.,,_'z-_.- _., _».« ~._..... “THE FARMER IS OF MORE CONSEQUENCE THAN THE FARM, AND SHOULD BE FIRST IJIIPROVED.” VOLUME 8,-NO. 4. WHOLE N0. 132. g [Printed by Kalamazoo Publishing Co.] SCHOOLCRAFT, MICH., FEEEUARY 15, 1882. YOUR SUBSCRIPTION WILL EXPIRE WITH NO..... Entered at the Post Ofiice at Kalamazoo as Second Class matter. @112 humps %isitmc (ENLARGED) Published on the First and Fifteenth of every month, AT FIFTY CENTS PER ANNUM, ‘Eleven Copies for 35.00. J. T. COBB, Editor and Manager, To whom all communications should be addressed, at Bchoolcraft, Mich. Remittances should be by Registered Letter. Money Order. or Draft. This Edition 9,000. INDEX TO THIS NUMBER. Hymn for Farmers—Fattening Cattle. No. 2—Milk and Silos in the East——Do not Cut off your Lambs’ Tails——Poultry Accounts—Educated Farmers... 1 What Was His Creed l’—Look out for Swindlers- Should it Pass?-— Lessons from the Past—The Vrsrroa Going outside the Oi-der—What is to be Said of Sherman Grange, No. 632 —Elk Lake Grange, No. 469——ReyIort of the Committee on Dormant Granges Made before the Last Session of the State Grange——Full of Grit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 farming for Boys—Polly's First Half-Dollar—A.n- other New Road, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 D. M. Ferry & Co.: A Model Contract-—An Ice House without Ice—-The Driven Well—Masters, Lecturers and Secretaries for 1882: Where Are They ?——0bituary N otices——Defense Fund—V1sI'r- on Receipts (Continued),—The Tax Commission. 4 How to Have It—Stock-Raising- How to Drain, 5 The Beautiful Gate——Don’t Take it to Heart——What the Patrons Did at Lansing——“ Forward ! "— Home Culture-—The Right of Women to be Heard — What a Sister Says of the Grange, . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 What Shall We Eat and Drink ?—Watch Your Words—~Aunt Nina's Bow—-Aunt Nina’s Friends —-Sunset on the Hymalayas—The Reaper, Death —Advertisements, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7 Notices of Meetings——Advertisements, . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Omcers National Grange. MAa'.mB.—J. J. WOODMAN,. . .Paw Paw, Michigan. 0'vnnsana—PUT. DARDEN, ......... . .Mississippi. Ls:o'rn'nnn—-HENRY ESHBAUGH, .... ..Missouri. Szrawu.n—A. J. VAUGHN, . . . . . . . . . . ..Mississippi. Assr. S'rawAnn—WlLLIAM'SIMS, . . . . . . ..Kansas. CEA.PLA1N—-S. H. ELLIS, .......... ..... ..Ohio. 'I‘nnAsussn——F. M. MCDOWELL, .... ..New York. 5l0BETABY—WM. M. IRELAND, Washington, D.C. eux.Kmn>nn'—-o. DINWIDDIE, ....... ..Indjana. 0naas——MRS. J. J. WOODMAN, . . . . . . ..Michigan. Poxo1u—MBS. PUT. DARDEN, .... ..Mississippi. 1"r.on.o.-—MRS. I. W. NICHOLSON,...New Jersey. Lu)? Assr. STEWABD-— MRS. WM. SIMS, Kansas. Executive committee- D. WYATT AIKEN, . . . . . . . . . . . . ..South Carolina. H. JAMES, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Indiana. W. G. WAYNE, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..New York. Oficers Michigan state Grange. M.—C. G. LUCE. ........................ ..Gilead. O.—A. N. WOODRUFF, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wa tervliet. CHARLES E. MICKLEY . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . ..Thurber. B.—S. A. TOOKER, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Lansing. A. 8.—A. E. GR'EEN,.... .. .. .Farmington. 0.—8ALMON STEEL, ..... . .Frankfort, Benzie Co. 1'.--8. 1!‘. BROWN, .................. ..Schoolcraft. SIG.-J. T. COBB, ................... . .Schoolcraft. G. K.—ELIJAH BARTLETT, . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dryden. 0Inns.—Mns. A. S. STANNARD, ........ ..Lowell. PoII0lL.—-Mas. H. D. PLATT, . . . . . . . . . . .Ypsilanti. FnonL.—Mns. A N. WOODRUFF, . . . .Watervliet. L. A. 8.—Mns. A. E. GREEN, . . . . . . . . .Fa1-mington. Executive committee- J’. Q. A. BUBBINGTON. Chairman, .... ..Tuscola. J. WEBSTER CHILDS, .............. ..Ypsilanti. 1'. M. HOLLOWAY, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hillsdale. THOMAS MARS, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Berries Center. WM. SATTERLEE, ............... ..Birmingham. ‘EH08. F. J. G RAMSDELL ................. ..Traverse City. 0. G. LUCE, J. T. COBB, ............ ..Ex-ofiicio. State Business Agent. THOMAS MASON, ................. I1]. GEO. W. HILL ...... .......... .._......Dstroit. ’ Special ‘Lecturers. Then: 1'‘. Moore, ............. ..Adrian, Lenawee Go. I. L. Stevens. ............. ..PerrV» Bhil-In-also Co- In. 8. Steele..." ;........Manton, Wsxlord 00: Andrew Oompbell. ..... "Ypsilanti, Washtenaw 00. J. W. Wing..... ..... ..Ann Arbor, Wasbtenaw Co: duviwllusl Eeitwlmul. A HYMN FOR FARMERS. The following hymn. written for the occasion by Mr. John G. Whittier, was sung to the tune of "Au.l_d Lang Syne,” at the banquet of the American Horti- cultural Society, in Boston recently: 0 painter of the fruits and flowers, We own thy wise design. Whereb these human hands of ours May s are the work of thine. Apart from Thee, we plant in vain The root and sow the seed; Th early and Thy later rain, hy sun and dew we need. Our soil is sweet with thankfulness, Our burden is our boon; The curse of earth's gray morning is The blessing of its noon. Whysearch the wide world everywhere For Eden's unknown ground? That garrl en of the primal pair May never more be found. But, blast by Thee, our patient toil May right the ancient wrong, And give to every clinic and soil The beauty lost so long. Our homestead flowers and fruited trees May Eden's orchard shame; We tastc the tempting sweets of these, Like Eve, without her blame. And north and south and east and west, The pride of every zone, The fairest, rarest and the best May all be made our own. Its earliest shrines the young world sought In hill-groves and in bowers; The iittest offering thither brought Were Thy own fruits and flowers. ' And still with reverent hands we cull Thy gifts each year renewed; The good is always beautiful, The beautiful is good. Fattening Cattle, No. 2. In the last VISITOR a few thoughts were presented in regard to the kind of cattle that should be fed, and the kind that should not. ' And Idesire again to call attention to the fact that this is of first importance. It is the very foundation upon which we build. In this number a few words in regard to the care of cattle in feeding. It will be con- ceded by all thoughtful men that our civili- zation extends to each member of society certain rights and imposes certain duties. It extends to the’ farmer, as well as others, the right to realize all he can honestly out of his situation. This is due to himself, his fam- ily, and the community in which he lives. The present and future good of society pro- hibit impoverishing his fields. But doubt- less the feeder begins to ask, what has this to do with fattening cattle? It really has much to do with it. If you or I are keeping and trying to fatten cattle in such a way as to impoverish us, it is only a question of time when we shall be compelled to abandon the business. We violate the rule. We do not grasp the opportunities within our reach, and we lose this natural means of fertilizing our soil. VVhen we undertake to lay down full and complete rules even for our own guidance we are beset with many difiiculties. The process in all its details is governed so much by varying circumstances that a full set of rules for one farm will not in all respects meet the requirements on another. The products of the farm, the number to be fed, the time of year that the stock is to be placed on the market, will each and all have some effect. But most of the cattle fed in this State are fed in small lots. Large feed- ers are the exception. But whether the number fed be few or many, whether the chief products of the farm be grass, grain or roots, there are cer- tain rules of universal application. In the first place the feeder must have a downright‘ liking for the business. He must. like to see them eat.’ He must like to see them grow. He must like to see them lie quietly and chew their cuds. He must get satisfaction out of their enjoyment. If he has not a natural taste for this he must cultivate it. And for this purpose I appeal to his selfish- ness, as well as his humanity. There is money in it—or at least saved by it. A few days ago a successful sheepfeeder remarked to me as he exhibited his well-fed flock: It does me good to see them eat and enjoy themselves; we just wait upon them as we would children. And he loved the work. It was not an irksome task for him. And verily he will reap his reward. The cattle must be fed and cared for with the same relish if satisfactory results are reached. Regularity in time of feeding is of great importance. The same amount of food will do much more good when fed at stated hours —yea, minutes, than when the stock is sup- plied at most any time that it happened to be convenient. When cattle are kept in a state of expectancy by irregular feeding they will bellow, sweat, and fret oft‘ much of the good their food should do them. When fed regularly they continue in a state of repose until the moment for feeding ar- rives. Then they are ready to eat, and again lapse into a condition of lazy quiet-ude. This regularity must be observed Sundays, the same as other days. If week day feed- ing is done at 7 o’clock in the morning and Sunday at 9 o’clock, the one day’s feeding is certainly lost. if not more. Of course good Grangers will arrange to make their Sunday chores as convenient and light as possible. So if you do not get up until9 o’clock to feed, you are not only cheating the Lord but yourself, and "abusing your cattle. Cattle of all kinds should at all times be treated kindly. Do not frighten them while fattening. Do not make them move rapidly and never make them run. The boys must not chase them around, and of all things never dog them or permit it to be done. It is better to have the same man feed and care for them as far as practicable. Cattle should be made to gain every day, from the time they are on their feet until they go to the block. It is a great waste of raw material to fatten for awhile, and then let them shrink. After they have com- menced to fall away it takes a great efl"ort to start them up again. Some may do this for the sake of securing a streak of fat and a. streak of lean. But they are dear streaks. Calves should never be "mocked in the head with a milk pt-i" ':?:i.',ue are creatures of habit. And :5‘ _-i.r '- acquire the habit of fatting while yo’-.z.~ ,., it is much more easy to continue on in the habit than it is to acquire it at a maturer age. Besides, the form is more perfect in an animal that has never been shrunk up by poverty of feed. In the next we will try to say something in regard to the relative value of different varieties of feed. Milk and Silos in the East. In this vicinity,where 'we are all so much interested in the welfare of the cow, and es- pecially of those particular cows that pro- duce what has been called the “ basis of city milk,” the predominant topic of interest among farmers is always milk. Although there is no regularly organized Farmers’ Club here, wherever two or three are gathered to- gether there is always a. free discussion on the cow and her product. As may be inferred,almost the only article produced for market is milk. Some butter is made, some stock raised, some wheat and other grain is also raised, but not as much of any of these is produced as is consumed, and the great West is called upon to make up the deficiency. VVhile as for sheep, our children hardly know the animal by sight. The milk from this side of the town of Sharon, Connecticut, as well as from the adjoining towns in New York, goes to New York City by the Harlem railroad. But the works of the New York condensed milk company, situated at Wassaic. N.Y., receive alarge quantity of milk from a radius of about eight miles, which is then sent to the city in its condensed form. Among the patrons of this factory are some of the most successful of our milk farmers, and a few items about the winter care of milch cows may not come amiss to the readers of the GRANGE VISITOR. A short time since I paid a visit to the stables of Wm. H. Tanner, of Wassaic New York. Let me say right here that Mr. Tanner is not one of those privileged per- sons who farm it for fun, but he farms it to make money, and his farm has been brought from a moderate condition to its present state of high fertility by a judicious care and outlay. ' He has now in his stables 130 cows; 122 of which are giving milk. This includes those that are nearly dry as well as those new in milk, for in this business we are obliged to have a succession of new milch cows the year around. The present yield is nearly 1400 quarts per day, being an average of about 10} quarts each. This is consid- ered an excellent average at this time of year. . \ Of course in the care of so many cows sys- tem is absolutely necessary, so a clock is kept in the stable, and each work is set its proper time and must not be varied. Each cow is fed her grain in a small tub where it is wet up beforehand and allowed to soak several hours, thus making it easier of digestion. At five o’clock in the morning, the milkers, nine in number, arrive at the stable. The flrst work is to push each cow's tub of meal up to her, then follows milk- ing, after this hay is fed. The rule is to feed as near as possiblejust as much as they will eat up clean in one hour. By the time hay is fed it is 7 o'clock and breakfast is ready. After breakfast the night feed is put in the tubs and wet up. This is the same as the morning feed, and consists of four quarts of different kinds of grain ready mixed in the granary. corn meal, wheat bran and barley meal—but I did not learn in what proportion each was used——and with each cow's mess is put one pint of cotton seed meal, and all’ is stirred up with agallon of water. By the time thisjob is done the cows have finished their hay, and are then watered with pails from a vat in the stable. If the weather is warm and pleasant they are then let out for a short time while the stables are cleaned, but if the day is cold and stormy the cows remain in while the stables are cleaned. At half-past eleven they receive their sec- ond foddering of hay, and after dinner are again watered, and if the day is pleasant are turned out a little while. At halfpast three P. M. the tube of grain are again set up to the cows, and as soon as they have finished the time is occupied in mixing the morning feed. At half past four milking begins, and after milking tha cows are given a feed of ensilmfe.:\ai,l mat can be packed in a bushel and a half baske. makes 2: feed for three cows, and is about all they will eat up clean at once. By the time they are all fed it is seven o'clock and the stable is closed for the night. Thus the men work about the same hours summer and winter. Mr. Tanner was one of the original silo men of the town, having built one of 200 tons capacity in 1880. He is enthusiastic in its praise, and hopes to build a new one next season, and stables for forty more cows. And it is worthy of remark that the owners of all the silos around here. of which I gave some’ account last summer, speak in the highest terms, so far as I can learn, of ensilage as a food for cows. Mr. Chaffee, who is to address the meet- ing of -the Housatonic Milk Association at New Milford, Connecticut, Jan 31, also built a silo at the same time as Mr. Tanner. and considers it a great success. Sharon, Conn. SOIL. Do Not cut Off Your Lambs’ Tails. The time was not long ago when a horse was not thought to have reached a. marketa- ble condition until his tail had been cut short and made to assume a position like a hat peg. Now it is quite generally conceded that the Creator knew best how he should be, and we wonder how-men could ever have be so foolish and inhuman as to try and im- prove on nature by so disfiguring that noble animal. Yet many are just as foolish and inhuman in trying to better perfect nature by depriving their sheep of that necessary appendage, the tail. The excuses for this barbarous and unnec- essary operation are as ' numerous as they are weak. Some say——and it would be hard to convince them to the contrary——that the long—tailed sheep are more apt to become taggy, but 1 know from experence and care- ful observation that this is entirely a mis- take and that the short tailed are ten times worse in this respect. All other arguments in favor of the practice are just as opposite the truth as this, and one needs but to try it, and leave the lambs as Nature intended for one season, to be convinced. The operation stunts the lambs and causes loss in the growth. The tails afford great protection in winter from cold winds and storms. If any one has a few long-tailed sheep in his flock, he will notice that almost -invariably they are the largest and most thrifty sheep he has. Remember this, and next spring do not go blindly against your own interest and unmercifully chop of!’ your lambs’ tails. A. . STARK. Otsego, Mich._ Poultry Accounts. The following are some facts from a record of 1881, per 100 fewls, Kalamazoo market, VVhite Leghorn variety : Received an average of 20 cents per dozen for eggs the entire year; they averaged highest in February, 30 cents, and lowest in May, 12} cents, rising gradually in price toward the close of the year. Number of dozen eggs sold, 775, or over 25 eggs per day for the year,— one-fourth the number of fowls; received for eggs, $140; fattened fowls sold, $35; total receipts, $175; expense for feed, $75; profit for year $100, or $1 per hen per annum. Fowls, however should be kept in lots of not more than 50. Between one and two dozen fattened fowls were stolen, of which no account is taken. You say this is not much of a showing. Well, that is a point we are coming at. If you have done as well or better, tell us how you did it. A man near Kalamazoo cleared $2 per hen in 1880 from a. flock of 25. The next year 50 were kept, and the profits were proportionately smaller. That teaches one lesson——division into smaller flocks. Others may have done better than either, but the first figures show what anyone can do with poultry whose head and hands and heart are full of plenty of other work. Old Poultry doesn't want to be a gobbler about these talks on poultry, but all we are here for is to provoke some discussion and get different opinions and methods. Perhaps we are too easily suited, but if we receive one-half the number of eggs per day that there are hens in summer, and one- fourth in winter, we wear the smile of contentment. March is a. good time to commence poultry accounts, and might be called the beginning of the fiscal year in this business. Grand View lv‘.1rm,} Kaiamarr ;. OLD POULTRY. Educated Farmers. Lawyers, physicians, clergyman and liter- ary men make the discipline of their in- tellect a. constant study. They read more, think more, write more than the laboring classes. The difference between the educat- ed and uneducated portions of society is a real difference. Now a proud and lazy fel- low may rail and swear at this. and have his labor for his pains. There is only one way really to get over it, and that is to rear up a. generation of well educated, thinking. read- ing farmers and mechanics. Your skill and industry are felt; and they put you in these respects ahead of any other class. Just as soon as your heads are felt as much as your hands are, they will bring you to the top. Many of our best farmers are men of great natural shrewdness; but when they were young they “ had no chance for learning.” They feel the loss, and they are giving their children the best education they can. Farm- ers’ sous constitute three fifths of the edu- cated class. But the thing is that they are not educated as farmers. When they begin to study they leave the farm. They do not expect to return to it. The idea of sending a boy to the school, the academy, and the college, and then letting him go back to farming is regarded as a mere waste of time and money. You see how it is even among yourselves. If a boy has an education, you expect him to be a lawyer, or a doctor, or a preacher. You would tacitly admit that a farmer_does not need such an’ education, and if you think so you cannot blame others if they follow your example. There is no reason why men of the very highest education should not go to a farm for a living. lfa son of mine were brought up on purpose to be a Iarmer, if that were the calling which he preferred, I still would ed- ucate him if he had common sense to begin with. He would be as much better for it as a farmer as he would as a lawyer. There is no reason why a thoroughly scientific edu- cation should not be given to every farmer and to every mechanic. ~— Ifenry Ward Beecher in “Flowers, Fruits and Farming.” LONDON Truth says: “America is sending us prime beef and mutton. American wool is ousting English from the market. Amer- ican apples are more numerous in the Eng- lish market than home grown. America is now sending us ‘ English ’ plum puddings ready for boiling. American horses have this year won the principal races in England and France. And now that America. is bestirrlng herself about her navy, what will be left for poor old England to plume her- self upon ‘I” Calhoun Co., Mich. Mr. Editor.--—I can say to my brother Gran- era that I can fully endorse the Patrons’ aint Worksas being honorable and rompt in business, and that the Ingersoll ubber Liquid Paint is all they claim for it. .. Cheap- est and best Paint we ever used, and they de- liver it freight paid, so we are not obliged to use the inferior swludles offered us by coun- try stores. P. Baocxronn, Lecturer [See advertisement.-En] . _ ._.¢...—. ‘. _ _, ~-~_,,..._..-I ms . 4* TEE GRANGE: VESITQEQ FEBRUARY 15, 1882 dpumntunitatiunc. WHAT WAS HIS CREED? He left a load of anthracite In front of a poor widow's dsor, When the deep snow, frozen and white, Wrap'd street, square, mountain and moor. That was his died; He did it well. “What was his creed?" I cannot tell. Blest “in his basket and his store,” In sitting down and rising up, When more he got, he gave the more, Withholding not the crust and cup. He took the lead In each good task- “What was his creed?" I did not ask. His charity was like the snow, Soft, white and silken in its fall; Not like the noisy winds that blow From shivering trees the leaves, a pall For flower and weed Drooping below. “What was his creed?” The poor may know. He had great faith in loaves of bread For hungry people, young and old; And hope-inspiring words he said To him he sheltered from the cold. For man must feed As well as pray, “What was his creed?” I cannot say. In words he did not put his trust; In faith his words were never writ; He loved to share his cup and crust With any one who needed it. In time of need A friend was he- “What was his creed?" He told not me. He put his trust in Heaven, and worked Ever along with hand and head; And what he gave in charity Sweetened his sleep and daily bread. Let us take heed, For life is brief! Adopt his creed And give relief. —E.zchan_qe. Look out for Swindlers. Bro. J. T. Cobb:——A new method of collecting royalty is now in operation in Lagrange county, Indiana, as follows: The patent right man calls at the farmer’s home and enquires what kind of a sewing ma- chine is used and, appearing to wish to show them how to improvelcertain parts of the machine, he takes off just enough to. make the machine worthless, and then col- lects his traps and the parts taken off‘, and tells the owner to call at such a place and pay the royalty thereon and take back what he has taken off of the machine. One of these collectors was brought to a. sudden stop upon the highway. The hus- band happened to be in the barn, and after the royalty visitor left, the lady ran out and told her husband what had been done by the patent right swindler. He repaired to the house, loaded his shot-gun,-mounted his horse, and in due time overtook the patent collector. At the point of the shot-gun the fellow returned what he had taken off, and left for parts unknown. Readers of the VISITOR, be on the lookout for these scamps, and have your shot-guns ready. Fraternally yours, GUTELIUS SNYDER. Three Rivers, Mich., Jan. 24. P. S. —-Fifteen fools in Indiana, same county paid $10 each to settle the drive well claim. May the Lord have mercy on their poor souls! Should it Pass‘! Editor Grange Visitor.-—Tbe bill prepared by the tax commission reads very much as if it was drawn by some shrewd money lending lawyer, with loop holes purposely inserted, out of which rich men can easily defraud the government of their just pro- portion of taxation, while the great burden is thrown upon the comparatively poor who constitute the great majority of the people. Wealthy aristocratic churches and parson- ages, costing vast sums of money, and so gorgeously furnished that no poor man dare, or can enter them without being con- sidered an intruder, are wholly exempt; while the poor man’s team, wagon and bar- ness. on which he depends for the support of his family, is taxed at its full value, while in many instances it is mortgaged to some money lending sharper for more than half its cash value, who escapes taxation on his claim. The commission seem to have ignored entirely the demands of justice, that every man should be taxed on the property he actually owns, no more, and no less. They have inserted one obscure clause stat- ing that a man . who wishes a deduction from his credits shall make an itemized statement of his indebtedness, but if the poor man has no credits -he can make no ‘deductions. even if his farm and personal property is covered with mortgages for nearly their entire value. If this is not the legitimate construction of the clause, I trust Brother Chamberlain will explain it: if they mean to do justice to the debtor he should have his entire indebtedness de- ducted from his assessment. The clause permitting the assessor to use his discretion in having the lists of property sworn to, should be made peremptory in every case. Whoever heard of asupervisor administering the oath even where he must have known that not half the personal property of a rich man was included in his list, especially when he was in a great measure indebted to_ the rich man for his election? He would consider it very wrong to even intimate that his wealthy friend had not given a full and true statement of his assessible property. I am confident that I can take the assessment of any town where I am acquainted with the property owners, and point outalarge majority of the wealthiest men who are not taxed on one- half their personal property, and what is true of this section will apply to every other part of the State, and any one can verify itif they will carefully examine the rolls. There is no remedy except to administer the oath in all cases without exception; but few men will swear falsely to save a lit- tle tax, especially when they can be so eas- ily detected. The section authorizing the town board to review the assessment should be stricken out, for the reason that it would only in- crease the expenses without any benefit to taxpayers. The town boards would gener- ally only endorse the action of the super- visor. The clause in section 12, requiring the county clerk, on the report of any bank cashier, to notify the supervisor‘ of each town of the amount of stock held by per sons in his town, is a good one, and another clause should be added, of still greater im- portance, requiring the register to report to each supervisor the names and amounts of all mortgages registered by residents of their respective towns, before the assessment is made, and that township clerks furnish a list of all the chattel mortgages filed and owned by residents of the township, and these should be assessed to the owner, and the property mortgaged be exempt to the amount of the mortgage. We hope for the credit of the legislature and the good of the great mass of our peo- ple, that they will not pass the bill without some radical amendments which will more effectually equalize the burdens of taxation. REFORMER. DOWAGIAC, Mich., Feb. 4th, 1882. .__________________ Lessons from the Past. An essay read by Perry Mayo, Lecturer of Cal- houn County Grange, January l2, 1882. “A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep, so shall thy poverty come as one that travaileth, and thy want as an armed man.” It has been said that history is constantly repeating itself. Whether this be true or not, it may be stated as an axiom in political economy, as else- where, that like causes produce like results. This fact being acknowledged, let us glance backward a few years in the history of our country, that We may draw a few lessons therefrom that may be of use to us in the present and in the future. Ever since Joseph made a corner in bread- stuffs, mentioned in the 47th chapter of Gen- esis, the same thing has been repeated in every generation and in the safiIe,manner down to the present time, and with the same results. And the persons or class of persons who have thus been enabled to se- cure all the benefits arising from the labor of others, have always been of the same general character; proud, aggressive, dom- ineering, and unscrupulous, deaf alike to the demands of justice and right and the cries of the oppressed, continually forging the chains of slavery, and piling up their ill-gotten gains, until outraged justice asserted her rights and involved all in one common ruin. This class has been particularly conspicu- ous in this country in the past. They held in bondage of the most abject kind four millions of people who were declared by the founders of our government to have been created equal. They made us all aiders and abettors of their crime by a fugitive slave law. -They demanded that the territories, which were to be the homes of untold mil- lions, should he dedicated to their use. They held the native by the throat and boasted that they would call the roll of their slaves in the shadow of Bunker Hill monument. They held the people in terror, and were deaf to all entreaties, and to the dictates of common sense. What was the result? The women of the South lived to see their fath- ers, husbands, and sons lowered into trait- ors’ graves; themselves—-raised in luxury and idleness——living on the unpaid toil of others, fleeing for their lives in the night by the light of the burning of their own dwellings; their country, as fair as any the sun ever shone upon, a mass of black- ened ruins and a howling wilderness,—and with bitter. bitter tears they realized that " the way of the transgressor is hard.” The North also received its share of punishment, because they slept at their post while these crimes were being perpe- trated. A National debt was ours, which we will bequeath to our children's children, and the homes throughout the length and breadth of the land mourn the loss of loved ones who went forth to defend the right and returned no more forever. Let us not repeat the experiment. To-day, intrenched in our National capi- tol, our State capitol, and our courts of jus- tice this same class, under the name of mo- nopolies, are making slaves of forty millions instead of four millions of people. The clanking of the chain may be heard in every train that passes. They are deaf to entreat-. ice, the demands of justice, and the cry of the oppressed, the widow and the orphan. They have had predecessors. They may profit by their example. This people never will be slaves. We have been -robbed of or hundreds of millions of our hard earnings by every form of monopoly which is pro- tected by law, from railroad kings to drive well agents. We proclaim to the world that we will have our own, by the ballot if we can, at the cannon’s mouth if we must. Patrons, know your duty and dare to do it. We recently heard a person in high position in our Order make the declaration before an intelligent audience that he had voted a straight party ticket for fifty years without a scratch. Great heavens ! “ Sleepy Hollow” in Michigan and Rip Van winkle a reality, and a member of the Grangell The thun- ders of the last half century have failed to rouse him from his slumbers, but the slide gate and drive well men have been more successful. After four years pounding on his political skull he feebly cries “ what’s wanting?” and the people cry in chorus, “ more light!” Such men are the bane of the country and a curse to any party. They are the political Gatling gun which slaughters friend and foe alike. They are the voting machine which the unscrupulous ring politicians use to shoot down the very best men who dare to stand up and fearlessly denounce the evils which exist in all political parties, and which have delivered us over bound hand and foot. Such are the class of men who think more uf their party than their country, who would rather the nation sink than that their party should be injured. VVe remember a few ofthis class in the past, and would that they had been buried so deep that their hideous skeletons might not be held up to attractattention while thieves plunder the country. The resolutions passed by the National Grange have the true ring. Let us then be up and doing. Too many of us will have to break away from old associations. It will be hard for us to “sing the songs of Zion in a strange land,” but we must make the sacri- fice, looking for no reward but a clear con- science and the knowledge that we have done our whole duty to our God, our coun- try, and ourselves. The “Visitor” Going Outside the Order. Bro. Cobb .- —I will give you a few items from our Grange as to what we are doing. Last Saturday, Jan. 21, we had a public in- stallation of officers, and at 3:30 P. M.. our little hall was full of Patrons and those outside the gates, to hear Worthy Brother Sparks, of Buchanan Grange, install our ofiicers. He commenced with the condition the farmer was in way back before the Grange was born, and came along up to its organization, its prosperity, its losses ahd its achievements, and reaching out into the future, portrayed to us what the Grange will be in time to come. If the Grange reaches his ideal it will lie grand."'indeed. Brother Sparks has a way of talking that is cheer- ing and interesting to all his hearers. After the speech he installed the officers. Afew minutes spent in chit-chat and the Grange opened in the 4th degree, and it was stated that Berrien County Pomona Grange had appropriated $26, to be divided among the 13 Subordinate Granges of the county, to pay for the GRANGE VISITOR, to those out- side the Order, provided each Subordinate Grange would raise an equal amount, or in other words the County Grange would pay half up to two dollars for three months subscribers outside the gates. On motion this Grange voted to comply with the con- ditions of this offer, and at the next meet- ing (which will be the 4th of Feb.,) each member is to bring in a list of those he wishes to join our Order, and then the money will be sent. Now I hope each Subordinate Grange in this county will take advantage of this offer of the County Grange, and by so doing place the VISITOR ip 520 homes outside the Grange. It can be done; now, let’s all work for it. Berrien County Grange is going the rounds with her institutes. The one here was well attended and with the exception of some of those that were on the pro- gramme falling to come, was 9. success, and strangers begin to ask for admittance. This is what pleases me and nothing would be more gratifying than to have every farmer of this community knocking for entrance. Brother Cobb, that essay written by Patron, from Farmington, Mich., entitled “Liberty or Slavery” is my opinion exactly, and if I had a thousand names I would sign all de- clarations for an organization of this kind. Speed the day. Yours fraternally, GILES P. STRONG. Hill's Corners, Berrien Co., Mich., Jan. 23d. ___________________. What is to be Said of Sherman Grange, No. 632. Bro. Cobb.-—Sherman Grange, No. 632, is a little more than holding her own. We are still adding to our Grange by applica- tions for membership at every meeting. Our installation of ofiicers took place at our last meeting. VVe have made a change in the ofiice of Lecturer this year and we anticipate that our Grange will nearly double its mem- bership this year. We intend to hold a series of public meetings in Sherman and at other places in Wexford Co. to difl.“use infor- mation, so as to give every farmer with wife, sons and daughters, a knowledge of our Order, and give them a chance to join our ranks and labor for the right. Isaac N. CARPENTER. Sherman, Mich., Jan. 23, 1882. Elk Lake Grange. No. 469. Bro. Cobb .-—Allow me space in the Vis- ITOR to say that to the Elk Lake Grange good times are coming. On the above date. Grange 469 had a jovial oyster supper, at the residence of brother Joseph Sours. The attendance far exceeded our expectation. A lively Grange spirit was manifested by the representatives of neighboring villages, therefore we are greatly encouraged to hold the fort. VVorth_v Lecturer S. H. Hyde, Traverse City Pomona Grange, writes say- ing. all being well he will be with us on the evening of February 4th, to install our of- ficers; then we shall have another good time. VVe are also making arrangements for a public lecture as soon as possible, and then we shall have another good time. The bill for the supper was 25 cents each —balance left for good of the Order, $16.91. After supper was over there was taken of the fragments that remained I cannot tell how much. Our Sister Sours, who is now getting along in years, was just like amother getting ready for so many chil- dren, and the same can truthfully be said of our brother, Joseph Sours. Several told ,us that our charge was too low; instead of pay- ing 25 cents they paid 50 cents each. Much more could be said but I forbear. I close by saying that in unity is strength. VVith Lowell Sours Master, our Grange must flourish. H. G. LEE! Elk Lake, Jan. 25:11, 1532. ' Report of the Committee on Dormant Granges Made Before the Last Session of the State Grange. VVe continue to present reports of Standing Committees made at the late session of the State Grange as adopted. lVorlh_z/ Master and Brother Patrons .~—- Your Committee on Dormant Granges, to whom was assigned the duty of devising and reporting such means as in their judgment should be used to restore to life and useful- ness those Granges that are in a dying or a languishing condition, have given the sub- ject such consideration and investigation as their limited time and opportunities would permit, and respectfully report as follows:— Your Committee do not deem it necessary to enumerate all the causes which produced the dormant condition of so many Granges that “run well for a season ” but soon seem- ed to lose interest in_ our grand work. A few of the prominent causes, however, may we think he profitably mentioned, a due consideration of which will aid us in the work of reorganizing or resuscitating dor- mant Granges. 1st. The too frequent practice of Deputies organizing Granges too near each other and with too limited memberships. 2d. The failure of Lecturers to properly instruct the applicants in the grand purpos- es and ultimate aims of our Order. Too many have been left to infer that pecuniary gain or political preferment was the mission of the Grange. 3d. Electing oflicers, especially Masters, Secretaries. and Lecturers, entirely unfitted for the duties of their positions. 4th. Organizing Grange-s in cities or large villages. -5th. The admission as Charter members of persons from all pursuits and professions, instead ofconfining the same to those en- gaged in agriculture. 6th. And more fatal than all other causes, the failure on the part of the Deputies and installing offic ars to instruct each officer in his especial duties, and to fully and thor oughly exemplify the unwritten work. This delinquency could not fail to produce con- fusion, by diffs-rent practices in the work in neighboring Granges. So much in relation to the past, now what of the future? How can we reinlist those that have fallen out by the way? How infuse new life and hope into those who are true Patrons at heart, but who, yielding to the force of cir cumstances have been discouraged and laid aside the implements for a season? How can we raise again the standard of our noble Order in districts where, though not entire- ly surrendered into the hands of the enemy, it is trailing in the dust? These are the questions for consideration, to the proper solution of which, your com- mittee have given all the time at their com- mand, and in View of all these have decided to recommend the following:—— In accordance with the suggestion of the Worthy Master, the available surplus funds in the hands of the VVorthy Treasurer should be used liberally for the purpose of re-instating .Dormant Granges. To this end the \Vorthy Lecturer should, (under the direction of the Executive Committee) be immediately sent into those counties or districts requiring aid, with power to call to ‘his assistance such local Lecturers as may be found available, to thoroughly instruct all in the principles of the - Order. The meetings should be public, and all invited to attend. At least two such meetings should be held in each locality where a re- organization is contemplated, at intervals not exceeding two weeks. Then le; local Deputies be appointed, men of good judg- ment, and observant of the principles of the Order, to follow up immediately, and call a meeting for re-organization. At such re-organization, refuse all objectionable or improper persons (as those who are not strictly eligible), admitting only those who will give strength and character to the new organization. . 2nd. We recommend that all expenses attending re-organization be paid from the treasury of the State Grange, believing that the revenue which would be derived from such Granges would, within less than one year, more than compensate the State Grange for the outlay, and be a source of continued revenue thereafter. 3rd. Great care should be exercised by the Worthy Master and Lecturer in select- ing asslstant Lecturers and Deputies. Only men of good judgment and address, intelli- gent and able to discuss the principles of the Order in a clear and proper manner, should be allowed to enter the field. 4th. All such Granges should be taught the absolute necessity of owning a hall in which to hold their meetings. This is es- sential to the growth, or even life of most Granges. | - a _5th. The Worthy Lecturer should de- liver 2. lecture to each restored Grange once 1n two years, at least, and some other able lecturer once every year. 6th. We recommend that all ast dues to the State Grange from a revive or re-or- ganxzed dormant Grange, be remitted. Your committee are aware that the course recommended will involve a large expendi- ture, but believe that in no other wav can the desired end he reached, and we also be- lieve that for every dollar expended, two will be returned. _ By referring to the By-Laws of the State Grange, Sec. 8, Art. 13, we learn that it is the duty of County Granges to look after the interests of Subordinate Granges, visit them, give them information, and aid the work in every way possible. And your committee believe it to be the duty of the County and District Granges to immediate- ly appoint committees to visit the dormant Granges in their jurisdiction. It is true the County Granges receive no dues from Subordinate Granges, yet their existence depends upon the continued life of the same, therefore, we recommend that the County and District Granges be re uested to expend as much as the state of t eir fi- nances will permit, in aiding weak and dor- mant Granges in their jurisdiction, and that they be especially enjoined to see that the Lecturers discharge the duties required by the By-Laws. Regretting that we had not the time or opportunity to give this subject a more thorough investigation, your committee submit this report, confident that, if the recommendations herein contained are adopted by this Grange and carried out, it will do much to solve the difficult problem of resuscitating Dormant Granges. All of which is respectfully submitted. LI~:vI SPARKS, Chairman. Full of Grit. “The stage has gone, sir, but the-re’s a widder lives here—and she’s got a boy, and he’ll drive you over. He’s a nice little fel- low, and Deacon Ball lets him have his team for a trifle, and we like to get him a job whenever we can.” ‘ It was a hot day in July. Awa up among the hills that make the lower s opes of the Monadnock mountains, a friend lay very ill. In order to reach his temporary home, one must take an early train for the nearest station, and trust to the lumbering old dusty coach that made a daily trip to K The train was late, and the stage after wait- ing awhile was gone. The landlord of the little white hotel appeared in his shirt- sleeves, and leaning his elbow on the bal- cony rail, drop,-ed down on the hot and thirsty traveler what comfort could be ex- tracted from the opening sentence of my sketch. ‘ VVould he not come in and take some dinner?’ ‘Yrs.’ ‘Would be send around for the uleuCon’s team?’ ‘Yes.’ ‘And the boy ‘I’ ’ ‘ Yes.’ And the dinner was eaten and the team came around—an open buggy and an old white horse, and just as we were seated the door of a little brown house over the way opened and out rushed the ‘widder’s boy.’ —————n. In his mouth was the last morsel of his‘ dinner; he had evidently learned to ‘eat and run.’ His feet were clothed in last win- ter’s much-worn boots, whose wrinkled yel- low legs refused to stay modestly within the limits of his narrow and faded trousers. As his legs flew forward his arms flew back- ward in an inefiectual struggle to get him- self inside of a jacket much too short in the sleeves. ‘There he is,’ said the hostler, ‘that's VVidder Beebe’s boy. I told him I'd hold the deacon’s horse while he went home to get a bite.’ The horse didn’t look as ifhe needed to be held, but the hostler got his dime, and the boy approached in time to re- lieve my mind as to whether he would con- quer thejacket: or the jacket would conquer him and turn him wrong side out. He was sun browned and freckled, large mouthed and red-haired, a homely, plain, patched little Yankee boy; and yet as we rode along through the deep summer bloom and fragrance of the shaded road winding up the long hills in the glow of the after- noon sun, I learned such a lesson from that little fellow at my side, as I shall not soon forget. He did not look much like a preacher, as he sat stooping forward a little, whisking the flies from the deacon’s horse, but his sermon was one which I wish might have been heard by all the boys in the land. He did not know he was preaching, or he would have stopped, I think. As it was, I had to spur him on now and then by ques- tions, to get him to tell me all about himself. ‘My father died, you see, and left mother the little brown house opposite the tavern. You saw it, didn’t you, sir—-the one with lilac bushes under the window ? was sick at long time, and when he could not work he had to raise money 0; the house. Deacon Ball let him have it, a little at a time, and when father was gone, moth- er found the money owed was almost $300. At first she thought she would have to give up the house but the deacon said, ‘Let it wait a while,” and he turned to me, and patted me on the head and said, ‘When Johnny gets big enough to earn something, I shall expect him to pay it.’ I was only nine years old then, but now I am thirteen ; I remembered it and remember how mot-her cried and said, ‘Yes, Deacon, Johnny's my only hope now;’ and I wondered what I could do. I really felt as though I ought to begin at once. and yet I could not think of anything I could do.’ ‘Well, what did you do? ’ I asked quickly for I was afraid he would stop, and I wanted to hear the rest. ‘Well, at first I did very funny things fora boy. Mother used to knit socks to sell, and she sewed the re s to make rag carpets, and I helped.’ ‘ ow? What could you do?’ ‘Well the people who would like a carpet would not always get time to make it. So I went from house to house among the farmers, and took home their rags, old coats and everything they had, and out in the woodshed I ripped and cdt them up. Then mother sewed them, and sometimes I sewed some too, and then rolled them into balls and took them back to the owners, all ready to be woven into car ets.’ ‘ ut did that pay you for your work?’ ‘Oh, yes; we got so much a pound, and I used- to feel quite like.a merchant when I wei hed them out myself with one of our stee yards. But that was only one way; we have two or three old apple trees out in the back yard by the wall, and we dried the o - pies and sold them. Then some of t e farmers who had a good manav apples began to send them to us to dry, an we paid them so many pounds all dried and then we had .9» . aesnfi-so-q.'~e FEBRUARY 15, 1882. THE GRANGE: VISITOR. 3 the rest to sell.’ ‘ But you surely could not do much in ways like this?’ ‘ No, not much, but something; and then we had the knit ting.’ ‘Did you knit?’ ‘Not at first, but after a while mother began to have the rheumatism in her hands, and the joints became swollen and the fingers twisted, and it hurt her to move them. Then I learned to knit; before that I always wound the yarn for her. I had to learn to sew a little, too, for mother did not like to see holes without patches.’ And he looked half smiling at the speci- mens on his own knees. ‘But you did not mend those?’ I asked. ‘Yes. sir, but I was in a hurry and mother said it was not done as it ought to be. They had just been Washed and I could not wait for them to dry.’ ‘Who washed them?’ ‘I did, and ironed them, too. I can wash and iron al- most as well as mother could.’ ‘But she does not let you do it?’ ‘She don’t mean to have me, but how can she help it? She "can hardly use her hands at all, and some days her feet are so bad she cannot leave her chair. So I have had to learn to make the beds and scrub the floor, and wash the dishes; and I can cook almost as well as a girl.’ ‘Is it possible? I shall have to fake supper with you on my way back to the city and test your skill?’ Johnny blushed and I added, ‘It’s a pity, my boy, that you have no sister.’ ‘I had one,’ he said gently, ‘but she died; and—if she had lived, I wouldn". have wished her to lift, and bring wood and water. and scrub, as poor mother always did. Sometimes I wish I could have sprung all the way from a baby to a man. It’s such a slow work growing up; and it was while mother was waiting for us to grow up that she worked so hard.’ ‘But, my dear boy, you can’: expect to be son and daughter and mother all in one. You cannot do the work for the whole fam- ily?’ ‘Yes, I can; it isn’t much, and I am going to do it and the work father left un- done. I am going to pay Deacon Ball that mortgage if I live.’ ‘Heaven grant you may,’ I said fervently, under my breath, ‘for not many mothers have such a son.’ ‘Mother does not know I mean to do it, and she is very anxious I should go to school, and I mean to go sometime; but I know just where the boys in my class are study- ing, and I get the lessons at home. Mother reads them to me ‘out of the book, while I am washing the dishes, or doing her work. and when we come to anything I can’t make out, I take it over to the teacher in the evening, and she is very kind—she tells e.’ ' Very kind! XVho would not be kind to such a boy? I felt the tears coming to my eyes at such a sudden vision of a son doing a girl’s work, while the poor mother held the book in her twisted hands and tried to help him to learn. ‘But all this does not earn money, Johnny. How can you hope to save if you give your time indoors?’ ‘Oh. I don’t do gii'l’s work all day; no, indeed, I have worked out our taxes on the road. It wasn’t much, but I helped the men build a stone wall by the river; and Deacon Ball lets me do a. great many days’ work for him and when I get a chance to take anyone from the hotel to ride, he lets me have his team for almost nothing, and I pay to him whatever I make. And I work on the farm with the men in summer; and I have a cow of my own, and I sell the milk at the tavern; and we have some hens, too, and we sell the eggs. And in the fall I cut and pile the wood in the sheds for people who haven’t any boys—and there’s a good many eople about here who haven’t any boys,’ he added thoughtfully, brushing a fly from the old White horse with the tip of his whip. After this we fell into silence, and rode on through the sweet New England roads, with Monadnock rising before us ever near- er and more majestic. It impressed me with a sense of its rugged strength-—one of the hills rock-ribbed and ancient as the sun; but I glanced from the mountain to the lit- tle red-headed morsel of humanity at my side, with a sort of recognition of their kin- ship. Somehow they seemed to belong to- gether. was in them both. It was only a fancy, but it was confirmed the next day; for when I came back to town after seeing my invalid friend, I went to call ‘)D Deacon Ball. I found the deacon whitehaired and kindly- faced. He kept the village store and owned a prett house, and was very ‘well-to-do.’ Naturally, we talked of Johnny, and the deacon said to me, with tears in his watery blue eyes: ‘Why, bless your heart, sir, you don’t think I am going to take his money, do you‘? The only son of his mother, and she a widder and all tied up into double bow knots with the rheumatics besides! True enough, I let the father have the money, and my wife she says, says she to me, “Well, deacon, my dear, we’ve neither chick nor child, and we shall be just as well offa hundred years hence, if the widder never pays a cent: but ’cordiug to my calklation it’s better to let the boy think he's paying." Says she to me, “Deacon, you might as well try to keep a barrel of vinegar from workin’ as to keep that boy. It’s the ‘mother in him, and its got to work.” ‘We think a good deal of the widder, Mandy and me; I did, before I ever saw Mandy. But for all that, we hold the mortgage, and John- ny wants to work it out. Mandy and me, we are again’ to let him work.’ I turned away, for I was to sup at Johnny’s house, but before I went I asked the deacon how much Johnny had already paid. ‘ Well, I don’t know; Mandy knows. I pass it to her, and she keeps the book. Drop in before you go to the train, and I’ll show it to you.’ I dropped in, and the deacon showed me the account. It was the book of a savings bank of a neighboring town, and on its pages were credits of all the little sums the boy had earned or paid ; and I saw they were standing in Widow Beebe's name. I grasped the deacon’s hand. He was looking awa ' over the house-tops to where Monadnoc was smiling under the good-night kisses of the sun. ‘Good-bye, sir, good-bye!’ he said, re- tnrningm squeeze with interest, ‘Much obleeged, ’m sure, Mandy and me too ' but don’t you be worried about Johnny! en we see it, we know the real stuff it takes to make a man—and Johnny has got it. John- nv’s like that mountain over there——-chuck full of grit and lots of back bone.’ FREE PASSES.- Petitions are circulating in Wisconsin to have it made unlawful for members of the Legislature, State officers and members of the judiciary to accept rail- roadpasses. A hotel with 600 rooms, costing $150,000 is to be ereeted in the Yellowstone park. I felt as if the same sturdy stuff J. Farming for Boys. BY A FARMER BOY. One of the signs of the coming of the cold season are the frosts, and I presume that most of you have had frosts. But what is a frost ? I have no doubt lrut that you know how a frosty morning feels and how nice it is to get near the warm stove and rub one’s hands, and as one has said, “ toast your shins.” My most vivid recollection of the first severe frosts are those that come before the cows had been brought from the pas- tures and the stabling of them had begun. On these cold, frosty mornings it was far from comfortable to run through the grass all white and glistening with a coating of ice, and drive the cows up to the yard where they were milked. My feet used to get very cold and wet and sometimes I stood for a minute upon the spot of grass where a cow had been lying during the night and thus warm my toes a little. T cows used to like the spots that thcll‘ w. rm bodies had made comfortable and did not like to get up and leave the couch of grass from whic they had kept the frost of the night. Another time in Autumn when the frosts seemed very cold was during the husking of corn. It seemed as if there was some rela- tion of can-:.e and effect between the husking of corn and the coming of the frost; but I guess it was only that the corn is a late crop. The frosts would come any way, even if there were not fields of corn for it to nip. I had an idea that the frost was some sort of a demon that came like a thief in the night to destroy whatever it could lay its hauls upon. This idea came, it may be, from the fact that frost was spoken of as Jack Frost, and that he came and went like a great monster. They would tell me that Jack Frost-—I some- times wondered if there were no other mem- bers ofthe Frost family——t-ame and with a brush would paint the beautiful pictures on the window glass, and a great deal else that w uld naturally lead a young boy to think that by getting up early some cold morning that the young—or old fellow—could be caught at his work. It is all very pleasant to think that there is a Jack Frost, that like Santa Claus, goes from house to house, and from cornfield to cornfield, to paint pretty pictures on the windows and lay his wither- ing hand upon the tender plants. I say it is pleasant to think of that imaginary being that works such mysterious things, but fic- tion or fable is one thing and the truth is another. I would not take away any ofthe fun and beauty that there is in Jack Frost, but it is best for us to look the matter of frosts straight in the face, and see if we can answer the question : ‘What is a frost '3 If I should say that frost is frozen dew it would be adding something to proper knowledge of the nature ofa frost. But what is a dew? This question deserves an answer, for when we clearly see how dew is formed we can understand about a frost. Now we shall have to go a little into the subject of meteorology. That is a pretty long name anda subject about which there is a great deal of theorizing or reasoning, and is a science of itself. Meteorology is nothing more nor less than the knowledge of the at- mosphere, but applying the laws to this that are found to be in force in other things we can come to quite definite conclusions. For instance let us take heat: which we know if applied to iron will expand or increase it in size. If heat is applied to water the ex- pansion is seen in boiling water, until it is changed to steam, when the water occupies twenty-eight thousand times its former space. Now if heated iron is allowed to cool it will grow smaller, and so steam will de- crease or condense until it is water again. It is not necessary to heat water very hot to cause it to throw off small particles of mois- ture, and the air even if very cold will retain it without condensing it; for have we not seen on cold days when the thermometer was down to 40°, on a sunshiny day the south slopes of roofs of houses covered with steam, while that part of the roof sloping to the north is covered with snow or white frost. The air is filled with water in such fine particles that they cannot always be seen, but when they are seen the appear in the clouds, and then only w en the strata of air in which these particles are found is cold enough to make them come together by driving away the heat that keeps them apart. This is also seen when air containing moisture comes in contact with a cooler body. Let me take a familiar illustration of this. A pitcher of cold water is placed in a warm room and in a short time its outside is covered with a thin film of water. This film thickens and soon drops of water stand out all over the surface of the pitcher and begin to run down _its sides. Some call it the sweating of the pitcher; others may think that the water comes through the sides of the pitcher. This is not so, but on the other hand it is the invisible water in the warm air that has been con densed or collected upon the cool surface of the pitcher. When a warm air that holds such moisture is cooled down it is unable to hold_the water or vaperof water and it takes on the solid and visi le form. N ow instead of the pitcher let us take the surface of the earth with its grass and other forms of vegetation. During the day the sun has heated both the air and the earth- the air being heated by the reflection of the sun’s rays back upon the air. This is seen in ascending great heights; it grows colder because further from the earth where there is no reflection surface-—the earth, being the first to be heated, is at night,wlien the sun’s rays are withdrawn, the tirst ‘to cool. In thus cooling the air also lowers in tempera- ture. Then what ‘becomes. of the water held in suspension in the form of vapor? Let us see :- The dew does not “ fall from heaven ” as some have stated, but is taken out of the air that comes in contact with the cold surface. The amout of dew depends upon the quanti- ty of vapor or water in the air and the cold- ness of the surface upon which the vapor may condense. Some days the pitcher will “sweat” much faster than ‘others though the sides of the pitcher are of the same tempera- ture. When the sides of the pitcher are as warm as the air it would not gather the moisture. ~ Dew, then, is the changing of water in the air into the liquid form upon the cold surface of the earth, leaves, etc. It takes place mostly at night because it is then that the leaves, stems, etc., are colder than the surrounding air. Frost, and by frost I mean the_white hoar frost, as itis called, is formed in the same manner as dew, onl when the temperature is so low that the «Pew after it has formed freezes into ice. Frost is a frozen dew. ‘turned to go. Frost is ice frozen from dew, and dew is va- por or steam, if you wish to call it so, that as collected on some cool object. If you breathe on a piece of cool iron it will be wet with the moisture of the air from your lungs ; breathe uponavery cold iron and it will form as a frost—in the one case you have imitated the dew, in the other the frost-—_ Farmers’ Review. Polly’s First Half-Dollar. “I never had a whole half-dollar in my life; I suppose it is because grandma is so drefiul poor, and I haint got any father or mother,onlyjust her.” Polly,the six-year-old miss who made this remark, was quite hor- rified at seeing Agnes Bond toss up a four- bit piece on her way to the store. “ I know your grandma is poor, but I like you all the same,” and the affectionate Agnes put her arms lovingly around the forsaken-looking girl. “ VVhat be you going to do with all that money, Aggie?” “O I don’t know Vet. Buy Walnuts, perhaps, or oranges. hat would you do with it, Polly, if it was yours?’ “ I'd buy grandma a new dress, and some shoes, and some butter, and some flour, and some candy, and some-—” “Stop, Polly, you couldn’t buy so many things. You might get some butter, or the candy, but dresses cost lots of money. You sit right still on the grass until I get back.” Aggie ran home as fast as she could go, but soon returned in a happy state of excite- ment, and all out of breath. “ Hare, Polly, ma says you may have my half-dollar, and buy what you please.” “O my!” cried Polly, in great glee, “let me kiss you, and I’ll go and buy my things before grandma comes. She's up to Miss Holley’s cleaning up the house, and I guess she’ll be surpris- ed.” The little friends parted very happy, Aggie going home without her walnuts, and the young financier to the store, her head filed with shoes, dresses and groceries. She tiptoed to look over the counter in Mr.Jones’ store, and found that gentleman sitting at his desk. “ VVliat will this little girl have to-day ?” he asked tenderly, thinking of his own darling, who but a month ago had closed her blue eves never to awaken. “ I want grandma a dress, because she is so ragged, and some shoes, so she can go to church, and some molasses.” “How much money have you got, my dear?” “I've got a whole half-dollar that Aggie Bond gave me.” “Aggie Bond is a precious child,” said Mr. Jones, recalling the sweet flowers she had so often sent to his sick Maggie. “\Vhen will you get my things?” asked Polly, tired of standing so long on the tips of her toes. , Mr. Jones thought the matter over. ‘A dress and shoes——the original cost could be but three dollars and a half. “He that giv- eth to the poor lendetli to the Lord.” I am afraid that I haven’t lent the Lord as much as I ought. I’ll wait on you in just one minute, Polly. Come right around here and pick out grandma a dress yourself. Anything in this pile,’ said he, touching a lot of ginghams as he passed. ‘I’ll buy this, and she laid her hand on the only pieceslie could reach. After tying up a bundle of gingham and shoes, and making a strong loo of twine to carry it by. he put the half ollar in his pocket, and Polly laughed for joy as she The trader thought of his own little daughter again. ‘ Look here, Polly, I’ve madea mistake; I forget to give you the change.’ ‘I forgot too,’ said Polly; and she turned back to receive from Mr. Jones two half dollars. ‘Are we all square now?” asked Polly. ‘I think we are. VVhy didn’t you buy something for yourself with your money?” ‘Why, I just forgot myself. And I don’t know as 1 want anything.’ Polly’s grandmother could not understand what it all meant, as she examined her nice presents and the two half dollars. ‘Aggie gave me the half dollar, and I bought the dress and shoes, and had this left.’ ‘But that is more than you had at first.’ It looked a little mysterious to Polly, but she concluded it was because he did not give her the flour, and butter, and molasses. It was made clear to the grateful woman when Mr. and Mrs. Jones called that evening with dresses, aprons and shoes that their little girl had worn, and gave them to Polly. She clapped her hands for joy. ‘Every- body is drejful good to me, and I’ll trade with Mr. Jones every time I go to buy things. He never cheats a bit.’ Another "New Road. From the Carson (Nev.) Appeal. Yesterday Constable Stern discovered in the city jail a map of the United States and some raiLroad connections which were en- tirely new to him. On making enquiries he discovered that the map had been drawn by a couple of prisoners and was the ground plan of a big railroad scheme in which the two were interested. “ We propose,” said one of them, “to start a new railroad system beginning at Carson and ending at New York.” “ When will you begin the operations?” queried the ofiicer. "As soon as we get out. Now let me out- line the plan. We start out with some pins, chains, and compasses and make a survey. VVe announce through the press the propos- ed Carson, Arizona and Texan line. Then we incorporate and let in a lot of the solid citizens, appoint a committee to go to the financial centers and lay in with a syndicate of bankers to place our securities. Thev make a satisfactory lay, advertise heavy in the high-tonedvpapers, and the treasury begins to bulge. e get the country excit- ed, the people subscribe for the bonds, and they go like hot griddle cakes. Do you catch the idea ?” The Constable began to grow interested and nodded his hea . “ Well, then, we apply for a overnment subsidy, throw a few thousan shares of stock around Congress, get some of the orators to talk of the wealthy country about to be opened up, great natural resources requirin development, &c., and the thing's done. hen we sell the land at five dollars an acre. and push our road right through to Texas.” “ You get quite a start,” said the officer, “ but who pays off the hands ?” “ Oh, I forgot one of the most important accessories; of course we organize a con- struction and finance-company ; as directors of the railroad comps ny we vote unanimous- ly to give ourselves, as a construction com- pany, fat contracts; then we sub-contract the contruction out to actual contractors at half price, and they pay the hands or not,. just as they choose. But these are minor details. Now our next point is New Orleans. We want more money so we find flaws in the original bill of sale. andas we take a hand in electing the 'udges they pronounce the title invalid, hol ers haven't money to contest it, so we serve writs of ejectment on the fellows who have improved our lands and sell ’em again at higher figures. This gives us another raise, then we freeze out the original stockholders, sell the road, buy it in, reorganize, water the stock like the d——l and give everybody a chance.” “ But the law steps in-” “Oh, d—,-n the law. The law doesn’t cover railroads, railroads are too lively, be sides we are putting up ajob now to have a majority of our own men in the United States Senate (we’ve got all the State Sen- ates now) and the Supreme Court, and then we can head off any ‘communistic attacks.’ you know. VVhen we get our road to New Orleans out of our earnings,our lands,and the taxes we should have paid the government. what we made on the construction company and the reorganization, Uncle Sam swoops down, calls for his money and threatens to take the roads. ‘Well, tliere’s nothing small about us, we say, ‘take the old road, it’s a busted concern anyhow.’ Then he won’t want it so bad, you see, and we continue business,” “But how do you freeze out the stockhold- ers “.7” “Why, we hire the Government Com- missioner to make a report and bear the stock. That shakes the holders out and we rake it in in blocks. Then he makes anoth- er one, you see, and the market rallies.” I £"l3ut this costs money; you need a good 0 . “Well, we've made a good lot in back frelghts and sockin’ it to the small shippers and the non competitive points, to say noth- ing of Construction Company, our lands, and freezing out st-zckliolders.” The policeman made no reply. “ Then from New Orleans we go to New York.” “ But have you made enough to build the New York road? The Eastern people won’t stand the back freight racket.” “ Maybe not, but the dear public there are always keen to put up for railroads. The bankers arrange all that, and if it’s too thin for the United States they have pals across the big pond who are always ready to help unload a road on foreign investors for $1 divide. They are always ready to build the road and let the company run it—and we’re the company, you know. “One splendid racket to work is when stocks are low we buy, then form a pool with other roads, show big earnings, stocks advance, everybody rushes ll), and we let ’em boom it up till we think they are high enough, when we quietly unload, pass the work to break the pool, we sell short and the lambs are sheared both ways.” “Railroading is a money-making business anyway. By givin’ the big shippers special rates and slingiii’ around passes pretty live- ly, giviu’ free excursions, subscribin’ lib- erally to Statesman’s benefit funds, and oc- casionally buildin’ a churcli—perhaps own- ing a newspaper here and there to black- guard anti-monopolists and lead public opinion; by pursuing a liberal policy like this, we can always make ourselves solid with the ruling classes. Ofcourse this costs money, but as we tax both producers and consumers we reassess all these little ex- penses on the public, and more too, for the farmers and other small shippers never bargain for rates; steam transportation costs mightylittle, and what with new in- ventions and the growth of the country it's gettin’ less every day. That enables us toqpay dividends on all the water we put in, which keeps investors quiet and everybody whose influence is Worth any- thing, says whata reat and glorious coun- try we have! See w at free railroads and a free government has done for us!” “But what about the ‘free and equal’ provisions in the constitution of the United States?” “What do we care about the Constitu- tion! that was made before steam, elec- tricity and corporations came in, and it don’t apply now if it ever did. “We let the masses continue to think, though, that they control everything. On the Fourth of July and at election time, our lawyers and the other fellows we pick out to represent us in the Legislatures take the stump and ‘give the workin’ men a little tafl“y a out freedom and equalit , the will of the poople, etc, and by the aid of brass bands, fireworks, and beer, we get the poor devils so patriotic they are willin’ to do most anything; then havin’ our own men in both parties to steer things, we keep ’em about equally divided, and capital comes out on top every time.” “But suppose an Anti-Monopoly arty should come up and combine the rang and file of all parties, wouldn’t that trouble you?” “ Vi/ell, yes I think that would; but the people, especially the workin’ classes, are such d—d fools, they’re always quarrelin’ among themselves, and we join the fight one side or the other and keep ’em broke up all the time?” “Why wouldnt it be cheaper for the pub- lic to build their own railroads and other public improvements.” “Ah, there you are again, but we get over that by holding up to view the hor- rors of oificial corru tion and centraliza- tion of ower in the ands of government, and as ong as we can stave off civil service reform ihere’s no danger of the eople owning and running railroads——altgough they may work the post oflice and the tel- egra hs.” “ ow’d you get on to all this?” asked the officer. “Four years in the same cell with the President of an Eastern railroad, and he oc- cupied his idle hours teaching me the busi- ness. How did he get in? Wh he forgot himself one day and tried to pay on an individual some of the games he’d been workin’ on the public, and it not only bust- ed him but he got fifteen years besides. He’s got ten years to serve yet, and he’ll watch my career with a tutor’s interest. “I wouldn’t ’a’ been here now if I’d only followed his advice, but while I was get ‘n ready to go into the corporation business I laid in with a road agent up here; couldn’t resist the temptation to forcibly interfere with the pecuniar affairs of an individual, and here I am. T e corporation racket is the only thing worth workin’ now-a-days ; as long as on only plunder the public ac- cording to w you’re safe. This is an age of law, and if you’re posted you can make more money lawfully than you can any other way. After you accumulate a compe- tency, you can elect or buy your own legis- lature, make laws to suit, and roll it up at the rate of millions a year. It don’t matter much whether it’s gas or water, steam or electricity, or money—anything the public want——all you’ve got to do is to claim an improvement of some kind. get a charter, form a company. lay in with other corpora- tions to monopolize something, and you can strike it rich; only it's all got to be done according to law. and if the law as it stands don’t cover what you want to do, you must change it before you go ahead.” H. T. Hows, inspector of butter in Chi- cago, has sworn out warrants against five dealers, for selling adulterated goods. One sliamlple was found to contain 80 per cent. of art . PRIGE LIST OF SUPPLIES Kept in the office of the Secretary of the MICHIGAN b"l'A'l‘E Glx’Al\'GE, And sent out Post Paid, on Recap! of Cash Ordev, over the seal of n Subrzrdinate G-range, and the signatiore of its .’v.l(uter or Secretary. Porcelain Ballot Marbles, p0!‘ l1llll(ll‘9\1,.. . . .. . . 76 Blank Book, ledger ruled, for Secretary to keep accounts with members, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 00 Blank Record Books, (Express paid), . . . . . . . . . . 1 00 Order Book, containing 100 Orders on the Treas- urer, with stub, well bound, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Receipt Book, containing 100 Receipts from Treasurer to Secretary, with stub, well bound, 50 Blank Receipts for dues, per 100, bound, . . . . . . . 60 A plications for Membership, per 100,. . .. . . . 50 l embershi Cards, per 100, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Withdrawn. Cards, gper doz., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Dirnits, in envelope , per doz., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 By-Laws of the State Grunge, single copies 10c, per doz., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 By-Laws, bound, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 “ Glad Echoes," with music, Single copy 15 cts. per doz., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ 1 S0 Rituals, single copy. . . . . . . . . _ . . . , . . . . . . . . .. 25 " per doz., . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . L’. 1-0 -" for Fiftl: Degree, fur I’om-.>iia Oranges, per copy, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Blank “Articles of Association" for the Incorpo- ration of Subordinate Graiiges, with Copy of Charter, all complete, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Notice to Delinquent Members, per 100, . . . . . . . . 40 Declaration of Purposes, per doz., 5c.; per hundred, . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it‘ American Manual of Birlianieiitary Law. .. . . 50 u u u H u (Mo_ rccco Tuck,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ , . . , . _ 1 00 Address of J. J. Woodman before the Nation- al Grange——per dozen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20 Address of Tlios. K. Beeclier-—per dozen . . . . . . l0 Digest of Laws and Rulings, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -10 Address, J. T. COBB, Sec’v MICE. Srmra Giuxox, SCHOOLCRAFT, MICE ‘ 1\<[ICI-IiGr.A.1\T CENTRAL R- R. DEPAl:Tlll-(E OF TRAQ‘ FIIOM K.-XLAMAZOC. TIME-TABLE_—_.\lAY 9, 185:0. WESTVVARD. A. 31.1’. M. Accoiumoriation leaves _______________________ __ 4 -f .. arrives, _- 1 13 Day Express ______ __ 2 35 EA.5T\VARD. A MAP. M Night Express, ______________________________ -_‘ 2 .”.(r1,_____ Accommodation leaves, ______ __ _‘- 6 50‘ ___ “ arrives, _____________________ _,‘ ____ __j 9 30 Mail -__ _- 12 33 Day Express, ____ -_ ,5 1 35 New York Express,_ _; 7 40 Atlantic Express," -1 I0 25 New York, Atlantic and Pacific Expresses and Local Passen- ger daily. All other trains daily except Sunday. H. B. LEDYARD, Gen Manager, Detroit. E. 0. BROWN, Ass‘t Gen. Sui-t., Jackson. llirxsr C. ‘Nrxrwusru, G. P. & T. A., Chicago. L. S. 85 1\dZ. KALIXMAZOO DIVISION TIME TABLE. (Time 15 iiiinutes faster than Kalamazoo.) GOING SOUTH. " s~"fi.‘c*s‘ its-‘—* ‘Express..I-Ix & Mgway F!‘ ‘ Isiiofi 1 735?; l W077 917 -- 605 U l 810 H I ’ J ", 1 ‘ rl 13%.? “ « if ii ‘iii’ " :i118 “ 1 812 l 245 H I:Gmu(filapidr Ar. Allegan -__-- Ar. Kalamazoo 5705“ «A or ,_.~ C Ar. Cleveland -__ ---_ Ar. Buffalo .... _- 3 55 ml 1 10 ml .... -___ GOING NORTH. -34‘ Y s B N‘ 1 ac» _iEx IZxpress.;W“y Fr’ LE Buffalo _____________________ -_,12 45 m 12 35 in‘ Ar. Cleveland- 1 735 " 1 700 “ Ar. Toledo ............... -_ Ar. White Pigeon--- Ar. Three Rivers -- Ar. Schoolcraft -- Ar. Kalamazoo _ Ar. Allegan __- Grand Rapids .......... -- All trains connect at White Pigeon with trains on main line. A. G. Airsims, Supt. Kalamazoo Division, Kalamazoo. CHICAGO & GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. Corrected Time-Table—J.'muary 31,1882. WESTWARD. Day 1 Night l Flint . - Sn-i-ions, !Express.]Express. Express. A\.°§“};g. ; No.2.‘ No.-1."No.6. ;‘ "‘ ' Le. Port Huron ________ _-l 7 00 nu‘ 7 00 ml; 4 i5 l:.«j-._.-.__ “ Grand Trunk Junction; 710 “ 710 “ ‘ 4 “ 815 “ “ Imlay City... _--_-_i .. E 20,, . (I t 3 -- _ 316 * “ Csssopolis--_-__ _| 4 04 “ “ South Bend..- , 500 “ “ Valparaiso- 635 “ Ar. Chicago _____ __ 8 55 " EASTWARD. , Day Night !PtHnr’n.Accm.d sm=°"- E;:::*;°*- “x%%"‘.f". Ar. Chicago__._.._ ’ 8 10 AM 8 30 Pl! ‘ Le. Valparaiso- ‘10 36 “ 1100 “ “ South Bend 12 20 pm 12 50 All “ Caasepolis _... , 20 " “ .i “ Schoolcraft ----_-_.--. 215 “ “ --_-..-I 416 “ " Vicksburg -_--_--_..-l 226 “ " -----....' 545 " “ Battle Creek ---: 350 “ “ -- -.37 45 “ " 55 50 Ali-._: ll 7 H ‘-I_-..-__ .. 833 .. f____ “ 10 20 “ ....-.._ 8’-8535833888833 All trains run by Chicago time. Suncgty. B , HAS. J10‘ Traflc Manager. All trains daily except 8. R. Ouuvur. General Superintendent. For information 15 to X'Bt°l, 1; ly to E. P. Keory, local Agent, Echoolcnfl, Mich. ._‘__ .. ..-...-:'s..a”}.- —-—-«Q3 ' coat - .3.-. in. ‘I . __,,‘__..o - 4 EEE GRANGE VISITOR. FEBRUARY 15, 1332. 0112 drzmgt diiritm. SCHOOLCRAFT, — FEBRUARY 15. §¢¢vela0.’s 30101601. J. T. Coaa, - — - - SCEIOOLCBAFT. Single copy, six months,_-.___-__-___-_ 25 Single copy, one year, ______________ __ 50 Eleven copies, one year _____________ _- 5 00 To ten trial subscribers for three months we will send the VISITOR for.--___--__--$1 00 Sample copies free to any address. Address, J. T. COBB, Schoolcraft, Mich. D. M. FERRY & C0.-—A MODEL CONTRACT. White Russian cats have been enquired for by several of our friends. The Hon. Eli R. Miller, of Richland, Kalamazoo county, under date of Feb. 4, informs us where he bought some and what he got more than he ordered. Here is his letter : Mr. J. T. Cobb.-—-Enclosed I send you a pretty fair sample of cheek. I bought from seedsmen D. M. Ferry & Co., Detroit, three bags “ Russian Oats” at—well, no matter at what cost. In.each sack’s mouth I found. not “ Benjamin’s cup.” but this I enclose you. Can’t you give them a pufl'? The“find” was a card, on the face of which was printed in large figures and let- iers: 3 BU.—- 96 POUNDS WHITE RUSSIAN OATS, FROM D. M. FERRY & CO., DETROIT, MICH. On the opposite side of the card, in small type, was the following, which we under- stand is the other “cheek : ” ' " While we exercise the greatest care to have all seeds pure and reliable, it is hereby mutually agreed between ourselves and the purchaser of this package, that we do not warrant, and are not in any respect liable or responsible for seed sold by us, or for any loss or damage arising from any failure thereof, in any respect.” Mr. Miller's endorsements of this “man of straw” contract is—“not agreed to, I paid for what I ordered,” adding, "each ‘96 pound’ bag weighed 92 pounds.” We know nothing of D. M. Ferry &‘ Co., beyond the fact that it is an old established Seed House and has been supplying the farmers and gardeners of Michigan for many years with seeds. We are not giving the FIRM this free ad- vertisement of their Russian oats with any expectation that the seed men of the coun- try will quit putting on the market seeds of all sorts that were grown before the late war, and labeling them each successive sea- son, “Fresh Seeds; ” but it is a matter of some surprise that an old firm like this should undertake to palm off‘ this “hereby mutually agreed” sort of a contract on the intelligent people of Michigan. We advise D. M. Ferry & Co. either to go into the royalty business or else confine their “mutually agreed” contract business to orders from Egypt, or‘ some agricultural districts where there are no Granges, farm- ers’ clubs or farmers’ institutes. No, gen- tlemen seedmen, you are not up with the times. You don’t seem to know that over 600 Granges have been organized in Mich- igan within the last ten years, and that the members meet about twice a month and that at these meetings practical questions relating to their business are discussed with intelligent freedom. With 20,000 members going to school for a few years, you cannot oxpect that little contract business of yours, if ever so nicely printed, to delude the aver- age wolverine farmer. Nor is this all. Michigan has an Agricultural College and a State Board of Agriculture. Since this educational movement of the Grange sprang into being in this State, this State Board have established a system of Farmers’ In- stitutes that are attended annually by thou- sands of farmers and their wives. The pro- fessors sent out from the college to instruct the farmers in some special department of their business have done most useful work; nor have they been wholly instructors. At these Institutes they have come in contact with practical farmers who have partici- pated in the discussions, brought out im- portant facts, and all have made some posi- tive advance in the great field of agricul- tural knowledge. In these few years the Michigan farmer has learned much; not so much that he will henceforth be saved entirely from the con- sequences of imposition, but he has learned to combine against the royalty robber and tolook with suspicion upon the labels of the trader. And the time is not far dis- tant when the seeds that have been re- packed annually for a quarter of a century, can't be put in a new clean package or mixed with new seed and sold to a Michi- gan farmer.’ The houses that persist in these practices will have to find their cus- tomers elsewhere. We do not suppose the house of D. M. Ferry dz Co. is better or worse than other seedsmen of Detroit, and other cities all over the country. Adultera- tion and fraud have crept into almost every department of production wherever; possi- ble, and what is particularly unfortunate about thematter is, that the direct or firet- loss is but a mere fraction of the real or re- sultant damage. The people of this country buy loads of white clay that is imported at a cost of about one cent per pound, and after it has been skillfully mixed with a score or more of articles of daily consumption, they pay a hundred or more per cent. on its cost and eat it, to the injury of their health and shortening of their life. The farmer and gardener buys seeds la- beled fresh, many of which he is quite sure lost all vitality a dozen years before, and these facts are being better understood each year. We have published many articles showing up the adulterations of food, and shall con- tinue to do what we can to overthrow those practices which are alike damaging to the health, the pecuniary interests, and the morals of the people. This contract business, which has called out our brief article, is not new by any means. It has been practiced long enough to give it character. We may be mistaken, but we had supposed that it was not in use among business houses claiming to havea good standing. We have not said anything about the “92 pounds,” and we don’t in- tend to, but that little contract looks so fishy that we are surprised that D. M. Ferry &Co. should try it on our friend Miller, President of the Fish Commission of the great State of Michigan. We do not advertise very much, and as a rule charge and collect pay for what little we do; but occasionally, as in this instance, we do a little free. It will soon be seasona- ble to sow oats, and, as this edition of the VISITOR is 9,000, we are safe in saying that not less than 20,000 people will learn before the 1st of March where to obtain “VVhite Russian Oats.” AN ICE HOUSE WITHOUT ICE. The first half of February has been so spring-like in Southern Michigan that the business of storing ice for summer use has not been pursued to any considerable extent. Nor was January of this year favorable for securing an abundant crop of this article, which with many farmers has come to be a sort of necessity. We used to belong to that class--had an ice house and watched in early winter for favorable conditions to stock it well with a good article for summer use. Every person interested in this mat- ter knows good ice, good roads, good weather, geod help and good saw dust are some of the favorable conditions that do not all come together Within the compass of the two days, when one can attend to filling the ice house just as well as not. And those who have put up ice and find it such a lux- ury, know that it costs something to build even a cheap ice-house, and the cost of fill- ing each year is no trifling item of expense, without all the conditions are unusually fa- vorable. Then a well filled ice-house with- out a nice refrigerator is like a horse with- out a buggy, not wholly useless but not as available for use as we could wish. That refrigerator costs. Then again it is a per- petual tax on a man to go to the ice house every other day for several months, dig out, wash, and put in the refrigerator the requi- site supply of ice to keep its contents cool and nice. We are not guessing about this matter. We have put money and time into this business just as thousands of farmers all over the country are still doing and are be- ing commended for the doing. We have an ice-house still on our premises but there is no ice in it, and we should not have filled it if the favorable conditions named had all been present at any one time within the last three months. Now we are writing this article for the benefit of those who have-enjoyed the lux- ury of cold firm butter in dog days, together with all the other articles that come upon the table only in their best condition when nearly as cold as water fresh from the well, but who have failed this winter to provide for this luxury next summer by putting up their usual supply of ice. Some people may have such cool cellars that they need neither ice-houses with ice, or such an one as we have—an ice-house without ice. We told the readers of the VISITOR once about our ice-house, but as we have twice the number of readers now that we had then, we repeat substantially, our former statement. Our ice-house without ice is our well, into which we let down a barrel shaped cup- bbard about four feet long, all open on one side from top to bottom. The shelves are of course circles and are about one foot apart. In this there is room for all the cream, butter, fresh or cooked meat and vegetables thata large family need in sup- ply from day to day. The manner of low- ering this into the well a dozen feet or so. may -be by a windlass outside the curb with a rope passing from the windlass over a pulley suspended say eight feet above the center of the well. Or by the aid of some old iron or a box of sand equaling in weight the well filled cupboard, it may be so balanced that little effort is needed to lower the cupboard into the well the desired depth, or raise it above the curb when its contents are needed. In this way the pulley supporting the weight at one end of the rope and the cupboard at the other, must be above the well 12 or 15 feet, and this plan is only practicable when the derrick of a windmill stands over the well. That is the way my cupboard refriger- ator is operated and has been for two years, and it is good enough. . The whole afl.“air did not cost half as much as a cheap ice-house, and when once provided needs no repair. Its first cost makes provision for continued use for years. And it is no more trouble to go to the well- house, draw up the cupboard and get what is wanted than to go to the cellar for the same thing. The enquiry has been made before this time by some of our readers, how do you use your well to keep a cupboard in and to get water from; well, we don't. Be- fore we adopted this substitute for an ice- house we had a regular “driven well” pipe in the well that had been driven several feet into the bottom. This was drawn out and driven outside the brick well, and is now to all intents and purposes as straight an infringement of Mr. Green's patent as 25 feet of gaspipe has produced anywhere,- on which royalty remains unpaid. We havn’t got this cooler process pat- ented yet, and with the precedent of Mr. Green before us, there seems to be no neces- sity of making haste with our application for some years yet. With our very satis- factory experience with this plan, if we had only a drive well we should dig and curb a well expressly for this use, and if water was too far from the surface, so that we could not afford to dig and curb to it, we should dig down about fifteen feet, put a tub in the bottom and then run a small pipe from some convenient point near my drive well to this well prepared for my cooler. Through this convey pipe I would supply this tub in the bottom of the well with wa- ter occasionally or as often as necessary to keep the tub of water fresh. Any excess would overflow and be absorbed by the earth. Water is essential for evaporation to maintain the desired low temperature. We have written this for the benefit of those farmers who have failed to fill their ice- houses, and we advise such and also those who have been intending to build an ice- house, but have not got at it yet to try our plan. If you do, you will neither fill or build one for future use. We do not forego the luxury of ice cream because we have no ice. When wanted, we send to the market, get as much ice asis needed, get out our freezer, and—-well, let somebody else make it for us to eat. In all this, the object sought—to keep cool and sweet all such articles as are better and more palatable by being brought to the table in that condition by the use of the refriger- ator and ice—may be attained at much less cost and much less trouble by the plan we have outlined and have in use—than by the use of ice. ~ THE DRIVEN WELL. No new developments have come to our knowledge on this subject since our last issue further than the following circular sent us and the letter we give herewith. The cheek of Andrews’ Bros. is amazing. A month before the date of this circular an adverse decision was had in a case pending before a United States District Judge of the Northern District of New York that involv- ed the validity of the patent, and this decis- ion was published in every important paper in the country. It is obviously true that the great mass of well users in Michigan have not paid any royalty on driven wells to anybody and don’t intend to, but there must be here and there some weak-kneed fellow that pays, else these agents would not persist in their labors as royalty collectors. We believe that even now the back of this fraud is broken, and we have no sympathy for the man who yields to either the persuasion or the bull-dozing of these royalty fellows. Here is their last circular:—- THE DRIVEN WELL. February 7, 1882. “ The Green patent has been again con- firmed, the last decision being by U. S. Judge Blatchford, of the Western District of New York. “ Six U. S. Judges are now recorded in its favor and no adverse decision has ever been given. Royalty on domestic and farm wells not exceeding 1} inches in diameter is ten dollars. “ Infringers in the counties of St. Joseph, Van Buren, Allegan, Barry, Eaton, Kent, and Muskegon sending five dollars within 20days to our agent, James E. Franklin, Grand Rapids, Michigan, can obtain a license at 50 per cent. discount which covers all past and future use. After 20 days from date of this notice full royalty will be charg- ed and infringers liable to suit without fur- ther notice. W. D. Annanws & B30. 233 Broadway, New York. Joint owners and attys. for patentee. DEAR SIR: —— The enclosed is sent you thinking that perhaps you are interest- ed in driven wells. If you have none please hand it to some neighbor who has. We wish oundiscount notice to be as general as possible in order that all may have “if they wish to take it” advantage of the dis- count. Yours, etc., James E. FRANKLIN, Agent, Rooms 19 & 20 Pierce Block, Grand Rapids, Mich. Agent for the Counties of Berrien, Cass, St. Jose h, Van Buren, Allegan, Barry, Eaton, ent, and Muskegon, State of Michi- gan. RAVENNA, Mich., Feb, 8, 1882. Editor Grange Vaitor.-——The above gener- ous proposition was received by myself and several neighbors a few days since, and the question now arises do we “ wish to take it."_ A discount of fifty per cent. is wonderfully ,more fully than heretofore. tempting to a “ Granger" and if we must submit to be being robbed by slide-gate, wag- on tongue supporter, and drive well thieves why, we will submit with as good grace as possible, and hold in grateful remembrance Mr. Green, Wm. D. Andrews at Bro., and James E. Franklin, who propose to divide the swag with us infringers. The proposal to make a discount of fifty per cent. satisfies us that the above named gentlemen are not ordinary thieves. We don’t propose to be outdone in gener- osity and propose to allow them the benefit of the latter statement at one hundred per cent. “ if they wish to take it.” Yours truly, Wm. K. Cannon. MASTERS, LECTUIURS AND SECRETARIES FOR 1882——WHO ARE THEY? The duties of Secretary of the State Grange are prescribed in the 6th Section of Article 7, of its By-Laws. To meet the requirements of the 4th par- agraph of this section is the most difficult work assigned us. We have not time and could hardly afford to make a personal visit to each secretary of a Subordinate Grange, or even write this officer a letter of enquiry, asking who is Master, Lecturer, and Secre- tary of his Grange for the current year. Several times every year we ask through the VISITOR, but never get fully answered. . WHAT WE WANT. We have looked over our list of Granges that we recognize as alive, and find the fol- lowing formidable list whose Secretaries have failed to report the names of the Master, Lecturernand Secretary elect for the year 1882. Will the Masters of Granges at once insti- tute enquiry and find out whether the Secretary has done his duty in this matter? We have added Lecturer this year because the last State Grange so ordered. Even in Michigan there are Masters and Secretaries who do not take the VISITOR. From such we do not expect reports. 6, 31, 36, 37, 53, 57, 54, 63, 78, 83, 91, 102, 112, 114, 118, 126, 128, 130,134, 140,141, 145, 159, 163, 176, 186, 189, 191, 199, 203, 224, 241, 247, 255, 271, 273, 286, 292. 293, 301, 313,315, 326, 331. 333, 335, 336, 338, 340, 344, 355, 361, 364, 381, 385, 396, 399, 401, 408, 422, 431, 438, 439, 440. 462, 464, 469, 470, 471, 480, 487, 492, 523, 574, 593, 602, 603, 610, 621,622, 629, 633, 635, 636, 637. OBITUARY NOTICES. There are nearly 20,000 Patrons of Hus- bandry in Michigan, of course nearly all of them farmers; and although farming is called a healthy employment, yet it is not so healthy that farming communities do not require the services of the undertaker and lots in cemeteries. The obituary notices which we print oc- cupy considerable space. On this account alone we would not, however, refuse to continue the publication of these notices, but the great fact that all must die and that each death brings to some circle, large or small, sorrow_and mourning, is so well es- tablished that a rehearsal of the matter in substantially the same terms is not a matter of particular interest to the 20,000 readers of the VISITOR. For the larger part of these obituary notices, with the preamble and resolutions, we might as well use a good sample, and have it stereotyped. We take it these obituaries are not gener- ally read, except by the few who know the subject of the notice. We have therefore de- termined to hereafter publish only brief notices, restricting the space occupied to two squares or less. DEFENSE FUND. Several of the Granges that pledged amounts to the Defense Fund ranging from $5.00 to $50300 have not yet met the25 per cent assessment ordered by the Executive Committee. We call attention to this mat- ter, hoping that will be sufiicient. Delin- quency is a bad quality and leads to the suspicion that the individual members are not as prompt as they should be. IN the last number of the VISITOR, a cor- respondent asks several questions in regard to drainage. We find in the Agricultural World a lengthy and somewhat exhaustive article from the pen of a Mr. Fuller, a practi- cal and observing gentleman of Kent county. The article was read by the author before the Farmers’ Club of Kentcounty, at one of its late meetings. We find we have not room in this number for the whole of the article, and have therefore omitted the ar- gument presented to establish the value of drainage. Our personal knowledge of the subject is so limited that we shall express no positive opinion as to the logic of Mr. Fuller in his argument in favor of drainage, but for those who are already satisfied that it will pay to under-drain, we give that part of his article entire which directs “How to Drain,” with such illustrations as Mr. Fuller has introduced into this part of his article. A FEELING that the Agricnltural depart- ment of the VISITOR should cover more space, has often cropped out, and as our friends have been liberal toward us of late, we have given in this number twice the usual amount in this department: We shall try in future to answer this demand We want short articles frompracttcal farmers. vnsnon nrcewrs (cormuuso). JANUARY. 28.—Wm HPost. $1.00; A H Hatch, $3.00; $1. C00k,$4.50; Fred W Templeton, 30-83 Ma1l0ry,$l.00; J as McDiarmid.$1.00; RF Welwood. $1.50; John E Wilcox, $1.00; Wm H Castle, $1.00. 31-—H Hawley. $4 00; Mrs Ann Shadle, $2.20.‘ I E Phellis. $1.00; Mary E Sickles, $5.00; E E Hewitt, $1.00; Esther Taylor, $3 50; N J Holt, $5.00; C N Bullis, $5.00; £d1r§0Lucy Chappell, $1.00; I-I Baldwin, FEB RUARY. l.—Perry Babcock, $12 40; L J Dean, $3.00; E M Haven. $1.00; A Emery, $1.00; John Preston, $1.00; C M VVoodland, $5 00; W B Langley. $2 00; S D Brower, $3.00; Wm B Cutting. $1.00. 2.—W C Lankton, $5.00; Mrs Clara Mix, $3-50; Thos Gibbs, $4.00; H S Fisk, $1.00; A F Johnson, $1.50; C V Nash, $1.00; Miss Carrie Kingsley, $1.00; M Buell, $3.00; E K Gill, $5.50. 3.—E D Wallace. $1.00; 0 J Anthony, $1.50; CM Risley, $130; John Chappel, $1.00; A M Etheridgc, $1.10; C G Jackson, $3.50; D ADenison, 3257; G H Read, $1.00; I E Phelps, $2 00. 4.——J D Studley, $2 00; Lettie Ward, $5.50; John McKlbbie, $4 60. 6. —J R Brown, $35.00; Ira Joy, $1.00; H Curtiss, $1.00; G H Barker, $1.00; J C Sawtell, $1 60;. C E Andrews, $1.00; E. J. 0sborn,$-1.50; D D Harger, $4 50; A P Talmage. $1.00 Mrs E Wells. $2.20; E A Horton, $1.00. 7.———L Day, $1.50; H Chatfleld, $1.00; A B Clark, $2 50; O Girsberger, $1.50; G J Stedman, $1.00; 0 L Horton, $2.50; Edwin Starkweather, $1 00; Geo Fuller, $2.00; Dani Lawler, 2,50; A A King, $5.50. 8.——Edwin Mason, $2 00; Peter Smith, $2.00; Jas Anderson,$2.50; L H Barnet, $1.00; 0 R Edwards, $1 00; Jacob Wesler, $1.50- E S Bellany, $4.90; C E Myers, $1.00; D Jennings,$100; E '1‘ Rowe, $3 00; T D Smith, $4.00; J Wilcox. $2 00; J W Schell, $1.25; N Phelps, $2.00; Mrs J A Courtright, $1.00. 9.——W A VVebster, $7.00; Ed Fellows, $1.00- E Kelly, $150; Sara Corey, $3.78; Mrs M. Ward, $1.20; C E Harris, $7.00. 10.——J D Merritt, $1.00; A H Rice, $1.00; H T Albro, $5 00; A Mench, $1.00; Wm H Mather, $3 50; Austin Sprague, $3.00; H W ’1‘uttie, $4.50. ll.——Mrs Jennie Pope, $100; A Mench, $1.00; S Healy, $1.00; I E Phelps, $2.00; E C L Mumford, 2.00; H C Rawson. $5.00. 13.—-Lewis S Goodale, $2 00; H Coglll, $2.50; W M Andrews. $5.00; 0. W Damon, $1.00- Mrs. D Eddy, $3 20; U Sherman, 1 W; M Gardner, $1.00; W H Castle, $4.30. THE TAX COMMISSION. The Legislature will be in session before our subscribers receive another number of the VISITOR to consider the tax bill which the commission appointed by the Governor have, after much labor, prepared. Of the bill submitted we are most sur- prised at the omission by the Commission of the very strong point about which, in all discussions that we have heard, there was most general agreement, that is—re— quirlng all persons to substantiate by oath or affirmation the correctness of the state- ments of their property. That men will swear falsely, of course everybody knows —-but why omit this requirement when it is entirely certain that with it the assessment would be much nearer correct. We cannot think the Commission did its duty in thrs matter. The mistake ranks with that of the Governor in making up the Commission without the most important interest in the State being more fully represented in the V o b0’I“fie Commission should have had in its make-up two or three business farmers. Our friend Chamberlain on the Commission is all right as a man but a good ways from a thorough bred as a practical farmer, and we understand he is the representative of the great agricultural interest of the State in that Commission. WHO is looking up three months su_b- scribers? Here isa field for Grange mis- sionary laoor that should be more thorough- ly worked. If a diligent effort is made by Patrons who have the good of the farmer as well as the good of the Order at heart, be- fore the first of April several thousand farmers of the State, who as yet hardly know of the existence of the paper, will become regular subscribers. And we know of no way that a little work well applied will be more likely to add to the member- ship of the Order than by scattering the Vrsrron among the farmers of the State. Besides there is a good chance for some ac- tive workers to get good wages for time spent. Send in the names: it will pay. Remember our premiums offered in the last Vrsrron. THE farmers of Kalamazoo county held an Institute at Galesburg on the firet and second of this month. W'e were present and have no hesitation in saying that the papers read were creditable productions and the discussions which followed were also creditable to the farmers present from this and neighboring counties. We expected to have in this number about a two-column article of gleanings, but have failed. We secured several of the papers read, which we will give in whole or in part as soon as we can. The articles have good kee ng quali- ties, but when our paper is f we must hold over all material on handjjfor future use. Wn haveashdrt, practical article in an- swerto the enquiries on first page of the VISITOR of Feb. 1. in regard to underdrain- ing, which we have laid aside for a future issue, as the lengthy article on this’ subject ; on our fifth page is enough for this time. 1 A I 1 ‘ gistsnce by nipping -the scanty FEBFEUARY 15, 1882. \ TEE GRANGE 7181293. 5 » fiiliwllunl inclusi- HOW TO HAVE IT. If milkiand butter you would have KA right delicioulfo treat, as churn and wits, and milking pails Brest scnipulonsly sweet, With boiling water, day by day, Cleanse each with utmost care; Then rear them at your doorway. To dry in open air.—Ezchange. Stock Raising. This paper was repared by Mr. _Gideon Hebron. and read at th Cass Count . Institute, held J anu- ary 18th, 1882, at Cassopo . Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen.-—In the selection of subjects, your committee have assigned me one better adapted to my tastes than my talents ; but as a question of absorbing national interest, it should be complimentary enough to satisfy the most ambitious aspirant for favors, yet so varied in its requirements, and so comprehensive in its cnaracter, implying as it does an inti- mate knowledge of hygienic conditions and animal economy, and involving accurate tests and carefully conducted experiments, that weeks might be devoted to its study and a lengthy paper would be necessary for its satisfactory presentation. But this feel- ing is relieved by the thought that no such elaborate treatise is expected, and that what my essay shall lack in fullness of detail, fertility of thought, or force and variety of expression, the varied and versatile talents of this intelligent audience will either con- siderately overlook or promptly supply. Much of the land in our State too low, or too broken, sandy or fragmentary, for the profitable production of grain, when re- claimed has a special adaptation for the raising of stock, and when pastured by improved breeds of cattle, sheep and horses, would show as good a margin of profits upon the investment, as the better arable lands devoted continually to the production of the cereal crops. And I confidently be- lieve, and will assert without fear of suc- cessful contradiction, that upon hundreds of the grain farms of this State, where wheat has been the great staple and main dependence for many years, where for in- stanceathousand bushels have been pro- duced annua1ly,—tbat upon these same farms, a thousand dollars worth of live stock and their products could be raised and sold year by year, without lessening the amount of wheat, and at a less proportion- ate cost. Some of the essentials to successful stock- raising are well seeded pastures Of the grasses indigenous to the locality, plenty of pure water at all times easy of access, salt continually within the same enclosure, and in summer, shade upon the more elevated portions of‘ their pastures, thus securing protection from the vertical rays of a burn- ing sun, comparative immunity from flies and malarious vapors, with the advantages of fertilizing the more drouthy and barren places. Pastures at inconvenient distances from the farm buildings should be provided with open sheds having tight roofs to shelter stock from thelong, cold, drenching rains which frequently occur in the months of May and October, causing a waste and shrinkage in forty-eight hours, from which it requires a week or ten days to recover. It is no longer a disputed question among intelligent stockmen that animals of all kinds shall be kept not only in a healthy condition but that their growth shall be as nearly uniform as the varying circum- stances and adverse conditions will permit. To maintain this condition they should be sheltered from the biting blasts and chilling rains which announce the approach of win- fer. furnished a clean and comfortable bed, and regularly given a sumcient allowance of feed, and of a quality adapted to their growth and other natural requirements, va- rying with the age, sex, kind of animals and the purpose for which they are severally bred and kept. . With the care and fare here indicated horned cattle should increase in weight from one and one-half to two pounds per day for the first two or three years of their lives, with an decreasing ratio in gain as they approach maturity. . Sheep should yield any annual fleece of superior brook-washed wool averaging from eight to ten pounds per head, and ewes will raise from seventy-five to eighty per cent of lambs. . Horses should be worth at two or three years old from $200 to $250 apiece. These results presuppose that animals of the improved breeds or high grades are kept, and instances are not wanting in this and adjoining States where such success has been attained, leaving a margin of profit satisfactory to the owners, and show- ing that the business is ‘self-sustaining, and can be conducted independsrlitly, as an ‘axillary to grain raising, highly remu- ' nerative and almost indispensable. These methods and this success is sharp- ly contrasted by the practice ‘bf keeping scrub stock of all kinds and sizes, sexes, ghgpbs and ,-‘hues, compelling them to ‘loan a dishonest and precarious sub- herbage {mm the adjoining fields in summer or ,..‘.,;,.¢ in autumn through woody com- mon or withered holt, with the blue vault of heaven as a roof above them, the frozen earth their only lair—an expensive eyesore to their owners, a nuisance to the neigh- borhood, bearing the lifelong pinch of pov- erty, their existence often a prolonged tor- ture. and their lives a miserable failure. So far, I have little more than outlined plans for the general management of do- mestic animals. To make these prin- ciples applicable to the winter fattening of cattle and sheep, the treatment must vary with the number, kind of stock, and farm products, and their relative prices. Swine being of a different nature and re- quiringa somewhat different management, will receive attention in a separate article. To stall-fed cattle, I would turn them loose into a well-littered open yard, supplied with water and furnished with a a tight-roofed shed open to the south and closed at other three sides; or better, if set diagonally, open at southeast. This shed should have stanchiohs arranged along one side or through the middle, where each animal can be securely fastened, and receive his allotted portion at a regular and specified time, safe from the intrusive annoyance of his stronger or more vicious neighbor. After feeding would give them the liberty of the yard and shelter, permitting them to rub, lick, drink, lie down, or move about for exercise, and pursue at liberty and leisure their individual inclinations, This shed should be kept clean and dry by tl e frequent addition of fresh litter, and for this purpose I have found new saw dust an excellent material, that of the softer woods preferred. This makes a soft and elastic bed, and has the advantage of being a quick and retentive absorbent. If the cattle were of different sizes would divide them into smaller herds. grading them according to age or size, and vary their feed to suit their ages, wants, and powers of digestion. So farl have found no better feed than finely ground corn and oats mixed with coarse bran. For two years old I would give equal parts of this mixture, taking bulk as a standard. Three year olds should have at least the half cdrn meal, balance equal parts bran and oats. The amount to be given can only be as- certained by feeding, and -no certain rule can be adopted, as different animals vary in their powers of digestion and assimilation. I would feed meal at six in the morning, again at noon, and again at six oclock in the evening, but would never give more than they would eat with an eager appetite. Upon natural grass lands remote from mar- kets, hay can be fed to a good advantage, and the hides and hoofs of cattle will be fouhdtohelp materially in its transporta- tion to the seaboard, or its exportation to foreign parts. But where the cultivation of wheat and corn are found profitable. hay becomes a comparatively expensive luxury, where good early cut straw of wheat, oats, and barley bears only the price of paper ma- terial. ‘ With roots I have had but a limited experience, but the little that I have had, leaves no doubt that upon most of the farms in southern Michigan they can be successfully raised, might be made a profit- able crop for feeding, and will yet become an important factor in the fattening of stock. - The agricultural papers have published from time to time the results of carefully conducted experiments with a fullness of detail which the limits of my paper for- bid. I will, however, give from the records of my last year’s operations a few facts and figures which will illustrate what may be done under ordinary or adverse circumstan- ces. On the 17th day of May last, s”x head of grade cattle, varying in age from six months to three years, nine head of horses. two cows, and twenty head of stock hogs were turned upon fifteen acres of well seeded pasture land, top dressed with salt and gyp- sum; the grass having at the time attained agood growth. On the thirteenth day of August this field was relieved and the stock turned upon aftergrowth of meadows, and on the ninth day of September three of the larger steers were sold, showing the follow- ing results :— Th‘ree headofsteers sold Sept. 3, weighing 4,050 it. at 41,} cents, amount to $172.12. Same steers weighed May 17, 3,276-lb. which at4 cents is $131.04. Gain in weight in 117 days is774 pounds. Gain in cash value, $41.08. Gain per head in weight, 258 lb. Gain per head per diem,°2.2 lb. This gives a gain in cash value of $13.60 per head, from which deduct 7 per cent interest on investment, leaves us as near as can be estimated, $12.69 per acre for use of land, or charging a rent of $5 per acre for land would yield an interest on the invested capital of 59 per cent. The three head of smallersteers weighing May 17, 1,618 lb. in the aggregate, running upon the same pastures in summer and with very little extra feed in autumn and early winter, were found tohave gained on the 31st ofDecember.99l ib., being an average of 330 lb. per head, and aper diem gain of 1.36 lb. with an increase in cash value at 4 cents 19 lb. of $39.64, or $18.26 W head. These results are ‘far from being unusual and only given to show what may be done by any one who wishesto change his routine or diversify his farming. The rules given for the care and fattening of cattle will apply with very variation to sheep, the difference being that their feeding grounds should be’ frequently changed in summer. Whole grain can be substituted for meal, oil cake should be added to their diet, and stanchion can be dispensed with while feeding. But little more grain is needed for fattening than is necessay to maintain their growth and keep them in thrifty condition, whilst the increasing weightof wool will frequent- ly pay for the extra amount ofgrain, usually leaving the gain in weight and enhanced price as profits to the feeder. The management ofswine must vary mate- riallv from that of other stock. CommencJ ing with the weaned pigs at the age of eight or ten weeks I would, if warm weather, give them the use of as much ground well seeded to clover, oats or native June grass as they frequently eat over and keep short and fresh. They should be divided into herds of not more than 25 to40 in a herd and graded ac- cording to size and strength. Their pastures should be dry, and for the purpose of freqent- ly changing their feeding grounds, I have found a piece ofland fenced into small inclos- ures and furnished with portable sheds to be agreat convenience. An orchard can often be used for this purpose, thus giving in addi- tion to grass the luxury of shade and fallen fruit. These grounds should be supplied at all times with clean water, which can be pumped by wind power and furnished from a hydrant or tank placed at the connecting angles of four enclosures. But where a lake or stream is accessible this will be found cheaper and aluxury Wonderfully enjoyed by the little ingrates'. For feeding I would give shelled corn soak- ed for at least 24 hours in water, alternately at noon with dry bran and finely ground oats and corn madeinto swill, being careful not to permit the swill to become sour. If the number of pigs kept would justify the expenditurel would have the meal mixed with roots and steamed or cooked. As the pigs increase in size stronger feeds can be substituted and after harvest a wider range can be given, and if regularly fed and their wants properly attended to their ratio of gain will increase. To finish the fattening I have found a crop of early ripened com the cheapest, the most convenient, and the most economical of anything with which I have experimented. For this purpose the corn should be planted as soon as the ground is in condition to receive and germinate the seed, and if thus early planted will be ready for feed- ing on or before the fifteenth of August. Would commence at first by cutting and throwing out for a few days, and would then fence off as much as the hogs would consume in ten or fifteen days. When running in corn hogs will eagerly eat a large amount of either soft coal or charcoal, and a pile of it should always be within their‘ reach. A box of salt and ashes, and one of sulphur should also be accessible, where they can eat at will, asap- petite dictates or taste inclines, permitting them always to be the judges of their own wants. Thus favored and with these rights and privileges, hogs will fatten rapidly, gaining in proportion to size—-pigs of one hundred pounds gaining from one and a fourth to one and three fourths pounds per day, and hogs of one hundred and seventy-five to two hundred pounds gaining from two to two and one-half pounds per day, with a gain of from four to six hundred pounds per acre. The merits of this method of fattening are that the corn being green and soft is easily digested, the weather is warm and favorable to the process of fattening. The hogs can help themseves to a varied diet of grain and grass, needing at the time little or no shelter, can get their own drinks, make their own beds, husk their own corn, while pure air and exercise gives eagerness to their appetites and improves the quality of their flesh. In addition to this it relieves the farmer of the careand labor of feeding. At seeding time, the corn being fed out in time and the waste remaining upon the land, leaves it in fine condition for acrop of wheat, and the hogsooaire ready for market when the demand is . . lflteferringagain to my records I find that on the 13th day of August 60 head ofhogs and shotes were turned into five acres of corn and when removed showed the following results :— KERD OF TWENTY HEAD. lb. lb. 20 head of large hogs taken from corn Sept. :3, wt.-- Same he s, Aug. 13, wf._-- Gain in ‘ days, ________ __ Oash lvgilue of gain @ 6 cts. per ., .................. -- Gain per head per day,_-_ HERD or roan HEAD. 40 head of shotes when ta- ken from corn Sept. 26, weighed -...----------..-- shotes when turned into corn May 13 weighed--- Total gain in 44 day ----__ Cash value of gain @ 5}§c., Gain per head per day,_-_ Total gain of both herds on 5 acres, cash,-_--_.--- gregate gain of both erds in weight, ..... _- Gain in weight per acre,__ Aggregate yield of cash peracr ,--------.....-.._- Rent and cost of raising corn per acre,__-__.._.._ Net profit r acre with gained @ lygc. ‘in it On the 26th of September the aforesaid shotes now grown to hogs were changed to another field and the account woud stand as follows :- HOG ACCOUNT. To 121/; acres of corn ground, @ $5.00 per acre, ___________________________ -_ To planting and cultivating, @8115 per acre, ____________________________ __ By gain on l?.}«_§ acres of corn—1,608 lb., @ 0% cents per lb-,_-_-—--—--------_-— To profits on hogs from 12% acres of corn, ________________________________ __ DE. 86250 37681 . $23344 H4 13 25344 Cash gain per acre, ___________________ -_ Profits on corn per acre, _____________ __ fl 20 9 44 I lit? This showing has the disadvantage of a poor crop ofcorn, but is balanced by the compensating advantage of high prices for hogs; yet, taken upon the whole, yielding as good returns asan average crop of wheat, with lighter draftupon the soil. My record would furnish data for other pages of these figures which might bechang- ed toshow the real and relative cost and profits of feeding the different kinds of stock, the amount. to a hundred pounds of meal or a bushelof corn, butl have not tbs time to continue them,andyour patience might be taxed to longer listen. Some of the advantages of rearing and winter fattening of stock are, that it converts themore bulky products of the farm into cash while adding to the fertilility of the lands upon which they grow, enables the farmer to hold his animals for a better mar- ket, or at least distributes his sales over a greater part of the year; preventing an ex- cessatone timeand a dearth at another. It relieves the worry of farming while adding to its profits; gives employment to labor which would otherwise be idle in winter; increases the value of our exports, while lessening the cost of transportation; itemploys capital; develops talent; culti- vatesaesthetic tastes, and whilst adding to the national wealth, prosperity.and prestige, cbeapens the food of fatnishing millions in foreign States. ' How to Drain. The difference between drainage and un- derdraining is only the difference between one plan and another. Drainage reall lowers the water level to the depth of the drain; in effect it raises the land just so much higher above the water surface. When a piece of land 20 feet in width is back-fur- rowed to the depth of eight inches, that whole land has been slightly raised, and left a water-course in the back-furrow. Put a furrow eight inches deep in the back-furrow and there is an additional ditch of eight inches, so that the land is _in effect raised eight inches more above the‘natural water- bed, and so far partially drained. It is only partially drained, because the drain is im- perfect. ‘The depth of the drain is insufii- cient to drain the land to the proper depth for the full benefit to the roots of the crops. Dig this back furrow 2;‘. feet deep, as wide as a shovel on the bottom, with aslope of 1; tol on the side, and you have a ditch of 10 inches on the bottom, 2; feet deep and 3 feet 4 inches on the top. This width is as little on top as it is practical to have it, unless you clean it out yearly. This is an open ditch, and is in every way objections le, excepting, possibly, as an outlet to under drains; under peculiar circumstances I hardly know where a person would need one after his system of draining was per- fectcd. Underdraining differs from this in being quite as cheap, taking no larid, being less expensive to keep in order, no danger from sheep getting cast in them, favors the use of machinery. gives level work over the entire field, and gives an air circulation that aids in keeping off frosts. An underdrain should be 2.} feet deep, as wide as a shovel blade on the top and 4 inches on the bottom; and the best time to dig is in the spring, because you can dig clay more easily then than at any other time. The average width of your ditch would not be ever 8 inches, so that each foot of ditch would require the moving of 22 inches of earth, say 2 cubic feet, then it would take 14 feet of ditch to require the moving of one yard of earth. Say of one yard of earth in three feet of ditch—in the blind ditch one yard is 14 feet—so far as moving the earth is concerned you would move as much earth in digging three feet of open ditch as you would in moving the earth from 14 feet of blind ditch. An open ditch, narrow on top, involves more repairs and more obstructions, for as soon as any obstruction gets in the ditch, damage occurs by back-water. Add to the expense of the blind ditch one cent per foot for tile, add the drawing from the city and the filling up of the ditch, the comparative cost is in favor of the blind ditch. The width of four inches on the bottom is narrow, and involves the necessity of procuring a long-handled shovel and turning up the sides so as to leave it four inches wide. The usual way to dig is with a spade, beginning at the outlet of the ditch and takingaspade deep. A narrow, long spade is the best: they are made for this purpose, but are not essential. The earth that is not thrown out by the spade and gathers in the bottom, is then thrown out by a narrow shovel, going over the second time with the spade the earth would be thrown out in the same way. A man can work in a ditch four inches wide on the bottom, with one foot behind the other, and a two and a half foot ditch can be dug narrow on the top because a man’s hips are above. When the ditches are dug, make the bot- toms smooth and clean and as nearly level with an even fall as you can; then begin at the upper end and lay the tile, puttin them end to end. The space between the t le lets in the water, and if the space seems too large lay a bit of stone or broken tile over the crack to keep out dirt. Concerning the top of the ditch: A three foot ditch must be much wider on the top, because one cannot work in a narrow ditch of that de th. The earth should be thrown well back rom the ditch on each side, eight to twelve inches, so that one can walk along the ditch and lay the tile, and the earth will not fall in. The filling of the ditch (after throwing in loose earth carefully on the tile that none be misplaced) can be done with the plow. I think my doubletree was eleven feet long; should make one twelve feet, a horse at each end, with astick between their heads to keep them apart. , Fill the upper and lower end of the ditch by hand and tread it in hard so that the team can turn on it. The long doubletree should permit your horses to walk outside the thrown-out earth. If by any chance a horse stepsin the ditch du ring the operation look to it carefully that he has not broken or misplaced a tile. The ditch should not only be filled but a back furrow turned on it. Some persons tread in the earth by walking back and forth on it. Have known a horse used to tread down the earth on a stone drain. Ifthere is much fall a very heavy rain might turn so much water into a partially covered blind ditch as to wash the earth out. The earth over the blind ditch will always be mellow, always easy to dig out, if there is occasion to dig to the tile. When a wheat crop is on wheat roots will be found down to the tile, and on my land one could discern the lines of the tile by the extra growth of the wheat. Where to put drains must be settled by the lay of the land, kind of soil, etc. A fiat swamp kept wet from springs could be drained by a ditch on one side parallel to that side and thereby dry the entire swamp. To drain a side-hill that is too wet in the spring, ditches should run up and down the hill and parallel with each other. The size of tile for main drains depends on the amount ofdrainage and the fall. The size of laterals depends on circumstances — the distance apart, the fall, the quantity of water to be carried. As a rule the small sized tiles for laterals are large enough. So far as the growth of crops is concerned the total submerging ofa field for an entire day or two, or even more, is of no great import- ance if the water is immediately drawn off. A marsh that has no fall across its surface but has a fall at the end of it, so that the foot ofa main drain can be kept open, will drain itself. The Amazon river for hun- dreds of miles is reported to have less than an inch to the mile, but the water goes ofi‘. Drainsin a heavy rain will send off the water under a two foot and a half head. Deep tillage on wet land through which the water does not readily percolate, is of lit- tle value because it has to be continually re- peated. After drainage, such land once sub- soi1ed,or loosened,remains loose and the roots pass readily through it. VVheat roots over my under drains would run to the tile, and where away from them they would run to the depth of the plowing and occasionally others would work further down. As the frostagoes out in the spring and the soil is loosened thereby it was my theory that the water, if abundant, would work through very tenacious soil down to the drainsas the water passed through the air would take its place, as I before said, and in this way the land was kept friable. This at least was my way for accounting for the fact that the soil grows deeper from the effect of the drainage. It is the fact we want and not the theory. Evaporation is cold. To see which way the wind blows ; wet it finger and hold it up: invert a glass -— a~‘.tumbler —at night and place it tkhtly over any hard walk, in a dry time, and water will be found on its inside in the morning. It is never so dry that it is not moist under a board laid on any ground. The deeper the soil the more moisture it retains, absorbs and gives out—it becomes a sponge. It ever evaporates from the surface. When more water is held than the soil absorbs and evaporation goes on from the surface, that soil will be cold. The warm ai cannot penetrate to warm it and there is mply a cold evaporation from the surface. That is my theory, at all events; the fact is that it is cold and unproductive and brings about all the enumerated difficulties which have to be overcome in raising crops. Artificial ice is made by rapid eva oration. Ice is formed by evaporation int e copper mines in the hot- test days of summer. As I say, wheat roots run down. Agood farm lies within eight inches of surface ; there is a better one within sixteen inches, and underneath that is another still better, and your children’s generations will reach it by putting in drains five feet deep. I speak of the children's children of underdrainers. The correspond- ing children of those who do not drain will be found in the Saskatchuwan country wearing out another soil. The malaria of the country is driven off or prevented b draining. This is a conceded fact by all so - entists and is a very important considera- tion. There are many farmers who are poor to-day because of the malaria peculiar to undrained lands. Insects injure weak plants, wevil will destroy a light croip, occa- sionally a too wet season and slow r pening, while the wevil can do comparatively little injury to a heavy crop ripening rapidly. If they do you do not know it. I do not pre- tend that insects are destroyed by under- draining, indeed the warfare upon insects is one so hopeless that I never had the courage to undertake it on a large scale. When my crops were put in I shut the field gates and left them till harvesting. Underdraining leaves no dead furrows to act simply as an open drain and to obstruct the mower and reaper, and to carry down by the water to a neighbor’s land the best part of the farm. , I have given many reasons for under- draining. If there is one reason against it, I do not know it. In my estimate I have put forty bushels of wheat to the acre. It is too large for an average crop. but the profits are in increased bushels, the mate- rial for those bushels are in the soil, and depth will give the soil. If by your old system of farming you have saved a little money, don’t lend it, but improve your land. Take a ten-acre field and try it. It may seem an extravagant fancy, but I do not believe that there is a field in the State that would not be‘ benefited by underdraining. I do not say they would to the amount of the cost. How much annual be received for an outla The interest on $20 is $ all the advantages here had to amount to $1.40 per acre? What is $2 per acre as a permanent, yearly invest- ment on each improved acre of a farm? The barn is a source of depreciates {mm the da fences put on begin to they are made because they are a necessity. Drains are buried, and the work is finished for generations. A drain may choke occas- ionally and "blow,” as it is termed: that is, the water comes to the surface. That re- quires the digging to the tile and taking out the obstruction—a very easy and simple process. I omitted to say that the outlet of a drain should be of stone for a few feet, or benefit must of $20-per acre? .40. How many of enumerated must be it was erected. The ecay the first year; (Concluded on Eighth Paws.) yearly expense and » 6 THE GEANGE YESEEQEE. jatlies” fitpaqtment. THE BEAUTIFUL GATE. Lines suggested by a request from an aged man to sing “Beautiful Gates Ajar.” O sing to me of my spirit home, And the “beautiful gate ajar;” For oft in my dreams I catch a gleam Of the glory that shines afar. I've sought its blessings in happier days, When heart and home were light, ‘But lonely I sit in the gathering gloom And ask for a song to-night. O sing to me of the heavenly home, Where the many mansions be, And tell me if one at the beautiful gate, Looks out o'er the jasper sea, To mark my coming along the way To the city of light and rest? And shall I clasp her hand once more In the beautiful home of the blest? I had fondly hoped her loving hand Might all my burdens share; But I know the denser the shadows here; The brighter the glory there; And heaven will be far more sweet For the sight of her sainted face—— 0 say, doth she stand at the beautiful gate To guide to my resting place? I know that soon these thirsting lips From the fount of life shall drink, I know that the dimness that shades my eyes, Is the mist at the river’s brink- And when at last with my spirit gaze The shining city I see, I shall know the face at the beautiful gate That is waiting to welcome me. DON’T TAKE IT TO HEART. There’s many a trouble Would break like a bubble, V And into the waters of Lethe depart, Did we not rehearse it, And tenderly nurse it, And give it a permanent place in the heart. There's many a sorrow Would vanish to-morrow, Were we but willing to furnish the wings; So sadly intruding , And quietly brooding, It hatches out all sorts of horrible things. How welcome the seeming Of looks that are beaming, "" Whether one’s wealthy or whether one’s poor; Eyes bright as a berry, Cheeks red as a cherry, The groan and the curse and the heartache can cure. Resolve to be merry, All worry to ferry Across the famed waters which bid us forget; And no longer fearful, But happy and cheerful, _ We feel life has much that’s worth living for yet. —— Tznsleg/'3 Ivfagazine. What fine Patrons Did at Lansing. Realizing the possibility if not probability that I may be called upon asa delegate from this Grange, to the State Grange, to make some remarks, and not being gifted in the art of speech-making, I shall have to resort to the next best way, that of putting down a few thoughts upon paper, and reading them to you, knowing full well, that it is a duty I owe you,. and would be esteemed a privilege and pleasure, could I but say one word that would be for the benefit of our Grange, or be for the good of the Order. I believe no one, if a good Patron, could attend the State Grange and not be bene- fitted thereby, be they delegates or visiting Patrons, and those who cannot tell of the inspiration recéived should act it; those who can should do both, and they are the ones we should send as our representatives. I attended Wednesday, Thursday and Friday as adelegate, for which I am thank- ful to this Grange, as I should not have thought for a moment that I could have gone, had I gone directly from home on my own account, as I felt that we could not afford it; but as I was visiting friends in Jackson county, I thought that on my way home, I would meet my husband in Lan- sing, and attend the State Grange with him. Having attended one session I am prepared to recommend that all who love the Grange attend the State Grange. even as visiting Patrons; and hope we shall never again feel that itswill not pay us to go even as vis- itors. I do not remember when I ever enjoyed myself better; had the satisfaction. of better knowing what the Order was doing; lis- tened to the remarks of the best talent our State afi‘ords—found pleasant acquaintances, saw our beautiful Capitol building, in which we have recognized rights, found that the Grange was a real power, and that our little Subordinate Granges way up north here could not perceptibly change its motion, though they do get ever so sleepy. Butthere is need of awaking to earnest work in every Grange, and by Patron and farmer everywhere. Though|the name of Grange, at present, is not quite as popular, perhaps, as some other names, yet I believe, if we all work, the time is not for distant when we shall be proud to be called Patrons of Husbandry. I for one am not ashamed of it, but only wish that every one of us would realize the need of co-operation, working together for the grand results which would surely follow hearty, earnest work in the cause we repre- “There seems to be a persistent determina- tion among our leaders to defeat ‘all monop- olies and patent right swindlers, and ener- geflc, strong support is needed. The more earnest the work, the sooner it will be ac-- compllshed, at the same time wishing no wrong to others, simply justice to ourselves; and had it not been for ‘the Grange what would have been the condition Of the farmer to-day? Echo answers, what? The monopolists are taking from us year- ly, (besides what would rightly belong to then» for services) $200,000,000, and will we tamely submit to such robbery? Could we not make better use of it in educating our children, improving our homes, giving to the worthy poor, or building Grange halls, and furnishing them with good libraries? We have good, trusty men at the helm, let us help them, they are using every effort to help us. Again, I say, co-operate. The farmers could if they would, have it all their own way, with 85 per cent. of the whole number of votes, with co operation, organ- ization, and concert of action, for the might with the right and the truth must always prevail. The Grange I would compare to a vast army, with all its divisions, subdivisions, oflicers and subordinates, where we can use our tongues, pens and‘actions, instead of swords and firearms. At the head of this army stands the Grand Master of the Na- tional Grange, Bro. J. J. Woodman, as commander-in-chief, then there are as many grand divisions as there are’State Granges, the Masters of .Which rank as major-generals; then the Pomona or Dis trict Granges, so many brigades or regi- ments, the Masters bearing the title of brig- adier general or colonel ; and each Subordi- nate Grange ranks as 9. company. the Master of which a captain, and the mem- bers belonging thereto are high privates; all other oflicers ranking them in their order. An army is organized for a special pur- pose and fights its way to honor and jus- tice, or disgrace and defeat. So with the Grange, it has its own special enemies to fight, and success or defeat must event- ually be the result. YVhich shall it be? All can readily perceive that, our enemies are strong; but perseverance in a good cause is worthy of, and will usually bring success, therefore, hope on and persevere ever, re- membering that “he is thrice armed, who hath his quarrel just” and more. “VVe have assumed the aggressive, let no back- ward step be taken.” Great armies and na- tions have been conquered, and so may we conquer. Notwithstanding our army meets with much opposition, even from those who should labor for its advancement, we know it is for want of knowledge of its purposes and aims. Such should be enlightened. Others who do understand, sometimes be- come weary in well-doing and fall out of the ranks. Again, we see some deserters and traitors, but we must expect such occasion- ally; then again, we see some envious, jeal- ous ones in almost all organizations and they always give more or less trouble. Sometimes we see those who do not seem satisfied, unless they can have an oifice. How absurd, as though all could have one! VVe want and have good leaders, whose enthusiasm can inspire the whole army, and then if we are asgood followers, great and good results can be achieved. It seems a pity that some who would march boldly forward have to be held back by some slow, delinquent ones, who seem not to be able to follow along in the ranks, even on smooth ground, without requiring a great deal of pulling or dragging along. And some others, as soon as the hills and rough places are reached, we see fall back ‘and re- quire renewal of strength. Now we have all confidence in our leaders; it is just as necessary that they have all confidence in us—let it be mutually felt. While we have the centripetal forces to correct and encourage, at the same time we have the centrifugal forces to fight-—the strong army of monopolists and swindlers; and had it not been for the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, we believe this government would have been ere this an aristocracy- avery strong term I am aware, and if we do not want to be hod-carriers or mere “hewers of wood or drawers of water” for the rest of mankind, and be made a prey to the rapacity of other combinations, we must labor together, enlist more into this army, (as we cannot draft them,) by organizing more Granges; keep our deputies busy, for the great field is very slightly cultivated, only in patches here and there. We have not joined this Order without a purpose, we expected to work and fight if need be. Surely the Grange would be a very tame place without troubles and dim- culties to overcome, and when we have overcome them, and our work is done, may we hear that “welcome plaudit, well done,” be able to give to the guard the password, and march onward to victory. Mas. J. A. Porn. Marilla Grange. “Forward!” [Read at an open meeting of Marshall Grange, Jan. 7th, 1882.] A great change is passing over this coun- "try—but farmers until now have never claimed anything for themselves. The coming change is no accident; its causes lie deep and have long been working. The farmers in their isolation and timidity have been slow to act and reluctant to follow leaders of their own class, but at last they are moving with irresistible force. Their power must be felt and acknowledged. FEBRUARY 15, 1852. There is one thing farmers need as much as combination and that is education. I do not mean by this to say that they are igno- rant, but there is a vast dlfi‘erence between being ignorant and not being educated enough. There is also a great difference betweena fashionable education, and one that fits a person for the practical duties of his calling. Merchants, traders, manufac- turers and professional men found the ne- cessity in their business of a more extended education, and with this they acquired greater favor, although the farmers out- numbered all other occupations combined. The greater power of the other was mani- fest, for in our legislative halls were to be found fewer farmers than any other class. It could not be expected that any class pos- sessing power would legislate against their own interest, and thus we find nearly all legislation was made against the farmer and in favor of those who through knowl- edge, had power. The Grange is a school of instruction, where we may all acquire useful knowledge of all that pertains to our welfare as farmers and citizens, and as a means of enlighten- mentit is second to no. other educational institution in our land. We cannot afl“ord to stand aloof from this institution as we can mutually assist each other in securing for ourselves equal rights with other classes, to relieve us from the oppressions of rings, monopolies and combinations that have hitherto been operatingiagainst us. It is to secure purity in our politics and justice in our laws. Therefore take pride in your Grange work, let every member be proud of his or her meinbership, and be proud of being one of the best Grangers in one of the best Granges. Let me say our Grange school will be a success if we choose to do our part. Broth- ers and sisters, as I lock to-day upon the faces of friends and Patrons here assembled, my memory goes back to the time when such meetings as this were unknown, when farmer looked upon farmer as one to be mis- trusted, and one whom he must strive to sur- pass in worldly matters, and with whom he had no common ties of brotherhood, no bond that held man to man, as one to whom he owed more than the slightest civility. But that time is fast passing away. To-day farmers meet one another with the Warmest and kindest feelings. To the Grange and its teachings, can this nearly all be attributed ; it brings the east and west the north and the south together. They learn to talk and dis- cuss questions of farm management and domestic economy, questions of national importance, of finance and taxation. But what does the Grange do for woman ? It opens its doors and bids her stand as an equal by her brother; she shares in his labors and honors; she fills her place with dignity. VVe are proud of American progress! Glad when we refiect that so much of it is due to the influence of woman. Therefore educate man for manhood, woman for womanhood, and both for humanity. Press forward to honor and victory——victory over ignorance, honor over vice, seeing we are herein the world. Let us live to make each other happy. We have a good foundation, welllaid, a noble structure to build, and may we as farmers and farmer’s wives build wisely for those who are to come after. We claim that the Grange is a benefit; that it might have done more we will not dispute. But if this institution should instantly become extinct, it would leave memories behind that would never perish. In conclusion, brother and sister ofliicers, the hour for ac- tion has come. There have been many ac- tive hours in the days past, but never were hopes so flattering, prospects so bright as the present. May this year crown all the years past to the farmer and the farmers’ only organization. Let us characterize this year of our Order by greater official integ- rity, activity and zeal than has been known in any year past. Don’t be discouraged. Learn your duties, study how to discharge them-to please all working with you. Let each do what he can, be it little or much; and whatever you attempt, strive to do well, and let the word run along the line, Go on! go on! go on! Mas. J. L. KINYON. Marshall Grange, No. 83. Home Culture. There are many ways‘ in which we, as mothers, play an important part in the in- tellectual, as well as moral and physical de- velopment of our children. Nor do I seek to underrate the value of a father’s influence and example—particularly when a child is passing from childhood to youth and maid- enhood -—- when I afiirm that, in early life, a mother’s opportunities to influence her child, either for good or evil, to lay the foun- dation fora life of usefulness and self-de- nial, or one quite the contrary, are far greater than those of fathers, in general. The real education of a. child commences much earlier than many people imagine, ' who have considered the question in a gen- eral sense only, since it really begins the minute he looks, with eyes full of wonder, at his surroundings. He soon learns to dis- tinguish the faces of those around him, and knows to whom he is expected to look for love, care and protection. Did you ever consider how many differ- ent tones and infiections the human voice is capable of, and how soon a child learns to tell by our voices, whether we are feeling x sad or glad, pleasantor ill-natured, and gov- ern themselves accordinglyf.’ VVho is there who does not know how very easily one unkind word, or look even, may damp or completely extinguish in a single minute, the happy anticipations of perhaps many days? Soon the little one learns to classify objects, as regards their purposes and uses, to notice their difference, as regards color, form, size and shape. My experience for the past few years, has convinced me that to teach them to cultivate the eye, at this period of their lives, is of the highest im- portance; also to help them to cultivatea retentive memory, by treasuring up what they hear, with all the details, the place, the surroundings, and the exact likeness of the actor or speaker, to whom they are in- debted for their materials. In the meantime, let every mother keep her child’s love and confidence as long as possible, and to do this, we need to keep our own hearts young. Let them feel that mother sympathizes with them, in all their childish thoughts and feelings, all their little joys and sorrows. Ah! the love’ of a. child is a precious thing, and not to be lightly cast aside. Let their memories of homebe pleasant ones. Gold may be lav- ished upon splendid structures, but it can- not purchasathe atmosphere of peace, that pervades many a humble home. One of the deepest thinkers of our age was not far from right, when he said: “Give me the entire control of a child during the first seven years of its life, and I defy all the world to counteract my influence.” Every one should and can in this age, provide their children with suitable books, and papers as well, not leaving them to se- lect their own reading matter, promiscu- ously, until they have acquired a taste for healthful reading, that which combines in- struction with amusement. I am at a loss for words to express my abhorrence of a certain class of reading, which so often finds its Way into the hands of the young, vitiating their tastes, poison- ing their minds, and rendering them totally unfit for a life, which we find to be so real. Thoroughness in education is necessary to success, now-a-days, no matter what we undertake or how high we aim! To be successful socially, which I some- times think quite as important in its place, one needs to have cultivated literature and the graces of conversation, to be men and Women of culture, and Withal to possess a nature at once broad and generous, whose soul the constant Wear and friction of life does not make narrow and selfish. And here let mesay, it is plain that the question of co-education-—that is, the teach- ing of young men and women together in the college, as they are taught in the Acad- emy and common school, has taken hold of the public mind with a grasp that amaze- ment, and contempt, and incredulity and bigotry, at least, cannot shake off‘. In conclusion, let me say that, although too much cannot be said in favor of the ed- ucational system of to-day, yet how many, who have climbed the dizzy hights of learn- ing, fail to be satisfied with that for which they have toiled! Fame and the laurel Wreath may have been theirs, but sometime in their lives, every human heart feels the need of a loving faith, that faith which looks out from the present, with its hard, cold facts, to the Eternal love, which governs all lots, and which will redeem all its prom- ises to those who trust it, filling the heart with patience and cheerfulness and peace. EMMA L. CRANE. PALMYRA, Mich., Jan., 1882. The Rights of Women to Be Heard. It is now more than thirty years ago, near the beginning of the great anti-slavery movement, that the agitators of that movement decided to hold a world’s anti- slavery convention in London, England. The United States sent thither their dele- gates, and among those chosen delegates were two women, Lucretia Mott and Eliza- beth Cady Stanton. The United States del- egates arrived in London in due time and presented themselves at the convention. But something awaited them that they had not thought of. It would not do for women to sit as delegates in a convention of men- the like had never been heard of. After consuming a great deal of time in discussing the subject, those noble women, having the interests of humanity at heart, willing to endure the labor and bear the scoffs and cruel opposition incident to the time and cause, were denied the privilege for which they, with their husbands, had been sent! And why? beca se women must not be heard. During their stay in London Mrs. Mott and Stanton, with their husbands, held frequent conversations upon the subject, and fully comprehending the injustice done them, on their return home these men and women decided to hold a women’s rights conven- tion for the purpose if possible of :mcertaln- ing what rights women really did possess, and what rights she ought to possess——the fundamental principle being, the right of women to be heard. Well, after overcom- ing great opposition, the convention was held at Ithica, N. Y., not because public opinion conceded woman’s right to be heard, but because a strong sense of justice demanded that she should be heard. That convention; was the stepping-stone to the women’s suffrage movement, and what has been the result? The slow but sure ad- vancement of woman from a mere house- hold drudge. She has come up to stand on an equal educational platform with man, as his compeer in science and the arts, and in reformatory and religious work she has performed what. thirty years ago, would have been thought impossible, And all this has been accomplished, not because public opinion granted her the right to be heard, but because she womd be heard. She has a will, you know_ Now readers, do not imagine that the present status of woman has been reached without hard labor. Women who have had the work at heart have endured the most cruel opposition. Some have even been imp:-is. oned for the cause of women’s advancement. Convention after conven tion has been called consuming time, labor, and money, which this noble and always increasing army of women workers have borne almost alone. F01‘ many years past they have held con- ventions at Washington at the same time Congress was in session for the purpose of presenting their petitions to Congress, and now for the first time in all these years the Forty» Seventh Congress ofthis great republic of America has granted women the right to be heard, and has appointed a committee to hear their petitions. VVell, this is another step in advance. In the year 1855, or near that time a na- tional temperance convention was called to convene in the city of New York. Among the delegates chosen and sent was the Rev. Antionette L. Brown. She Went to the convention expecting to have the same rights and privileges as other delegates. Supported by such men as Wendell Phil- lips, Garrett Smith, Charles Sumner and other liberal men, but immediately on being called to the platform a commotion arose; a woman wished to speak——that must not be, she shall not be heard, and the cries of "Put her down! put her down” nearly created a mob, and the same scene was repeated at every session of that convention until she was entirely ruled out Without having raised her voice to speak. We would like our readers to answer tho question, Who raised the mob, the woman who desired to speak in a good cause, or was it man’s determination to rule woman ? Coming down the ladder of time to within three years of the present time a woman of VVashington, Mary Clemmer, who is a watcher and writer of the doings of Con- gress, had occasion to say what she deemed truth in regard to Gen. Grant and his third term prospects through the New York Inde- pendent. Men read her views and immedi- ately set to work to put her down. She re- ceived insulting letters from men of all ranks in life, the clergy included, who gave her to understand that women have no rights to meddle in politics, and the Independent was assailed and ordered to shut that women’s month. But that paper refused by saying, “ We will not shut Mrs. Clemmer’s mouth. She may say what she pleases or what she thinks ought to be said.” The above circumstances among others too numerous to mention, ought to convince us that we must needs expect strong opposi- tion in our efforts to shake off‘ the manacles of barbarism that have held women subject to man’s caprice. Uncle Si is amused at the way the women “ pitch into each other.” Well, Uncle Si, we expect opposition from our own sex, be- cause, you know, men have educated wom- en for their own purpose without allowing them the privilege of free speech-—they hav- ing done all the talking-—and to correct the effect of a bad education is hard work, and this is where the opposition comes in. A very worthy man said to me, “ If women got the right of franchise do you think they would agree?” I replied, "Perhaps as well as men do, and that is all that men can reasonably expect.” Variety in method promotes the cause of justice by calling forth conflicting opinions which all tend to the same end. Uncle Si also provides a scare-crow in the guillotine as used in ages gone by in so-called infidel France, perhaps to silence women. Well, as we understand the subject it was not in- fidel France that guillotined women, but Christian France under Catholic rule of church and State. Infidelity is a word witha vague, indefinite signification, but whatever its true meaning is the women of France enjoy-more liberty than any other nation of the earth, and consequently are more exalted in general intelligence. We have had some excellent articles in the VISI- TOR on the subject of equal rights for wom- en and we hope such reading will encour- age thoughtful women to enquire into the subject, so that we can have union in women’s work for women. - MRS. A. L. PALMER. , What a Sister Says of the Grange. Brother Cobb.-—I should send you reports of home and County Gran’ges, essays and papers to help the hard work of the editor of our excellent VISITOR, but my time is so fully occupied with writing Grange and lit- erary work ln addition to that of house- keeping that it seems impossible. Our county delegates, brother and sister Cody, visited our Grange, Redford, No. 367, at our installation Jan. 7th, and each gave ashort but interesting report of the work of the State Grange, and our annual word, which is splendid, Our Grange has adopted it .'g .5». FEBRUARY 15, 1882. .,-~.-. . ...........’ v _______.j____.__________ for its battle-cry the coming year and we trust for years to come. We have installed for Master, L. E. VVright, a young man who with his mother and brother have stood by our Grange staunch friends .through its darkest days, and “happy are we” to now place him at the head. There are no third terms with us. Each Master has served two years, and gladly given place to a successor, believing that a longer service is injustice to individ- uals and detrimental to the Grange. New oflices like new clothes give freshness and a renewed impetus to the work. We gave them a cordial, home-like recep- tion in our hall, which is more like a home than a hall, with its parlor and dining room connected by folding doors—its ample ante- room and dish and silver closet. The 13th, in company with Brother and Sister Cady and daughter and the Coun- ty Lecturer, A. T. Bradner,we visited Center ‘Grange, N o. 298, where we met Master 0. R. Patingell, of VVayne Pomona, who acted as installing officer and were cordially received in their ample hall, which is decorated with the noble mottoes of our Order, in colored letters on its white walls, that they may be always in view to remind us of our work. After the work of the evening, short speeches were called for from each visitor, and a recitation by our young elocutionist, Miss Maud Cady, who was again called out, and Grange closed with a bountiful supper- more than bountiful, for to the oysters were added a loaded table of dainties—too much, I say. Sister Newton, we make by this over- bounty our feasts of pleasure, a weariness and pain. MRS. E. P. F. BRADNER. SAND HILL, Wayne Co., Mich., Jan. 19th, 1882. What Shall We Eat and Drink’! This is an important question, and one which we should all better understand. It is very important that our food should be of a quality that Will build up and strengthen every portion of the body. Now, that we may do this, we must have a variety ; we need not have our tables loaded with every- thing at once, but have a change in some way every day. It is said of bread that it is the staflf‘ of life, and so it is, as it contains a larger portion of the elements that make up the structure of the human body than any other one kind of food. Then how necessary that we have good bread, and of difierent kinds .’ One will tire of a single variety in a short time, so a change is necessary. Use Graham and corn meal bread, not fine flour all of the time. We should also use oat meal frequent- ly; it is wonderfully good to build up the system and give color to the poor pale check. It is said to possess strengthening properties nearly equal to good beef. But we want something to eat with our bread: what shall this be ? It must consist of agood variety of vegetables and fruits, for no one can have good health any length of time without them, for our system re- quires this vegetable diet. Now, right here, I want to say that I believe it to be the im- perative duty of every family to have a garden, where they can have a good variety of vegetables to use, as occasion may require, through the hot summer months, as much as it is their duty toprovide bread; and I also believe that the good housewife should see that her table be well supplied with the products of the garden. Have cooked or raw vegetables or fruit every day in the year, if possible, as the health of the family depends on it. It isafact beyond dispute that we as a people are killing ourselves by eating and drinking. You can hardly find _a young person who hasn't dyspepsia in some form or other now-a-days. it didn’t use to be so. VVhy? Because they didn’t eat so much pie and cake; neither did they drink tea or coffee as now. So you see how very essen- tial it is that we should supply our tables with good, wholesome food, and see that our children eat it, and that they are not en- couraged to make a meal of pie and cake, or coffee, and cookies or crackers. Such food will soon destroy the appetite for plainer vlctuals, and then look out for dis- ease, for just as soon as the stomach becomes overtaxed or overworked it cannot digest what we eat. and the food is either rejected or must lie in the stomach and decay, thus destroying all the elements that should go to make blood. Then how necessary that we keep the great workshop, the stomach, in good running order! One thing is sure: if we want to be healthy and have healthy children, we must be more temperate in our habits, eat plain, but good healthy food, drink but little or no tea or coffee, and use a good deal of milk, both for drinking and in cooking. I think if we were to follow this plan we might all have better health. We are sorry to say that so little attention is paid to cooking as affecting health. I think but few stop to consider whether this or that is healthy or not, but go to work and make their pie-crust half grease, or put so much shortening’ in their cake that it can’t stand. Just the same with buscuit; and we might go on with a. long list, but will not. Yet these same persons wonder why it is that they have so much trouble with their stomachs, can’t keep their food down; it sours, or they have heart-burn. So they re- sort to all sorts of stomach oorrectors for relief, but relief is but of short duration un- TEE: GRANGE VESEEQE9 less they change their mode of living. It is the things we eat that make our blood, and the blood is the life of the body; if it is kept rich and pure by eating and drinking good food, we should have very little sickness compared to what we now have. So for the sake of health why not abandon the practice of making such rich and unhealthy vict- uals? Who can be happy without health ‘.’ AUNT KATE. Eartha’ epattment. WATCH YOUR WORDS. Keep a watch on your words, my darling, For words are wonderful things: They are sweet, like the bees’ fresh honey——- Like the bees, they have terrible stings; They can bless, like the warm, glad sunshine, And brighten a. lonely life; They can cut, in the strife of anger, Like an open two-edged knife. Let them pass through your lips unchallenged, If their errand is true and kind-— If they come to support the weary, ‘ To comfort and help the blind; If a bitter, revengefu spirit Prompt the words, let them be unsaid; They may flash through a brain like lightning, Or fall on a heart like lead. Keep them back, if they're cold and cruel, Under bar and lock and seal; The wounds they make, my darlings, Are always slow to heal. Ma peace guard your lives, and ever, mm the time of your early youth, May the words that you daily utter Be the words of beautiful truth. — The Parts}/. Aunt Nina’s Bow. Dear Nieces and Ncphews .-—As introduc- ed to you by Mr. Editor I step forward and make my bow. And as I salute you I feel that we meet for our mutual good. Do you notice that I speak first to the nieces‘? You surely know why. They have been the ones who have stood by and with their let- ters have filled the column assigned to the youth. And right here let me call your attention to the word youth as defined by VVebster: “ That part of life that succeeds childhood ;” and your Uncle Nine in his letter to you last June, says this column is intended for those between the ages of 14 and 20, and won’t you for whom it is intended write for us ? Read the letter from your Uncle to which I have referred and follow his advice. Take a subject, something you know about, or a little study won’t hurt you, and write for us all you know about it. It is proba- bly something we don't know as much about as you do. And one word to the nephews. We do want to hear from you. You are always do- ing something of interest to yourselves, and surely it would be as interesting to us. Your Uncle deserted you from some cause, perhaps, as Ella Spaulding says. “to finish his education,” and if you don't want your Aunt to leave you too, let her have a warm welcome in the shape of goodfcarefully written letters, and plenty of them from all the youth. AUNT NINA. ________.__._ Aunt Nma’s Friends. Dear Uncle .N/lne.--—I will write a few lines in the Youth’s department‘ of the VISITOR. I enjoy reading the letters from young friends, but this week I saw that Sunflower was left all alone, and she a new corres- pondent too, so I thought I would try and keep her company. I think her story very nice. I think young people could find a good subject to write upon, it‘ they would take their own county for one. I live in Crawford county, Northern Michigan. It is quite new, being only eight years since the first settlers came here. I think it a very beautiful country with its evergreens the year around, and in the winter they look like spow balls. Then it is so delight- ful in the summer to ride over the plains, down the hills and through the valleys. And then it is so nice to go out and pick whortleberries, everywhere they grow in abundance on all grounds that have not been cultivated. The most beautiful flowers grow wild here that I ever saw, among them all my favorite is the Trailing Arbutus. Be- fore the snow is off the ground. the Arbutus is in full bloom. Just imagine a nice grove of evergreens with the earth carpeted with Trailing Arbutus, interspersed with winter- greens loaded with red berries, and you can have a faint imagination of what our coun- try is as soon as the snow leaves us. VVe never have any mud here. The land is high and rolling, with sand and gravel soil. We are having good sleighing here at present. _ I presume it would be quite a treat to to most of my young friends if they could look out and see a beautiful herd of deer. I enjoy that treat quite often and would never tire of it, but I am afraid it will be of short duration, as the hunters come in here every fall and kill them ofl‘ by the hundreds. Oh, I will tell you, people here call every- where south of Bay City outside, so we here live inside. Young friends, write often. Your atfectpnate neice, LINA. Cheney, Crawford.Co., Jan. 23, 1882. Uncle Nine .-—The air tells us “There’s grief and there's gladness, there's joy and there's sadness;” and I think we would have more “joy and gladness” if some of .1-....‘.._-_.. 7 our young folks would write for this col- umn, and there will be “grief and sadness" if Bro. Cobb takes our departmefht away from us, just while we are talking about it. Oh! oh! “Granger Girl,” I beg your par- don for that. By the way, “ Pretty-by-Night,” just de- scribe “Granger Girl" for us, and “Sweet Brier,” too. But I can imagine just how “Sweet Briar” looks. I guess she is just about as tall as I am, and just about as big asI am, and her eyes are just about the color of mine, and her hair is just about like mine. and she wears it down her back just about as I do, and after all I do not imagine she looks much like me. How near have I described you, “Sweet Briar?” Come,“Pretty-by-Night.” do wake up and describe “Granger Girl” for us; just between you and me, I am very much afraid of her for she scolds so about slang. I would like to ask her if she dances but hardly dare. Pretty, do you dance? But perhaps our new Uncle will not be as lenient as our dear old Uncle Nine, so I will close, for fancy paints a yawning waste basket in the near distance for such scribes as I. BENTON HARBOR. Pearl Grange. SUNSET ON THE HYMALAYAS. BY M. H. H. Can it be the gates are opened, And that strangely rosy light is reflected from that City Over which there fallscuo night? I am sure those radiant colors, Softly blending in the sky, Are reflections of the bulwarks Of those mountains built on high; And that stream of golden glory, With its beauties all untold, Is a glow that shineth downward From the pathways paved with gold; And that stream of silvery radiance, Oh, I'm sure that it must be But the sheen of wave and ripple On the shining, crystal sea! Then I think, when evening closes And the twilight fades to night- When the sun has journeyed onward And has vanished from our sight- That the waiting guardian angel Must have closed those gates so bright, Closed the pearly gates and left us Outside, in the gathering night. This is what I dreamed at sunset, When the day-time sank to rest; Then I had another vision- It, the brightest and the best. In that vision back I wandered To the fair J udean hill, Where there echoes still that chorus, “Peace on earth, joy and goodwill!” Gone the darkness from the hill-top, And the dewy mountain side Sparkles with a blaze of glory From the portals opened Wide- Opened wide, forever opened; He whom God had deigned to send, He uubarred the heavenl gateway That is open to the en . Not for sunrise, not for sunset Of a quickly-ending day; ’Twas the dawning of a day-time That has never passed away. Earthly suns must fade in darkness, Earthly twilights end in night; There's a day for God's beloved-— God himself makes endless light. THE REAPER, DEATH. WORDEN—WHEREAB, it has pleased the Great Master of the universe to remove from our midst Sister Angeline Worden: we acknowledge the justice of Him who holds the world in the hollow of his hand, and bow in submission to the mandates of his divine will; therefore, Resolved, That in the death of our sister, Grand Ledge Grange has lost a worthy member, and this community a quiet, peaceful citizen. Resolved, That we extend to our deeply afflicted brother and family our heartfelt sympathy, realizing with them how powerless words are to heal, or earth- ly bands to relieve this afiliction. Resolved, That a copy of, these resolutions be spread upon our record, and that a copy be sent to the GRANGE VISITOR for publication. “Death's but apath that must be trod If man would ever pass to God, A port of calms, a state of ease, From the rough rage of swelling seas. All heads must come To the silent tomb, Only the actions of the just Smell sweet and blossom in the dust.” Mas. L. P. WALDO, Mas. S. BARTON, H. SHIPMAN, ATWOOD—Died Dec. 31st, 1881, at his home in the town of Clinton, Macomb Co., Hiram D. At- wood, aged 41 years, a charter member of Mt. Clemens Grange, No. 637. WHEREAS, Our kind and heavenly Father has re- moved from our midst one of our charter members, our worthy Treasurer, therefore, Resolved, That our charter be draped in mourning for thirty da s. . Resolved, That in the death of Bro. Atwood the family is bereft of a kind and affectionate husband and father, and the Grange has lost one of its most faithful laborers. Resolved, That we deeply feel the loss of Brother Atwood, at our meetings in our council, and at our fraternal gatherings. Resolved, That we extend to the family our heart- felt sympath . Resolved, T7hat.a copy of these resolutions be pre- sented to the family, be spread upon the records of this Grange, and one oifered the GRANGE Vrsrron for publication. Resolved,0That the oflice of overseer remains va- cant until the next meeting. T. J. SHOEMAKEB, A. H. CANFIELD, Mas. M. R. Lrrrnn. Com. n SAYLES.—Died January 24th, 1882, at his resi- dence, Mr. James K. Sayles, aged 50 years, a mem- ber of Enterprise Grange, N o. 181. We are called upon to mourn the loss of’ a worthy brother, for the first time in the nine years of our organization. Brother sayles was for years a heroic sufferer, but as we all must yield at last to the inevitable, so his spirit crossed the dark waters that separate us from the land of rest. Bro Sayles left a wife and son to mourn the loss of a kind husband and an af- fectionate father, also three adopted daughters, thus leaving the bright inscription on the tablet of his life work—“I was thirsty, and ye gave me water to drink. huh and ye gave me broad to eat, naked a.nd"ye clot ed me, sick and ye administered unto me The beautiful and impressive burial service of the _?j_,j______ . Order was observed as we rendered this last service to the person of our departed brother. Th; Grange by resolution ordered a copy of this obituary notice sent to the Austin Register, Wis- consin Bulletin, and GRANGE Visrroa, for publica- tion. Homes GREEN, EMELINE VAaco, JOHN C. HAwxrNs, Com. YA'I‘ES.——Again the Destroyer has. entered our midst. Death is a cruel visitor under all circum- stances, but particularly painful to the Order of Pa- trons of Husbandry in the death of Brother WILLIAM YA'l'Es, of Bloomer. Brother Yates died at his home on the 23d of January, 1882, of typhoid pneumonia. Our brother was cut off in the‘prime of life, in the midst of a useful and active career. While liv- ing he gained for himself the love and respect of all with whom he came in contact. The following resolutions were adopted by Mont- calm county Pomona Grange, No. 24: Resolved, That it is with feelings of deep sorrow that we hear of the death of Brother Yates. Resolved, That in his death the Order of Patrons of Husbandry has lost a much-loved, respected and useful member, and has sustained an almost irrepar- able blow. Resolved, That we extend to the afllicted relatives and friends of our deceased brother, our heartfelt sympathy. Resolved, That the chair f Overseer be draped in mourning, and remain vaca tfor the remainder of the year. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be sent to the family of our departed brother and :1 copy to the Greenville papers and the GRANGE Vrsrroa for publication ; also, that they be entered on the records of this Pomona Grange. Srsraa ELVA RossnAN, SISTER ELIZABETH DIVINE. BROTHER W. DIVINE, Baornaa WM. TAYLOR, Bnornnn F. S. SHARP, Committee. HAYS.-—WzranEAs, By the inscrutable providence of God our worthy brother, ALEXANEEB. HAYS, has been removed from among us by death; therefore be it Resolved, By Commerce Grange, N o. 328, that by this severe dispensation, involving the loss of a most worthy Patron and former eflicient officer of this Grange, we are ailiicted beyond the power of more words to express. Resolved, That we fully sympathize with our brother’s children, now left without a head; there is a vacancy in that family that cannot be supplied, and we recommend them to remember and heed his words of wisdom, to profit by his fatherl counsel, to imitate his pleasing ways and his unfailing virtue. Resolved, That by this event we are admonished, for the third time within a year, that our brightest and best are falling around us, that we must set our house in order and be also ready for the relentless sickle that‘ pities not nor spares. Our brother will not come again to us, but we shall go to him, where we shall find him watching and waiting for us. Resolved, That the burial of our brother is like seed sown in good ground. We loosen the soil, we bury the seed, but when life seems extinct a fuller and richer existence begins anew, and we find first the blade, then the ear, and then the full corn in the ear. Resolved, That our hall be draped in mourning for our brother during the term of two months. 0 Resolved, That these resolutions be spread upon the record of this Grange, that a copy of them be furnished our brother's family, and that they be published in the GRANGE Vrsrroa and in the Pontiac papers. \Ve cannot toll in vain ; Cold, heat, and moist and dry Shall foster and mature the grain. Till garnered in the sky. SLOAN Coonar, A. H. PADDOCK, Mas. A. S. PADDOCK, Committee. ,B1-LOOKS.-Died at his home in Danby, J an. 2, 1882, CHARLES S. Bsooks, a worthy member of Dan- by Grange, No. 185. At a regular meeting of that Grange, held Jan. 25, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : Resolved, That in the death of Brother Brooks Danby Grange has lost one of its most valuable mem- bers, one who was ever ready to perform any work assigned to hirr. Resolved, That we tender our heartfelt sympathy to the bereaved family and relatives of our departed brother. Resolved, That our charter be draped in mourning for thirty days. Resolved, That a. copy of these resolutions be spread at large upon the records of this Grange, that a copy be sent to the GRANGE Vrsrroiz and the Port- land Observer for publication, and that a duly at- tested copy. under seal, be tendered to the family of our brother. J. WARREN PEAKE, . Anmson Rrcn, D. G. Gurnroan, Committee. I IN GERSOLL.——Died in the town of Cheshire, Allegan county, Mich., on the 19th of January, 1882, Brother COLONEL INGEBBOLL, at the age of 22 years. Bro. Ingersoll was a member of Woodman Grange, N 0. 610, which adopted the following preamble and resolutions 2 ’ WHEREAS, A beloved brother, with whom we have long been associated, has been removed from us by death; therefore Resolved, That in the death of Bro. Ingersoll this Grange has lost a worthy member, the Order a true friend, and the community a good citizen ; and that we are again reminded of the frailty of life, and that it becomes us,to be diligent, doing our life-work cheerfully and well, that we mayfever be ready to respond to the call of our divine aster. Resolved, That this Grange, in memory of our departed brother and as an evidence of our sympathy with the bereaved relatives, drape its charter in mourning for sixty days. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be presented to the near relatives of the deceased, and one to the GRANGE Vrsrroa for publication. A. Winter, Enwm MASON, Lucv M. Huurnanv, Committee. Woodman Grange Hall, Feb. 4, 1882. RICE.—The reaper of life's harvest still continues to gather in his ripened sheaves. And among those called to labor in the Great Grange above, is our Worthy Brother Russnm. RICE, who died Oct. 23, 1881, at his home in Coldwater township. WHEREAS, The family of Bro. Rice has lost a kind and devoted husband, an affectionate father; the community an exemplary citizen, and the Grange a consistent member ; therefore be it Resolved, That we as 21. Grange unite in expressing our heartfelt sympathy with the bereaved wife and children in this their great afiiiction. Resolved, That these resolutions be spread u on the records of the Grange, that a copy be furnis ed our bereaved sister, and also that a copy be sent to the GRANGE Vrsrroa for publication. _A L. Smrn, Gno. A. RUSSELL, CAROLINE Fauna, Committee. Girard Grange, No. 136, Feb. 8, 1882. . MICHIGAN is the ninth State in-popula- tion, and the 20th in area. It is the first in the production of copper and lumber; third in the production of salt, and third in hops and buckwhea . Alabastine Is the only preparation based on the proper principles to constitute a durable finish for walls, as it is not held on the wall with glue, etc., to decay, but is a Stone Ce- ment that hardeus with age, and every ad- ditional coat strengthens the wall. Is ready for use by adding hot water, and easily ap- plied by anyone. Fifty cents’ worth of ALABASTINE will cover 50 square yards of average wall with two coats: and one coat will produce better work than can be done with one coat of any uther pre aration on the same surface. For sa e by paint dealers everywhere. Send for circular containin the twelve beautiful tints. Manufactured only by AL- ABASTINE Co. ’ M. B. CHURCH, Manager, Grand Rapids, Mich. ElElDDUARTERS Puiliifi PLASTER LOREN DAY, Grandville, Mich., Is pre ared to furnish LAND PLASTER, fresh oun , at contract prices, made with the Executive ommittee of the State Grange. A large stock on hand of pure, finely-ground LAND _PLASTER. Send me your Orders direct. janl-ly LOREN DAY. Fisl1’s iannerican Mzlriuul of PARLIAMENTARY LAW Is the cheapest and best. The subject is made so lain that every Citizen or Society member should ave a copy. Circular of commendation free. Price by mail pre- paid; cloth, 50 cents; leather tucks, 81.00. Postage stamps received. Address, J. T. Cons, Schoolcraft, or (3 E0. '1‘. FISH. (Mention this paper.) Rocnissraa, N. Y. A. VANDENBERG, MANUFACTURER, WHOLESALE AND Rnran. DnALxa IN HARNESS, WHIPS, BLANKETS, TRUNKS, 810., 92 Monroe Street. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. I take pleasure in presentingto your favorable con- sideration my CASH PRICE LIST of Harness Work --HAND MADE——all of my own manufacture, and also to return thanks for the liberal atronage l have received from the different Granges t roughout Mich- i an. I shall do in the future as in the past—furnish t e best goods for the least money. Farm Harness, White Trimmed Breeching, Round Lines, Snaps, Rum Straps, and spread rings, complete, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$29 00 The same without Breeching, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 26 00 “ “ with flat Lines, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28 00 “ " “ “ “ without bx-eeching,. . 2-5 00 Double Light Buggy Harness, white trimmed, from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325 to 30 00 The same, Nickle Trimmed, from . . . . ..835 to 50 00 Single Buggy Harness, with round lines, white trimmed, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 13 00 Same with flat lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 00 Nickle Trimmed, . . . . . . .315, S16, 818, $20 and 25 00 ALL ORDERS RECEIVED UNDER SEAL OF THE GRANGE will be shipped at once, and may be returned at my expense if not entirely satisfactory. Address all orders to Yours very respectfully, A. VANDENBERG, 92 Moxaoa S-ranar. GaANn Raps. FENNO & MANNING, W001 COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 117 Federal St., Boston. Consignments solicited and cash Advances Made. Grand Ra ids, Michigan, is the most popular agricul- tural and amily paper published. This widely circula- ted paper,now in its sixth volume,is published weekly, and sent to subscribers at 81.50 a year including postage. Every number contains 8 pages, 40 col- umns of practical agricultural and family reading matter, including full reports of the West Michigan Farmers’ Club, of which it is the oflicial organ. The publishers offer for the next thirty days to send on receipt of 82.00 TEE Wonnn for one year and a copy of "Our Farmer's Account Book," containing 212 pages on fine Ledger paper, a comprehensive sys- tem of book keeping adapted to the wants of practi- cal farmers everywhere. Over 80,000 of these books have been sold within the last year, and in many m- stances farmers have paid itinerant book agents as high as three dollars for them. Every farmer should have one of these account books, but we advise them to send direct to the AGarcur.ruaAr. Woatn, Grand Rapids, Mich., and receive the account book and THE WORLD for one year for less than the book costs alone. Tm»: Woman and Grange Visitor one year. and the account book, $2.50. Don't fail to mention this paper when writing. Address, F. M. CARROLL. Publishers, GnANn RAPIDS, Mich. German Horse and (low Powders. This powder has been in use for many years. It Y is lar a used by the farmers of Pennsylvania, and the atrons of that State have bought over 100,000 poundrthrough their purchasing agents. Its compo- sition is no secret. The receipt is on every box and 5-pound package. It is made by Dr. L. Oberholtzei-’s Sons & Co.,,Phoenixville, Pa. t keeps stock healthy and in good condition. It helps to digest and assimi- late the food. Horses will do more work, with less food while using it. Cows will give more milk and be in better condition. It keeps poultry healthy, and increases the production of eg . It 15 also of great value to them when moltin . fiat is sold at the lowest wholesale price I: R. 1%. JAMES, KALAIAZOO, GEO. W. HILL lg 00., 80 Woomanmen S12. Dn- raorr, THUS. MASON, 181 WArxn S1-., 0310400, and ALBERT STEGEMAN, ALLEGAN. Put up in 60-lb. boxes (loose), price Exam Cams per 1b.. 30-lb. boxes (of 6 5-11). packages, Tint Cmcrs per lb. GRAPE VINES. All Leadl Varl ti 1 largesup ly. Warranted truetonaiixie. rf-ic$i3w. Alsofthe celebrated NEW WHITE GRAPE. gggmruss Send stamp for Price and Descriptive List-. Also F its. etc. _ T. 8. IIUBBAHD, Fredoma. N. Y. nov.1-yl. ‘- #77 "‘ . and skimming the cream TEE GRANGE VISITOR. (Continued from Fifth Page.) of sewer tile. The efl”'ect of frost or wet on common drain tile is to destroy them. I do not expect, Mr. President, that every farmer is to rush for the tile yard and buy tile for twenty acres of his farm to-day. I do not expect that any man is to do such a work without counting the cost. I do hope that there are men who will count the cost, who will sit down and figure on the profits of high farming, and I may add on the losses of poor farming: I hope some day it may be done in our presence. If I can in- duce one man to really kee an account with his stifl’ clay farm, I sh l have induc- edhlm to either underdrain or leave his farm. I do not expect the man who is clearing his farm to underdrain it. I do not expect the man who is dig ing out stumps mm the soil to underdrain, but I do insist that it is greatly for‘ the interest of the part who succeeds him—who comes upon the and when it is really ready for the plow—to underdrain. To work such land without draining is to undertake to make an auger-hole with a gimlet. It is work by hand as against ma- chinery. It is strug ling for life against odds—-the leading a ife of worry for the man,‘and driving the wife to the insane asylum, for it is from the farmers’ homes that the greatest per cent of women are sent to the insane asylums. Men and women are willing to work for pay, but this eternal struggle for life, this poverty, this working for no ay, this strug- gletopay for the land, an this finding that, as the family increases and the neces- sary expenses become greater and greater, that the income is lessened or variable, with good crops one year and a failure the next,- I say such a struggle is enough to take the life out of—a man and drive the worn-out woman to insanity. This is not an overdrawn account. We have all seen it. A stump speaker tells us at every election that the whole world rests on the farmers’ shoulders; that they are the “ bone and sinew ” of the country, and too many swallow it as a compliment. The “b;-ne and sinew! ” Yes, sir, the “bone and sinew! ” Mr. President, no one of them has ever said they are the brains of the world, .I would have them add to the bone and sinew the brain. Bone and sinew are cheap, and the stump speaker knows it. It is brains our farmers want. “ The world rests on them,”—perhaps it does—but put a farmer in any place but the Garden of Eden and he would be found perfectly helpless without a mechanic at his hand. Gentle- men, the old adage says, “The best manure is the owner's foot,” which I suppose means toil, diligence, and thorough over- sight on his part. To this must be added intelligence and skill, or the very essence of that manure is lost. The most essential thing to do on clay soil is to underdrain. AT a recent examination in a girl's school, the question was put to a class of little ones: “Who makes the laws of our government?” “Congress,”,was the ready reply. “ How is congress divided?” was the next question. A little girl in the class raised her hand. “Well,” said the examiner, “Miss Sallie, what do you say the answer is?” Instantly, with an air ofconfldence as well as triumph, the answer came: “Civilized, half civilized and savage.” NOTICES OF MEETINGS. The Clinton County Pomona Grange will meet at the Keystone Grange Hall at 11 o'clock on Wednesday, March 1. All are cordiullv invited to attend. FRANK CONN, Sec’y. The next meeting of Kent County Pomo- na Grange, No. 18, will be held at Grand Rapids on Wednesday, March 1. All fourth degree members invited. 0 W. T. REMINGTON, Sec’y. The next meeting of St. Joseph County Pomona Grange will be held in the hall of White Pigeon Grange on Thursday, March 2. The program is a good one and we hope to have a good attendance of members of the Order. SAM’L Amer-:v1N1-3, Sec’y. The next meeting of Branch Co. Pomona Grange, No. 22, will be entertained by Quincy Grange at their hall in the village of Quincy on Wednesday, the 1st day of March, 1882. Meeting will be called to order at 10 A. M. sharp. . Morning session: Opening Grange to be followed by the regular business and reports from Subordinate Granges. Afternoon ses- sion : Grange called to order at 1§o’c1ock, open session. Question—Has Congress the power to control and regulate inter-State commerce ?—by C. G. Luce, Master of State Grange. Essay—Which is the best place for keeping milk or butter, above or below round‘? -- by Sister Noble of Quincy range. Lecture by the Worthy Overseer, “Insects in'urious to vegetation.” y by Sister orton of Coldwater Grange. Question, “In what manner can we best bear witness of the value of -the Grange ‘l’’— by Bro. A. Luce of Gilead Grange. “ Trav- els in the Old World ”-—by Bro. H. D. Pes- sell. The exercises to be interspersed with music by the Quincy Grange choir. Members of the Order are cordially invi- ted. H. D. Pnssnn, Lect. The next regular meeting of Barry county Pomona Grange will be held with Thorn- apple Grange, at their hall in the . vil lags of Middleville, on the fourth Thursday (the 23d) of February, at 10 o'clock "sharp. All fourth-degree members in good standing are cordially invited to be present. The program prepared for the occasion is as follows— : Opening the Grange. Reports of standing committees. Reports from Subordinate Granges. Music by the choir. Discussion—subJect: Sugar-cane, its cul- tivation and the manufacture of sugar and ' syn-up.—0pened by Bro. Geo. Brainard. Question~What profit is there in fatten- ing stock for market ?—discussion opened by Bro. J. B. Bray. Music. A Recess. Why are the profits of the agriculturalists so small compared with the profits from other investments?-=—Bro. J. M. Willisson. Mind vs. Musole—recltatlon -by Bro. A. Parker. - _ EVENING alissloil. su tions for the good of the Order. App lcations for membership. Conferring the degree of Pomona. ‘ A. PARKER, Sec’y. H ‘~.i,fi.J,.§.,,, . --o...-_~. » I ATRONS’ MANUFACTURERS OF |ngerso||’s Pure Heady,-mixed Paints. Send for color-card and Prices. W . A c m E CREAMER & BUTTER COOLER A combination that will produce an even grade of Butter. winter and summer. No Ice re- quired. Saves two—thirds the labor. It will save its cost twice the first season. A RESPONSI- BLE AGENT wanted where an Agent is not located. Correspondence Send for CIR- CULARS and PRICE-LIST. solicited. MCCALL & DUNCAN, G. W. Hunt, Mattawan, Van Buren County. W. P. Herd, Lowell, Kent County. A. H. Smith, Sparta, “ “ Charles E. Thornton, Rockford, Kent County. Charles Pittman. Middleville. Barry County. A. Stegeman, Allegan, Alleg-an County. D. P. Newton, Watson, *‘ “ Simeon Staring, Ganges, “ " E. J. McNaughton. Cooperville, Ottawa County. Gntelius Snyder, Three Rivers, St. Joseph -‘ Williams & Hartshorn. Owosso, Shiawassee County. 0. C. Spaulding, Royalton, Berrien County. P. W. Watts. Chelsea. West Washtenaw County. John Wiebe, Bear Lake, Manistee County. AGENTS: TNT on Schoolcraft, Mich. “,;'E;:’f_;;'; B. J. Wily. Mottville, St. Joseph County. G. M. Gardner, Litchfield, Hillsdale County. J. A. Johnson, Vicksburg, Kalamazoo County. George Bakrr, Buchanan, Berrien County. H. C. Call, Glass River, Shiawassee County. Wm. S. Palmer, Lansing. Ingham County. William Spalding, Hoytville, Eaton County. Union Wind Mill Co., Albion, Jackson County. The Bird Wind Mill Co., Kalamazoo. Kal’zoo Co. Charles North, Trent, Muskegon and Newaygo Co. Nathan Winslow, Williamstown, Ingham Connty. C. H. Eames, Grand Blanc. S. E. Genesee Co. John Grose, Moorepark, St. Joseph Co. GRANGE J EWELS, Ot Every Description, for STATE, COUNTY, AND SUBORDINATE GRANGES, '- DEPUTIES AND PAST MASTERS. The Best and Cheapest ever manufactured for the Order of Patrons of Husbandry. For Price List address R. H. THOMAS, Sec'y State Grange, P. of H., Mecha nicsburg, Cumb. Co., Pa. l5feb4t—-«imlst of m cnonmiz I-IME! FOR A FERTILIZER, s4.5u PER 'l‘0N. Ground Lime-Stone, $2.50 pr. T. LIME IN LUMPS FOR ALL KINDS OF MASON WORK As soon AND CHEAP As CAN an BOUGHT IN MICHIGAN. 15feb2t N. DAVIS, IDA. MICH. . -EU» THE MOST BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE FOR LITTLE PEOPLE IN THE WORLD. BOSTON AND LONDON. [L50 A YEAR: 15 CENTS A COPY. NEWS- DEALER5 SELL IT. AGENTS WANTED. PLEASE SEND A THREE-CENT STAMP FOR A SPECIMEN COPY T0 IUBSHJ‘. PUBLIXEUG 00.. Boston. .;e-em WAGON SCALES. ARE SOLD FOR 360. All Iron and Steel. Sold on tria.l—freight paid by us—-no money asked till tested and found satisfac- tory. All sizes manufactured. JONES OF BING-HAMPTON, Binghampton. N. Y. Send for Circulars and further particulars. PAw PAW, M.ich., May 18th, 1878. Jonas or Bmonunrox: My Scales give entire satisfaction. I have subject- ed it to the most severe tests and find it not only correct in weighing large or small amounts, but perfectly reliable. Yours, Fraternally, J. J. WOODMAN. 3 in——lyr '1-an tA:.I.a,isa:Azoo C.2'»g?::;/rm/‘..,J> COLLE GE, QM? INSTITUTE, Ofiers su rior advantages to young Men and Women who ‘ to qualify for business. Sendgfor Journal giving particulars. W. F. PARSONS, Presi‘. Garden, Flower and Field $EEE$., OF EVERY VARIETY. will 0!‘ ASSOT.'llDlfi’ITSi furnished GRANGES Varieties not used to he returned. WHITE RUSSIAN OATS. Special Prices to Patrons on Application. NEW GROCERY PRICE LIST NOW READY. SEND FOR IT. GEORGE ‘W. HILL, 80 Woodbridge St., West, Fcb.ltf DETROIT, MICE. L I F E INSURANCE FOR PATRONS. 0 The Patrons’ Aid Society of Michigan WAS ORGANIZED IN DECEIIBEB, 1880, to give the Patrons of Michigan an opportunity to belong to a HUME INSTITUTION OF LIFE INSURANCE that they could control. As its name indicates, it is FOR THE MEMBERS OF OUR ORDER AND FOR THEM ONLY. Its Annual Meetings occur at the same time and place as the annual session of the State Grange. This feature was for the express purpose of provid- ing for a. large representation of the members of the Society at its most important meeting of the year, when its ofiicers are elected. and without special notice any amendment to the laws and rules govern- ing the Society may he made. The MUTUAL PLAN adopted by this Society pro- vides that an Assessment shall be made ONLY when a member dies. and the amount of that as- sessment is tixed when a person becomes a member, and cannot be increased at any subsequent period. This assessment is graduatetfaccording to age, which is an important and distinctive feature of this Socie- ty—one which should commend it to the favorable consideration of Patrons. If there are reasons why people should from time to time pay a small sum from t sir income or their earnings, in order to secure to those dependent on them in an hour of need a sum suflicient to bridge over the expenses and wants incident to that most trying period of life, those reasons hold good when applied to the Patrons of our State. Applications for membership may be made to JAMES COOK, J. W. EWING. Adrian. Eaton Rapids. ELIJAH BARTLETT, Wm. B. LANGLEY, Dryden. Centreville. R. C. CARPENTER, GEO. W. EWING, . Lansing. Mas. C. K. CARPENTER, C. L. WHITNEY, Orion. Cincinnati. J. T. COBB. A. E. GREEN, Schoolci-aft. Walled Lake. or to Local Agents they‘may appoint. For By-Laws and Circulars apply to either WM. B. LANGLEY, Pres’t, Or J. T. COBR. sec’y, Centreville, AIN T 4| DOVER STREET. “'E PAY FREIGHT. Cl1eaIlestandBesI Paints Known. Only Paint that will resist water or m oist air. OFFICE, NEW YORK. EVERY FARMER IN THE COUNTRY SHOULD EXAMINE THE New Combined Spring Tooth Siilky Harrow CULTIVATOR AND SEEDER. Manufactured by THE WOLVERINE EARROW AND SEEDER COMPANY, Michigan. Kalnmamoo, - As a combined machine. it stands un- rivalled in excellence, doing the work of a Harrow and Seed Sower most thorough- ly and satisfactorily. It has taken high - rank at once as ONE OF THE VERY BEST IMPLEMENTS FOR THE USES _ — _ __ _,,_ _____,_,__ DESIGNED EVER INVENTED. Sows all kinds of grain and grass seeds. The Harrow does not trail or clog. is con- structed in two sections. either of which can be raised or lowered by the driver working independently of each other, setting the teeth at any required depth. It is 01 V81‘? light draft, easily W0'ked by one pair of horses, and has received the first premium and diplomas wherever exhibited Send for Circulars. LORENZO BIXB Y, sec.-,y_ TEE PATENT ILIPEOVEE Spring - Tooth. E.'..v.’-‘;.ERO'VX7' F‘()l€ THE SEASON Ob‘ I882. ‘-3! .. ‘era .\I,1.A .‘ Entering upon our third year as Manufacturers, the most flattering proof of its superiority is the daily increasing demand for this unrivaled Farm Implement. Send for Circulars to CHASE. TAYLOR & ($0., Kalamazoo. Mich. l’lrn-nu1'nr:Puwar. This Power easily folded up out of the way when not in use. Just the thing every farmer needs who has feed to cut, corn to shell, or anything one or two horses can do. Agents wanted. Send for Circular. Two-horse Power, Jack Belt. and 18 ft. Flat Belt, $40. j¢m1.1:f SMITH dz WOODARD, Manufacturers, Mich. THOMAS MASON, General Commission Merchant, 181 South Water Street, CHICAGO, BUSINESS AGENT MICHIGAN STATE GRANGE. Respectfully Sollolla Consignments cl‘ Kalamazoo, FRUITS, VEGETABLES, BUTTER, EGGS, WOOL, HOPS, POULTRY, GAME, VEAL, G-rass Seed, R.e.vv"E"u.1:s, Hides, Pelts, Tallcw. sec. ~o4—————-—— BOIDEII AGENT of the II. II. PRODUCE EXGIIAIIGE ASSBGIATIOII, chartered Fob. I3fh, I377. To Patrons and 8hlppers.——This is the only Commission House in Chicago organ- ized and controlled by the Patrons of Husbandry. The chief aim of this Agency is : 1st. Security for Payment to Shippers. , 2nd. To obtain the Highest Market price for goods received, quality considered. 3rd. Quick Sales and Prompt Payment. Shippers in all States will receive equal benefits of this management, the Business Manager being under Bonds for the faithful performance of the same. This Agency will fill Orders for any goods in this market, at lowest possible rates. Cash must accompany the order for near the amount required ; balance to be paid on receipt of bill. THOMAS MASON, Business Manager. ———.—:.—o+«- MARKET REPORTS, STENCILS and SHIPPING TAGS sent on application. We continue to act ussolicitors for Patents, Caveats. Trade Marks. Copyriglits.E%c., for the United statv 2. Canada. Cuba, England, nee, Germany, etc. We have had thirty-rive years’ experience. Patents obtained through us are noticed in the Fri- l.'N’l'n«‘ic AMERICAN. This large and splendid ill:x:;- trated weekly paper. $ 3.20 a yeanshows the Progress of Science. is very interesting. and has an enormous circulation. Address MUNN & Co., Patent Solici- tors, Pub‘s. of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, 37 Park Row, ...i...... ....¥i.}§§ I HUBBARD SQ'U'Af:§E, DRIED UR EVAPUBATED APPLES. BEANS. CLOVER SEED, Ere, E'rc., Should at once correspond with THOMAS MASON, CHICAGO, ILL. fshltf S1-hooleraft, Mich. NewYork. EandbookaboutPatentsfree. 4 A80!“ Mifllllln 91330 Gfllllh “GMT- r -I i