'._V_V\‘\1\\.-\\_\\.'.'v.’\-‘~‘.. V. ~.v.\.~.x. \‘ . 9 ill.‘ ax? llii {ar- §§l~vé " all ullllll “THE FARMER IS 011’ MORE CONSEQUEJVCE THAN THE FARM, AND SHOULD BE FIRST IMPROVED.” VOLUME l0,—NO. 4. WHOLE N0. 180. SCHOOLCRAFT, MICH., FEBRUARY 15., 1884. [Printed by Kalamazoo Publishing Co.] Publishers of the Daily and Weekly Telegraph, Combined monthly circulation of the three papers, 72,500, Entered at the Post Office at Kala- mazoo as second Class matter. @119 gauge; flisitar (EIVLARGED) Published on the First and Fifteenth of every month, AT 50 CENTS PER ANNUM Eleven Copies for 85.00. J. T. COBB, Editor & Manager, To whom all communications should be ad- dressed, at schoolcraft, Mich. Bemittances should be by Registered Letter, Money Order, or Draft. §'This paper 2': not sent only as ordered and paid for in advance. Officers National Grange. MAs'.rEn—J'. J. WOODMAN,Paw Paw,Mich. Oviiasaiia—PUT. DARDEN, . . . . Mississippi. LEO'1"UBEB—HEN RY ESHBAUGH, Missouri. STEWABD—W. SIMS, ............. . . Kansas. Assr. S’1'EWAl?.D—JO.HN J. ROSA, Delaware. CEAPLAIN-H. O. DERVIES,.. .. .Maryland. TBEA8UBEB.—F. MoDOWELL,.. .New York. Sirc’r—W. M. IRELAND, Washington, D. C. GATE-KEEPER-—JAS. DRAPER, ..... . .Ms.ss. Cxaas—MRS. J. J. WO0DMAN,..Michigan. PoKONA—MRS. PUT. DARDEN, Mississippi. FI.oii.A—Mns. I. W. NICHOLSON,New Jersey Lsnr Assn‘. S'I.‘EWABD—MEB. Wit. SIMS,Kan Executive committee- D. WYATT AIKEN, . . . . . ..South Carolina. H. D. BINGHAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Ohio. DB. J. M. BLANTON, . . . . . . . . . . ..Virginia.. Officers Mlchlgan state Grange. M.—C. G. LUCE, ................. ..Gilead. O.—-A. N. WOODRUFF, ...... ..Watervliet. Ln0.——JOHN HOLBROOK, . . . . . . ..Lansing. S.—8. A. TOOKEB, . . . . . . . . . .Grand Ledge. A. S.-A. B. CLARK, . . .. .... .. .. ..Morrice. C.—E. R. WILLARD . . . . . . . ..White Pigeon. TBIILB-—-8. F. BROWN, . . . . . . . . .Schoolci-aft. Sxc..——J. T. COBB, . . . . . . . . . . . . .Schoolcraft. G. K.—ELIJAH BARTLE'l"l‘,. . . . . .Dryden. Ciisns.—MRS. M. T. COLE, ..... ..Palmyra. I-‘oxoiu.——MRS. LYDIA DRAKE, Plainwell. F1.oai—MRS. D. H. STONE ............ .. L. A. S.—MRS. A. B. CLARK . . . . ..Morrice. Executive colnmlttee. WM. SATTERLEE, Ch’n., . . . .Birmingham. H. D, PLATT, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Ypsilanti. JOHN PORTER, .......... ..Grand Rapids. THOMAS MARS, ........ ..Berrien Center. J. Q. A. BURRINGTON,.....,....Tuscola.. THOS. F. MOORE, .............. ..Adrian. J, G, BAMSDELL .......... . .Traverse City. C. G. LUCE, J. T. COBB, ..... ..Ex-ofiicio. state Business Agent. THOMAS MASON,.. .. .... .. ..Chicago, IlL GEO. W. HILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Detroit. General Deputy. JOHN HOLBROOK ............. . .Lansing. special Lecturers. Thos. F. Moore,. . .... ..Adrian, Lenawee Co. M. L. Stevens, . . . . . . ..Perrv, Shiawassee Co. Jason Woodman, . . . .Paw Paw VanBuren Co A. N. Woodrufi, . . . . . .Watervliet, Berrien Co‘ Mr. Perry Mayo,..Battle Creek, Calhoun Co: Mrs. Perry Ma.yo,. .Battle Creek, Calhoun Co. Price List of Supplies Kept in the omce of the Secretary of the MICHIGAN STATE GRANGE. And sent out Port Paid, on Receipt of Cash Order, over the seal of a Subordinate Grange, and the signature of in Master or Secretary. Porcelain Ballot Marbles, per hundred,.. 76 Blank Book, ledger ruled, for Secretary to keep accounts with members,_ .... .. 1 0' Blank Record Books, (Express paid),... 1 00 Order Book, containing 100 Orders on the Treasurer, with stub,_well bound,. 50 Receipt Book, containing 100 _RB°°1Pt3 from Treasurer to Secretary. With Stub. ll bounds Blziik Receipts for dues, or 100, bound» 50 Applications for Members P. P61‘ 100.. - - Secretary's Account Book, (new style). . Withdrawal Cards, per doz-. ---------- -- 25 Dimits, in envelopes, per doz., .... .._ .. . . 25 By-Laws of the State Grange, single copies 10¢. per doz.,..... 76 By-Laws,bound,...... ..._. .... .... .. ... 20 H Glad Echoes,” with music. Single copy 15 cts. per doz., . . . . .._.---_-- - - - - - - -- 1 50 The National Grange Choir, single copy 4-Ocents. Perdozen . . . . . . . .......... 4 00 Rituals. single c°i>y...-- ------------ -- 2° 44 perdoz.,.......................240 N for Fifth Degree, for Pomona Granges. pet ,c0PYa ----------------- - - 10 Blank “Articles of Association” for the Luca ration of Subordinate Granges, withrgg y of Charter, all complete,.... 10 Notice to elin uent Members, er 100,. 40 Declaration of urpoflfifiy P01’ 03-: 50-: per hundred . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . - - - - - - - - - - - - 40 American Manual of Parhapientary La‘i‘w bl H H I (Morocco 'I‘uck,) . . . . .._ ............. -. 1 09 Digest of Laws and Rulings, .... .. 40 Roll Books ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Address, J. 1‘. COBB, Sac’! MIOE. Si-an Gannon, 3G.|:lULn.\.‘M.AF’1'. MICE. diliwllilil derailment; HALF-‘NAY D0lN’3. BY IRWIN BUSEELL. Belubhed fellow-trabelers; in holding forth to—day, Idoesn’t quote no special verse for whatI has to say. De sermon will be berry short, an’ dis here am do tex’—— Diit halfvway doin's ain’t no ’count for dis world or do nex‘. Dis worl' dat we’s a libbin’ in is like a cotton- row, Whar ebery cullud gentleman has got his line to hoe; And every time a lazy nigger stops to take a nap De grass keeps on a growin’ for to smudder up his crap. When Moses led de Jews acrost dc waters ob de sea, Dey had to keep u. goin’ jes’ as fas’ as his’ could be Do you suppose dat dey cber could liab suc- ceeded in dcir wish, And reached de Promised Land at lust—if dey had stopped to fish? My frien’s, dar was a garden once, where Adam libed wid Eve, Wid no one round to bodder dem, no neigh- bors for to thinve. And ebery day was Christmas, and dey got deir rations free, And eberything belonged to dem; except an apple tree. You all know ’bout de story—-how dc snake come snoopiu’ round- A slump-tail, rusty moccasin, a crawlln’ on de groiin’— How Eve and Adam est de fruit, and went and hid deir face, Till de angel oberseer come and drove ‘em off de place, Now ’spose dat man and ’ooman hadn't tempted for to shirk, But had gone about deir gardenin' and tended to deir work, Dey wouldn't hab been lonfin’ whar dey had no business to, Ane de debbel neber’d had a chance to tell ‘em what to do. N o half-way doin’s, bredren! It'll ncber do. I say! G0 at your task and finish it, and den’s de time to play- For eben if de crap is good, de rain'll spils de ls Unless you’ keeps a pickiu in do garden ob your souls. Keep ii-plowin’ and a hoein’ and ii-scrapin‘ on de rows. And when do ginnin’s ober you can pay up what you owes; But if you quits u workin’ ebery time do sun is hot, De sheriff’s gwine ter lebby on eberyting you’s got. Whateber ’tis you're dribin’ at, be shore and dribe it through, And don't let nufflu stop you, but do what you‘s gwine ter do; For when you sees a nigger foolin' den, as shore’s as you're born, You’s gwine to see him comin’ out de small end ob de horn. I thanks you for de 'tention you has gib dis arternoon—- Sister Williams will oblige us by a-raisin‘ ob a tune- I see dat Brudder Johnson's ’bout to pass aroun’ de hat. And don’t let’s hab no half-way doin's when it comes to dat! ——Century Zllagtzzivze. Report of Berrien County Institute of Jan. 15 and 16,1884. Dr. Kedzie, of the Agricultural College, on manures, said; “Our ag- riculture must take on a more inten- sive form if it is to pay, on our high. piiced land. Soil to produce extra crops must be fed extra. Then passing to chem- ical problems the Dr. said, all plants are similar in their composition, they are made up of thirteen elements. Of these, four are gasses, viz : oxygen, hydrogen, chlorine and nitrogen, four are non metallic solids, these are sulphur, carbon, silicon and phos- phorus; and five are metals: iron, sodium, calcium, potassium, (the last two of these, respectively the basis of lime and potash). and magnesium. Part of theseare everywhere in inex- haustable supply, part, less common though still abundant, while the sup- ply ofa few is exceedingly small, of these last a deficiency in the soil of either potash, potassium, phospho- rus or nitrogen, limit plant growth. From this he regards manure as means to make elements already in the soil available. Barnyard manure is of universal application, produced from plants it of course contains all elements of plant growth. Muck he regards of nearly equal value only being more inert it requires to be composted with barnyard manure. All animal remains, hair, leather, wooleus, or anything that in burning gives the sm.-ll of burnt feathers is of great value and should be used to make compost. Bones should be composted with wood ashes. Wood ashes he considers worth $1.16 per 100 pounds for their chemical constit- uents, leached ashes are worth less but are still valuable. Salt prevents grain from lodging but is useless on cold wet clays or for clover. Plaster increases the leaf and straw of wheat but not the grain, its chief benefit is for clover. He tells of applying leached ashes on orchards at the rate of thirty tons per acre, the land showing the good effects twenty years after, He especially recommends leached ashes for open porous soils. In buying commercial fertilizers he advises caution as parties in Ohio and perhaps elsewhere are sending to Michigan fertilizers below the require- ments of their own State laws and offering them here under high sound- ing names while there are many of them nearly or quite worthless. In restoring exhausted soils clover should be the main relia.nce—clover and plaster. An acre of clover con- tains five tons of vegetable matter worth at the market price ofits chem- icals about sixty dollars. Field peas he regards as valuable for manure. The cow pea of the south he thinks will be of very great value if it can be grown successfully, but is in doubt on this point. Replying to 9. question about buckwheat, he said. “Buck- wheat is pretty sure death to .wire- worms and in the form of buckwheat cakes promotes scratching, that’s about all its good for.” Perhaps those who have had experience in plow- ing under buckwheat, especially on light, sandy soils where it is diflicult to gets “catch” of clover will give their experience. Directand indirect taxation. by C. F. Howe showed clearly among other things that our tax laws dis- criminate against the ambitious poor manjust starting in life. “He buys a firm paying one-third or one half down, the balance secured by mort- gage but must pay taxes on the whole farm though he is as yet but a third or half owner.” 0! railroads. mines, and other property paying specific taxes, Mr. Howe says: “These rates were established many years ago when taxes were much lower than they are now, and therefore these classes of property do not now hear theirjust share of the public burden.” He would abolish specific taxes and assess rai1roads,mines, and everything else at what they are worth. Secretary Baird of the Agricultural College gave the proportion of stu- dents at the Agricultural College, who when they enter intend to make farm- ing their life work at 38 per cent, while one-half or fifty per cent of the college graduates become practical farmers. The number of students last year he gives at 182. His address was largely statistical, but he made many excellent points aside from statistics, Here follows a few. “There are no more intelligent la- borers in the world than the Ameri- can farmers.” “The question of keeping the boys on the farm is a thing of the past.” “Proper representation for the far- mer is to be secured by liberal cul- ture.” “Education must not be separate nor apart from life work.” “There is more mental food to be drawn from Shakespeare than from all the ancient literature of the dead languages.” “Questions in nature must be an- swered by scientific investigation and the results will always be found in the line offixed laws.” Prof. Frank‘ Kedzie lectured on chemistry in the household. I can only transcribea few items. Baking powder he thinks the housekeeper should buy rather than try to make, but advises to avoid all fancy pack- ages such as articles in glassware and the like. One teaspoon of soda he thinks enough for a quart of flour. Preservati ve powder such as the much vaunted Rex Magnns, he advises to use with caution as in constant use they may injure health. He advises to preserve jelly from mold by a bit of paraphine dropped on the surface while still warm enough to melt it instead of the usual way with paper. In making soap to put a layer of quicklime in the leach near the bot- LODCI. Butter, if to be kept he advisrs should be covered with brine, a layer of salt over the top is not sufficient. He thinks for a perfect package for butter we shall finally resort to glass. From Mrs. VVoodrufI"s essay, “The farmer in society,” I quote a few sen- tences only: She urges to avoid alike foppish- ness on one hand and loorishness on the other. “Minds with golden thoughts ought to clothe them suitably." She condemns money making, for its own sake and would estimate a man by what he is, and his wealth by what he makes it yield of comfort and happiness. Mr. Chamberlain, on “Sheep hus- bandry” was in favor of the mutton breeds. I condense a few estimates which is allI can give of his extremely valu- able paper. “A steer that at three years old sells for $35 pays only about three cents a day for his entire keep.” “A sheep well kept ought to yield at least :T>3.:3U a year in wool and increase, or one cent a day.” “The winter keep of one steer he re- gards as equal to that of ten sheep while in summer five sheep require as much pasture as the steer.” Of Prof. Johnson's very able lecture on the economical feeding of stock I only give 011-: item. He thinks that the food of stock should be of proper quantity and quality, but that its chemical constit- uents should be properly balanced else the feeding is at a loss and he refers to an experiment in which an animal llberally fed made no gain when by the addi'-.m of asmall quantity of oil meal a gain was effected out of all proportion to the added ration, the explanation being that it made other food elements available that had be- fore run to waste. The essay by A. N. Woodruff, “Thoroughbred stock for profit” was able throughout but I only attempt to reproduce his illustration of what can be accomplished by a persistent use of thoroughbred sires. 5°““’v ? x Blood 2 . . Thoroughbred, 5 Thofld } Blood, I Thom’ S; Blood. This last the product of the third, cross being ofequal value for all ordi- nary purposes of the farm to the thor- oughbred. Avery remarkable essay was read by Mrs. Marsh, on “Child Culluie,” that I hope may appear in the Visi- TOR, it richly deserves 9 place, as in fact do others. She regards the home atmosphere for the first six years as fixing the child's character, almost absolutely in after life, and refers to experience and customs of the ancient Greeks in support of her position certainly making out a strong case, dwelling upon the custom of diningin one common hall, (prevalent at one time among the Greeks), that all children might have the benefit of the best society. On the subject of schools she says among other things, “The youngest minds should have most. not least attention from the teacher.” And this that certainly deserves careful study: “The cost of our present country schools and the expense of erecting schoolhouses would maintain a graded school in every township and run a conveyance on every road to carry children to and from school with a handsome surplus left over.” Model Farms. Older farmers can remember when farming was chiefly noted for two things, hard work and small pay, and it was brim full of both. The impetus which the nineteenth century has given farming with the aid of im- proved methods and machinery has caused another extreme — fancy farming. Now, no millionaire has done his whole duty to his coun- try unless he owns a rural residence and breeds fancy stock. It is with no complaining spirit that these remarks are made, for all this gives employ- ment to some one, but when agricul- turaljournals display them to farmers as models, they err. These elegant buildings and stock worth thousands of dollars per head are out of reach of most farmers. Instead of model farms they are experimental farms, and as such may be of great value to far- mers. Owners of fancy farms are men whose business life has been success- ful, and they carry their business hab- its into farming. They would feel honored to report their experiments to the board of agriculture if request- ed. In the end the farmer is most benefitted by this careful breeding of expensive stock. W'ho but these mil- lionaires would do it? However, there are some features about these experimental farms calcu- lated to make a practical man smile . On one farm—"at milking time all via- itors are excluded, no noise or talking is heard as the milkers silently per- form their tasks.” Solemn occasion. Reminds one of the burial of Sir John Moore. The writer knows live cows that would feel lonesome, which yield a goodly supply of milk to the doleful notes of “Auld Lang Syne,” “Little Brown Jug” or the tender strains of “The G rl I left behind Me.” (Come to think, it would not be a proper thing for a brass band to play “March- ing through Georgia" during the milk- ing of one heifer.) But the next sen- tence contains a good point of regular- ity. “Milking time is fives. M. and 1-. M. annually.” Cattle in winter areonly out from one to three hours daily for exercise. This is a saving of feed and manure and increases the milk. Cows are cuiried and brushed daily from head to tail switch. This pays in but- ter snd flesh and fortune should never favor a man with more cows than he could thus care for. The writer occu- pies 20 minutes in currying and brushing and combing tail switches of five cows. Done once a month or week, it is a chore; like the old squaw who didn’t see how pale-faces combed their hair every day. She dldn’t comb here but once a month and it most killed her. The milk on these farms is all weighed, each cow’s separately. Most farmers with a few cows, know which are paying, and these which are not soon go to crea’e a disturbance or dyspepsia in some one’s stomach. The point is how much milk and butter must A cow yield to be profitable? Eacl: farmer figures that for himself. It is a slippery day and a very dark night when the average American far- mer gets left. One farm has cows washed and stable floor scrubbed week- ly. This can scarcely be anything but an injury. Next time a blizzard strikes us and the thermometer takes a tumble, and when the dearest place is “home sweet home,” and the dearest spot in “home sweet home” is nearest the coal stove, read some accounts of these experi- ments, eroneously called model farms andyou will get many useful hints. You are not obliged to swallow them whole, but "cleave to the good and all the bad refuse.” E. w. 5. Agricultural Salt. In accordance with a resolution adopted by the State Grange, the un- dersigned was instructed by the Ex- ecutive committee to make arrange- ments for the purchase of salt for agri- cultural purposes, by Patrons, if sat- isfactory terms could be obtained. I first turned my attention to the salt works along the Saginaw river. I found these works all controlled by the “Salt Association of Michigan" who control the manufacture and sale of'al1 the salt of this region. Well knowing that it was useless to at- tempt to make any terms with this as- sociation I turned my attention to other fields. At Midland City I found the Michigan Bromine and Salt com- pany, who manufaciure salt for agri- cultural purposes exclusively. This company will fill all orders for salt in car-load lots at the lowest wholesale rates, on board the cars at Midland City. The present price is $1.50 per ton. The company have arrange- ments for reduced rates of freight to different parts of the State. Those desiring to purchase this salt can get particulars by addressing the Michigan Bromine and Salt company, or Lsrkin & Patrick, the contractors for the manufacture, at Midland City Michigan. I enclose the following from Prof. R. C. Kedzie. Dear Si-rs: I herewith submit to you the results of analysis of speci men of agricultural salt made at your Chloride of Sodium . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92.27 Chloride of Potassium . . . . . . . . . .. _; 1.80 Sulphate of Lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. - l.-30 Chloride of Calcium ........... .. ‘ so Chloride of Magnesium . . . . . . . . .. l.-52 Vvater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 Insoluble residue Oxide of iron kc 2'2 100.00 There is no longer a question about the value ofsalt as a manure in our State. So many farmers have used it, and the tcstimony in regard to its value when properly used is so satis- factory that the value of Agricultural salt is generally acknowledged. How the Agricultural ssltis beneficial, and how it should be used to secure the best results, I have tried :0 explain in a lecture delivered before the Farmers’ ("lub of East Saginaw, Michigan, in least), and published in the report of State Board of Agriculture for 1879. Ivory respectfully refer you to that article as giving you fuller informa- tion on this subject than I can find. time to make at present. Yours very truly, lt. C.l{1~:h/.115, Professor (..‘he.mistry. State Agricultural College, Lan- sing, Mic-li., Nov. och, 155;’, To any who contemplate purchas- ing would say, send your orders at once and I am assured they will be promptly tilled. If you have not the report of the State Board of Agricul- ture for 1873), procure it and read the lecture of Prof. Kedzie, and I think you will be convinced that this salt, made by boiling down the brine di- rectly from the pump, is better for manure than the pure salt. J. Q. A. Buxxrurrrox. Farm Prolils. lira. C'0blr.‘——llH.\'lllg rcud Bro. Voor- lices‘ article on "Citsll from the farm," I enclose ii st-utcincut of cash receipts from :1 f:u'm in southern Micliigau. Size of l';lnn, To zic1‘cs; no wood 1and_ l’J'iucip'.il bramch of farming, cheese d;iii'_viug. lluvc been on the farm the lust six years. On taking possession six years ago, thc f:u'ni was in :1 worn- out condition, with only live acres of meadow; \V’ll.lll1(‘ill'l)'-ll) ;,(-1-93 ,,,,de,- the plow, with had previous tillage; pzlsture poor, from having been prev- iously o\'e1‘stock¢-ll with sheep. [lave not kept an ll('llll'l.t',(l :1cccunt of the dlfl'ercut clzisscs of l':i1'm products mis- ed and sold. but will give the total sales for the six yczirs: For the year ending Dec. 31, 1878” ,3 2.32 30 “ “ “ “ 1879... 4439 44 “ “ “ H 1830. _ _ G34 44 “ “ “ “ 1851... (S65 86 ll If (I If . - {I H A‘ It 1883-.‘ 1 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-‘5?l:G-32 41 Or an average per year of . . . . . . G05 40 The small .s1mwing for the year 1882 is o\vlng‘ to lieiiig ciigugcd in building, hzivlng ll-lso11icl.3:ici'cs ofcl-1'11 groum] to be worked on sh:u‘cs, of which no account has been made of the sh'.u'e given. _\'c-iilncr docs the above state- ment include what has hecn consuxncd by it fuinily of six pcrsoiis. Jasper, Micll. M_ ._,_ The Texas Fence War. The announcement that the message of the Governor of Texas was princi- pally devoted to the “fence war” no doubt reads strangely in the East. Texas has a "fence war," however, and a serious one. Large cattle farms have multiplied in that State in recent years, and as they have been fenced in with the llllp.’lSS8.l)l6 barbed wire, the rcviilg clu.=i~:es, which include many Clfif-l>4eT-‘ill ’l‘r—x>is,have f0.'lTl{/l long used roads and paths closed. The im- mense size of many of these ranges has made it a serious matter to be obliged to go around them, and it is complained that the owners have done liftle to provide gateways and open- ings. The county seat of Jones County for example, is said to be entireiy 9111-- rounded by a wire fence about fifteen miles distant with only two or three gates in itsenfire length. Fences are numerous which are eight to ten miles long, or even fifteen or twenty. The result has been that fences have been fzeely cut. Men have cut their way into the great enclosures, and then have had to cut their way out. This practice has bred a habit of Wan- ton fence-cutting on the part of herd- ers and cowboys, which has reached such proportions that the State may almost be said to be in a commotion over it. The subject demanding the attention of the Legislature is that of the fences. The Governor has already unofficially expressed the opinion that the landowners should make their in- closures smaller and open roads at suit- able intervals. In his me-sage he ap- pears to have combined recommenda- tions ofthis kind with others for strin- gent penalties against the fence cut- ters, who seem to have" a lawless pub- lic sentiment on their side.——[1\‘ew York Tribune. Which does the d.\’8l':ig‘e f'~.u‘mei' care most for, his :i;,r1'iculturz1l paper, or his works. political p:lpci".‘ THE. QRANGE VISIEQR. Ely; grunge gfligifar SCHOOLCRAFT, — FEBRUARY 1. 25 50 5 00 fiingle copy, six months, ____ -- Elngle copy, one year, -_-._--_ Eleven copies, one year ---_--- To ten trial subscribers for three months we will send the VISI~ for ___---_-....__-__-_--_ .-_$I 00 For new subscribers, cauvassers are authorized to retain one-third of the regular’ subscription price to com- pensate for their work. Sample copies free to any address. Address, J. T. Conn, Schoolcraft, Mich. OUR CLUBBING LIST. Regular With Price. Vnrroa. Arne:-ican Farmer . . . . .._..’..,.8I 00 8 85 American Grange Bullet1n,gL1t- fleGrangerincluded) . . . . . . .. l 60 I 65 Atlantic Monthly . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4 00 4 00 Balryland ..._ ............... .. 50 8.5 Oentury(Sonbner’s)....._...... 400 410 Detroit Free Press (without Household) weekly . . . . . . . . .. I 00 I 40 Detroit Free Press (with House- hom) w .................. .. 1 25 _1 65 Dernorest’s Monthly . . . . . . . . . .. 2 00 2 00 Dio Lewis-’s Monthly . . . . . . . . . . 2 50 2 70 Farm, Fieldand Fireside . . . . . . I 00 1 25 Farmers’ Review . . . . . . .:..... 1 50 160 nu-per’s Monthly Magazine... 4 00 4 00 fi,u'-per') Weekly ....... . 4 00 4 00 flu-per-’s Bazar . . . . . .. . 4 00 4 U0 Eu-psr’s Young People 1 50 1 75 Inter-Ocean; Clucago( . 1 0° 1 4° Justice .......... .. .. 2 00 3 00 North American Review 5 00 4 59 Ohio Fsrrner . . . . . . . . . . . .. I 50 1 50 Ou:Little Men and Women . I O0 1 25 Ourldttle Ones .......... 150 I60 Past and Tribune, Detroit, wggkly) .: . . . . . . .._. . . . . . . .. l 00 140 Post and Tribune (Tn-Weekly) 4 00 4 00 Poultry Bulletin... . 1 25 1 50 pushy w.~ria.... . 1 00 1 35 Rural New Yorker. .. 2 00 2 30 Scientific American.. .... ._ 3 20 3 25 St. Nicholas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 00 3 15 The Cottage Hearth . . . . . . . . .. I 50 1 50 The Continental MagazI'ne.. . . 50 85 Tribune, Chicago. (weekly). . . . l 00 I 40 The Pansy (Weekly) . . . . . . . . . . . .75 I 15 Toledo Blade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 00 I 40 Vicky Monthly ............... .. I 25 150 Wide Awake . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 50 2 50 Woman’s J onrual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 50 2 60 Weekly Graphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 50 2 50 :-3: »- - - — } --—- INDEX TO THIS NUMBER. Half-Way Doin‘s—R.eport of Berrien County Institute, of Jan. 15 and 16. I884-Model Far1n— Agricultural Salt— Farm Profits- ’.l'heTexae Fence War. . 1 The Wheat Market --Plaster--A Surrender- The New Badge——True Every Word of it- The Temperance Wsr........ .. . 2 Fraternity Grange After a Feast-—Forest Grange No. 362—A Word from Lansing- Business—Girard Grange, No. 136 —Postal Jo’sting's-—Michigau Horticultural Society- Notioes of Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - . . 3 Varieties of Fruits Adapted to Chicago Mar- ket—The Grasses—S;.-mething About the Pl:-z.n%Gommon and Thorough-bred Cat- tlr. —Bee Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4 The Hand of Lincoln— Our Children at Home ——List of Patents —Subject for Subordinate Granges for March -- Advertisements, . . . . 5 Household Economy—A Boy’s Estimate of His Mother's Work——A Modern Student» The Forests; Our Friend -What Makes an Educated Man? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 The Postman——RecolIections for “The Boys’? Extract from the Address of Worthy Mas- ter Luce, 11th Session State Grange«Thg géimlaus iuulmul. J. T. Coa3,i - - SCHOOLCRAFT. WE are sometimes blamed when subscribers do not get their paper and justly so no doubt. But we do not ac- cept all that is charged up to us. Not unfrequently it is impossible to de- termine exactly the name or post ofllce of the subscriber. Here is the latest specimen: “Send me the VISITOR.” E. A. DA—— v. The intermediate letters of the last name we could not determine and the postmark was a blot. Now we have this man’s money and he won’t get the paper and won’t know why until six months hence, afterc-nmrlaining to his family and the neighbors, he will give us a blow- ing up for not sending his paper. In the meantime we shall have forgotten him and his order. This is the time in the year when we arethinking “what pa.pers and preiodi- cals shall we take.” Now let us not be penurious or thoughtless in this mat- ter. Every farmer ought to expend something in the bettering of his farm and stock every year. This they say pays, and we must do it;but when asked to subscribe for newspapers or magazines, they say in many instances, “I can not afford it," haven't time to read,’ and many other excuses, that are no excuses at all. I know of no better investment», nothing that will give bet- ter returns than taking of the best. papers and magazines for the families, and don‘t forget‘ the Vrsrron. A NEW brilliant invention is the Lampsor Cash railway now in use at the Star clothing house Grand Rap- ids. The increasing voluminous busi- ness of this large house necessitates a quicker delivery than the old way of cash boys or salesmen getting their change. By this system the tedious delay of waiting for change is obviat- ed. The spheres containing the money bringing back the change with unerr- ing velocity. It is worth a visit to the city to see the wonderful piece of mechanism. THE WHERT MARKET. In the Vrsrron for January lst. we gave in an editorial article on this subject, a summary of the views ex- pressed by severalof the highestflnan- cial authorities in the world, in oppo- sition to the estimates sent out by the New York Produce Exchange. There was a substantial agreement among the autnorites quote i, thaqthe amount ofwheat in this country available for export, would prove greater, the E'2g— lish demand less, and the exportations to England from Russia, Egypt and Australia, much greater than the estimate generally accepted in this country. At that time the price of wheat in Chicago was uuaccountal.-ly low, but all the above considerations would tend to a still further reduction, The correctness of these conclusions , has been verified by the steady decline which has been going on ever since that time. It has always been re- garded as an ominous thing to have the price of whest go down below a dollar in Chicago, but now regular cash wheat has been below 90 cents as quoted in the Chicago board of trade. This is an extraordinary state of things, and peculiarly unfortunate for the farmers of Michigan, because in most parts of the state they are expe- rlencing the co~incidence ofpoorcrops. The causes are dlfilcult to explain sat- isfactorily, and they seem to be beyond the control, even of the heaviest spec- ulators. Chicago has been repeatedly glutted with both wheat and corn, so elevator room was lacking for its accomodation. This is not explained by any exces- slve crop of the cereals in Europe last year for the crops were consideably be- low the average. It may be a clue, to a great extent to the greatly increas- ed area in many different countries devoted to the production of wheat. Itis found that a large part of Dakota, Montana, and Washington Territory are especially adapted to wheat cul- ture, and the same is true of the Brit- isn possessions, extending north and west, and almost to the Pease river in 60 degrees north latitude. This im- mense territory is likely to be one wheat field in the near future. Be- sides this, Indiais pouring out a stream of wheat that is increasing every year. In 1882 that country exported to Eng- land, nearly forty millions of bushels. The railroad system of India is rapid- ly extending, and every improvement only stimulates the out pour of grain to the world. If American machinery and American methods of using and handling wheat, should ever be intro- duced in India, the amount would in- crease still more rapidly. It is reported Iatelv, that the great prairies and boundless plains of the Argentine Republic in South Ameri ca, are as well adapted to wheat cul- ture as the richest part of the Red River Valley, and already the govern- ment of the confederation, has issued circulars and pamphlets, containing descriptions of their natural resources, and inviting immigration from, all countries. It may be that wheat raising in this country will have to adjust itself on quite a. new basis. We do not believe that prices will continue much longer on the downward course, and yet we must admit the possibility of so low a rate in Chicago, as to take away all the profits of production, even in “the new Northwest,” except under the most favorable conditions. Even with these favorable conditions, as applied to that great wheat growing district, it is plain the Michigan farmer must not rely on his wheat production for suc- cess in his business, but rather on a mixed husbandry. Jersey Bulletin, is anew feature of journalism. Its field, “The Jersey World” so it says: “History of the breed of Jersey cattle “would be inter- esting to farmers, for it shows the puainstaking ntcessary to the produc- tion of the marvelous Jersey cow. These methods could be imitated by every farmer in the improvement of his herds. The history continues in each number. There is a list of sales over each column in which no price is quoted less than $1,000; the first sale $2.800 and last of list 34,800. One writer advises that heifers drop their first calves at three years old. Is not two (2) years better? If not vigorous after dropping first calf at two years, do not allow them to calve at three years and they may be paying their way while resting. Dr. Heath’s arti- cles on Diseases, and treatment of breeding cattle are good. THE Detroit Evening Journal in the few months that it has been before the public has proved a Iively;competi- tor of the Evening News fora place as early news distributor to the people. Those who can readily reach a daily will find every morning in the Even- ing Journal of Detroit, the news of the day before. of all the world before them well condensed. ___._________.____ IT costs twenty-five cents to send a letter ten miles in the republic of Mex- ico, or any distance within the country. It takes about two days to get a letter throught the postoffice. When a mail arrives it is opened and distributed, and then a list is made and posted of all letters received. If you have a let- ter you must inquire for it. giving the date of the list. You are not allowed to ask if a. letter is there for you; if you do, you Wlll be refered to the llsts. LAND GRANTS—FORFElTURES. One of the most important questions now before Congres.-: is that relating to the forfeiture of unearned railroad land grants. In our discussions of this subject in the \'lsI'ros, we have insisted upon the principle that the condition.~' of every land gram should be strictly construed. The system of making extensive grants of the public domain to railroad corporations as an encouragernenf to undertake enter‘ prises for the dm z-lopment of the newer ‘decision of the Supreme (‘curt stood in partsof the country. was originally adopted in good faith. The grants grant as the assiguec and legal suc- cessor of the Texas Pi1C'lfi(I‘. In the 47th Congress. this preposterou;-' claim came very near being a success. It was with great hesitation that a report at the last session was made against the claim,but no act was passed declar- ing the forfeiture. Meanwhile the “interior facts" which we have men- tioned have come to light. It has been shown that the failure of the Texas Pacific to complete its line and cam its grant. was brought about by Mr. Huntington and the Southern Pacific. That tlnelatter parties have persist.- were ;ll'.\'a_v.< made in alternate sections eml-‘V urged “P9” (‘On-_g_r"55 the I“"’f"it' and it \vu.-' .-'u1:1*0scd that the settle-‘ure Ofthe Tex“ P”“"“‘5 gram‘ Tm“ _ _ 1 - . 1. ,' * . . . , , _ mcnt of the wilderness would be sogthe ‘\"“mem 14”!“ ““s ‘Wt ‘*3 ‘"09 ll2lSI€I1€‘(.l that these would prove to be 5 p€“‘mm mm“ but only mmth” name a profitable iiwcslinent rather than an : for th" [mom P"‘cm"-‘ “"1 ‘"1 in5tr”' e_\.t,.M.,,g,mt “uste, of the n,,,iOn-Si‘ mom for crushing the very competition wealth. It wa.~ soon found. however. that the corporations thus favored generally developed into powerful and dangerous monopolies. While they brought about a rapid settlement of the country. they took care to keep the country developed by them under their own control. Fnder the stimulant of immense gifts of fertile lands. a vast number of railroad enterprises were undertaken. At the same time a system of fraud and monopoly was established that has been the origin of nearly all the great fortunes that are the wonder of the". present age, and a standing menace to the Whole country. The evils of the system finally became so apparent that the policy of making free grants to railway corporations was discontinued by Congress and repudiated by all po- litical parties. For several years post no politician would risk his reputa- tion by proposing or supporting any further grants. In the meantime which was the object of making the grant. That Mr. Huntington during the three years which we have referred to used over $400,000 for which no vouchers were given or required. And last of all the Huntington letters have been published, exposing tho great rascaliiy of these corporations. without any concealment or excuse whatever. in the face of all these facts. Mr. Huntington has had the sublime as- surance to go before the Committee on Public Lands. last month, and plead for the confirmation of the Texas Pa- cific grant, and its transfer to the Southern Pacific. There are good reasons now why there is such haste in Congress to de- clare forfeitures. The Huntington letters have exposed the practice of bribery and shown itto be so open and common that the press and the people are fully aroused. It is not owing to any superior virtue in the present Congress, and yet a vast amount of many railroads had failed on their part to complete their work according to the conditions of the grant. In good will be secured by the return of millions of acres, and the interests of the people will become a noticeable many cases the grant was made on certain express conditions as to thei time of completion and the route to be; followed. with provisions for absolute ' forfeiture in case of failure. When an attempt was made to enforce the for- feiture, the case was carried to the United States Supreme (‘curt and that tribunal held that the corporation in all cases retained its full right to the land no matter what the failure might be, until Congress passed an act dc- claring the forfeiture. But Congress in all cases. your after year refused to declare anyforfciture. Millions of acres had been forfeited in the clearest manner by the terms of the grant and ought to have been returned to the public domain and thrown open for settlement by the department of the in- terior without any act of Corigress. but the absurd and poorly (:CIlSlClt‘l"I’(l the‘wa_v. and (‘0ng'ress could not act in the matter because too many of the members were retained by the corpor- ations. It was openly stated in the last Congress that no forfeiture had ever been declared. although many of- the grantees had failed to build a sin- gle mile of road. Millions of acres were locked up in grants to companies that had ceased to exist. In the present Congress the influence of the people is beginning to be felt. An attack has been made upon the no- torious Texas Pacific grant and it seems likely now that the long delayed forfeiture will be enforced. A report by the Committee on Public Lands is now in readiness. in which the history of that colossal fraud is fully set forth. The grant to the Texas Pacific was like-many others. originally in-ado" by Congrcss in the belief that it would be an application of the public luruls to a good and bcilcfici-(11 purpose. The Central Pacific thou constituted the only through rouic. nnd it had been fed and nourished on public lands and other government aid until it had grown into a monopoly beyond all public control. It had been used as an instrument of extortion by which at few individuals were enabled to treat the States on the Pacific coast as con- quered provinces. The Texas Pacific road was proposed as a competing route. Such competition. however, as all have learned since. meant merely a division of spoils from plundered States and territories. by which a few new and greedy claimants could be admit- ted to a share, but it was the only ap- proach to competition possible and millions of acres were given in aid. Soon after this the Southern Pacific was started, claiming to be a parallel and independent line. built for the pub1icgood,a.n(I asking no aid. Then came the long contest between these two lines, each pushed forward by gi- ant speculators. and each using all its powers of bribery and corruption to in- jure and destroy the other. The South- ern Pacific, under the management of Mr. Huntington. took its nloncy into Congress and used it freely as "solid reasons” to secure the forfeiture of the grant made to its rival. In 1876, 1878 and .1879, the contest was carried on with the utmost llcrceness. It has happened lately that the interior facts in all this contest have been brought out into the broadest light of day. In November 1881, circumstances had so changed that peace was made, and a contract amounting to a consoli- dation of the two interests, was en- ered into, and Mr. Huntington, cooly changed his tactics, came into Con- gress and laid claim to the entire land factor in national legislation. PLASTER—A SURRENDER. The Michigan Plaster Association, headquarterss at Grand Rapids, Frec- man Godfred, president. W. W. Torry secretary have just completed their ad- vertising for the business of 1&5-4. The association commenced in the fall by solemnly adopting a rm-solution lixi ng the price of plaster for 185-: at $1.25 on cars at Grand Iiapids. and hastened to have the fact made known to the world through the press. The inten- tion to frighten Mr. Church of the AI- abastinc company into an abandon- ment ofhis contract with the Patrons of I\[ichiga.n was so plain on the face of this move that it drew forth from the press of the state comments not always very favorable to the ‘»'sS0<:i:I- tion. \\'itl1oul:m“ad" the Patrons of the State had notice that the plaster war had been reopened. The association had concluded to try the fidelity of Pa- trons. The experiment has been tried and we thank the association for this confirmation of an opinion long enter- tained by us that the Patrons of Michi- gan had learned a few things and learned them well. And that is more than we can say of the association. As we said the association have just closed up their advertising business for this year. The proof that We saw was a postal card directed to u firm selling plaster in Vicksburg, giving notice over the signature of Secretary Torry, that the price of plaster had just been fixed by the association at $3.00 per ton free on board cars at Grand Rapids. Blundering has always been the most prominent feature in the m;inug‘c- ment of this combination. As for back as when their organizer- Lion took shape in 1.575, we remember their first exhibition of bluudering. Having got rich, they found themselves in 21 condition as they supposed to squeeze their <311s"torne1‘s—-the farmers. For this purpose they organized and put an extru\'a1-glint price on their goods. $4.00 per ton or no sale. We had it contract with u firm for plaster, at -$3.430. A little later this firm went into the combination. We showed the association this breach of contract and asked that they divide and let us have plaster at $3.75. T he proposition was rejected and to show thiir contempt for the Patrons of Michigan they refused to sell their plaster without the money was sent with the Order. IIow we got along until we got all the plaster we wanted for $2.50 per ton is-apart of the Grange history of Michiganand furnishes an important chapter in the history of- the plaster business of Grand Rapids. That his- tory shows two or three business firms with an invested capital of from fifty to a hundred thousand dollars each went into bankruptcy in the effort to break down the Grange Plaster Mill. The test of fidelity to principle and of faitlifulness to contract was applied from year to year by the association. It has never been able to see that/their own standard of honesty will not ap- ply io Patrons. And so these fellows have blundered along from year to year. They got -$3.00 a ton for what plaster they sold last year and have spent the extra half dollar they got of their customers, advertising their own folly, and the 15,000 tons of plaster got out by the Alubastine company last summer, for Patrons and others who may order, and is offered in the best possible condition on board cars at Grand Rapids for $2.30 per ton. And right here let me say if you want plaster, you cun’t order any too soon. Get it home while cars can be had to ship it and before the mud makes it u hardiob to get from the railroad to your farms. We have spent some time and money in an honest, earnest endeavor to teach the association singly and collectively that the Patrons of Michigan had some so-nse—kncw enough to run their own bu.~:iness-—C0uIr.I tell when and whet-3 there was a cat in the meal. F0 Iurlncrs who are not Patrons we >':l_V—lOUl{ these facts in the face and lmnestly admit that the Grange has nlzmfully adhered to principle, and in so doing has saved hundreds of thou- sand.-, of dollars to the farmers of Miclligan in this matter of plaster alone. 'I‘ha{1'nc Grzmgc has saved other thousands to Michigan farmers by contesting 'he validity of the pretended patents to the Slide gate. That with little troublczmd little money it drove every rascal who was collecting roy- zllty from owners of driven wells out of the *ftat€-, and morc—they stay out. Tile.-ac facts show the value of co—op- erziting together for protection. And to us they show that without such co- operation the farmers of the country are blind, wilfully blind to their own interests. Patrons, in their wise, united efforts to protect themselves. have for years been protecting their fellow farmers. No fact is more easily proved. Far- mers of Michigan: what lesson does this teach? THE NEW BADGE. “is have enquiries about the new badge, authorived by the National Grange by almost every mail. We can not answer all these by a personal let- ter. Esrly in Jan, Bro. R. H. Thom a—‘, lsccetary of the State Grange of Pennsylvania sent us a circular, and 211-0 wrote in a personal letter, saying that he had made arrangmen is for the manufacture of an appropriate em- blem for the badge, and as he has for years been engaged in furnishing all kinds of Grange goods that belong to the rrgalia department, we thought best to get of him In a second le‘ ter he said the manufacture of emblems has been delayed. but he would fill my order from the first con-aignr-' ent he received. We are expecting them « v- ery day, and shall until we see them_ The cost, _I think, will not vary much from thirty cents each. TRUE EVERY WORD ‘OF IT. If the rezulcr of the following clip- ping is u Patron anddocsn’t. take a Grunge paper, he should either sub- scribe for one at once, or else quit tak- ing any paper, and start at once on the downward road to burluirisni. If the I‘P:l(lé'l' is 21 Patron. and does take 21 pu- per, he should, with 21 mlssiomlry spirit devote 1 little time to his Bro. Patrons who do not, and whose blindness to their own interest needs to be remov- cd by permanent arguments. The merchant has his commercial jour- nal in which he finds carefully-re or- ted prices ofthe articles he sells, an he studies them closly that he may under- stand how to meet the varying condi- tions of trade. The lawyer has his journal, in which cases are reported, points 01 law and practice. The doctor has his medical journal; artisans have their special publications; so do farm- ers who keep up with the times have theirs. But Patrons of llusbarulry, farmers mainly, are quite indifferent to sources of informzltlon that might prove profitable if intelligently user]. In the past ten years upwards of flu: ty Grange papers that started out with fine prospects, as the publishers believed, have had their brief day, and gone to the sluulcs. The number embraces the gre:itcrsh:11‘c of all that have stlrte-(I since the organization of the Order that was presumed by its founders to have nice adaption to the needs of l':u‘lners. There are scores of Grzmgcs in this state in which no copy of 21 Grange pa- per ever enters. Poor bcnighted Pa- trom, plodding in a circle poorly ligl1t- ed.1,1ot beczulsc a light is not lle(,'(.l(’(l, nor even because it is not waived; the reason is, these persons do not appreci- ate the need. Tllcy would be glad to have a great deal of avssistuncc, but they do not reach out to get it. This is not a selfish complaint. if is u fil(‘t noted that the application may be made by every person who reads this parugrapli, and if he be one of the great number deprived of that which is easily obtain- ab e let him correct the fault by sub- scrbing for the Grange paper that will meet his wants—Hu.sbandma.n. .._______.___ Bro. Cobb: —Encloscd herewith please find copy of a resolution unani- mously adopted by Brady Grunge, after a short discussion of the plaster question, and believing thatlike action by sister Granges would have a ten- dency to strengthen the weak and shortsiglltcd as well as the selfish among us, and close the lips of those outside the gate. who snceringly ask how many of you ljrzmgers will stand honestlyand squarely by the arrange- ment made by the Executive commit- tee of the State Grunge, and purchase plaster from M. 13. Church, when they cam purchase from the Combination for one-half the money ‘B The resolution so far as Brady Grunge is concerned has no uncertain sound, and will be strictly adhered to and our advice is to all Patrons, go thou and do likewise. Yours fraternally, , J. M. NEASDIITII. Resolved, That we the members of Brady Grange will singly and collect- ively stand by the arrangements made by the Executive Committee of the State Grange relative to the purchase ‘_>W_,,, __ .. . ., .......__ .“.aa:auuA'.=w...-.- . .- FEBRUARY 5. 1884. of plaster from .\I.li.(‘hurch, and will use all re-nsorrulrle efforts to induce others to do the Saint‘. Fro. Cobb.'—Grungc .\'o. .';2..\', of St. Clztircounty, held a public installation of otiicers, and also gave an oyster sup- per Jun. 18th. About seventy partook of supper. After supper and 3 piece of mu- sic Bro. Locke of .i«-ddo (}l‘£tllf.It‘. in- stalled the oliicers. Then Mr. James Anderson was introdliced, and gave a short. good speech. The following resolution v. uclopicd by Ilro\'eHmnge, and order sent to the HI{.\.\‘(;l-T \'x.~1'ron for pub- licution. Rem/vecl. 'l‘l1at\vc e-\'i«-ml 29. vote of thaulks to Mrs. l‘. I’. I":u'1‘. for the use of her home for an oyster supper, and forlu-1' cheerful :lSSlSl£lllC€ on that oc- casion :md_to lira. .I:uucs Anderson for his assistance and his excellent speech. Fargo, Jan. -.'.~‘, 18>-1. Extract from the Address at Worlhy Master Luce. lllh Session Stale Grange. Im ortaut reports made to the Na- tionu Grange at its late session will be submittedto you. A careful pursual of tlwse is invitcd.a11d more especially the \'(‘I‘}' able report of the Committee on Education. Ilerc will be found thoughts and suggestions worthy of cdreful con.-'idor:it1ou. I'pon education in all that makes nwn great and good, not only the future of our Order, but the we-lfareof the public depends. If the American farm:-r fills the place as- signml to him, and xlisolmrges theduties w rich our civilization devolves upon him he must bo (~’(lllCil.lt‘(l. He must be educzited in re‘-gard to force and power of C0-()pPl‘1ilIVO c-ffort.s' in acquiring the needed education. There must be more education in the rum] home of our peo- ple to retain the men and women of lofty aspirations where their pr‘!-vserice is 1le('essary'. Lord Coleridge‘ Chief Justice of Eng- land. when about b0I'(‘t1ll‘I1 home after alwil-f visit to our shores. in speaking of the pl'L’.\'t‘llt1lll(l future of .-‘lincrica, S:l.l(l,“ You ll.'L\'(‘ .‘~'t‘('1lI‘ll._V in the ex- i(‘ll(l(‘ll imlividuul ownership of the lloluos of tho people." The tendency of the film-s in m:m_v pl;t<.‘¢-.~‘ is to large Iundcd cstatcs. .\'ot only is this true in the far west, but in sonw portions of the south aid oust. The National (lrzulgc um.-nipterl to say something in regunl to this, but it is so blindly ox- pri-:-'scd as to be llllI‘(ll_V notice.-able. These mammoth landed estates have becn the bzum of ih¢‘n with p:u‘usiti(-. (l(‘pX‘6£l:lilH1 5 of the landlord and bin-ling classes. The common people go without meat, or butter. or whilv bro-ml, or sufiicicnt clothing. The \\'()llH'll£ll't‘ worked like uninlztls in the fwld in ol'dcrtl1a.t high rents may be paid to the land monop- olizing nobility of l’russi:-1, and collec- tinglliglitaxes for tho maintainzmce of it vast army." To avert the fate here pI‘0ll'&t_VPIl,Ill('ll and worm-n ofeducution, of thought, and of business cztpucity must be induced to rernzlin in their country honu-s. They must be sur- rounded by and :lSS(IClillt‘(l with kindred spirits. ()1lI'o1'gn1)imtim1affords the gmild(-st opportunity ever offered to the fnrnu.-rs of any land to EWC0111- plish this vs-ry purpose. It furnishes tlw riremrs for avquirin,c; education, all along from the .-sclmolhouse in cl1ildlloo(I days to old age. The want of oppor- tunity so long felt has at last been sup- plied. In the keen competion which cx Si:-its between us and the cultivators of the cheaper lantfi of the boundless west, the Michigan man must be a wiser and better one than .)t' yore, or he will be beaten in the race. For the purpose of most judiciously mixing brains with our soil we must educate. To this we must resort to all the agen- cies in use; we must educate in the schools, collegcs, and in the Grange, so that the farmers can contribute their share of brain power in moving the world. Anourone tenth of the sugar con- sumed in the United States is produc- ed at home, prlncipallyin Louisiana. The other nine-tenths comes from Cuba and the adjacent islands. The duty on imported sugar has given an impetus to the IIl8Dllf8Cl.lll‘: of sugar from sorgum or Chinese sugar cane. This for centuries has been cultivated in oriental countries asa forage plant. The Americans, we believe. were the first people to produce from it molass- es and sugar. Until within a few years molasses wa- the only product; bll’. with improved machinery and ex- perience a fine grade of sugar has been produced, and in quantity suffi- cient to make the manufacture there- ofprofita ble. The past season thous- ands of acres in the west were planted with sugar cane, and all engaged therin seem to be well sati.-fled with the result, considering the unfavor- able season fora crop of this kind. No doubt the acreage will be largely increased next year,and before long all the sugar used in this country will be produced at home —E:rchange. _._.____,______.__. The human pulse has rather a wide range, but the general average has been put about as folow.-: At birth. 140; at two years, 100; at from 16 to 19 years, 80; st manhood, 75; old age, 60; There are, however, great varirtions consistent with health. Nspoleon’s pulse is said to have been only 44 in the minute. A case is also related of a healthy man of87 whose pulse was seldom over 30 during the last two yous of his life, and sometimes not over 26. Another man of 87 years of age enjoyed good health and spirits with a pulse or :19, and there is also on record the curious instance of a man whose ) ulse during health was never more than 45, and to be con istent in his inconsistenty. when he had fever his pulse fell to 40, instead of rising as is usual. ENGINEERS at Mayance have met Wllh the remains of the bridge erected over the Rhine at that point by Charle- magne near the close ofthe eiu ht cen- tury. It rested on twenty-eight butt- res: es, and was destroyed by lightning, burning down to the level of the water. The engineers have removed over fifty piles from fifteen to eigh- teen feet in length, and the timbers are well preserved, though nearly 1,100 years old. In fact, the timber-is still _fit1or use in the building. The same is true of the ll'0lIl which was riveted to the posts. THE GRAEGE VISITQB. 3 lsplit, and with the exception of apples like agll new schemes, it at first iuet op- in 8(‘0rpl’.8IlC3 of an invitation flom laud possibly some varieties of pears, Tposition and discouragements. -IL3_P9‘:1" gown)’ h_""l°l‘fl‘fi'3ll‘i5?i°l°tY- [our tree fruits are supposed to be gone‘ He racalled the names of eleven hgllfitine u';’;tt"‘se::_,1,‘(;‘l-E oagdihenatmt i. . , . 1 _ _ . x ‘ \ and Iain out in the cold without it. So “"1"” l’1““"e gem} her a‘l"reSS t” lup for the year 1884, so our strawber— members who have left the shores of dance Wm bg. ]a,g,_._ ’ ” “ ““**——“**——* send to Joseph Smith box 4,34, ‘ -‘ITS-1*=”YM‘*Y°-' _ lries will be our main dependance this,T1me. and crossed the dark River Of Lapeerls situated at the crossing , FRATERNITY GRANGE AFTERA FEAST. B,gR,,,,,¢.,, Mmosta count,-, Battle Creek.M1clug2u1- jyear, Alvjcesto day from Texas, re-lDe2ltll; among others those of sister Ofthe Chivas” and Grand Trunk. __ _ _ , —— H V J ; , ., . , . and the Bay City division ofthe Mich- : Withstornuchs well tilled from a bountiful Mlcmgan’ 3 15’''°- C'00’I*-GU“ Lake Grangr. N0. 9°" mew"-V V9” °'°‘"’ ‘° 1"‘ “ml ‘ Mal“ Rm‘ “M Bro‘ 1533‘ Tm“ FEBRUARY 15. N84. I take so many papers I thought ll, would curtail soinewli-at, so I started with GRANGE VLSITOR but it is no go Will sister Ii. L. Barker ofst. Joseph POSTAL JOTIINGS. darmpandenro igan Central railroads. The branch bond, Aw d h'_ L Min ‘NJ has just completed their new ha11,fe.ars of much damage done. Thelalid Willard Steward. who -held ollicizil society of Bay‘ City, Pontiac, Flint, Where cakes, pies and pudlings were or on 1 g' lzzxlo feet_one story, cost 3700,00 praeachwood is, perhaps, frozen enough seats in the Grange, and who are yet Jackson, a’n]d Iuatotp ‘Rapids will car. . mn8°3d- It has been so long since I contrib- l l 0_ _gm-“,_ {ti kill it; but most of the trees will 9 k”1)d1." T§memb‘-‘T9d- V _ ' ‘ E; Eoyjfiglgfo gr$,,:%::;°$,_;0§&€,o‘g ‘ Bi‘ 9“ “me” who cooked them and served uted to the columns of the Vis1ToR,l 50“-elm y[i115,,],m_ 2.,-th_1334_ ii: to : over the dead wood. 31”’ Kama”! M?’ “'1” was f(')n0“ed a ll“ 1?. of Canada h--ve signified their inten- them so well, that I hwdly know Where or how to‘ ,no -,3 wj]1makefah-treeg! withamtten I; marks by Past Master Jos uu roun um, to be p,.,Pe,,t_ The following scheme of topics Sister Julia A F—i.rnsworth of Silver score. More than our usual quantity ,‘ and \VarreIi Halsey, Master Dorr L, p _ be discussed, each subject being opbned At this feast of Fraternity Grange. l Creek Gsange, No. 644, writes that the l commence, but will wri e this rather . - ‘ hers. 3 As an Order we are proud of the good com- as a. renewal of acquaintance and a 0T3U'3Wb€"1€3. also 05891318 Mid peach I ’t°“en am} 0t -,h h ,1 , mon sense, promise to keep the Patrons better 5811188 in the report Of their 11311 8110 trees will be planted this spring." . B91133] Grangf’ numbers “bout ‘0“‘-’ W1 1_ 8 El.8,n,l:,?,l::ta,ion of Public “.- That the sisters aslaborcrs afford, posted in the future as to my work in 5 the cost of improvernenrs were not; w. A. B. 3-llundml and thlfty I11€|I1b9T5- r-lhf‘." Gmundm’-' Sl9V9113Vill9. Mich. ? meet and part week after week. and ev- Editor 0!. mp ,,Mtor__when I “hler with the kindliest and best feeling ments was $65 instead of $95 _33 l ceived our if _ul_u I héld ahead ' gem ,‘ toward one another. .\o discord has printed. l 1,, my ,,y:.,me 20,93 ,.,.,,,.W,,1 by Bro) Kim 1 ever been allowed to mar the liuymony __ E ‘ ' ' of Bengal Grange. .2 “Rural Periodic \lS and Our Duty Toward them." 3. “How to Protect Our Orchards and Gardens from sneak Thieves." 4. “Masculine and Feminine in Hor- ticulture.” ‘ In supplying our stomachs with good whole- the Order some food ' 5 ' . Since the beginning of the New , From a. well ordered bountiful board. Year the extreme cold weather has been rather unfavorable for a vigor- correctly reported in the VISITOR The hall is 16x38 and the cost of improve And we offer them thanks for the labor per- g 3 formed, ._ as--t. .- ..m..-. ..... . , ......-a..:.;» . “' _ n . And our stomachs respond to the call, Three cheers for the sisters of Fraternity Grunge Their mission extends to us all. As an Order we feel a justifiable pride, Aside from the eating we do, In the Grange and the work it has done for Hi all, We appeal Woithy Master to you To respond to this toa.st,— Fraternity Grunge, Its mission, its objects, its aims, It'i.s worthy a place on fame's brightest scroll, Worthy Master respond to its claims. ' -—.S. P. Ballard -——-——__.____.. Forest Grange, No. 362. Bro. Cobb.-—A few nuuibers back, one of your C0l‘I‘(‘Sp0l'l(l€lllS in clo lll'_{ ler letter requested that some one write of Forest (lrange, and how it grospered. Well, since I last wrote you, I liuve thought it my duty to write many times to our home papers, as well as some further away. A duty, I say,as I think sentiments expressed even if not always in popular favor, are oftentimes productive of much good In leading to a higher plane of . thought and reasoning and many men who were not popularvnly iii a noto- rious way, have been the means of ifting the world of reasoning men and voincn out of the ruts of early train- ( rig to see a subject. as many sided when lierctoforc it appears as almost; {wholly one-sided, as Paine, Voltaire 1 ud others. llvw much of religious a -rogressioii we owe to such abused i thinkers we may not know till the great '_ day shall reveal it. We are taught to look ( upon such men as relig ous monstrosi- 1 ties, and to look upon a Calvin, a Lu- : her and a host of other equally erratic s.nd.viduals as useful actors in their ;-field. so they were but no more so . than the first, hardly as much. Who 1"’ tbi-i age of relig'ous tolerance I Iuld like to beset back to feel and .ive their sentiments, not you.’ not I! lieaven don't require, nor man dc sire it. Of course they have done their , work one afiitming and the other de- iiriying and we reap the fruits, and w J we, if we do our duty now as it clocks to us to-day earnest and zealous, "fund as far advanced as we think We ‘ ‘re we will be looked upon, no doubt, 3; 3 terribly dull reasoners and plodders “by the g nerations of farme-s and ar- esizans, &c., who shall come to fill our oolaces many generations hence. ft But I am like the preacher who had , undered from his text, so I, had for- b,;0tteri what I started rut to say that ous prosecution of field work. But nevertheless have had some very fine meetings well attended and usually interesing. Installation of officers has been the order for the past month, and as these meetings have all been public, and fo lowed with an address, have usual- ly been well attended when properly advertised. Among the best of these mzetings was that of Danny Grange,’ Ionia county, held on theeve of Jinuary 10th. The hall, w vich is quite a large one and owned by the Grange, was filled to oveitiiwing, the exercises passed off nicely, the addresss was apparently well received, and the meeting in all respects was declared a success. Danby Grange was iden- tified with the early work of thc-() ‘- der in this State and although it has undergone the pruning process to some extent yet the root is strong and heal:hy, and the fruit.-buds are unin- jured. One very encouraging sentiment among the mem era of the Order gen- , erally, is an expressed determination to stand by our plaster contract. Very frequently do I hear the ex- pression that “could I get plaster for nothingI would buy it through the Grange.” Let no Patron be so un- faithful to the Order or so regardless of his own interest as to surrender what has cost so much to gain. I have one request to make which I am in hopes will be complied with as it will assist me very much in my work. It is this: Will the Secretary of each Grange in the Slate send me a postal stating when the meeiings of the Grange are held, that is on what evenings in each month thus enabling me to drop in without previous notice as I intend to visit the Granges quite extensively the present year. JOHN HOLBROUK. Lansing, Jan. 24, 1884. __.___________._____ Business. Bro. C’obb:——On Thursday, Jan. 13th, Bro, E A. Burlmgame was installed Lecturer of the Kent County Pomona Grange. It was then reported that Byron Grange, No. 19, was in debt and d scouruged. Bro. B. was an- thorized by the Grange to take action. The result was that Wednesday, Jan. 30, the county Grange met with By ron Grange, installed their oflizrcrs in public, held open county Grange with an excellent progiamme. with a house full of the best citizens. And the Po- mona gave an entertainment in the Bro. Cobb.-—A controversy hasl arisen, and the GRANGE Visrroit is chosen as “umpire. Namely, “What facts can be deduced to prove that wheat will turn to chess, or that it will not? Pi-econceived theoriea not admissible. Good sleighing. Sharp cold weather. Stock cats with a rel- lsll. Richland, Jim 20, I854. w. SOLD 0 When I sent one dollar for the Hus- bandman Mi‘. Editor, you are gotd it guessing, why. SOLD congressional district by a few disappointed men because they could not each get u post- oflice at the cross x roads. Moral- “Free salt" and nitre will not save ‘them. The ltll D The iiicrcury along the Lake Sllore, from St. Joseph to Micliigan has gone down at the coldest periods of the win- ter. from six to fourteen below “/.ero at differeiit points, and less ditlllilge to fruit buds, is more apparent tllun was observable at this time last wintei‘.Very little dziinage to peaches, blackbeiwles and clierries is apparent in fzivored lo- cations, but a short distanceinlzlnd and tlirougllout the State generally much daiinlge to tender fruits is ?l])pl‘“llPll(l- ed. The cold, has however, been in ucll more severe in the States south and west of us, and more danilige done to fruits than in the southern part of Michigan. W. A. B. To make butter conic quickly in winter, scald the milk when fresh from the cow. For several winters while setting in the old way in slizlllow pains, I tried this old way and never knew it to fail. Tliis winter I begaii to set the milk unscalded in the crezirnary, but do the best we could, it would genarally take a full hour sometimes longer to bring the butter. The colder the weathcnthe worse it would act. Fi- nally the next to our last churning of nice cream the butter wouldn't come at all; since then we have scalded the milk and put in c:l.uS as usual, and to- day the butter -—and it was good- came in 15 minutes. Don't boil milk but have it fairly scalded through. E. M Voonilnizs. No. -549 has not yet appeared in the J sttings page. We come to this place for the first time. We prize that por- tion ofthe VISITOR very much. ’We think it very interesting. As aGrange we are fewin numbers yet we think you, for I cannot afford to do without; the Vlsiron. I am always interested in its contents, and l feel as though‘ many of its contributors were personal friends and look for some of the fa-‘ miliar faces as soon as I receive it., I am and always have been a thorough Granger and though the Order is notl as successful in some places as I wish, l I think any candid person will admit that the organization has already been productive of incalculable benefits to the whole country. While it has not enriched the members in a pecuniary point, it has taught them to tlilnk, it ll:ls"bro:idencd their views" and en- larged their understanding. ’l‘lle two names I send are new sub- scribers and hope to iiicrease the inter- est in this little locality until a score or niorciialiies are added to your list. 1 have proiiiised niyself for it long tiiue,a chat with the sisters through the columns of the Visrroic, but a mul- tiplicity of cares have thus far pre- vented. ldo not despair end hope erc long to give you a chapter on Ncetlsg sown by the wayside." l.. i Mlireugo. Jan. :’.0, 1884. ' I Mr. EdI.'tor.- ---In thelast issue of the‘ VISITOR is a communication insinu- ating if nothing more, that all the members from this county used passes during the last session of the Legisla- lure. I have also been informed thata high ofllcial in the State Grange while in this county to attend a Grange meeting, asserted to some of“ the brothers that all the members used pa5”es' I ure has now a lu-altliy head and body of session on afree pass nor any otherl kind of a ticket without paying as much foritas others did who were not members. Furthermorel believe the seua‘or from this county and several mem- bers of the House were equally un- justly accused. I as we] as several others were pledged not to use passes if elected, but the charges would seem to imply that there were none of us honest enough to keep our pledges. If we have no faith in each other we are certainly in a deploi'ab'e condition. But if we always give “the devil his due,” we may find some bright spots among the manv dark one s. A MEMBER. Waterford, Oakland 00. Feb. 4=.b, 1884. In postaljotting-»,:i—<;fJan. lzlih W. E. Mus. WlLi..~.iii> .~‘rswAi. Afr. Editor Cobb:——I)ear Sir. I notice that your family is more numerous with us this year tlian corn, so if you can spend a few moments to listen I will say a few words about the Chester- lield tlraiige No.o23 of Macomb Co. I have taken the Vlsiion almost froiiiits ilifalicy and would say that it seems to be up with the times. It is the leading paper in ourfaiiiily. liut l liave seen never much of uiiythiiig about this Grange. For I notice that you have enough to llll your paper from big Grangeis, so we siiiall fry have conclu- ,ded to keep, quiet. This Grange was gborn about eight years ago with very large head and ll veiysiiizill body. Af- ter about three years the body was ta- ken sick and dwindled out of existence and for about two years there was iioth- iiig left bilt the head. The head scclned all the time tube sound and that is the main part of any iiniiiial. ()utsidei's propliecied that the liead would soon die and so did the dead body lift its voice and feebly say you uiust surely die. liut the head had the brains. so the year that the contagion was taking 3 llcads oil’ it did not go by this (lralige head, But the brains escaped and at once raised ii dollar and sent for a few copies of the (iii.-l.\'uE Vl.~'i'roit to wrap :l.I'()llIl(l it, and soon the head was well and the \'isii‘ol:s begun to fall oil’ and l'ai'inei's began to pick them up and read thrill and soon they come to see why the head did not stop breathing so the Grange took more life, .1 more 1 heallliy body was formed so the struct- l is kicking in favor of Capital punish- ment for iiiurder in this State: I would say in belinlf of this Grunge may the l GRANGE Vlslroii prosper as it was the i means of reviving us. _ l’ei'liups I have tired you by this long ’ description of our Gre. rigs and will close I by saying we are facing you as well as lour Lansing Legislators for the good of llie(.)rdei'. Yours 'l‘ruly, .5‘. GooD.l€S Of Newark ofHuytville, Mich., in speak producing cluntry. With 8 9Ul’l'l.Y Of Prolrramme 1-t—0pening l-0[)g_ ', t}‘ We illmut F9195‘ GT3-"Re. Notthat matic club, whose assistance was the 0-"deli We Sta” 0115 at the b93111‘ ing of bees, “would like to heir the timber on the Black Hills. It will also 2 Reading minutes of last meet- ‘ I, link it all examp‘e worth follow ng kindly volunteered, and resulted in a Ring Of this year full)’ determined t° experience of others in wintering, have great mineral and miningindus ll“?- j 6, .a paper I-I much more interesting crowded ban, an excellent play of do all we can to increase our numbers. swarming and we kinds of hives me,,_ The ,,bu,,d,mt umber gives to A?hm1}§gg)T.eS5 Of Welcome by B1‘°-5- P- ” 9 c 5*‘ has 3 “W3 Ofllumifll I1”*tUI‘9 in it “E-imeralda” and receipts of $37 40 T"3"l "5 We "cured the 5e'Vl°95 Of uaed.” This is a subj'—ct in which I the farmer cheap building material, 4_ R.,,ponse by Sister 0' A_ yewem ‘.33’ ‘_>‘ , ____ ,,,, ..,;..¢.¢_-_-_.-- -—uu—¢a4 A; ~ ... :. :.__':’."':__““=;.."‘ I in other words, a little gossip of Grange doings in it, that we are ac- qiainted with. It was about a year ago} wrote you, since that time we l1|.Vel1d.d no new melnb-rs and some or‘ those we had, have been sus- pended" and still it is just as prosper- ois; howis this! Take something from something and just so much remains; but it is so; as a good many Grangers can testify. We are glad to hear from those who started out from this Grange and to know that they have not grown weary in well doing. teachers. So Mr. Reformer; look out a little bit what you say.) To accomodate those who can't stand it to lose sleep, we meet on Saturday evening, and sleep Sunday morning, and let the hired girl do the chores. (Of one thing I feel when you are in the minority that rule requiring-a :3-5 majority is a bad law so at our next meeting we propose to vote to clinnge that law to read a. ma- jority. Well at our last meeting Bro. Cook of Cfiippewa Grange, our repre- sentative to State Grange with his wife l I which was put in the treasury of the Byron Grange at not one cent expense to them; the county Grange members furnishing their own refreshments and paying for their own horse feed. Brother Burlingame proposes to follow this work up until every weak Grange in our county shall receive not only a visit from the county Grange at no expense, but also to render them sub- stantial aid, and tothat end he now has several Grange-s rehearsing plays forth : purpose ofgiving a series of ben- ads to such Granges. His idea is that and not dreaded. ANCHOR. _._____________.___ Girard Grange, No. 136. Editor Grange Visitor.-——Tliinking it might interest some of the readers of the VISITOR, to know how Glrard Grange, No,136, is prospering. I will give you a brief sketch of our in-tall-a- tion: I have the pleasure of reporting to you that it now wears the aspect of coming prosperity. Our members have gone to work with the determina- Bro Seaman Past Lecturer of Lapeer County Pomona Gran e to deliver 9. lecture in the vicinity of our Grange a short timt ago. We had a full house and we believe it will result in much good to our Order. WM A MONTGOMERY. Mariette, Jan. 23 1884. I wish “Beformer" would let “Aunt Hattie" alone, for she is one of the best women in tbs country. She is a granger through and through. true and noble, in soul and heart. She has seen the “veil lifted that covers the slums and gamb- fiueinent shows how well her counsel has been heeded. Bro. Luce will bear me witness when I say that Aunt Hatfie's home was among the best he found in Clinton Countv. Her son, though young, is Master of the Pomona Grange, an honor he wears with dignity and manil- ness. And her two daug‘iters-—amiable affectionate and lovely——perfect models of grace and gentleness, accomplished in music and the arts, are an ornament to any society. “Aunt Hattie" despises the low, beastly practices that allure the am much intcr;-sted and have long wished thatavery little space of the VISITOR might be devoted to the apiary. I would say to W. E. Newark that I have kept bees four winters without the loss of a swarm. I use a hive with movable frames and double walls; and for wintering I set the hive into a drygoods box, six inches every way larger than the hive, having pre- viously madeholes in the box to match the entrances in the hive with a board fastened above the holes on inside of the box, to prevent the chaff‘ from chaff, put on a cover that will not let the water in and if the bees have honey enough they winter nicely. I have one box holding three hives for which I paid 75 cents. Do not allow mine to swarm; but divide each colony once during the month of June. I sold 800 lbs comb honey from the top boxes of 14 colonies last season. at an average price of 15 cents per lb. S": I also think it pays to keep 9. few swarms of bees. MRS. MARY HUN'i'i-lit. lwhic'i gives an advantage over the settlers of eastern Dakota whose habi- tations are of sod, and fuel of twisted straw. Wheat has reached 40 bushels to the acre, oats 6.3 and 70, com is not raised to any extent on account of early frosts. Potatoes yield more abundant- ly here than on our Michigan land. Apples can be raised here and .t is thought that most fruits will do well. ‘ Fortunately the farming land of the Black Hills and vicinity has not as and timber culture acts. The great Sioux reservation which lies between us and the Missouri river, and which is a great detriment to the people of the Blxck Hills, will soon open up and then two or more iall roads, will connect the Hills with the railroad system of the Missouri Val- ley, giving cheap transportation and other advantages. Taking everything into considera- ation, I think this country has more natural advantages for settlers than stay, but those that are coming west 5. Song. 6 How shall the American farmers be awakened to the best opportunitlm and pnflfilbillllps that lie within his reach, M. V. B. McAlphine, Monte- re . I. What is the best means of sup pressingintemperance, Henry Shultcs Martin. 8 How to make poultry pay. J. G. Stegeman. Alleg.-n. buggeslions for the good of over- worked housekeepers, Lucy Spears. Allegan. J. C._ LEGGETT, Sec. Watson. The 35th. quarterly meeting of the D & B ,_ We formerly met on Tuesday, then the county Granges should notimpose pug den. of am, where pm-e.minded getting into entrances of hive, thus yet been acquired by landspeculators. _ _ U_ Council of p_ A_ . soaecomodate school teachers we met burdens upon those they visit but young men are dragged down to min," permitting bees to go out and in. Tnen Settlers are fast taking recession of will he held at Oxford. Mich., March on Friday(aswe a.reaGrange of school lnneflts that they may be welcomed and be, rising family of culture and 1-9. I fill up box all around hive with land under the homestead preemtion 513- 1334 "1 the WW 111"” Of the (Jhristain church, at 10 A. M. the pro- gramme is as follows: - Opening Exercises. Raiding Minu es. A ppninlment of Committees. B'lls and Accounts. New Business. Music , At 12 M. adjourned for dlniter. AFTERNOON SESSION. Music‘ Address of VVr~lcome, lvy M. L F.nk. Response by H Andrews, Member of I he Council of Oxford. Music. R-ports of Committees. Predenlials. and sister. Bro. White and Sister Sears, I tion to make our Grangeian educator young to ruin, and her teaching and ex- Vicksburg, Mich., Jan. 21, 1884. any 1 know of. Those who have Fimmce, 5 representative workers in the Grange‘ ; and asuccess and we expect to reap gmple have ever been against it. No, 1 -— homes in Michigan I Wculd advise 10 E“"_3“UVe- 5 paid it Visit to our Grange and the 2 our reward in the future. We are rc- 13,0,s-39:0.-mm,’-P1933919; s-Aunt Hag. 1370- C'0bb*~I 888 Y0Ul‘Pt1g9 Of P06ti1l M“‘“°' word-picture he gave us of the State l ceiving applications for membership. tie” alone, she is doing a noble work. jottings is not yet full, so perhaps I cannot find a better place than west of Reading of the B. C. Quarterly. by assisted by Mrs, Mrs. C. H. Stevens, , Grange and its doings made us feel as Hon. G. W. VanAi_ken installed our Conrmun HILL. Shall be able to find mom f0’ 3 few theCheyenne river. F, Odell. ' though this world could never be any-_l Officers f0l‘ the 81130193 Y9‘rl1‘- And it . “—' 111165’ . _ Yours, for the good Ofagriculture, ‘ “Farming for Profit,” by J. P. thing but dreary after the loss wesus- i being leap year the gflltlemen reversed The l0"0W1D8 9Xtl'80t from 8 letter On the evening J auuary _2otll., Ben- ARNO HALL. C000- tained by not attending, but we feel ‘ the order of such occasions and took so every year when tliev are makinglwhole charge of the feast after the pilgrims of us to State Grange. Well , installation. by arranging anti Waiting he installed our oflicers and then the , on the tables in the most 1'*‘P1‘0V€d visiting sisters talked to us. First time style, Smith, Wagner. and Eldred Iever knew sister Grangers could talk Were experts at dl5l1'W3Sl1l"B‘- It 13 in IIl8etlll2‘S. I know our sisters can’t doubtful if a. committee of ladies could for as lecturer I tried two whole years excel those gentlemen. All enjoyed a to draw them out, but it can’t be done._l Butlsee the waste paper basket filling. up with my M S. So I close asking you to accept 50 cents and let me accept your paper. pleasant evening interspersed with music and song. Mus. G. H. VVAGNEB, Girard, Branch county, Mich., J anu- ary Both. written Jan. 20 by G. L. Brunton, a large fruit grower at Cantralla. Ill., indicates the damags done to the ex- tensive fruit growing interests of southern Illinois, by the recent cold weather. "We have have had some very cold weather since the new year commenced. Mercury run 28 below z-rojJ lnuaryfirst; and has been a lit- ila below many times since. The dam- age to the peach, cherry and pear wood and to blackberry canes, is very seri ous. Same apple trees are reported gal Grange. No. 22:3, celebrated the 10th. anniversary of its organization. After instructing eleven candidates He who sedu ously attends, point edly ggka, calmly speaks, coolly an- _ _ swers; and ceases vlhen_he has no in the fourth degree, and doing full more many, is in DOBSFSSIOIJ of some justice to the ample feast provided by of the best requisites 0‘ 111811--[L‘«W3 the ladies in the lower hall, the mem— W’- bers again assembled, and listened at- tentively to some interesting remarks by Courtland Hill, who was a charter member of Bengal Grange. Bro. Hill reviewed the ten years history of the Grange, which have on the whole been ten years of prosperity; though M ly. The winter meeting of the Michigan Horticultural society will MDVPDB in the cheap cnllft room at L-ipeer on the evening of February 26 and Will con- tinue in session that day and on the eve- ning of the 27-.h. This meetng is held Farmer’:-i Institutes, their Benefits to a Community ——DlSCUFRl0D opened by Joshua. Van Housan, R ‘cheater. A Recitation by Mrs J G Noble. entitled “Patient Mercy Jones.” Ad lress by L A. Pearsall. Music. - (}n.~d of the Order”—Messrs. Mor- ton, Odell, Bartlett. Payne, Axford and W. J Nail), and sisters Bsrwise, Cole of Orion, Hnook and Hains. All members in good standing are cordially invited to attend. JEROME NOBLE, eo’y HIBAM ANDREWS, Master. "When. Where and How _to«, Horticulture ’ “Glowing and (‘are of Orcli'-‘V ll-v. J.ines Venning, John . , w. K. Gib-‘ A. S. P:Il'll'l(lg0 Of‘ E I4‘. Guild of Eastlsagiiiaw, W W, ‘ ' prefer to go to the hotels, ‘ ‘l in which case less rates will be given notify Secretary UflIfix:l(l at Grand R ipids at. . - President" ’ he a special meeting of ,‘ ‘F Grange Hall, No. 171 on . T. Thursday, Feb. :31. at it) o'clock A. M.'. . . ft 4 éiirliiilliiil §jl|ijllylll- Varieties of Fruits Adapted to Chleago Market. We copy the following paper by Thomas Mason, from the report of the meeting of the Michigan State Ilorti- cultural Society. which was held at Benton Harbor, in June 1881. Bro. Mason has had three seasons more to study the requirements of the Chicago market since his paper was written; and as he has recently expressed his willingness to answer all questions which are pertinent to his business; we would respectfully request Bro. Mason to Write brief replys for the Horticul- tural Department of the VISITOR to the following questions, the answer to ap- ply to Michigan grown fruits, as ad- apted to the Chicago markets, each kind named in the order of its merits. Which are the best four varieties of summer apples? Which the best five varieties of fall apples? and which the five varieties of winter apples? Does the market lack good varieties of late autumn, and early winter apples? Has any new variety of apples been intro- duced within the past six years, which is worthy of propogation ‘3 Which are the best and most salable of the Rus- sett apples? Which is the best early pear? Are the Alexander and Ains- den peaches desirable for the Cliic-ago market? Has any strawberry been in- troduced which can compete with the Wilson. W'hicli are now the best two varieties of red and also of black rasp- berries? Which are the best thrcc va- rieties of blackberries‘: What is the relative value of’ black, red and white grapes? Is the taste of the public be- coming “ediicated" in a suflicient de- gree to warrant the cultivation on 21 large scale of choice and costly varie- ties of fruits 1’ Will some fruit grower or dealer. please answer the above questions, as applicable to the Detroit or other mar- kets of this state. w. A. it. TIIOMAS M.xsox'.'~ PAl’l:‘.lI. in accepting your invitation. it is with 3-(,‘0ll_V'|Ctl0ll of my ina-iuity to do the subject assigned ine justice; but nevertlielcss I_ feel it my duty, as a member of this society, to contribute my mite to its general experience fund, as derivenlfroni personar 0llSi>'1‘v;1tio1i with the diff» refit varieties of fruit-< in their adaptability to the requireineiits of our Chicago or more distant markets. Therefore,‘ I trust in_v p0lllOlUgl(:Et' friends will not feel dismayed that l do, not regard their preference with the same ta_voi'—m_v selection being governed chieflv by their coinniercial value. I do not propose to go thi'oiigli the list of vaiieties, giving their dis- tinct qualities _oi'_ season, but rather name a few varieties as Cl‘.a1‘:lCtel'iStiC of the wants of our market, thereby aiding you to decide what we shall "plant for profit.‘ The chief requisites in all fruits for nia_i'ket purposes are firmness, color, quality and size,_ in the order named. Let me open with the apple. A bright red is the most popu- lar color; hence, Steels Red, Wine sap. Willow Twig. Jonathan, Baldwin, even the Ben Davis, is preferred to a better apple of a poor, (hill, or rusty color. Take the Baldwin, when it is of a bright color, it will sell at fifty per cent better price on the same date when it is shown of a dull color. There are many points to be considered in rela- tion to the profitablenesss of certian ‘varieties, even when the best quality in their best color are presented on the market», which our Micliigan fruit- growers should consider. Take the Red Astrachan, for instance, with its beautiful high color. its superb flavor. that certainly should, according to my showing (as to color at least,) prove a profitable marketable variety; but such is seldom the case with us for the reason that our market, in its season, is so well supplied with other varieties of fruit, also with a full supply of apples from southern Ill-nois,that are better shippers; consequently the lied Astra- cliaii has to be sold low on its arrival, when received in large quantities, as we dare not hold, its fine texture. tend- ing to rapid decay. llichigan may boast of its ability to raise and market apples ofthe best varieties and in the greatest perfection as to flavor and keeping qual ties of any State in the i'nion. Tlicrezore. our aim should be ‘toplaiit the bestslilppers. astlie time is not far distant when the exporters of gtpples will look to nortliern Micliigaii as their chief source of supply. Among the varieties I would name as suitable for planting are the Bald- win, St-eele's lied, Willow T\vig,..~‘p_it- zenburgh, \i'3igiiei', .\ewtown Pippin, Joiiatliaii. Z\ ext in order would be the I’-ennock, Greeiiing,$py. King and Bell. f_‘ln.pp’s Favorite, Flemish Beauty. Seckel, Louise Bonne deJersey, and lluchesse D’Aiigouleme are among the most saleable on the long list of pears. The Black Tartari-an is the most saleable of all sweet cherries, with the Early Purple Giiigiie, Gov._\\"ood, and Sapoleon Big-irreaii following closely, with Early Richinond and May Duke the leading sour or cooking cher- rie". lb’lums—-the Lombard, \Vasliiiigt'ni, and Green Gage for dessert, with Wild Goose for cooking. ln peaches, the yellow flesh varieties Live the pi‘efei'ence over the white, such as the Crawfords, Jacques Rare- ripe, and Smock Free, with a notable e_\;ceptl011 in favor of the Old Mixon, of our best shippers. In grapes the Concord and the Dela- ware are the market grapes par ex- i:-ellence. ln currants lead. _ _ ln red raspberries. the Brandywiiie the best at this date for late, with a new berry, Reader _s seedling, for early. Next comes the Kirtland or Highland liardv, with the Herstine and Turner, though the latte-i'_pi‘oves not of suffi- cient firmness for reshipmeiit. In black, Doolittle, l\I_iam_i, and Mammoth Cluster, the Miami being the best of all black caps. The strawberry being produced in the largest quantity of all our market berries, I feel it proper to occupy more time on this fruit. Therefore, I p."OpOS€‘ to give you a list of varieties the cherry takes the that have come under my observation. and pronounce on their merits solely in their relation as shippers to the Chicago market. I shall name them in their alphabetical order: :_ .. ' 7- - E —— - ix’ ‘( > -- . E, c V . =_. I .' .i '. 3. : ’.. ‘K r. ~¢ .: ‘. . . _z I 3 V 2 l l l- : S I l . . . - .- , , . l _ _:_.__._.:_.j.: 2- 5 3 '3 E '3 .‘ t: E‘ I 9-» :. ~ :: -' 5 :: : ll 2 'E'E' E 2 £55‘ = . ' LL. 8 : =: 5:: ; l 5 ll! ‘ll ’ I I E 5 iii :55- I I Ill lit. 5?’-‘=E§‘E:"‘: ;’°’ §"s";°‘ oafigc;-,;-§' - Gm: ‘*.a'-Pvi. ‘. Fir 1'.- liglilli ll: iii 9 ii.-,‘ I ,,i ,i-— i5, -4 ll ,i,,i ,i i,, : ''iIiiii iii '|l ." Illlllli |lI Ill Illlllll Ill Ill |I|l|lll III III |lIIl|II III III C1‘-'I.Z7!r-327. 5:‘ $22 Gc':€:'::‘:'= 5'23 .:‘_-,5 i'_i.Ei?.°?.?. 23-. -1: 2 -~.. : :°“':: ". =5-:v=;<.‘-.‘ ~. : -3: iz=,:=, 75.. gas ._ ""-19""!-I a‘€:-=- 2": 1- E’«‘:r...rr --1:; -3’: =5 ,:.3,rs:¢»2 5|’ 55.4! K -.I" —-< fifi -." .g-. _,.= . g s _9. E E -' ‘J :. I5 '2: .' The last two named on the list should be placed first as to order of merit when viewed as market berries, for the following reasoiis; First, the ’l‘i'iumpli de Gand is the best of all the large varieties in combining all the rebiiisites of a good sl1ippiiigberr_v— size, color, and firinncss. Last but not least, the Wilson's Albany. our old rc- liable. yvell-tried frieiid, with its color and shape you are all fainiliar. In their eagei'in-ss to experinient with new varieties, I fear many that are growing the Wilson for iiizirkct are giving it but shabby treatincnt, not giving it a faii‘cl1aiir*e to show its good qualities. They do not give it as good a piece of land as they find for their own patch, ncitlici‘ do thcy give it as crrcful cultivation. Let me ask aboiii the oiieorc two dozen plants that you have received by mail at a cost of $3 or $7», or that some kindly disposed neigli- bor has obliged you with as a great favor. Do you take those plants and place flit-in iii the same field with your Wilsoiis? Oh, no. Y()l1}lI.IC€ them in your gai'de,ii in the best prepared soil, and probably apply an extra dose of some fci'tili'/.er for yourfavorcd plants. So they are planted, hoed and watered, being funded with care. It is to be won- dered that your pets should reward you with a fine show of berries that throw your neglected Wilsoiis in the sliailc? You feel you have “struck oil." so to speak, and pl wv out the Wil- son and plant your field with youriicw pet and ship to inarkct. With it you write your coinniission man that you send him a. choice bei'r_v—-a new varie- t_v——and that you expect a good price for it. l\'ow, all successful cominission men are good judges of human nature. think really more how they can hold your sliipmentstlian they do ofabstract theories. and endeavor to answer niore with the view to please you than to give their honest conviction. The re- sult is that you plant more of what really proves tobe, with field culture, an inferior market berry. I say next: to the Triumph De Gand the Wilson has no rival worthy the name up to this date, having all the requisites for a good market and shipping berry. It is the most salable strawbe.tr_v known. Its shipping qiiaiities for distant markets, its firmness, its color, its agreeable acid making it one of the dest for preserving or canning purpos- es, and by selecting a rich, moist soil good cultivation, renewing your plan- tation every two or three years, you have in the Wilson have all the requisites of a profitable market strawberry. A word of caution to the planter of new varieties for market- purposcs : You are apt to be misled in many ways, the source of which may not have been intentional, but never- theless affccts your judgment.. For instance you have received 50c or $1.00 more for your fancy case above the inarket price of Wilsoifs: hence you hastily conclude had our crop all been of your dreseiit pet variety you would have realized so many dollars extra. Just there is where you err. I doubt if there has been any of the large- sized, old time “new vai‘iet.ies.” that did not rcalize more to the shipper a better price for a. few trial cases, above that paid for the general mar- ket berry of the day. Let ask what has become of them':' Why so many left us far behind in the race that their names even are lost to iiiein- ory? And tliose that have appeared of more recent. date, why have they lost the exalted position thev once held in our estimation? Will these not surely follow in the wake of]tlieir predecessors if they do not prove to have the requisite merits already po- sessed by the Wilson? Allow me here to give an example. Let us take the Sliarpless—one of the latest acquisi- tions——a berry that possesses apparent- ly all the requisites of a successful c.an- didate for popular favor. It is large size, beautiful glossy red color, fair fla- or and moderate firmness gives i: promise of success. Presuiniiig some at least of‘ my hearers are gi owing, and will ship of this variety, you will with- out doubt get a much better price for the few cases you will ship this sea- son, and why will you not continue to do so? Among many I will give this reason: There is a class of people in all our large cities with whonithe price of an article is of secondary considera- tion to the gratification of their tastes and pleasure. That class will take of these things at an advanced price. You receive the benefit of such from your commission man, you judge from those returns that this is the coming berry, and plant all possible, and so does your neighbor, and by the time the field crop comes in market, having had a touch of the \Vilson inan- agement, and you realize from their sales, you find you do not get as much net proceeds per acre as does your neighbor that shipped select Wilsons. You ask why? Let me say the sharp- less is not for the million, but_for the millionaires. They being few in num- ber comparatively, the berry for the million holds its sway, is sold with the first morning sales, and shipped to dis- tant points at highest market rates, while your pet sharpless, Monarch, Boyden, Downing, J uciinda, etc_., etc., are left to the chance sale, fora few of THE GRANGE VISITOR. the best selections at a trifle above the Wilson. while the great bulk of them have to be forced off at lower rates to doubting buyers, and in a short time are neglected so that our poorest class of street peddlers will scarcely take them off the market even at a great reduction in price below the Wilson. You repeat “Why 2”‘ I can answer. The chief cause of their disfavor lies either in their poor. light color or their want of firmness: often both combined. You may say it is a matter of preju- dice which can be overcome. How has it proved with the long host of pets of the past? Call it prejudice or any oth- er name. they have all lost the proud position their originators fondly hoped for them. Gentlemen. facts are stub- born things. The merchant cannot af- ford to take home the pale. sickly half- ripe looking Downingand those of like color, or the Monarch O1‘ lloyden with its green tip, to lose :30 cents or $1 per bushel for the sake of educating the public taste. No, they prefer to take home a well ripened W ilson. that every- one likes and apprrciates. which they can sell at =1 profit and not prove a to tal loss should they have to carry any over to the next day, when they know by exeprience they can nrt do with any other variety. Should the Shrrpless. one of the best of the newer claimaints for public favor, both in color, size and flavor, prove capable of superseding either the Triumph De Gand or the Wil- son as a successful market berry. Ishall be greatly surprised, for I do not at this date know of a berry capable of de- throning either the Wilsoifs Albany or Triumph I )eGand from the proud po- sition they 'iiave maintained so many years. The Grasses——Something About the Plant. Let us begin at the root of the mat- ter. It may not prove to be the very lightests or reading, but on that ac- count the reader is urged not to give it up. Many farmers have too long been contented to skim over the surface of things lt is time they learned more of thegrowth ofplants and animals, of nitrogen and phosphoric acid and pot- ash. They should be students as well as laborers with the hand. Although popularly considered, if is by no means the case that all parts of plants which grow beneath the sur face of the ground are roots. There are many stems of grasses beneath thi- sur.ace and manv room above. The tender growing tip of a rott is protect- ed as it pushes along thorough ihesoil bya kind of stout, thick epidermis called the "root cap.” Grasses have no tap root, at least after a very few weeks of their growth. The roots are fibrous. and well supplied during the growing season with immense num bers of root hairs or trichones, which vastly increase their surface. These hairs aie prolong-.tions of some of the ouier cells, and come in very close con'act ith the-particles ofeoil. Their number depends much on the nature of the medium in which they are grown. In moist, orous soil they are abundant during the growing season. They are very short lived, often last- ing buta. few days, when new hairs from new rootlets take their places. The hairs look somewhat like mould ora mass of spiders’ webs. and can be easily seen where Indian corn or wheat is sprouted between folds of da-op cloth or paper. They are the chiefagents for absorb- ing water and gases from the soil. They not only take up substances held in solution, but through their acid act on solid substance and slowly render them soluble. They also ob- tain nitrogen in the form of nitrates which are formed in the soil through the action of Bacteria, minute fungi. The upper, older portions of the roots merely serve as conductors for the transmission of matter to the leaves of the plant. Ayoung wheat plant, or that of any other grass, carefully lifted from the soil, holds many fine particles which adhere to the root- hairs. Roots grow freely from the joints of underground stems and then from stems above ground, espe- cially where kept moist. Darwin has found out that young roots have a feeble power of moving from side to side, or of swinging around, which enables them to find and penetrate the places of least resist- ance in the soil. The portion sensi- tive to contact is a very short dis- tance, perhaps one sixteenth of an inch, back of the root tip. This acts somewliatlike a brain in one of the low er animals. It has nothing like 3. sense of smell by which it can scent water or good soil in the distance. Al- though they are so small, it is esti- mated thatin most farm crops, while grow:ng. the aggregate surface of the roots is equal to th .t of the stems and leaves above ground. The root hairs, riearlv or quite all, perish when the plant is at rest or ceases to grow. The soil has much to do with the length and numbers of route. In light, dry soil I have found the roots of June grass to extend over four feet below the surface; in damp loam in a wetseason, ab his two feet. The fa mous buflhlo grass is often mentioned as having very sh -rt room, but one of my students found, in Kansas, that they went down seven fret. The roots grow best where the soil is best. The roots of grasses in general extend much farther below the surface of the soil than is generally supposed, often within a few inches of as far as the roots of red clover, which run down from two to six feet or more, accord- ing to the soil, season and climate. The stems, or culms, of grasses are usually h0li0W when mature, though solid when young, orin many of the root-stocks, or in mature st~ms of sor- ghum, Indian corn and sugar cane, they have solid or knotted joints or nodes. The culms of most grasses branch freely near the ground, as in wheat. This is called tillering” or “stooling.” If meadow grass, wheat, oats or corn blow over or lodge, the tops often par- tially etraighten up again. This is produced by a growth on the lower side of the joints, which curves the stem upward like the tip of a sled- runner.—Prof. W- J. Beat. On July 1 there were 11,750,000 cat- tle in France, and 5,962in great Brit- ian; there were 2,7-50,000 pigs in Farnce, and 23,509.09 sheep in France, and 26,000,000 in England. In the Grange there is no hostility whatever toany legieimafe industry or interest. Its purpose is rather to promote general prosperity _tbough greater thrift consequent upon increas- ed intelligence. Common and Thorough-bred cattle. Under the head of plain facts for practical farmers—Home resources of improvement, the New York Tribune gives a vaTuable article written by J. S. Woodward. It has suggested the following: “Farmers do not get the profit they should from common cat- tle; neither in butter or beef. The cause is obvious. The hap-hazard way of letting cattle “shirk for them- selves” in all seasons; that straw was good enough feed for the firsttwo win- ters at least: that the leaslde of a straw stack, burn or fence, was good enough shelter in the coldest winter weather; and no effort to improve by breeding. Under such treatment the weak are starved or frozen to death, the hardy alone live. It was really a“survival of the fittest.” Practical experience has demonstrated the fact, that“an animal is simply a living machine, requiring a certain amount of food “to supply the wear and tear and keep up the heat of the system; that all food above this want is con- verted into milk, butter, cheese or beef; and that “the most profit is made on that animal which will eat the largest quzntity of food, and give the most of any or all of these prod- ucts in return; and the most profita- ble method of feeding is that which shall induce the animal to eat and di- gest the largest amount of the richest food in the shortest time, and return therefor the most of these desirable products. Ifa. steer be so fed, as to at- tain the weight of 1400 pounds in three years, much would be gained. But if the same steer be so fed as to attain the weight of 1.400 pounds in two years, thus saving half the time and food, much more would be gained. If a heifer be put in milk at two years ofage, and is generous-ly and properly fed, she will make the best producing and by far the most profit- able cow. This will give the farmer a race of cattle, whose heifers become cows yielding an increase of milk and butter over the present average, and “when too old to be longer pmfitable in the dairy, they will make a reason- able amount of fair beef; and the steers being well fed on rich food, can at two years, he pushed from 800 to 1,200 pounds of valuable beef. Now, the question is, can this desirable re- sult be best accomplished by sacrific- ing the present stock, and resorting to the thorcughbreds; Or shall far- mers retain the present stock, asa foundation, and by use of thorough- bred bulls and judicious selection, build up just such a breed as is’ de- sired? Now, there has been too much stress laid on specialties; too much of a one-idea system which has resulted in just one product, excellent of its kind, but obtained at the sacrifice of everything else, and we usually find that as much has been lost as gained. And the establishment of the thor- ough breeds of cattle has been no ex- ception to this rule. Only one thing has been kept in view, and to accom- plish this every other excellence has been neglected and sacrificed; and. as said, about as much lost as gained. “Thus the Shorthorn has been made 9. king of beef producers, and a model ofbeauty, but has lost in so doing, milk, butter, and cheese production, hardness and fecundity; some fami- lies are almost barren.” “Thel-Ilolstein, while being devel- oped into the deepest milkers in exis- tence, has lost quantity, quality and color of butter, and when turned into beefmakes apoor, blue carcass, scarce- ly second quality.” The Jersey has been made the queen of butter pro- ducers, at the expense of quantity in milk, size and quality of carcass; un- til she is only 8. pocket edition, good for little else than city use and worth- less for beef production. Now this forcing in some special direction is all abnormal, contrary to nature, and is done at the expense of constitu- tional vigor, until we have as in the Jerseys a dainty, fawn-like breed, too delicate"for the winds of March to visit too roughly,” and prone to “die young.” “The great fame of any of these breeds has been gained by the produc- tions of a few families of the breed, and ofa less number of animals in that family.” One or two cows in a few families of Jerseys have been crowded to what is termed a. wi)nder- ful butter yield. But in the same breed there are more Jerseys making less than ten pounds of butter weekly than over that, and a. hundred times as many that are making less than three than there are making over fif- teen pounds. It is the same with the milk productions of the Holsteins. You will find more milking less than thirty quarts, than over fifty, and scores giving less than twenty where one gives over seventy. You can count the famous animals of any breed on the fingers, and even these have had every advantage that care and the best of feed could give. But the fame of one is heralded all over the land. while we never hear of the thousands and thousands of the same breed, no better, if as good as an equal number of native stock. When you hear of $20,000 animals and their re- markable productions, don’t rush wildly into the breed whatever it may be, thinking that you too can make a fortune by buying any one of these animals at a fabulous price. Rich food, good care, a free use of printer’s ink, and a. very economical use of truth bring about these remarkable reputations. We need a cow not for milk, cheese, butter or beef alone. Not for one of these good qualities, but acow com- bining all ofthese excellencies. And, suppose, first, we use a Holstein to secure quantity of milk and cheese- making qualities; then Jersey to se- cure color and richness in butter quali- ties, and early fecundity; and then the Shorthorn would surely add all we want in form, s’7.e and color of animal, adaptation to beef produc- tion, and quality of meat when slaughtered. In this way, by selec- tion and the proper choice of males, we could secure an improvement in our common stock that would double the present average production of butter, cheese and meat. Of course this is a work that would require some time and patience, good judg- ment and proper selection; but it is a work greatly needed to be done, and there is fame and large profit to the enterprising man who shall success- fullyaccomplish it. v. n. Bea Culture. Read before the Farmers Institute at lzsaopolis itlichigan. January . 17 i884. Perhaps there is no branch of agri- culture about which there has been en- tertained so much superstition, as con- cerning apiculture. The days ofignorance and false no- tions concerning bee-keeping more es- pecially its results are by no means past. Much that is written in agricul- cultural papers and I may add, some of our apiculturaljournals is ofa frothy inflation nature, with a hidden or par- ially hidden object behind. VVhen I began the business as a specialist fif teen years ago I was told by many friends and neighbors that I certainly could not succeed in making a living from the results of “bees”. “The bee business.’-’ “The bug business.” Nu. merous were the instances of failure of “my father down in Ohio.” “Uncle Levi in New York state.” “A cousin of mine back in Pennsylvania, etc etc. offered to encourage me on my lonely way for at the time I was the only specialist in Michigan and there were hardly enough of us in the Upited States to make a quorum. Since that time many have demonstrated that with natural tact, and a. knowledge of the theory and practice of the pursuit honey producing can be made a busi- ness, capable of supporting him who embarks in it. The or ly persons how- ever who contend that the business, is one of very little labor, and great profit small capital sure returns, well adapted to invalids, poor and needy, widow women in fact most anybody out of ajob are thoes who never had are not now and never expect to make any of this easy money themselves. They tell us that “bees work for nothing and board themselves.” We have also heard that "farming is the best of all 8VOC8ti0l]S.” Crops grew nights and Sunday when tne farmer is asleep. That “all one needs to do is to get some ground, run a plow through it drop in the kernels of corn when they sprout, tickle said sprout a little with a. hoe, and go out in Au- tumn when the golden sun in shining and gather in the rich golden ears. Both stories have some truth in them. You know how much. In some way or other they expect to reap a reward by putting others upon the royal road to wealth. Now let us reason together. If this class of writers, the class who, in the main, devote their apicultural brilliancy to agricultural papers, that are read by those who know less about spicul- tiire and more about something else, than those who take apicultural papers were as strong in the faith, as they often lead others to be, would it not be quite natural for-them to write less and produce more? Apiculture, like your own business, has its double file of middle men on each side of its high- way, that all beginners may more or less contribute to their interest, while running their gauntlet. No class of persons know better than yourselves, that conditions have been so fixed that the producer must earn all he gets. That nearly every new invention, by means of which pain and cost of pro- duction are lessened, redounds in‘the most part, to the interest of the con- sumer by lessening the price of the ar- ticle produced. I will call your atten- tion to one such instance in my own business. A Yankev devised a method of separating the syrup from the gran- ulated sugar by centrifugal force. A Prussian Apiarist applied the princi- ple to honey in the comb. which result- ed in producing double the amount of surplus, with the same capital and labor. The product when properly handled, was found to be excellent, and for one or two years brought in market nearly or quite as much as honey in the comb. This condition of affairs soon ended. the price in lat- ter years being steady at just one-half of that of comb honey in the general markets. Allow me to go back long enough to tell you that those friends who ad- vized me to keep out of the “bug busi- ' 2 t‘.-,.~.-:;_,..—......--..§m«. .. -- FEBRUARY 1, 1884. ness” saying it could not be made: business, made one other equally sad mistake at the same time. They said: ‘'0! you can keep a few colonies in your yard for your own use with plea- sure and profit.” Now, (I i you not know from the experience of the past, that less pleasure and profit have been derived from the "few colonies ofbees'1 kept on the farm, than from any other branch of mixed husbandry, when taken in all, one year with another? I think I know this lea fact, as a rule. Before the advent of modern im- provements, there was more reason for the “few colonies for our own use than at present, because honey produc- ing as aspecialty, was well nigh im- possible, while under the present re- gime——scarcely any business under the sun is better adapted to, or more nec essarily confined to speciafity, when looked at in a dollar and cent point of view. A large part of the necceseary capital and labor must be of, and de- voted to, mechanicmand in all this one has specialty done so much for us, that we are tempted to ask the country-stoiekeeper, where he stole those articles on the 5, 10 and 25 cent counters. Regarding apiculture as a specialty, what are the prospects for him who would embark? 1 do not see how they can be bad. Let us take a look at the two influencing factors outside of the ability cf the operator, namely: supply and demand. The price of all produce fluctuates or ebbs and flows, like the tide of the ocean, sometimes above and sometimes below cost of production. The product honey can not escape this law. My own opinion is thatjust in the near future we will experience a reaction from a few years excellent prices, recently passed through, but the immutable law of action and re- action so well known to you all, wli keep it hovering about the cost-of-pro- ductlon point, the same as does all other products. Now regarding supply, I doubt if one-twentieth part ( possibly it would be correct -to say one-hundreth part) of the honey annually secreted by the flora of the United States, is ever gath- ered by bees. I feel very confident that the time is far distant, if ever to come, when it can be all gathered at a profit. There are at present many un- oicupieii areas waiting for the future apiarists. Whether he can work any of them at 9. living profit or not, de- pends mainly upon his personal abil- ity. It may not be out of place to de- fine what is meant in apiarian vocab- ulary by an area of field. A single bee has been known to visit nearly two thousand blossoms in obtainining one load or a. half drop of honey though sometimes they get it from a few dozen or even less, They have been found nine miles away from home. My own observation tak- en with great care in various direc- tions, and at varied seasons of the year, have proven to me that my bees go five miles for honey during times of scarcity, while in times of plenty they seem to look three or four miles travel as being merely good exercise. In fact our surplus is supplied the most rapidly when our bee ranch the first blossom at two miles, extendii ‘ their flight to three and one-half, e few scattering out to four. There is such a thing as “over stoc‘ ing,” known among bee-keepers, tl - have too many colonies in one are and when such a condition of affair take place, the apiarist establishes “ out” apiaries and these are necessar ily managed ata considerable greater expense, and quite a smaller income You will see that an area or “be: range” constitutes a circular field d‘ not less than six miles diameter, ant how important it is that each apiarv should alone enjoy this field. In fad; it is immposslble for two apearists to long succeed, both occupying one area. Sooner or later one must succumb to the “survival of the fittest.” About one hundred pounds of honey has been estimated as the amount requir- ed by a colony annually, the most of which is of course consumed during the summer season, in brood rearing. and as daily food. It will require fifty pounds surplus for each colony at 10 cents per. pound for extracted honey, to pay expenses of an apiary of one hundred colonies. Thus it will be seen that one area must secrete 15,000 lbs before the business begins to pay. Bee-keepers have decided that from sixty to o‘ e hundred colonies is all one area will stand without being over stocked. thus lessening the amount of surplus obtained. Many have been surprised at modern reports of the amount of honey taken from afew bees, but when by little experience they receive further light in the mat- ter they were more surprised at the amount of labor and capital required to produce this modern income. Ideas of ancient outgoee, with mod- ern incomes, regarding bee culture, has cost many a‘ one many dollars and failure. - To conclude I will say that the same inexorable law pervades all class- es of production, viz.: He who pro- duces at maximum cost, will fail. He who produces at minimum cost, will succeed. J AMES HEDDON. Dowagiac, Mich. 3. ,,,__—- __-_-_,_......-.. ,.. _, ..-.‘,=,.,l_....._... , ,,,__, .,.,;V\.... I“- FEBRUARY 1, 1884. THE GRAN&:E VISITQB. diiiitnmtiiiatiuiia. THE HAND OF LINCOLN. Look on this cast and know the hand What bore a nation in its hold; From this mute witness understand What Lincoln was, how large of mold The man who sped the woodman's team, And deepest sunk the plowmans share, And pushed the laden raft astream, Of fate before him unaware. This was the hpnd that knew to swing The ax—since thus would Freedom train Her son—and made the forest ring, And drove the wedge, and toiled amain. Firm hand that loftier office took, A conscious leader's will obeyed, And, when men sought his word and look, W ith steadfast might the gathering sway- ed. No courier's toying with a sword, No minstrel's laid across a lute; A chiefs uplifted to the Lord When all the king's of earth were mute! The hand of Anak, sinewed strong, The fingers that on greatness clutch; Yet lo the marks their lines along Oi one who strove and suffered much. For here in mottled cord and vein I trace the varying chart of years; I know the troubled heart the strain, The weight of Atlas—and the tears. Again I see the patient brow That palm erewhile was wont to press; And now ’tis furrowed deep, and now Made smooth with hope and tenderness For something of formless grace This molded outline plays about; A itying flame, beyond our trace, reathes like a spirit, in and out—- The love that cast an aureole Round one who, longer to endure, Called mirth to ease his ceaseless dole, Yet kept his uobler purpose sure. L0, as I gaze the statured man. Built up from you the large hand ap- pears; A type that nature wills to plan But once in all a people‘s years. What better than a voiceless cast To tell of such a one as he, Since through its living semblance passed The thought that bade a race be free! --Iziiiiiztiid Clarence Stedntan in .V. i’. In-. dependent. < Our Children At Home. [Read by Mr. Greenleaf at the Case Co. farmers’ institute, January, 1884 ] Children and Home. Strike these two words from language, and these two sentiments from the human heart and two of the mightiest and purest motives of life would cease to exist. The relationship between parent and child, should be one cfinfinite tender- ness. It should grow like a beautiful flower, filiing home with its beauty and perfume. But like every other growth, it requires attention. We can ‘not hope to: reap the fullness of the harvest where we have sown and left all to chance. Much is said in these days of the rights of this or that party, sex or clan. Organizations are formed to secure and protect these rights—-whether real or imaginary. In all of this agitation, we bear little or nothing of the rights of children. It has generally been tak- en for granted that they have no rights which grown people are bound to re- spect. They have neither votes or wealth. They suffer as the brute sufi‘ ers—in ignorance of a remedy. Their only hope of j ustice or interest in their future, is often in the hands of parents, practically as weak and childish as the babes themselves. And when we con- sider that in a few brief years, all of the cares and burdens of life will fall upon our children, that they must struggle as we struggle, that defeat and sorrow will meet them as it has met us, it should cause every heart to thrill with the determination, to help arm and strengthen these little ones so that they may fight life's battle bravely, wisely and well. One of the first steps then I claim, is for parents to have hearty recognition of the rights of their children. Now I do not say, give children their rights: I do not say, give mothers their rights; I only say, do not withhold them. The rights are not ours to give. They are something belonging to the chil dren, and ifthey do not have and en- joy them, it is because some stronger arm is withoiding theirjust and right- eous due. In what these rights con- sist and how they shall be secured to the child, is a question, but I think I am safe in asserting that they have those old rights, defined long ago. and defended with blood,” those inaliena- ble ones of life and liberty. Children come into the world. without will, knowledge, or consent of their own. They find life a journey over a dusty highway, with many pleasant inns by the wayside it may be, but a tedious journey at the best. We bequeath to them not only sufi‘-.-ring, but an infi nite capacity to suffer. One of the vital essentials then of this journey, is life itself. Not a slow, sluggish stream, with scarcely a cur- rent, but real, vital, vivid, healthy life. Life in all its departments, physically, mentally and morally. And this- touches upon the greatest question of all, and one that receives too little at- tention. Some sensible minister said: “Regeneration is a grand and sacred duty, but generation is grander and more sacred." Equally secure should be that other right—liberty. Liberty to grow to develops. To attain just as great and pure a manhood, just as sweet and glorious a womanhood as it is possi- ble for them to attain And this per- sonal liberty, this miracle of individ- uslity should be recognized and re—[ spected. Every parent should feel with the writer who said: I will re- spect human liberty in the smallest child even more scrupulously than in the grown man, for the later can de- fend himself against me, while the child can not. Never will Iinsult the child so far as to regard him as mate- rial to be cast into a mould to emerge with the stamp given by my will.”; Oh! when we regard the importance of_‘the question, it seems strange to see how little attention it receives. Talk to the average man of dollars and he knows exactly what you mean. The intelligent farmers of Violins. and other towns, hold meetings '0 talk over and compare views as to the best methods of raising crops and improving the grade of their stock, and this is right. Talk to the averege woman of fashion and styles, and her knowledge on these subjects is wonderful, and while we meet together carelessly, and earnestly iaik upon nearly every subject known to civilized man. yet never a word on biology, physiology, higene, or the best means of rearing splendid men and women. And while we love ourchild- ren, and freely pt ovide them with food and raimeuf, we pay too little attention ,to fitting them for life and its serious duties. Are parents generally ignorant up- on these subjects? .3 “Howls the baby? was asked of a young mother. “Oh sheisn‘t well at all. ”Are you doing anything for her? “Oh yes, we’ve given her belladonna, chloral, and a little morphine, plenty of soothing syrup, and had three doc tors, but she does’ntseem to improve.” The probabilites are that the little thing will be improved under the daisies of the coming spring, and that Providence will be charged with the net result. In order to help our children, cer- tain conditions are necces-ary. Let us realize that no one mind can teach another anything. All we can do is to prepare the food whether for the phys ical or intellectual system. and then allow the child’s stomach and brain to digest and assimilaieit. And in or (let that it m» y be of the greatest help to them, pleasant and COI*il entialre- lations must exist betwe n parent and child and a clear idea of the duties of each to the other should be obtained. Let me relate an actual coversatiou to illustrate the point. “You hav’n’t much reverence in your composition" said an aged lady to her son, a man in his prime. with children of his own. She was gray—haired, firm of mouth. keen of eye——km’lti'ng. She beloued to that grand old Puritan stock, and believed “ that to spare the rod was to spoil the child.” She wanted no new fangled ideas regarding the govern- ment of children. The only way was to break ‘em early, It nettled her to hear the children,s shout of delight as they heard their father’s step. There was no reverence shown when they romped with him and harnessed him up fora horse. No children who re- spected their fathcr would speak of themselves and him as “we i.-oys.” Oh yes, they always minded and would cry more at a word of reproof from him than blows from another. bu’- there was no « hip behind the door, and the old lady never felt thoroughly at home as a consequence. “Ynu nev er had much reverence for me.” She continued. “Why should I? said the man quietly. “If I should there is reason forit. VVhat is is?” “Because I'm your mother,” came promptly from the thin lips. “I'm not to blame for that, ” said the man. “I wasu,t consulted in regard to the matter, and, there was no design on your part. Your very criticism shows you would have quite a different son if you could. My very existence may have been ad- verse to your wishes fora time.” The woman paused. “I’m older than you” “Another accident; you could’nt have had the honor of being my mother un- less you had been older. I know a number of people older than you for whom neither of us have a particle of respect. Wuat else?” “I cared for you when you were little and help- less.” “That was your part ofthe con tract. The law of the land obliged you to do that. You laid yourself liable if you neglected me.” “Why said the mother, “you are indebted to n=e for your very existence.” “Life hash’: proved such an unmitigated blessing that I feel under any very serious obli- gations to you or any one else for that,” said the son gravely. “l have tried to. be a good mother.” The v :ice was a little broken now. I worked hard for my children, and tried 9» to live as to deserve their love and respect.” "Now mother,” said the man heart ly, "you have struck solid ground. You have our love and respect, because your life richly desefve-' it‘ but_not for the other reasons you urge.” It is time that the world and espec- ially parents understood that love and respect do not come as the growth of any arbitrary command either human or divine, that they are questions be- yond our volition, that they can not be doled out when and where we please W'e love and hate pret y much as we areobliged to love and hate. Children are the hardest ones to cheat. Their sharp little eyes see through all shame. To gain their love and respect and '0 keep them, wemustcome some- where near deserving these qualities. Having gained these important fac- tors, let us make our children feel thor- oughly at home. Many mothers wear- ied by too many cares perhaps, do that in about this way: “Don’t, keep out of here; stop that, sit down and stay there. Oh do stop asking me questions I’ll tell your father of you. Stop littering up the house . Don’t, I say. Yes, go out into the street and stay there.” Don't let them feel that they are pensioners on yvur bouniy, toler- ated until big enough to earn their own living. Tell them it is their home—our home. Give them to u :- derstand that the happiness of that home depends just as much upon the children as upon the father and mother. A home shoul-l be the true commune. Mine and thine should be unknown outside of wearing apparel and tooth brushes. Use that broader and sweeter pronoun, ours. Children should enjoy the _normal period of childhood. Some writer has said that “The shadows of life, like the shadowsof the body, in the morning they lie behind us, at noon we tread them under foot, but at night they stretch out before us, long and dense, till they merge into the darkness of the coming night.” I have known patents whose chief business in life seemed to be dragging the shadows from the rear and persistently plac- ing them in front oftheir children. fill- ing their minds with gloomy forebod- ings and vague fears of the future Only less to be condemed is that hurrying process, the levying on all lands and all nations to pander to ev- ery whin‘ and caprice of the child. Give the boy a jack knife at four, a watch at 10, a pony at 12 or 15, contin- ue this and the chances are that at 25 he has exhausted all of life's pleaqires. and find, the only things really worth living for, tame, insipid, and unprofi- table to him. Every 11:31] with a family should have his evenings free from business, and it would be an excellent thing to spend some of them visiting his own family circle. Let him interest him- self in whateverintereste his children, grow with them, only a little in ad- vance, and all the time, unconciously to them you can be giving them little lessons in love. patience and endur- ance, direc‘ing the strong faculties, and building up the weak ones, planting seed that shall bear fruit long after our voices are forever siilled. Now is the time to teach lessons of morality and temperance. Indeed it must be done here, for these questions are sadly neg- lected in our public shools. And let fathers remember that it is a great help to mothers, if they can use the argument with the boys, “father don’t. "Father dosen’t drink” “father dosn,t smoke,” goes farther than a vast a- mount of argument confronted with paternal approval. But few parents, I think, estim ate the weight of their example with their children. It is written that when the wonder of the world, the Colossus at Rhodes were builded, the King ordered the architect to out his name on the outer wall where it might be seen to men. He was obeyed. The hungey sea rose and fell, and ebbed and murmured, at length the plaster fr-ll away and with it the name of the prou'f king, But underneath the arch- itect cut his name upon a solid rock, and th ugh be same hungry sea rose, and fell, ebbed and murn ered through the centuries, the name on the rock remained. So our acts and words, our examples day by day, is the steel by whichfiwe are engraving on the char- acters of our children and whether it be for good. or bed, the sweep of ages shall not office the results. I brlieve it is a disgrace that we, the people, allow the dram shops, and the brothel to compete with parents for the posess ion of their children, but soitis. We must use these few precious years as a leverage a; ainst these influences, for it is all the advantage we have. I believe one of the wisest things parents can do is to treat children ciiurfeously. Ask them politely to render little services and thank them for so doing. The request is an im plied command, but obeyed so much more willingly, and if refused, if we can imagine a child refusingakind request, different means can be taken to enlorceii than with an unyielding command. Above all let us be honest with our children. If it ever pays it does here. Dou’tlet t be Johnie’s pig, and faf.her’s hog. Charlie's colt and father’s horse. I have known these animals to go through this extraordi- nary process of evo ution. Let them have their own money, be it ever so little, and their own possessions. be they everso few. Take time to aus- wer their qzjegiitini-I, and be thankful they ask them. What would we think ofa mother, who, when a little plead er came asking for something to eat, would keep continually putting him off and refusing his petition? Yet questions show the hunger of the child's mind, and should be fed as well as the body. Turn the tables upon them. Ask them questions, arouse thought and investigation, and they will not trouble you with idle or use less questions. But let us be honest in our answers. If they ask who made the sun and moon, if you know, take the time to tell them, ifyou do not, be honest enough to say so. Show them on desire their happiness and are willing to make any fair sacrifice of time. energy and money to procure it. This is all well enough you say, but how about punishments, authority, disciplin? The great trouble with the laws of the family, is that they are founded upon the same principle as other laws; made by the stronger for the government of the weaker, and to suit the general convenience of the stronger. Without entering into any extended argument, it will he at least conceded that justice should reign in matters of fumily government. The goddess should be altogether too blind to ever discover apet or a favorite, unless, indeed, it be one weaker men- ,tally or physically than his fellows, and thus entitled to extra love and consideration. ldo not claim that parents can al- ways love one child equally with an- other, I do not believe this possible, but his sense of justice should be stronger than that of love wnen it comes to a question of government. If love is used freely and authority sparingly,it is surprising what a very small stock of the latter is really need- ed. “But we must punish?” Oh I sup- pose so! Most children have inherited some mean traits. But I abhir that family that keeps a whip for the poor little children. The only real right that I possess to ever use a whip on the delicate flesh of my child, is when I am mentally weaker and physically stronger than he. The law of the rod is the law of physical might, and I hate it. There is a better and Wiser mode of punishment, or discipline, I like that word better, and that is the natural one. Study that out and let it fall on the child unless too severe. Let me explain. We find in our contact with the world we suffer certain penalties for infringment of laws, penalties that come as the natural and enevitable result of such infringment. Let this natural mode begin at home. Does he delay and procrastinate? Let him lose some coveted pleasure by such delay. If he spends his mon- ey too freely, he must do without for a time. Does he neglect the comfort of others? Let him feel that their at- tention is an essential of his happiness. In some few cases it may be neccessary to step in and pu sh aside these natural penalties as too severe. If playing in the fire it will hardly do to risk crem- ation to show them the danger of the pastime. but if possible, let them burn their fingers a little, and the result will be apparentto the youngest child. The great trouble is that most parents push aside thee natural penalties and then inflict an unnatural one, often in anger, thus leaving the child tho - oughly mad at the gross injustice. in- stead of convinced of itsjustice. How curious and even grateful it would sometimes be to us older children, if after spending our money too freely or endangering health, some one would give us agood sound thrashing on gen- eral principles, and then restore our squandered stores. But we atlength learn wisdom by suffering natural nenaliies, and so should the child. The beauty of the system is that it makes the child a law unto himself, which, after all, should be the end of all training. It teaches him something too of that grand lesson ofjustice. He finds that nature is always alike in the infliction of her penalties. That here there is no favoritism. That while she knows nothing of pity, she knows as little of revenge. The homes of America are the hope of America. Believing as I do in the great possibilities of the home life on the farm for the children, in its in dependence and com-ort for both chil- dren and adults when these questions are properly considered, it is well worth while to interest the children here. Statistics show that cities all over the world are growing at the ex- pense of the country. and there must be reason for it. At the beginning of our national history, one person in thirty of our population lived iu town, now one to four. Out of every three of the population of England, two live in the iowus, and this crowding of im mense populations into narrow areas, presentsjquestions of grave physi cal and moral danger. Cities may do for the rearing of hot-house plants, but history and biography ov»r show that when the world needs MEN, she ever goesto the soil, to the sturdy growth that has withstood the shock of wind and storm. Nearly all of the burdens of com- mercial, political aud military life are today borne by men thata few yrars ago were bare footed b’)yS following the plow and doing the chores. To 80C uire is one of the ruling passions and stiongin children. VVben prop- erly directed it is one of the best. Why not give the children a shari- in the production of the farm? Let it be but little if neccessary, but something. It will be a paying investment in two ways, first in the increased content and happi- ness of the child; second, in the profit of his greater d liigeucc. Being interested in this subject, I thought it would be an easy one to write upon, but I find it too mighty for my grasp. It needs the wand of genius and the scope of a dozen. pa- pers longxr than this. I shall only call your attention to one or two more suggestions regarding our little men and women. Oue is be practical in their home education. We see men on every hand, T1101] ofmind and ability and even iiriliancy, who are failures because they are never taught the practicalideasof life. Fond mothers tell Jonnie and Charley how Jack, the newsboy, flew at once to wealth and glory, by returning the purse, fill- ed with gold to the banker, how he w»s immediately iziven ‘ the best po- sition in the bank,” and how in a few years he was rolling in wealthand his mother died happy. And of that other good little boy. The wood box was always full and the water pail was never empfy. And he read the bible and various historim, though by faint tire—light winter evenings, and he got to be Presiilent of the United States’ he did. This for the home training. They find schoos full of dead languages and deader formulas, rules hard to learn and never applied in practical life. They fiud the world full of isms and 0l0gl(~’S and theories, many of them as vague and senseless as the chatter of an idiot. They find bank- ers are not in the habit of lugging purs- es around to lose, and are not hunt- ing boys to set up in business with un- limited capital. They find as a rule that Jack would have gobbled the, purse too quick, only looking out that acop didn’t run him in. They find sev- eral millions of applicants are already inline ahead of them for the positi- on of president. and that as arule, strict attention to the machine and standingin with the ring is far more essential to getting there, than the short literary career by firelight. So they either throw away two-thirds of the knowledge acquired with so much labor, and either begin again der, or else, this being too severe, they rustle around and marry some rich man’s girl, wait long and patiently for the old man to die, and become a “stall fed that way.” No, we can not afford to deceive our children. Tell them life is real, that it is earnest, and that it is practical. That the practical man succeeds, while the theorist rides his gaunt steed down povety’-3 bare lane. That the first lesson man ever learned is one that still claims constant attention, the struggle for existence; that the man who takes care of himself and does it properly and wisely, has shouldered a bigjob; that he who proposes to pro- vide for another, has added immensely to his responsibilities, and that with wife, children, and home. a man has assumed the gravest and sweetest du- ties oflife. Tell them the ‘survival of the fitts st” holds good as a rule, but the battle is not always to the strong, or the race to the swift. But that knowledge is able to cope with all life’s dragons, that it is the power of powers, and ignorance the crime of crimes, and the parent of all crimes. That all of the blessings of life come by labor: that we are all indebted to the brave dead and to men and women ever vwhe re who do not stoop to selfish- ly count the cost of their acts, for nearly everything we enjoy; that the only way to pay that debt, and to be a true suc- cess, is to accomplish something, and to love somebody; that money is a great blessing, and urge them to ac quire it fairly and honestly, but to also remember that it is only a means to reach a desirable end; tell them that though they rove over dis-— tant lands, and selfishely grasp at all life's pleasures. there is no place where the human heart finds such peace and content as by its own fire~side; that earth builds no monuments so endur- ing as human love; that though it be humble, there is no place like home. I asked my little boy, aged five or six, what I could say to the ladies and gentlemen regarding their children, and he said, “Oh, ask them to be good to the little fellers,” and this is about all there is of it. So let us be tender, loving and patient with the dear little childred. Robert Ingersoll well down toward the foot of thelad- G says, from the depth of his own gen- erous heart, “ Vomen and children have all the rights of the grown man and more-— the right of protection.” And so they have. Oh, how the days and years tlv from the silent vigi by the cradle, to the music, to the school-children dinner-pails and problems. to youth looking out upon life with the unre:-t born of untried powers. to the sad partings and the lonely hearth stone after the children are gone. And the parents, sitting in the shadows life, cry with the poet: "(‘ome home; It is not home without Lifer; the lone seat is still uuclaimecl where thou was won‘! in be; In vain we list for Whrsl. should herald thee. Come home." And if perchanca, during the jour- ney from the cradle to youth, one fal- tered by the way side, if the little feet grew weary ere the rr-ce had fairly be gun, if the white lids clased forever‘ over the blue eyes, whether fighting life's battle, or whether safe in the arms of Nature, what peace for parents to know that they had checked the harsh word and the harsher blow, that they had ever dealt, kindly, honestly, and lovingly with the children. Thus they will go out into the world with brave hearts and eager nandn, willing todare and do, willing to work and wait, calm and uudismay- ed in the face offaiiure and defeat. Tell them your fond love will fol- low them everywhere and at 811 times, That no matter what the re sult may be, they can never sink so low, or commit a crime so black that the doors of your heart or your l)UIu(- will be closed against them. Thus they will go forth, armed with the courage born with love and knowledge, and. no matter where they roam, or by what temptation surround- ed, they will ever look back with loud recollection:-, thinking, dreaming, t.'.ai the sun light of heave» ever fell the softest and brightest on that Spat. nf fond and tender associations, their childliood’s happy, happy home. ___:—_.___.__..—— List of Patents The fillowing patents were granted to citizens of Michigan; bearing «late- Jau. 29, 1884. lteported expres-ily for this paper by Louis Bigger & Co. Mechanics, experts and solicitors of patents, Wan-iliington, D. C: Dori-n, H E Grand Rapids, fire cs- cape. Moran, J. F., Detroit, combined lunch box and ilrinkingfl-wk. l’ruim, H. l’., Grand Haven, uu locking attachment for time lock. Srsoonea-i, Frank, Detroit, clevalor stop, rumhanism. Sherman, W. D., Grand Haven, hanging circular saws. Somee, M. B., Fennville, jack. Stevenson, R ibert, Ferryaiuirg, lin- r-scape. Fsdt, A. H., Lapeer, wagon running gear. l“«>rii1Vcliti'oi1s rclutiiig to Agricul- tural liilcrests bcllrlllg date Jim, 2:: l.\'<4.- \Vire sfre‘cher for check rowers, VV. W. Porter, K-smpton, Ill. System and apparatus for farm culti- vation and harvesting, R. Romaine, Canada. Cultivator, H. WV. Ferguson, North M-lls, Pa. I Cultivator, R. C. Norton, Rockford, lls. Fertilizer, D. R. Castleman, Louis- viile-, Ky. _ Fel'tIllz°l', distributcr, A. McKen- ney, Middleborough, Mass. Horse hay rake, J. M. and T. Wal- lis, respectively of Fleming and Scipio, N. Y. Horse hay rake, S. F. Weaver. Por- tis, Kan. Combined seed planter and fertilizer distributer, W. H. Albach, Mansfield Ohio. Seed plan ter. check row attachment, A. Van Fleet, Juliet, Ill. 1 Corn planter, T. Bell, Shelby City, xv. railway 9 Plow, Pa Plow, O. A. Easig. Canton, (). Plow, H. L. Moore, near Dawson, J. Elcock, Mechanicsburg. a. Polly block, for hay elevators, H. L. Ferris, Alden, Ill. Straw stacker. W. Decker, and J. A. Marsh.—.ll, Dairlingtou, Ind. S-‘raw stacking machine, (1. E. Mer- rifi»lil, Indiauapoii-, Ind. Threshing machine, W. H. and J. Butierwortb, Jr,, Trenton, N. J. ’l‘lireshiug machine, band cutter and feeder, J. A. and F. H. Marshall, D-irliugton, Ind. ’.l.‘l.ll'8.":Illl'.lg m-chine, belt reel, L. P. Barnes, Oreua, Ill. Threshing machine dust exhauster and conveyor, D. Logan, Hartstowu, Pa. Subject For Subordinate Granges For March. Q1./,c.s~i‘i'.on Fl)—ls it farmers, oi'ganizit— tiou llt.‘C(f€SS2lI‘}'. If so why, and for what purpose? iS'u,I/_iyc.s:/£oits'—At this period of the SO- culled progr-ssive age, we find m-.ar- ly c\'cr_v class and interest \\‘bll organ- ized for their own protection and il(l- viiiiccinciit. Business and capital is not only well, but tlioroiiglily orgiinizcil, winch gives it influence and power to control its own interest to its own ad- Villltflgf-’, and to El. large extent the gen- eral interest as well. No unorgiuiized class can witlistand the force of org.~iu- ized effort and must sooner or later succumb to the force of org-ruiizeil pow- er, and submit to the wislics:uidman- dates as dictated by organizatioii. Fzirmers org:mization, are therefore an absolute neccessity, in orderto meet orgruiized power 011 equal terms, and be prepared to contereict its influence when it assails the agricultural inter- est or the farmers rights. This not only shows the neccessity,but also the reason why. \Ve must organize for the purpose of maizitiiining our equality, to protect our homes and our interest, and to secure for the future those ina- lienable rights guaranteed to us by the laws of earlier days, and save ourselves and our children from the low and de- granded condition into which the Far- mers of England, Ireland, Scotland, and lVules have fallen through their unor- gsnized condition. As a. rule, like causes produce like effects, in this case as in the old world, and the American farmer can not ex- pect to escape from a like fate of the prattling rogue filling the house with g ;_l.[llllllll}_E to sell [ re-stilts. at the close of day; and the twilight of[ thing ;)‘cars to do ll(‘l‘ am)‘ good. ‘speak well of it. P In «very calm of returning feet, j 5 l . . ,less we o1‘g:iiuze.-uiil work for ourselves {for our own llllt'l‘t‘.\l illlll for sclf-pr0- ‘tectioii. I lie.~'pc<-tf'lill_V and l~‘i':itern:illv, ll. E.\'li.—\l'(£ll, l.E("l'l'l‘.l-ill .\'.»\'i'iii.\1-\i.Hi:.\.\'Gl-:. _______________;_ Silence is one great art of conversa- wi h ! tiou. the: _______..__.___m lil’(‘Ylil'.\, (Him, ()("l‘. sth. 13%. R. I’¢'iiii,«/r/{,i/ it (ii: ——l’lc:Lsc send us inorc of your lmoks. 7.11:1--l’liora is be- lll(’t‘l_\' and with good (inc l:ul_\' .~'._\‘.< it is the first Slit‘ has foiiml in t\\'ent_v-live .\lzm_\' others Ymll‘S. l-‘..\i:i,-1'ii.-xi: llizos. lll'll;.'L[l.\'[.\'ill1(l (‘he-mists Sold by all l)riiggist.<. lhe Stale lgiiiulluial lliillegi. _ This institution is thoroughly equipped,hav- ing a large teaching force: also ample facili- ties for illustration and manipulation includ- ing Laboratories, Conservstorieu Library, Museum, Classroom Apparatus. also a large and well stocked farm. FOUR YEARS are required to complete the course emb ' Chemistry, Mathematics, Botany, Zoology, English anguages and Literature. and all other branches of’ a college course except For- eign Languages. Three hours labor on each working day except Satiii-days. Maximum rate paid for labor, eight cents an hour. ltA'I'l‘.'S. Tuition free. Club Boarding. CALENDAR. For the year 1884 the terms begin as follows: Srrcmo ’l‘im:r . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .February 18 Sunni-2n ’l'i«:nM.... _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ __May2o AUTUMN Tltllfif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .September 2 Exnmintion of Pfllltlllliillfrl for advanced sfriudiiig will lie iii-ld Feliruary 18. (‘undnlatee for ll’llillS§‘()ll, to College on Septcinln-r 2 may present lh('.lll'~’v‘lVf‘S for vximiinution either on M Iy ’_'U. or .\'i-ptcnilwr 2 fit ii A. M. For Catalogue apply to '1‘. (‘, -\ lClN)'I'T, Prrilldrllt, or R, G. BAIIKI), .5‘:-«I1-linry. CL0SING(irRllII’IT SALE FRIESIAN iHlllSl[lNi Clllll ON 'l‘lll'I Fair Grcund at Pontiac, Mich., Thursday, March 21, 1884. Aurfiom-<-r. ('0l.. t‘. I‘. .ll'll.\ll, 'l':illu|a. ill. .iSsls’1‘i«:1i iii‘ Pol. J, I’. l-1).\"l‘l‘.lK. I’iinlliic. llirli. The uiidcrsigizs-cl will sell their entire herd of liripuricd Fii -will Cattle as ill-rive to close outa (Ki-)-llllllf-'.TI~lll]l, zit liulilie uliuiiori, on tine Fair l,ii'ouiiils, l’oiltiiu:, Mic-h., March 20, 1834. For uc.s(-rip'.ive. catalogues apply to l’llI*;Ll’S .it SI-IELEY, Pontiac, Mich. lllclidt MICHIGAN CEN TEAL. RAILROAD. DEPARTURE OF‘ 'I‘l{AlN.‘5 FROM KALAKAIOCL TIME-'l'AllLE—— l)HCH\llll-IR 9. 1333. Stun-luril fiine-—-Emtli llll‘l"lIll(|Il_ Wi£HTWAR[l. K:\lnniiw.ou Arcommixlatiriii leaves mslaui.w-»- Expri-an arrives, EV(‘lllill.: Kxpre~ss,__-__-_--_ Pacific I-1xproes,._.__-____... Midl___________._- _, ,' 1 03 Day Expmis._---.__-_-_---.___- ' 2 31 EASTWARD. ,7 V WWW’, H V ll P. I. Night Express. ................. -- i 3 27 __ Kalanmzoo Am‘/imniodatioil leilvi-s,_ ' ____ Kalaiiiimio lixpress arrives,_ Mail _________________ __ Day Express, ________ ____ New York Exprssii,_______._ Atlantic Expri-ss,____,_.______ New York, Atlantic and Pacific Expresses dall Evening Express west and Night Express east except Saturdays. ' days. ' Nu. ‘/0(wost) at 'i’:l-, bring pmiseug--rs fiom east at 12: 7, P. )1. H. B. Lsniunn, Gen. Manager, Detroit. J. A. Garza, Gs-in-ml l-‘rt-igiit Agent, Chicago. 0 W. limiotiss, G. P. iii '1‘. A., Chicago. ____._____m_,__.__ L- S. 85 IVI- S. R. R. KALAMAZOO DIVISION TIME TABLE. Staiulirvl firm-— ftli mrridian. GOING SOUTH. "‘N"ii'sz'o v i"aT“‘ ihlxprcs.-i. lilx .1 MlW" "' ‘7:soi.u 40- mi‘ sic“ Le. orkulii Albip7ids_( Al'.All(-gun ____ __ _; 8 47 “ . 515 “ I 30 “ Ar. Kulaina7.oo___ _« 9 42 " H15 “ ll 55 " Ar. Sclitmlcrilft _-_-- ___!1o17 ‘- 651 " , leap. Ar. Thr-cu ltivons- _llli«l') N 72-1 “ l 337 -- Ar. White Pigeon ..lll l'.£ “ 752 “ 460 " Ar.Tulmio_____ 5 32 pm‘ 217 Anal 817 an Ar. Cli.~\'t.-land 11) ()7 “ o‘ 7 “ ,l 0 ~15 pi Ar. B|ll'llllf)__.. _ 82:1 AMll24b‘ PM‘ 2 20 " GOING N()}{’I‘H. V '7' 7" "lNWY &'ii7NTIo lhlxré M‘Exprose.lw"y 7'- l..e.lJufiulo___-_ _ ll -ll PM 12 4 1 am IA AUDI Ar. Cleveland _ 03:: “ . 6:1: " ' 555 an Ar. Toledo ________ _- ___ill 17 “ 10 22 H 322 pg Ar. White Pig<~.ou_ __- 5 ‘.5 Aral‘ 3 l‘.£ PM b 13;] Ar. Three Rivers _ ___i' 604; ~ ‘ 2. 37 -- 1o 45 -- Ar. Sclloolcraft_ _: 630 “ ‘ ice “ ’12oo '- Ar. Kalamazoo _, 712 “ : 4 I2 “ 2302] Ar. Allezzan __ _. 9 1'.’ “ r 4|) “ 425 Grand Rapids“ 1 9:4: " 655 “ BU) I: All trains connect at White Pigeon with trains on main line. M. E. WATTLBS, Supt. Kalamazoo Division, Kalamazoo. Pasieerngzrar '1‘i ine Table. ——o GOING NORTH. (Stiinilar-l time) I ’ STATIONS. NO. 1. NO 3. ,‘ NO. 5. NO. 7: Cincinnati ____i.v.‘_“_/____(_:3V7 in fall 7 id,-____ Richmond _-_ “ i 9 52 “ __ .. i237 puioaz “ siuigiu _____ __ 5 id mi, 514 Au[10-55 ‘I KalaIn:i7.oo____Ar.: 6 52 “ ’ 2 25 P. KHlltluflZO()--__LV.‘ 13 “ l 252 H (lraud R.4'|pl]lFl_AI'._ ______ _- 22 U l 3 57 In Grand lt:ipids_l.v.- 0 “ 445 H C-dillac _____ _Ar. 30 pui 9 50 u Cadillac _ __Lv.‘ 2 -I [1013 -- 'l‘ravo-rse y_Ar 3 55 PM _--_- 1'eI0~k<*y ---- —— “ '24 “ 2 14 an I Mackinaw City “ ,I_ 8 some sou-ru. STATIONS. Mackinaw City Irv}- ___..’ ______ __; (:10 Anal 9 15 p. Pt-,toskey____ “ i - __1 7 38 “ :1133 ‘g ' N0. HES:-4. i No. 8. l No_a_ —>l Traverse City__ “ l_ , 9 15 “ ________ (clugilllilc .... __.[-J\r.:- ___3_____,” 37 " 5 20 “ a ilac ____ __ v..- __ 3 0 mi‘ 46 pin 5 " Grand Rapids _Ar.l-_--_---, 7 40 “ l 4 05 “ 1022 “ Grand Rapids-Lv,l 6 32 AU I 4 32 " 232 Pu Kalamazoo ___Ar,: 831 " l 632 “ 224 “ Kalamazoo _-_Lv,l 8 37 “ I 6 52 “ 229 " Sturgis ______ -_ “ {I004 " l 8 l6 " 4 12 u Richmond ___-Ar,y 4 27 en, 4 (17 us, 4 (8 Au _______ Cincinnati---“ “ I 7 05 “ I12 30 PM 1286 “ , -..-- .—- No. 5 leaves Cincinnati and No 8 leaves Mackinaw City daily, except Saturday. All other trains daily except Sunl -y. Woodruff sleeping cars or N.l. are between on cinnati and Grand Rapids, and sleeping and chair can on same trains between Grand Rapids and Petoskey also Woodruffsleeping cars on Nos 7 and 8 between’ Grand Rapids and Mackinaw City. A. B. LEE1‘, farmers in the countries named, un- Genl Pass. Agt, ri .,, .49‘-’- .. ...-v.. vo.m.--xv , ., . wads.‘ ,5 _,,_. .,,, ra :.-. H ..-‘,IAz‘/“>2:-\:v4.«-i-rt’. - u...—.._. 6 3-; TEE GRANGE VISITOR. FEBRUARY 15.1884. garlic fiipazitnpqt. [Read at Ingham Co. Pomona Grange.] Again Pomona. calls; Ag Lin her voice we hear; Come friends and Patrons, one and all, And to her call give car. What does Pomona want? Why is she calling now? Are these the questions that I see Reflected on your brow? She’s calling for the help Your stalwart arms can give, To aid as in our noble work And bid our Order live. Her foes are on the track, We hear their battle-cry; Up Patrons, drive the foeman back; We’ll conquer them or die. Who are Pomona's foes? Oppression and his host: And to destroy her gilded halls They've proudly ,made their boast. Fair llberty was once By this proud host assailed, But friends of freedom joined the ranks, And made-the monster quail. Lue ye not freedom's friends? Then wave your banners high, Let not the sisters, Liberty, Or fair Pomona die. Gird on your armor bright, Your pledge again renew, Stand ready to defend the right With brothers good and true. Uniteduwe shall stand; Divided we may fall; Oppression then will rule the land And make us vassals, all. Then he ye not dismayed, But sound this battle-cry, Down with oppression's hydra head; Our Order shall not die.‘ - LIN. A. I.au:re1ice. [Essay read by Mrs. O. M. Sikes at the Pomona Grange held at Voliiiia, Cass (.‘.ouii-ty, in Oct. 1880:] “The woman who makes the best loaf of bread is entitled to her laurcls just as much"as she who writes the best poem." ‘This is the true idea of worth: whatever is done well, the doer de- serves credit according to the measure of success, and not according to the quality of the thing done. If he who causes two blades of grass to grow, where but one grew before, be a. bene- factor, liow much more a benefactor he whose inventive genius opens up avenues for intellectual improvement and mind development. Such an avenue is the Grange with its libraries, music, essays, discussions, reading and recita- tions, each provoking thought without which there can be no growth. Thus we find the Grange an open door to im- provement in all grades of society: be they young or old, rich or poor. The times are propitious for advance- ment. From every Grange comes the call for speakers, for writers and sing- ers, and the person must be wide awake indeed; who can read an essay of 30 minutes length that will hold the at- tention of an audience. The demand is for condensed thought, a great many facts put in few words; the embelish- ing must be very carefully done, the periods must be nicely rounded, but not so much as to usurp the place of the solid substance. So fast do wclive, everything is carried on the “high pres- sure" system; this being the fact, as Patrons, we cannot afford to go slow; live, active members must be put in the oflicers' chairs and have live sub- jects for consideration. The best teach- ers in the schools are those whose eyes and ears are open to collect a variety of ideas and study for new methods of presenting them, so as to interest and attract. Many of us are too old to take our satchel of books and little dinner pail and trot off to school, but amid our cares and anxieties and longing for breadth and depth and growth, there comes an invitation to the Grange in which we find a school where many branches are taught; comprising not only the farm and household, where the principles of temperance, patience, preference, charity and love for human- ity, is iuculcated. Intemperance stalks through the land lieedless of birth, sta- tion or condition. This curse has caused more broken vows, aching hearts shedding of tears, and agonizing cries and groans and tears; wasted lives and crushed hopes, and it is an appalling fact that every day children are being born to drunken parents to perpetuate the appetite. lV'hat can be done to stay the tide more than has already been, and is being done. Societies are organized adopting more stringent measures than ever be- fore, and yet the ravages remind us of the pestilence that walketli in dark- ness and the destruction that wastetli at noonday, discouraged and heart sick, we cry out in our emergency, “Is there no balm in Gilead, and no physician there that my people are not healed?” The Grange is doing a noble work in encouraging the virtues which destroy the desire for low companionship. What can we do more? If we have not been sufiiciently united, and there is union in strength, then let us be unit- ed: if organization is power, let us or- ganize, if co-operation is advantageous let us co-operate; whatever is for the downfall of King Alchohol let us be as one man to do it. We cannot afford to parlev as to ways and means; but each put a shoulder to the wheel nearest him and lift with a will; surely success must crown our efforts, as there never wasatinic when the irnpliui::it.s o f warfare against ignorant and supersti- tion were so plenty, so cheap, and so effective as the present. The nation's character is formed by its literature; to-day the standard works are in the reach of every family; the young peo- ple are searching history, scanning maps and discussing biographers, read- ing tlic best poets, weaving it all into their every day lives until every one is so hungry for knowledge and the days and evenings are all too short for the investigations to be made. News- papers are in demand everywhere, and when such men as De Witt Talmzige, licecher, Storrs, Thomas, Irving. Spur- geon, Collier, Cook and ahost like them are giving their best thoughts through the pulpit and press, and Tilton, Gough, Bunga, Miss Anthony, Mrs. Liverinorc, Stanton and Maloy besides a myriad of lesser lights sending out their intiueiice from the rostrum: surely the darkness must flee away, and the glorious light of purified intelligence shine with re- splendent glory. We must increase our libraries, scatter good books every- where, so fillthe minds of our _vouIlg men with the events in the lives of great men that the billiard parlor will loose its charm. Oh, it pays to live pure useful lives. The eulogist paid this beautiful tribute to the late Maria Litta the sweet songstrcss, whose life work was done at the age of 22 years. “She was to everyone a lighted candle in a darkened room; she was the luster of a diamond, the song of a bird, the melo- dy of a harp, the fragrance of a bed of June roses; and again one face is a cell where avarice dwells, another is a home where treachery is encased. an- other a den wlicre inalignity riots, while another is a throne where honor sits, or the palace where love is cu- shriiied;" then turning to the coflin said, "this face so cold, was a casket of pearls, an urn of flowers." Oh young pcople,docs it not pay to live pure. and make your inlluence felt for good, The most choice language cannot cxprcss the admiratioii we fccl for a noble character. What Mai'ia Litta was we niaiy all in it llle2lSllI‘(,‘ become, by cul- tivating puro thoughts and kind feel- ings, our faces may be a palace at least where love is enshrined. Who would not be willing to spend long hours in wearisome study and close application, aye, years of continuous toil, if it but fits us for a higher state of enjoyment after our work is done. The Grange is i-specially beneficial to the young, as it teaches them to reason on political questions without partisaii- ship, thus helping them to form a true basis for government. We believe the regeneration and perpetuity of this republic is in the Grange, through this medium of education and fraternizing, unity and equity will be established and capital no longer rule but harmo- niously combine with labor and social justice will be the result. \Vhen we hear of the corruptions of govern- ment oflicials, of fraud and dishoiiesty. as daily practiced, we are apt to look back and think of thefounders oftliis republic and sigh for the old time in- tegrity, forgetting the greatness of our present population and the influx of foreign paupcrs and criminals to be governed and kept witliiu bounds; and the increase of drunkenness among our own countrymen and theinllueiice that would remove the Bible from our common schools. In view of all this we may well ask if our rulers are so corrupt and so large a class of the peo- ple ignore and defy the law of laws. What will save this nation? Let us look about us and I think we may take courage. is there not on every hand a call for more light, more knowl- edge; the doors of institutions of learn- ing everywhere are being thrown open to women and educators in every branch are nerving themselves to meet the requirements; more young men than ever before from the rural dis- tricts are knocking at the doors of our colleges and universities for admit- tance and the girls are not a whit be- hind tlieirbrotliers in mind growth. Is there not hope for a nation whose com- mon people have a thirst for improve- ment. There will ever be room at the top; but there is at the present time more clinging to the top rung of the lad- der than in any period of the world's history. It has been said that it takes a century to make a great man, but one writer has said. In this 8th decade of the 19th century, we may couuttliem by the hundred; talk as you may of the progressive development and wonder- ful achievements of Grecian intellect the masterly culture of Athens with her profound statesineii and philoso- phers and strategists, her electrical or- ators, her brilliant poets, her inspired artists, her studious and comprehensive historians. Yet all this array of talent produced by Attica and which culmin- ated during her greatest greatness and fame. in the presence of her Demos- thenes, Aristidies, Socrates, Phythoga- ras, Euclid Euripides, Plato Aristotle, Aristies, Herodotus and Xenophon, is as but the title page of the great volume of achievements accomplished so many centuries ago ; yet if that orator should drop into our midst with all his pris- tine powers, he could not stand beside a Castellar, and would be but an intel- lectual and oratorical pigma beside our own Sumners, Clays, Websters and Calhouns, whose names are legion all over our land, no one towering sulfi- ciently above his compeers, to produce a marked sensation. What has brought all this about ‘."—the printing press, the great educator of nations. "Take the best words ever uttered by a Cicero. or the best lines ever penned by 3. Homer aided by the embellishing pow- ers of the first translations in exist- ence and they will bear no comparison to the words and stanzas of our own statesmen and poets read every day in our newspapers till evidences of the prevalence of intellectual greatness are as plentiful as autumn leaves. The age in which we live seems to acceler- ate its own progressive development by the momentum it receives in each new advance: where it is to end the most prophetic cannot predict; but the prac- tical observer with mind and eye on the alert gazes into the near future with a well ground—d expectancy in the discoveries in the sciences and phil- osoph_v which shall utterly eclipse any- thing the world nas yet witnessed. Does it not seem with all this in view the young must realize the grand pos- sibilities of their future, and cease to care for the frivolous things that do not satisfy. The social arm of the Grange en- deavors to build up the character of its members spiritually, morally and in- tellectually; for the three must be com- bined to make a perfect whole; for this purpose we establish carefully se- lected libraries; one cannot read the thoughts of great men without in some iiieasure catching something of their spirit. Who can read Thanotopsis and not have his higher nature stirred to its depths and how grateful we feel to a Bayard Taylor for the glimpse nay;full View he gives us of countries we never would have known. but for his speaking pen. And we can almost hear the voice of the Quaker poet as he pleads for the African slave and con- denination of the wrong that enslavcs 2!. human being. Longfellow has fallen asleep but his poems are familiar as household words and dear as household treasures, pi-ople of all nations have ellSlll'lll€(l lll<‘lIl in their heart of hearts. We are called a reading nation. Which class shall we read, the authors I have rafcrred to, or trash which sat- isfies iiot, lint causes us to live feverish unnatural lives. Can you be satisfied to feel the great heart of the nation that with impatience to dig from the earth its treasures, from the atmos- phere its mysteries and from the starry firmament its hidden glories and not respond? In this brief half hour I have en- deavored to present some of the advan- tages of thc Grange and the result on the character of the principles taught therein. I now invite you to come in: we need your vivacity, your vigor, your freshness, and you shall have the bene- fit of our mature judgement. In the venture there is nothing to lose, but great advantages to secure. Will you come? Household Economy. I suppose it is not pleasant or profit- able to hear people continually harping upon the way our predecessors man- aged their affairs, or to think and feel, that the former times were better than these latter days. Some people think our grandmothers and our mothers, worked harder than we women do now- a-days 1 do not think so. Surely. they did not work more than all the time, neither could they be more tired than some of us at the close of each day But their work made more show when written or talked about; our work oc- cupies so much time, and iiiakcs such poor returns in the aggregate They could enumerate the many hun- dreds of pounds of cheese sent to the distant market. The almost number- less skeins of yarn spun, or yards of cloth woven; so much of our time is spent in the making of fancy work, then caring for it, and keeping the dust off from it. The washing of great quan- tities of dishes, because fashion tells us we must have a separate dish for each kind of food on our table. N ow-a-days we have gotten into a certain “rut" and it is no easy matter to get out of it, even if we were disposed to try- namely baking of so much fresh bread. In many household 5, cake and pie is made every day, and bread every other day, and hot biscuit between times to pamper an already perverted appetite. In this method of procedure we do not have as much time for other duties or pleasures as we might have, had we the plan of only baking on certain days of the week. Of the former times Ilike the old fashioned brick oven, from whose ample capacity come foith the delicate baked white bread, the delicious brown bread, a variety of pics. the famous iostonbakcdbeaiis, and .-ihuge loaf of -‘mothers fruit cake,” in quantities which would last several days, and the little folks did not have the habit (then as now) of asking the critical question "When was this thing baked?" There are certain requisities neces- sary to a successful day’s work in bak- ing. The best material is the cheapest. And better use less material and the best, than to use large quantities of poor stuff and witness afailure. A lady said to me. "It is economy to borrow money(if one has it not already) and go toa large town and buy a large quan- tity of groceries, then to buy a little. and often at the cheap grocery around the corner, paying the grocer for so much extra time, and so much paper and twine. I leave the question with you for dis- cussion, only I will say, she is a good economist, and manager of her house- hold affairs. Never use the cheap brands of bak- ing powder. as they are so adulterated. Ilosford‘s, or the royal baking pow- der is the purest. Another requisite and luxury is plenty of good dry wood, not the kind that smokes and smolders, but that which will produce an even, clear, bright fire. I hope all the brothers of our Order prepare a long time beforehand the inevitable wood pile." I should think the man who neglected this part of his farming would hate himself mot his wife)if he is obliged to hear each morning this injunction, “John I am going to bake to day, don't forget to split some wood before you go to the field to work." Sometimes if I have not very much baking to do I leave the breakfast dishes without wiishing till l get the article made and in the oven and then I do all the dishes at once. But ordinarily I wash the breakfast dishes, open the sleeping room windows spread the bed clothes on chairs around the room. sweep and dust the sitting room,.comb my hair, put on a clean up- ron, and then I am ready for business, and if any one calls unexpectedly my house and myself are not in disorder. I try to bring every thing from the pan- try to the work table before commenc- ing operations. I have a large dripping pan whiclil keep for this especial pur- pose, on which I place the cans of soda. baking powder, nutmeg grate)‘, cake cutter, Dover egg beater, rolling pin, and flavoring extracts, cups, spoons, knives, and cverytliing required. Then I sift all the flour I think I need. In the making of cake it is best to lirst stir the butter and sugar together to a cream» beat the whites and yolks of the eggs separate. lf baking powder is to be used sift it through the required ani- ount flour twicc. adding the milk the last thing before baking. Linethe cake dish with paper greased with butter. Place a dish of water in the oven to generate steam, to prevent the cake from burning, or drying out; this is es- pccially dcsirabe in baking differeiit kinds of dclicate cake. To tell when the cake is done press the linger on the top to make an indentation, if it rises back, it is done, or, gatlier clean straws from the barn, and lay aside for future use to try the cake witli,if they slip out and in easily without any sticking to it, the cake is done. I abhor the idea of using a splinter from the l)rooin which doses the sweeping from cellar to gar- ret. In the making of juicy pies, just before I place them in the oven, I bind the edge with a narrow strip of white cloth dipped in cold water, this pro- vents the juice from coiniiig out. and causing such a waste of sugar, and saving much reaction’ Of late I have only used round yellow plates lined with white porcelain. A sewing girl gave me :1 new idea of the "fitness of things," she said she never ate pie bak- ed on a square tin, as so many house- keepers feed the dog and cat on them. and she thought perhaps they’ might not wash out the corners suflicently. In the making ofginger snaps, or ino- lasses cookies, it is well to put all the ingredients iogether (in a pan, except flour) and place it on the stove, stirring constantly to prevcnt burning until the contents are scalding, then stirin the flour. This method does away with so much stickiness and trouble in rolling them out. Ginger snaps rc- quirc a very hot fire, cookies, a moder- ate fire. When they are baked place a newspaper on the table, and lay each one on it separately till cold,before plac- ing in a jar. If they are inclined to stick to the baking pan, let them re- main for a momentor two and moisture will gather on them, then they can be easily removed. The same will loosen bread. Mvim. ABoy's Estimate of His Mother's Work. “My mother gets me up, builds the fir», gets my breakfast and sends me off.” said a bright youth. "What then?" asked the reporter "Then shego.-ts my father up, and gets his breakfast and sends him off Then gets the other children their breakfast and sends then to school; and then she and the baby have their breakfast." “How «-11 is the baby?" “Oh, she is ’most two, but she can walk and talk as well as any of us.,‘ "Are you well pain?" _ “I get $2 a week and father gets $2 a day." “How much does your mother get?” With a be-wddered look the boy said. “Moihei! Why she ton’t work for any body.” “I thought you said she worked for all of you.” “Oh, yes, for all of us she does; but there ain't no money in it.” A Modern Student. The Rev. Dr Ritchie, ofEdiuburgh, though a very clever man. once met with his match. When examining a student as to the classes he had attend ed, le sziv‘, “Avid yr u attended the class in mathematics? i.Yt,a_n " How many sides has a circle?” “T No,” said the student. “What are they 7" What a laugh in the court the stu deni’s answer produced when he said, “An ill‘il1", and an owside one.” The Docior next enquired, “And you attended the moral philosophy (315189 fllflb?" ' inYPF.7) “Does any effect ever go before the cause?" |nY,_s_N “Give me an instance?" “A man wheeling a wheelbarrow." The Doctor then sat. down and pro- posed no more questions. The Forests; Our Friend. The removal of the magnificent for- ests which once covered southern Michigan, was necessary to the devel- opment of the country. With the country denuded of its forests the same climatic conditions m‘ght have prevailed fifty years ago, as at the Dresent time. But the early pioneers all bear witness that, with the coun- try covered with timber the climate was much more equable. The young orchards surrounded by dense forests were never injured by winter’s cold; and peaches, plums, and all tender fruits, flourished and seldom failed to bear fruit on wide regions of country, where constant failures have occurred since the forests were swept away. We all know the relief afforded when we gain the leward side of thick timber, while driving overa wind swept coun- try, with the degree of cold away be- low zero. That fruit trees, canes, and vines are protected by a belt of timber between them and the prevailing winds has been provid repeatedly. The exemption from the effects of cold, witnessed on high grounds, which are immediately surrounded by much lower grounds, is caused by cur- rents of air which rise above the cold- er straia and condense, and fall upon theeurface af the valleys, and lower sevels. This exemption is not so marked when a low degree of cold is accompanied with a high wind; as, at such times, unless the wind should pass over alarge body of water. It will often be much colder on the open elevation, than on the valley adjoin- ing, which i-» protected by wood land. Spring frosts occur later in the season and are more severe and destructive than formerly. Large open areas of country usually suffer more by spring frosts than a country alternating with timber and clearing. If currents of air move parallel with the timber, the air is deflected from the timber and condensation ofiold and conse- quent frost is avoided. The same ef- fects may be observed on an orchard, or on the immediate vicinily ofa si_i- gle tree, where strawberry blossoms would be uninjured, when nearly all are killed when growing a short dis- tance from trees. The timber culture act, which was designed to establish a growth of timber upon each govern- ment section of improved lands, has utterly failed to accomplish the pur- pose intended. Speculators and land grabbers, have taken timber claims in advance of settlements and by making a show towards fulfilling the require- ments of the law, have been enabled to hold the lands until profitable sales of their claims could be made to in- coming settlers. A few of the timber entries were made with the intention of ac ,ulring title by fulfilling the ac- quirements of the law; and fine growths of timber are often seen on the great prairies west of the Missouri river. The finest of theselimber belts have, however, been planted by far- mers on their own premises, and have been carefully cultivated and cared for until they form an e flective barrier from the 1-fl'ects ol the cold prairie winds; and are rendering the country much more beautiful and home like. Mucn interest on forestry is being manifei-ted by s cietiee in several Sales; but li lle can be accomplished on a large scale except by individual effut of land holders and farmers. Throughout the best part of southern Michigan, the little timber remaining is usually on the middle of ti;esec— tions and is constantly being prostrat- vd by winds which sweep almost un- obstructed over the country, and though many farmers, are eking out their:-upply of wood by the use ofct-al, the original forests must soon disap pear. Now what can be done to restore in some measure the equilibrium of our climate and the beauty and pros- pective value of the farms in Michi- gan? Our State has very wisely en- couraged tree planting upon the pub- lic highways, and statistics of the acreage of wood remaining in different counties, are being gathered. But the people crnnot expect the State to aid them materially in this matter. Tree planting which will prove of climatic a: d econimic value to Michigan farms should not be confined to the road side, and to a few oinamental trees in front of the house. A plantation of several acres of the most useful and beautiful of our native forest trees should be made. This plantation should be made on the south and west of the house and out buildings when piacticable, and at a sufficient distance to shelter the orchard and small fruit gardens from the winter winds. In a plot of four acres, I would plant one- half with sugar maples, and the re- maining two acres with walnut, but- ternut, hickory, and a. good portion with the American chestnut which has proved itself both in growth and fruit well adapted to southern Michi- gan. A row of evergreen trees might be planted on the outside. but I would make the future wood land a thing of joy forever to future generations of juvenile inheritors by planting the nut and sugar bearing trees. The elm, lawn and other varieties of trees should be planted by the road side. The ground for the timber plat should be thoroughly prepared and marked into squares of eight feet. The maples can always be procured and will all grow with ordinary care in planting, but small trees grown in an opening are best. The nut bearing trees may obtained ofnursei, men, l r: ‘ transplanted very young, and t mostcare used or they will die. -.ie better way is to plant several nuts on each hill where the trees are to grow; and after a good tree is established re- move others. Nuts of all kinds are sure to germinate if planted late in autumn without having been dried or heat in bulk. They may not show themselves until midsummer, and it is necessary to mark the hills with acov- ering of different colored earth, or by short sticks. The ground may be planted in any hoed crop during the first three or four years and the trees carefully cultivated, until they are well established when orchard grass or clover can be sowed. But little loss of use of ground will be sustained as the young wood lot will soon become a paradise for the calves, lambs and pigs. The best land is not too good for the tree plantation; and thorough cultiva- tion is requlslte to success. Rough broken places are found on many farms where the germs ofthe origin,-I forests have not become extinct, and...’ fine growth of trees can often be in-. duced in such situations by judicious thinning and plantiugsnd proper care against deprcdatlons of stock. What Makes an Educated Man‘? [Read before Farmers’ Association of Ant- wern and Paw Paw Dec. 6, ISS3, by W. T. Welch.] The word educate is made up of two roots E and ducere,E meaning out and ducere to bring or to lead out-. As in educating a person, educating ‘implies the leading cut of the intellect, and whatever goes to make up the training ofa person is his education. This was the originalmeaning of the word but common usage has taken upon itself to narrow this meaning considerably, for now in speakingofa man's educa- tion we rcfer to that store of knowl- edge which he has obtained from his schooling and books, this is the mean- ing intended to be conveyed in the usual sense, for do we not speak of a man who has had a good (3. urse at school as having a good education though he be extremely immoral. How often when speaking of 9 man of this class we say, “How strange thata man so well educated would stoop to an act so low and degrading.” Men of this class are called educated though they be immoral and unprinciplsd, but it needs only athoucht to deter; mine whether their education is com- plete or not. Again we have a class of men who have gone through col- lege perhaps have graduated with honor and may be moral men; but when the time comes for them to en- gage in the real work of life they are found sadly deficient in some of the qualities which are indispersable to make them able to step out independ- antly and take their places amongthe men of the world. Something iswant- ing, something has been neglected in their education, for instead of being able to launch out boldly on the voy- age of life on which a man's natural ability may be likened to a canoe and his education the paddles, he finds himselfunable to employ his oars in connection with his craft and becomes dependent on some abler individual who kindly tows him on. These men are said to possess a liberal education but it avails them nothing more than the consolation derived in flattering themselves that they possess one, it does 11 ,1; make them independent and self reliant and it has lacked a great deal of preparing them for the stern duties of life. Are they educated? Are such men as these déserving of the honor be- s‘owed upon them by calling them ed- ucated. The first class cannot enjoy life by abusing it and the second cer- tainly cannot be happy in being de- pendent and helpless. One more con- dition. How many men there are who in their youth had little or no chances for schooling, men who when young worked hard for their support and perhaps that of a dependent fam- ily, but on arriving at manhood they are found to have received such a training as to enable . them to com- mence llfe not as our before mentioned educated men have, but independent- ly and in a self reliant manner, know- ing just how to apply the knowledge they have received. Their morals are good and success may have crowned their efforts in business and they may be contented and happy but because they are unable to ex pnss their thoughts no matter how valuable and original, in good gramatical and logi- cal statements they are said to possess no education. The ol~j'~ct of this life is happiness. Every act is to secure pleasure. It is not for money that men toil and sacri- fice, but money is something that can be exchanged for pleasures and com. forts. The real object of every man is to put himself in such a position 33 will enable him to be happy. Then if to behappy is the chief Object of life 3 man should receive such an education as will enable him to acquire happi- ness. None of these classes of men are fully educated. They are educated in some of its special branches of a, fun education, while they are to a greater 1 V .~.._4 ——.... ‘.......... . .. J . s>.5.*'-'itt*.-a:- - _ FEBRUARY 15, 1884. »— '~ ‘ '.- 1) l4" ;‘,‘.c,,,.-ee ignorant of many essen- of real education. “but of the three classes I believe the successful moral man is more deserv- ingly entitled to such honors than are educated profiigates and the class of lohollarly dudes. A man to be tho- roughly educated should possess an education made up of three roots. First, that which fits him for his par- ticular business‘ of life or his profes- sionaleducation. Second, that which teaches him his duties as a man and citizen or moral and political educa- tion. ’l‘hird, that which teaches him. of his higher relations or religious ed- ucation.' Man needs that education most which w.ll be most useful to him and an overwhelming majority of our people think that the most usefu.l is that which enables a man to accumu- late the most money. Hence they re- gard professional education the most useful, and regard time spent in ob- taining that of a more general charac- tx ‘as wasted. But aman may be pro» Vent at the business he may be en- god in and not be happy.» We all now of men who are good in their :espective vocations as mechanics and professional men, but when taken out- side of their special trade or profession they are found to be ignorant of mat- ters of a most general character. May be they do not mingle in any society but whose social value would be ex- pressed by zero. A man who does not mingle in the society of his fellow beings knows nothing of the world outside of his particular business, is not deriving the benefits which should be enjoyed by every person of educa- _ ion and intelligence. A man may be sod in his business occupation or die and derive pleasures from the ark which it necessitates but he can not devote all the time allotted him in 43.15 shop or ofilce. There are times when he is with his neighbors, with his family and much of it when he is alone. If he does not know how to use this leisure time so as to derive pleasure and happiness from it he is indeed a pitiable man. But he who 1 ossesses an education which enables him to spend those leis- ure hours with pleasure and profit to himself and those about 1 im, has ac- quired a knowledge which is truly a great possession. Such an education is not the result of a training in one of the essentials to the exclusion of some others but is ger eral and is properly called a general education which all need equally. Which teaches man his duties to his fellow man as a citizen and member of the tommunity in which he lives. Which broadens him and makes him able to get outside the narrow channel of his calling and grapple with the current questions of state and society. Which enables him whether in palace or cottage, in soci- ety or alone to appreciate that which is cultured and refined. Which instills into his mind principles of virtue and purity. Which teaches him to reason justly, to understand and admire the great works of nature and to love and reverence their creator. Such is a gen- eral education and he who possesses such is tru ly an educated man. W fiegiarltiteut. THE POSTMAN . Steadily on, goes the postman gray- In duty,s path, day after day; Through the sunshine, and the sleet, Bearing missives down the street. Neither knowing their import, nor much, ’I"is his line of business, and held as such. caring Some have been bylfair hands traced; Some, of honest look, so open-faced; Some have such a sort of spidery look, You feel the writer you could not brook. Again. there are those of a great, rude scrawi, That perhaps bring the most real comfort of all. Some are filled with gossip, light as air; Some are weighted down, by a tale of care. Some are filled with stories, playful jest, Some set the readers heart at rest. Some are filled with girlish life, and fun, Yet the postman's glad, when day is done. For the elements ever must he meet, Whether 'tis sunshine, rain or sleet. As he carries the missives of joy or woe, Treading the pavement, so weary, I know, For he knows not their import, nor cares be much, "I‘is his line'of business, and held as such. —Ht'ldeyarde. Dear Nieccs and Nephews.-—To say I was surprised at the non-appearance of our department in the last VISITOR would but partly describe my condi- tion "after reading the table of con- tents and carefully looking the paper through. As I was quite positive there was material on hand, the only conclusion Icould arrive at was that “some one had blundered.” It is said the author of the above quotation is indebted to Prime Minis- ter Gladstone for his titular reward. N ow I like the sound of plain Alfred Tennyson better than Baron Tenny- son, but fortunately all do not agree with me. That the poet is deserving all the honor that may fall to him in his old S; For over thirty years he has been poet laureate of England and now he receives an heriditary title, and is re-’ membered among her peers. But itis as the author of “In Memoriam” not as Lord Tennyson, that he will be re-l membered. 9 I was greatly pleased at the appear- ; ance of the department in January is- g sues and gladly welcomed Grandpa: and the “Cousins” with their logiei and encouraging words. Sunfiowe’s article in this number should have appeared before, but i through some mistake was left out. As we know it to be of good material do not think the delay will affect iti- value. Dear Aunt Prue:-—I have never lost my interest in the Youth’s depart- ment and hive been grieved to think that I had neither time or talent to devote to it, but your suggestion that we discuss the temperance question has given me alittle hope, as I have an essay upon the subject. already prepared for school and I will send it to you to decide whether it is worth printing or not, for subjects at school are given us for discus sion and half the pupils take one side and half the other. I like thir- manner of treating them as it is much easier for me to ‘argue’ than it is to sit down and write an essay on spring or some such subject. Perhaps with your consent some of the cousins may like to treat the subject of temperance as expressed in our resolution. Resolved. That intemperance is a greater evil than war. This resolution seems to me almost an axiom, there are so few who are not in some way made to feel the evil of intemperance, while in our own land, at least, there are many who scarcely know what horror the word war implies. I will now give the principal reasons why either is an evil. War is an evil: (1.) Be- cause it destroys homes and devastates the country; (2.) It causes great loss of life and capital, and (3.) It checks, for the time beirg, all progress in the: arts and sciences. i Intemperance is an evil: (1 ) Be-5 causeit degrades those who indulge! in it mentally, morally and physic- ally. (2.) It destroys health and for 3 tune, and (3) It induces pauperisml and crime. That intemperance is the greater evil is shown in the fact that , it works without ceasing, and requires ; constant vigilanceto prevent its in- crease while war carries on its work of destruction only for a time, and is I. ofless frequent occurrence now than) formerly. I think that one of thel most to be dreaded dangers of intem— perance. is the fact that it makes its} first approaches so enticing that its; victim is powerless before he fears any 3 harm. The loss of life through it, isf very great, even without counting the deaths by accidents, caused by drunken engineers, conductors, cap- tains,&c. Think of this one item; in the city of Liverpool, England, there were one hundred and forty- seven deaths of young children in one year caused by the drunken carc- lessness of their parents. “It puts to shame the (hnquerors, Who slay their scores below, For it has deluged millions, With its lava tide of woe.” The money wasted on liquor in‘-tfis country alone, is something over six millions of dollars annually, all of which is made by the direct destruc- tion of bread studs and does not add one dollar to the national wealth, its only result being more paupers, and fuller prisons. It has been said that were it not fl1' the making of grain, potatoes, &c , into liquors, there would be an overproduction of these articles, but I think an old farmer an- swered this objection, rather forcibly perhaps, but in a practical way, by saying, that we could “raise more hogs and less hell.” I think that intem- perance checks prog sees more effectually than war, for many who might have become great authors, ar- tists, inventors or statesmen, not to mention the multitudes who might at least, have made worthy citizens, have, instead, made them elves a curse to society. War does not degrade those who fight in a just cause. What grander spectacle does life afford than that of men bravely fighting for their homes and their country. On the contrary, intemperance always degrades when it does not kill; and is the chief cause of wretched homes, destroys industry, increases pauperism and aggravates crime. What more disgusting sight is there than that of a man deliber- ately drinking away his life and in- tellect, for no other purpose than the gratification of an appetite. I take the term intemperance to mean the use of fermented liquors which is the general acceptation of the word, but strictly speaking intemperance is ‘excess in any kind of action or in- dulgence.’ Give the word this mean- ing, and we have the cause of nearly all evil, for there are very few things that are evils, unless excessively in- dulged in. It is the intemperate use of food that makes a glutton, the in- temperate love of money that makes a miser, the intemperate-use of liquor that makes a drunkard, and the in- temperate indulgence of passion that causes war. Thus giving intemper- age, I with others affirm. ance its broadest meaning. We have TEE GRANGE VISITQB. the one great evil to which mankind is subject and which is capable of making all good things evil; even turning religion into bigotry, and thereby causing the most cruel of all e wars. 1’ Yours affectionately, SU.\'F.Lowi-2R. Dec. 24, 1883. Recollections for ‘-The Boys." One November day, over thirty years ago, a boy came into a szorein a coun- try vill«ge in this State with a letter from his brother who was doing a small business in the backwoods of Penn:-ylvanis, telling usto let thi- b »y have goods to me amount of $50, and he would guarantee the payment of them, We began talking to the boy P about what he wished and oxpected to do. He was not over fifteen years old, tall, thin, and permamntly lame in 0 one leg, so that he had to uses cane to walk. Thinly and poorly clad, and looking as though he wa almost frozen, yet he was bright, cheery and full of hope. He told us his parents were dead, and he had been liv.ng with this brother who sent the letter to us, doing chores at the house and store and tryingto help enough to pay for his living. A peddler had recently come to their cross road store, who was sick and “ dead broke.” He stay- ed at the little tavern for a few days. when an opportunity occurring for him totake charge of agang of men in a logging camp. he offered to sell 1) his horse, wagon and harness and a few sundries very cheap. Charlie (for that was his name) finally pre- vailed upon his brother to buy out the whole establishment for him for $35, taking his note for one year. He had b come to usto buy goods and go ped— 1 dling. We looked out of the door; there was an old grey horse, so thin that it seemed as though every wind might blow through him; an old di— 0 lnpidated peddler’s wagon and harness to m-itch—the whole thing taken to- gether presented about as cheerless g and unpromising an outlook as we 1 had ever seen. On talking with Charlie we found he was brim full of hope; he thought he had made the biggest kind of “bonanza” strike in a buying out that establi hment. He said he knew he could make money; that he could stay at the farmers’ houses nights. and his lodging would r cost him very little, and that although there was not much money in that FPCIAO", he would trade for anvthing the people would part with and bring it to tn. He was so hipt-flll and pos- itive that we l-egan to think thatthe right stutfwas in him, and remem-, bering that “where there was a will there was a way,” we told him that we would sell him. He put his horse in our stable, took his lunch out of his overcoat pocket, ate it, and was ready for “business.” We haxe laughed with him hund- reds of times since then over that after- noon-‘s purchases. We had a lot of tinseljewelry that had come out of astore that was burned in the great s fire at Oswego. There were seven large drawers full of it that we had I bought for $10 a drawer. The prices that M e placed upon thejewelry,msde his face laugh all over. “VVhy,” says he,“I can make a lot of money out of these things.” Well, the short of it was that the next morning he start- ee off in high spirits with 9. load of stuff‘ that we had sold him that a- mounted to about $10’). In a little over a week he came back, his wagon loaded down with butter, cheese, lard wool, and also sheep, calf, deer, mink, muskrat, fox and raccoon skins. He had trided horses three times, and had a very fair, serviceable bay horse. We took all this country produce he had collected in settlement, and found he had made about $60 for the week's work, besides the difference in the value of the horse. He went on through the winter and next summer buying. b selling and trading, until he had made about $650. One day he told us that his business had increased so much and the wear and tear from con stant exposurere and traveling was so great he could not stand it much long- 8 er,and he had bought out a l-ttle log p grocery on the Sinnamahoning, a creek overin the lumber regions of Penn- sylvania. From that point he went on and on. He became a large lum- hi-.r dealer, moved toa point on the Erie Railroad,and at the time of his death had the largest and best appoin- ted store in the village, owned a block of stores and a number of dwell- ing houses. The above is an unvar- nished story of actual life. Charlie, as we always called him, was bright, cheerful, happy, never looked on the dark side oflife,and yet he was quite lame. and With a constitution far from strorg, It taught us a lesson in life of what. could -e done under discour- aging and adverse circumstances by honest, intelligent, persistent hard work. No one ever said or could say that Charlie had a penny that was not fairly, squarely and hon£s‘ly earned. VVe hope this tale from real life may be of service to some of ‘ Our ,Boys,,— that it may encourage them to meet- the diseouragements that attend a poor young man in getting ahead in the world, to bravely look all difiicul- ties in the face and resolve to over- come them. Do not let such an idea as failure enter your mind; resolve to succeed, Lay out your plans for the future carefully, and follow them boldly. Do not hesitate to deny your- selfany present plersure that inter- ieres with the successful carrying out of your purposes. In such a case there canbe but one result, and that is suc- cess. S i? O O h P B A V 8 A person given to fault-finding can tmgloy his taler t continuously with no special advantage to himself or his follows. It is never of much use to point out a fault in the management of ordinary affairs unless a better w- y can at the same time be shown. Mere fault finding is an ungracious perfor- mance filted only for persons whose minds are depraved. There is in almost every Grange, somebody whose special vocation is fault-finding, and he sue- ceeds in making his fellows miserable. If that tendency can be repressed,and every member enter into friendly com- petition to do the most good work, in this way faults drop out and the gen- eval tone of afiairs be greatly improved The Grange that has a fault-finder who watches for every appearance of wrong will do well to repress him by some means. for there is no profit in his labor.—From he I-Iusbandman, Elmira, N. Y. lic would know what Lives said and did, the debates were reported as spoken by the orators 0! the Roman Senate. the debates in both Houses in“ The Senate of Lilipnt.” the reported spec ches of Lord was composed by the doctor, whose formal period and baiancecijsntithcse were wholly unlike the pure. racy English spoken by the great orator. following into his speech by an Irish reporter. tend under that potato.” yourself, and independence. verse circumstances, and can earn a living in any quarter of the world in which they are dropped down; who can roll up their sleeves at almost. any- thing that cifcrs; and who can even st-"w on their own buttons, and make themselves a cup of tea when deprived who are really independant. mosthelpful women are kindest and truest; and as for a man, never trust removed from our midst 3. therefore, an efiicient charter member formed cheerfully all duties her, and earnestly worked for the best inter- est of the Order. Speeches and Reporters. So hostile wereTh—e old Eng ish Par- liaments to any publication of their proceedings that they imprisoned and xpelled several of its members for re- orting the debates‘ But as the pub- their reprcst-ma At one period, Dr. Johnson reported { as spoken * Many of ( hatbsm At last Parliament :0 preven= mis repress.-ntatlons of what passed in its ses.-ions. consented to overlook the reaeurte of those whom M-..u|a_\' called “a fourth estate 0' the realm." But their presence is even at this day uly tolerated. It is wi»hin the power of any member to expel them from the House by simply saying to the pesker, “I think I see strangers resent,” whereupon that officer will e obliged to order the galleries to us oleare d . Usually, members of Pirliament, as is also the case with members of Con- gress, owe the improved versions of their speeches to the scholarly reports. Occasionally they have been VICIIIIJ.-4 f some freakish reporter, intent upon indulging his sense of humor. Mr. Wilberforce the puilanthroplst who was short of stature having in de ate alluded to potatoes, had the iudicrous passage put “For potatoes, Mr. Speaker, potatoes sir, make men healthy; potatoes mak- men tall. More e-peeiaily do I feel this, ecause, being under the common size must ever lament that I was not for genial vegetable, the When the justly incensed memb-r omplained ot' this indignity to the House, the members would see only the ludicrous side of the matter, and reeled his complaint with shouts of aughter. It is dangerous for a speaking mem her to fall out with the reporters. The English radical, William C-ibbet,once bused the reporters ( “he called them reporthers”)for not reporting him as fullyas he desired The was that they paid him consequence back by not sporting him at all. Another member of the House of (ommons, Mr. Spring Rice, one» said something which riflecled upon the reporters. mal notice, that unless he publ ely a ologized he should not be reported. They sent him a for- e did not apologize, and was not re- ported for two years. An Irish member having made a speech in which several peculiar pa-- sages occurcd, the reporter, to e-.il public attention to these pecuiisritie-*, underiined them. The printer of the paper in which the report appeared being called to the l at of the House to answer for his offense, offered to prove that the report was an exact trans cript of the member's words. “ That may be," exclaimed the irate rishman, "but did I spake them in italic.-?”—Se.7cc(ed. HEI.l’ YOURSELl:‘.—L9aI‘lJ to help you will enjoy perfect Men who can defy ad fthe help of womankind, are the ones The im in any capacity if he has not with in him the true spirit ofindependenee, without which neither strength nor sweetness may be hoped for. In the attic of life there is but one way to succ. ed——light it out yourself. LAWRENCE, Kan., Feb. 2 —-All sa- loons in the principle cities of the tate have closed on account of rigid rosecution. The saloon-keepers of the State will not reopen. “Nary drop” is obtainable here. THE REAPER DEATH. ULSlPHER——Died at his residence in Alie- gan Village, Jan. 5. 1884 of heart disease Janrrzr. PULEIPEEB, in the 63d year of his age. norm-:3 PULSIPHEB. was a. worthy member to help build up the Order in this township bout ten months ago, on account cf poor health he left his farm and moved to Allegau illage where he has sin e resided. In his death his family on a kind and affectionate husband and father, and our Order one of its most valued members. The Charter of our Grange will be draped in mourning, and resolutions of sympathy and respect drafted. ENO5.-—Died at her home in Cheshire. Mich , Jan. 16th, 1884, Sister Etmrou Enos, aged 32 years. Wnxnxss, Death has entered our field and worthy sister, Resolved, That in her death we have lost who ever per- devolving upon Resolved That we tender our sympathies to the bereaved family in this the time of their sore afiiiction. Resolved, That a page in our record be de- voted to her memory, and that our charter be draped in mourning, for sixty days. that copy of the above resolutions be presented to the Gamma Vxsrroa for publication. Gently fold the wasted hands, ()'er the pulseiess breast, Softly press the eyelids down, Leave her to her rest. No more work. and strife, and care, Shall disturb her peace, No more yearning for the time, Life's sad dream shall cease. In another land than ours, Light has dawned for her, Where with bright ones chanting praise Joins this worshipper. She hath found this wondrous rest, To God's children given, She hath found the Saviour's grace, She's at home in heaven. ANDERSON.——Sister J ANE Axbnnson died of consumption at her home near Carson- W. Tl. It is seldom that we meet with an with its advm-tisml good qturlities as lfatrh». It has the adranlagc of the case ran]: ville. Sanilac county, Mich, Jan. 10th. She was a charter member of Charity Grange, No. -117, and held honorary positions in the Grange from the time of organizing, and at the time of her death held the otlice of Wor- thy Master. She was an earnest worker in the cause of the Grange, refined, cultivated, in society a kind friend and neighbor. be- loved and respected by all who knew her. in her home the center of all that was good and noble, the loss of her kind, motberiy care will long be felt. As brothers and sisters in view of the loss we have sustained by the decease of our friend and the greater bereavement of those nearer and dearer. Ifraolved. That in the deaih of Sister AN- DERSON, Charity Grange, No. 417. has lost one of its most useful members for whom we sincerely moum. Resolved; That we tender our sincere heart- felt sympathy to the bereaved husband and sorrowing family. Resolved, That copies of this testimonial be sent to the family. to the Sanilac Co. Jr ‘er- wnian. Croswell Democrat and Gannon V Isi- ron for publication, and that our charter be draped for sixty days. MclNTYRE.- By the death of Sister Mc- ixrrsn, Redford Grange, will miss from its ranks one who was ever earnest and active in its prosperity and adversity. Though we believe that we are under the care of an Allwise Providence. and that the Good Shepherd calls his flock from life's cold at: runs to a better sphere, yet when we re- alize the loss we have suffered our hearts are filled with deep sorrow. Conscious that our cause for sorrow is eight compared with that of Bro. Mclntyrc, we tender him our heartfelt sympathy in this hour of his bereavement. If-solv.-ed, That our hall be draped in mourning for a period of thirty days‘, and that these resolutions be published; and that acory be engrossed and presented to the family of Sister McIntyre. PHASE — Died Dec. 28. 1883, Mrs. MIN}2R- vs PHASE aged sixty—nine years. V\'irimEss, Our Divine Master has in his providence removed from our earthly number, our respected Sister, Mrxranva PEAS!-J, there- fore, Resolved, That we extend our warmest sympathy to her bereaved relatives and friends. 1-tasolvcd, That by her death, we lose a worthy sister and an honest advocate of our Order. and, that ass tribute of respect for our sister, our hall and charter be draped in mourning for a period of sixty days. and that n. copy of these resolutions be placed upon the minutes of the Grange, a copy furnished the relatives, and a copy sent to the GRANGE VlSlTOB for publicatxon. ._.._._.._____. THE MARKETS. Grain and Provisions. Nrnw Yoax. Feb. 12.—Flour steady, moderate irquirv from exporters and jobbers. Wheat. ‘ifi @530 lower; variable, unsettled; very brisk speculative ‘rading mainly in fay; No. 1 white, nominal; sales. M5000 bu. No. 2 red. March, :1.497a@i.i0%;6uJ,ronbu. April. $11254 @.i.i:i!.1; 62t.uoo bu. May. $1.1:';@1.159.;: -.32,u0u bu. Jun:-. $I.i6%@l.1ti,1.£. Corn. dull; Hiffr,-.‘e, lower; mixed western, spot, 5l@6«il/Q; futures, Ii'.!% f«_uit5~',.. Oats. dull, sh-ide lower; western. 4U@ 47. - ork, firm, quiet; new mess. $17 00. Lard, lillglicl‘, strong; steam rendered, $10.10. Drnrnorr, Feb 11-12230 P. iu.—Wheat, cash, $<1.0.l;‘1; Feb. $l.0~l%; Mir. $i.06;Anril, $1.- 08; May, 81.09%: No 2 red, cash $1.L354; No. 2 white, 96 bid: No. 3 rrd 89, Porn. No. 2 cash 545/, asked. Oats, No. white. 39%; N0. 2, 36%. Flour. Wheat. (Porn. (lair. Beo'pts ........ . . 300 1.000 23.000 5,000 Ship‘ts ........ .. 5.0 0 3,000 2.6tIl none ’l‘or.nno, Feb. l‘2.—Wheat, active. easier: No.2 rtd cash. $1 0lV,@1.07; F‘eb., 31.01%; March, 5':,.Ta:'l.16. 1884. WIIYTE. W.--nib-zm Ry , July ZL‘.-1-"a. Wr2rAc:_rh¢ ¢p¢ ptir--*..i6r«l Iron‘. you naceln-dall o A L.r..’oizbé‘as T0 article that so fully corresponds does the New Anrerican Lever _ of being made of that ]Il'(’('iIl1l8 metal Aluminum Gold: its works are offlw best make. and the general style We recom- Alabastl no Is the only preparation based on the proper principles to constitute a dura- ble finish for walls, as 18 not held on the wall with glue, etc, to decay, but is a Stone Cement that hardens with age, and every additional coat strength- ens the wall. Is ready for use by ad- ding hot water, and easily applied by anyone. Fifty cents’ worth of Ananasrrxn will cover 50 square yards of average wall with two coats .- and one coat will produce better work than can be done with one coat of any other preparation on the same surface. For sale by paint dealers everywhere. Send for circular containing the twelve beautiful tints. Manufactured only by ALAnas'rrNr-: Cc M. B. Cntuscrr. Manager, juyl-tf. Grand Rapids, Mich: ((.lontmurd/rom lust urrk.) flow Watch Cases are Made. In l.‘a".':'i, thirteen rm-n comprised the entire workiu,-_; form rm-«l in the manu- fai'ti1rcol' the Jrrrrzvs 1}o.~'.v' (lob! lVatc/1 (_il$l'. Now‘ uvt-r_yiz'e Irlnulrvrl :m- (‘lil[ll4I_V'{‘(l, and the number is const;mtl_v ln\‘l‘(':tslii;:. The rea- son of this llil‘l‘t‘:l.\r.' is this: in tli(‘..]rirnr3 Ifnss’ Holt! lihfc/i Cttsr. all the ma-tul in sight and .=_jv.-ct to wear is .\-uli.-I go/r(,\\'lrilt~. the re- muimlcr, which only lends S[r\‘llL[[ll tn the nu-ml tlmn t-zisc, is of .s‘l.rrm'_:cr guild, giving gold wlu.-re gold is ll|'t'll(‘(l, and strong, clzistic mctitl \Vl1l'it' sire-iitgtlr anal clzt-"ti:-ity urc il|‘l.‘llL‘(l, :1 ('4vl11llliiul.ll!ll pm- (llll'lll‘_f it ‘\\'1|l('li <-aw /no‘/Irr tlmn solid gultl and ill. o.~.'i;-ii.u.i= the H»:-l. V31 . Ma: ,3 MAX}; ()\-,-1- :_'l)(),(llIll ul lii1’~t‘l'(lF('S YR 71; lmvc bu-n sold, zuul <-\'o-i'_\' _l(‘W(,‘lt‘I' in the country mu t(-sill)‘ to their quztllty and me‘ It" l'.r*m.~.'r:"ro.-:, .\iicn.. Doc, l’-. lR$l‘.2. E. W. lfzirsli. of the In-um.-ml, Imugirt at Jun. l5ru-is‘ Gold Watch case in yr-ursug and carried it. until a short tirmsagn, when l pun-l s--xi it. and N7l1i it to a custnunt-r. Tin: Pm-(1 show---l nu I-liflill of wear, cxw rt that naturzrl to am‘ 1'.-rm-. and I iuu HLll.l:la'c££or, Washington, D. G ' ' . ll‘ Is the only gennral purpose Wire Fence in uu,bejng a Strong lot-work without. Barbs. It will turn dogs, pigs, sheep, and poultry as well as the most. vicious stock, without injury to either fence or stock. II is just the fence for (arms, gardens stock ranges and railroads, and vet out for lawns, parks, school lots andcemeterioo. Cour with rust-proof paint(or galvanized) it will last I lifetime. it is luplrior to Boards or Barbed Wire in every respect. We ask for it a fair trial, knowing it will car itself into favor. The Iedfwlck Gnlael. made a wrought.- iron pipe and steel wm-, dafaall Iompotitionin noatnsn strong is and durability. s also make the but and " , All Iran,‘ ‘ or Sell “ ‘ _ aha an-pm and Hutu: an iron fence. lot In stretcher and Pool. Auger. Also unautho- tnre Russell’: excellent Wind Engine: for puns In winter, or gen ed engines mt mania and or or ight work. For price: and panlnu an as hardware dealers. or address. menlionin r. nnawrcx nnos,nr‘rs.,B1cn'r:‘i"o°°-4 Ind. E.'i'l'l!A, became grown by myself from the very choicest onions, selected from a crop which took the first premium in Essex County,M:u~‘5., famous for rais- ing the finest onions in the United Stains. Early Yel- low Globe Danrur.s, per it by mail. $1.65, Danvers Early Red Glob», $1.65, Early Red and Yellow Flator Cracker, $1.65, and Large Red Wcatlicrsiield. $1.40, Danvers Early ltr-d Globe is both the earliest. the greatest crapper arid the Il.¢znd.~:o.'nrsL of all the Bed Onlonr. See-l of my own raisin-.: for premium stock. Try ll. farmers! )1: Seed Catalogue FREE to an. James 1. 1!. Gregory, lvlar-blelnead. llnu, PATHDNS IN MICHIGAN! You can Save Money by joining the Wisconsin State Grange in a co-operative purchase of Teas, Uoffees,‘ Barbed Wire, and many articles bought in» large lots at corresponding reductions. We have a flourishing agency just across the lake in Milwaukee, with low rates of freight via. Detroit or Ludington Lines. Send for our Large illustrated (‘at-aiogue, Mailed free to all zl.ppiica.utS. No pay for goods, ordered under seal, until received and adproved. BARBED WlltE—prioe for February: 4%, 5 and (5 cents per pound. Free sample of best (40 cents) Japan Tea by mail. Write for information, L. G. KNll«‘FEl\'. State Agent, 211 W. \Vat-er St., Milwaukee, Wis. Choice Gr-raniums or Fnchias mailed rass for 1481. All plants at lo\v rates. Plant and Seed Catalogue free. A. A. ABBOTT, Morenci, Mich. I f ‘T b'l't ;aIaotoHiI'l. P E N S I 0 N S 8:‘-nl(‘iusyt:zt1‘nTsli'cliryr\'¢w Lawae con, 1., BEEHAM, Attorney, Washington, D. 0. —.—._,~..___ ' ‘-»-4. 4.._'....._. .._...;- . :..' .7... -war..- -..§..—~...5,;—..a—c=~.ui»;-—-urns; 1 was NIAGARA FALLS Ara. 1.::1I':a I-v-nucn1cAoo&an.s1m TRUNK ,' W“ (V and onsivn '1-sum: B.A.l:I.wAYB. ’ - . é - VI.‘ mu: / Q ' s?i~4:a;: ,‘ - AJVAAIISKA . av-:::: -‘ CHlCAGO & GRAND THUNK RAILWAY |llVlt:. D»-cemlmr :3 -th, liasfl. I/-KDLL. TRAINS WESTWARD.-—CE.‘¢‘l‘RAL MERIDIAN TIMI. T114158 l£.\B‘fWARll.—€BN'l'RAL IBRIDIAN ‘HIE. V0 9 . No.4. { No.9 iv-..s. {NO , 5 No.3.l ;\u., No.11. ' ‘ . Day , Pacific H Creel ‘. ' ' Limited‘ Atlsntlc Vslp‘so B.“"°“' Efilgih Expresiilfixpruuu Pnss‘g'r. sT‘n°”' ‘jnmuél lllxpress Express Accoin _H _- W‘~o J4! iiiiiiutu-l for lllndlh. I ,,,,w Bay (my numllmn. Nimm “ Fun”, Bumdo, Ne‘ ehlfos. 1: mi: 6 h:iw- ll. Dining (I-Ar attacli--d lietwi-.-eii York,'l'oronto, Montreal and Boston. lcagri mi Bani» Cl‘E‘Pl(. - -, . . . _ Where no time is slluwii ill tli»- stzitions trains will ‘ Dmmg “rs on 3 and O “ Ht Banle Creek’ no, gmp‘ . Gxo. B. Run, 8. B. CALLAWAI. 1’ Tllllll:-l do not stop for p:i~s<-ng-_-rs except on signal. Traffic Manager. Genera‘ Manage! All Clilmgo ll; Gruntl Trunk traiiis are run by Ccu- E. P. KEARY, Agent. Sclioolcmft Mmh if ° 5 gum ESTEII EESJ l‘0lt ALL Ci.i.\i.\':'i«:.:, Fol: ALL SoIr.s,gALr.l’i.ANTs. l4".vi-nil’ SACK 1':-:.<'ri:n l~‘()lt \‘l’l‘Al.l’l‘l'. Ai.i. Ti-:.~"ri:ii IN (iAlll)l-‘..\'S l-‘Ult I’L'ltlTY AND VALUE. CATALOGIIE AND PRICE LIST or Au. "rizsrizii V’.\l(ll;Tll‘.S, I-‘RICE. “My Freighti lciivo Sclmulcraift, l-lautvmril .7235 P. 31.; Westward, 1n:(i.5 A, M., except Sunday. N08. 1, 7 and 8 will stop at l)lll'l\ll1l :50 minutes for meals. sell.‘i§.i§¥Il‘.1l"i.T.?§§IT?“§l?..Ii’li'S.51-fliltlflfiéf HIRAM SIBLEY & CU.,ll0El13Sl8T,lll-flllll Cl1l93£’.0.lll. TheF. H. MANNY SEEDER kill) GULTIVATDR Known (~vL-rywliurv as lllu l)\'~'[ ! if you want :1 So-odor that is 2\.I’4‘lll'.I.'l1‘,I)lll‘ that drum‘ honest wurh, one that , '_ has .'L [)t)>ll.l\'1‘ furl-c ti-oil, (L )l.ii-liiiio tlizit l|1l\.'Illl‘.\I-<_‘l:l.\.w' ” MAN N time this paper. NY MANUFACTURING co., Waukegan, III.” grass .\'t‘I'1l :itt:n-liiiiuiit Zlllll lllllll iiic:i.~iir.-, guy THE MANNY l If you want the Z|L'4‘lli‘y fur tlm lu-st Sorti- er. iii\'«-~1l;:iti- tlw ll|(‘l’ll*1 of tho Manny. THOU- SANDS IN USE! _\l~'n in:imlf.'ivtiire-rs of THE NEW MANNY LONG SEEDERS. “‘ltl\0|lf Culli- vntur .-\lK1ll‘lllllL‘llI. liiipmvo-il lthlim: (‘ultiv:iiurs, dz.-. 5' S('llg0l‘\. ‘9I;u-‘Ma-ha-illl. Mass. —SIEl]'J1DS"l Fm. me C 1110]-:N.——All mu-and E§vzii~i+'lirx. 1':-‘esh ,uml_ tested.‘ l'ri-:i< RoB:xrs,Travclin¥ ‘gent. A BIG BERRIES! ‘rue fanioiif CUTHBERT RED RASPBERRY Ami GREGG BLACK CAP RASP- BERRY, CRESCENT‘ and BID- VVELL STRAWBERRY, and other SMALL FRUIT PLANTS FOR SALE. My plants are very fine. I have money to raise and must and will sell cheap. Special terms to Granges, Clllll“. or combined orders. Address FIXED. LUCIA, Flux/7.1.ng, Illulzigan. novl .6m German Horse and Cow POWDE RS. This powder has been in use for many ears. It is largely used by the farmers of ennsylvania, sue the Patrons of that State have bought over 100,00! pounds through their purchasing agents. Its_ compr sition is our secret. The receipt is on every box sno 5-pound package. It is made by Dr. L. Ober- holtzor’r- Sons do Co., Phoenixville, Pa. It keeps stock healthy and in good condition. It helps to digest and assimilate the food. Horses will do more work, with less food while using it. Cows will give more milk And be in better condition. It keeps poultry healthy, ano increases the production of eggs It is also of great value to them when molt- lng. It is sold at the lowest wholesale price b R. E. JAMES, KALAKAZO0. GEO. W. BYILL .t 00., 80 WOODBBIDGE S1-.. DETROIT, THUS. MASON, 181 WATER Sr., Cmosoo snd ALBERT STEGEMAN, ALLEGAN. Put up in 60-lb. boxes (loossg, price EIGHT CENTS per 1b., 30-lh boxes (of 5-H). packages, Tim CENTS pet lb. YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN Can save money by attending the KALADIAZOO Business College. Fall term opens Sept. 1. Send for J our nal. 4 . PRESIDENT, Ii alamazoo, 5- Mich. TEE GRANGE VISIEOB. 1848 1884:. Winslow 8. Crooks, DEALERS IN GRANITE AND MARBLE, Near I... S. & M. S. Depot. Kalamazoo. OUR MARBLE “WORKS “'1-IRE ESTABLISHED IN 1848 and are the largest in the state, extending along the east side of the L. S. dz M. S. railroad from Main street to Kalauiazoo avenue. Our workshop is 213 leet long and was built for the business. “'e have the best machinery lor handling and polishing stone, _and we carry the largest stockand do the best work. Below are some of those in Kalamazoo and adjoining counties who have recently favored us with their orders: KALAHAZOO. 0 G C k WAKESHMA. Hiram Arnold o. M. Allen - - 0-“ _ John R. Culp Alexander Buell Est. Ethan Allen E5t- W- F~ LOW“ J. N- M6fld- Bush & Patterson J . H. Bostwick PA"Il-10N- Hon. Geo M. Buck J . S. Borden 5- F°1'b}19h Tudor Fitch Chas. H Booth B. Barrett 0- E3’ "9011 E815 J- Grover R, Buckhout W. R. Beebe & Co Sam’l Knapp J 98- McKee Geo. Bardeen Isaac A. Brown E- H- M0011 l - S0lJl11lD8 Hon. s. s. Cobb Henry Beckwith Wm- Webster Geo- Schilling. Est. F.W.Curtenius E. A. Carder & Son AUG-U§'l'A. Leroy Cahill Hon. T. s. Cobb F- W- Ford _ Let. G. B. Karclier Daniel Cahill Est. Samuel Crooks E5l"- W- 0- Sabin Mm 1911- A. Wheeler Willard Dodge Est. J. E. Edwards Mrs-K Vance Est G. A.Wi1laou H. H. Everard E. Friedman BARRY COUNTY. John Glynn Est. John Gibbs 0- 5- Andms M1'5- 13- Bl1DdY Rev. W. Gardner Est. R. Gardner F- W- 00111115 L 0- Curtis L M.. Gates Est. Win. A. House Abel CWVBD 3- G- DflVl8 Est. P. Goodrich Frank Henderson E“-T-A-DeRBlm6f 16380 Fifih Fred Hotop ESL N_ Hmdes H. Fisher Eat W. C. Gazette Hon. J. L Hawes Ihliug Bros 3317“ H3799? 3- & E- Hull Di’. n.o. Hitchcock H. Kirkland EL A- H211 l'- Geo. M. Hudson L_ Kendall W_ Meredith R. A Kellv Conrad Kshler MichInsanoAsy1um Mount’n HomeCem 0- P 14513509 E- MCPhBrlin E. McElroy n.s. Parker P- McPharhn E8t-M- Murphy N. A. Newton Est. H Phelps P- (95 H~ M05h6l' 13- B Pratt Delos Phillips Hon. Allen Potter. N- T. Parker J os. Schultz Samuel Pike A. T. Prouty M- S1mD99I1_ W. N- Vanevery Ham J_ Parsons 1,-3 Ransom Est. G. Williams C. N. Youngs. H. Ralston Dwight St. John ALI-EGAN COUNTY. L. O. Starkey M. M. Stimson 14- 13- 1‘31’0dY _ ESL E» E. Bovie JOEL Speyer. K_ A_ sum), Ent.J. (J. Bunnister B. B. Ci-onk Dr. J. M. Snook. F. B. Stockbridge EL Compton G. H. Compton Est. J as. Taylor C. O. Tyrrell 3- B- 011359 J- F- DOUII J, Woodmd ESL Wm, T311, R. Doud Est. E. Field H‘ Wood J_ M_ white Mrs. M. England Est. J. Gackeler Geo. Wattles F. W. Wilcox. -7- M- Funk Tl109- Gilmore RICuLAND_ Wm. H. Gordon M. D. L. Hollis F. T. Binghsm o. & B. Fowler Wm Green 8- Huntley E[_ G_ Fa}, G_ L_ Gnkey Est. C. V. Huntley V. Hilbert Est. Wm. Ostman Robt. Stimson A- H*"'V9_Y Efili J- H. Hunt Patrick Shanley M. R. Otis. J- 15- H9181“ F- 13- Harding c00,,ER_ C. O. Hamlin Est. S. E. Lincoln M. M. Bryant Tnos. Blaine Est. H. B. Ishzim Thos. Loen W. S. Delano Cooper Cemetei.-vCo J05“ Mooled W-V- Orton E W. Huntley A. W. Huntley 3- MODWSUG 13- -9- Prlmile A_ G_ Huntley v1‘h0s_ 0, Leepe, Mrs. H. Pierson Robt. Rouse Mrs. M. Simmons M. J . Noble Th°9- W- B01133 EEK R- P- 310811 ALAM0. Jus Stevens J. Stnflord A_ W_ Ashton Juims Haokley Dr. H. H. Stimson Levi Tuttle John L. Hill John W. James. P- 13- Bchuh M“‘- M- Williams 0sH.,.Eu0_ G. H. Vreeland E. E. Whitney, J as. Brown Austin Buell J- H- Wluson Allen M- Wellfi Est. Jas. Dewsters A. Ci-ane_ van BUREN counrv. John Hobden W. F. Winterburn. A. J . Austin D. W. Abrams TEXAS. _ _ W. H. Abbott Mrs. L A. Baxter John Harvey Daniel Heuding S. V. P. Bi-adt Chas. Brsdt Jerome Parsons Wallace Parsons Est. L. H. Bentley F. B. Csdv Est. L. A. Parsons Gilbert Smith. A. Csdy Mrs. 8. Cleveland SCBOOLCRAFT, Edwin Cooley J. H. Conklin Hon. 8. F. Brown J. '1‘. Cobb Geo. Carr F. Drake Est John Crose J av. Clark Est. G.W. Comstock David Ferris Est. l)r.W. H. Fox Est. Jesse Cross B. J. Desenberg H. S. Hitchcock W. C. Sidler Horace Kinney N. B. Eager W. M. Hall Est P.V.L.Skinnor Est. M. Smith 0. E Goodall R. N. J. Hall Jos. C. Terrill John Sidler E. J . Hemingway C. W. Holly Est. J. S. Thomas Est. Geo. Stuart. H. H. Hill_ J. Howard VICKBBURG Mrs. E. Hincklev Est. D. Lon cor Est. P. A.Beebe Mrs. M. Best Jas. Haynes Mrs. M. Mo arty Wm. S. Bsir J. W. Darling Est. Luther Kinney Robt. Moore Thos. B. Finlay M. Hill , Henry Lewis T. S. Nesbitt Ives Broihers John Miller Est.M.MergenthslerBobt. Nesbilt L. A Newcombe N. Nash John Mallow S. J . Richardson Mrs . W McComsey Hiram Stevens. Geo. W. Robinson D. Ste neuson GALESBURG. _ Mrs. E. Sebring A. H. hompson F. B. Austin Ezra Ber-kwith S. N. Vsnfleet Mrs. L.A. Warner Est. L. M. Hunt Est. J. N McClsry H. Watkins H. Wharfield Est. 0 Patterson Mrs. M. Rogers. M. Woodrufl‘ Est. Jss. Watkins Reineinber the location and the [inn : Near the Nlicliigau Southern depot, on Main street and Kalamazoo avenue. Gn.l}.W' in. Ben. W. Ennis. M. B. CHURCH “IBEDETTE”. co., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.. ‘WHOLE MANUFACTURERS 0F——— ‘ nd :w"r~. ~ *»1'?~vW7*._i~f1 TIE ' Patented June 13, 1882. This invention supplies :1 long-felt want for a cheap portable bed, that can be put away in a. small space when not in use, and yet make a roomy, comfortable bx-(1 when wanted. Of the many cots that are in the market there is not one, cheap or expensive, on which a com- fortable night’s test can be bad. They are all narrow, short, without spring, and in fact no bed at all. While THE BEDETTE folds into as small space, and is as light as anything can be made for durability. When set up it furnishes a. bed long enough for the largest man, and is as comfortable to lie upon as the most expensive bed. It is so constructed that the patent sides, regulated by the patent adjustable tension cords, form the most perfect spring bed. The canvas covering is not tacked to the frame, as on all cots, but is made adjutable, so that it can be taken off and put on again by any one in a. few minutes, or easily tightened. should it become loose, at any time, from stretching. It is fl. perfect spring bed, BL ft and easy, without springs or mattress. For warm weather it is a complete bed, without the addition of anything ; for cold weather it is only necessary to add suflicient clothing. The “BEDETTE” is a. Household Necessity, And no family, after once using, would be without it. It is simple in its construction, and not liable to get out of repair. It makes a pretty lounge, is perfect bed, and the price is within the reach of all. —— P R I C E : —— 36 inches wide by 6; feet long, 83 50. 30 inches wide by 6; feet long, 83 00. by 4; feet long (cover nor adjustable) $2.50. For Sale by Furniture Dealers Everyxvhere. 27 inches wide SEND NOW, if you are inter ested in Far1in'ng,G1irden~ in or Trucking, furour New Cars ogue con- New TOOLS :c:.°"", season, together vnth i~ecent.iml!P0V°- 6 o inents, lace the "PLANILT o Jr.” ‘arm and Gar- den Impleinents be- yoiid_ nll Coin- petition. tainin _32 ages . nndoverli thus is. " s".‘L'.iL],gn&co. ..,,,,,,E, ,,_.. 127 do ' . Catharine Stree Horse Hoes. Cultivators, Seed 37 2‘ Iiila. Dril1s,Wheel—Hoes sk Potato-Diggers. %-“=‘='=1 ldec6t . FEBRUARY 1, 1884. A Partial List 0]? THE LUCKY ONES THAT TOOK VALUA- BLE PRESENTS FROM OUR GRAB BAG: Silver Water Set, . . . Clizirles 1)-alilend, City Lady’s Gold Watch, . . C. Robinson. Ax factory, City Fine Bedroom Set, . . . Mrs. P. Grover, Kent City $100.00 Gold Stem-winder Elgin Watch, Hurry Croninger, Caledonia. Kl-illli Co. 0. Shoemaker, G. R. & 1., Car Shops, City $45.00 Fine Cook Stove. . . ~ . Maj. Lowell Hall, City $75.00 Silver Tea Service, . . . Mrs. G. Heasums. City A. Manley, Walker Township, Kent C0- Sewing Machine, Fine Bedroom Set, No. 52. We have not space to publish them all. Everyone concedes that our attraction in the Way of bargains coupled with the Grab-Bag scheme, is fair and square. Our sales since Dec. 1st have exceeded our wildest expectation, and the increase i__1_1___sales has more than paid us for our outlay. THERE ARE JHANY FINE PRESENTS THE BAG, so come and get one. LEFT IN MIND ‘WE MUST CLOSE Our Entire Winter Stock. 0 ——7——~—» We offer 18 Men's Dverccals, Velvet collars, at $I.5[l each. We offer 48 Boys’ Uvercoals, same goods, at only $|.[lD each. .~'\.T TIIESE PRICES THEY (ii CALL SOON, AT STAR ljunly 0 FAST, SO L‘()ME AT ().V(_‘l£. We have cut prices on Winter Goods so much that We don’t expect to carry over one garment. CLOTHING HOUSE, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Mention GRANGE VISITOR. selves of the most ext People who may reside at so great a dis- tance from Grand Rapids that they cannot conveniently come to the city, can avail them- ensive and varied stock DRY GOODS AND CARPTETINGS simply by writing us. All orders strictly and the money paid refunded. V l5may 2% of every description to be found in Michigan, Samples of nearly all kinds of goods can be sent by mail. ii attended to, and any goods sent, not satisfactory, can be returned, for the same will be SPRING & COMPANY, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. [Mention 11.. ‘.‘isi'roR.] Hines 2 Texas Arkansas! Low prl ces, long credit. Rich sgiicnltiiriil and grazing lands producing wheat, rye, oats, corn cxrtlon grasses, and all the Clllllfl‘: fruits, near schools churches and railroads. Cheap land excursions every month. For imips of Texas, Arlmnsns, Missouri and Kuusits, with all information. addre.-s J. B. FRAWLEY, Puss, and Land Agent M issonri Pacific Ry‘ 02., 109 Clark street Chicago, Ill, or D. W. ELLIS, Minneapolis, Minn ACME CREAM and BUTTER COOLER A combina- tion by which all farmers can make Cream- or Butter as we I as keep it in a nice con- dition until it is marketed. It saves two- thirds the la- bor. No ice is required as it . is strictly a - . _,--' cold water re- frigerator. The cream is taken from the top and is clear of sediment. The most complete arrangement for the Farmer and Dairyuiiin in existence. Agents wanted. Send for circular and price list. .'l1cCALL 8: DUNCAN, B choolcraft,Mich. lsprti FENNO & MANNING, Wool Commission Merchants. 117 Federal Bt.., Boston. Oonsignments Solicited and Cash Advances Made. Hand-Book FREE. R. S. & A. P. LACE)’, Patent Att'yi, Washington, D. C. " BARBOUR ” CORN DRILL. ljiiequali-d for .<'l‘l{l£NGTlI and SIMPLICITY. Drops posltivolyoiily()NEGraiii in a 111411-o-,i‘m.l:-w, .-irictn or twenty iiiclu.-siipark. Iish’s American Mllitual of PARLIAMENTARY LAW Is the cheapest and best. The subject is insde so plain that every Citizen or Society member should have a copy. Circular of commendation free. Price by mail prepaid; cloth, 50 cents; leather tucks, 81.00. Postage stamps received. Address, J . T. Conn, Schoolcrsft. or GEO. '1‘. WISH. Rocuiisrsiz. N: Y. PATENTS. LUCIUS 0. WEST. Solicitor of A.msrloa.n our Foreign Patents, and Counsellor in Pgtgng Causes. Trade Marks, Copyrights, Assign- ments. Csveats, sud Mechanical Drawings. Circulars free. 16 Pni-1w= street, aprltl KALAMAZOO, MICH.