“THE FARMER IS OF MORE CONSEQUENCE THAN THE FARM, VOLUME 8,——NO. is. WHOLE N0. 144. 3 [Printed by Kalamazoo Publishing Co.) AND SHOULD BE FIRST IMPROVED.” SCHOOLCRAFT, MICH., AUGUST 15, 1882. YOUR SUBSCRIPTION SWILL EXPIRE WITH THIS.. Intered at the Post Oilice at Kalamazoo as Second Class matter. Eh: Grange it-lisilsr Published on the First and Fifteenth of every month, AT FIFTY CENTS PER ANNUM, Eleven Copies for 35.00. J. T. COBB, Editor and Manager, To whom all communications should be addressed, It Schoolcraft, Mich. Remittances should be by Registered Letter, Money Order. or Draft. [N‘DEX TO THIS NUMBER. The King of the Plow— Comparative Value of En- silage-—Cabbage Worms —I‘wo Points in Horse Management—Clover vs. Canada '1‘bistles—A Visit tothe Farm of Sam Jewett, near Independenma, Mo.—Shee and Dogs —Talks on Poultry, No. 13»- Michigan tate Poultry Association, . . . . . . .. . l The Autumn of Life—In the Mountains of Utah — The United States Navy—The Railway Problem Condensed, No. 2-The Barbed Wire Controversy. Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " Ingham County Pomona Grange—Ea.stport Grange, No. 470 —— Lecturer’s Communication, National Grange P. of H. —Society for the Promotion of Agricultural Science—An Important Circular- The Public School System of Michigan—In Brief- l882—Advertisements . 3 The State Capitol Engraving-—Stal'e Grange Picnic, August l6—Railway Land Grants ——Agricultural Science Association — Selling Wool at Home or Shipping—To Masters and Secretaries—Patentees in Court and What it Proves,.. 4 Best Returns for Butter—-P.-caching and Practice- Morenci Grange——Use the Free Wire—Farm Items on the Farm of Hon. J. J. Woodman——A Farmer on Matters of Interest to Farmers-'I‘he Lawyer's T rade—- Notices of Meetings, 5 The Reapers—A Good Subject Out of Season— Recreation—-Housekeepers and Homekeepers . . . . 6 The Children we Keep—Ta.king a V-acation—Tl.-e Topics Under Discussion——A New Correspondent. Different Topics Discu-:sed—To My Critics «Little Shepherd Dogs-Farmers Fifty Years Ago—~Barb- Wire—Michigan Teachers‘ Institu Death—Advertisemeuts Advertisements, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Officers National Grange. l[Ls1'EB—J. J. WO0DMAN,. . .Paw Paw, Michigan. Ovs:BsEEa-PUT. DARDEN, . . . . . . . . . ..Mississippi. LacTuaEa——H.ENRY ESHBAUGH, . . . . :. Missouri. S1'EwABD-—A. J. VAUGHN, . . . . . . . . . . ..Mississippi. Assr. STEwAaI>——W1LLIAM SIMS, ...... "Kansas. CnLPI.A.IN——S. H. ELLIS, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Obic. 'I‘a.aAsunna——F. M. MGDOWELL, .... ..New York. SitcaETARr——WM. M. IRELAND, Washington, D.C. GATE-KEEi>i:a—-O. DINWIDDIE, ....... ..Indiana. Cnas—MRS. J. J. WOODMAN, ...... ..Michigan. PoxoNA—-MRS. PUT. DARDEN, .... ..Mississippi. FI.0BA—MRS. I. W. NICHOLSON,...New Jersey. Lu)! Assr. STEWART)-—MRS. WM. SIMS, Kansas. Executive committee- D. WYATT AlCKEN,.... . ....... ..South Carolina. H. JAMES, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I.udiana. W. G. WAYNE, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..New York. Officers Michigan State Grange. is.—o. G. LUCE, ........................ ..Gilead. 0.-A. N. WO0DRU'FF,..... ........ ..Waterv1iet. s.—s. A. TOOKER, .................... ..Lansing. A. s.—A. E. GREEN, ............... . .Farmington. L.—cnARLEs E. MICKLEY .......... ..Thurber. C.—SALMON STEEL, ..... . .Frankfort, Benzie Co. T.—S. 1‘. BROWN, .................. ..Schoolcraft. Sao.——J. T. COBB, ................... ..Schoolcraft. G. K.—ELIJAn BARTLETT, ........... . .Dryden. 0lnxs.——MBs. A. S. STANNARD, ........ ..Lowell. ‘roxom.—Mss. H. D. PLATT, ......... . .Ypsils.nti. 1"r.onA.-Mas. A N. WOODRUFF,....Watervliet. L. A. S.-—Mas. A. E. GREEN, ....... . .Farinington. ' Executive committee- .1. q. A. BURRINGTON, Chairman, .... ..Tuscola. J. WEBSTER CHILDS, .............. ..Ypsilanti. r. M. HOLLOWAY, ................... ..Hillsdale. THOMAS MARS, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Berries Center. WM. SATTERLEE, ........ ... . . . . ..Birmingham. mos. F. MOORE, ..................... ..Adrian. J’. G RAMSDELL ................. . .Traverse City. 0. G. LUCE, J. T. COBB, ............ ..Ex-olficio. State Business Agent. moms MASON, ................. . .Chicago, ni GEO. W. HILL ......................... ..Detroit. General Deputy. JOHN HOLBROOK .................... ..La.nsing. Special Lecturers. Thou. 1l‘.l[ooi-e,...... ....... ..Ad.rian,LenaweeCo. I, L. Stevens,'1 ............ ..Pei-ry, Shiawassee Co. In. 5. Steele, .............. . .Manton, Wexford 00. Andrew Campbell, ..... “Ypsilanti, Washtenaw Co. J’_ W. Wing .... ........Ann Arbor, Washtenaw Co. divilullaul Eiiulmwl. THE KING OF THE PLOW. The sword is re-sheathed in its scabboard, The rifle hangs safe on the wall ; N 0 longer we quail at the hungry Hot rush of the ravenous ball. The war-cloud has hurled its last lightning, Its last awful thunders are still, While the demon of conflict in Hades Lies fettered in force as in will. 'Above the broad fields that he ravaged, What monarch rules blissfully now ? Oh! crown him with bays that are bloodless- The king, the brave king of the plow. A king ! Ah! what ruler more potent Has ever swayedv earth by his nod ? A monarch! Ay! more than a monarch- A homely, but bountiful god l He stands, where in earth's sure protection, The grain-seeds are scattered and sown, To uprise in serene resurrection When spring her soft trumpet hath blown l A monarch ! Yea, more than a monarch, Though toil-drops are thick on his brow ; Oh ! crown him with corn-leaf and wheat-leaf- The king, the strong king of the plow I Through the shadow and shine of past ages (While tyrants were blinded with blood), He reared the pure ensign of Ceres Bv meadow, and mountain, and flood,; And the long, leafy gold of his harvests The earth-sprites and air-sprites had spun Grew rhymic when swept by the breezes, Grew royal when kissed by the sun ; Before the stern charm of his patience What rock-rooted forces must bow I Come, crown him with corn-leaf, and wheat-leaf-— The king, the bold king of the plowl Through valleys of balm-dropping myrtle, By banks of Arcadian streams, Where the wind-songs are set to the mystic Mild murmur of passionless dreams ; On the storm-haunted uplands of Thule, By ice-girdled liords and floes, Alike speeds the spell of his godhood, The bloom or his heritage glows. ‘ A monarch ! Yea, more than a monarch-— All climes to his prowess must bow; Come, crown him with boys that are stainless- The king, the brave king of the plow I Far, far in earth's uttermost future, As boundless of splendor as scope, I see the fair angel—fruition-— The lilies of sweetness and calm, For the sword has been changed to the plowshare, The lion lies down with the lamb l 0 angel majestic! We know thee, Though raised and transfigured art thou- This lord of life’s grand consummation Was once the swart king of the plow l — Paul H. Hrzyne. .__.____MM,____,______ Comparative Value of Ensilage. The meal fed to the cows is worth $22 40 per ton. That fed to the bull calves, $25. Hay is worth $10, and cornstalks and out straw <-ach $5 per ton, and ruta-bagas -'10 cents per bushel. Compared with the other feeds at the above rates, the ensilage has a feeding value four times the cost of growing the Crop and putting it into the silo. I was not at all sanguine, when we began the experiment, as to the decided merits of ensilage as claimed by many writers, but I have been greatly pleased with the results of the feeding. The convenience in handling the repared. fodder; the large amount that can e stored in a small place; the avidity with which cattle eat it and thrive and grow when a meal ration is fed with it; the fact that it can be stored in Wet time, during low- ery weather, when fodder could notb ured; the furnishing of succulent food for st k du- ring our long Winters at very small cost.— these are some of the reasons that lead me to think the ensilaging of corn especially will prove to be a practical and profitable method of preparing food for stock. I think it may take the place of roots and be a cheap substi- tute for them. I am disposed to believe that the best results will be secured by feeding one daily ration of dry fodder in connection with the ensilage. The experiment shows that it is not a complete food ration. A meal ration adapted to the animal and the desired result must be fed with it. The Winter was exceptionally favorable for the feeding of fodder of this character, on account of its ex- treme mildness, the mean temperature hav- ing been about 28 deg. during the time em- braced in the feeding. With severe Weather the results might be less favorable. The ex eriments will be continued another season. e shall plant several varieties of corn, sugar cane, millet, and other forage crops, to ascertain as far as we can their com- parative values for ensilage. SAiu’L J oHNsoN, Prof. of Agriculture. Agricultural College, Lansing, Mich., April 1, 1882. cabbage Worms. A. B. Howard, of Massachusetts, says: “A friend of ours who grows cabbages ex- tensively for market has found that saltpetre dissolved at the rate of one and a half to two ounces to a gallon of water and applied with a sprinkler will completely banish the European cabbage Worm. It has proved not only a sure cure for this nuisance, but a special fertilizer in stimulating an increased growth of plant. Saltpetre (nitre) if pur- chased by the quantity can be secured at low rates. It is now quoted 5:}@6c. per pound. Give it a trial.” Two Points in Horse Management. If there be an animal that commands our kind care it is the noble r uadruped, the horse. But kindness that kil s is worse than neglect. I want to refer to two inhuman and cruel customs that would be more hon- ored in the breach than in the observance. 1. The so called disease Lampas, the bug - bear of the groom, never exists. The ar- rangement of the palate is just as it should be as it enables the animal to gather the grass and dispose of it readily‘ The horse’s molar teeth may require attention, but not the incisors or their surroundings, whose functions are prehension, and not mastic- ation. Ifthen the horse is ofl‘ his feed, in most cases the use of a slight alteratlve medi- cine, with soft and easily digested food will effect a cure. Don’t iufilct that barbarous, terrible punishment of burning out the gums, and thus disable the poor brute from afterward performing those natural func- tions which sustain life. 2 Another mistaken kindness is horse shoeing. Itis not only injuri-vus. but is a great tax—a two-fold reason why it should be discontinued. Much time and ingenuity have been expended in the effort to make a shoe free from objections; but all roduce. more or less, physical injury, and) do not prevent the horse from slipping. When a shoe does prevent slipping it is from high, sharp heels. But such shoes strain his foot, cut his ankles, cork his hoof, make him stiff and sore, and cause him to Wound his mate. All the best authorities declare that nine- tenths of the diseases of horses proceed from their feet as.a conswquence of shoeing- A physician in Virginia, Dr. Perkins, of Hanover county, says that for a number of years he has not shod his horses, believing it to be the shoe and not the road that injured the foot. He rode and drove in his daily practicea horse for eight years without shoes, and during the whole period the hoofs were sound and good, and less liable to Slip on ice than a shod horse, A slight rcrsping lo keep thefect in shape was all ll": aw. - be- stowed upon them. This gentleman gives the example ofa bold riding fox hunter who would leap fences and ditches and gallop on ice to show the superiority of a barefoot animal to one shod, which feats his com- panions riding shod dared not imitate. Washmgton, D. C. G. F. Ni«:i«:DHA.\i. Clover vs. Canada Thisiles. Prof. J. VV Bea], in Clover Leaf. J. S. \Voodward, of Lockport, N. Y., is a farmer of close observation and marked good sense. At my request he furnishes the following on this topic: “Canada tlJlSll€S have long underground stems or root-stocks, nearly devoid of roots. These root-stocks store up nourishment dur- ing the latter part of summer and fall for pushing the upright growth in the spring from the eyes. The spring growth is mostly fed from the root-stocks. If early plowing cuts off the upright stems, another set will follow, and so on with several times plow- ing. If we let the plants grow till near flowering, the root-stocks will be nearly ex- hausted. I kill the thistles without the loss of a crop, as follows: “ Have the land rich, if possible; at least have it well seeded to clover, and by top- dressing with plaster, ashes, or by some means get as good growth to the clover as possible. As-soon as the clever is in full bloom, and here and there a thistle shows a blossom, mow, and make the crop, thistles and all, into hay. Thistles make good hay at this time. After mowing, apply a little plaster to quickly start the growth of clover: you will find this to come much quicker than the thistles. As soon as the clover has a good start, from July 20 to August 5, low down, being careful to plow down all the land and to fully cover all growth. Then roll down and barrow at once, so as to cover every thistle entirely up. But few thistles will ever show themselves after this, and they will look poor and weak. When they do show, cultivate thoroughly with a culti- vator having broad, sharp teeth, so as to out every one ofl‘ under ground. In two days, go over with a sharp hoe and cut off any that may have escaped the cultivator. Watch, and when you see any coming up again, follow the same plan with cultivator and hoe until freezing up. You will see them getting scareer and scarcer each time, and looking as though they had the con- sumption. Follow this plan faithfully and, my,word for it, you will never see a thistle again unless it comes from the seed. “ By plowing this fie-l».l just before freezing up, you will have the land in the finest con- dition for a spring crop This plan not only kills thistles, but I have found it most eifi- cacious in clearing the lands of all noxious weeds, much better than any summer-fab low, and without the loss of any crop.” THE outlook for breeders of good stock of all kinds is certainly very good. Many have feared for years past that the supply would exceed the demand; but that time has not come and there are no signs of its soon coming. Men have lost money; some have been financially ruined in improved stock-breeding operations; but those who have purchased judiciously, kept their stock economically, and looked carefully to the disposal of the surplus, have almost invaria- bly done well. We confidently believe like results may be ex ected in the future. Surely the owners 0 good animals may be well satisfied with the prices they now obtain.—Breeders’ Gazette. A Visit in the Farm of Sam Jewell, Near Independ- — ence, Mo. _Taking the 6:30 train on the Missouri Pa- cific railroad I was soon at Independence. and soon passed the three miles, in truvelin r be- tween Independence and the beautiful mine of Sam Jewett, Ifouud Sam, with his son and two others, taking the snowy fleeces oil of his his thoroughbred Merino sheep. Sam was shearing Stubb, No. 4-10, his four year old rain, valued at $1,500. Last year Stubb was shown at Sedalia on the 7th of April, when he sheared 2.~‘,7{, lbs. of wool. His fleece was cleansed at Wail )0l€, Mass, weighing when clean 7,7,; lbs. an was sold by Walter, Brown &(‘o. for To-day he turned off 29 lbs. 1% oz. seven days less than one year. No. 695, Wooleyheaul ‘Jud, 2 years old, Slit‘€ll‘ell 2:‘; lbs. 7 oz. llam lamb, No. 3:}, 1.’: lbs. 14 oz. No. 7.-‘.3, 17 lbs. 1.3 oz. No. 312, 14 lbs. 9 oz. No. 785, 1:} lbs. :2 oz. No. 91:), 14,1.’ lbs. Two year o d ewe No. 610, 14}; lbs. N0. 547, 15,14’ lbs. Ewe lambs, shc:u‘ed from 8 15-16 lbs. to 11 lbs. 10 oz.; this last by 700. Such were the facts to-(luv. Still) has sold 400 l‘2lll1S the last year in Alubaiua, Mississippi, Louisizuin, A1'kai1sas, Missouri, Kzmsas, Tex- us, I\'ebi':isku, and C()l()l‘£l.(lU, besides several ewes, and proposes to sell more this year. A Visit to his home will repay any one who is interested in this industry. Mr. J ewett has a farm of 300 acres, mostly in tame grasses; a line brick house; new sl1eepl)aru,44.\'lS, stone lutseiiiciit with cup- acity for 400 shes-1r.—I’roxg, in 1i'a2z.9a.s* (lily Commc7'cz'rzl Indicator. __________________ Sheep and Dogs. For :1 number of years past protecting sheep from dogzs by the use of bglls has been i'ecou1me1ided at different times. some have denied that bells were of any benefit, but here is one more instzmcc i':i\'o1'ii1g their use. .\ Sout‘.u-rn farmer writes: After much c_\'pci'1- meutiug the following hats 1Jl‘L)‘»'(‘ll the most l)e11efi<,-iul in pi'otc(:tin;,;' sliecp from dogs: For u llock of from 20 to 100 and 1.30 lie:ul,put on from 1-i to lo bells of \':u'ious sizes and tones from the common little slxecp-boll up to :1 laige cow bell. It is the \'2u'iety of tone and sound that tcrrifies the sheep killing dog. Again: The flock should ul\\':1ys be so sit- 1l:|.l(‘.Ll that they can approztch thel1ou.~;c ofthc l:1udlo1~d, through a lane gate or :1 gap in the fe11<:e,2u1(l if occasion.'1lly.s':1lu-d uc2u'tl1el1ou.~'e will i1i\'zu'i:Ll)ly approach it at night to sleep, p:11'Licul:u*ly if disturbed bydog or person. No dog, I care not how lIl1l(_'ll p1‘acti‘e he may linve in killing sheep, can be inc uccd even under the most tl'_VlIl;.',‘ colitlitioil to at- tack zi flock llll\'lilj.," from 14to1obcllsofdilfcr- ent sizes and tones. A dog sc\'ei'ely pressed of hunger may be influenced to attack :1 Ilock while down at rest, or silently ;:m7.i1ig; but the moment that dolcful sound of 115 bells of different sizes and tones reuclics his ear, his tail will be seen to tuck between his legs and he is oil" for otl1erquai'tci's in a moment. Not one dog in a hundred cam catch and hold it strong sheep in a run of loo to 000 yards; hence the advantage of having a. flock so situated that the sheep can at all times approacli the house. For over twenty - years I have kept a flock of from loo to goo head, and although there are many worthless sheep- killing dogs around me in the neighboring, I have not had one killed by dogs."——.E.vchange. FARMERS allover the rich prairies and bottom lands of the Union are constantly complaining that their lands are either worn out or are wearing out. The fact is that the complaint ought to be of the farm- ers and not of the land. They have not dealt honestly by their domains. They found them rich and have deliberately impoverish- ed them; and now they sit down and com- plain at the result of their own folly and laziness. How many great heaps of rotten straw and stable manure can be seen in a day’s ride along one of our valley roads, in the midst of an old, abandoned field, over- grown with sedge and sassafras sprouts? Scores on scores. We have sat in the win- dows of farm houses in Iowa and Kansas, and seen the countr around by the pi es of burning straw Millions on millions of the best fertilizers in the World are deliberately wasted every year in any southern or western State. We have noticed that the very farmers who are most improvident and wasteful in this respect are first to buy some foreign, manufactured or patented fertilizer. They resemble the fool- ish ones who betake them to patent nos» trums in place of calling in a respectable doctor in case of sickness. Then one-half our farmers only scratch instead of plowing, use over and over the top six inches of the earth, and expect to maintain its fertility. The great wonder in this matter is that the soil has not rebelled against a majority of its tillers, and either roused their intelligence or left them hungry. Feed your farm and it will feed you; starve it and it will starve you.—Rural Record. . ———.———.—————._— PROFESSOR LAW says that “the great ma- jority of ringbones in young horses came from the failure to shorten the toes.” To this may be added that ringbone is apt to be formed if colts are allowed to stand on a plank floor, or anywhere else where the footing is hard during the first eighteen months of their age. Whether in stable or yard during this period, let them have earth for standing or walking free from stone 'or gravel. lighted up for miles, Talks on Poultry, No. 13. POULTRY DISEASES. The substance of this article is drawn from Stoddard’s“Pouitry Diseases,” poultry journals, and other sources at hand. We attempt nothing original, nor recommend anything on this subject from experience. It ill befits us to write on this subject, for we do not believe it pays to doctor fowls; and we have a reason for the faith that is in us. Fowls are kept in flocks, and poultry diseases are contagious. A fowl represents so little monetary value that the time and money spent is all they are worth. If they are valuable fowls they are used for breed- ing, and it is preferable to have stock from a lower grade of healthy fowls than from a higher grade that have been sick. We may change our minds in the beautiful golden sometime, when the reaper Death harvests in our flock of White Leghorns to the happy scratching grounds, but for the present our remedy for all poultry diseases is the hatch- et, and a better medicine is an ounce of prevention. Gapes in young Chicks is caused by a worm in the throat; remedy, acimphor pill, or insert a feather stripped nearly to the end and dipped in turpentine. Feather eating is a vice caused by confinement. Crooked breast bones and toes, and swelling on the feet are caused by wide high roosts. Scaly legs are caused by an insect under the skin ; only yellow legs are troubled with it- remedy, kerosene oil. Roup or its accom- p miments, (swellings in the head and over the eyes, rattling or wheezing sound in breathing) is caused by damp, chilly quar- ters or insufficient food——remedy, keep the head washed clean and free from matter, open all swellings when ripe, give castor oil, and keep in dry warm places. Cholera is caused by uncleanliness or contagion, and generally takes the fowl suddenly, forestall- ing all thoughts of a remedy. Pepper, salt and sulpher, give in soft food the year round isa preventative. A certain kind of corn recommended by the Poultry Advertiser of Zanesville, O ,is a preventative. As soon as you are sure what the disease is, better murder the fowl. If a flock is depopulated, better quit the bsiness for a couple of years until the rains of spring and fall, the sum- mer spn and winter frosts have wiped out every germ of the disease and everything has been cleansed. For crop- bound, open the skin and crop, remove the contents, then sew together. Most sweliings are caused by overfeeding. Other diseases, according to our limited knowledge, are complications of those mentioned. When a fowlsmopes around, with head and wings drooping, and purple comb, commence your doctoring at once, and use no homeopathic doses. A healthy fowl should have a bright red comb, and always be wide awake and busy. Grand View Farm, Kalamazoo. OLD POULTRY‘ Michigan Stale Poultry Association. Dear Sir.--—The following is a list of offl- cers of the Michigan State Poultry Associa- tion which was organized at Grand Rapids August 2: President, W. S. Jones, Owosso; Vice President, C. B. Pierce, Grand Rapids; Treasurer, H. R Naysmith, Grand Rapids; Secretary, R. C. Greiner, Grand Rapids; Directors.—A. B. Covert, Cadillac; James Loop, Lowell; E. D. Richmond, Hart; S. M. Crawford, Saranac; W. Westlske, Owosso; H. C. Underwood, Kalamazoo; F. H. Gray, Battle Creek; H. P. Blanchard, Blanchard; A. Bernstine, Manistee; J. H. Haynes, Decatur; all of this State. For full particulars write to the Secretary. Members will be admitted at any time. Membership fee $5.00. R. C. GBEINER, Sec’y M. S. P. A. Grand Rapids, Aug. 10, 1882. ’ _____.__.___._____ IF the asparagus bed be examined it will be seen that only a part of the plants bear berries. These plants bear pistillate or fe- male flowers. The berries contain the seeds of the plant, and if allowed to ripen and drop the seeds grow the next season and produce new plants among the old ones. This causes the plants to become too thick in the bed. It is best to cutout all plants that bear berries, before the fruit ripens, to prevent this over crowding off the shoots. GRIFFIN, Georgia, orchard in the south, and covering most same farm are 4,000 has the largest peach containing 50,000 trees of 600 acres. On the grafted apple trees and 5,000 pear trees. 2 j TEE GQANGE VESETOLE. AUGUST 15, 1882. dummnniratimo. THE AUTUMN OF LIFE. The old man sits at his cottage door, In the gleam of the dying day; His heart is calm as the silent shore, When the vsir db have jars! d 2W1}: His ihcvghts as still as rte firpiarzi 11 use That whispers of peace to the azure seas. His is the beauty of earth and air, The glow of the twilight hours; He feels that glory everywhere Is breathing frcm woodland flowers; And his heart grows young, though his years are old At the wondrous sight of the sunset gold. For Memory comes with a gentle hand, And beareth on Fancy’s wings His thoughts to her own immortal land, Where til: Past forever sings Of joy_s that brightened the fair days fled, Ere friendships faded with friends long dead. And the Past. though sad, for the love that is gone, Is sweet to the old man's mind; Like the birds that sang in those years, have down The hopes he hath left behind; Yet Memory brings from each bygone day Some gift of peace for his lonely. way! And the children love that old man dear As he sits in the twilight here, Listing a music they can not hear. From the sea and the voiceful air; And gather around, like gladsome flowers, As he tells them tales of the vanished hours. And so the Present is made more bright By the lessons the Past has taught, As the East reflects the wondrous light Of the West, by sunset brought; And though his vision is growing din, God malreth his pathway bright to him. His age is peace; yet he loves to think That a deeper than earth can know Shall be his, when his tranquil soul shall drink Of a balmier twilight glow, In that happier Horne,-where his thoughts at last Shall yearn no more for the distant Fast! In the Mountains of Utah. “Help! Help! Kill the d——n Jack! Shoot him! Whoa, there! Get out! Help! Help!” Such were the shouts which mingled with the loud brayings of a Jackass, awoke a party of surveyors about midnight one night the last of April in 1881. They were encamped near the mouth of the Grassy Trail creek in eastern Utah, at the foot of a rocky clifl’ which towered several hundred feet above thtm. The party under Frank P. Davis as chief had been for a couple of months engaged in running lines in the vicinity of the Price river for the Utah ex- tension of the Denver and Rio Grande rail- road. They were 150 miles from their base of supplies in a wild, uninhabitable region. Vague rumors of an Indian war had been brought to camp by the company’s couriers, and it was not far to the reservation of the White river Utes from whom an uprising was expected. Davis had gone that day to the camp of Major Hurd twenty miles or so away and was not expected back until the next day. So when the midnight uproar and his cries for help brought half the party out of their blankets and caused the other half to cover their heads and crawl deeper into them, the first thought of all was Indians. It was not Indians, however, but a less serious matter which never fails to call a smile to the face of any of the party except its chief whenever it is mentioned. The party had with them one of Major Hurd’s donkeys which carried the stakes to be driven along the line and a very useful animal he was too. The boys called him Beecher in honor of the eminent divine. When Davis arrived at Major Hurd’s camp he found a large force of men there ready to begin work on the grade. Nothing could bedone tillan engineer could reach there to take charge of and lay out the work for them. Orders were given for Davis to re- turn immediately to his camp and send F. Hodgman over to take charge of the work. Afine transit instrument was packed on the back of "Beecher’s” mate and thus equipped Davis started back for camp‘ Beecher sniffed the coming cavalcade from afar and on their approach set up 9. most unearthly braying. When the party tum- bled out they found the two donkeys charg- ing all over camp, up and down the bluff, over the tent ropes and Davis on horseback charging after them trying to part the don- keys and save the transit. The boys took in the situation at a glance and very soon rescued the instrument unharmed from its perilous ride. Such was the manner in which the orders came for me to leave the party with whom I had come into this wild country and head a party of my own. Next morning “Texas Bill” the teamster tackled four sorry look- ing mules to a schuttle wagon and loading up my traps we started on the back trail for the crossing of the Price. The road ran up the Grassy Trail creek which for a half a mile is a little stream that a boy could jump except where it is expanded into small ponds by the dams of the beavers. Along its bankaare scattering cottonwood trees, many of them lying prone on the ground out off by those industrious fellows the beavers. It is a little dimcult for a stranger to their habits to understand why they cut down so many trees as a very large proportion ‘of them are not touched by the beavers after they are felled. In some phces where the timber stood thickly enough to admit of it the fallen trees lie scattered around like a Michigan fallow. They cut trees down having a diameter as large as; 30 inches. I have picked up chips made by them which are four inches long two inches wide and a quarer of an inch thick with the edges cut as clean and smoothly as with the woodman’s axe. Now and then as we passed along the streams near sunset a splash would be heard in the water and on going to the bank we would find a smooth wet path from the top of the bank to the water. It was a beaver slide and the splash we heard was made by the animal when he slid down it into the water. Less than a mile from camp we came to some springs which supply the stream with all the water it has now and which have supplied the camp for the past fortnight. The water oozes up in the bed of the creek and looks very pure and clear. When we drink it we discover a slightly peculiar taste as though there might bea little soap in it. There is no different wa- ter within a dozen miles and we drink it from necessity and besides it is cool and has no very bad taste, but it affects us very much as would a dose of Epsom salts and we suspect that the water contains not a little Sulphate of Magnesia in solution. The men have drank this water for the last two weeks and are a good deal out of health in consequence. We pass beyond the springs following an open valley 2. quarter of a mile wide through which the dry bed of the stream goes winding back and forth from side to side with now and then a few lone cottonwoods which have escaped the bea- vers, standing on the banks. The bluffs rise sharply up a few hundred feet on either side their red monotony of color relieved here and there by a stunted cedar or pinon pine. Now and then we pass a “wash” with rugged shelves of rock jutting out and hear- ing mute witness of the dashing waterfalls and roaring torrents which pass over them when there is water running in the now dry bed. And here the bluffs come close to- gether at a sharp bend in the valley. “The fiddler’s elbow”and along on either side of the valley are strewed long “windrows” of drift wood fifty feet above the dry bed of the stream. There has evidently been a big torrent here sometime and the like may come again any year. Woe be to the railroad swept by such a torrent as that must have been. Here is a place where the rocks are lying in rounded lumps as they have cooled and harden cd from a state of fusion. Some are like a walnut and some big as a barrel but all showing unmistakably that they have been melted and cooled in that shape. They have no corners and are not worn or eroded as by water. Yonder is a cliff with alayer ofrock twen- ty feet thick in which we can plainly see these rounded rocks sticking as if they had been fired there, like so many balls froma cannon. Many of them are geodes, their cavities lined with shining crystals which we expose to view as we crack them open. As we go on up the stream we strike 9. wag- on road along the old Spanish trail followed by Albert Sidney J olinson’s army years ago, when as the Mormons say they and the Lord drove him out of the country. Presently the bed of the stream has risen till we are nearly on the level with the tops of the bluffs we have been riding between. The Book Clifl"s, great white capped moun- tains—stand boldly out to greet us on the right, five or six miles away, and the Cedar mountains face them as far away to the left. Right in front of] us and fifty miles away the grim Wasatch range complete the trian- gle of mountain ranges which enclose this wonderful castle valley. Yonder to the north is a chasm opening into the heart of the Book cliffs. It is the Soldier pass and canon and just beyond the canon is Emma park where the sheep have been driven out of Castle valley for the shearing. Just to the left of Soldier canon another opening is seen in the mountains. No oneseems to know anything about it. Still farther to the left past the corner of the triangle of mountains we see a rent in the Wasatch range. A spur of the moun- tain stands out across its mouth with an immense rocky column standing like a line sentinel over the valley. It looks like a great box piled on top of several smaller ones which stand on end one above the oth- er. We can only guess at its size. It is 30 miles away and stands a thousand feet or more above the valley. The top is so much larger than the base that it seems as if it must topple over with the first heavy wind. The mountain spur on whose point it stands isavertical clifi‘ on the side facing the valley and from 1,000 to 3,000 feet above it. A table of loose rocks lie at its foot but is hidden from our sight by the trees be- tween. The parti-colored strata of rocks stretch away like ribbons one above the other. Some one detects a likeness to a steamboat and calls the place Steamboat point. Now we leave the old Spanish trail and striking to the left follow our line of stakes overs gentle divide into the valley of the Price again. The ground seems as smooth asaprairie with no vegetation but cactus plants with dwarfed and stunted sage and grease brush in places and occasionally a patch iof the salt “sage.” This last is a small shrub growing from one to two feet high with a small whitish fleshy leaf which _is eaten with great avidity by cattle and sheep and we notice that the horses and mules bite at it in passing. Here and there we come to a network of small washes—fis- sures cut in the ground by streams of water in the wet season, and have to make a long detour to pass them. They are dry now. Their walls stand for the most part straight up and down and the earth is dry and hard so that you can stand on the very edge without fear of its caving in. Here is one that you can step across but it is twenty feet deep. The wagon must go around but we will step across and take a bee line for those tents we can see away yonder by those two lone cottonwoods. The ground is as smooth asa floor and as soon as we have passed these small washes we shall have plain sailing and perhaps get a shot at a deer ora jack rabbit. The sun is sloping toward the west and thousands of sparkling diamonds are glistening in its rays. We pick up the finest one we can see and it is only a crystal of gypsum clear as glass which has reflected the sun’s rays in our eyes. The earth is full of them. We fill our pockets and push along. But hold! VVhat is this, a chasm 200 feet deep opening at our feet without a minutes warning. Ten rods away it all seemed smooth ahead and here is a chasm three or four hundred feet wide and half as deep. It is only a wash like the smaller ones we jumped, ex- cept for size. We follow along its edge seek- ing a place to descend into its bottom which is smooth and level except as it descends to- ward the river. The edges of the wash are nicked here and there by great cracks which we jump as we go. Here are two of them which have out oifa column from the side leaving an im- mense chimney standing out alone. There are 9. dozen others in all stages of formation. The surface here is sandstone, under that is a soft clay rock which disintegrates and dis- solves away when exposed to the weather. Now we have found a place where by care- ful stepping we can descend into the wash and an hour's walk along its level bottom brings us to the camp. The United States Navy. For the Vrsrron. The late report of the Naval Advisory Board reveals some curious and startling facts in relation to the condition of the United States navy. It is a popular suppo- sition that the great war vessels in our navy would be a terror to other nations in time of war. It is fortunate that no war has arisen to dispel such delusions‘ We are more ex- posed than any other nstion to attacks from the sea, on account of our immense coast line and numerous harbors. We have no foreign commerce to support as our exports and imports are almost entirely carried by foreign vessels. The American flag is al- most a stranger in the great commercial ports of the world and we need fear no at- tack upon such a shadow as our foreign car- rying trade. Yet in time of war we should immediately feel the need of a navy for coast defense and as a. weapon with which to at- tact the commerce of the enemy. The actual condition of the navy is de- scribed in a well written article in the North American for May, by Lieut. Com- mander Gorringe. Taking his facts from the most authentic sources he estimates the number of vessels now available for war ser- vice at fourteen unarmed cruisers and twelve old-fashioned monitors. His de- scription of their condition is as follows : “ The fourteen cruisers are scattered over the globe, or as it is generally put by naval oflicers, ‘distributed among our foreign squadrons,’ and under the most favorable conditions could not be collected to _form a. fleet in less than six months. The guns they carry are of obselete types, long since dis- carded by other nations. The fastest of the fourteen which is the fastest vessel built ex- pressly for the navy, has a maximum speed, under the most favorable conditions, of 12 9 knots per hour. The minimum speed of the slowest is equal to 5} knots per hour for a day’s run. The speed of a fleet is that of its slowest vessel, and therefore, the best fleet speed at sea of the fourteen vessels available for war operations would be 5} knots per hour. The storage capacity for coal of all our ves- sels, and notably the fourteen vessels avail- able for war purposes, is so low that a fleet formed of them could not keep the sea long enough to steam full speed 900 miles. Such afleet could not operate against Bermuda, Halifax or even Cuba from any United States port as a base. There is not an effi- cient ram in the navy. The Trenton, de- signed for running, has'such low speed, and requires so much space and time to turn in, that she is useless for that purpose. Not one of the vessels on our navy list could operate advantageously against an enemy’s commer- cial shipping. Without guns to fight or speed to escape from armed vessels, without coal capacity or speed to operate against un- armed ones, the unarmed vessels of our navy are utterly worthless for war service. As to the twelve monitors, or armed ves- sels, comparatively their availability for war operations is less. They do not carry a gun that would, if tired from a distance of 1,500 yards, produce more than a slight indenta- tion on the armor of the iron clads of the world built since 1865. Every foreign sea- going armed vessel carries one or more guns that would penetrate the side-armor of our monitors at this distance, and their turrets at 1,000 yards. The maximum speed of our monitors is 4 knots per hour. It would be difficult and generally impossible to get any iron clads built in Europe during the last fifteen years down to a speed of 4 knots an hour with her engine in operation. The oili- cers of foreign iron-clads would, therefore, have only to choose their distance from our monitors, and proceed with great delibera- tion to the amusement of destroying them.” It has been asserted without contradiction in the present session of Congress, that we have not a single gun in the navy which to- day is of any real value. Moreover, we are not prepared to produce the modern type of heavy guns. Mr. Hewett, of New York, as- serts that it will require three years to pro- duce the first cast- steel 10 inch rifled gun. The navy question is one of the most im- portant of the many grave questions en- gaging the attention of Congress and the people. Our relations with Chilli have not been altogether peaceful and it is well known that even that small nation could devastate our entire western coast. And she could do this even if our entire navy could be transported to the Pacific. \Vhi1e we have been throwing away millions of dollars in the construction of monitors that can never go to sea, and would be useless with their obsolete armaments if they could make a sea voyage, other nations have built whole fleets ofiron-clads with 100 ton guns and the strongest armor that can be pro- duced. The Railway Problem Condensed, No. 2. From the Farm and Fireside, Baltimore. Those who deny that the Government has a right to supervise the conduct of a rail- way corporation must dispute both of our pro ositions: they must deny that a rail we is a highway, and they must also deny that the public, with respect to its use, are under duress. Vague declamation about the sanctity of property will not answer. If either the road is a highway or if the public are under duress then each citizen has a right to the protecting intervention of the Govern- ment, which right is as sacred as the right of that private capital which has been in- vested. On the other hand, if the people are not under a constraint and if the road is not a highway in the sense which warrants a. control by the sovereign. viz; If the individ- ual in possession of the road is entitled to ex- clude from it every citizen except his chosen friends; if the road is like the private carri- age-way from the turnpike to my residence, then we freely admit that the Government ought not to meddle with the afi‘airs of the corporation. The issue is sharply defined and cannot be evaded. But again: One part of the charge repre- sents the price demanded by a public carrier whose rates are regulated because the public are under duress. No one denies the author- ity of the Government as regards the stage- coach upon a turnpike. and a much stronger case is here presented. The Erie Canal will be kept in repair by the State. Suppose a company is given an exclusive right to run boats, would it not be the imperative duty of the legislature to regulate the charges? And if the price paid to the corporation as a carrier is distinguished from the “toll” paid to it for the use of a highway the principle applied to the canal must be admitted as to the railroad. The railway managers talk loosely about some (undefined) contract which has tied the hands of the government, but it will puzzle them to analyze this subject, so as to sift out the pre- cise right that will be invaded. In fact when we remember that the authority of the govern- ment in this matter rests upon principles never disputed in the courts and always ap- plied to the similar cases of ferries. br1dges, canals, and turnpikes, it is one of the wonders of the age that a doubt should be counten- anced by men who claim to be well in- formed. The second inquiry was, whether it is expe- dient for the government to supervise the con- duct of our railroad corporations? Certain observations. at this point, clear the deck. The jurisdiction of Congress over this sub- ject will be examined when we come to con- sider the legislation that is required. It will be seen, as we go further, that into]- ligent legislation, instead of crippling railroad enterprise. will stimulate the building of new roads. There is a difference between the out- side stockholders and the managers who cap- ture the corporation. It generally happens that I. few unscrupulous and scheming men.,. possess themselves of the control, and the business of the company being se- cretly conducted is made subservient to their personal ends. The result is, the stockholders are swindled, and the managers become rich. These men are not trusted, their vocation is not respectable, and capital is afraid to em- bark in this industry. Whereas if these cor- porations were conducted openly and under proper governmental supervision a railroad security would be the best investment. Again, the mama for railroad facilities has induced the people to tolerate many illegal practices immensely profitable, not to the out- side stockholders, but to the secret inside man- agement. It will be seen, as we go further, that intelligent legislation will break up these practices, but will not disturb the legitimate business of any corporation. The issue is be- tween the managers and the people; there is no controversy between the public and the holders of legal railroad securities. The peo- ple are very willing to pay full interest on every dollar of private capital that has been expended. A contract was made between the public and the individuals who furnished the money to build the road; the pea le agreed to com- pensate them for the use 0 their capital: the people did not surrender the most important function of government and agree that these individuals might conduct the entire transpor- tation business of the country in such a man- ner as would obtain for them the largest prof- it. Under the contract which was made, the corporation is entitled to collect a sum suffi- cient to pay (1 ) the operating expenses and re- pairs; (2) the interest on the cost of the right of way, and (3) the interest on the cost of the construction and equipment. But a distinction is observed between the aggregate amount that may be collected and the amount that may he demanded from each person; the former depends upon the sum which has been expended and the latter upon the size of the line of travel. The carrying capacity of a rail- road is not measured by the cost of the work will or by the operating expenses, because a road costing a million often trans orts as much as a road costing two. Hence, wit the corporation as with the individual who improved the river, the charge must diminish as the volume of trade i1_1Cl‘e8B€8, and the rule, dictated by every prin. crple of law and public policy, is that the amount of the charge should be determined by the cost of the service which is rendered. There is no possible uestion about the cor- rectness of these views, ut it will be seen that our transportation business is conducted with- out the slightest regard to them. In fact the entire internal commerce of this country is to- day directed and controlled by a few men who have formulated for themselves a complete system of rules which are not only directly op- posed to _ these views, but which contravene every primary. principle of our civil polity. These rules. originated by men utter! incom- petent to the task, are the outgrowt of the meddling by railway managers with economic problems which are entirely outside of the busrneds of a public carrier—the business of a railroad company is to carry at a fixed rate whatever is offered, whereas it under- takes to act as a wet-nurse to trade. These corporations have departed so wide- ly from the proper business as a car- rier, so many wrong ideas have been instilled into the public mind and we have become so accustomed to the unlawful practices of the managers that_1t 1B difficult to clear away the rubbish sufficiently to make the people com- prehend the true relations which ought to exist, and which under intelligent govern- mental supervision _would exist between the railroads and the country. Indeed, an impres- sion prevails that we have in our midst a few men who alone are skilled in the occult sci- ence of railway management, and who consti- tute a prlveleged class whose discretion should not behamperc d by laws. In truth there is a disposition, even in respectible quarters, to surrender to these men a complete control over most important concerns, precisely as a very sick man turns with feelings of despondent helplessness to his physician. It will be seen presently that our transpor- tation business may be placed on the proper footing without a single jostle to any commer- cial interest. J, M, MAgoN_ The Barbed Wire Controversy. The prosecutions against barbed wire men still continue. Men who bought into the business at an early period are cornpelled to sacrifice. their business and investments with- out any compensation, or risk expensive litigation with concentrated capital and grasping greed——cupii:1l extorted from the industries of the consumer. This monopoly claimed to have cornered the machinery of the barbed wire men by the purchase of patents. Men who invested largely in preparations for barbing, and engaged legitimately, are now decl:u'ed in- fringers upon letters patent. The monopoly set out on the “lirozul (‘1uin1" which culmin- ates in “Might makes Right,” and this principle applied as u force compels an issue between the monopoly and the people. The people are slow in asserting their rights when robbed of them, but when they move it is forward, no backward steps. The people are moving slowly but surely in this matter. The people, when contending for their rights, are more potent than the mo. nopoly. They can do without the lllollopulv, but the monopoly cannot do without them. ' Might 1S :1 force of capital as well as mus- cle. Here it exerts itself as concentrated capital. It endeavors to outilank the I1e<:essi- ties of irrdustry. The first talent of the country and unlimited capital. are called into 1'eq11isitlu1l to rob lzllnul‘. Capital and talent have been used profusely to corner the necessities of rum! industry. No more does might umke right, in this monopoly tlmn it would in stronger nations to despoil weaker ones. If the monopoly in their might, is entrenched by patent 1ztu's,tlrer1tl1ose laws are oppressive to the people and should be repealed. The quicker oppressivcluws are re earled the better for at free people. n this controversy either concentrated capital, controlled bylone firm, will control the people. or the people will triumph over the monopoly. In this contest will not victory be won for the future? Either the people will triumph in maintaining their rights, or the monopoly will gain a step in ascendency—hence the interest involved. It involves an interest of no mean value, and willjustify the cost be what it may. The principle will hold good in this case as in the purchase of goods. the cheapest is often the dearest. Complete victory here for the people may cost something, but will it not pay better in the end than defeat, even without ,,cost. Extremes may be the price, but even if 1 a universal absolute refus: to purchase a. pound of monopoly wire was the price of victory for the people, are they not ready to do it? Every pound the people purchase of monopoly wire contributes to monopoly victory. Every purchase of anti-monopoly wire weakens monopoly, for monopoly can only be maintained by patronage. So will patronage foster and maintain anti-monopo- y. Capital, legitimately used, is an indispensa- ble element, for b it business, in all its avenues, is vitaliz So is the atmosphere an indispensable element, for as life could not exist without it, neither could business without capital. But when the atmosphere becomes the sweeping, destructive tornado, it is damaging rather than useful; so may capi- ta! be oppressive and destructive to general interests, and may be so damaging as to spread blight and mildew in its course, and retard industry instead of stimulatin it. A fair, open discussion of this pro lem is all important. The public sentiment will thus be educated and prepared to act for its own interests and preservation of its rights. The press has alrea.dy_done_much for the poo le in ventilating this subject. It is right tha the ress should be on the side of the people. ight will at last win.—Iowa Grange Visitor. THE Farmers’ (Ohio) Advance says: “ If you want to be both miserable and useless in the Grange, be always thinking about yourself and of what other people are think- ing of you. Study every remark made, to see if it cannot be construed into a slur on yourself.” J osrr BILLINGS says : “Most men concede that it looks foolish to see a boy dragging a heavy sled up hill for the fleetin' pleasure of riding down again. But it appears to me that the boy is a sage by the side of a young man who works hard all the week and drinks up his wages on Saturday night.” A IIANDFUL of common sense is worth a bushel of learning. ‘ "“'*'o.w‘.-. ._ ~>..—.,.«_...._-A .... __ , AUGUST 15, 1882. ®'U1.*1.’¢$1IflllIIttIt2- lnghsm County Pomona Grange. Bro. (lobb,-—-In looking over the last VIS- ITOR, the first thing that met my eye was Pomona’s call in the Ladies‘ department. Commencing to read I thought the words seemed familiar but was not quite sure where I had heard it, until I came to the second verse. The ninth day of June, '&3. In an instant our mind went backward to the ninth of June, when as early as six o‘clock A. )1. we were seated in our carriage with our neighbor and his wife, speeding away to at- tend ameeting of Ingham county Pomona Grange which was called at Fltcbburg, some twenty five miles from our home. I remarked to my sister on starting that I did not care very much about going as I was too tired to enjoy any thing. But she said “it will do you good to get away?” and indeed it did, for in a short time we found our spirits rising as the horses drew us swiftly toward our place of destination, and aswe gazed around us, we thought how wondrously beautiful were the landscapes, with their settings of farm houses scattered here and there? and the restful quiet of all nature, impressed us with the scene, never to be forgotten. We shall remember long in the future the welcome we received on our arrival at Fitchburg grange. Would I had the pen of a ready writer to minutely describe to you the new and com- modious hall so tastefully decorated with grain, fruits, and flowers, its canary bird warbling in its cage, its splendid choir of young brothers and sisters who discoursed excellent music while the guests were arriv~ ing; and the older members who vied with each other to do honor to their Brother and Sister patrons. It was soon ascertained that Worthy Deputy J. C. Holbrook was not present and many regrets were expressed, for some had come over from J ackson coun- ty and others a long distance to see and hear this new General Deputy for Michigan. Time passed swiftly,-and soon the busy sisters had spread the feast, and all were in- vited to partake of the good things so bounti- fully provided, and although we felt some- what timid when we found ourselves seated so near A. King, yet we noticed the Gran- gers feasted him right royally, and it was whispered that an Angeli hovered over at the opposite table. Be this as it may, the good things vanished quickly, and soon the gavel was sounded by Worthy Overseer, Geo. W. Phelps, and the program immedi- ately called. Sister A. Lawrence read the address of welcome, Pomona’s Call, which was so well received that the Grange re- quested that it be sent to the VISITOR for publication. This was followed by music, essays, select reading, and papers by broth- ers which brought out some very lively dis- cussion. The meeting was prolonged until late in the afternoon and all pronounced it one of the most enthusiastic meetings held this year. Kind friends cared for us during the night and we returned home next morn- ing feeling much refreshed, both in mind and body. Brothers and Sisters, perhaps this would never have been written had I not believed in giving honor to whom honor is due. . By this I mean Sister Lawrence, to whom should be credited Pomona’s Call, and to the Brothers and sisters in the south part of the county who work hand in hand with our County Grange in promoting the wel- fare of the Order. ONE WHO was THERE. Okemos, July 23, 1882. ‘Easlport Grange, No. 470. Bro. Cobb .-—As we are curious to know the reason of everything, we would like to _ ask Brother Moore why he did not give us a call in his round of vfiits to the Granges of the Grand Traverse country. Perhaps he thought we were not of much consequence. Be that as it may, most'everybody likes to be noticed whether they deserve to be or not, and if I am a judge of outward appearances we have some as good Grangers in our little band as there are to be found anywhere; and if we are so constituted as not to be capable of converting the world, it is not -our fault. ~ There is a depth of feeling unexpressed, that would move the world if it could be brought to bear upon the people as we look around us. But our cause is something like the Utah question ; our greatest hope of suc- cess in the future lies in the education of the young. And while we are educating the head let us not forget to educate the heart «also, by example as well as precept, never forgetting the first impressions made -upon the minds of our children are the ones that take the deepest root and effect their after lives’. Now, Bro. Moore, we do not have any car- riages or livery teams, but plenty of farm teams and farm wagons, and enough good ‘Grangers to convey you to any point you wish to go, out of pure love of doing it. Besides we will promise you plenty to eat during your stay with us and our best wishes for your future success. Lscrunna. J uly 23, 1882. TEE GRANGE VISITOR. Leclurer’s Communication, National Grange P. of H. SUBJECT FOR DISCUSSION FOR AUGUST. Question. Are railroad corporations sub- ject to legislative control ‘.’ Suggestion. Railroads have rights that must be respected, and they should be pro- tected iu them. They are an important factor in the commerce of the country; a useful appendage to agricultural prosperity ; properly managed, an advantage to the whole country. Their relations with other interests should be of the most amicable character. When these corporations assume authority not justified, there they. in a measure, destroy the right of respect. When they deny that agriculture, which furnishes 85 per cent of their trade, is not of as much importance to them as they to agri- culture, they ignore the element that sup- ports them. When they become arbitrary in their management and oppressive in their demands, then they lose their useful- ness, and ignore the objects for which they are created. Railroad corporations have received in subsidies, local and National, over 200,000,000 acres of public land, and over $300,000,000 in money and its equival- ent in aid of their construction. Corporate owners claim now that it is all their private property, and as such it cannot be control- led by legislation. A man invests his money in a grist mill, it is his private property, but when he turns it into public use the public by legislative laws controls the amount of tell the owner may take. So it is with ferries, the boat owned by an indi- vidual is private property, but its use and charges are controlled by law. Private property turned into public use has always been controlled by legislation. And why should not railroads also be so controlled ? let this question be well considered, so as to be thoroughly understood, then we can act wisely in the premises. Society for the Promolion of Agricultural Science. The third annual meeting of the Society for the promotion of agricultural science will be held at Montreal, August 21 and 22, com- mencing at 9 A. M., at the rooms of the Natural History Society. The hotel head- quarters will be at the Windsor. The thirty-first meeting of the American Associ- ation for the Advancement of Science com- mences at Montreal Wednesday, August 23d, and as most of the members of our soci- ety are also members of the American Asso- ciation, it seems unnecessary to make special arrangements where so many facilities and courtisies will be extended. unasked, to all who attend. The followinglmembers have forwarded to the Secretary t e titles of papers to be read or presented. The Secretary will remind members of the vote passed at the Cincin- nati meeting, that an abstract of the aper must be forwarded or handed to the ecre- tary on or before the date of the meetings can be wisely arranged by the committee in charge. The meetings will be open to the public, and a reasonable time will be grant- ed for the discussion of subjects presented, by all who desire, under the rules, to take part :- FL. B. Arnold, A. M.—Origin of Butter at. Patrick Barry, E4q.—Underdraining. W. J. Beal, Ph. D.—l. Testing Seeds at different Temperatures. 2. Varieties of Red Clover. C. E. Be:.sey, Ph. D.—The Phyllomania of the Red Elm, a new disease attacking fruit trees. T. J. Burrill, Ph. D.—Notes on Parasitic Fungi. G. C. Caldwell, Ph. D.—The Maintenance Ration. Pet Collier, M. D.—Upon the methods for the estimation of the so called Reverted Phosporic Acid in Commercial Fertilizer. 2. Results of my investigations the past four years upon the Sorghum. J. Henry Comstock, B. Sc.—The best methods of destroying Scale Insects. A. J. Cook, M. Sc.-—-Experiments with bees and other Insects. Geo. H. Cook, Ph.-D,—The study of soils. C. H. Dwinelie—Horticutural Quarantine. VV. G. Farley, Ph. D.—On some diseases of cultivated Blackberries. F. A. Gully, B._ Sc.—The Food Value of Cotton Seed. B. D. Halsted, D. Sc.—The soil a factory, not a mine. W. H. Jordon, M. Sc.—-On the non-albu- menoid nitrogen of Timothy at different stages of growth. R. C. Kedzie, M. D.—The source of nitro- gen of plants. A. R. Ledoux, Ph. D.—-The past, present and future of Peruvian Guano, chemically, agriculturally and politically considered. I. P. Roberts, M. Agr.—Pulverizing and stirring the soil. D. E. Salmon, D. V. M.—-Our Animal Plagues and the means of controlling them. J. W. Sanborne, B. S.—The relation be- tween the relative and absolute quantities of food and water taken, to the amounts of food nutrients assimilated. J. J. Thomas, Esnq.—Germination of Seeds. W. W. Tracy, . Sc.—The influence of Soils on the germination of Seeds. E. LEWIS STURTEVANT, Secretary, P. 0; Address, Geneva, N. Y. W. J. BEAL, President, E. LEwIs STURTEVANT, Sec’y, } Com. L. B. ARNOLD. An Important Circular. Several papers recently have commented on a suit brought b this company against one of the agents 0 the Mosely & Stoddard Manufacturing Company, before the United 8512.088 Circuit Court, District of Connecti- cu . These papers got their information from an article written undoubtedly by the attor- neys of the Mosely & Stoddard Manufactur- ing Company, and orig’ sally published in the New Haven, Conn., papers, where they (the attorneys,) at the time were re- siding, for the purpose of giving their clients all the aid and comfort they could,by leading the public to believe that the case was sub- mitted to the court, and was decided on its merits—which is not true. The facts are these :-— The suit was brought for the infringement of the third or process claim of F. G. But- ler’s re-issue patent, No. 9,302, dated July 20, 1880. The evidence was all taken and closed late in 1881. Early in 1882 the United States Supreme Court, to the surprise of the bench and bar of the whole country, took a position with reference to reissues which rendered our right to have this particular claim in this particular way questionable. The defendents in the above suit managed toget the case opened, after the Supreme Court took such position. in order to get the benefit thereof, on the ground that its coun- cil had'not managed the case well. On June 23d, the suit was dismissed on our own motion, for the purpose of having this patent. put in accord with the views as expressed above by the Supreme Court, and when this is done the suit will he proceeded with, and pushed to a speedy termination. Users of milk setting apparatus and the trade will do well to note the exact condi tion of this contest. VERMONT FARM MACHINE Co. Bellows Falls, V3,, July 5, 1882.- The Public School System of Michigan——ln Briel—— 1882. THE SYSTEM. Oflicera. —— Superintendent of Public In- struction, State Board of Education, County Boards of School Examiners, Township Boards of School Inspectors, District Boards. Schools. — Primary schools, graded and high schools, city schools. Higher and Special Inslituh'ona.—Univer- sity of Michigan, State Normal School, State Agricultural College. Benevolent and Reformatory Institutions. State Public School, State Reform School, Reform School for Girls, Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, School for the Blind. Other Agencies.—State and County Insti- tutes, State Teachers’ Association, State Association of City Superintendents. Coun- ty and Township Teachers’ Associations. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC IN- STRUCTION. Elected by the people; term two years; has general supervision of the public schools and of State educational institutions; col- lects and tabulates statistics of the State; apportions the primary school interest fund to the counties; gives information to school ofiicers upon construction of school law; prepares and furnishes blanks for school officers; organizes and visits teachers’ insti- tutes, and appoints instructors for them; receives reports from superintendents of schools, and from all State and chartered institutions; makes annual reports to the Governor, and causes the school laws to be published; visits all State educational insti- tutions, and meets with the governing boards of such at least once in each year; de- livers lectures on educational subjects: ap- points visitors to the University and all chartered educational institutions; is a member and secretary of the State Board of Education, and is also a member of the State Board of Geological Survey; appoints a Deputy Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion, whois empowered by law to act in the absence of the Superintendent or in case of a vacancy in the office. STATE BOARDS. State Board of Education. - Consists of the Superintendent of Public Instruction and three other members elected for six years ‘each by the people; has control of the State Normal Soho 31; is authorized to grant certificates to teachers, and also prepares questions for the use of those boards that are authorized by law to examine and license teachers. Board of Regents of the State U/n‘versity.— Consists of eight members, two being elect- ed biennially by the people for a term of eight years; has entire control of the Uni- versity of Michigan. , Boards of 0ontrol.——-Ofother State institu- tions are variously constituted; the members of such are usually appointed by the Gov- ernor. COUNTY BOARD OF SCHOOL EXAMINERS. Consists of three members; one appointed each year for a term of three years, by the chairmen of the several township boards of school inspectors; holdstwo regular exam- inations each year, and licenses competent teachers for one, two, and three years; when necessary, suspends and revokes certificates; holds joint meetings annually with the chairmen of the several township boards of school inspectors to counsel ~«.u.5 advise rela- tive to the best interests of u..- .-4.-hools. The Secretary of the County Board is chosen by the Board and is its executive ofiicer; in cases of necessity he examines teachers and gives special certificates which are valid until the next examination by the Board; visits schools that are reported as be- ing unprofitablv conducted to investigate causes of complaint, and report results to Board for its action; makes annual reports to the Superintendent of Public Instruction. TOWNSHIP BOARD OF SCHOOL INSPECTORS. Consists of the Township Clerk, ex ofiicio, and two inspectors, one being elected each year for a term of two years;-—the Inspector whose term will soonest expire is the chair- man. The Board organizes school districts, changes the boundary of the same when necessary; locates sites for school houses on failure of district to agree; appoints district officers when districts fail to elect; compiles the district reports, and forwards the same to the County Clerk, to be b him transmit- ted to the Superintendent 0 Public Instruc- tion ; has care and management of the town- ship library. The chairman of the Board visits each school in the township at least once each term; advises teachers and school oflicers; re- ports to Secrets of Co. Board such schools as are unprofitab y conducted; meets annual- iiy with the chairmen of the several other ownship Boards of Inspectors, to appoint a member of the County Board of School Ex- aminers; also meets annually with the County Board to counsel and advise as to the best interests of the schools; makes semi- annual reports to the County Board of School Examiners. DISTRICT BOARD. 1. Board consists of three members: A Director, a Moderator and an Assessor; one elected each year for a term of three years. Board has custody of school property; re- ports taxes: manages school funds; purchas- es and leases sites, and builds school houses; fills vacancies in its own number; employs teachers, and provides for‘ at least the mini- mum amount of school in each year; pre- scribes text-books and establishes all neces- sary regulations for the management of the schools. , 2. Boards of six trustees may be elected in districts having more than one hundred children; powers and duties same as above, except that they may in addition, establish high schools. The Director is the clerk and executive oflicer of the Board; keeps record of proceed- ,==.°-*-=«-‘=-'.-=1-1-’=---w'-er-r---75:37.‘-:<=2.~..w-=—:- *' ' r-»-— - r . » m_r ings; takes annual census ofchildren; draws and signs contracts, and warrants, and or- ders on school funds; gives notices of dis- trict meetiugs; and countersigns contracts, and warrants, and orders on school funds. The assessor has charge of school district funds, appears for the district in all legal proceed in gs. 3. Boards in cities, having special school charters are so variously constituted that it would be difii--ult to describe them in this connection; their powers and duties are, however, similar to the above EnUca'T1o.\*AL nmscroar. Superintendent of Public Instruction, ofilce at Lansing; V. B. Cochran, Superin- tiendent; W. L. Smith, Deputy Superinten- ent. University of Michigan, located at Ann Arbor; J. B. Angeli, President; number of students, 1,534. State Normal S0001, located at Ypsilanti; Daniel Putnam, Acting Principal; number of students, 492. State Agricultural Coll -ge, located at Lansing; T. C. Abbott, President; number of students, 221. Institution for the Deafand Dumb, located at Flint; Thomas Mac Intire, Principal; number of pupils, 249. School for the Blind, located at Lansing; J. F. ML-Elroy, Superintendent; number of pupils, 55. State Public School for Indigent and De- pendent Children, located at Coldwater; L. P0.0Alden. Superintendet; number of pupils, 3 . State Reform School, located at Lansing; C. A. Gower, Superintendent; number of boys, 309. Reform Schools for Girls, located at Adri- an; Miss Emma A. Hall, Superintendent; number of girls, 25. ’ State Teachers’ Association; Meets annu- ally at Lansing, during the last week in December; W. J. Baal, Lansing, President; D. Howell, Three Rivers, Secretary. SCHOOL REVENUE. Revenue for school purposes is derived as folio ws:— l. The revenue on permanent fund in the hands of the State arising from the sale of primary school lands, apportioned to the counties by the Suprintendent of Public Instruction, upon the number of children in districts having maintained the requisite amount of school. Used only for teachers’ wages. 2. The one mill tax levied on each town- ship by the Supervisor; used only for school and library pur oses, and apportioned to each district in t e township upon the same basis as the primary school interest fund. 3. Local or district taxes, voted by the people for building and other purposes, ex- cept for teachers’ wages and individual ex- penses of the schoil which is determined by the board. 4. The surplus of dog-tax remaining after damage done to stock by dogs have been paid, apportioned in the township where collected, upon the number of children as shown by the school census. 5. Fines for breaches of the penal laws, appointed to the towships by the County Treasurer. Used for the support of libraries. but may be used in any year for general school purposes when so ordered by the township board. MISCELLA NEOUS. ' Districts to draw public money must maintain school at least tthree months, if having 30 children ; five months if having 30 or more childrenn; nine months, if more than 800 children. Any one over five years of age may attend school. The school census includes those from five to 20 years of age. srarrsrrcs oF_1S81. School population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518,294 School enrollment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371,743 Number of ungraded school districts.. 6,115 Number of graded school districts. . . . 411 Number of school houses. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,576 Estimated value of school houses and sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,38-1,701.00 Average school ear in months . . . . . . . 7.7 Average schoo year in months, in graded districts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 Total number of teachers employed. . . 14,472 Total wages of teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,024,915.99 Average wages of teachers males. . . 836.98 per month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i females . $25.78 Average wages of teachers males. . . 874.11 per month in graded sc‘s. E fema.les.. 836.85 REVENUE. From balance from preceding year. . . From primary school iuterest fund . . . From.one-mill tax in townships . . . . . . From district taxes for all purposes. . From all other sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $657,209.59 533,340.49 507,148.53 2,289,150.52 336,728.09 ___._—. Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,323,577.22 GROWTH OF THE SYSTEM. Year.[Av.No..N_o.ofi No. of 1 No. of §Tota.l a‘mt fdys s’hlld1st’s.lteachersqchildren.-p‘d teach’rs. l836-_; 70; _'5 9S_ 2,33% 3 3,510.32 -_ ‘ ._ . l t'.., , .4 i333--1 .335 W iii?‘ .§’i"‘é%Z' .i‘i'ii3"S - ' 4,057 7:920 24c,so2l ,. .. in is-‘.93 lids: ’ " ~_‘ .-3 -. ‘l 1.31, 6,526 14,4721 THE cause of so many disputes between capital and labor lies in the present wage system. Take away the labor, and capital could not exist. If you remove capital or any portion of it labor can create more; it is, therefore not so dependent on capital, as capital upon labor. N o sane man would think of investing his capital in an enter- prise, if he did not have the assurance that he could employ labor to carry on his business. Since they must operate together they must assume the proportions of a part- nershi , in which one invests his none the ot er his brain and muscle.—T. Powderly, in North American Review. THE demand of Jay Hubbell for cam- paign contributions from the government em loyes in Philadelphia is as follows: .$5, 39 36 from the custom house, $6,723.21 from the navy vard, $6,420.18 from the mint, $6,536.75 from the postofiice, and $649.52 from the sub-treasury, a total of $25769 02. Do not forget that leached wood ashes makes one of the most valuable special man- ures. The house that hasa great pile of ashes about it has an owner that does not know his business. The shi ments of beet cattle to England seems to. e largely changing now to that of dead meat. An English cotemporary in noticing the arrivals for a week says, there were no live sheep received. The total con- signments were 953 cattle, 3,0l5 quarters of beef, and 62 carcases of mutton DIICIIIGAN FEMALE SEMINARY. - KALAMAZ00, MICH. Board and tuition, $175 per school year. Location delightful. School on the Mt. Holyoke plan. In- fluence Christian, but not sectarian. Fine libra cabinet, telescope and musical instruments. F term begins Sept. 7, 1382. For catalogue or further information, address l5june6t PRINCIPAL. PRIGE LIST OF SUPPLIIS Kept in the omce or the Secretary of the MICHIGAN STATE GRANGE, And sent out Post Paid, on Receipt of Cock Order, over the seal of a Subordinate Grange, and the aigmzturc of its Master or Secretary. Porcelain Ballot Marbles, er hundred, . . . . . . .. 76 Blank Book, ledger ruled, or Secretary to keep accounts with msu1bers,.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 Blank Record Books, (Ex res: paid), . . . . . . . . .. 1 00 Order Book, containing 10 Orders on the Trees- urer, with stub, well bound, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Receipt Book, containing 100 Rocei to from Treasurer to Secretary, with stub, we bound, 50 Blank Receipts for dues, per 100, bound, ..... . . 60 fipphcations for Membership, per 100,. . . . . . .... 50 ember-chi Cards, per 100, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 60 Wf1tl_idx-a_wa Cards, per doz., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25 Dumts, in envelo as, per doz.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 By-Laws of the fate Grange, single copies 10¢, per doz., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 76 By-Laws, bound, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . .. 30 “ Echoes,” with music. Single copy 15 cu. doz., . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . .. 1 80 Rituals, single copy, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 26 “ er doz., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 40 “ or Fifth Degree, for Pomona Granges, per copy, Blank “Articles of Association" for the Incorpo- ration of Subordinate Granges, with Copy of Charter, allcomplete, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Notice Dehnquent Members, per 100, . . . . . . .. Deh<:la.1:rt.13n of Purposes, per doz., 512.; pot on e , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. American Manual of Parliamentary Law. . . . . 60 u u u u M (Mo_ rocco 'l'.‘uck,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._... 1 00 Address of J. J. Woodman before the Nation- al Grange——per dozen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Address of Thos. K. Beecher—-per dozen .... .. 10 Digest of Laws and Rulings, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:0 Address, J. T. COBB, Sadr Mica. Sun Gnxou, SCHO0LcBAFI‘,I(IOE MICHIGAN CENTRAL R. 23. DEPARTURE or 'rn/use raox KALAKA100. TIMETABLE -—MAY 15, 1882. WESTWARD. Accommodation leaves,_ “ arrlvos, Evening Express, ..... -_ Pacific Express Mail ____________________________________ -_ Day Express.------..-- ---..---_--..----------i _--_- Local 2‘ _ 9 18 -..... EASTWARD. Night Express,__..-___---_ Accommodation laavos,__-_ “ arrives,-__ Mail ‘- Day Express, ________________________________ _-i New York Express,__ Atlantic l'}xpress,_...__--_--..-_---_ New York, Atlantic and Pacific Expresses daily. ' Expreas west and Night Express east daily except Saturdays. All other trains daily except Sundays. Freight trains carrying passengers out from Kalamazoo as follows: No :0 (east) at 5:30 P. M., and No. 20 (west) at 7:157. H. B. Llmrnm, Gen. Manager, Detroit. .1. A. Gurus, General Freight Agent, Chicago. 0 W. Ruuotus, G. P. at '1‘. A., Chicago. L- S. & 15.43. S. R. R. KALAMAZO0 DIVISION Tun: TABLE. (Time 15 minutes faster than Kalamazoo.) GOING SOUTH. —”“' "s‘r'5‘z:“s“v‘is; Express. Ex 5 1 1800mm, 425 Pu‘. _. 917 (L510 (1 1015 H ‘ mo ‘- 1050 «~ : 722 “ H _,1145 “ ‘; 320 -- ._. 535rx1 245Au -- 1010 “ 705 “ Ar,Bufl'alo ................... _. 355 Al 1 10 PM GOING NORTH . N Y a B N r in 0 [Ex & M:Express.lw‘y h‘ Le. Buffalo __..__________--_.__._!.12 145 mm 2511:’ : Ar. Cleveland ___---__ l 7 1'.?.'(Fui&‘i?;Ti21§"“" Ar. Allogan ---- All trains connect at White Pigeon with trains on main line. A. G. AISDIN, Supt. Kalamazoo Division, Kalamaloo. CHICAGO & GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. ‘ corrected Time-—T;;l:—May~ 14, 1882. TRAINS WEST. Day Pacific Way . Express. Express.|ll'r-oizht. No. 4. No. 6. 17507: 425ml Bnrious. . Port Huron -.....-._ Imlay City Lapeor._.-.._--__. 867 “ ->~x<>v-u-Er-“Sou-I EKSSSQSSSSS ii’ mD'Ib{ClONI-I:’7‘::5‘© SSSSSSSESEE 9 3 -do-pr-cox.-ore»-'5-iv’-"5'a>eo 538o'333§g5S§’-$3 TRAINS EAST. innuna Atlantic Night 1 Ex recs. Express. Express. 0.1. No. 3. No.6. . Chicago _.._-_____.__ 8 50 an 5 15 Pl . Valparaiso--- ____ 11 30 " 745 “ South Bend ____ __ 1 07 Pl 9 17 Oassopelis __._.____ 1 " 1000 Schoolcraft -..-- “ 10 48 - “ 10 59 “ 12 01 “ 1 04 u u S-rumors. 8 is K is won~l:zuo-uIL¢a:NNu>-4:‘-<9 :- 8835838838..-.'.3 .. . .. . .. .. . .> n .. .. . . .. .. .. -: WW-10130955’) §355S33'c'>‘3S Ar. Port Huron -6706-‘—‘— 10-3,5";- All trsiuzhruu by Chicago time. Sunday. Gm. B. Runs, 8. It. Oanuwu, Trafllc Manager. General Superintendent. For information as to rates, up ly to I. P. K Inn‘ Agent, Bohoolcnn, Mich. P *7‘ All trains daily except ‘v .. ... ..-..-:i1z.-_~..:_..- 4 ‘SEE GRANGE. VISITOR. A ['6 l‘E'l' 15, 1582. @112 firings isitm. SCHOOLCRAFT. — — AUGUST 15. Single copy, six months,-___-_--_..__-_ 25 Single copy, one year,_.._-_.-___...---_ 50 Eleven copies, one year _---_---_.. _-_ 5 00 To ten trial subscribers for three months we will send the Vrsrroa for ........ --__$1 00 Address, J. T. Coma, Schoolcraft, Mich. Sample copies free to any address. §¢wtIatn’s Eeinlmol. J.T.CosE, - - - - SCHOOLCRAFT. THE STATE CAPITOL ENGRAVING. We have sent several dozen lithographs of the State Capitol to those entitled to ‘them by virtue of having sent us five or more names of subscribers and $2.50, since our offer in the VISITOR of March 15th. If we have neglected to send to any person entitled to this fine engraving we shall promptly forward it on receipt of notice. UNTIL WITHDRAWN THIS Is MADE A STANDING oErER—rIvE NEW sUBscRIEE@ 1-‘on oNE YEAR WILL ENTITLE THE PER- soN SENDING Us THE NAMES AND $2.50 To A SPLENDID LITHOGRAPH OF THE sTATE CAPITOL or MICHIGAN, sIzE or SHEET 22x28 INCHES. STATE GRANGE PIC NIC AUGUST 16th. As stated in the VISITOR of August 1st, at committee of the Ingham county Grange had undertaken to make arrangements with railroads for transportation to Lansing by special trains on the 16th inst. I learn from the committee that they undertook to per- fect this work through an excursion mana- ger of Detroit who after exhausting all the V seasonable time required for this sort of work, reported to the committee that he had been bafiied and had effected arrange- ments for special trains only over the To- ledo, Ann Arbor and Grand Trunk railway. Leaving Hawthorne the first station named on the bill sent me, at 6:50 and arriving at Lansing at 11:30. On the Detroit, Lansing and Northern a special train will be run leaving Green Oak at 9:10 and arriving at Lansing at 11:30: This excursion manager mentions that there is an excursion adver- tised from Ann Arbor, via Michigan Cen- tral to Lansing on the 16th. And this is substantially all that this middleman has accomplished. Prof. Beal writes me that the Lake Shore are to make an extra train from White Pigeon and half-rates from Adrian. Tick- ets good from 15th to 17th inclusive.” Michigan Central half rates on regular trains.” We have now given everything that has come to us from an authorized source. To provide for the contingency of failure to make good this special on the L. S. & M. S. from White Pigeon, we applied to Supt. Amsden, of the Grand Rapids Di- vision, and through him got a promise from the Superintendent of the Lansing division, that the mixed train for J oi-iesville, which usually leaves Lansing at 2 P. 11., should be held until 5 P. M. The Superintendent of the Lansing Division added that he could get no coaches or he would run a special over that division. This arrangement will enable all those living on that division who wish to get to Lansing on the 16th to go and get home in good season; and also pro- vide for those on the main line who are willing to be out a little late. Regular trains on the Grand Trunk east of Lansing run on very good time to get to and away from there the same day. From the west the show is poor for much accommodation though real ambitious peo- ple can get up and take the night train in the very early morning and have time to do the city. of Lansing before their friends from other directions arrive. Round trip tickets at two cents per mile each way will be good for the 15th and 16th. The following copy of a poster shows the work laid out for the 16th, by our Ingham county friends, and every Patron in the State who can get to Lansing without too great a sacrifice, should attend this third State Grange Picnic. With a good day we shall have a good time. * -is -it -x- -it «it- After writing the above and just before go- ing to press we have a dispatch from W. P. Johnson, General passenger agent of the L. S. & M. S. R. R., confirming Bro. Beal’s statement as to half-fare rates on that road on the 16th from White Pigeon to Adrian. A HARVEST FESTIVAL OF THE PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. Will be held under the auspices ofthe Michigan State Grange in Lansing, Wed- nesday, August 16, 1882, on the grounds of the Central Michigan Agricultural Society. There will be no attempt to make a street parade. A. S. West, Esq., Will have the general superintendence of the grounds. John H. Holbrook, Esq., will take charge of the speakers and invited guests. _Music will be furnished by the Lansing Knights Templar ' md A quartette of singers from Weston Grange choir has also been engaged to aid in the festival. It is not expected that members will wear their regalias, but no Grange should fail to bring its banner. After the basket lunch, which each Grange rovides for its mem- bers, the exercises wi I begin at 1 o’clock, I’. M., with the following PROGRAM: Music. Prayer by S. Steele, Chaplain of the State Grange. Music. Address of Welcome by John Holbrook. Reply by C. G. Luce, Master of the State Grange. Music. Address by Hon. J. H. Brigham, Master of Ohio State Grange. Music. Address by Hon. Aaron Jones, Master of Indiana State Grange. Music. Address by Hon. Thomas F. Moore, of Lenawee County. Music. The railroad arrangements are complete. The following named roads will run special trains or give reduced rates: Excursion trains will run on D , L & N. from the east, also from Ionia to Lansing. The Grand Trunk, Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, and Michgan Central will give reduced rates. With a fair day it is confidently expected that this Festival will bring together the largest company ever assembled in Michigan for a similar purpose. All are invited with- out referencc to party, religion, or occupa- tion. Let us spend one day in social recrea- tion. JOHN HOLBROOK, A. S. WEST, W. J. BEAL, Committee. RAILWAY LAND GRANTS. The power and rapacity of railway cor- porations have been fully illustrated in the history of our government lands. So great was the extent of the public domain that the people did not understand how it could ever be exhausted. The railway com- panies commenced their great raid upon these fertile lands about the year 1861, the time when the Republican party came into power, and it has been the custom to ascribe the success of the great robbery to the cor- ruption of the party in power. It ought rather to be ascribed to the rising power of corporate monopoly which had commenced to exhibit itself then but was not so well understood as itis now. It is a power which no political party has had sufficient purity and strength to resist. The history of the railway grants is well known. It has always been announced as the settled policy of our government to treat the great body of public lands as a sacred heritage for the people. A large portion of it was withdrawn from open market and ofiered as homesteads to the landless poor. The railway kings, however, understood the value of the vast expanse of western lands. It was a great prize and they re- solved upon its conquest. They grasped at areas sufficient for principalities and em- pires. They beseiged Congress and the departments and their haughty demands were seldom refused. For fourteen years the work of spoliation went on. In that time over one hundred and ninety-two mil- lions of acres were wrested from the people of this country and given up as a contribu- tion to increase the power and wealth of corporations which without such gifts were strong enough to dominate over all depart- ments of the government. The theory upon which these grants were made seemed plausible at first. They were given as subsidies to encourage the con- struction of railroads through unsettled por- 'tions of the country. It was assumed that such construction must for a long time be unprofitable and would not be undertaken unless the expected losses could in some manner be borne by the people. It was not understood then as it is now that subsidies were unnecessary and that the railway would have been extended as rapidly as was good for the country without hiring corpo- rations to do the work by giving them at the outset more than all the work to be done would cost. It has been shown that the value of the lands granted to the North- ern Pacific is more than thirty-four millions of dollars in excess of the whole cost of constructing the road. Some of the largest grants as tabulated’ in the Congressional Record, of July 29, were as follows: Alchi- son Topeka and Santa Fe, 3,000.000 of acres; Southern Pacific, 11,000,000; Texas and Pa- cific l8,000,000; The Union Pacific with the Central Pacfic and branches, 32,000,000; Northern Pacific, 48,000,000; Atlantic & Pa- cific, 49,000,000. ~ In 1875, after a. large portion of the public domain had been granted and appropriated, the people began to understand the extent of their loss, and so great was the indignation manifested that Congress was compelled to change this corrupt and extravagant system. Since then no new grants have been made, but we shall show that the influence of cor- porations upon Congress has not been check- ed, and that the people are still deliberately deprived of their property for the benefit of the corporations. In all of the land grants a condition was inserted to the effect that a certain amount must be completed each year, and the whole must be finished within a specified time. On the completion of each section of twenty miles a proportionate amount was to be put- ented, and if the whole road should not be completed within the specified time, the lands remaining unpatented were to revert to the government. In some cases it was provided that on failure, the act should become null and void, and the remaining lands should re- vert. It would seem that upon the expiration of the time the remaining lands would at once revert and be subject to homestead en- tries,but the Supreme Court held that it was a condition subsequent, and in order to re- store the people to their rights after it forfeit- ure of a grant, a special act of Congress must be passed. This has been the point so fatal to the people's interests. It required ii com- bination of the people and the press of the whole country to prevent our representatives from granting all thepublic domain bodilyto the railroads, butno imluencc has been strong eilougli to pass an act to take anything from tho corpo1'atious once in their possession. _\ great Ill2tjn1‘It_\' of these roads were not «~oinpleted within the specified time, and .-mne were not even commenced. Over 06,- o0o,ooo acres have been thus forfeited, and by the terms of the grants now belong to the people. This is an arealargcr than the great States of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois combined. This land is the same as if it had never been granted, and but for the strange decision of the Supreme Court would long ago have been open to settlement and improvement. But the necessary act of Congress cannot be pass- ed. It is evidently the intention to allow corporations to retain all of this land, which is equivalent to a wholesale grant as a free gift of all that vast territory. It is far more inexcusable than the original grants, for now there is not even the flimsy pretext that ex- isted then. There is no pretense that the work now requires any subsidy. And yet within the last few days the Judiciary Com- mittee to whom the matter was referred, have reported against restoring to the public domain the lands forfeited by the Northern Pacific. Can any proposition be more iniqui- tous than this. There is no pretense that the company has any right to the forfeited lands, or that they are necessary to enable it to fin- ish the road. The very object of making any grant has been defeated by delay. The settle- ment of the country has gone so far ahead of the road that the profits of its tratfic are al- ready excessive. The ' directors and manag- ers have amassed fortunes so colossal as to astonisli the world. It is to be hoped that the people will under- stand and remember these things. There is no mistaking the public sentiment on this sub- ject. It is so well known that no Congress would dare to make it new grant to ti railway company ; but it is almost unnoticed that they are doing for worse than to make a fresh grant of ninety-six millions of acres. No good citizen should give his vote in the com- ing congressional election to any man who is not solemnly pledged to devote himself to the restoration of these stolen lauds. AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION. It is a matter of State pride that we find Michigan professors of an agricultural col- lege so prominently interested in a society for the promotion of agricultural science. It is credible alike to the college, the State, and the individuals. Some of the papers will, no doubt, be very instructive, and some perhaps so much in advance of the popular mind as not to be specially attract- ive. The object of the Association is an ex- cellent one and the value of its work will be diffused wherever the spirit of progress which characterizes this century finds rec- ognition among the tillers of the soil. The names of members with the subjects of the papers to be read at the annual meeting of this year in the city of Montreal will be found on another page. WE shall send out :1 circular letter s0on,ad— dressed to c:1ndidates for congress and the legislature of this State. Thisletter will in- vite the candidates to place themselves on record on the question of accepting and using a pass while holding a legislative otlice. As we cannot know the parties in the sev- eral districts of the State, we ask the co-oper:t- tion of the Secretaries of County Gfanges, where such Granges exist, and in counties without such organization we invite some one to volunteer to attend to this business. To such volunteer we will send adozen copies of this circular letter, and it will then become his duty to write in the names of candidates and forward the letter, and on receipt of an- swers forward the same to me. VVe will summarize these answers and thus enable the voter to determine in advance whether he will or will not give his support to a system that places the legislative and judicial de- partments of the government under obliga- tions to the railway corporations. Let us have this work done this year, and let us have it done well. WE have received a very neat little folder probably from the oflice of State Superin- tendent of schools. It covers so much ground in so small a space that we decided to spread it before our readers. It may be found on our third page, and is a very com- plete and concise statement of the school and educational system of the State. It is conceded that the people of Michigan in general intelligence are very much above the average of the people of the United States. And yet buta very small percent- age of the people of this State have any definite knowledge of our educational sys- tem. And we feel safe in going farther and saying that a large per cent of those engaged in teaching could not give a very exact statement of the school system of Michigan as described in this little folder. We hope the attention of teachers will be called to this matter and suggest if they spend a little time on this subject in school once a week until their scholars understand the school system of Michigan, it will be a good thing for both teachers and scholars. SELLING WOOL AT HOME OR SHIPPING. That was the question which Patrons be- gan to agitatea few years ago. The occa- sion for discussion grew out of a widespread dissatisfaction with the home market. Far- mers in the years gone by have been rated dull and incompetent to do business. But we can’t remember when they were so stu pid as to be quite satisfied to see poor wool command almost the same price as good. While the man selling the poor might be well pleased with the price he obtained though he knew it was not right all around, yet the farmer who got but a cent or two more for a prime nice lot always felt wronged. From this condition of things grew a de- termination to make an effort to get this business on a more business like basis. No improvement could be expected while every village had buyers anxious to get their per cent on every pound they could buy. If they had such knowledge (which few had) as qualified them to discriminate and pay for wool according to its real value the de- sire to buy as much as possible and pocket the per cent for purchase set aside all other considerations. The remedy for the wool grower seemed to be to find a market where he could sell his product on its merits. Fol- lowing up this idea a few years ago here and there in this staiea knot of the more en- terprising farmers began shipping their wool. They had, of course, everything to learn about the business. Did not know where to or how to send it. Who to safely consign to, or what to do first to carry out their idea of sell ing their wool for what it was worth to_the manufacturer, less the cost of transportation and necessary ex- penses. But the work was commenced and followed up from year to year until from many localities shipments are regularly made by the grower to some one of the few great central wool markets of the country. The fact that each succeeding year these shipments have increased in quantity is the best evidence that the system is prac- tical and has been satisfactory to “the party of the first part” the wool grower. This matter having been discussed in subordinate and county Granges was presented to the State Grange at its annual session in 1880 and a special committee appointed to make diligent inquiry and report through the VISITOR the result of such inquiry with such suggestions and recommendations as seemed to the committee would be of advan- tage to the wool grower to follow. The chairman of this committee, Bro. Hiram Sbipman,of Grand Ledge, E-iton county, had experience in the business, being one of the pioneers in the work in this State. This committee discharged the duties im- posed upon them faithfully and a very much larger amount of wool was shipped by the Patrons of Michigan, on their own account in 1881 than ever before. The result was so satisfactory that as we understand still larger shipments were made this year, and so far we hear of no complaint. Our per- sonal knowledge of the matter as relates to the business of this year is confined to the shipment from our own locality. Last year afew farmers of this town shipped their wool, and were so W(II satisfied with the experiment that the same parties shipped again this year and as many more of their neighbors joined with them, shipping ear- lier than before. Sales were promptly made and the returns were entirely satisfactory to each and every one. Satisfied with the price because they got two or three cents a pound more than this market would have paid them. Satisfied with this manner of selling, because the returns show careful grading and prices that have some common sense relation to quality. The committee of the State Grange to which we have re- ferred recommended consignments be made to Fenno & Manning, of Boston, and we think their recommendation was very gen- erally followed by the Patrons of the State. Their reponsibiiity and reputation for fair dealing is now well established and if con- signors in other parts of the State are as well satisfied as are those of our town, we can safely say that their business through the Grange channels will be doubled an- other year. We would not have our readers suppose that none but Grangers have adopted this plan. Nearly one-third of the lot of wool shipped from here came from farmers who are not Patrons but who are sufiiciently wide-awake to see the advantage that comes of co operative effort. T0 MASTERS AND SECRETARIES. The resolution adopted by the Kalamazoo County Pomona Grange at its J une_ meeting is one of special importance at this time. Within a fewhfgeeks the various political parties will present candidates for legislative labors and honors, and as we have said, we propose to ascertain what these candidates think about accepting passes from railroads. The Granges of the State have been invited to take action on this preamble and resolu- tions. WHEREAS, It is a. patent and notorious fact that all our judges and all our members of legislative bodies travel for business or pleasure under the influence and obligations of a free railroad pass. and thus virtually accept a bribe to influence oflicial rulings grid actions in their ofiicial capacity; there- ore, Resolved, That we, as members of Kalama- ~. zoo County Pomonai Grzuige, hereby pled e ourselves, without reg;u'(l to previous par y ufiili:ltio1is,tli:it we will not, by our vote or otllerwise. aid in the election of':mv man for a._ legislative or _Illtll(‘l2l.I ofiice who does not give Ill udvzuice it public pledge that he will neitllcr accept or use free railroad passes during his otlicinl term of oilicc. Resolvedfm-(her, That we cordi:illy invite otllcl’ Poliloliil and Sl1I,m1‘dinate Grunges in the State of Michi run to adopt the same or :1 .-'imil;tr pledgc, am have the some published ill the Gil.-\_\'(-‘Ii \'1sI'rm;, Will SPCl‘(’I£ll‘I(‘S fo1‘\\’:l1'd to me at once the rc.~'ult of such action wlxcrc the Inatter has been presented. and _\vlit-rc it has not, see to it that these resolution are discussed at the next inecting, and the action of the (,}1'a-iige for- warded to me in time for publication in the next \'I.siroi>.. Please be prompt in attend- ing to this maitter. ____________________ PATENTEES IN COURT AND WHAT IT PROVES. (),\' our third page is :1 reply and explana- tion from the Ye-rinont l\I:ui111'a(-tiiriiig (‘om- puny in relation to thelitigatioii involving one of their patents. Only a short time ago we were assured by the defendants in this suit that their right had been sustained by the court, and now comes the plaintiff com- pany and explains the case in ii difl'erei1t man- ner, aud warns all purchasers and users of the peril of mistakes. Probably each side he- lieves itself in the right, and sales ofthe arti- cle will go on as if there were no contest. The courts, the attorneys and the parties themselves are all in confusion as to the con- tlicting claims. Very likely the trial of the case will only increase confusion until the knot is cut by an arbitrary decision, and then the users who happen to purchase of the los- ing party are as liable to liezivy penalties as if they had committed some crime. This case is only 21 type of :1 ntajority of patent right ditliculties. It is rarely the case that a patented article is deliberately lIlllllllf{lCIlll‘€(l and sold in violation of 21 p:1tcniee's right. The infringements arise largely from con- Ilicting claims. and there is no way Ii1'()\‘id(-(I to notify the public of the result, or even of the existence of :1 contest. Notliiiig is Iuore absurd and dzuigerousiii the jlll'lS]>l‘IltIf*ll(_‘€ of this country than the right of it patentce to prosecute the lllllh(‘t,‘llt user ofthc patented device and recover trcblc danlages and costs, pateutees, patent 1‘i-,,-‘lit attorneys and the rS'cz'.entific American to the cont1‘:i1'y notv\‘itli- Sitllldlllg. ________________________, IT seems quite unnecessary to say_ much about the weather and the wheat crop, for most farmers know all about it, and very many of them to their sorrow. Our people had the satisfaction in expectation a month ago of having their granaries well filled this year with golden grain. In the southern part of the State that satisfaction will be largely realized. A little farther north half of a good crop caught in the field by the storm of the last day of July, which was so closely followed by heavy rains through the week, that more or less damage was done to all wheat in the shock.- A little farther north with a heavy crop a still greater proportion of the wheat was overtaken by the terribly destructive week ofthe season. Such fitful and fatal weather so seldom visits our State, that the most prudent and careful farmers are suf- ferers in common with the more tardy and shiftless. From our observation we think the Clawson variety of wheat has sufl'ered more than any other in this vicinity. We hope to get the opinions ofothers throughout the State on this matter, as it is important in determing what to sow. Farmers, let us hear from you before the first of Septem- ber, upon this question of what varieties of wheat shall we sow.? ___.______?___ THE VISITOR for Aug. 1.-t., being off our hands, on Monday morning July 31, we started for northern Michigan and were ab- sent from our office one week. As we had no special business in that direction we sup- pose that we should say that was our summer vacation. We expected to have told our readers in this number all about it, but when we got home e found so much work that must be done, that we have been com- pelled to defer until the next issue further reference to this trip. ON our fifth page is a very fine description of the farm and some of the farming appara- tus of Worthy Master Woodman of the N a- tional Grange. We find it in the Michigan Farmer of a late date. Some of our readers will recognize in the initials of the writer a former able correspondent of the VISITOR. We give the article place as we know that many of our readers will be very much inter- ested in this farm, from the interest they take- in its owner. ___________________ FROM the olfice of Secretary of State, we have Crop Reports for July. Owing to the fact that it would occasion delay to set up the report and that on account of the State Grange Picnic we have no time to spare, _we shall have to let this go over. We are obliged to the Deputy Secretary for his ef- forts to furnish the report in season and under ordinary circumstances should use it. ______________________ Do not overlook the communication of Geo. W. Hill, on fifth page, nor the new advertisements of Buttrick and Watterson, and the Object Lesson Publishing C0,, of Kalamazoo. These nursery men made a good thing by advertising with us last year, 3 Id try again. -.-«assay--~' AUGUST 15, 1882. Qlummuniratime. Best Returns for Butter. To the Editor of the Grange Visitor.-——It has been my firm conviction for years that the farming community have not been re- ceiving as large returns for their products as they were entitled to obtain, and for the purpose of experimenting in my theory I have constructed at considerable expense a large refrigerator, for the storage of butter. This completed, I issued a circular to each Grange in the State, in which I fully set forth the great advantage to be derived from unity of action in the disposal of their sur- plus products, and laid before them my scheme for handling their butter. The great success of this initiatory movement has demonstrated the correctness of my position .to a much greater degree than I had dared to hope. To the invitation in my circular for Patrons to send me all their surplus but- ter product, I have had many responses, and all those who make and send first class butter are joyful with me at the returns they have received thus early in the movement. I will say right here however that all the butter sent me is not first-class by any means, and further, thata very large percentage re- ceived would be readily classed as “gilt edged” if it were not for the excessive quan- tity of salt it contains. I promised that if first- class butter was sent me I would seek a market for it with the consumer direct, thereby avoiding the retailer’s profits, and dividing the same between producer and consumer, and further, if steady and reliable supplies were assured I could soon obtain “fancy prices” from certain consumers who would only be too glad to pay liberally for an article that was much sought after. Now for the figures! at no time since the issue of my circular till the present, have the finest and choicest grades of butter been quoted more than 21 cents per pound in this market, and I am obtaining 25 cents for the higher grades, and will be able-to keep that advance in the market throughout the sea- son. These sales were made in the original “Record patent package,” which I furnish free to all persons who make first—class but- ter and send their orders through the regu- lar channel of the Grange. I wish to say to all those who may want tojoin me in this movement that first- class butter does not contain buttermilk nor salt in larger quan- tities than one ounce to the pound of butter, and Holmes extra sifted dairy salt is the best. It is my earnest desire that the Patrons of the State will soon concentrate their ener- gies and influence in their own interests, and show the world that they are an organ- ization entitled to respect and consideration, and that they are determined to become a power that will be feared in proportion as their influence on our civilization is recog- nized. As the regular authorized agent of the Or- der in this city, I expect to do my part in building up this grand consummation, and the marked success I have achieved in but one article of the product of the farm inspires me with confidence that if we but work in accord and harmony, and concentrate our patronage with each other, we will surely accomplish the desired result. Michigan this year will produce’ a large crop of apples and potatoes, and with your permission I will in a future issue of your valuable paper have something to say as to the best methods of disposing of these pro- ducts. I would respectfully ask all interest- ed to write me personally for any informa- tion they may want about disposing of their products, or as to the purchasing of mer- chandise of any kind. I will cheerfully aid them all I can. Respectfully yours, GEO. W. HILL. Detroit, Mich. - Preaching and Practice. Bro. Cobb :—Wo have been’ interested in the discussion of Bros. Hill and D. Wood- man on the question as to who should be eligible to the office of representative to the State Grange. It is generally understood that we are op- posed to monopolies of all kinds, yet we hold to one which is as unjust as many we oppose in others. And those who hold the power show the same spirit as those who ‘ control other monopolies. We hold the de- priving of one citizen of fights we grant to others, is on the same basis as giving one special rate for transportation, and if we are disposed to be just, if we oppose the one, we will. the other. We believe that any argument to prove that the present law in regard to this sub- ject ought to be a waste of words, and we oughtto persist in demanding its repeal, until we are heard. And if as one brother has said the National Master’s ears are yet deaf to this appeal, let us ‘pray earnestly that they may be opened to hear the pray- ersof his people. Now if it is him more than all others who prevents the repeal of thislaw and he is to govern; why have any representatives, is it not a waste of time and money. We are opposed to the establishing ofa dictatorship just now, and do not believe it will be safe to do so until we find men yho practice more of their preaching. VVe believe the founders ofthe Grange have done a gool and noble work for the farmer, when they established the Grange. But we do not believe they were perfect, and we be- lieve some of these laws are not right and just. And if we are true to the cause and (0 ourselves we will labor to make them better. \Ve preach, we Sllolllcl pay as we go. What do we practice. We solemnly obli- gate ourselves to support the by-laws of our Grange. In one phrase our by-laws say we shall pay dues quarterly. How many do :his? perhaps one-half or more. What do we do with those who do not pay. We en- courage in not paying, by not suspending as soon as they are in arrears. Why don’t we do it, the law is all right, yes, the law is all right, but there is a ruling that says, after a person has taken a solemn obligation to pay the sum of thirty cents once in 90 days and has failed to do it we must write a no- tice to this perjurer that his dues are due. Perhaps he pays, what then? This notifica- tion encourages him to wait until he is no- tificd again, and so on, and on. Suppose we pay our Secretary for this work with postage, trouble, etc., who would want to do it for less than twenty five cents each, and what is there left? Five cents if he pays. Now if it is right to do this for one in a Grange it is right to do it for all. If we areas honest with our Secretary as we are lenient with our perjured brother, we will pay him for this, (I was going to say dirty) work. If we do this where would the money come from to pay the expenses of those who monopolize the privilege of being sent to the State Grange. We believe a ruling like the above is well calculated to encourage members to practice the oppo- site of what our declarations teach, while we are not backward in calling for enact» merits in our civil laws to protect us, do not let us be backward in enforcing and im- proving our Grange laws that may be equally obnoxious or unjust. And do not let. us forget that while we require one per- son to pay dues in advance and let another go six months or sixty years, we are grant- ing special privileges which in other mat- ters we count as wrong. Frat ernally yours, J. C. ENGLISH. Lowell, Aug. 7, 1882. Morenci Grange. Bro. Cobb .-—It has been a long time since Morenci (inuige has made its appearance in the columns of the Yisiroii, but this does not imply that we are dead, not even sleeping. But we have been so crowded with work in the Order that we have not had time to let our neighbors know what we are doing. Our membership is very large, we are like a. hive of bees, each one seems to know where to take hold to work, and all seem willing to do so. Several very small swarms have been compelled to leave the paternal hive, not however on account of too many queens, but an overplus of drones, and our members are at present one huiidred and twenty seven. We coiifcrred the fourth (l(‘gl'(3€ upon eleven czuididutcs a few weeks ago, their ages i'zuig- ing from 14 to 7.3, represciiting youth and old age completely. We only confer degrees on each lirst and third Suturiluy evenings, leav- ing the other meetings for other business of the Order and our litei'ai'y exercises, which are Vei‘yi1itei‘estiiig. Yours frateiiially, Mus. GEO. Woonwoirrii, Secretary. Galesburg Grange, No. 18. Bro. Cobb .-—Gzilesburg Giuiige, No. 13, in session on July 20, took action on the resolu- tion relating to free passes, as set forth by the Kalamazoo County Pomona Grange at its June meeting, and adopted the same. Mus. J. T. ALLERTON, Secretary. Use the Free Wire. From Iowa Grange Visitor. Every farmer in Iowa should show his ap- proval of the great contest the Farmers’ Pro- tective Association has made in their inter- est, to break down the infamous barb wire monopoly of the Washburn combination. This ii ht has been successfully made for more t an a year, and ultimate success is more than assured. On January 2d, 1882, when the monopolists had, through treachery, closed up the free factory, they at once fixed the prices of wire at 10 and 11 cents a. pound to farmers. The re-opening of our factory soon after, compelled them to reduce the grice a cent a pound. Every farmer who uya wire has received the bane t of that re- duction. The association supp ies its mem- bers with wire at 2 cents a pound less than the mono oly un ertook to extort from farmers. ur prices are 7% cents for the best quality of cab e, 4 barb, painted steel wire, and 8% cents per pound for alvanized wire. This makes a saving to mom ers of 1% cents a pound over the reduced monopoly prices. Any farmer can become a member y send- ing one dollar to Secretary G. H. Crosby, at Grinnell, or W. L. Carpenter, Agent at Des Moines. Arrangements for low freight charges have been ma e, and every farmer in Iowa can not only save mone , but aid at good cause in the success of whic he is personally interested —by joining the association and buying his wire of his friends, instead of paying a tax to the common enem . Our association re- serves a. fund out 0 this low price for wire, of 9/4 of a cent a. pound on all wire sold, and this fund issafely secured in the hands of a Trustee to protect all purchasers of wire from any claims for infringement of an patent. Members take no rI_sks—they save money and aid in fighting their common en- emy. All orders for wire should be sent to W. L. Carpenter at Des Moines. M. L. DEVEN, President. G. H. Cnosnr, Secretary. Farm Items--The Farm of Hon. 1. l. Woodman. From the Michigan Farmer. To an appreciative farmer who keeps his ears and eyes open, a visit to a large farm is always attended with intrest and profit. The man who manages a large farm must ofneceseity be doing some things out of the usual way. He learns how to do things cheaplv and expeditiously, and to do this his arrangements and appurtenance must be convenient, his buildings commodious, his management effective and his system of farming fully abreast of the age. Your correspondent visited the farm of Hon. J. J. Woodman, to note a few of the prominent features in his practice and to cull a few items of interest for the readers of the Farmer. Mr. Woodman’s home farm lies partly within the corporate limits of the village of Paw Paw, and consists of 315 acres, 500 of which are under cultiva tion. Another farm of 264 acres, 100 acres of which are cleared, lies two and a half miles north, allof which is carried on by the same set of hands. He employs three men by the month, who board with him, besides day labor whenever occasion or an exigency may require. The dwelling house is large and commo- dious, with a pleasing exterior, and is filled with many unique and curious things gathered from his extensive travels in the States and in Europe. The farm ‘buildings are adequate to the needs of so large a farm an consist of a main building 41x60 feet the gable end fronting the road, with a drive way from end to end, with horse stables and granery on one side and bay on the other. Adjoining this on.the east, running the other way, and lapping on half way from the north corner in the form ofan L, is a sheep barn, 40x60, with a leanto on the rear, 20x60, making a build- ing 60x60 feet on the ground. Through this from the front is a driveway on a level with the ground, for filling the up- per story with hay and for removing the manure. This driveway is crossed by a draw bridge which separates it into two pens, and makes a connecting alley for feeding in winter. This ground story is divided into pens by the cross-sills, which rest on substantial mason work, and will accommodate about 400 sheep. Attached to the main building (so called) is a scale and carriage house, 25 feet square, with a loft for storing wool. In the rear of this is a leanto attached to the main building, 20x35 feet, used for feeding a lot of sheep. Bank of these, and across the yard, is a barn 32x58 feet, used for grain and stables; attached to this in the form of an L is an open shed and stabling 28x52 feet. East of the large barns stands a corn and hog house 25x57 feet; back of this is a tool house 20x28 feet, one half of which is floored to shelter plows, corn and hand tools, and the other half opens to the groundtorun in reapers, mowers, rakes, etc., Mr. Woodman keeps but few cattle on his farm, but depends on buying in the fall, and fattensa carload of steers each year. Has about 300 sheep well graded up, culls them judiciously and fattens those he does not wishto keep. His hogs are a strong cross of Poland, mixed somewhat with Essex. He considers the latter too small boned to stand the strain of handling when fattened—too many of them break down. He has tried all the breeds as they have ap- peared, and thinks the Poland the best type, all things considered. Mr. Woodman was one of the four Agri- cultural Commissioners appointed by Pres- ident Hayes in 1878 to attend the Exposition at Paris, and was assigned on his arrival to the department of Agricultural Products. This included all the various alimentary products of the soil from all lands, the grains, fruits, green and preserved, the farinaceous compounds such as tapioca, sago, arrowroot, cassava, the pastes used as sub- stitutes for bread, such as verniicelli, mac- aroni, semolina, etc., cheap preparations of which we know but little. The various grasses used for forage, and textile plants, were also under his supervision, so that the means of information on the agricultural products of the world were available and were well studied. Mr. VVoodman brought home seventeen varieties of wheat to test their value on our soil. Many of these were discarded the second year, and now only four remain as promising to be valuable. The varieties are a‘l winter wheat; the most promising now is the Australian White; this wheat took a gold medal in its class, the samples shown weighed 68 lbs to the bushel of clear, white berry. The growth now is fine, of medium height, it has a smooth, s uare, compact head, something like the iehl; the straw is stiff and stands well, will ripen about with the Clawson or a little before. The Australian Amber is not so promising, and is the one that will probably be thrown out as not suited to our climate. It _has a smooth head with white chaff; the straw is short and does not cover the ground swell. French Amber makes a better showing. This is the bread-making wheat of France; it stands well in height, a little above Aus- tralian White—has a bearded head, with large kernel, and if it partake of the char- acteristics which make it popular on its native soil, it will make an excellent mill- ing variety and become popular here. Mir- acle Wheat is an E ptian variety of white winter wheat. wit a branching head. This wheat is grown in France to some ex- tent, but does not take kindly to the soil and climate and is said to degenerate by cultivation there. This is the third season that Mr. Woodman has grown it, and it has improved each year, so that individual heads can be selected as flneasthose on exhibition at Paris. The straw is large and tall, and the spiklets which contain the kernel start out from the base of the head and form small, independent heads with fully developed seed. The heads while growing present a very unique appearance; they vary in size, but the average is about three inches long and an inch across near the base, and that flattened, the extra spiklets coming out on opposite sides of the center. Mr. Woodman will sow each variety separate again this fall, and if they sustain their present promise of excellence. they will be distributed for general cultivation, and such as do not give promise of qualities superior to those under resent cultivation will be discarded entire y. Farmers may be assured that no humbug will start from this trial, and there will be no speculation attempted. No correspondence in relations to this wheat is desired, as Mr. Woodman’s purposes in relation to it are fully set forth in this correspondence, and he has no time foanswer letters of inquiry in relation to 1:. THE GEANGE VISITOR. Mr. Woodman brought with him for trial many varieties of grasses and seeds that gave promise of excellence, but all of them have failed to sustain the qualities there exhibited. Lucerne grew the first season and looked promising until August, when a drouth killed it entirely. Italian rye grass has proved a failure. It has been growing each year in the plot where it was sown, but only may be said to exist——it makes no growth. English scarlet clover, which is grown lit-‘zl.i‘ly all over Euro , will not stand our dry weather, the pat sown here looked promising through the first season, but the .-iurceeding year was killed entirely by rhouth. A large variety of beans, peas, and pra vines, (the latter grown for forage) all proved failures. ’ Several varieties of cats were tried with no success, thus showing that climate and soil have more to do with vegetable growth than the varieties ofseeds. A. C. G. A Farmer on Matters of Interest to Farmers. Editors Plm:ni:.' I notice some of the cd- itorial fruteriiity allude to the passage of the bill making the Comissioner of Agriculture a cabinet otlicer as the work of political trick- sters, and not asked for by the farmers. While it is true that many farmers think it would be of no benefit to the country, there are quite a large class who think differently. The matter has been before the National Grziii e at several sessions, and resolutions have )9(‘l1 passed strongly urgin upon Con- gress the importance of making t ie Commis-, sioner a cabinet ofiicer, and a bill for this pur- pose was before the House last year, when 162 members voted for it and 84 against it, lacking only two votes of the necessary two- thirds required to pass it. The measure is of too much importance to be met with rid- icule, a weapon which has been wielded so vigorously against our department of agri- cu ture ever since its organization. It is doubtless true that the detpurtmcnt was used mainly as a political seed istributor previous to the appointment of Gen. Le I)uc us Coni- inissioner, but it is folly to say that no ood results have come from the department siucc. What has been done to stimulaite an interest in the production of sugar is well worth the cost of the department, and the effort of Gen. Le Due to introduce the culture of the tea plant, it is believed, will result in this country growin I its own ten. It is not for the interest of t ie importers of tea to have it grown in,t.his country, nor for the sug:u' re- finers that we should make our own sugar; and we inuy expect the one to condemn the tea as worthless, and the other to say that the syrup will not giuiiulutc. Another class take the iizirrow View that it is "special legislatioii“ simply for the benefit of the fziriner; while the iulvocntcs of the ineusurc believe that the Commissioner, as a. member of the cabinet, will have a large influence, and secure larger‘ approprizitions for the depaitiiieiit, that it may be better able to successfully conduct the experiments already commenced and inau- gurate others, and that the result will be a more varied and larger production by the ag- ric.ultui':il class, and so benefit the whole peo- ple. Possibly some members of Con ress vote for the bill for the reason that heir terms of ofiice are drawing to a close and they had an eye to the furiners‘ vote. If this is true I am gratified to know it, for heretofore the farmer has not been considered of much account in the making of nominations, but has been reckoned as sure to vote for the nominee of his party. The same motives are attributed to con- gressiiicn for the passage of the “Burrows patent bill," which is in the interest of not only f2i.l'ltlel‘S, but of the people generally,- except patent-right l:iwye1‘s. It is said that members voted for it to please their constit- uents, knowing thuttlie se1uito1's,wlio are fur- ther removed from the influence of the peo- ple, would not allow it to become it law. I speak of those two bills in coniiectioii, as both, I think, originated with the farmers, and would not have misseil the llousc but for their frequent and urgent petitions; and c1; I will do our coiigressiucii the credit to re- lieve that it was not the “fui'mci‘s‘ vote" but the incrit.~; of the bills which caused thcirp:is- sage. The “Burrows patent bill" exempts the purchaser when he buys in open market, and leaves the putentce and the niuiiufucturcr to fight it out; and this is as it should be. Of course there is a great stir among the pat- entces and pzitent-right lawyers, the latter deiiouncing the bill as unconstitutional; and it is no wonder they tluttci‘, for these lawyers, a class, are noted for exorbitant fees. Not being a constitutional lawyer, I will not at- tempt to answer their pleas; but let us con- sider the equity of the matter. There are said to be over 300,000 patents in force in this country, and is to be supposed that the aver- age farmer or citizen can tell whther every article offered him is patented? Often the seller of an article has a patent which he is ready to show his customer, and it malyii be an infringement on some other patent. ow is the purchaser to know? Must be consult a. patent-right attorney; and how much wiser will he then be, when it takes years for the courts to decide a case, when aided (1?) by the ablest counsel? Government, by issuing pat- ents which are an infringemet on other pat- ents, directly aids the patentee to swindle the innocent-apurchaser. Our patent laws, as at persent ministered, are a disgrace to our government, and if the combined wisdom of Congrss cannot remodel them in a. form to do justice to the innocent purchaser as well as the patentee, they had better appoint com- missioners to examine the question, as with the tariff. I believe the inventor owner of a patent should be protected from that irrespon- sible class of manufacturers who rob the pat- entee by infringement, and who, under the slow process of aw of our presents stem, are enabled to flood the country with t eir wares before an decision can be reached by the courts. mend the law so that the patentee can, through the courts, obtain an injunction within thirty or sixty days, restraining the infringer of the patent from manufacturing, putting both parties under bonds for damn es, awaiting the decision of the courts. A aw of this kind will meet the ends of justice, and be Welcomed by the patentee as well as the purchaser; but the patent-right lawyer will e short of a. large amount of business, and the irresponsible manufacturers will have to shut up shop. ~. VERMONT FARMER. General Ben. Butler, counsel for the Farm- ers’ Association, has interested Attorney-Gem eral Brewster in the question of the validity of the various patents on barb-wire, and ex- pects a result favorable to the farmers. HON. FREDERICK ROBIE, Republican candidate for Governor in Maine is Master of the Maine State Grange. v The Laweyer's Trade. “So I am doomed?” said the client just found guilty of murder in the first degree and condemned to be hanged. “Guilty? Hanged?” howled the lawyer. “\Vhat are you talking about? Evidently you have never been tried before for murder. ’ “No," said the prisoner; "this is my first offense.” “Why, man,” said the lawyer, "the thing hasjust. commenced. Being found guilty is now by the law considered only the pre ini- inary stage of criminal trial.” “But what will you do now ?” “Do ‘? You have twelve-or fourteen chances for life,” said the lawyer. "First—Application for a new trial. “Second—.5‘tay of proceedings. “Third——We shall find some new witnes- see who will prove that you are quite anoth- er man as compared with what you were when you committed the deed. “Fourth—There are forty-five exceptions to the rulings of the court. “Fifth—If these fail we shall clap on a certiorari. “Sixth—If that fails we shall try the old habeas corpus. “Seventh--Then there is the insanity dodge._ That opensa new field altogether for saving your neck. We can make you insane. I have in reserve a corps of ‘experts’ who can make any body out insane. Sen- tence you to the asylum, you know, for life, and let you out by the back door in less than a year, when the public has forgotten all a- bout the case. d “Ninth—Petition the Executive for par- on. “Tenth—The writs in reserve, There’s the writ of corporealibus aurora borealis. Do you understand Latin ?” Prisoner—“l\'ot a Latin.” Lawyer—“If that fails there's the writ of puloherimus amo masculinibus, which means it is a sin, anywa , to hang a lovable white ma_n—like yourse f. Then there’s the writ of nil desperandum in quandary, which means any port in a storm. See ?’ Prisoner-—“I don’t see exactly. But I know you must bea learned man, and I know that there’s a heap of power in them there writs. How much ?” Lawyer—“Well, it costs heavily to get them out, especially those last named, for they are the choice and fancy varities. A thousand dollars will smooth things and procrastinate the gallows for the present.” Prisoner-—“Judge, $500 is all I can raise just now. \Von’t that answer?” Lawyer—“For half the time mentioned, yes. You are saved for six months."——N. Y. Graphic. Mosr persons, no doubt, have seen hogs eat- ing hay during the winter months, in but sma1lquantities,it is true,butstill eatin it. If clover is cut when in fullest bloom, we l cur- ed and stored away, the hay becomes a val- uahle food for hogs, especially when fed but little else than corn. To utilize it, cut it in a cutting - box a half to three fourths of an inch long, mix with bran, shorts or corn meal and moisten it with swill or even water, if made scalding hot the better. Then let it stand fora few hours before feeding it out, Any of the grasses, if cut in bloom and made into hay, will answer a good purpose, but clover is preferable. Besides being valuable as food, hay thus fed is a preventive of disease in hogs full fed on corn. THE new growth of raspberry plants should not be allowed to grow more than three feet high. If the tops are pinched off when the canes attain this height, branches will grow out from the stem, and the canes will grow stocky enough to support themselves,where- as if allowed to grow to their full height, few or no branches will be formed, and the canes will grow so tender that it will be necessary to provide some support for them. The suck- ers should be kept cut off‘, in the varieties that sucker from the root; otherwise the canes willl become so thick that they will not bear wel . NOTICES OF MEETINGS. The next regular meeting of Beriien Co. Pomona Grange will be held with Mount Ho e Grange at Hill’s Corners on the 22nd an 23d of August when the following,pro- gram will be carried out:— Grange opened at 10 o’clock, A. M. Reports of Subordinate Granges. Recess for dinner. Farming for Profit and at the same time increasing the fertilit of the soil. Subject by C. T. Howe, an followed by Almon Keigley, Essa ——The Grange as Mrs, elen Finch. Work on the fifth degree. Farm Economy. .Presented by Lewis Sparks, followed by John Clark. Essay—-Home Adornments, by Sister A. N. Woodrufl‘. The exercises to be enlivened by music. We invite all fourth degree members in good standing to come with your baskets well filled with the necessaries of life and make this one of the most interesting meet- ings of the year. ’ W. J. JONES, Secrets Berrien Springs, July 22, The third quarterly meeting of District Grange, N o. 17, will be held with Paradise Grange, No. 638, August 31 and September 1; 1882, opening at 1 P. M. of the first day. Brother n Holbrook, General Deputy of the State range, will give a public lecture the first evenin of the session at 7 o'clock P. M. All fourt degree members in good standing are cordially invited to attend the meeting. S. H. HYDE, Bec’y. S. A GARDNER. Master. ‘ Traverse City, Mich., Aug. 9, 1882. The next regular meeting of the Lenawee Pomona Grange will be held with Adrian Grange, No. 213, at their hall four miles north of the city of Adrian on Wed- nesday, August 23, at 10 A. M. A good pro- grain is mapped out, in addition to which Bro J. G. Ramsdell is expected to deliver an address. J AMES Coox, See. an educator, by 00. Grange. 882. The next meeting of Kent county Grange which was to have been held with Vergen- nes Grange on the 23d of August will be held August 30th. An intsres ng ro- gramme has been arranged for the meet ng, and it is hoped there will be a full at- tendance. H. G. Hour, Lecturer. Cascade, Mich., Aug. 10, 1882. 6 ‘run ensues vissrcs. AUGrUS'l‘ 15, 1882. gaditi’ fintazttnmti. THE REAPERS. ORIGINAL. What are the reapers singing As they bind the sheaves to-day, Faintly I hear their voices Whenever they pass this way. It seems a song of gladness, Some merry roundelay, Have they never a thought of sadness That they sing so merrily P Come with me before the sun sets, Into the golden field, And watch the brown-armed reapers Their sharpened sickles wield. Their hearts are light and merry, For they have a generous yield. You scarce can count the sheaves not the strength to work in the garden, some have not; suppose she has not the time, many have not. Shall the garden go uncultivated, and that goodly store of veg- etables that delight our eyes and palate, ex- ist only in our thoughts? I think there should be a counseling together in regard as to what shall be planted, and there are but very few farmers, especially Grangers, but that really enjoy having their wives come out and “boss”and then do about as they hadamind in the first place. They like them to come out and look on even though they never as much as drop a suggestion. I am very much in favor of planting everything you can in rows and then culti- vating with a horse. It saves so much back-ache. I know all about the back-ache my husband could not be coaxed or had not the time, but because I like to do it and en- joy it. MRS. PERRY MAYO. in working and hoeing garden not because So thick they lie upon the field. Ah! here are withered poppies, Bound in this sheaf of wheat, And daisies and clover trampled By the reapers’ careless feet, And tender vines low trailing, And roses wild but sweet, Their slende stems all broken, Wilting in the sunshine heat. Oh, ya thoughtless reapers, As you cut the ripened grain, agreat diversity of opinions in regard to, the method and amount of recreation which ought to be allowed the farmer. deal of pity and sympathy is expressed by our city friends and to hear them talk one would suppose that a farmer worked more You trampled and crushed the flowers, And they will never bloom again. Hark, they have paused in their labor, And hushed their glad refrain, Did they hear my chiding voice, And will they not sing again ? “The grain is ripe,".I hear them say, “We cannot pause to spare Each little flower that grows between, We must get the master's share. Mourn not for these crushed flowers, Though they once were sweet and fair, Consider our brothers’ footsteps. And see what you find there 1'’ “Hearts breaking, tears and sorrow Are strewn along the way, That more than "these poor flowers Need your care and sympathy." Again the reapers are at work, While far behind them lay Lengthening rows of unbound grain, As slowly fades the day. We will go out from the golden field, But the reapers will remain, And bind their sheaves and shelter them Secure from wind and rain. And faintly in the distance We hear their songs again, And feel we've learned a lesson From the respers of the grain. July, 1 882. A Good Subject Out of Season. I rather think Providence has favored me thus far in regard to a reply to Sister Dis- tro’s “Subject in season. The almost un- precedented backward spring has very much retarded the plowing and planting of that source of much vexation and worry to the vegetable garden. Now, Bro. Cobb I wish kindly and pleasantly to take issue with the good sister. We used to read of “many men with many minds” I am glad that we now have many women with many minds. I believe it to be just as much the duty of every farmer to plan, plow, plant and cultivate the kitchen garden as it is to plan for, and cultivate a crop of corn or any other crop of the farm. It is a crop just as much as though it was rye, wheat or any cereal, and many times goes just as far and sometimes farther toward the support of his family as any of the above mentioned crops. And if farmers would but realize the fact how much of comfort and real substantial living a good garden affords, more attention would be given to it than many do now give. I think most of us do not realize the hurry and worry and the vexation some of these men undergo. Suppose the clover is “grown” the wheat likewise, is fretting over it or worrying over it going to help the matter? Suppose it is a question with him whether to sow Hungarian or Millet, is that any reason why he should not plan to plowend plant the garden in the proper time and in a proper manner? and are any of these above mentioned vexations any reason why any man should be coaxed and wheedled by his wife to do something that it is his duty and lot to do, as though he were as child? I have a better opinion ' of most of our men folks than that. These matrons have nothing to claim their time nor atten- tion in the spring, most of us have plenty of time to plant gardens, trim briars, weed on. ions! There is the spring cleaning that must be done, children's clothes to make and old garments to repair, make Johnny a pair of new pants from his father’s old ones, cut down stockings, care for the little weak _ than the twenty-four hours each day all the year around. Perhaps the farmer would not like usto think he is recreating when the honorable pathmaster calls the neigh- bors out to work their road-tax, or as one writer terms it, roads” and he spends part of his time sitting on the topmost rail of the fence discussing politics, or sitting under the shade dissect- ing his neighbor's affairs. Or, when the menagerie comes to town, that he is refresh- lng his strength standing on the street cor- ner several hours watching the parade, and in the evening he goes for the fortieth time Marshall, Mich. Recreation. There has been, and is at the present day, A great Hcusekeepers and Homekeepers. Written for Keystone Grange No. 226. VVoman’s sphere is the home. Man is willing at least to concede this much to the aharer of his cares and toil, however vehe- ment he may be in scouting a more ambi- tious claim to equal rights in the profession- al political and literary fields. But it is not my intention to produce a whole tirade of protestation on woman’s wrongs, real or imaginary at the hands of the so called stronger and certainly sterner sex, but the object is. to hold up the mirror to my sisters ‘so that we can “see ourselves as others see us” in our own domain where we are sup- posed to reign supreme and absolute; our lords and masters have prescribed for us the domestic rule, at least in theory, and the home circle is the narrow boundary within which he has sought from the dawn of our existence to confine our influence. Nomi,- nally then we direct the household, and many are the pretty things that have been said and sung of us as the presiding genius of the home. But with this shadowy title and hollow semblance of power comes a whole world of responsibilities. If we are honored with the title of queen we are saddled with all the blame if anything goes wrong within our narrow kingdom. Even in the little un- “spoiling the country to the circus, and makes the excuse _for the slight twinge of conscience he may have, "that he wentto take the children to see the animals.” It is passing strange how many grown persons it requires to takea few children to see the elephant. But, now to come seriously to the facts in the case, farmers can and do have more recreation than any other class of men. It is said that the world is as we make it, so I claim, recreation is as we take it. In the earlier days when our fathers came to this new state covered with forests and were obliged to cut away trees for a place to plant the rude dwelling and make a home for himself and family, holidays were few and far between, and amusements were hardly to be thought of and the pioneer was thoroughly intent on gaining a. com- fortable home, clearing up the soil and bringing up his children to habits of indus- try and economy. But since then a change has come into the times. The facilities are so much better now than in the past to perform farm work. Men are not obliged to spend all their time and strength clearing land, but instead the crops are put into the soil and in due time harvested with labor saving machines in much less time, thus giving him time for rest, reading, and going from home. To confirm the statement that farmers do have considerable recreation, go to a session of the State Grange and notice in all that best theory. the well preserved, jolly, social Patron instead of the forlorn, jaded out man who never leaves his premises only as necessity compels him, as some would have us suppose. The farmer has his evenings to dispose of as he likes, to re- main in his cheerful home surrounded by his family, with reading, music, and social chit-chat, to form the entertainment. Or if he likes he can attend concerts, lectures, and entertainments of a great variety. The merchant must spend nearly all his time (only when he eats and sleeps) at the store. The mechanic cannot shut up shop and go off to picnics, or excursions When- ever he likes or his customers will cease to place any confidence on him. The minister must be very studious if he would bring forth things both new and old to please his hearers. And editors never have much time they can call their own as they are at the mercy of the public and are expected to be blameless, yet make amends for others’ mistakes and straighten out other people's crooked marks. Boys leave the farm because of the dirty work to do and claim that they have no leisure or fun. Well after a year's practice of being on hand at the store at'seven o’clock in the morning, sweeping. dusting, cleaning lamps, running at every one’s beck and call, standing on their feet till every joint in their body aches, and shut up with- in doors, breathing impureair, if they are honest in giving their opinion they will say pleasantness occurring in the first home our poor Mother Eve had to bear the censure, when her Lord Adam ate a dinner which his knowledge told him would not be good for him the considerate husband laid the evil at the door of his wife, and ever since woman has been held responsible for all the poor dinner and indigestion of the house- hold, however remiss the man may be in providing means for a better or more digest- ible meal. But I am digressing “Housekeepers and Homekeepers” is to be our subject, the same thing, you say,_I think not. Tome the house and home are not synonymous terms, nor are those of our subject, the one may be the other, and sometimes is, but how fre- quently lt happens that the house is no home and the housekeeper, no homekeeper, but it is in the first capacity that we are most oommonlv sought; when a man starts out in life an important matter with him, and next to finding a lucrative channel for his labor, is the choice of a helpmeet for him and this phrase he too often interprets to mean, the best housekeeper he can get, the best washer and ironer, the best baker and the best brewer of domestic beverages, the best darner of socks and patcher and mender of torn garments, the most thrifty, frugal, saving, contriving. economical, do- mestic machine he can find, and if he gets nothing but a machine he ought not to complain, with him the object was to get at as low a cost as possible a housekeeper and if he gets not a homekeeper he ought not to complain. But even in these prosy mat- ter-of-fact days there are other motives than selfish, sordid, miserly, or mercenary ones, which ought in every’ case to influence those who enter into partnership for life. These are such things as hearts which beat and throb, and vibrate witha wealth of holy feeling. And it is only when hearts are united as well as fortunes that a true mar- riage is consummated, when the household is blessed by the only cement that can hold it happily together. There is a love strong enough, and broad enough,and deep enough to bear up all imperfection on its resistless current; now and then we chance upon just such love as this, a union whose links brighten as the years go on, and are ce- mented even more strongly in the world where there is neither marrying nor giving in marriage; a love whose heaven is the Sa- viour of the earth and whose origin is God himself. La Fontaine says: “Love is the shadow of the morning which decreases as the day advances; friendship is the shadow of the evening which strengthens with the setting sun of life.” From the brilliant Frenchman I am content to differ, and hold that the setting sun of life will find the shadows of love even more strong than those of the morning, unless it has been al- lowed towither and die of cold neglect. But what hasall this to do with housekeep- ing and homekeeping, you ask? Just this: just in the proportion that a housekeeper is a homekeeper will true affection thrive and flourish. The house is the mere frame of wood or brick and glass in which the deli- cate plants will freeze and wither. The home is the house warmed into the conge- nial conservatory where love grows into a giant, sturdy tree, around which all the other household virtues cling. A well- known writer hassaid: “A man’s house should be on the hilltop of cheerfulness, so high that no shadows rest upon it, and where the morning comes so very early and the evening tarries so late, that the day has presence indispensable to their husbands.” Is this charge true, or is it a base slander on our sex? I cannot say, but I do believe it to be a woman‘s duty to be as attractive as possible, and gentleness, delicacy, and the absence of whatever is coarse and revolting forms one of her chief attractiois; the wo- man who charmed before marriage can charm afterwards. There are a thousand little ways in which she can make home so attractive that her husband will uncon- sciously dislike to be absent, and she can readily make herself the presiding Deity of the domestic paradise. One writer has said that “half the unhappy homes are the re- sult of bad housekeeping.” That what should be paradises on earth have been transformed into paudemoniums of misery by bad cooks,” and I have sometimes thought that as many more were made wretched by over-careful, over-nice house- keepers, in avoiding one extreme let us be careful not to run into the other. What a picture does the immortal Dickens give us of an overcareful housekeeper in Mrs. Joe, the blacksmith’s wife. He says: “She was a very clean housekeeper, but had an ex- quisite art of making her cleanliness more unacceptable and uncomfortable than dirt it- telf. How many families there are scattered over the broad land that {possess all the ele- ments that ought to constitute a happy house- hold and vet live in a state of chronic discom- fort, simply from the over—scrupulous neatness of the housekeeper, the children livingin mor- tal dread of soiling or disarranging something, grow unnaturally grave and subdued and lose the fresh joyousness of youth. The free, care- less happiness of childhood. And the good man of the house fares but little better. Return- ing from his work, he peeps in upon the swept and garnished floor. the stiff chairs ranged at right angles with the wall, the lounge freshly smoothed down looking prim and uninviting, and little designed for the use its name would imply; how he hesitates on the threshold, how gingerly he walks across the room fearful lest a particle of snow or dirt drops from his boots. Would it be any wonder if the man did, like the evil spirit mentioned in scripture. who be- mg cast out returned and found his abode all swept and garnished, straightway went and joined seven other devils more wicked than himself. I had thought of saying something on the leading essentials of a good house- keeper and homekeeper, but each would al- most serve for an individual essay, so I Will merely glance at a few. Early rising: without which there can scarce- be awell-ordered house. Cleanliness: in person without being ridicu- lously scrupulous, the prude should be avoid- ed as well as the slattern. A wife should try to be becomingly dressed. but avoid extrava- gance, and make her toilet accord with her husband’s purse, bearing in mind even if she be rich that an over-dressed woman is an abomination and never a lady. Frugality: Be frugal without being stingy; economical without becoming mean. Proper amusements and pleasures are of course nec- essary, but they should, if possible, be those in which the whole family could join. There should be time for visiting, and con- genial persons selected as visiting acquain- tances, always-chcosing those from whom some good may be obtained. “Gossiping" is to be avoided, and small talk reflecting upon neigh- bors or acquaintances, criticising their dress, their household management. etc., and. above all things avoid talking of your husbands or your own little troubles and triflug difliculties. Your husbands petty foibles and little failings should never be alluded to, as you hope for peace and happiness, evenness of temper. cheerfulness of disposition. A power to throw off depressing gloom and wearying care, gives the home more than ought besides, “contentment.” I doubt if there is a matron here, no matter how good a housekeeper she may be. or how much she really loves her home and its surroundings, but what at times grows discontented and weary of the monoto- nous and ever-recurring duties of a farmer's wife. Take the long, warm days of summer, during harvesting, etc., the farmer’s wife must be up with the birds in the morning, butnot like them to enjoy the beauties of nature. She may catch a glimpse of the dew drops as they shine like gems in the morning sun; but it is not dew drops she is after--it's a pail of water and she must hurry. She hastily looks around at the many colored blossoms and budding fruit. the fields. the trees and the beautifully tinted sky, and her heart fairly hungers for a good, long draught of fresh morning air; but the men are hungering for something more substantial. and she must get breakfast, then there is milk to skim, and dishes to wash, and churning to do, and bread to bake, and dinner to get, sweeping, dusting, fruit to take care of, and the day grows warmer‘ and warmer, and the hands grow weary, and the feet are tired—and the body will influence the mind, and we be- that it is good. rich milk, and not chalk and water, or any other abomination that city folks have to buy. These and other thoughts will soon chase away all feelings of dissatisfaction, and if when night comes we can look back through the day and feel that we have tried our best to do our duty in the stats of life into which it has pleased God to call us—that we have done all we could to make home comfortable and others happy—-we shall be rewarded by the love and appreciation of those around us and our labor will not‘h-rive been in vain. “Hospitality:” It should not be forgotten that something more than a bountiful meal is implied. Our table may be loaded with all the delicacies of the season, but we had better forget the sauce for the pudding. or even the pudding itself, than to omit the small, sweet courtesies that add so much to the comfort and home feeling of our guests. True hospi- tality shows no distinction: it draws no line betweenthcfriendwhocomes to visit us and the laboring men who come to work for us. My sisters I am not trying to write a poetical, sentimental essay with high strung words and eloquent sentences, but to speak of things that come into our every day lives. We will again refer to the warm, busy sum- mer days, perhaps we have six or eight men in the harvest field, we have to work very hard, we fry and roast and boil and bake, till there is nothing left of us but a small bundle of weariness. We set our table in the coolest room, we drive out the flies and exclude the sun, we place a well-cooked and abundant meal on the table. we place bright wash bowls and clean towels on the porch. and then surely we have done enough; we need rest and refreshment. But no, we must stand back and wait on others, we must see that each cup is refilled, and plate replenished, till the tempt- ing dinner looks cold and insipid, and we lose all desire for it. and as the last man leaves the table we throw ourselves into the big chair and feel too weary to‘ eat or drink, or do anything but rest, and then dear sisters, we must be watchful. for these are the times when discon- tent will take hold of us, we begin to think how hard it is for us, and how much better it would be if we had only our own home circle to provide for, and could sit down with them at the table, and in our weakness we begin to look upon the boarding of work hands as a domestic evil. But let us remember that if it is an evil, it is a necessary one: those who work must eat, and who could prepare their food as con- veniently as those for whom they labor. and though we may place before them every luxury the house Wlil afford yet if we allow them to march silently to the table and by our manner cause them to feel like culprits and intruders, we are not showing the true spirit of hospitality. few words are needed to make them feel comfortable and at home, a cheerful smile, a kindly expression of sympathy with their toil and the heat of the day, and the many little acts of kindness and attention thatawoman can so gracefully render, will help to drive off weariness and the men will return to the field feeling rested and re- freshed. And a true lady can do this without in any way compromising her dignity. The most uncultivated know the difference be- tween kindness and hospitality, and freedom and familiarity, and will not forget that she is the wife of her husband and the mistress of her house. Some author has said that true politeness and genuine courtesy are the otfspringslof self-denial and a constant con- sideration for the welfare of others, and it may be that these household duties that so constantly require us to sacrifice our own case and convenience for the comfort of others. is just the discipline we need to develop us into noble, unselfish women. and to teach us as St. Paul said, to prefer others to ourselves. We may never have an opportunity of doing grand and heroic deeds, but we can aim to be, all a woman can be, and make our homes all that the word implies, the abodes of taste, culture and refinement. "Home” is a word that lies very near the hearts of us all. A happy home. What other blessing does a man need who has this? And he who has it not, what bless- mg does he not lack. Such a home is within the reach of all. It is composed of things that money cannot buy——kind looks, sweet laughter, gentle words, loving councils, pa- tience, gentleness, a willingness to bear and forbear. Suchalife is worthy to be lived. Let us cultivate these Christian virtues and our hves will be filled with sweetness. and though we may lose our youthful charms, and the bright. winsome ways that won the admiration of these "husbands of our”; though our hair may turn gray, and our_eyes may grow dini. yet to them we shall still be “rich in all woman's loveliness.” Greenbush, July 31st. .._...—_:——————-———:-?-T IT is often urged that farmers should.culti- vate flowers. This is beautiful in theory, but we know too much of farming to claim that it is practicable Flower gardens: unless neatly kept,are not particularly ornamental, and with the farmer, how he shall care for and harvest his crops, is often a question J’. F. D. lambs, that so often find a. lodging place be- bind the kitchen stove, strive with refrac- tory setting hens, help Sarah with her essay that the teacher says must be forth -coming , care for and nurse 9. teething baby, that has kept her awake nights, attend to the soap- making, oftimes doing it herself. In fact keeping the whole complicated machinery of the house going without fretting, scold- ing or complaining, and then must go ahead of her husband and coax and wheedle him in order that the garden may be attended to as it should be. Suppose the wife has they never worked so’ hard and had so little leisure before. Yet they will remain as clerks because it is so nice to be dressed up and do clean work if it is harder. - I I In these days of well cleared lands and so many labor saving machines, no farmer is obliged to work unceasingly and not SW9 himself time for sociality, diversions, im- provement of mind, and spending a few days or weeks in becoming familiar with the different localities and the people and scenery beyond the boundaries of his own township. MYRA. twiceas many golden hours as those of other men.” He is to be‘pitied whose houseis in some valley of discontent be- gin to pity ourselves and to think it is hard to be a farmer's wife, and if we could only live in a village or city and have no milk or butter or tween the hills, with the longest night and work hands to take care of how much easier the shortest day. Home should be the cen- and better it would be. But if we have ter of joy. Now, it depends largely upon »naturally a cheerful and contented disposition how completely the housekeeper is a home- these thoughts will not linger with us. We keeper whether a man's house is so situated shall soon find ourselves looking at the other on the hill of happiness or in the valley of side of the picture. As we beat the foaming disquiet. One writer has said that the rea- eggs for the cake or custard, we think how sou so many men are unhappy and anxious nice it is to have them fresh, and as we take to get rid of their wives is because so few a pan of milk we think how nice to be able to women exert themselves to make their use all we want, to have plenty, and to know so serious that it overshadows all minor con- siderations. But we do insist that the farmer should not be regardless of beauty in the sur- roundings of his home. A lawn well seeded with grass, and set out with fine trees is not less beautiful in its place than the finest flow- er garden, and this is within the reach of the common farmers. He has the land and he can-easily obtain the trees and when once established no seed sowing, or cultivation is called for. It matters little ow the trees are are interspersed provided they do not crowd each other. Landscape gardening does not touch the farmer. If you can not afford a fine house or a painted door-yard fence, set out the trees anyhow. .. .. «g, ’ .-waau5-::auM.-ms»c.m......~-~- my .. ,.,.........,. "Ida -~——.— <.'»*'*-=‘- .‘~'- 2-1;-‘=~—'-. AUGUST 15, 1882. THE GEANGE VESETOEQ Eunllts’ fiepaqiment. THE CHILDREN WE KEEP. The children kept coming one by one, ’Till the boy s were five and the girls were three, And the big brown house was alive with fun. -From the basement door to the old roof tree, Like garden flowers the little ones grew, Nurtured and trained with tenderest care; Warmecl by love’s sunshine, bathed in its dew, They bloomed into beauty like roses rare. But one of the boys grew weary one day, And leaning his head on his mother’s breast, He said, I am tired and cannot play; Let me sit awhile on your knee and rest.” She cradled him close in her fond embrace, She hushed him to sleep with her sweetest song, And rapturous love still lighted his face When his spirit had joined the heavenly throng. Then the eldest girl, with her thoughtful eyes. Who stood where the ‘brook and the river meet,’ Stole softly away into Paradise E’er "the river" had reached her slender feet. While the father’s eyes on the graves were bent, The mother looked upward beyond the skies: “Our treasures” she whispered, “were only lent; Our darlings were angels in earth's disguisez" The years flew by, and the children began With longing to think of the world outside; And as each in his turn became a man, The boys proudly went from the father's side, The girls were women so gentle and fair That lovers were speedy to woo and win: And, with orange blooms in their braided hair, The old home they left. new homes to begin. so one by one the children have gone- The boys were five, and the girls were three; And the big brown house is gloomy and lone, With but two old folks for its company, They talk to each other about the past, As they sit together at evsntide, And say, "All the children we kee at last Are the boy and girl who in chil hood died.” —Mrs E. V. Wilson in Demoresh Monthly. Taking a Vacation. Dear Nieces and Nephews .--I’ve just step- ped in for a moment to tell you, I’m off‘ for avacation, and while I’m away if you will all write a letter for these columns I think it would relieve Mr. Cobb a good deal, and all you who know him are anxious to do that. I know. Yes, I'm off for a vacation and I asked you how to spend it, but as no one but Charlie expressed an opinon I think I will follow my own inclination. I see the green grass,shady trees, hammocks, books and pleasant com- panions for the warm days, and there are camps over-Iookin g the water,and on the wa- ters edge,row-boats with fishing-tackle show what the mornings amusement has been. Around the out-dooor fire the merry crowd are cooking the fish, just caught, for their breakfast. And wont the meal be enjoyable. Fingers for forks, and newspapers for nap kins. The company, some of whom have been east, some west, since last meeting, will all have pleasant stories to tell. Exciting adventures and novel experiences. And those who have felt a heavy hand laid upon them will feel better for the jolly laughter and pleasant feeling manifested by all. And when the vacation is up do you not think we will all go back to our work with renewed energy ‘I And for the play that we have had, we will feel like putting forth all our strength for the work that is before us. Hoping that your vacation will be as pleas- ant as the anticipation of mine is, for a short time I bid you all good-bye. AUNT NINA. The Topics Under Discussion. Dear Aunt Nina .--Labor that the cous- ins have been discussing for some time, has prevented me from being with you very often, but has not prevented me from on- joying the letters from all the cousins. Still, I do not think labor a curse unless, as Sunflower says, it is carried into excess, and if so, I think with her there are many sadly overworked people, living out a wea- ry existence. In a measure we determine for ourselves whether we make labor a bless- ing or a curse. If we go about our work sullenly and wrap ourselves in melancholy, it certainly is not the labor that is a curse, but our own ill humor. If, instead, we per- form our task quickly and cheerfully, how- ever unpleasant, how can it prove otherwise than a blessing. Now before we criticise too sharply let us be sure we understand the spirit which prompts the criticism. Let us criticise, not too severely, with the kindest possible in- tentions, so to give no offense to any. Nettie Gifford, you asked me to acknowl- edge to the cousins and yourself the author- ship of a reply to “Ex Granger” signed “Mollie”, issued in the Grange VISITOR a long time ago. I will acknowledge it now, begging your pardon for not answering be- fore and for the rum do plume as I see you have expressed your dislike to them. I too, wish the cousins would give their ages, but age is rather a delicate subject to many people, and I fear some of the young people would not give their consent to such an arrangement, but if they do, I would be one of the first to give mine. Dear Aunt, please excuse me, but I wonder if we could coax you to give your age. Well, Will, what have you to say in self- defence to all these criticisms? Ellen thinks she would recognize Will, in that “pale young man with a Sunflower for a button- hole bouquet” Oh dear, no, I am sure she would be mistaken; I think you would have to go a little farther out, into the harvest- field, perhaps, and there, thinking what he will write for the enlightenment of the cousins, or repeating some favorite poem, over a sheaf of wheat. just as we girl-cousins do over the dishpan, you will find Will, a goodly specimen of a farmer’s lad. Am I right, or wrong. In the Grange VISITOR of May 1st, Sweet Briar says: I agree with Hickory upon at- tending places of amusement, for I fear it is as he says there is too often 9. face between us and the book.” I am of the same opin- ion, but if young people are romantic and apttobe “struck,” is there not plenty of chances for the faces to come before the books, even if they do not attend places of amusement; but all this has been discussed long ago. Carlyle himself, I do not admire, but still one cannot deny his writings are excellent. History says Carlyle was very much at- tached to his wife, excepting when fully en- grossed with his writing. Despite Nettie Gifl“ord’s assurances I stand in awe of the waste basket. So good afternoon, E:,r.A SPAULDING. A New Correspondent. Dear Cousins.--For some time I have been intending to write to you but, like Fred, was rather afraid of “Will’s gorgeous style!» Ellen’s criticism, though, seems to have completely banished him from our columns, so I will venture. Who will tell me who is the author of the Ode to Solitude? Will. gives Cowper the credit. Ellen speaks of both Pope and Grey in that connection, while Aunt Nina says she “ supposed the authorship was settled,” but don’t say on whom. I like Fred’s plan very much but wish Aunt Nina would choose three of the cousins for judges and when the discussion is ended report which side. I wish one of the subjects for dispus' sion would be “Dancing” A great many peo- ple are very much opposed to it and I do not see the reason, and if there is one, I should like to know it. I don’t know as it would do- any good for us to "idly” swing under the green trees” only the pleasure of it. But is not that a great thing? I think that people should enjoy themselves once in a while if they are young. And isn't youth the time to enjoy ones’ self, anyway, for if you do not have happiness then, when will you have it? I like people to have alittle romance about them and not think that making mon- ey is the only thing of any importance in life. Now Charlie, I dont think you are quiteas practical as your letter would indicate. I think you like to dream a little as well as the rest of us, dont you? As this is my first letter I hope you will not criticise me so sharply that I will not dare to Write again, but if any of you differ from me I should like to hear from you I wish you would write anyway. LAURA. Orleans, July 24, 1882. Different Topics Discussed. Dear Cousins .-- I see by the VISITOR of April 1, that we have at last heard from three of our delinquent cousins,andI was very glad to hear from them after so long si- lcncc. Sweet Briar seems to have been wait- ing so long for new contributors; but I am glad she has decided to write oftener. Of course we will excuse you Nettie Gifford for not writing sooner, inasmuch as you have such a good excuse, but hope to hear from you oftener hereafter. By the way, I wish you success and pleasure in your nem occupation as “real housekeeper." I rather like your idea. of having our cousins give their ages, forl believe that by so doing we shall be able to better judge of their productions, and we can also write much more readily when we know some- thing of the persons to whom we are writing. As I am not a very old contributor to the Youths’ Department, and have never seen the ages of any of the cousins published, I will wait until I hear from some of them giving their ages before I give mine. Sweet Briar, I agree with you in your opin- ion of Carlyle. That he achieved great suc- cess in the literary world, no one can de- ny, but when you realize that his success cost himself and his almost angelical wife all of their happiness and enjoyment, and made him little better than a brute, so far as his domestic relations, duties and privileges were concerned, it throws a blot over the beautiful picture we are apt to conceive in our minds when reading his splendid produc- tions. I presume it is his literary produc- tions that Will admires, and not his disposi- tion or domestic life. That Will should become discouraged by anything that we shall write is not at all probable. I see that Sunflower and Sweet Briar are still discussing the subject of la- bor, and although the time for writing upon this subject has expired, yet if Aunt Nina will permit, I will write a. few words on that subject, I still maintain that labor is a bless- ing. Please excuse me if 1 am wrong in say- ing that I think most of our writers have taken the extreme of either side, instead of comparing both sides fairly and evenly. To be sure it is not very pleasant to wash dishes in the hot kitchen, with your “temperature at 120°. But such labor would not be a curse, but rather a blessing to those at least who were to use the dishes. Even that is not la- bor to excess. Sweet Briar, your paragraph about catching “those dear little potato bugs” is quite poetical, and although one might not feel like exclaiming, “What a blessing is labor” yet you could truthfully do so, for to whom could it be a curse, unless, perhaps the potato bugs ‘.9 I do not deny that labor may, sometimes, be carried to such an excess as to be a curse, but these cases are exceptional, or extremes, and not the rule._ Show me any one of what we term the ordinary bless- ings of life, that can never be made a curse; yet do we consider them curses because they may occasionally be made such? We do not consider the steam cars and railroads a curse because they are sometimes made a curse by destroying human life. So with fire. Do we consider it a curse because millions of dol- lars of property are destroyed annually by it, besides hundreds of lives? I would like the cousins to adopt their real names. It would be much pleasantci‘ and better. I would like to see a copy of the State Grange paper of V ermont, and hope it will contain a Youths’ Department. Aunt Nina you can do much better than any of us in choosing a subject for discussion. So please give us one. Good-by, Fm-:1) SPAULDING. Hilliards, Mich., August 4, 1882. To My Critics. Of late I have received considerable un- solicited panegyric, and not a little censure irom some who do not seem to take kindly to my style of writing. It is true a great deal of the 1r.i:-re tendered by admiring cousins and admirative aunts was unmerit- ed ; yet I thank them all for their kind re- marks and suggestions. Our kind editor admonished us to adopt the motto “Improvement,” and being aware of the fact that general readers cared little for long reference to ourselves and our works, it has ever been a principle of mine to eschew the pronoun "I,” whenever to my fancy it seems unnecessary. It has ever been my purpose to make my essays really instructive, how near I have come to my intention I am not presumptious enough to say. Of course my articles are “studied”-that is the language! I would be ashamed to solicit the attention of an intelligent reader to request him to waste his time over gross thoughts that did not cost an effort of the intellect. Every time one writes a line, he is holding up a mirror of his character; if slovenly and inaccurate in forming sentences, so he is with the rest of his work. As to lengthiness and erroneous para- graphs, I have nothing to offer. Far better writers than I ma y ever become-such men as Burke, Johnson, DeQuincey and our own Prescott and Bancroft-are noted for fine imagery_and glowing periods. WILL. Liii le Shepherd Dogs. The best of these dogs are worth $200, or even more. One herder whom we met at Cold Spring ranch showed us a very pretty one that he would not sell for $500. She had at that time four young uppies. The night we arrived we visited is camp, and were greatly interested in the little mother and her nursing babies. Amid these wild, vast mountians, this little nest of motherly devo- tion and baby trust was ver beautiful. While we were exclaiming, t e assistant herder came to say that there were more than twenty sheep missing. Two male dogs larg- er than the little mother, were standing about, with their hands in their breeches, doing nothing. But the herder said neither Tom nor Dick would find them. Flora must go. It was urg- ed b the assistant that her foot was sore, she had een hard at work all da , and must suckle her pupies. The boss insisted that she must go. The sun was setting. There was no time to lose. Flora was called and told to hunt the lost sheep, while her mas- ter pointed to a great forest through the edge of which they had passed on their we up. She raised her head,but seemed very lot to leave her babies. The boss called sharp ly to her. She rose, looking tired and low- splrited, with head and tail down,and trotted ofl‘ toward the forest. I said: “That is too bad.” “Oh she'll be right back. She’s lightning on stray sheep.” The next morning I went over to learn whether Flora had found the strays. While we were speaking the shee were returning, driven b the little dog, w 0 did not raise her hea or wag her tail even when spoken to, but crawled to her uppies and lay down by them, offering the ittle empty breasts. She had been out all night, and while her hungry babies were tugging away, fell asleep. I have never seen anything so touching. “ Sofaras I was concerned, there was not a dry eye in the house.” How often that scene comes back to me - the vast, gloomy forest, and that little crea- ture, with her sore feet and her heart c ing for her b bies, limplngland creeping a ut inthe wi d canons allt rough the long.dark hours, finding and gathering in the lost sheep. I wonder if any preacher of the gospel ever searched for lost sheep under circumstan- cessohard, and with such painful sacrifi- ces? But, then, we must not ex ect to much of men. It is the dog that stan for fidelity and sacrifice. The best part of man is the dog that is in hlm.—Dio Lewis in Wool Growers Bulletin. . Farmers Filly Years Ago. Fift years ago the farmers depended almost whol y on the products of their farms for the supply of their tables, and, largely, for their clothing. A writer in a Boston Journal thus sketches the raising of the raw material for garments and the process of manufacturing them at the farm-house. Every farmer kept a flock of sheep,and wool constituted a large proportion of the clothing of the family. It was carded spun and woven at home, and made into garments for both sexes. The best clothes for the men and boys were made of whatwas caIled“fulled cloth.”This was made at home of the finest material, and taken to the mills known as “fulling mills” where it was put through a process of thickening,dye- ing and finishing. The women need to wear gowns of cloth which was called "pressed woollen.” This was simple home-made flannel, taken to the mills above named, and pressed, so as to present a glossy surface. Every farmer had a small patch of fiax. This was pulled and spread out in rows on the groun , “ rotted” and then " broken” and “swingled,” and was thus prepared for the combing,carding and the “little wheel," as the machine was called on which the flax was spun,to distinguish it from the larger machine for spinning wool. IL was woven into cloth for table covers. towelling, sheeting and shirting. The “ tow,” which was the coarse portion comb- ed out on the “ hetchel,” was spun into a coarse yarn, of which a cloth was made for summer suits for the men and boys. The tow shirt, so commonly worn, was, when new, an instrument of torture to the wearer’ as it was full of prickling spinesleft from the woody art of the stalk. The tailor oft e old days, with his goose, travelingfrom house to house, to make up the clothes for the men and boys—or to cut and fit them for the gossiping “tailoress ” to complete-is not known to the present gen- eration. Barbed Wire. “The case of Washburn,Mocn & (‘o.vs. But- ler came up in the Federal court here a few days ago. The defendzuits, Butler, are the parties who sold one-half interest in their patent machine for barbing wire to the Iowa Farmers‘ Protective Association, and after the Association had made several machines and began making wire, surreptitiously sold out to the Washburn monopoly, who got pos- session of the inachines in use by the Associ- ation, uuder a writ of replcvin, much to the surprise and chagrin of the Association. The court decided on the point raised in favor of Vliasliburn, Moon & Co. as to their title in the patent, but the decision had no reference or hearing on the claims of the Association to the same patent.” The above from the St. Paul Pioneer Press is an average sample of the monopol *‘s judi- cious system of lying to erpetuate t ie infa- mous lezisc given to the Vashburn & Moen combination b the Chica o decision. The facts are that t e Farmers’ rotective Asso- ciation are anxious to meet them on the true merits of the case, and are willing to rest their cause with an honest court. he case against the Butlers was brou ht in order to have the same go by defau t. the Butlers making a. nice sum in consequence. The at- torneys visited the Butlers with an answer to the suit and they refused to verif ; and when answer was made for them by t e As- sociatiori, according to contract, Jud e Nel- son ruled against it,holdiIig that the utlers were the parties in interest and must answer for themselves; and that answer not being filed judgment was rendered against the But- lers, ersonall , so worded as not to prejudice the rights of t ie Farmers‘ Protective Asso- ciation. As to securing possession of the machines, that is an infamous lie. The machines have been running constantly ; Washburn, nor any one else, not having the least claim upon them. They did get possession of the pat- terns surreptitiously, but another set of pat- terns havc been obtained, the monopoly hav- ing obtziincd no advantage for its pains. The Association is in position to-day to fill orders promptly.-Iowa Grange Visitor. Michigan Teaeh rs’ Institutes. AUGUST SERIES, 1882. Institutes will be held at the following named places and dates :- Sault Ste. Marie, Chippewa Co., August -7-ll. Alpena, Alpena Co., August 14-18. L’Anse, Baraga Co., August 14-18. Nashville, Barry Co., August 14- 18. Niles. Berrien Co., August 14-18. Edwardsburg, Cass Co., August 14-18. Clare, Clare Co., August 14-18. Greenville, Mdntcalm Co., August 14-18.‘ Quincy, Branch Co., August 21-25. Cheboygan, Cheboygan Co., August 21-25. Parma, Jackson Co., August 21-25. Kalamazoo. Kalamazoo Co., August 21-25. Kalkaska, Kalkaska Co., August 21-25. Fowlerville, Livingston Co., August 21-25. Armada, Macomb Co., August 21-25. Spalding, Menominee Co., August 21-25. Pontiac, Oakland Co., August 2l—Sept. 1. Saginaw, Saginaw Co.. August 21-25. Brockway Centre, St.Clair Co., August 21-25. White Pigeon, St.Joseph~Co., Aug. 21-25. Vassar, Tuscola Co., August 21-25. Paw Paw, Van Buren Co.. August 21-25. Bellaire, Antrim Co., August 28-Sept. 1. St. Johns, Clinton Co., August 28-Sept. 1. Traverse City, Grand Traverse Co. , August 28--Se t. 1. St. ouis, Gratiot Co., August 28-Sept. 1. Hil1sdale,Hillsdale Co., August28-Sept. 1. Port Hope. Huron 00., August 28-Sept. 1. Au Sable, Iosco Co., August 28-Se t. 1. Mt. Pleasant, Isabella Co., Aug. 28- ept. 1. Midland, Midland and Gladwin Counties, August 28-Sept. 1. Monroe. Monroe Co., August 28-Sept. 1. Trent, Muskegon Co., August 28-Sept. 1. Rockland, Ontonagon Co., August 28- Se t. 1. helsea, Washtenaw Co.’, Aug. 28-Sept. 1. Wayne, Wayne Co., August 28-Sept. 1. THE REAPER, DEATH. HARDING-In the dispensation of an all-wise Providence our Divine Master has entered our Grange, and after a long illness has taken from us a beloved sister in the person of Sister Harding. Therefore Resolved, That in the death of Sister Raiding our Order has lost an honorable member, our Brother a devoted com a, and the familyauafieetionate mother; and that we extend to our bereaved Brother and family in their hour of great aiiliction our ear- nest sympathies. _ Resolved, That this tribute be spread on our rec- ord. a copy sent to the GRANGE Vrsrrcn for publica- tion, alao to Bro, Harding, and that our charter and implements be draped in mourning for thirty days. LINCOLN-Our ‘Divine Master in his wisdom has once more visited our Grange and taken from us our beloved Brother Samuel E. Lincoln, a worthy mem- ber of Rural Grange, No. 37. Therefore, Resolved, That in the death of Bro. Lincoln our Order has lost a valuable member, the community a good citizen, and that we will cherish the memory of our Brother, and extend to his bereaved widow and family our warmest sympathy. Resolved, That our charter and implements be draped in mourning for thi days. and a copy of these resolutions be sent to t e family and be print- ed in the Gaaivon Vrsrroa. also that this tribute be spread on our Grange record. . Alabasiine Is the only preparation based on the proper principles to constitute a durable finish for walls, as it is not held on the wall with glue, etc., to decay, but is a Sto'ne Ce- ment that hardens with age, and every ad- ditional coat strengthens the wall. Is ready for use by adding hot water, and easily ap- plied by anyone. - Fifty cents’ worth of ALABASTINE will cover 50 square yards of average wall with two coats: and one coat will produce betta work than can be done with one coat of any other preparation on the same surface. For sale by paint dealers everywhere. Send for circular containing the twelve beautiful tints. Manufactured only by AL- ABASTINE Co. M. B. CHURCH. Manager, Grand Rapids, Mich. PATENTS. LUCIUS C. WEST, Solicitor of American and Foreign Patents, and Counsellor in Patent Causes. Trade Marks, Copyrights, Assignments, Caveats, and Mechanical Drawings.‘ Circulars free. 16 Portage street, KALAMAZOO, MICH. api-ltf GRANGE HORSE. NETS. We manfacture a first-class Horse Net at Charlotte, Michigan, and offer at prices as follows :- Full Size Bod , Neck, and Ear tips of 16-thread twine, by the dozen, each . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.10 Same as above made of 20-thread twine, each. 1.25 Bodynetstothehames,each.............. .. 76 Ear tips, by the doz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2.40 When express charges exceed one dollar per dos. the excess can be charged to me. Sixty da s time given on orders under seal of a Grange, an 6 per cent discount off for cash with the order. Annaass: J OSEPII SHAW. Charlotte, Mich. juyl-tf. Fislfls American Manual of PARLIAMENTARY LAW Is the cheapest and best. The subject is made so plain that every Citizen or Society member should ave a copy. Circular of commendation free. Price by mail so- paid; cloth, 50 cents; leather tucks, 81.00. Posgge stamps received. Address, J. T. Cone, Schoolcraft, or _ _ GEO. T. FISH. (Mention this paper.) Rocnasrun, N. Y. FENNO & MANNING, Wlllll COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 117 Federal Bt., Boston. consignments solicited and cash Advances Made. A.VANDENBERG, MANU FACTURER, Wuonasua AND Raran. Deanna 11¢ HARNESS, WHIPS, BLANKETS, TRUNKS, 816., 92 Monroe Street, GRAND RAPIDS, MICK. I take pleasure iihpreaentingto your favorable con- sideration my CAS PRICE LIST of Harness Work -HAND MADE—all of my own manufacture, and also to return thanks for the liberal atronage I have received from the different Granges t roughout Mick- igan. I shall do in the future as in the past-furnish the best oods for the least money. Farm arness, White Trimmed Breeching, Round Lines, Snaps, Rum Straps, and spread rings, complete, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 The same without Breeching, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “ “ with flat Lines, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. “ “ “ “ “ without breeching,. . Double Light Buggy Harness, white trimmed, from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 to The same, Nickle Trimmed. from . . . . . .836 to Single Buggy Harness, with round lines, white trimmed, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Same with fiat lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nickle Trimmed, . . . . . "815, 816, 818, 820 and 25 00 ALL ORDERS RECEIVED UNDER SEAL 0!‘ THE GRANGE will be shipped at once, and may be returned at my expense if not entirely satisfactory. Address all orders to Yours very respectfully, A. VAN DENBERG, 92 Moiraoa Sraaa-r. Giuim Baring. E5 88 8%’:-"98 88 88 8888 German Horse and Cow Powders. This owderhas been in use for many years. It is lar y used b the farmers of Pennsylvania, and the atrons of that State have bought over 100,000 pounds through their urchasing agents. Its compo- sition is no secret. e reoei t is on every box and 5-pound ackage. It is made Dr. L. Oberholtzefs Sons 6 o.,_Phoeni_xville, Pa. t keeps stock health and in good condition. It helps to digest and ass - late the food. Horses will do more work, with lea food while us it. Cows will give more milk and be in better condition. It keeps poultry health , and increases the production of e . It is also ofygreat vahlpleutpl them when moi ' . t is sold at the lowest w e rice b JAMES ono. w. imx. Z ’ -raorr, THUS. MASON, 181 WA-ran 52., Cnrcaeo, and ALBERT STEGEMAN, Anusoart. Put u in 60-lb. boxes (leose), rice Ereirr Cutrs per 1%», 310-115. L-cu r . R. boxes (of6 6-lb.pao ,Tll Oar-rs pa 1 Mill Ill) 6 Hill TEAD Grand Ea ids, Michi is the most 0 ular tural and gm’ P P ted paper,now in its sixth volume,i.s published weekly, and sent to subscribers at 81.60 a year including postage. Every number contains 8 pages, 40 col- cul- ily paper published. This widely circula- umns of practical cultural and family reading matter, including ful reports of the West Michifiu Farmers’ Club, of which it is the oflioial organ. e publishers offer for the next thirty days to send on receip)t of 82.00 Tau Woann for one year and a cc of “ ur Farmer's Account Book,” containing pages on fine Ledger paper, a comprehensive sys- tem of book keeping adapted to the wants of practi- cal farmers eve here. Over 80,000 of these books have been sold within the last year, and in many in- stances farmers have paid itinerant book agents as high as three dollars for them. Every farmer should have one of these account books, but we advise them to send direct to the Aearcuunaar. Woann, Grand Rapids, Mich., and receive the account book and TI] WORLD for one year for less than the book costs alone. Tm: Woann and Grange Visitor one year, and the account book, $2.60. Don't fail to mention this paper when writing. Address, F. M. CARROLL, Publishers, Guam: Bums, Mich. 00., 80 Woonanmen 513., Di-. 8 ———* nun ensues visrron. AUGUST 15, 1882. HOG CiioLEnA—I{ere is some more testi- mony iii favor of a remedy before ad- vocated. H. A. Eggleston, of Kansas, says: “ ‘When the cholera got among my ho s I put corn on a brush heap and burnt it. '1‘ ie hogs ate the ashes and cliari‘e(1 corn. Then I put coal oil in milk— a few spoonsfuls to every h