewing up the
family underclothing and in the matter of
lifting a garden gate off its hinges or a milk-
maid off her stool.—Texa8 Siflings.

PAINT for PATBONS.

THE BEST AND CHEAPEST.
Immense Reduction in Prices lrom April 15. 188i.
FREIGHT FREE.

l]uarlerman’s Ready-Mixed Paints.

Used by Patrons all Over the Land.
QUABTERMANS GUIDE TO PAINTING

WITH SAMPLE COLORS RENT FREE TO ANY PATBM.
fseud for our Prices before purchasing elm-

where. Address
E. A. QUARTERNIAN,

maylb-6m 159 South Street, New York City.

CLOTHES WASHER.
‘ E are re ared to furnish our justly Celebratd
CLO’ S WASHERS in large numbers.
We have been unable, until lately, to supply the in-
creasing demand. The Washer is now in tin
operationin more than a hundred families in 1:11":
vicinity, and its merits are fully established.
SCHOOLCRAFT WASHER O0.‘

Schoolci-aft. June 28th, 1881. julyl-tf

LEIOI-IIGAN' ‘CENTRAL E. R-
or-zrnuzrunx or rnams anon KALAKAEOO.

TIME-TABLE ——!lAY 9, 1880.
WE}.-l'I'WAH.D.

Accommodation leavmt,
“ urrl

Local }‘ E ,

Evening Express,_-___.___----___.__-___-..__-_,
Pacific Express, ‘
Mail

P97 §xi>r9ss.-—-_—,—.,—._.-——-—-——_—-—------_-----‘ -

EASYWARD.

Night Express, _______ _-
Accommodation leavea,-
“ arrives,
flail
Day Expr-an ‘
New York Express, _________________ __‘____-
Atlantic Expraaa,-__--____..--_--_______--I___-
New York, Atlantic and Pacific Expresses and Local Pann-
gor daily. All other trains daily except Sunday.
H. B. Lsnraan, Gen Manager, Dctrdt.
E. C. Brown, Aas't Gen. Supt., Jackson.
Hunt 0. Wnnwoa-is, G. P. t '1‘. A., Ohic-ago.

L. S. & Dd-

KALAMAZO0 DIVISION TIIIKE TABLE.

(‘lime 15 minutes faster than Kalamazoo.)

GOING SOUTH.

' '”"TITr'sTéTi'fi(" T 13' "_—“
__,.__._,_  . _ _  _ .  §§l’_"_'15j‘1! Mlw“ ""
Le. Grand Rapids. _____ -..._---.I 8 ooix‘; 4 so pnri
Ar. Allegnn _____ -._._-____-_---l 91'! " 1 606 "
Ar. Kalamazoo __--- __-- 10 15 “ ‘
Ar. Schoolcraft _.._ ‘

GOING NORTH.
N Y a B’)? T16

mlltx R hl‘Express.:w" tr‘

_ 12 is imam 35AM

Ar. Allegan -_.....__-____-__._-
Gnnd Baplds___-__-___..._____

All trains connect at White Pigeon with trains on main
A G

. . AIEDIK,
Supt. Kalamazoo Division,

CHICAGO & GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY.
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. NOVEMBER 15.

SCHOOLCRAFT::

J. T. Cons, - - - - Scnootcaarr.

THE VISITOR FOR l882——SPEClAL OFFER.

To ten new subscribers for three months we
will send the VISITOR for .......... --$l 00

Five copies, six months-__----__.._--_ 1 25
even copies, one year ............. -- 5 00

From Nov. 1,1881 to Jan. 1, 1883, (14

months) ___________________________ -- 50

The success of the current volume of the
Vrsrron in its enlarged form has been quite
satisfactory. Many of our friends have
done good work in obtaining subscribers.
The acquaintance it made with farmers
outside the Order of P. of H. by our offer to
send it three months to ten names for $1.00
has been of some advantage to its subscrip-
tion list, though not as great as it would
have been had the work been done two
months earlier. As it was we had over
2,500 three months subscribers, whose time
did not expire until the busy season of the
year with farmers so engrossed their atten-
tion that its non-appearance was not ob-
served, and our friends who had obtained
these subscribers were likewise so absorbed
with the pressing duties of the spring and
summer they could not canvass for a con-
tinuance.

Busy people must be reminded of the ex-
piration of their subscription, or in the
busy season of the year they will hardly
find it out in a month, and this remark
applies with more force to subscribers to a
semi monthly than to a weekly paper.

This is a particularly favorable time to in-
terest those outside the Order in the VISITOR,

Mr. N. W. Green has not yet served no-
tices upon farmers and others in all parts of
the State to walk up to the Captain's office
and settle, but ‘as he has distributed several
thousand of them in several counties, his
purpose to bleed every owner of a driven
well in the State is well established.

The determination of the Patrons of the
State to resist the demand, and the prompt
action of the Executive Committee of the
State Grange to provide means and meas-
ures for resistance, have brought the Order
to the favorable notice of all parties inter-
ested in the defense.

As the VISITOR is in a position to keep
well posted in relation to every feature of
this matter as it is developed, we hope those
who desire to be correctly informed will be
induced to subscribe for the paper for one
year, and we can safely depend on their
future support, if in its first year it is care-
fully read. It is conceded that the VISITOR
is a valuable auxiliary 111 G"-"Be W01'k. and
deserves the support of every Patron in the
State. But, as we have often said, this
matter is one that will not take care of it-
self. Is it not then the duty aswell as the in-
terest of every Grange to appoint a solicit-
ing committee whose duty it shall be to try
and have the paperaregular VISITOR to
every family having members in the Grange
and the additional duty should be imposed
on the committee of canvassing the neigh-
borhood, and obtaining subscribers from
those outside the _Order. No better plan
can be adopted to strengthen the Grange,
and add to its membership-

Specimen copies for distribution sent to
any of our friends on application.

We renew our offer to send ten copies to
any post-oflice three months to new trial
subscribers for $1.00. Five copies, six
months for $1.25. Eleven copies, one year,
85,00. As a special inducement we offer to
all new subscribers for 1882 the remaining
numbers of 1881, or the VISITOR for fourteen
months for 50 cents.

Will not our friends secure a thousand
new subscribers on this offer before Decem-
ber 1st. They can if they will.

THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE’S CIRCULAR
THE NEWSPAPERS.

AND

By direction of the Executive Committee
we sent a copy of their Circular to each of
the 400 newspapers of Michigan, with a_ re-
quest for publication. We have Of 0011138
seen but a comparatively small number of
these papers since sending them the Circular.
We were somewhat curiousto know how
this request would be treated, and what
comments it would call out.

Of the papers that we have since chanced
to see, several have acknowledged the re-
ceipt of the circular and made brief refer-
ence to the subject matter merely as an item
of news, sometimes adding that, on account
of its length, they were unable to publish
the circular in full. Now, we venture to

assert that not one of these valuable period-
icals had asingle article in its issue of as
much real interest to its readers as this cir-
cular, and we might safely go farther, and
say with regard to the most of them that if
the matter of its issue (when so short of
room) had all been boiled down to a half
column article, that article would have been
1,, important to its readers than this same

circular.

Other papers have printed the circular of
the committee in full, yet we have so far
failed to see one word of editorial comment
upon this odious patent law which for all
these years has permitted a class of sharpers
to extort money from innocent victims.

The purpose of a Michigan newspaper
seems to be to report facts and falsehoods
indiscriminately with little or no regard to
remedies for obvious wrongs. It is enough
for a newspaper to say that Mr. Snooks has
been defrauded out of any given sum of
money. It is careful to go no farther, and
say that it was done legally, and point out
the vicious features of a law that has per
mitted the fraud to be perpetrated. and
direct attention to the parties responsible
for its existence and continuance, or suggest

to its readers any remedy.

The press long ago claimed for itself not
only a distinguished place as an educator,
but as the great engine or motive power of
progress in our civilization its claim to
surpass in efliciency all other means known
to man has not been disputed.

But there is manifestlya want of inde-
pendence in the country press. Its man-
agement dare not strike any blows lest some
advertiser or some politician. or somebody
gets hit. There are exceptions. but as a rule
the country newspaper has little or no inde-
pendence, and largely fails in its opportun-
ities for doing good.

THE WORLD MOVES, AND SO DOES THE MICHI-
GAN FARMER.

Some of our readers will remember that
in the VISITOR of April 1st, current volume,
we called their attention to “ The only Ag-
ricultural Paper Published in Michigan,”
and criticised the Michigan Farmer for
keeping a statement standing year after
year at the head of its editorial page, which
neither its editors, publishers or the general
public believed. I

‘As this foolish whirpper, that deceived no
one, remained standing for some months
after we had called the attention of the
editor of the Farmer in our mild way to it,
we had supposed that the management of
the Farmer were hiding behind the old
saying that " a lie well stuck to is as good as
the truth.” Last week we chanced to pick
up a copy of the Farmer in a neighboring
ofiice, and turning to its editorial page, we
found that whopper, so conspicuously dis-
played for 10! these many years, had been
expunged. Well, Bro. Farmer, we don’t
belong. to any church, but we are Christian
enough to forgive and forget (as soon as we
can) that little idiosyncrasy of yours which
caused you to believe that harmless whopper
—“ The Only Agricultural Paper Published
in Michigan”—-standing prominently at the
head of your editorial page, was worth some-
thing to you.

As the Farmer has outgrown this delusion
it will please accept our congratulations at
this evidence of increasing courage and re-
turning honesty. and without malice or
memory of the past, we invite it to EX-
CHANGE.

THE DEATH OF L. E. TAYLOR.

On the evening of November 1st, we re-
ceived a letter from Mr. Loren Day, of the
firm of Day & Taylor, of Grandville, con-
taining the sad intelligence of the death at
8:45 A. 21., that day, of his partner, Bro.
Lafayette E. Taylor. He came to his death
by the accidental discharge of a gun in the
hands of a hunter, near Manton, Wexford
county. We have not been informed of the
particulars of the accident. _

Bro. Taylor leaves a wife but no children.
Our acquaintance with him, covering a
period of seven years, enables us to say that
he possessed in a pre-eminent degree those
qualities which make up the most valuable
citizen. He was honest, industrious, and
enterprising, as well as genial, kind, and
considerate. Possessed of rare business
qualifications, he was one of those men who
would have been esteemed in any commu-
nity fortunate enough to claim him as one of
its citizens. But we will not anticipate the
sad duty that devolves on his nearer Patron
friends by farther reference to our esteemed
Brother.

We learn from authority that the manu-
facturing business of the late firm will con-
tinue without interruption. Its contract
with ‘the Executive Committee of the State
Grange will be made good by the surviving
member, Bro. Loren Day.

A large amount of plaster rock has been
got out and is in good order for winter
grinding, and nearly 3,000 tons have been
already ground in advance, that orders may
be filled as promptly as the supply of cars
on the several railroads will warrant.

 

VIE CAN'T DO IT.

VISTULA, Oct. 9, 1881.
Brother J. T. Cbbb .-—-Please send my
paper, the Vrsrron, to Vistula, Elkhart Co.,
ind. L.‘ P. VALENTINE.

If Bro. Valentine will tell us where we
have been sending his paper we will com-
ply with his request, but we have no time
to look over a few thousand names to find
his former postoflice address. We can’t
afford to send a paper to each place.

THE Worthy Lecturer of Elk Lake
Grange, No. 469, writes encouragingly of
that Grange. Its membership is increasing
and its future promising.

 

MICHIGAN STATE GRANGE—NINTH SESSION.

The ninth session of the State Grange
will be called to order by Worthy Master
Luce, in the Hall of the House of Represen-
tatives, in the new Capitol Building in the
city of Lansing, at 10 o'clock A. 11., four
weeks from to-day. VVith this statement
we might stop, satisfied that we had done
our duty to the thousands of Patrons of
Michigan by giving this general notice. But
there are several other things we are think-
ing about in connection with the facts
stated. VVe have not time to moralize on
the work done by the Order in this State,
during these nine years, and pass it all by to
say that the Order of Patrons of Husbandry
has obtained such a standing in the State
aDto make them welcome annual visitors at
the State Capitol ; and we credit the officers
of the State Government not only with an
annual, cordial welcome, but with a dispo-
sition to afibrd every facility for the conven-
ience and enjoyment not only of the officers
and members of the State Grange, but also
of all visiting members of the Order. The
Order has increased in membership the last
year, and also in faith and work. This ap-
pears by our books and by our correspon-
dence, and we shall be disappointed if addi-
tional evidence is not furnished by the large
number of Patrons that will give the signal
at the door of the ante-room in the State
House, the third week in December. From
different parts of the State we hear that
more than the usual number are coming
and we are glad to hear it, for there is no
better time or place to strengthen the Order
than its annual session of legislative mem-
members. What is there seen and heard by
the visiting members, enlarges their views
and gives them a clearer conception of the
importance and value of the Order.

The universal testimony of those who
attend these annual meetings, confirms this
statement, and more—those who come never
return home complaining that they have
not been compensated in positive enjoyment
for the time and expense incurred.

Railroad arrangements for reduced rates,
have not yet been completed, but as the rail-
roads of this State have a standing rule, as
well as usage, to charge those attending
conventions, societies and other important
meetings, two cents a mile each way, for
round trip tickets, we think it safe to calcu-
late on this usual reduction to all who desire
to attend the State Grange at Lansing, this
year.

We think the hotel accommodations will
be ample when supplemented as they always
have been by boarding houses and private
residences at reasonable rates.

Fellow Patrons, all of you who can,
should make your calculations to attend this
session of the State Grange. Your attend-
ance will do you good, benefit the Order and
leave impressed on your memory afiiright
page to which you will look back with sat-
isfaction in future years.

 

THE DRIVEN WELL.

This matter, like everything that goes to
court, has not made any very great progress
toward a final solution of the case since our
last issue. That our readers may the better
understand the status of this driven well
business, we will briefly recite what has
come to our knowledge.

Mr. N. W. Green made his late drop first
upon the people of Ottawa county, freely
scattering his notices to come and settle
In due time through an agent he brought
suit to collect royalty, against 30 farmers of
the county.

In the meantime he applied to Judge
Withey, of the United States District Court
for the Western District, for an injunction
to restrain users of driven wells in this ju-
dicial district from using such wells until
the question of the validity of Mr. Green’s
patent shall be determined.

These parties employed an attorney of
Grand Haven to defend, and at the first
hearing Mr. Green made such a showing
that Mr. Stuart for the defense, asked for
more time to obtain testimony, and was
granted thirty days. As Mr. Green was ex-
tending his business into other counties,
and evidently intended to cover the State
with c1aims',if he could make them hold water,
the Executive Committee of the State
Grange determined, in behalf of the Patrons
of the State who were exposed to an attack
from Mr. Green, to prepare for defense.

By issuing a circular advising Patrons not
to pay, until the claim had been judicially
passed upon, and by providing a plan to
raise a Defense Fund, the preliminary steps
were taken.

H. D. Platt, of Ypsilanti, to whom the
Executive Committee determined to com-
mit the matter of defense, engaged Messrs.
Beakes & Cutcheon, of Detroit,. as counsel,
and by an arrangement made with the at-
torneys employed by the defense in the Ot-
tawa County cases, these gentlemen were to
assist in the injunction suit which was to
have a second hearing by the court on Satur-
day the 5th inst. On the following Monday,
Bro.Platt wrote us that points of the de-
fense were so well taken that Mr. Green
asked for ten days more time. This request
was granted, and the judge also granted as
much more time to the defense to make
answer, and set the 15th of December as the
time for hearing the argument of counsel.

This is briefly the present status of the

case as it stands in court. On our part, we

have been making some effort to provide the
“sinews of war,” in order to make such de-
fense as the importance of the case demands.
Now while there are plenty of people that
have a direct pecuniary interest in this mat-
ter and are quite willing to pay their dollar
to this Defense Fund, yet without some
definite arrangements and some system-
atic work, those dollars will never find
their way into that fund. The State Grange
of Michigan, through its Executive Com-
mittee, have undertaken to furnish the ma-
chinery by which a defense shall be main-
tained, if the evidence can be anywhere
unearthed, that shall effectually overthrow
Mr. Green’s venerable claim.

In undertaking this work it must be dis-
tinctly understood that the State Grange
does not propose to furnish any money from
its treasury. Whatever funds it may have
were not raised for such a purpose, and will
not be so applied. To maintain this defense
will cost a considerable sum of money,
which must be provided by the Subordinate
Granges of the State, and by those outside
who are disposed to resist this effort of Mr.
Green to get something for nothing. As the
matter stands, we must look to the Granges
of the State to take the preliminary steps to
raise this fund.

While we are not disposed to direct, we
take the liberty to suggest that this matter
be first discussed at your Grange meeting.
Next issue a call for a public meeting of all
interested. At such meeting havea Presi-
dent and Treasurer elected, and appoint a
committeeman in each school district of the
township, to solicit contributions to this
fund. Interest, as much as possible,
those outside the Order, and devolve work
upon them. ‘With a permanent President
and Treasurer, correspondence can be had
with this ofiice, and printed matter furnish-
ed on call. Whatever the outcome may be,
this labor will by no means be lost.

The people, through this agitation, will
learn the odious features of our patent laws

and hold their representatives in Congress
responsible for their continuance.

EACH fortnight brings to light more
Grange halls in Michigan. We add ten to
our list since last issue. You see we don I
intend to stop until we knowjust how many
Granges own halls in Michigan and their

   
  
 
   
  

value. Who next ‘.7
‘SAME or GRANGE. N0. S}I1zAEL';f VALUF
Waverly, ................... _- 36 243152 8 .... _-
Cascade, _________________ __ (R3 22x48 600
Home,--__ 129 20x40 500
Pittsford,-_ 133 18x36 300
Pipestone, 194 24x40 600
Virgennes, 221 24x48 1,000
Lapeer, _-.- 2.46 16x2-t ____ -_
Ganges, -__ ____ __ 24x60 ____ _-
Ellena, 350 20x42 800
Otsego 364 25x60 L200
Ravenn 373 21x50 1,500
Michl an Lake Shore 407 25x50 1,200
Allen ale, _____________ -- 421 22x40 600
Wlndsor,_--_ 619 20x36 ____ _-
Silver Lake, 624 18x40 400
Alton, _____ -_ 634 20x40 500
Balnbridge, _ 80 ....--__--- l,000
I earl, _____ __ Bl . 32x60 800
Danby, ---- __________ -_ 185 20x40 400
Home, - 188 22x36 -100
Molin ______ __ 248 24x50 1,000
Berlin Center,- 272 28x40 1,500
Independence, 275 26x56 550
Trowbrldge, ...... _- 296 26x60 1,-I00
Mt. Hope, ______ -_ 87 18x40 600
Cheshire Banne 520 22x40 600
Trent, ....... __ 372 30x60 1,800
Madison, ___- 384 22x40 %
En sley Center ___ 51-1 20x-10 ‘
Griswold Center, __________ -_ 564 24x40 300
Ferris ________ __ _ 440 22x40 550
Groveland, 4-1x30 1,500
Conway, __ 20150 600
Fruit, .......... _- 20x30 800
Keene, 270 --__
Fraternity, ................ _. 52 ________ _- 700
Willow, 22x50 900
Libert , 24x50 800
Mt. Ta 0 24x50 1,200
p .... -_ 30x50 1,500
________ _- 1,000
25x60 2,000
25x60 ........ ..
20x40 200
24x44 500
22x50 750
20x31% 500
24x48 1,100
22x40 365
18x30 —-------_-
fix-10 700
26x60 3,000
26x60 400
____ __ 1,200
20x40 ........ __
18x40 600
.... -- ' 500
24x50 600
28x60 1,000
18x-12 1,000
29x40 1,000
20x30 300
26x40 ________ __
23x44 800
26x50 800
24x48 1,000
16x40 300
20x45 1,000
21x44 750
24x50 600
26x46 760

THE RAILROAD COMMISSIONER.

J ust‘before going to press we received the
communication found on our fifth page
from W. B. Williams, the present Commis-
sioner of Railroads of this State. By the
same mail we received copies of the report of
the Commissioner for the years of 1877, ’7 8,
’79, and '80, together with a copy of Michi-
gan Railroad Laws as compiled under the
direction of the Commissioner.

Q,-uoting from its prefactory introduction
we find : “ This compilation is intended to
embrace all laws now in force which have a
general application to railroads as well as
to special Acts of the last few years,‘ whose
provisions seem to be of general import-
ance.” A brief digest of the decisions of
the Supreme Court on railroad questions is
also attached, with a list of cases reported to
and including the June term of 1881.

Commissioner Williams will please accept
our thanks for these documents. We hope
to get time soon to‘1ook them over and shall
make reference to them in’ future.

As the Commissioner has well said, “ He
is dealing with the most dimcult problem,
State and national, of the day,” and we do

not forget that he is not responsible for the

many impositions practiced upon the peo-
ple by railroad corporations.

We shall be glad to contribute as Opportu-
nity is afforded to a better understanding of
this whole subject by the people, who are so
interested in this matter.

THE LADIES’ DEPARTMENT.

We had become a little alarmed when the
inside of this number went to press with
only one article in the Ladies’ Department,
and that, though from one of our contribu-
tors, was taken from an exchange. But it
turned out a matter of tardiness rather than
of desertion, which brings this department
on to our fifth page this time. We had
missed Aunt Kate's practical letters, and
are glad to know that she is able and willing
to contribute to this department. As we
remember, the article to which she refers
was not rejected, but being of a sort that
had good keeping qualities, and not then
needed, we laid it aside for future use, and
it had been nearly forgotten. This “Visit to
the Editor” has given us a reminder, and
we shall look it up.

WE do not like to assume that the Visrroa
is paid for, taken from the postofiice, and
not read; but occasionally in conversation
with a subscriber that we chance to meet, it
crops out by the questions he asks that he
has not read the Vrsrroa but in part, if at
all. It is for this reason that we sometimes
call attention to what is on the inside of the
paper. VVe find short articles are much
more likely to be noticed than long ones.
On our second page will be found the ad-
dress of VVorthy Master VVoodman delivered
before the National Grange in the city of
Washington at its fourteenth session. We
think this mention is sufiicient to cause
every true Patron to give this STATE PAPI-IR
a careful perusal. :-

   

RAILROAD MANAGEMENT.

From an exchange we clip an extract from
a speech of Sir Henry Tyler, M. l’., and
now President of the Grand Trunk railway.
There are two important points made in
this speech, to which we invite attention:
First-—the urzreliability of these men occu-
pying positions that give them power more
potent to affect the interests of the people of
this country than is possessed by the Presi-
dent of the United States. The highest
ambition of some of'these big fellows seems
to be to circumvent the other big fellows,
and an agreement between them goes for
nothing if its violation will give them an
advantage.

Secondly—the testimonv of this witness
as to the value of public opinion in correct-
ing acknowledged abuses. The railroads.
for the last score of years, have had posses-
sion of the legislative bodies of the country,
and they will have until the people give
their representatives to understand that
their oflicial existence depends on their
efforts to protect by honest legislation the
rights of the people.

All this goes to confirm what has been so
often proved, that railway management has
largely fallen into the hands of unscrupulous
men. The law unto themselves which so
so often sets aside the rights of the people,
and which is so often found convenient by
shrewd managing railroad ofiicials, is often
equivalent to the highwayman’s rule, that
the end justifies the means.

“On one occasion when I was in America
some years since, I had the honor to meet
the Presidents of the other four trunk lines.
and we all agreed that it was very stupid
and very silly to out each other’s throats;
we promised to be good boys, and that we
would not have any cutting in future. We
agreed that we would bu up certain con-
tracts which had been made by the Wabash
company to carry below the authorized
rates. Mr. Vanderbilt promised to supply
one-third of the money requisite to buy up
those contracts, and the other companies
were to find the rest between them. We
thought we were going to have a real reform
and a better state of things as regards rates.
From that time forward for several months
rates went from bad to worse, and I could
not understand it at all. I believed that
they were acting in good faith, and I still
believe they were, almost all of them. But
what happened ? We found at the end of a
few months that a certain millionaire bought
up the majority of the shares :'n the Michi-
gan Central railway, and Mr. Garrett told
me when he came over in the following
spring that he could not previously under-
stand it, but he had come to the conclusion
that Mr. Vanderbilt wanted to buy the
shares of the Michigan Central road at a
cheap rate. That appeared to be the main
reason why the rates had been kept down.”

President Tyler then gave a history of the
first cutting of passen er fares, and the part
played by the Grand runk. “ When,” he
said, “we found the passenger fares going
down, and down, and down, at last we
thought we would go to the bottom, and we
put the passenger fares down to $5 between
New England and Chicago. As regards
freight rates, we have had no part in it; but
as regards the passenger rates, when they
were found to be going down and down, at
last we went to the bottom, and there we
are.” He spoke well of Commissioner
Fink’s honesty, “ and we are always ready
to go before Mr. Fink and let him settle all
these disputes, and are ready to ‘abide by his
decisions, and Mr. Fink knows it.” Speak-
ing of the remedies for these trunk line
troubles, President Tyler said :

"The only remedy I have to suggest is-
one of which I have had some experience.
When '1 was a government inspector of
railways, I set to work some 15 years ago to
see how I could best-—what is not so directly
in accordance wi.h my present position-
bring about a reform in enforcing improve-
ments in the interest of safety on directors of

railways in this country. We hadagreat

 

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ififf? .9

I
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5.
i
I.
i


NOVEMBER 15. 1881.

deal of discussion at different times as to
how we could get improvements made upon
railways. ‘Many peo le advocated legisla-
tion; some advocate one thing and some
another. I always said there is only one
way in which we can act upon railway com-
panies, and that is by public opinion. All
you have to do is to find out the the truth of
everything that happens and clearly state
it, and the public will do the rest. The
remedy I shall now propose for the state of
things in America is just the same. I have
seen it succeed admirably for one good object
in England, and I believe it will succeed
equally well with our present object in
America. If American gentlemen would
themselves set to work to discover who are
these people who lower the rates and what
they do it for, and would publish without
fear, favor or affection the results of their
discoveries, I believe the cure would not be
far distant. I have given you the various
theories which have been started to account
for it, and if they would set to work to find
out what are the causes operating——whether
they are speculators bearing stock, or buying
up stocks—if they would discover the true
“inwardness,” as they term it, of all these
recent operations, and set it clearly before
the American public. I am sure it would do
more to stop this abominable state of things
than anything else that we can devise.”

Commenting on this speech, the London
(Eng.) Globe says:

“The regnant remarks made by Sir
Henry yler, M. P., in his capacity as
President of the Grand Trunkarailway, at
the shareholders’ meeting on Thursday
last. when he alluded to the present ‘ war
of rates’ so fiercely raging on the American
continent, are worthy of the most serious
consideration by all European investors in
American railway stocks. It seems almost
incredible, but it is nevertheless the actual
fact, that the interest-yielding power of the
share and loan capital of the Trunk lines in
the United States, amounting to hundreds
of millions of dollars, is absolutely at the
mercy of a few unscrupulous speculators,
more favorably known by the compliment-
ary title of railway kings. The existing
depression of rates, far below anything that
can be conceived in this country, is not
caused by keen competition among long
lines of railroad for an attenuated tratiic. It
is due solely to the arbitrary determination
ofasingle individual to do as much harm
as he can to the property of his neighbors
for the purpose of sustaining what he con-
eeives to be his legal monopoly; and, by
diminishing the earning power of other
railroads, to depreciate their stocks, and so
bring the bulk of the voting power into
his insatiable grasp. This end achieved,
the same powerful authority puts up the
rates, and up go the stocks and he can either
'unload’ at an immense profit to himself, or
hold his purchases for the purpose of uni-
versal control. Sir Henry Tyler is perfectly
right in saying that nothing short of the
strong pressure of outraged public opinion
can put a stop to such highhanded and
practically dishonest proceedings. In the
meantime English speculators would do
well to be cautious how they trust their
golden sovereigns to the tender mercies of a
management over which they can exercise
no sort of control.”

thmmuniratinur.

Reply from the Railroad Commissioner.

OFFICE or COMMISIONER or RAILROADS, 1,
LANSING, ‘Nov. 9, 1881. ;

Editor of the Grange Visitor, Schoalcraft, Mich:

DEAR SIR:—I11 your issue of November
1, I noticed a communication entitled, “ For
what purpose is our Railroad Commissioner
appointed ?—a mystery cleared up,” signed
“ C.” ; also your editorial upon the subject.
The last is clearly in the right vein, and in-
dicates an intention not to judge without
knowing the “law and the facts; " and
your statement that “we want to hear more
on this subject” is a very proper one. Had
your correspondent “ C.” adopted the same
eaution he would probably not so readily
have cleared up the mystery as he appears
to have done. I desire to state that the
subject of “large damages awarded against
railroad companies” was not considered, nor
brought before the convention at Atlanta in
any manner or form ; and in order that you
may be more fully informed on that subject,
I send you, by this mail, an oflicial copy of
the proceedings of the convention at At-
lanta.

To attempt to answer your suggestion in
regard to the duties of this office, would
involve too much matter to burden your
paper with. I send you, however, a copy
of the Compiled Railroad Laws for 1881,
embracing also a digest of decisions of the
Supreme Court and the Act defining the
powers and duties of the Commissioner of
Railroads, from which you can derive such
information for publication as you may from
time to time desire. I may further say that
in my report, to be out in a few days, I will
give a full synopsis of the powers and duties
of this oflice.

I regret that these reports, are not more
fully examined by correspondents like “ C.”
If he had thoroughly examined them, par-
ticularly the text, he would perhaps not
have pronounped so hasty a judgment upon
them.

I have always considered the office a pub-
lic one, and that the duty of the Commis-
sioner was to protect the interest ‘of th‘e
public. But he also stands as an adjuster of
all matters between the railroads and the
people. His duties are very extensive, em-
bracing oflicial supervision of over 4,000
miles of railroad in the State of Michigan
to-day, and occupy practically his whole
time and attention. He is well aware that
he is dealing with the most dimcult problem,
both_State and National, of the day, and
that it is his duty to act honestly and impar-
tialy towards all interests with which he is
connected, both so far as the public is con-

cerned and the railroads also: to see that
neither is wronged and all rights fully pro-
tected. It is a position of fearful respon-
sibility, not only as to property, but as to
lives. He is not to forget that, while he is
paid by the State for his services, the rail-
road companies also pay a very heavy
amount into the treasury of the State,
amounting in 1880 to $5§.’5,00().00, and for the
last fiscal year to the sum of $618,934.89,
which amount under our present system of
taxation will be increased year by year, and
now all goes into the school fund. It is‘ the
duty of the Commissioner to see that these
taxes are properly assessed on all general
law roads; and while he is paid out of the
State treasury, 1 can truly say that the State
is not one “whit” the poorer in conse-
quence.

I should be very glad indeed to furnish
you the text of my reports since I have held
the oflice, in order that you may more fully
see, and present to the many readers of your
very valuable paper, the manner in which
its duties have been performed. Th .nking
you for your kind expressions in your ed-
itorial, I am

Very truly yours,
VV. B. WILLIAMS.

Work for State Masters.

Now is the time to prepare petitions to
the National Grange, which meets the third
Wednesday oi‘ November. There are many
changes that should be made in the Consti-
tution of our Order. I shall at this time dis-
cuss but one, which to me seems most
unjust, and that is the basis on which eligi-
bility to membership to the State and Nation-
al Grange rests, viz., Masters and Pas. Mas-
ters of Subordinate Granges and their wives
only are eligible to membership, etc. This
clause discriminating between office-holders
and the body from which they emanated is
unjust, un-American, non-republican, and
detrimental to the best form of government
and society.

Without censuring the founders of the
Order for unwise legislation, which time
has proven to be antagonistic to American
ideas, yet I believe the law to have been
conceived in a bad spirit. The decline of
Grange interest, at least in Clinton county,
may in part be attributed to this unjust law.
My first objection is, the oifice is in many
instances sought for on account of the favors
the oflice receives and not because the office
seeks the man for the real worth an indi-
vidual may be to the society which has
chosen him to preside over its delibera-
tions. Secondly, every individual may have
and should have high aspirations. A
person of purity. integrity. and intelligence
may be a leading representative man in
every sense of the word, but the law says his
qualifications are not suflicient to entitle him
to represent the cause to which he is allied.
But the man or woman who has once been
Master is acceptable and is greeted with the
words, " Come up higher.”

Vvhen eligibility is based on the catch-
game of oflice-holding the nobler aspirations
of man are quenched and the cause to which

he is wedded languishes or dies. I assert
that the leading representatives of this na-
tion have not and it seems they cannot hold
the highest positions in the nation, (and
that too, unfettered). Since John Q. Adams’
time down to the present time, I recall
with humiliation the names of Daniel Web-
ster, Henry Clay, Seward, Douglass, Gree-
ley, Chandler, and James G. Blaine.

Thirdly, one fallacious idea, expressed to
me by a delegate to the County Convention,
is, “Suppose the Master can’t talk in public,
and ain’t very well posted, send him to the
State Grange to teach him something.”
Now I suppose it may be pleasant to be edu-
cated at the expense of ineligible fourth
degree members, but my voice and vote will
be to educate in our free schools for which
our State has made ample provision.

Fourthly, this law leads to an unequal dis-
tribution of representation. It is no justice
to a Subordinate Grange that some other
Grange shall be thrice represented in the
State Grange because a certain Grange Mas-
ter is objectionable. Patrons, I appeal to
you who believe in the true principles of
the Grange equality and justice to all, to
petitfon the State Master for such a change
in our organic law as will give to every
member of our household equal prospects in

the future. B. Q,. J.
Wacousta, Clinton Co. Mich.

‘Go to the Slate Grange.

That is what I want to say to every
Patron in Michigan. Even if you are not a
representative, your presence will give
strength and influence to your representa-
tion; and then you are sure to go home
with more confidence in the ability of farm-
ers and their wives for business than you
ever had before. The earnest, methodical
way of doing business by the State Grange
is a model for legislative bodies.

Then the week’s association with repre-
sentative men and women from all parts of
the State, is -well worth the hotel bills. Be
wt! and try it. I know one gray-headed
Granger in Oakland county who attends the
session every year. He has never been a

representative, but says it is the most enjoy-
able time he gets in the whole year, and
that the acquaintances formed and renewed
at these annual gatherings are worth many
times the cost. Bro. Grangers, try his plan

once and see if he is not correct. 0.

Zigigflgfihhlffih vissros.

Grange Reliel Fund.

PAW PAW, Nov. 10, 1881.

Bro. Cobb .-~I have received the follow
ing donations for the relief of our brothers
and sisters who suffered loss by the recent
terrible fires in the newly settled portions
of our State. It is my intention to place
this sum, and all future receipts, if any, at
the disposal of the Executive Committee
of the State Grange, who are entrusted with
this relief work.

Oct. 4, received of ‘Magnolia Grange, .\'o.
179, Illinois, 35-3 00; Oct. 6, from Blooming
Grove Grange. No. 820, Ill., $5 25; Oct. 11,
from Peoria County Pomona Grange, No.
33, Ill., .‘:'l200; Oct. 17, from Clear Creek
Valley Grange, So. 33, £201., "100; Oct. 20.
from Eden Grange, No. 97, Ohio, $3 -50; Oct.
26, from Fair View Grange, VVest Va.,
$2.02; Nov. 9, from the brothers and sisters
of Clear Creek, Putman County, Ill., col-
lected by the sisters, $26.30; total, $56 07.

J. J. Wooi).\iAN.

Poslollice Life Insurance in England.

The British Government regards the prin-
ciple of mutual life insurance of so much
value to the people that it has established a
system in connection with its postofiice
department, making. the poslmasters the
life insurance agents, and the postoflice
department the keeper and distributor of the
funds. According to the London. Times, no
less than six thousand applications have
already been received for member~hip. The
membership fee is much larger than in our
Michigan Aid Society. The assessments are
paid in weekly installments.

Patrons‘ Aid Society of Michigan.

Mr. M. B. l-line, of Kent county, whose
death was recently noticed in the VISITOR,
had his life insured in the Patrons‘ Aid
Society of Michigan. His insurance was
promptly paid to his wife.

Shoulders lo the Wheel.

Bro. Cobb .--—Please insert in the GRANGE
VISITOR the following resolution which
was adopted by the Springville Grange, at a
meeting on the 29th of October, and ordered
spread on the records of the Grange and sent
to the GRANGE VISITOR for publication :

Resolved, That we are in accord with the
sentiments expressed in an article by J. H.
Sanford, read before Ottawa Grange, No.
30, and printed in the VISITOR of Sept. 1.
It was also resolved that Springville Grange,
No. 279, will bear its proportionate assess-
ment to a “ Defense Fund " in common
with the Granges of the State to test the
validity of the claim for royalty on driven
wells, and that we will solicit aid from those
outside the Order who are interested in this
matter. Yours truly, ’

S. J. KINNEY, Sec-‘y.

Springville, Nov. 7, 1881.

NOTICES or mssrmos.

The annual meeting of Hillsdale Pomona
Grange will be held at the Jonesville
Grange Hall, on the first VVednesday in
December, at which time the election of
oificers will take place. All members of the
Fifth Degree are urgently _requested to at-
tend said meeting.

N. T. BROCKWAY, Sec’y.

The annual meeting of the Barry County
Pomona Grange, will be held at the hall of
the Rutland Grange, on Thursday, the 24th
day of November, at 10 o'clock A. M. It is
expected that the standing committees will
be ready with reports. We hope also to
have reports from all special committees on
questions referred to them. \Ve hope also
that each Grange will send at least one rep-
resentative who will report in writing-—first,
the number of its members, the amount of
cash on hand, the dimensions and value of
their Grange Hall, the number of meetings
held during the year, and the number of
members initiated during the year. The
election of oflicers for the ensuing year will
take place in the afternoon. All Fourtn
Degree members in good standing are invit-
ed to attend. Yours fraternally,

A. PARKER, Sec’y.

The December meeting of the Clinton Co.
Pomona Grange will be held at Bengal
Grange Hall, on Dec. 7th, commencing at
11 o’clock A. M. A cordial invitation is
extended to all Patrons.

FRANK CoNN, Sec’y.

The annual meeting of Kalamazoo County
Grange will be held on the first Thursday in
December next, at the hall of Arcadia
Grange in the village of Kalamazoo. The
election of oflicers and other important bus-
iness will be transacted. Fourth Degree
members are cordially invited to attend.

Z. C. DUBKEE. Sec’y.

At the last meeting of Shiawasse Pomona
Grange, No. 31, held Oct. 4th, Bro. E. S.
Burnette, of Burns, was elected representa-
tive to the State Grange.

The next meeting will be held at Burns,
on Tuesday, Dec. 6th, 1881. There was
a good attendance and much interest mani-
fested at the last" meeting, and the Order
throughout the county was reported to be
in a healthy condition. Yours resp’y,

J. C. STONE, Sec’y.

The annual meeting of the Detroit and
Bay City Council, P. of I-;{., will be held at
Orion, on Tuesday, December 6th.

0. K. CARPENTER, Master.
J. G. NOBLE, Sec’y.

A meeting of St. Joseph County Grange,
No. 4, will be held at Centreville Grange
Hall, commencing at 10 o’clock, A. M.,
Thursday, December 1st. The meeting will
continue two days and subjects of great in-
terest to the Order and to farmers’ generally
will be discussed. A good time is assured

and a general invitation is extended to the
Order to meet with us. a Si:-zen:-;-rgny,

egadier’ flrpaqlment. 

An Imaginary Visit to the Editor.

As it is impossible for me to visit the
editor in any way but in imagination, on
account of illness, I hope‘ my iriends will
forgive me for it is the easiest way I can go.
I shall not describe my journey, and per-
haps not much that the editor had to say
for fear I may make some mistake.

Now, quick as thought I find myself
away down in Schoolcraft. Quite a pleas-
ant town, we think. Soon we find ourself at
the office door. We give the signal, the
door is opened by an assistant, a type setter,
I belive. VVe told him we wished to see the
Editor if he was not too busy. In a few
moments our Worthy Editor was before
me. I knew it was be, for I have his picture

perhaps thought it strange that such a poor
looking old lady was there. Well, I gave him
the Patron‘s sign of recognition which he
answered promptly. We then shook hands.
He then asked me into his reception room.
I had already told him who I was and I
thought I saw a twinkle in his eye and a
smile about the mouth as he turned to go
and left me to follow. Ithought to myself,
He thinks I have come to see about that
article I sent him some time ago that was
never printed. Now that is not my errand,
but I will say that article had an important

subject, but we presume it was not tastefully
enough gotten up. He gave me a chair and
we sat. down for a chat. I felt a little diffi-
dent at first, but our Brother was so genial
we soon found ourselves conversing at a
lively rate, Our talk was about the Grange
and how it was prospering where we lived,
etc; then our conversation turned on the
GRANGE VISITOR. Then I told him that
was what I had come to see him about. VVe
all think the VISITOR the best paper that we
have to vindicate the people’s rights and
expose the frauds that are so common
among us,and we believe that no trne,wide-
awake Patron will do without it. We have
watched it with growing interest each year
until now, and can truly say it is growing
better all the time. Do you think, Brother
Cobb, they will make any changes in the
size of the VISITOR this year‘? I have been
thinking what a good thing it would be if it
could be made a Weekly. It seems as if the
Patrons of Michigan, with help we should
receive from other States, might support it
and make it pay, but I suppose when the
State Grange meets they will determine
what is best, but if they don’t make it a
weekly they will enlarge it, I hope, not so
much in length or breadth but in thickness.

Now I would like a literary department.
Some say we have one, but it is all on one
side. I want one for the gentlemen as well,
where they can make their own defense all
in the same department. The present year
we have had many long and ably written
articles that showed talent and forethought
and were prized highly by many of its
readers. Now I should think such articles
or essays should go in a literary department.
It is true we have a class among our readers
that do not get much time to read. You
kn ow who they are. They are the poor,
hard working women. They will read
short articles when they will’ only glance at
along one. They want something encour-
aging and instructive,-and that which will
buoy them up after a hard day’s work.
Then there are those who can write short
articles,even if not so literary as some others,
they may have just as good ideas and when
written out will do just as much good as if
they were expressed in brilliant and super-
fluous words.

N ow I think our Ladies’ Department
should be filled with short essays on all kinds
of work pertaining to the house, care and
management of children, and gardening, in
short, be real chatty, it will give us more
courage to work, tell our failures and mis-
takes, as well as successes. I think we will
derive much benefit in this way. What
say you ?

Mr. Editor, now I have given _you my
humble opinion, and know I am only an
obscure Patron, but I read and love the
GRANGE Vrsrron and for this cause I came
to Schoolcraft. Good afternoon, Brother
Cobb, from AUNT KATE.

A Reply. ,

Bro. Cobb: As “ Ex-Granger” has given
his opinion of Fashion, etc., I thought per-
haps he expected replies from some of the
ladies as he has tried to hit us all in some
respects. We are not surprised that Ex-
Granger finds the GRANGE Vrsrron the
right kind of a paper for the people of
today, and agree with him that it should be
in the hands of every family in the State,
yes, in the United States.

If Ex-Granger will go through the streets
to-day, I do not think his sight will be at-
tracted by any unnatural noise on the pave-
ment caused by the trailing of beautiful
dresses, for the American ladies have short-
ened their dresses 9. great deal during the
past yeai-—from trails of half a vard in
length to dresses that clear the floor or
pavement.

You ask, “ Why it would not add equally

to our dignity, our beauty, our gracefulness,

in my scrap book, he seemed to look puzzled

5

our benefit, and to our real charms to have
our clothing made long enough to trail a
half a yard in the mud behind us, as it does
the ladies to have theirs so'."’ We will
reply to that question when you answer
this, “ Vi'hy would it not add to our dignity,
our beauty, our gracefulness, our benefit,
and our real charms to have, when we go
up toward the saloon, a cigar, a pipe, or half
a pound of tobacco in our months, a stove
pipe hat on, and a bottle sticking out of our
dress pockets?

If fashion had decreed, I haven't a doubt
but that you gentlemen would add more to
your clothing; if not, why not cut off the
tails of your coat‘?

The great Creator has covered the earth
with beautiful flowers, and everything that
is pleasing to the eye, and it is in human
nature to make themselves as pleasing and
agreeable as possible; indeed, they often
overdo the matter, but that is not their fault,
it is their niistake. .

The bangs! well, we will admit that they
are not inclined to add to beauty, but to
every lady you will show us with banged
hair we will show you a young man with
his hair parted in the middle, or one who
hasn’t any hair to part, making him look
like one of the ape species. 4

The VVorthy Master of the State Grange
delivered a lecture not long since which we
attended, and although having heard a good
many able speakers, think we can truly say
it was the best short address we have ever
heard ; it was not the old plaster and sew-
ing machine story, but was mainly on the
moral and social culture of the Grange. He
said, “Let the ladies wear what they please,
let them wear their hair down on their fore-
head if they want to, or just as it pleases
their fancy, but let them add to their
mind.-.-.” If we seek to cultivate and elevate
our intellectual faculties and add more to
our minds, perhaps we would not notice
dress so much, perhaps we would add more
to our minds than to our dresses.

If it is maddening to the poor man to
have to pay more for hats, bonnets, or
dresses than he thinks circumstances will
permit, then is it more maddening for the
poor wife to sit down to a table with hardly
the bare necessities of life, and a house
devoid of everything which makes life
pleasant 2’ and notwithstanding all this, the
poor man must and will have his tobacco,
will pay his last cent for it, for his is a state
bordering on insanity if he does not have

it. In nine cases out of ten, yea 999 out of
1,000, the wife is not acquainted with her
husband’s circumstances. In many cases
we think sad errors could have been averted
if the husband had explained his diflicul-
ties in money afl'airs. Let the husband and
wife each have his and her own pocket.-
book, and let each go to the depth of his or
her pocket-book, but no farther. The wife
shares the toils, let her share the profits.
But no, you say. that would be woman’s
rights, and when we say anything about
woman’s rights you have a picture before
you of women with guns on their shoulders
mustering their troops.

While we are talking about unnecessary
expenses, let us note a few of the gentle
man's expenses -- the gold headed canes,
and all the brass, gold, and gilt that the
military men wear. What do they put
those on for? Is it not because it is the
style or custom? The gold shirt studs and
sleeve buttons are unnecessary. Then why
not wear large coat or dress buttons, instead
of gold cufi‘ buttons as large as a quarter?
Just because everyone else does not.

Then there is a great deal of unnecessary
expense put on gentleman’s boot-tops,
nearly enough leather wasted in the tops to
make a pair of shoes. Then cigars, pipes,
tobacco, and liquor,-——these last you say are
an old story; yes, and more the shame, a
new one too.

If you please, Mr. Ex-Granger, take your
pencil and paper, and find out the number
of dollars difference between the amount of
money expended for steel hoop-skirts, and
the amount expended for unnecessary re-
volvers. I do not wish you to understand
me that they are always unnecessary, but
in nine cases out of ten they are.

As for the unnessary stitching, do you
think it would be more profitable for us to
spend our leisure hours at the billiard table?
If the men s ent_ some of their not-very-
well-employe leisure hours in stitching,
perhaps the gallows and prisons would be
cheated out of some of their victims, and
the cities out of some of their street loafers.
What shall we do with our boys should be

as important a question as the one Ex-
Granger spoke of: What shall we do with
our girls ‘P _

Now, please take your pencil and make a
summary of all the items—the ladies’ rib-
bons, stitching, flowers, etc. and the gen-
tlemen’s tobacco, wines, bi1I'ards, etc., and
let us know the result. Sweep your own
door-yard, then bring your broom to help

us. M
Orleans, Oct. 31, 1881. 0LLIF'

, THE immense shipment of barrels of ap-
ples from America to our cousins across
the water, and the ready sale with which
our good fruit has met, have wonderfully
influenced the English grower, and in Kent,
9399013113. rapid progress in fruit culture has
been made, and great attention is being paid
to the new modes of culture of the a pie.
But until the relations of the English and-
lord and tenant are placed upon a firmer
basis than they have been of late, tenants
will not incur the necessary outlay to estab-
lish orchards for their successors to ‘reap the

harvest and successf 1 co mi 1
Americst is out of the Bllefitlltflge on V th

jaflsfinll. -»lsa~(.,e,.'--i‘-f~i|‘:I«i'- « *


6

SAXDN GRIT.

REV. ROBERT (‘OI.I.YEB'S POEM AT THE NEW ENGLAND
DINNER IN NEW YORK.

Worn with the battle by Stamford town,
Fighting the Saxon by Hastings bay,

Harold, the Saxon's sun, went down
While the acorns were falling one autumn day.

Then the Norman said, “ I am lord of the land ;
By tenure of conquest here I sit 2

I will rule you now with an iron hand.”
But he had not thought of the Saxon grit.

He took the land. and he took the men,
And burnt the homesteads from Trent to Tyne ;

Made the freernen serfs by a stroke of the pen;
Ate up the corn and drank the wine:

Said to the maiden pure and fair.

“ You shall be m leman, as is most fit-

Your Saxon churfmay rot in his liar.”
But he had not measured the Saxon grit.

To the merry Greenwood went bold Robin Gray
With his stout-hearted yeomen, ripe for the fray,
Driving the arrow into the marrow
Of all the proud Normans who came in his way,
Scorning the fetter, fearless and free;
Winning by valor, or foiling by wit-
Dear to our Saxon folk ever is he,
This merry old rogue with the Saxon grit.

And Kett, the tanner, whip’t out his knife.
And Watt, the smith, his hammer brought down
For ruth of the maid he loved better than life,
And by breaking a head made a hole in the crown.
From the Saxon heart rose a mighty roar:
“ Our life shall not be by the king’s permit-
We will fight for the right: we want no more."
Then, the Norman found out the Saxon grit.

For slow and sure as the oaks had grown
From the acofiis failing that autumn day,

So the Saxon manhood in thorpe and town
To a nobler nature grew alway.

Winning by inches, holding by clinches,
Standing by law and the human right ;

Many times failing, never once quailing—
So the new day came out of the night.

Then rising afar in the Western sea
A new world stood in the mom of the day.
Ready to welcome the brave and the free,
Who would wrench out the heart, and march away
From the narrow, contracted, dear old land,
Where the poor are held by a cruel hit,
To ampler spaces for heart and hand,-—
And here was a chance for Saxon grit.

Steadily steering, eagerly peering.
Trusting in God, your fathers came,
Pilgrims and strangers, fronting all dangers,
Cool-headed Saxons, with hearts afiame,
Bound by the letter but free from the fetter,
And hiding their freedom in Holy Writ;
They gave Deuteronomy hints in economy,
And. made a new Moses of Saxon grit;

They whittled and waded through forest and fen,
Fearless as ever of what might befall ;

- Pouring out life for the nurture of men,

In the faith that by manhood the world views all;
Inventing baked beans and no end of machines,

Great with the rifle and great with the ax,
Sendin their notions over the oceans

To filfi empty stomachs and straighten bent backs ;
Swift to take chances that end in the dollar,

But open of hand when the dollar is made;
Maintaining the mset'n, cxalting the scholar,

But a little too anxious about a good trade.

This is young Jonathan, son of old John,
Positive, peaceable, firm In the right.
Saxon men all of us, may we be one,
Steady for freedom and strong in her might.
Then slow and sure, as the oaks have wn
From the acorns that fell on the old dim day,
So this new manhood, in city and town,
To a nobler stature will grow alway.
Winning by inches, holding by clinches,
Slow to contention and slower to quit,
N ow and then failing. yet never once quailxng,—
Let us thank God for the Saxon grit.

dummuniratimc.

Letter From London.

I arrived in London at .Paddington, -the
terminus of G. W. R. R. The Great West-
ern railroad is connected bv branch to the
Metropolitan Underground railroad, which
forms an inner belt round the central part
of London. From it are branches diverg-
ing to other railroads to the suburban trains.
Over one million people pass over it weekly.
Between Farringdon St. and Moorgate St.
568 trains pass every day. I took a train to
the Mansion House, thence on the Northern
London railroad to the extremity of Lon-
don. The N. L. R. R. and its connections
are about twelve miles. Last year thirty
million of people passed over-its road at an
average of 2 pence per head. There were
16,000 prosecutions last year of persons try-
ing to pass without paying. Five hundred
trains pass the signal box at this station
every day except Sundays. The system of
signals I should judge on these lines is com-
plete. Five hundred different trains com-
'ing in and going out at one station every
day and no collision: it seems surprising.
The Superintendent of the signal service of
the road took me up into the place, or box
where the person was opening the switches
for one train to come in and another to go
out at the same time. Sometimes two or
three ‘or more trains are going and coming.
It is surprising to see the man answering
one hell, at the same time pulling the lever
to admit this train and another, faster than
I could repeat it, and rarely any collision.

London is great if only her traveling fa-
cilities are considered, but greater still to
see her pressure of business. Just think, in
the business of fish on Billingsgate, St.,
8,000 horses and carts (or wagons) come and
go every morning. What confusion in that
narrow dirty street (Fish Mangers’ Row)!
Then the meat market on Newgate street,
40 rods by 16; in connection is a poultry
market, 16 rods by 16, all covered with glass.
On the site on which the market stands is
historic ground. Here in the reign of Bloody
Queen Mary many Protestants suffered
death at the stake, such as Rodgers, Brad-
ford, and Philpot; here Sir Wm. Wallace
was beheaded; here the great Bartholo-
mew fair, with its revelry, was held. But
today is Saturday. What a crowd of
human beings! And the mass of all kinds
of megtg——it is astonishing to see the vast
amount of American meats. cheese. butter.
etc. What a calamity would it be to the

;'.Ej.?EE Edie?‘ Q

n vssstroa.

NOVEMBER 15, 1881.

poor of England werethe supplies of Amer-
ican produce cut off!

The past few weeks of my sojourn here
heavy rains prevailed. The question was
often asked, were our harvests in the States
good? That concern has subsided now.
Bread has fallen back a little, and meats are
high. I saw 9. person refuse 2.£ per head for
lambs for market; he asked 235 and 4 pence
per head ; 15.6 for asteer weighing about 900
pounds. Other produce is about the same
proportion. The difference in clothing is
not so great as I expected. It would not
pay to run any risk. I am certain it would
not pay to pay the duty on the first cost,
and compete with our American production.
It is very pleasing to see in the English
markets so many American articles offered
for sale. It is certainly becoming a mat
ter of concern to the English producer,
not only in the agricultural but the manu-
facturing districts also. The question of
free and fair trade is largely discussed in the
papers here‘. .

On September 1-5, I visited the great dairy
show, held at the Agricultural hall, Lon-
don. Of course, my first steps were di-
rected to the exhibition of cattle. I
was not favorably impressed with the
show of cows. It might be said the breed-
ing has not been confined to symmetry and
form, but has been directed to increasing
their milking qualities. The first prize
Short Horn cow did not compare
with my Prairie Rose in size and form.
-‘ Matchless,”recorded H. B., vol.  p. 455,
took the second prize. I find I marked her
good for grade.

The Jerseys were well represented, and
there were some fine specimens for this
class. Also Guernseys. The finest cow,
five years old, for dairy use, in my opinion.
is Lily of the Valley. sire Robin Adair, dam
Polled Aberdeen. There were three entries
of Zulus cattle, one cow, one bull, one ox,
from Her Majesty, the Queen. Prince Con-
sort’s farm, Windsor. They were very com-
pact in form, in size similar to Jerseys, with
very long horns. The cattle were taken at
the battle of Uhiudi, and forwarded to Her
Majesty by Sir Garnet Wolsey, at the con-
clusion of the war. The next that attracted
my attention were the Kerrys. They are
black in color, good milkers, and for beef
make the finest qualities, at three years old
weighing from 700 to 800 pounds. I should
think when well fed would make round,
pretty looking animals. There were quite
a number exhibited by K. Good, of Aher
low, County Cork, Ireland. The exhibit in
goats was very large. Butter, cheese, and
every imaginable article necessary for the
production of the above were exhibited in
great abundance. Allowing me to be the
judge, I should say. in general, it was a fine
show.

I must notice before I close this, the exhi-
bition of W. Thomas Nottall, embracing
every article of farm produce imaginable.
It was the finest I ever saw. This same
gentleman took first prize at the Inter-
national Dairy Fair at N. Y., in the Amer-
ican Institute, 1879. J AMES BALE.

How are We and the Community at Large Beuefiled
by the Grange Movement‘!

In what manner is a man or woman bene-
fited by being a Granger, and how is the
community at,large benefited by the institu-
tion of the Grange? These are questions of
importance to us all-equestions which every
Granger should understand, and be able to
answer at all times in a satisfactory man-
ner when interrogated bv outsiders, for it is
presumed that we in the Grange understand
something of its merits. Even if we cannot
answer in a satisfactory manner, still every
member of our Order should be well skilled
in its work, and able and ready at all times to
answer all questions in a satisfactory man-
ner. If neither the individual, nor the
world at large is benefited by our institution
then our words are vain, aye worse than
vain. for we are wasting both our time and
'money in the vain pursuit of a shadow.

It is my purpose this evening to devote a
little time in attempting to give a few of the
many satisfactory reasons for being a Gran-
ger. Like most or all of my brothers and
sisters, I firmly believe that the Grange is
not only an individual blessing to its mem-
bers, but also an incalculable blessing to so-
ciety in general.

We should not look at matters from a
purely selfish point of view and be Grangers
simply for the benefits to be derived by a
little saving of ten, fifteen or twenty per
cent. to themselves by trading at a Grange
store, but a broad philanthropy and love to
the Order should possess us when we see and
know of the benefits it confers to the world
at large. Of course it is right to love an
Order for personal advantages derived from
it, not only in a financial point of View. but
in the friendly intercourse and exchange of
thought and ideas at stated meetings and
general assemblies. The Grange is a benefit
to every member of the Order by reason of
the ample opportunity aflbrded us in our
meetings of cultivating our social natures by
free and unrestrained intercourse between
brethren and sisters, enabling us, as it doefly
to lay aside the tribulations and cares that
may beset and harass us during our life. out-
side the Grange hall, and to spend an even-
ing in the society of those we know to be
our friends.

Man is essentially a social being, and such
an opportunity for the enjoyment of the
pleasures and benefits to be derived from the
cdtivation and training of his social facul-
ties in an upright and moral direction is not
to be passed lightly by. How many there
have been, how many there are now who
seem impelled by this very desire of social
intercourse with their kind to frequent sa-
loons, bar—1'ooms,- gambling halls, and other
places of like character, and who, had they
been members of our fraternity, might have
found at our Grange meetings ample means
for the gratification of their social instinct,
and have been preserved to live useful and
upright lives, and have been honored and
respected members of society. Let us see to
it, brother Granger;-1 that the young be in-
vited to join us as soon as they arrive at a
suitable age, that we may have a sort of
watch-care over them, and we may do incal
culable good to some that might otherwise
go astray.

The Grange is comparatively a young
institution, and though she is making
herself honored and felt all over the land,
still we cannot expect to see at this early
day of her life and history a tithe of the
blessings she is destined to confer. Let us
press onward then, and strive to build up
and extend our noble institution, till its
blessings shall be felt and recognized all
over our land. Then I have no doubt that
when the time shall come, when all secrets
shall be made known, thousands upon
thousands of good men and women will
look with delight to the time they put them-
selves under the watch-care of the Grange,
and say: Its influence saved me from degra-
dation and perhaps crime; by its teachings
I was made a better man, or a better woman.
How many such cases there may be, of
course we know not, nor can we know, but
our organization is capable of moulding
such results. Then let us love and cherish
it. The great foundation principles of our
Order are the universal brotherhood of man,
coupled with the fatherhood of the Great
Author of all things. This being true, it is
utterly impossible for us to realize the bles-
sings and benefits that flow from the many
thousand Granges in our land. Like so
many little rills, they will unite at last in
one broad and mighty river, which carries
on its bosom honor and blessings to the
world.

When we remember, as all should remem-
ber, that it is our duty as Patrons of I-Ins
bandry to combat vice and immorality in all
its forms, and carry out in our daily lives
the principles of our Order, does it not seem
like folly to ask what good the Grange can
do in the world ?

To be sure, those outside the Grange do
not feel or know the amount of the benefits
that are derived from our organization.
Theirs are secondary, while ours are direct.
Still all are benefited; and how are all ben-
efited, asks the uninitiated. Why, sir; you
no longer have to pay 33?; per cent profits to
your merchant or grocer, which he will
turn ten times in a year perhaps, with the
same percentage every time. The merchant
is not eligible; he cannot join the Grange.
He must live, and in no way can he do so,
except, like the farmer, he is content with
small profits. The same principles underlie
all our dealings.

But these things are not all. We should
consider and remember that we are bene-
fited individually by belng Grangers, not
only by being better men and woman, as I
believe we are, but we are also benefited by
our social gatherings. By means of our
membership in the Order, we enlarge our
social circle, make intimate friends of many
with whom we should not otherwise become
acquainted.

Nor is this all, for if we are among stran-
gers, we have a friend in the true Patron on
whom we can rely. What brother or sister
is there here to-night who has visited any
other Grange, and who will say they were
not welcome, and did not feel at home ? I
tell you. Master, it makes us think of home,
and for the time being forget that we
are not actually there.

The time we spend together at the Grange
fits us the better to carry on our daily avoca-
tion, by familiarizing us with systematic
business forms. It teaches us relia nce upon
our own powers and abilities, gives us con-
fidence to express ourselves on public occa-
sions; it renders us more conversant with
parliamentary usages and the customs of
deliberative bodies, and in many other
ways it benefits us.

Then, brothers and sisters, let us all be
united in the great work, and with one

accord, labor for the advancement of our
cause, that the beneficial influence it sheds
may grow and expand as years roll on, until
we who are working together shall all have
joined the Supreme Grange in the future
world, over which the Grand Master of the
universe shall preside.
Rownm. THOMAS.

A YOUNG Biddeford man proposed for the
hand of a beautiful girl lately. As she hesi-
tated about replying, he said: “ I await your
answer with bated breath.’_’ The girl, who
is a good deal of a humorist, said : “Well,
Mr. Man, you will have to bait your breath
with something besides high wines and
Limburger cheese to catch your humble
servant. Good evening.”

Tm: Vrsrroa THREE Mourns on TRIAL
non TEN Cnxrs.-Eleven copies, one year
éor $5.00. Eleven Copies, six months for

2.50. .

durmpuntlcnm

From a New Correspondent.

F*r17end Cobb .-—In the VISITOR of October
1st, two subjects were discussed, both of
which are of vast importance to the whole
country, viz: First. on the abandonment
of the office of Vice President, and the other
on taxing securities secured on real estate.

I cannot agree with the author of that
article that the life of the President would
be safer to have his successor elected by the
people immediately on the ofiice becoming
vacant by death or otherwise, as every
change of party to power would be a greater
reason for getting rid of a President elected
by their opponents, than it would, as now,
when his successor is always of the same
political party with himself. Perhaps it
would be as well to designate some other
officer to take his place, when it shall be-
come vacated by death or inability to per-
form the duties of the ofilce,-—say the Score-
tary of State, who is pretty sure to bein
accord with the President who appoints
him. My opinion, however, is that it
would be better to elect a President and
Vice President by a direct vote of the people,
and to elect them for a longer time than now
--say six years—and for only one term, and

to have men selected for their moral worth
and fitness for the offices, and then try and
elect them without having the country so
degraded and disgraced as it has been in the
past, both by the party press and by otfice-
seeking political speakers. It is. only a
short time since men on the stump so tra-
duced the character of the late President
that one who knew no better of him would
have been unwilling to have made him
president of a penny savings bank; and
this said of a man who in a few short months
thereafter dies, more universally respected
for his sterling worth as a man, and whose
death was more world-widely deplored than
that of any other man that ever lived.

With regard to thejtaxing of mortgages, I
am of the opinion that the mortgagee would
be much easier reached and more univer-
sally included in being made to pay his
share of the tax, if the mortgagor in all
cases gave in to the supervisor the amount
of incumbrance on his real estate,——then
have the collectorlgive him two receipts for
his tax, one to embrace the amount of tax
for the amount of the mortgage; then pass
a law, if it can be done, compelling the
mortgagee to receive such tax receipt from
the mortgagor in liquidation of so much of
his interest money. As the law now stands,
a very large portion of the mortgages given
by our citizens are owned and held by par-
ties residing out of the State, who do not
pay any tax anywhere. Some men are
moving about from place to place toavoid
gaining a residence, so as to avoid taxation,
while if some way could be devised to reach
them, they would most likely settle down
and spend their money where their greatest
interest lay. As the law now stands all the

- tax that is paid on mortgages is paid by

residents who have accumulated a few spare
hundreds or thousands; by old men past
labor who have a little laid by to support
them in old age; by widows and orphans;
while the rich non-resident escapes taxation
anywhere. There are farms and village
property in this county, mortgaged to east-
ern parties for all it would sell for, and the
owners have all they can do to pay the
interest, and yet have to pay the full amount
of the tax the sameas if they owned the
property unincumbered.

Justice calls fora remedy, if one can be
had, to make the burden of taxation more
equal. KAI.AMAzoo.

ls the Grange Dead?

Bro. Cobb .-—As I take up the VISITOR of
Oct. 15, and look at the long list of Grange
halls, the size and value, etc., I cannot but
think what a nice little village they would
make were they all gathered together.
If good buildings add anything to the
value of real estate, have not the Grangers
added to the value of their own lands and
also to the value of those owned by out-.
siders too ‘.’

There are quite a number of farmers near
here who think the Grange don’t amount to
much. But when we send for plaster or
ship our wool, they seem to think it would
help us, if we would take theirs too. One
big farmer lost enough on his wool alone,
two years ago, to have paid his Grange
dues five years, and have enough left to
take the Vrsrron the same length of time.

According to the VISITOR, there are «£2

Grange halls in this State; yet there are
people who will say that the Grange is dead.
It is hard to realize that things walking on
two legs, and in other respects resembling
‘men, can be so stupid. But that class don't
read. Nor will they have anything to read.
You ask one to take the Vrsrroa. and he
will say, “Oh, I haven’t the change just
now,” or “I haven't the time to read any
papers," but they manage to get the chlnge
to pay for cigars and tobacco. “ Oh, yes,”
they say, “a man that uses tobacco will get
richjust as fast as one that doesn't.”

But what is most singular to me is, how a
good Patron can get along without the V15-
rron. Ishould hate to own that I was a

Granger, and didn’t take the GRANGE‘ VIS-

iron. I think I should pay up my dues,
and call foradimlt and say that I wasn’t
fit to be classed with the people (if to-day.
But they ought to be made to know that
that is just the reason they go plodding
along over their farms, struggling against
unjust taxation, patent-right swindles and
many other diffie-ulties. But the moment
anything assumes the shape of duty. some
persons feel themselves incapable of dis-
charging it. J. H. MACUMBI-13.
Greenwood, Oceana Co. Oct. :36.

Training Shepherd Dogs.

Darwin thus describes _.the training of
dogs: When riding it is a common thing
to meet a large flock of sheep guarded by
one or two dogs at a distance of some mila
from an house or man. I often wondered
how so rm a friendship had been establish-
ed. The method of education consists in
separating the puppy while very young
from its mother, an accustoming it to its
future companions. A ewe is held three or
four times a day for the little thing to suck,
and a nest of wool is made for it in the
sheep pen. At no time is it allowed to asso-
ciate with other dogs, or with the children
of the family. From this education it has
no wish to leave the flock, and just as
another dog will defend its master, man, so
will these dogs defend sheep. It is amusing
to observe, when approaching a fiock, how
the dog immediately advances barking, and
the sheep all close in his rear, as if around
the oldest ram. These dogs are also easily
taught to bring home the sheep at a certain
hour in the evening. Their most trouble-
some fault when young is their desire to
play with the sheep, for in their sport they
sometimes gallop the poor things unmeric-
fully. The shepherd dog comes to the
house every day for his meat. and as soon as
it is given him skulks away as if ashamed of
himself. On these occasions the house dogs
are very tyrannical, and the least of them
will attack and pursue the stranger. The
minute, however, the latter has reached the
flock he turns around and begins to bark,
and then all the house dogs take quickly to
their heels. In a similar manner a whole
pack of hungry wild dogs will scarcely ever
venture to attack a flock guarded by one of
these faithful shepherd dogs. In this case,
the shepherd dog seems to regard the sheep
as his fellow brethren. and thus gains confl-
dence; and the wild dogs, though knowing
that the sheep are not dogs, but are good to
eat, yet when seeing them in a flock with I
shepherd dog as their head partly consent
to regard them as he does.—l{usbandman.

A Meeting that may Interest Wool Growers.

What may be termed a tariff‘ meeting is to
be held at the Cooper institute, New York
City, on November 29th and 30th. Among
other objects the call for the meeting says
that Congressional action will .be asked for
the appointment of a competent commis-
sion to thoroughly investigate and report
upon the progress, condition. and needs of
American industries, and to recommend
such tariff‘ legislation as will be protective in
character, consistent in all its parts, and
adapted to the present condition of the
business of the country.

The consideration of the policy of an
early and progressive reduction of internal
taxes by the general government.

The maintenance of a favorable balance
of trade, and the enlargement of our mar-
kets for American products, by the promo-
tion of our ship- building interests and
foreign commerce.

Nearly every industry is to be repre-
sented, and whether wool growers, individ-
ually or politically, are in favor of a tariff
they should look after their interests, and
if protective plums are thrown around, they
should see that their lap is not empty.

In the representation to the convention,
N. Y. cit industries got 100 delegates out of
500. The ational Association of Wool Manu-
facturers, 25; the silk manufacturers, 25- cot-
ton, 25; jute, flax, hemp, etc., 25; National
Wool Growers’ Association, 25; hosiery, 10;
New York wool growers and sheep breeders,
10; Wisconsin, 10; Illinois, 10; Vermont,
10; Michi an, 10; other farmers and plant-
ers, 25. esides this, iron, glass, corsets,
etc., are to be represented. The signers to

the call for the convention give themselves .

100 delegates, making 600 in
Growers’ Bulletin.

all. —- Wool

Our Plan with Poulln-y..

First, hens, to do well, must have a warm,
dry p‘ace, with plenty of sunshine. We
always keep a box of ashes for them to
wallow in, and it should be kept perfeotl
dry. Every few weeks, and sometimes of-
tenor, the hennery is thorou hly dusted
with dry ashes, occasionally adding a little
sulphur. Once in a while we wet the roosts
with kerosene; a spring-bottom oil-can is
just the thing for the purpose. Attending
to these rules carefully, you need not have
lice, which is an important item in keeping
poultry. Our chief object is eggs, for which
there is generally a ready market and good
price. And to lay well, hens must have
plentyto eat and of the right kind. We
generally feed corn, and in the winter let
them shell it for themselves, after giving
each car a blow or two with the hammer or
something of that kind to start the kernels.
This gives them exercise and keeps them
from eating too much. One would think
they won] not get enough to eat in this
way, but if kept before them in a clean, d
place, they will keep fat. Give them eac
morning what they will pick off during the
day.—-New York Tribune.

Or all farm stocks
easily taught.

hens are the most
The education of hens can
be commenced at any age; but best while
young: The shou d be housed and shut
in every nig t, and not allowed ever to
roost on sheds, well sweeps, or trees; even a
_n leaf; to shut the doors on them one night
w‘ lcuuse the timid ones to seek a higher
roost the next night, and they can be found
only out of doors.

J. G. HOLLAND is reported to have said .
“I have never seen a man who was re.
markable for acquiring muscular power,
and at the same time remarkable for mental
power.”

Tmrv are to be
nothing to do. T
needs keep moving

itled the most who have
ey are happy who mug:
in the groove of duty.


NOVEMBER 15, 1881.

was sssass assesses-

LOVE AND VEGETABLES.
-In Caraway county lived a maid,
Rosemary was her name,
Her father was a good old sage,
Who had been known to fame-
Whose summer days were savory,
Whose time was given to pleasure,
Until a big financial leek
Had carrot off his treasure.

-- Lettuce not mourn,” his daughter said,
N We’ll bravely breast the kale:
I'm cumin to my senses;
My parsnip shall not fail.
I’ve all my pepper-rations made
To beet the cruel foes
That caraway my father's gold
And cabbage all my beaux.

“ Onionder bill's a saffron youth
Whose flame I will appease ;
I’11 fain endure his warmest crass‘.
I'll plant him on his knees ;
His radish hair I'll tolerate.
His garlic breath forget:
When he asks me tomato him,
I’ll niarigold, you bet E"

The maiden wins the country squash»
And mustard nerve for the hoax. _
While her dear old dad. on a celery big,

Again cracks his artichokes.
So the wedding night comes on_ at 185‘.
And (th salad was surely mixed)
Both parsley under the table tight,
In a corn-fed state called “fixed.”

Rosemary made a dutiful wife,
While her sorrel-headed master
Lost all his country pumpkin ways,
And th ir love, like weeds, grew faster ;
Till now good Fate, with a golden gourd,
O’er the happy couple hovers,
And both will meet the, scythe of Time
As—asparagushing lovers.

Reliant

2111.

In: the Agricultural World.

I have had many thoughts upon this sub-
'ect, but have never placed them upon paper

cause I felt I could not do justice to the
subject, neither could I satisfy myself, much
less others. The article in the “Home”
department of the World coincides with my
views exactly, and the ideas are expressed
in so much better language than I could
probably exrress them, that perhaps it is
presumptuous in me to attempt to add to so
elaborate an article upon a matter of such
vital importance. But as Myra is called
upon, I will respond. One sentiment ex-
pressed in that article gives me a starting
point, and with which I fully agree: “I
do not consider it a favorable symptom to
hear a man or woman complain about never
having good help.” With many persons
this has become a chronic disease. I have
heard people talk about, exaggerate, and
magnify the “ hired girl's ” faults until
they were almost beside themselves, with
nerves all unstrung, and seemed in a sort of
frenzy, telling Qf their mistakes, and stub-
bornness, and slip-shod ways, until they
could not see one good quality towering
above all those they term bad ones. There
are very many incompetent mistresses, as
well as incompetent girls. 1 once heard
this idea advanced: that some womeirdidn’t
know how to manage their hired help in
order to get the proper amount of work
done, and in the easiest and best way, with-
out too much wear and tear of soul and
body. Very many women are so “ rasping”
in their method of telling a girl how and
what to do, or asking a favor, leaving court-
esy out of count, that it stirs up the worst
side of their nature, and they then and there
resolve to do as they have a mind to, or not
at all perhaps.

A friend living in a distant city was visit-
ing me not long ago. She is a dress-maker.
I asked her if the ladies who came to her
shop to get their sewing doneconlplained ofa
scarcity of hired help. She said,“No,not that;
but they make fearful complaints to each
other about what awful girls they employed
in their kitchens.” “ Why," said she, “ I
had rather be their dog than their hired girl.
They never allowed them to sit with the
family, or treat them as though they were
human beings: shoved them 011‘ into the
kitchen or woodhouse; allowed them no
conveniences to do work; gave them the
meanest, dingiest room in the house for a
sleeping-room; do not know or care where
they spend their evenings, after their work
is done; or what sort of company they en-
tertaiu,—and then if the girls are not all
they should be, they tell their faults to the
world, or complain what a boot stick of a
girl they have in their kitchens.”

There are other house keepers who are
fault finding and fretting,expecting a perfec-
tion in the manner of doing work, which is
only attainable after years of hard, earnest
toil and practice; and if the work is not
done their way, they fly into a passion, and
scold until it is enough to make a person's
hair stand erect, or the shingles fly off the
roof of the house (so to speak). .

Othe s never take pains to show a girl
how work ought to be done, taking it for

ranted that she knows how,although she is
her teens, when if the house keeper
would, by patience, perseverance,’ and a
little showing, teach the right method of
doing work, much time, strength, and ma-
terial might be economized, and ‘harsh,
angry words, and trials of temper might be
obviated.

On the other hand, there is great ineffici-
ency on the part of help now-s-days.

Housework is looked upon as a sort of
drudgery, and girls fail to see and know
that they are fulfilling their ideas in regard
to the duties of life in the kitchen as much
as they would in the parlor. They fail to
see any beauty or sublimity in nicely wash-
ed dlshes,immaculate dish-towels or shining
tinware, and to sweep, and dust, and tidy
up the sitting room in a workmanlike
manner is to them a herculean task, and
sometimes it is performed in such a manner
that it might better have been left undone.

Food is placed upon the table in a mass of
gigantic proportions so disgusting that one’s
appetite suddenly takes its flight. I think
one great fault of the girls is that they do
not read and make use of the hints and
helps given in the columns of the house-
hold departments of the papers, and which
have afforded so much useful information to
housekeepers. Others do not heed the
maxim that, “ What ‘is worth doing at all
is worth doing well.” ‘

There is a wrong on both sides to be
righted. There are stubborn and slatternly

T

girls, and there are wicked, important. and
fussy housekeepers. When employers treat
their hired help as they would wish their
own darling daughter treated under like
circumstances, and as though they had
souls and a body made of flesh and blood,
and girls try to do their duty and see some
glory and beauty in housework, and each
party adds dignity to labor——then a reform-
ation will be brought abou-’. 9-Dd D0t_t11l
then. Each must learn to endure hardships,
trials, and crosses, and must learn to suffer
and be strong and let “Patience have her
perfect work.” _ _ _

My idea of a good girl_1s one who is neat
and cleanly. and plain in her personal ap
pearance when about her work. and who
takes pride in doing her work well, and is
willing to assimilate with all the good,
honest ways of the household; one who
wishes to improve her spare moments in
reading good books, and keeping her appar-
el in order.

My idea of a good mistress is one who
tries to “ possess her soul in patience,”
remembering her help is human, liable to
fautts and mistakes, and perhaps has not
attended the school where stern experience
is the rigorous teacher ; one who is ever on
the alert to advise or kindlv reprove, ready
to make her household comfortable. .

There is another phase to this subject
which I would like to bring out, but this
article is already too lengthy. MYBA.

NOBODY.

" Nobody b'oke it! It cracked itself.

It was clear ‘way up on the toppest shelf.
1- p'rha.ps the kitty-cat knows l"

Says poor little Ned,

With his ears as red
As the heart of a damask rose.

“ Nobody lost it I I carefully
Put my cap just where it ought to be.
(No, ’tisn‘t ahirid the door,)
And it went and hid.
Why, of course it did,
For I've hunted an hour or more.

“ Nobody Dre it! You know things will
Tear if you're sitting just stock-stone still 1
I was just jumping over the fence—

There‘s some spikes on top,
And you have to drop
Before you half commence."

Nobody ! wicked Sir Nobod !
Playing such tricks on my ' than three 1
If I but set eyes on you,
You should find what you've lost,
But that to my cost,
I never am like to do 1
—Anna F. Burnltam in October Wide Awake.

Dear Uncle Nine .-—-I have waited long
and earnestly for that long talked of discus-
sion, but have not seen or heard it yet. I
quite agree with “ Granger Girl ” about
slang, for there is not, I will venture to say,
not one in twenty among us who does
not use more or less slang each day. I do
not know of any one boy or girl who does
not use slang. I think I have seen Granger
Girl, but it was some time since and I do
not think that she would recognize me’.

Why do not some of my cousins or broth-
ers and sisters write something for this col-
umn ? I think we might make this column
real interesting if we would only try. I am
willing to do my share towards making
something of it. I should like to hear
something from the boys as well as the girls.
Granger Girl, haven’t you got some Granger
boys down at Coloma‘? If you have, why
don't some of them write to Uncle Nine?
What has become of “ Sweet Briar ” or
Nettie Gifford? I am sorry you have ‘all
abandoned this column to its chances.

I have not seen anything from our
Grange for some time. but we are flourishing
nevertheless. But I see in my mind the
waste basket yawning dismally, so I will
close. Good by Uncle.

PRETTY BY NIGHT.

Hartford, Oct. 25, 1881.

On Laughing.

It is said that clear, ringing laughter is the
index to a noble nature, and that one cannot
be wholly bad who is capable of such. Be
that as it may, 1 have seen some who could
“ smile and smile, and be a villian still.”

True, merry laughing friends are very
pleasant companions, so long as they laugh
with, and not at one, for, though we all like
to have our jokes appreciated, who among
us like to have our foibles laughed at, even
though it be our friends that do it? And
yet we cannot blame them, for are not the
best of us guilty of the same treason ‘P I. for
one, should hate to be judged by the manner
and occasion of my laughing, for my risibles
are of the irrepressible sort which are always
lmpelllng me to laugh when decorum assures
me I ought not to,-though I sometimes find
it impossible to getup a respectable smile
when occasion seems to demand that 1
st ould laugh.

I remember on one occasion, when hear-
ing a gentleman tell, with considerable mer-
riment, what he seemed to think a very
amusing anecdote, of how a. neighbor got the
better of a poor little “ ginny ” that infested
his fields, I found myself swelling with in-
dignation and actually ready to cry because
of the cruelties imposed upon the poor little
beast, one of which was to tie a wisp of straw
to its tail and then set fire to it. I always
pitied the foxes when reading of how Samp-
son destroyed the fields of' the Philistines—
but I’m not writing an essay on Scripture.
I remember another occasion, when attend-
ing Sunday school, Where a very zealous but
highly irascible old Englishman presided as
superintendent, who, in addition to making
the opening and closing prayers and con-
ducting the singing, made it his duty to
oversee the different classes, propounding
difficult questions and giving his explana-
tion of such as did not seem clear to the un-
derstanding of his pupils. On the occasion

of which I am thinking the day was fine,
and our superintendent had been unusually

benign. remember I had been much
amused, if not instructed, while he talked
to someof the lesser ones, in an impressive
manner about the “cut of an ’ouse” and

the “’oot of a bowl” of which they had
been reading in their little books.

Finally he came to the class of which I
was a member, and I managed to get along
very well till he had occasion to speak of the
“ hangels of‘igli ’eaven,” and his son, sit-
ting near me, a mischievous lad of some fif-
teen summers, and not averse to creating a
bit of fun at his father’s expense, in a tone
just loud enough to be heard by those near
est him, rhymed it with “heat no bread but
leaven.” but this was too much and I burst
into a very paroxysm of laughter, while my
example was followed by the undutiful son.
and one or two more of my classmates.

When I regained my composure sufficient-—
ly to understand what was going on 8.1‘0ul‘.=i
me, I realized that our superintendent 
preaching a sermon on the exceeding sinful -
ness of levity on solemn occasions, which
wound up with a benediction that sounded
more like an anathema than a blessing, and
to this day I pity the miserable, blushing
little culprit that crept out from the holy
man’s presence when the exercises came to
a close.

Another time, when visiting my grandpa-
rents, just as we were sitting down to din-
ner, grandma dropped her spectacles from
her nose into a dish of soup in front of her,
which was enough for me, and all the while
that grandpa was saying his lengthy and
orthodox “grace” I shock as if an ague tit
had seized me, but when I did regain my
composure no mortal power could have for-
ced a smile to my rigid lips, and as my
grandparents’ family consisted only ofthem-
selves and a maiden aunt, all sticklers for
decorum, you may be sure I received but
little sympathy. My appetite was gone on-
tirely, even biscuit and honey had lost their
charm, so after an exceedingly slender re-
past I wended my way iiomeward, feeling
that I had forever disgraced myself in the
eyes of my respected relatives—but why go
on enumerating my misfortuiies? I trust
my friends know me well enough by this
time that if they find me crying at their
jokes and reserving my laughter for more
solemn occasions, they will not judge too
harshly of my disagreeable failing.

HASSAH.

Lanline, Cooper County, Mo.

Advice to Boys.

Do not smoke, chew, or drink, but buy a
pair of some kind of pet stock, and take
good care of them, and keep an account of
cost of feed, and what you sell for one year,
and if you do not make enough to buy a
good overcoat, it is because you do not know
how to make money out of them. I com-
menced to keep pet stock when I was ten
years old, and made ten dollars clear the
first year, and since that time I have
averaged from $55 to $75 per year profit on
my stock. Next year I want to make $100
clear gain. Any boy can do likewise, if he
will try. JOHN P. WOLFE.

Plaiufield. New Jersey, 1
Nov. 6, 1881. J

THE cow is wrong; it is not her mission
in life to butt railroad trains off‘ bridges.
Her first duty is to furnish the basis of city
milk.

THE REAPER, DEATH.

FRASER.-Er.rzA M. FRASER, Worthy Lecturer
of Brady Grange, No. 61, died at her home near
Vicksburg, Oct. 10, 1881.

Sister Fraser, with her husband, John C. Fraser,
were charter members of No. 61. and among the first
to occupy its official chairs, he filling the position of
Lecturer at the time of his death in April, 1875.
Left thus early to tread life's pathway alone-—dark-
ened by this great sorrow-—she has done her part
bravely and well. Being ambitious and possessing
more than ordinary intellectual ability, she was the
life of every circle. But in the Grange, where her
real worth was best appreciated,wi1l her loss be most
keenly felt. Her bright smile, her warm greetings,
and the talent displayed in promoting its intellectual
and social features, together with her implicit faith
in the Order and zeal in advancing its interest, have
won the admiration of all.

While we deeply mourn her sudden and untimely
death and the great loss we thereby sustain, we
would extend the fraternal hand of sympathy to the
sorely tried family, over whose beautiful, love-lit
home rests the shadow of the angel of death. To
the grief-stricken mother, who made the long jour-
ney from Kansas that she might once more look on
the calm, white face of her child, and lay her own
hand just a moment upon the one so cold and still,-
to her we send our warmest love. The only brother,
who was denied even this sad comfort, we remember
with pity ; and the two little girls, left so young
without their natural guardians, we will ever fondly
cherish: while to the more distant relatives, and to
the faithful one who nursed with more than a sister’s
love and watched till the clear form was hid from
view, we express our tenderest sympathy.

Resolved, That a copy of this tribute to her mem-
ory be prosented to the family of the deceased, and
also to the GRANGE Vrsrroa and local papers for
publication. Mas J. W. Srnoxe,

Mas. Wu. Bun,
Mas. S. RICHARDSON,
Committee.

WATERS:-Manx A. WA'rnas passed from earth
to spirit life Sept. 24, 1881, aged 47 years, 8 months,
and 11 days.

WHEREAS, The all-devouring scythe of Time has
taken from our Grange Sister Mary Waters, wife of
Brother Cornelius Waters; therefore

Resolved, Thatin the sad event the brother has
lost a loving wife, the children an affectionate moth-
er, society an ornament, and Dallas Grange a worthy
member.

Resolved, That as a Grange we tender the amjcted
brother our heartfelt sympathies, ever hoping the
Healer will be present to bind up the broken hearts
and heal the wound that now seems incurable.

Resolved, That our hall be draped in mourning for
the_ period of 60 days, and that a. copy of these reso-
lutions be sent to the family of the afiiicted brother.
a copy entered upon the records of the Grange, and
one sent to the GRANGE Visrroa for publication.

Ohl weep not for her; she is crowned
With the garland to truthfulness given.

Then weep not for her ; she has found
Her reward and her refuge in heaven.

J. H. BUSH,

Eiunr J. Pxnxs,

EMILY SBACKLETON,
Committee.

WOOD. —-WHEREAS, An over-ruling Providence
bath, for the first time, on the 23d day of September,
1881, remindedus as a Grange, bv the death of a
member, that “ dust we are, and unto dust we shall
return”; therefore

We bow in submission to his will, and weep with

.those that weep, and nnitein heartfelt sympathy

with our brother, Richard Wood, and his ofispi-ing,
and also with the aged parents of our deceased
sister, to share in their bereaveuient, while there lies
in the silent tomb a wife, a mother, a daughter, and
to the Grange a sister. As our brother and the de-

' them exposed.

ceased were loyal members of the M. E. church, there
remains no doubt but that our brother can say, with
one of old, “ The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken
away : blessed be the name of the Lord.”

Resolved, That these resolutions be entered in the
records of the Grange. a copy. with the seal of the
Grange attached, be presented to the family of the
deceased, and a copy to the GRANGE Vrsrroa for
publication. 3. G. S.

Grange No. 459.

BUGBEE.—Died Oct. 24, of softening of the brain,
Brother EaAs'rus E. Buomm, a charter member of
Shiawassee Grange, No. 151.

WHEREAS, Death has entered our Order and re-
moved our young and worthy brother from his earth-
ly home and respected family; therefore

Resolved. That we as il Grange feel that we have
lost a good and true member, and that while we feel
our Heavenly Father has laid his hand heavily upon
our Worthy Sister Bugbee, in removing her crimpin-
ion and protector from his earthly home, yet we
would bow with humble su‘ mission to an all-wise
and ever-loving Father’s divine will.

Resolved, That as an expression of our respect for
our departed brother,we drape our charter in mourn-
ing for thirty days.

Resolved, That ii copy of these resolutions be
placed upon the records of this Grange, a copy be
presented to Sister Bugbee, and also one sent to the
GRANGE VISITOR for publication.

13. F. KANN.

Mas. S. E. WATKINS.

E. M. MOBBICE,

Morrice. Oct. 26,1881. Committee.

SBUMWAY.—Died Oct 6, 1881, at the residence
of his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Shumway, of
the village of Jasper, Lenawee Co., IRVING P.
SHUMWAY, a worthy member of Fzlirfield Grange,
No. ‘Z78, in the 26th year of his age.

Wnsams, The Great Master of the Universe has
seen fit, in his all-wise Providence, to remove by
death from the family circle of our highly esteemed
and Worthy Brother and Sister Nathan and Marietta
Shumway, a. tenderly beloved and only son, whose
death they so deeply mourn: and as Brother Irving
P. Shumway was a young man who was looked up to
as one who bid fair to become a man of future use-
fulness, both in the Grange and in the community;
therefore

Resolved, That this Grange extend to our afflicted
and serrowing brother and sister that sympathy that
flows from hearts that feel for others’ woes.

Resolved, That our charter and ball be draped in
mourning for ninety days, and that within that time
a memorial service be held at the hall in memory of
our departed brother, and that the Worthy Master
appoint a committee to prepare such service.

Resolved, That these resolutions be entered on our
records. and that the Worthy Secretary send a copy
of the same to our afflicted brother and sister, and
a copy to the GBANGL Visrron for publication.

J. C. On1:r.r.,

MARY F. ODELL,

LYXAN Osooon,
Committee.

2?. A. NORTH’S FEED RACKS.

- \

My invention, patented May 10, 1881, re-
lates to a rack of peculiar construction de
signed for the purpose of feeding sheep and
other animals, the structure being de
signed with special reference to an equal
distribution of the feed, to the protection of
the attendant from the animals. and to the
points of cheapness, durability, and facility
of operation. It will be noticed that the
rack constructed affords feed openings on
both sides, that the two independent
troughs prevent the animals on one side
from obtaining the food from those on the
other, and that by means of the central in-
ternal board the attendant can pass freely
back and forth through the interior without
stepping in the trough or having any in-
terference with the animals outside, also
the, strips or slats serve as a means of sepa-
rating the animals so that each may obtain
proper proportion of the food. On each
siderof the Rack I suspend by swinging
linksa board in such a manner. that the
board may be raised or lowered across the
outside of the feed openings to prevent the
animals from having access thereto, or ele-
vated above the openings so as to leave
And standing at one end
you can elevate this board by one move of
as many racks in a1ine,and divide your flocks
as you wish and do away with the old prac-
tice of shifting from one yard to another.
There areguards to throw the feed inward to
prevent the hayseed and other impurities
from entering the fleece of the animals. It
is used with equal advantage for mush feeds,
grains of all kinds, and for hay. If there
is hay in the rack it does not prevent your
feeding grain in them. You can use the
lumber in your old racks. They can be
made of any length of lumber.

For further information, address :

F. A. NORTH, Inventor,
Ionia, Ionia Co., Mich.
P. O. Box 555. 1jul6m

HEADQUARTERS FOR LAND PLASTER.

DAY & TAYLOR;
Grafldvllle, Mich., '

Are prepared to furnish LAND PLASTER, fresh

und, at contract prices, made with the Executive

A lime oiocuke Bmii:.h’R“5°' an 1 mid

arge s on o pure, s

LAND PLASTEB. yin

Send us your Order: direct.
ja.n1—ly

DAY & TAYLOR

7

NDENBERG

MANUFACTURER,
Wnor.s:s.u.s Axn RETAIL DEALER m

HARNESS, WHIPS, BLANKETS, TRUNKS, 818.,

92 Monroe Street.
GRAND RAPIDS, MICK.

I take pleasure in presentingto your favorable con-
sideration my CASH PRICE LIST of Harness Work
—-HAND MADE-—alI of my own manufacture. and
also to return thanks for the liberal atronage I have
received from the different Granges t ronghout Mich-
igan. I shall do in the future as in the pastr—f'urnish
the best goods for the least money.

Farm Harness, Vl/hite Trimmed Breeching,
Round Lines, Snaps, Rum Straps, and
spread rings, complete, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .829 00

The same without Brieching, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘.56 00

“ “ with flat Lines, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28 00
without breeching,. . 25 00
Double Light Buggy Harness, white trimmed,

from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325 to 30 00

The same, Nickle Trimmed. from . . . . . .335 to 50 00

Single Buggy Harness, with round lilies, white
trimmed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 00

Same with fiat lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 00

Nickle Trimmed, . . . . . . .815, -$16, $18, 820 and 25 00

ALL ORDERS RECEIVED UNDER SEAL OF
THE GRANGE
will be shipped at once, and may be returned at my
expense if not entirely satisfactory.
Address all orders to
Yours very respectfully,
A. VANDENBERG,

‘J2 Mormon Srnznr. Gassp Rams.

A.V

u u in u u

I A.vi’i%:i{icA1§ I ii.2iNtiA1.
PARLIAMENTARY

L AW.

Is recognized by the leading parliamentarians of the
land as the most complete, concise and systematic
work on the modern practice. Every citizen of this
republic should have a copy.

It has received strong testimonials from Samuel
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the chief executive officer of the following and other
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Knights and Ladies of Honor, Knights of Pythias,
Royal Arcanuin, Foresters, Grand Army of the Re-
pubhc, Knights Templar, A. O. W., R. T. of T..
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Circular of Testimonials sent on application. Prices
(by mail, prepaid), cloth, 50 cents ; plain leather, 75
cents; leather tucks, 81.

Address, stating where you saw this advertisement,

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N. B.-The Aqrimliural World and Games Via-
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Send

German Horse and Cow Powders.

_ This powder has been in use for many years. It
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the Patrons of that State have bought over 100,000
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and in good condition. It helps to digest and assimi-
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CENTS per 1b., 30-lb. boxes (of 6 6-lb. packages, Tim
CENTS per lb.

PRICE LIST GE SRPPLIES

Kept in the omce of the Secretary of the

MICHIGAN STATE GRANGE,

454 39'“ 0141 P005 Paid. on Receipt of Oasis Order,
otaer the seal of a Subordinate Grange, and flu
nynature of its Master or Secretary.

Porcelain Ballot Marbles, per hundred, ...... .. 76
Bl:;;k)u]i:;o;k,"liet4}i‘ger rnllgd, roi Bezretu-y to keep ‘
mom rs, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , 00
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B Ti-easureri tpa S‘ecretary, Wlt1l2K8)iS'l11:; well bound,
lank Race p or one er
Alfiplications for Membzriihip, ps,r 100u:‘.L. . . .
embershi Cards, per l00,....___  ____ ,___
Withdraw Cards, per doz., . . . ..
gimrits, in envelopes, per doz.,. ._ ....... .: .... . .
3;)-erayivpzof the State Grange, single copies 10c,
-1---.. ............ .................'.
By-Laws. 
“(;:dd§z‘:-11°08. Vrlth music. Single copy 16 cts.
9 - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . .
Rituals. single co ... . . . _ . _ , , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _
“ per floz-..lly.'. ........................ . .
gar‘ cage; Fifth Degree, for Pomona Granges,
Blank “Article's.(;f:A..suc:d.ial:i<;ii;'.f'<>:1:the.Iiicdrpd: -
ration ;>faS1ii(l’i:li!;<:li;i;ete Gr-angss, with Copy of
_ i _ ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . _
gptihcsa Delinquent Members, per 100, ...... , ,
ifunaféélf‘. . .".‘.  f"'.°.'fZ ..".°;‘ P"
American Manual of Parliamentary Law,   :
U u u ,

. 
A¢L11'6!8 Ofa-T. g;rwQ1  before the Nation-
]A)<i1gdre:s fofL'£hos.  N.

es 0 w san ulmgg,‘

Address,

60
50
60
60
60
25
25

76
20

40
240

10

10
40

. . . . . .........--o

J. 'r. oonn,
Sac’! M102. 8‘.l'A!K‘I Gannon. ’
Bc1EO0Il0B.A1"l‘,lnOE.


. .«--«i-ismw,'';‘- ‘ Vat-

TEE GRANGE

gvisgifios.

NOVEMBER 15. 1881.

M has a Name!

Mr. Editor .-—-D. S. Carvin, of Colfax. in-
forms the readers of the VISITOR, through
its last number that. being in the township
of Sherman a few days previous to the date
(Oct. 12) of his communication, he found a
man selling a clothes-washer, invented by a
man at Schoolcraft, which, though doing
good work, was nevertheless without a name’
2A5 the patentee of said washer, I will
simply say that it is and has been, from its
first introduction to the public, called the
“ Economist.” It is manufactured in two
different styles, one designed for use by
hand only, the other to be used in’ connec-
tion with a lever and tub attachment; the
two styles being respectively designated as
No. 1 and No. 2. That it has been appro-
priately named; both in view of its working
capacity and the fact that the wear and tear
of clothing caused by hand rubbing, in con-
nection with the common wash-board or by
the use of most other washing machines, is
entirely avoided by the use of the Econo-
mist, t us saving twice its cost in doing the
washing for a family of half a dozen persons
during a single year, is fully attested not
only by the unqualified approval and unso-
licited testimonials of the hundreds of fam-
ilies now using it, but also by the constantly
increasing demand for it—every agent now
at work wit it expressing himself abund-
antly satisfie with the sales he is making.

Mr. Carvin says further that the gentle-
man above referred to informed him that
I was charging him a royalty of 75 cents
upon each and every machine made and
sold him : which, in the opinion of Mr.
Carver, is rather high, causing him to won-
der whether the patent laws will sustain the
patentee in such exorbitant royalty.

My answer to which is, that I am less
concerned either about what can be avoided
or enforced in the premises, by the patent
laws, or about the private or public opinion
of Mr. Carvin concerning the matter _ of
royalty, than the pecuniary responsibility
of the salesman in question.

W. T. S)lI’l‘Hi.

Schoolcraft, Mich., Nov. 14, 1881.

ACCORDINLS to the English authorities,
1881 will be remembered as the worst onion

car on record, the onion grub having total-
y destroyed the crop, except in a few in-
stances where special precautions were
taken against this insect.

 FOR SOLDIERS,

widows. parents or chil-
dren. Thousands yet entitled. Pensioners nou: en-
titled to an increase. Bount yet due thousands.
Soldiers and heirs of 1812 and exican were entitled
Pensions and Land Warrants. I have unexcelled
facilities for securing patents. This is one of the
oldest and most responsible claim agencies in the
U. S. Can refer to thousands of pensicfliers and
clients. Send two stamps for laws, blanks and in-
structions. W. T. FITZGERALD, Pension and
Patent Attorney, Lock Box 42‘Z.Washington, D. C.

nov.1-3m.

— OFFICE OF ——

GEORGE W. HILL,

80 Woodbfidge St., West,

Detroit, .Mich., Oct. 7, 1881.

DEAR SIR :——.I have decided to make every
Grange the following offer, which will give
each family represented an opportunity of
saving a considerable amount on their gro-
ceries, and at the same time will be little or
no trouble to the Secretary to transact the
business.

I will send to any Grange, upon receipt of
order with SEAL, the articles named in sub-
joined list, and if goods are not lower in
price than at home stores, and not in EVERY
RESPECT perfectly satisfactory they may be
returned at MY expense of freight BOTH
WAYS.

My cases are made and arranged ex-
ressly for the purpose; goods cannot get
amaged, or mixed; lids have hinges, and

screwed down, the whole is a complete little
GROCERY STORE; prices guaranteed two
weeks. Don’t be confined to the list if any-
thing else is wanted, but I do want the case
to go out complete. I am trying to solve the
problem of how I can supply each Grange
with their goods — especially Groceries — at
the lowest prices, with the least expense to
myself and least troub.e to the Secretary. so
that it will be to our mutual advantage. I
think I have hit on the right plan, but may
haveto make some changes. If you ever
expect to be benefited pecuniarily, accept
my -::flE‘er and try my plan long enough for
me to get it into practical order. ,

ORDER NO. ONE.

l.2lbs. Best J ap. Tea in 21b Pkgs, 4-5c . . . . . . . . . .$5 40
24 “ Best Rio Coffee in 4 “ “ 16c. . . .
6 “ Gloss Starch 1 “
6 “ Corn Starch 1 “
12 “ Good Soap 1 “
12 " Baking Bowder 2 “
l2 “ Cream Tartar, 2 “
6 “ Ground Pepper 1 “
6 “ Ground Ginger 1 "
3 “ Nutmeg é“

Empty cases to be returned very soon.

LAMP CHIMNEYS ARE PACKED SIX
DOEEN IN A CASE.

Size “'0”-—smallest-—40c per (ion, or 82 40 per case.
in iil’Y_medium_45c in II it 82 70 ii is
u u2"._]3l-ge _.60¢ u :1 u  60 ii :4
Sold by the case only.

1 Bushel Baskets, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..$‘.’ I30 per doz.

OYSTERS IN CANS AND BULK.
BOGER'S PLATED WARE.
SCALES OF ALL SIZES AND KINDS.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

SALT.

I will furnish Salt for stock and fertilizing pnr-
poees. IN BULK, on board cars at Bay City, at 84 50
per ton, in car lots of 12 to 16 tons, which is equiv-
alent to 63 cents per barrel. _ _

Freight rates to your station on apphcation.

Everything in the Line of Merchandise
Purchased for Patrons.

Obaerve the followifighzrigtu in Price: from my
:1 .-

syrup and MolasseI,.abont 5 to 10c per gal. advance
"  “ 46to60cperbox “

2c per pound

30c per

25¢: per oz.

5 to,10c per pound

ho ' "  2 to 5c “ "

  of ‘u h'nda’___ lc u u

Peanutii; '.
latches, . . .

Family Crackers 75¢ per lb. and 25¢ for barrel.
Oetlbtf

ATRONS’

MANUFACTURERS OF

lngersnlls Pure Ready-mixed Paints. P243

Send for color-card and Prices.

COOLING MILK and BUTTER.

We present herewith an il-
lustration of the Acme Cream-

er and Butter Cooler, manu-
factured by us at Schoolcraft,
Michigan.

The advantage claimed for
this Creamer over its compet-
itors, is its combination of
Creamer and Butter Cooler at
prices within reach of all.

The water tank is lined
with zinc, with an air space
between it and the wood tank,
which is lined with heavy
inodorous waterproof paper.
It has double doors, with an
air space between, making it
the most perfect non-conduc-
tor of heat or cold.

The Butter Cooler or Safe
is made of galvanized iron,
and is so placed in the water-
tank that it is wholly sur-
rounded by water, which
keeps it at a low temperature.

It is not only used as a Butter Cooler, but as a receptacle for fresh meats and all articles
for family use usually kept in an ice refrigerator, and at no extra expense or labor, as the
water that is used to cool the milk is suflicient to keep the cooler at desired temperature.
The milk cans are twenty inches high, holding eighteen quarts. They have a ven-
tilator in the cover that allows all the gases to pass off while the milk is cooling, making
a better quality of butter than can be produced with cans that are sealed tight before the
gases or animal heat is allowed-to pass off‘. These cans, when filled with milk, are placed
in the‘ water tank beside the Cooler, and are surrounded and rapidly cooled by the water

flowing among them.

The skimming is done perfectly by an arrangement upon the side of the milk can,
and so simple that a Child ten years old can skim a can in less than a minute.

By this process the cream is first drawn off‘, leaving all sediments in the milk instead
of drawing off the milk and gathering all the impurities in the cream, such as thicky
substance, often streaked with blood, which many times escape the observation of the
most careful butter makers. This gives the butter made by the Acme system, a reputation
for purity, which insures a better price and more ready sale. ~

The Acme Creamer and Butter Cooler saves two» thirds the labor in butter making,
handled, and produces an even grade of butter, both VVinter and Summer,
which se is at a remunerative price to the producer.
pumped for_the stock, either by wind power or by hand, passes through the tank. that
being suflicient, no_exti'a labor is required. Farmers should investigate this system, and
not stick so tenaciously to the old way, and be obliged, as they often are. to sell their

it is easil

butter at ruinously low prices.
Schoolcraft, Mich., August, 1881.

MICHIGAN STATE GRANGE, 
MASTER'S OFFICE,
GILEAD, Micir, August 23:1, 1881. 
Masses. MCCALL & DUNCAN :

Gentlemen,-—We have now tested the Acme Creamer
until we are satisfied that it is a good thing. It
makes less work with an equal amount of better
butter than with paint. Yours y,

C. G. LUCE.

MCCALL & DUNCAN, Schoolcraft, Mich.,

After thoroughly testing your Creamer and Butter
Cooler for the past two months, we can say that in
all respects it is a complete success. It not only
saves a great amount of labor, but furnishes a cheap
and convenient place for milk and butter. During
the extreme hot weather and thunder showers, our
milk remains sweet. We have the same grade and
quantity of butter without the use of ice. It is sim-
ple in its arrangement, and is easily kept clean ; and
lastly but not least, we regard it as possessing that
essential quality of be‘ a time and labor saving
arrangement for making utter, and can cheerfully
recommend it to all. L. F. COX & WIFE.

Portage, July 30, 1881.

It is so arranged that all the water

MCCALL & DUNCAN.

Masses. MCCALI. Jo DUNCAN, Schoolcraft, Mich,

I have given the Acme Creamer a thorough trial,
by setting equal amounts of milk in the Creamer and
in shallow pans in the cellar: From the shallow
pans I made 2% lbs. of butter; from the Creamer 4
lbs., and better quality. I can make more butter
and a great deal better quality in the Creamer with
one-third the labor. The Cooler will keep butter in
a splendid condition for any length of time. It cer-
tainly is as necessary to have a place for the preserv-
ing of butter until ready for market, as for the rais-
ing of cream. After using it through the heat of the
summer, I find the Cooler an indispensable addition
to the Creamer. You will always find me a true
friend and warm advocate of the Acme Creamer and
Butter Cooler. MRS. O. H. FELLOWS.

Prairie Ronde, Mich., July, 1381.

§ Send for Circular and Price List.
MCCALL & DUNCAN,

juiiel5-tf. Scuooncasrr, Mica.

POULTRY

BULLETIN.

The Bulletin is a large, beautifully illustrated, Monthly Magazine, published in
It is devoted to the breeding and management of thoroughbred stock.
It is the oldest ournal of its class in the world.

New York City.

give its subscri rs what they pay for:

Good, Live, Interesting, Valuable Reading.

If you take any papei‘ of the sort, you want the Bulletin, If you keep Poultry or
pet stock of any kind, you want the Bulletin.

$|.25 PER YEAR, POST PAID.
' POULTRY BULLETIN.

Annxiiss
sept. lzitf '

TEE KALAMAZOO

COLLEGE. W0
:3

INSTITUTE,

Oifers superior advantages to young Men and Women
who wish to qualify for business. Send for Journal
giving particulars.

W. F. PARSONS, Presf.

Alahatine

Is the only preparation based on the
proper principles to constitute a durable
finish for walls, as it is not held on the wall
with glue, etc., to decay, but is a Stone Ce-
ment that hardens with age, and every ad-
ditional coat strengthens the wall. Is ready
for use by adding hot water, and easily ap-
plied by anyone.

Fifty cents’ worth of ALABASTINE will
cover 50 square yards of average wall with
two coats.-, and one coat will produce better
work than can be done with one coat of any
other pre aration on the same surface.

For e by paint dealers everywhere-
Send for circular containin the twelve
beautiful tints. Manufactu only by AL-
ABASTINE 00.

J 1 tr M. B. Cnnacn. Manager
uy - .

Grand Rapids, Mich.

It believes in new ideas, and aims to

It costs but a small sum,

62 Courtlandt St.. New York. N. Y.

Farmers and Patrons
of the --vrsr':ro3.,"',

ARE you in need of a

WIND MILL ?

If so, read the following:

THE UNDERSIGNED
WIND MILL CO..

xaxuracrnnxna or
W0 L C 0 T T ’ S
PATENT
SELF- REG ULATING

SEIITIDNAL -.WHEEl WIND Mlll,

ARE now prepared to furnish Mills on short notice.
We employ but few Agents: we prefer to deal di-
rectly with the farmers. Remember, the Wind Mill
we ofier you is not a new and untried Mill, for it
has been built in Albion for the past nine years, and
has stood the test. We can furnish any number of
Testimonials, from ten or more different States. We
have made many new and useful improvements from
year to car, until we now have as good 5. Mill as
can be ound in the market——we might, like others,
say the beat, but we leave it to you to judge for your-
so . All we ask is that you give our Mill a trial. It
costs you nothing to make the trial; if not satis-
factory, we take it away at our own expense.

Derricks, Pumps, Tanks and Piping furnished
with or without Mills.

You can save time and money by writing at

once for Circulars and Price List to
UNION WIND MILL Q MAN'F’G 00-.

' BROOKLYN, N. Y.

aopusisiei Albion. Mich.

OFFICE, =

PLYMOUTH ST..

AINT C‘ ORKS,

MASTERS and SECRETARIES
Please write under Seal.
For CONFIDENTIAL Circulars.

HUSBAND s-so. --cm» WIVES 1

MOTHERS

or DROOPING  !

SHOULD KNOW OF

DR. R. PENGELLTS “WOMAN'S FRIEND,” IMPROVED!

It is a. SOVEREIGN RBJMEDY for
Those Complaints (they need no naming) peculiar to WOMEN, YOUNG or OLD, NOT A CURE-

A L L, Clazmin

afllicts MEN VEN MORE THAN WOMEN.

It works in ONE LINE and in that line it excels.

to annihilate Janndice, Diabetes. Bright's Disease, Gravel, and everything else which

The tender, Nervous Girl, the anxious, e

apecamt
Mother, the overburdened Houaeun‘/‘e, the Matron, passing the critical change, are all guarded, soothed and

sustained by its Gentle Influence.

It is the prescription of an e

fenced Ph sician, perfected during’ Ii

life-long practice, and its nine ears of public record, in 30 different States, have proved it rightly named -

A FRIEND INDEED T0

OMAN. The good words of those who use it are its best advertisement.

An 8-ounce ($1.00) bottle, or a 20-ounce ($2.00) bottle sent on receipt of price, express prepaid, also

references and testimonials, on application to

R.
KALAMAZO0. MICH.

PENGELLY 85 CO..
(Foiiiriianv or Pi..uNwiir.r..)

I Sold by Drugglets generally and Lady Agents: Swift do Dodds, and Fnrrnnd, Wlulnuaa
&. C0,, Detroit. Morrison. Plummer 8: CO.. Chicago.

EVERY FARMER IN THE COUNTRY SHOULD EXAMINE THE

New Combined Spring Tooth Sulky Harrow

CULTI VATOR AND SEEDER.

lVIanufact1.u'ed by

was sonar: 85 SCHUSTER SULKY
HARROW AND sssnsa conmw.

K a] nmazoo, - Michigan.

As a combined machine, it stands on-

. rivalled in excellence, doing the work of

‘ ly and satisfactorily.

in Harrow and Seed Sower most thorough-
It has taken high

- rank at once as ONE OF THE VERY

all kinds grain and grass seeds. The
draft than any other Harrow in the market.
wherever shown in 1880.

THE CHAMPION

BEST IMPLEMENTS FOR THE USES
DESIGNED EVER INVEN TED. Sows
Harrow does not trail, and is of lighter
It received first premium and diplomas

SOMETHING“ENTIRELYWISIEWl

BARBED WIRE

Is Easily Seen, Most Effective, and Least Dangerous to Stock of any Barbed Wire known.

CIEIIDEEI. ‘YOIIEI.

Barbed Wire, Dry Goods, Groceries, Sewing Machines, Scales,
Seeds, Hardware, Watches, Clocks, Plated Ware, &c., &.c.

In Fact, Everything You Want, of Your State Business Agency.

THOMAS

MASON’,

Commission Merchant, 181 South VVa.ter Street, Chicago, Ill.

§”PATRONS STATE BUSINESS AGENT.

Peach Trees! Peach Trees!

E OFFER a large lot of CHOICE PEACH
TREES for sale at prices that defy competi-
tion,
In Lots to Suit .Purc1iasc-rs.
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF

NURSERY ST 0 C K",

PLANTS, VINES AND EVBRGRBENS.

Address BUTTRICK & WATTERSON,
Proprietors of “ Kent Co. Pomona Nurseries,”

septl-3m CASCADE, KENT Co., Mien.

_ ENNO & MANNING,

WUULFEUMMISSIUN MEBEHANTS,

117 Federal St., Boston.
Bonsignments solicited and Cash Advances Made.

Bindery Work I

MAGAZINES

—AND——

‘BOOKS FOR RE-BINDING.

Send all work of this kind to us.
Our bindery pa s special attention to
this work, an parties sending or-
ders to us will have srompt attention.

Grange Records an Blanks, County,
Bank, Commercial Work, and esti-
mates made on all classes of Printing
and Binding.

The Re-binding of School and
Sunday School Libraries

is an important branch of our business.

Gorrupondence from Librarians, School Director:
mid Buxinen Men all over the wuntry BOLIOITED.

KALAMAZO9 PUBLISHING COMPANY,

Postofllcc Block, KALAMAl00- o

N. B.—All goods bought on your order at WHOLE-
SALE RATES on day of purchase. Terms strictly cash.

THE 5 - TON

WAGON SCALES.

ARE SOLD FOR 360.

All Iron and Steel. Sold on trial—freight paid by
us—-no money asked till tested and found satisfac-
tory. All sizes manufactured.

JONES OF BINGHAMPTON,
Binghempton. N. Y.

Send for Circulars and further particulars.

Paw Paw, Mich., May 18th, 1878.
Jonas or BINGI-IAMTON:

My Scales give entire satisfaction. I have subject-
ed it to the most severe tests and find it not only
correct in weighing large or small amounts. but
perfectly reliable.

Yours, Fratei-nally,

J. J. WOODMAN.
3 in—1yr

Thefileclm-M ec ush

Endorsed by all I-om nent Scientists and
PI: nlcluna In Amer en. Ha: aconipletc 33

Free.

I .1. w. WEAKLEV .1.-. .3. co., c:.ca'.....s. o. '

15nv.-8t.

GRAPE vmg§,ii

AllI.ee.dl V ri tleslnl I .
true to nalilige. afiglces low‘.“!XlBs1i>l,)lthye celebrated

NEW WHITE GRAPE.

PRENTISS

Send stamp for Price and Descriptive List. Also
Trees, Small Fruits, etc. _ ‘
1'. S. HUBBARD, Fredonm, II. 1'.

nov.1-yl. ~