xx): »-\‘L\.- ‘uxxxx -.1 -. \--.s~.-5.. ‘- 4 %_%___-5_. llllllllllllllllluml I All!” Hllll“ ‘-ca \. 4 \ “THE FARMER IS 01' MORE CONSEQUENCE THAN THE FARM, AND SBOULI) BE FIRST 1111.7 °".)TE]).” VOLUME l0,—NO. 10. WHOLE N0. 1S6. SCHOOLCRAFT, MTCH., MAY 15, 1884. $¥ [Printed b Kalamazoo Publishing Co.] Public era of the Daily and Weekly Telegraph. Coulbin--ul monthly circulation of the three papers, 72,505. Entered at the Post Office at Kala- mazoo as second Class matter. @1112 grunge gélisifur (EDTLAEGED) Published on the First and Fifteenth of every month, AT 50 CENTS PER ANNUM Eleven Copies for 85.00. J. T. COBB, Editor & Manager, To whom all communications should be ad- dressed, at tichoclcraft, Mich. Bemlttances should be by Registered Letter, Money Order, or Draft. §TIu's paper IS not sent only as ordered andpaidfor in advance. Officers National Grange. ML8TEB—J. J. WOODMAN,Paw Paw,Mich. 0vnasnan—PUT. DARDEN, . . . . Mississippi. Lnc'runun—HENRY ESHBAUGH, Missouri. S'1'EWABD—~W. SIMS, . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Kansas. Assr. S'l.‘EWABD—JOHN J. ROSA, Delaware. Cu.apr.am—H. O. DERVIES,.. . . .Mai-ylsnd. TREASURER-—F. McDOWELL,. . .New York. Sac'Y—W. M. IRELAND, Washington, D. C. Guru-Kuurun—JAS. DRAPER, ..... . .Mass. Gunns—MRS. J. J. WO0DMAN,. .Michigau. Pouo1u—MRS. PUT. DARDEN, Mississippi. FI.0BA—MBs. I. W. NICHOLSON,New Jersey LADY Assr. S'l‘EWABD—MBS. WM. SIMS,Kan Executive commIttee- D. WYATT AIKEN,:. . . . . South Carolina. H. D. BINGHAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ohio. DR. J. M. BLAN TON, . . . . . . . . . . . .Virginia. Omcors Mlchlgan state Grange. M.—C. G. LUCE, ................. ..Gilead. 0.—-A. N. WOODRUFF, . . . . . . ..Watervliet. Luc.—JOHN HOLBROOK, . . . . . . . .Lansing. 3.-—-S. A. TOOKER, . . . . . . . . . . Grand Ledge. A. S.-—-A. B. CLARK, ............ ..Morrice. C.—E. R. WILLARD . . . . . . . ..White Pigeon. ‘1‘nlus.—S. F. BROWN, . . . . . . . . .Schoolcraft. Snc,,—J_ '1‘, COBB, ........... . .Schoolcraft. G. K.—ELIJAH BARTLETT, .... ..Dryden. Cnnxs.—MB.S. M. T. COLE, ..... . _Palmyra. Pououa.-—-MRS. LYDIA DRAKE, Plainwell. F1:.onA—MRS. D. H. STONE ............ .. L. A. S.—MB.S. A. B. CLARK . . . . ..Mori-ice. Executive committee- WM. SATTERLEE, Ch’n.,....Birmingham. H. D, PLATT, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Ypsilanti. JOHN PORTER, . . . . . . . . . . ..Grand Rapids. THOMAS MARS, . . . . . . . . ..Berrien Center. J’. Q. A. BURRINGTON,.....,....'I‘uscola. THO8. F. MOORE, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Adrian. J. G. RAMSDELL . . . . . . . . . . . .Traverss City. C. G. LUCE, J. T. COBB, ..... ..Ex-ofiicio. state Business Agent. THOMAS MASON, .......... ..Chicago, IlL (}E()_ w, HILL .................. ._Detroit. General Deputy. JOHN HOLBROOK ............. ..Lansing. special Lecturers. Thus. I‘. Moors,. . .. .. . .Adrian, Lenawee Co. Stark Lampman, ...... . . Tustin, Osceola Co. M. L. Stevens. . . . . . ., . .Pe1-rv, Shiawasseo Co. Jason Woodman, . . . .Paw Paw VanBuren Co_ A. N. Woodruif, . . . . . .Watervliet, Berrien Co_ Mr. Perry Mayo...Ba.ttle Creek, Calhoun Co, Mrs. Perry Mayo,. .Battle Creek, Calhoun Co- Price List of Supplies Kept in the omee or the Secretary of the MICHIGAN STATE GRAN G14.-, And sent out Poet Paid, on Receipt of Cash Order, over the real of a Subordinate‘ Grange, and the signature of st: Master or becretary. Porcelain Ballot Marbles, per hundred,.. 76 Blank Book, ledger ruled, for Secretary ._ ‘ to keep accounts with mem'ber8»_ ---- -- 1 '4“ Blank Record Books, (Ex ress pa.1d),. . . 1 00 Order Book, contanung 10 Orders on the Treasurer, with stub, well bound,.._. . . 5‘? Receipt Book, containing 100 B6°°1Pt3 from Treasurer to Secretary, with stub, well bound..........--------------~ 50 Blank Receipts for dues, pe_r 100. bound. 60 Applications for Membershlp. per 100. - - - 59 Secretary's Account Book, (new style). . 60 Withdrawal Cards, per doz., .......... . . 25 Dimits, in envelopes, per doz., .... .._ . . .. 25 By-Laws of the State Grange, single copies 10¢, per doz., ................ . . 7§ By-Laws,b0\111d---_ --------- 2” .« and Echoes," with music. Single copy 16 etc. per doz., ......._...._.—.-..---- 1 30 The National Grange Choir, single copy 40 cents. Per dozen ............... .. 4 00 Rituals, single cop?--n ------ -- 25 “ erdoz.,....................... 240 u for Fifth Degree, for Pomona per copy, ................. .. 10 Grauges, Blank “Articles of Association" for the Inca ration of Subordinate Grangos, ‘with? y of Charter, all completfip--u 10 Noticeto lin nent Members: 91' 1001- 40 Declaration of urposes, per 01-. 50-; per hundred _ , _ _ , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 40 American Manual of Parliamentary Law bl u u M u H (Morocco 'l.‘uek,) ................... .. 1 00 Digest of Laws and Rulings, ......... .. 40 Roll Books" ........................ -- 15 Addroll, J. 1‘. COBB, see’: man. sun GILIGI, Acuocncaan. men. / idnriulllural Ennrlmeul. THE BEST HAND ON THE FARM. Up with the birds in the early morning- The dew drop glows like a precious gem; Beautiful tints in the skies are dawning. But she’s never a moment to look at them. The men are wanting their breakfast early; She must not linger she must not wait; For words that are sharp and looks that are surly Are what the men give when the meals are late. Oh, gYorious colors the clouds are turning, If she would but look over hills and trees, But here are the dishes, and here is the churn- mg- Those things always must yield to these. The world is filled with the wine of beauty, 11 she could but pause and drink it in; But pleasure, she says, must wait for duty- Neglected work is committed sin. The day grows hot, and her hands grow wear ‘ Oh, for an hour to cool her head, Out with the birds and winds so cheery! But she must get dinner and make her bread. The busy men in the hay field working. If they saw her sitting with idle hand, Would call her lazy, and call it shirking, And she never could make them understand. But after the strife and weary tussle With life is done, and she lies at rest, The nation’s brain and heart and muscle- Her sons an<1daughters—:-hall call her blast. And I think the sweetestjoy of heaven, The rarest bliss of eternal life, And the fairest crown of all will be given Unto the wayworn farmer's wife. —ELLA WHEELER. The Farmers of To-Day. [Written and read by Mary li.ll1‘o- kow of N orthlield Grange. No. :l9o, before the Wasbtenaw Pomona Grange that met at N. E. Suttons; April 9th, and ordered published in the GRANGE VISITOR by said Grange] Patrons and Frz'cnds.'——I come be- fore you to-(lay, feeling that we are awakening from that lethargy that has been creeping over us, awakening to the true dignity of labor, and compell- ing others to yield us the respect which is our due. Henry Ward Beecher says: “He who looks with contempt upon the farmers pursuit is not worthy the name of man.” We are no longer the clodhoppers of years ago; we have edu- cated ourselves up to a higher stan- dard, and true worth will assert it- self; but we must not sit idly by with folded hands, and wish it were so; we should act ourselves, we must take the intermediate steps, which stand con- nected with the accomplishment of volition in the end. \Ve set up before us an ideal, We are what that ideal makes us. Let us set our standard high. Wehave everything in nature to feed the eye with beautiful forms, the ear with sweet sounds. Let us feed the mind with great thoughts, and the licart with good deeds, for it is the heart that guides the mind, and the mind that influences our acts and deeds, so let us associate ourselves with the good and pure. and gather the sweets of life. Let the beauties of nature inspire our hearts, the incense of good deeds follow us as we tread the rough road of life. If our way is hard we are sure to find flowers among the rocks. We have the arched sky and pure air; health and happiness be- long to the forest and field; corroding care and wasting disease to the wil- derness of dwellings in the great city. Yet we sometimes, as farmers wives, feel that ours is but :1 lot of unceasing toil; that our thoughts have scarce time to arise from the cares that sur- round us. \Ve hear the birds sing, but we have no time tolisten to their notes; the bright sun is shining; but we must not stop to bask in its rays; we often envy the more idle sister and long to run away from the bustling activity that everywhere surrounds us, and feel that we accomplish so little in our nar- rowed circle. But let us take courage as we go on in the path allotted us. It is ours to beautify and make ourhomes pleasant. We may not be able to em- bellish them with the costly works of art, but we can plant trees and flowers around and cntwine over them the graceful vines. I have read of one little flower changing the whole aspect of a home of squalor and dirt; first the windows must be washed to admit the rays of the sun, then other parts were gradually made to correspond. The fruits of our labors will surely follow us; as we sow, so shall We reap. There is light enough for those who sincerely wish to see: then our aims should ever be nerved to meet life’s contest. and our armor ever ready for use. Let it be a contest of truth over error: the triumph of vir- tuous principles over those vicious and dishonorable. Everything we do is worth doing well, if it is only to sweep the dead leaves from the path- way of our lives. “'9 get back our mete as we measure; VVe cannot do wrong and feel right; Nor can we give pain and feel pleasure. For justice avenges each slight. Let us bear in mind that he is rich who is szxtisllcd with his lot. l<‘a.ith and hope will cast silver m_vs around him. and, as the sun setting in the west throws its light of gold over the hilltops and v:4ll+-ys, so may we live, that our souls will sink in glory, and we awake in the land where there is no more darkness. How.Seeds are Covered and Germinale. By means of a long arm, which spirally twists and untwists as it alter- nately driee and is moistened, some grass seeds, like those of stipa, litera- lly bore their way for some inches be- low the surface of sand to a place of moisture, where they germinate. Seeds left on the surface are often slightly covered by the thawing and freezing by rains and melting snows; the wind driffs soil over others, and and water washes soil over still others. The seed is 9. miniature plant in it»: slmplest form, and, as Professor Tracy says, “it is packed ready for transpor- tation,,’ and supplied with concentra- ted fcod desitined to nourish the young plant till it forms roots and stem and leaves. “For germination to take place, moisture, oxygen and a suitable temperature are necessary. Under these conditions the seed swells, oxygen is absorbed, a part of the car- bonaceous ingredients is oxidized, but is developed, and carbon dioxide is evolved. During these changes the solid ingredients of the seed gradually become soluble; the starch and fat are converted into sugar; the albuminoids are converted into amides.”-— Waring- tan’s Chemistry of the Farm. In the temperate Zones the seeds of grasses and clover germinate quickly at a rather low temperature. There is considerable difference in this particu- lar. Some germinate 9. little above the freezing point, while every farmer knows that Indian corn and sorghum and millet start slowly, unless the weather be quite worm, and that the seeds will decay ifkept wet and cold. These are sub-tropical grasses. Old and light seeds oflen sprout quickly, but produce weak plants. Dry seeds will endure much cold, wet or green seeds will endure but little. Seeds may be covered much deeper in a sandy soil than in clay, deeper in a rather dry soil than in a wet one. The seeds of grasses and clover are quite small, and should seldom be covered more than the eight to the fourth of an inch deep. Whether a seed is liable to grow or not depends much on how it was cured and the nature of the place where it has been stored. W. J. BEAL. Sorghum Doings. Proofs of the profit of sorghum cul- ture and manufacture were given in the last Ilerald. To these we add an- other. John G. Clark near Cham- paign. Illinois, in 1882 raised 12% acres of Early Orange cane, which produced 151 tons. The cost of this cane and its manufacture, including all labor, wear of machinery, interest on capital, bar- rels for the 9 600 pounds of sugar made and for the 1,450 gallons of syrup, was $653 57. The value of the product was $1.396, leaving a profit on the 12; acres of $743.57. Some wonder why people do not go into the business more gen- erally. For the same reason that our fathers did not go into the co-operative creamery business. Not fully under- stood. Wisely or unwiscly, large numbers do not go into new methods of business, till proofs of profitableness have been widely and numerously shown. We know of thirteen large establish- ments for manufacturing sugar or syrup, or both, from northern cane. There are more. Around each are groups of farmers raising the cane. Some of these establishments have run for years, most of them are new. None have failed. Most, if not all of them. are enlarging their plans: for an- other year. They find difficulties, and they also find ways of surmount- ing them. They are mastering Na- ture's secrets. Their location. In Illinois there are two, at Lhampaign and Edward ville; in Ohio two, at Geneva and Jeff- erson; ln Wisconsin three,-at Madison, Fon Du Lac, Esofea; one at Warrens- burg, Mo.; Cedar Falls, Iowa; Rio Grande, N. J.; Hudson, Mich.; Ster- ling, Kansas; and San Francisco. Cal. Their number will by a large factor multiply annually. Yet there is small occasion of boast- ing, as yet. Sorghum sweets are a small item in our country’s produc- tions. They claim only a trifle of the $130,000,000 to $150,000,000 which we pay for foreign sugars.—Grand Haven Herald. Hints on Sorghum Growing. Dr. R. C. K-:-(lzie. Prepare soil the seine as for a crop of corn, only plant closer——the hills should not be more {wan forty inches apart each way because the cane throws up a large number of suckers or sprouts when planted four feet apart, and the sprouts that do not ripen, are not only useless but a damage in making sugar. Plant as early as possible, avoiding danger of front, as the young plant is very tender and easily killed by frost. Plant shallow—about- half as deep as corn. Four stalks in the hill give best results. It can be planted in bills or drills. I have used both methods, and think the drills give rather better re suits, the drills should not be more than 3; feet apart. The cane requires the same cultiva tion as corn, or rather broom-corn. which it closely resembles in its mode of growth. If planted in drill.-3, an ingenious farmer can make a cultiva for out of an ordinary three tooth cul- Livator, which will save 9. good deal of hard work for the first lioelug. Take off‘ the teeth or shovels; cut the forward tooth-shank some six inches shorter than in common use; make a double or two-winged share out of two boards8 inches wide and 30 inches long to bolt to the outside oftbe shanks of the cultivator, meeting in front. The bottom of each board is beveled from within so as to form a sharp cut- ting edge to throw the dirt and weeds outward on both sides of the cultiva tor. This cutting edge on the bottom is made sharper by bolting or screw ing a strip ofiron or steel along the outside. Where these wings meet in front, the bottom of the angle is cut away for five or six inches so as to leave a tri- angular space for the row of cane, so that the cultivator may pass over the cane without iuj ury to the plant, and throw the weeds and dirt away from the plant, leaving a space of only two inches on each side of the row undis- turbed. Such a cultivator will reduce great- ly the labor of the fir.-xt cultivation and hoeing, and it is the first hoeing that costs. A cultivator which will cut close to the prlll and throw the weeds away from. the row, will leave the work so zjéarly done that two men with hoes can keep up with the cul- tivator. A pair of thills attached with side draught, like the ordinary rig for cut- ters, will allow the horse to walk be- tween the rows while the cultivator passes over the row. In the second and third cultivation the dirt is thrown back toward the rows, as an ordinary cultivation of corn. It is very important to prevent the weeds from getting the start of the cane because it is a feeble plant during its early growth. When it gets a good start it comes forward with surprising V1201‘. Barnyard manure increases the growth of cane but injures the quality of thejuice. Lime and plaster are of little benefit, while salt diminishes the amount ofcrystallzable sugar. The manures that gives best results are superphosphate of lime and wood ashes. These should be dropped on the bill after planting. A tablespoon- ful of superphnsphate on each bill will require about250 pounds to the acre. A handful of fresh or uuleached wood ashes on each bill will be nearly as beneficial as superphosphate, except that it willnoc hasten maturity of the cane to an equal degree. A Well Ordered Tool-House. It was argued in this column a few weeks ago that a. well furnished fool- house and workshop was a necessity on every farm. An establishment like this is not only useful in ‘saving time and money, but it is of practical educational value to the boys in developing their natural ingenuity. Some valuable hints for the furnish- iug of this an ne-x to the ham or carri- age-house are given by Ben. Perley Poor in The Cultivator. It should be on the ground floor, and easy ofaccess, that plows, harrows, seed sowers, etc,. may be easily put away, and ranged on the walls should be spades, shovels, lmes, forks, etc., with garden shears, and a line on an iron reel. In one corner of the house, or in the story above it, should be a carpenter’s bench, with a vice. It is well to have a set of carpenter’s tools, and they can be arranged on the boarded side of the shop. each on its nail, or in its socket, and the form of each painted black, behind it. This shows at a glance what tool is away. and insures its being hunted up. A case of grocers’ drawers can be purchased cheap occa- sionly, and used——one for hasps, another for staples, another for swivles, etc. Twenty or thirty glass preserve jars, on shelves, make excellent receptables for screws and nails of different sizes. and when a screw or a nail is wanted in a hurry, it can be seen at a glance which jar it can be found in. If the shop is large enough a closet for keeping paints and brushes in is acceptable, and so is 9. turning lithe, if the farmer or his son can use 1 . For fertilizing salt, address, Larkin and Patrick, Midland City, Michigan. Farmers‘ Union. The following pap-r on the subject of live stock as a part of general farm- ing, was read b_v R. V. Monger, before the Farnwrs’ Union held at the resi- dence of Mr. M. Kern of Ports-r Mich.: “It isnot uncommon to find men who look upon live stock, and all that relates to it, as something entirely distinct from farming, in its ordinary signification, although not nearly as in:-my as they were 9. few years ago. Admitting the possibility of success- ful agriculture, with little or no use of the animal, such agriculture is slmnly a possibility, not a. probability. Few of us realize how closely connected with our daily life, are the domestic animals. None of us live a single day without making use of them, or ox their products. In their three great purposes. for labor, food and clothing, our farm animals have grown so im- portsnt that to banish them would be to entirely change our mode of life. Even to (ilspensc with any one of them would cause unlimited inconvenience. Not only is this true in a general way, but, as I see it, it is also true that the future success of our agriculture is to depend largely on increased attentio:-n to the rearing and feeding of domestic animals, and the man who fights against improving stock, or who dis- cards all interest in the care and im- provement of stock, is an unfortunate man. Stock raising is receiving more at- tention iu our country at the present time, than at any former period. This is an evidence of the spirit of progres< in the art of husbandry. Even in our grain growing sections, our farmers are learning that an in creased amount of stock may be kept, without lessening the production of grain, and yet not one-fourth of our farmers keep stock enough to make farming as profitable as they might. Here in Southern Michigan, where grain raising has been the chief inter- est, we have learned that profits can be largely increased, in a term of years, by feeding all the coarse grain grown to stock on the farm. There is also an increased inquiry for the improved breeds. No farmer with any enteprlse, will now breed from the common stock of either horses, cattle, sheep or swine, al- though, but a few years since, this was the common practice. Progress is a plant of slow growth, but when the mind is directed towards it, we have great expectation of good results. The importance of raising a better grade of Stock is evident to every in- telligent farmer, for the increased de- mand for American meats for expor- tation, and the fact that none but the best will be accepted, must be convinc- iug to every grower of stock. Then the great benefit that will accrue to the agricultural interest of the coun- try by the manufacture of 9. large por- tion of our surplus grain into meat, must soon be well understood by our farmers. No country can long main- tain successful agriculture with 9. large exportation of grain. The soil must be fed, and, without the feeding of stock, there is no manure to replace the elements which the crops take away. The farmer on the rich, virgin soils of the west, will hardly realize the fact that the soil must be replen- ished, but a few years of constant cropping, and sending away his new products will convince him of his er- ror. Stock raising and grain growing must be in some degree intermixed to render agriculture most profitable. We do not claim that under all cir- cumstances, each interest should receive equal attention. for many soils are not equally adapted to each. In such cases special attention may be directed to either, as the soil, and cir- cumstances are best adapted, but they cannot well be separated. In most cases. perhaps, it may be admissible that every farmer have a specialty, or a point at which his chief efforts shall be directed, and to which other inter- ests shall be secondary. That is, if his soil is better adapted to grain than to grass, his aim should be to keep his land in the best condition to produce grain. He should feed a large portion of his grain at home, to supply his farm with manure and to keep up its fertility, as a means of production. Then, again, if the farm is better adapted to grass than to grain grow- ing, in. is wise to make stock raising, wool growing, or dairying a specialty, as the farmer’s taste or adaptation shall best qualify him, and let grain growing be only incidental, as the needs of his stock require. A liberal amount of stock to con- sume the coarse grain, and to manu- facture the refuse fodder of the farm into a rich manure is the best economy for the farmer. There is no disguising the fact, try we ever so much, that the East In- dian wheat growers are formidable rivals of our farmers. It is better to admit this at once and endeavor im- mediately to overcome the rivalry than to remain satisfied with the pres- ent situation, believing that the Crea- tor in His infinite wisdom made this country superior to all others.—1l[arz‘. time Register. An English laborer was recently kicked in the month by a cow sufl'-r- ing from the foot-and—mouth disease, and was immediately attacked with the disease, from which he died. Preparation cl Wool for the Market. Clean and well bred wool brings the best prices. Wool free from dirt, such as sand, soil, dung and S\\'€2ill’)!LllS, gum. grease, burs. free from hard or bleached ends. is always saleable at full market prices and to reliable people. It should not be tied up too tightly in fleccrs, should not be enveloped in several yards of jute or hemp twine. It should be packed tightly in the bale or bag, but loosely in the fleece. A careful sh:-arer (and none others should be employed,) Will keep the fleece together. A careful rollv.-r will see that not a fibre goes in the fleece but what belongs to it. If a box roller is used, see that it leaves the fleece open, and light and attract- ive. A fleece may be pressed so tightly as to be rejccfml, by even a tznodjudge of wool, as a heavy fleece. There is a medium in all this. Not too loose as to appear “faggy,” nor too tight to appear “soggy.” In a word, be honest in handling your wool. Let us build up a reputation for our fine wools. VVe desire particular attention given to the handling of wool. Let it be well waslied or not washed at all. No mulling ofloose wool in fleeces. Let dead go as '‘dead,’’ bucks as "bucke”, tags as "tags.” Start a trade for hon- estly handled wool, and sanction no fraud on the part of the wool grower, manufacturer, Wool Growers Ex- change, dealer, buyer or consignor. Paints and Farm lmplemenls. Crude petroleum is better for this purpose than any sort of paint, and the cost per gallon is hardly one-tenth that of the cheaper kind. Any farm laborer can put this on wagons, carts, plows, barrows, and other implements, just as well as the most skillful painter; and it may be donein stormy weather, when out-door work is im- possible. Now is an excellent time for it, so as to allow the petroleum to dry and harden well before the implements will he wanted for use in the Spring. When it soaks into the wood freely, perhaps it may be advisable to put on two, or even three, coats. This would last longer, and is done so easily and quickly as to make it no great job. The woodwork of implements thus oiled will last very much longer, making its free use a great economy to the farmers, besides giving them a nicer appearance, in which all should take ajust pride. _______________ Humane Hints. Tight check reins prevent freedom of breathing and ease in drawing, and produce diseases of the muscles and nerves of the head and neck. Ovcr600 horse doctors in England have signed a document condemning their use. Blinders were contrived by an Eug- lish nobleman to conceal a defect in a valuable horse. and then were adopted by the nobility to bear their goal; of arms, and so became fashionable. They were no‘ forced upon any other animal. They injure the eyes, occa- sion accidents and are really a defor- mity. Horses are most frightened by unseen objects. Whv should the most intelligent of animals be so maltreat- ed? Horses in a state of perspiration should not he suffered to stand in a cold current of air, as they contract colds and lung deraugements very much like human beings.——Amerz'(-an Agriculturist. California Wheat SAN FRANCISCO, April 17.-—Mr. E i- win F. Smith. secretary of the state agricultural society, submi‘s the fol- lowing as his conclusions concerning the California wheat crop, from advices up to April 14: “From present indica- tions the yield will exceed that of 1880. Without some unforeseen elem:-nt overtake us, the crop will exceed that of last year 60 per cent. The only fear, now, is the usual north winds that sweep Sacramento and San Juan val- leys in May and June. Should these winds prevail while the grain is in the last stages of maturity the yield will be materially lessened.” .__._____________ Ordering Sacks for Shipping Wool. It costs but little note, and gener- ally, no more, to send 25 or 50 sacks out, than to send one or five. In ordering sacks club together and order 25 or more at once—aud give dll‘8Ctl0l]S for shipping as far as it is possible to do so. But do not delay too long to order a large lot of sacks-— do not wait on your neighbor—order your sacks. President M’Caun, of the Elmira Farmers’ Club, fed sorghum to his cows last year and found in it unusual merit. He declared it the best green food that he had ever supplied to the cows, regarded as a milk-producing food, and there was also the fact that his cows ate the sorghum greedily, thus proving its palatable quality. The best time to feed sorghum is when it has attained full growth, and the best kind of seed isthat which has full vitality and of an early kind- amber cane is of this character. ’-'{.v2.>‘-r‘ 2 rnuesases nelson. MAY 15, 188-}. @1143! grunge ifiifiitur SCHOOLCRAFT, — ~ MAY 1. Single copy, six months,__.____ 2-5 fiingle copy, one year, ...__--_ 50 Eleven copies, one year ____--- 5 00 To ten trial subscribers for three months we will send the VISI- rorz for--___--_-___.-._..._$l 00 For new subscribers, canvassers are authorized to retain one«third of the regular subscription price to com- pensate for their work. Sample copies free to any address. Address, J. '1‘. C033, Schoolcraft, Mich. INDEX TO THIS NUMBER. The Best Hand on the Farm —The Farmers of To—da.y——How Seeds are Covered rind Ger- mina.te—Sorghnm D.)ings—riiuts on Sor- ghum Growing —A Well Ordered Tool- House——-Farmers’ Union—-I’repa.ration of Wool for the Market ——Paints and Farm Im- plements-— lluman Hints—-California Wheat ——O:dering Sacks for Shipping Wool ... 1 Highway Work —W'orthy of Imite.tion—What Shall we do with our Wool?——A Talk to Farmers —-A \Vor<1 on the Present Method of Examining Teachers. . .... .. .. 2 Reply to William Strong —’l.‘ls as ’I‘was—— Celery Culture -I'.>stal Jott'ng-i—— I‘o W est Michigan Fsuit-Grrowars —Notice3 of Me et- inga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 53;’ School Systieid: Pat:-iFt.‘e—ih Your Note Book 4Patent Rights-—Needs of Michigan Agri- culture—Agricultural Notes— Green Food for Swine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oar Criminal Courts and “Jury Fixing.”— Our Eating and Drinking Hab1ts—Success- ful Co-operation ———'l‘he Cincinnati Roits— Lecturer's Communication, X.-itional Grange P. of H.——White Mountains and Sea-Shore Excursions —Adver .lSl11Bl1l’.B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 “Mother's R)0u1"~—Home—— A Dream-Chib dren's D.iy—Comunu Sense . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 Apple Bl0lS()m1—-“A. Little Talk to Country Folk."—F‘urest Nature- Crop Report for May —The Reaper Death —The Markets. . 7 =$oclau's Eiiiilmiul. J.T.Coas, - - HIGHWAY WORK. When this issue of the Vrsrrou -breaches it readers, the road making season will be close at hand. Some work should have been done at a much earlier date, but under the op er- ation of Michigan law and with the prevailing reluctance to do highway work except by compulsion, little or no work is done until the overseer has his warrant from the highway commissioners, and this must wait for the supervisor to complete his assess- merit. The fact that the object of road-work is to make a good road is more gener- ally lost sight of than that a certain amount of work must be done . Did I say work? That is not the right way to state it——a certain amount of time must be put in. Under the present system, highway work is seldom applied as a man does his own farm work. That is, so the. 1 a given amount of work will give the best returns. Water seeks its level, and when a load or two of dirt is dumped into a hole in the road, if there is not enough solid matter to ex- pel the water we havg only made more mud by adding more loose dirt, but that same place when turnpiked and gravelled vastly smooths the “path of life” to the man who drives over it 9. dczen times .s week. Manya man wears into a stick or rail under his wheels who were he to see a stick or stone in his farm lane would tell his boy to throw it out of the track before going over it once. Others besides himself are interested in the removal of obstructions in the public highway and the average man will suffer repeated inconveniences, rather than exercise any considerable amount of pu‘::lic spirit. If each man would feel a responsibi- lty for the condition of the roads in his district, in proportion to the amount of his travel over them, '. we should soon have highways very much improved. While we do not think the Mich- igan system of road making a good one, yet, if the business of road mak- ing was fairly well understood and prosecuted in a business like manner, the roads of southern Michigan would do very well. The average overseer dcn’t seem to understand that water and dirt make mud, and that water is always will- log, and in fact is seeking a chance to get off the road bed, and that what is most wanted is to so construct the road bed that when water falls upon it, all but the little absorbed by the surface earth will hasten to get off the road before used to make mud by passing wheels. Highway work should cover the entire season. A few hours work in each district judiciously applied every week, not in filling up mud holes, but in running a smoothing scraper over the road to prevent the making of mud holes, would be such an ap- plication of common sense in a busi- ness way, as would vastly benefit all who have occasion to use the high- sway. Since writing the above, we see, by an article in the Farmer-’s Review, that a State Convention of Highway Commissioners was held at Springfield, I1l., some time in April. The convention continued two days in session with an attendance of over 200 delegates. Some valuable practical results should follow such a meeting. The following resolutions adopted by the convention, are all the ones given in full by the Review : “Reso7ved,—'I‘hat it is the sense of this convention that the general as- sembly should by law devise some means whereby the labor of convicts in the penitentiaries of the state can be employed in preparing materials for and in the construction of perma- nent roads, such employment to be ar- ranged between the county and state authorities in such manner that the . labor of convicts shall not be leased to I private parties, but shall be under the 1 control of the public authorities. 1 Reso.’ved,—'l‘hat it is the sense of this Iconvention that by the judicious em- ployment of convict labor for such purpose the two important questions of the employment of convict labor and the construction of good public roads now agitating the public mind, may be satisfactorily solved to the lasting benefit of all concerned.” Several other resolutions were adopted. Among the number, one that will hardly meet with the support of radical temperance people, although the resolution itself is radical enough in the direction of improving the roads. The resolution declares, “that the 4 laws of the state and nation should be so amendei that one-half the revenue derived in the state from intoxicating liquors and tobacco should be set apart for the improvement of roads.” The organization of the road com- missioners of the state _was made a permanent one by the election of officers. Good will come of such an organi- zation, though it ought not to be nec- essary, it is so plain a case that almost every citizen has a personal interest in good roads. WORTHY OF IMITATION. Short Creek Grange, Missouri, has adopted a new plan, and it is a feature that we would like to see introduced into every Grange. In less than two years they have, without depleting their treasury, accumulated 250 volumns of choice literature. The library has drawn all the young f)1kS in the neighborhood to the Grange andmakes them enthusiastic for the principles of the Order. Here is a means of education open to the sons and daughters of farmers and mechanics that is within the reach of all and at little or no expense; and besides this, it will make them satisfied with their avocation in life and fit them for any position in society. It will be a strong power to keep them free from vicious associations and evil influenc- es. In this way, if, under proper management, the children of the rural districts will er-joy as great facilities for intellectual culture as the residents of larger towns possess. The matter is certainly worthy the atten- tion of the different Granges.—Frrrm- e1"s Friend. While we say “amen” to the whole of the above, let us repeat one clause, viz. “Here is a means of ed- ucation opened to the sons and daugh- ters, offarmers,” etc. It is well to stamp that fact indelibly on every mind; that every well chosen library is ameans of education to every one who comes in contact with its books. Doubly is this true in an organize.- tion like the grange, where the object is to promote growth, mentally and morally. There is an indescribable inspira- tion in the fact that some one else is reading, or thinking, or talking of the same that you are—and when scores of people are doing the same, the fact takes a strong hold upon your interest, and the items you thus master in common with others, make deeper impressions on your mind. A library of 100 good books, in every grauge, would prove most valuable in the avenues it would at once open to animated and profitable conversation, discussions, essays, references and questions. He who is naturally diflident, awk- ward it may be,‘-.n his loss to find words by which to tell what he wishes, in 9. public place, and often in common conversation, is wonderfully aided by even one book thoughtfully read. Many granges have libraries; all should have, and not allow it to be dead weight, either, but convert it into a live, telling force, and, there- fore, an educating force. THE Alabastine Company of Grand Rapids, who undertook to supply plas- ter to the Patrons of Michigan, have been able to fill every order promptly and to this date not one word of com- plaint have we heard that the plaster was not of first-rate quality. The supply on hand is still suflicient to meet every want, and orders from out- side parties will receive prompt atten- tion. The frantic efforts of the Combi- nation only re-acted on themselves and helped the business of the A15- bastine Company. Fair pl'ay and straight f'orward,honest dealing must win. Send all orders for plaster to the Alabastine Company. We think the best way to settle it, as far as all future cases are concerned, is for the legislature to pass alaw mak- ing its misdemeanor for any public oflieer to accept a free 0138 from 8 railroad corporation.——N. Y. Herald. WHAT SHALL WE DO WITH OUR WOOL? The circulars of commission men in the wool trade all indicate a dull business for the last two weeks. It is alleged that manufactures of woolen goods have a large stock un- sold on hand and this condition of things has rxisted for some months with no prospects of improvement. All manufacturers have become very cautious and buy only to meet an im- mediate want. The stock of old wool on hand is light and the market will be unusually bare when new wool begins to arrive. Nothing however indicates either activity in the trade or advance in the price. Tve final disposition of the Hurri- scn bill would seem to relieve the manufacturers of woolen goods of all apprehensions of commercial disa-,-ti-.r by any change of tariff this year, but that does not set aside the accumulated stock of niauufactureal goods or stimu- late a demand for their consumption. The time of year for shearing and marketing wool is at hand. The shear- ing will be done in the old fashioned way, whether wool is worth much or little. And the next important ques- tion is, shall we adhere to the old fashioned way of marketing our wool ‘.‘ VVhen the farmer has but lwo or three dozen fleeces, shall he tie it up in blankets, or if more, pack it in the wagon-box, or on the hay-rack and drive to town with if; to have it pulled over by half a drzen fellows who are buying for Smith or Jones who in turn is buying for some dealer or manufacturer in New England. Or will the farmer who has a good clip of wool, store it away in a good clean place; fix a price on it-, and wait for a customer. Or will the plan adopted by some farmers of late, of clubbing together and shipping their wool on their own account to some commission house, to be there sorted and sold on its merits directly to the manufacturer when he wants it. This latter course does not necessar- ly belong wholly to those having large clips of wool, for small lots have a better chance of reafzing full prices when sorted and thrown in with large lots, than when put on the mark- et at home. We all know a farmer with 2000 pounds stands a chance of getting better prices than the farmer with -'30 pounds of the same quality in the home market. Few good farmers now pursue the old way of taking their wool unsold to market as they have found it much more satisfactory to sell at home. Few however have a suitable place to keep wool, and if not shipped, must be sold in some way soon after it i taken off the sheep. The Grange movement have loped the last rr-ethod and though not every where adopted by Patrons, enough has been done in this direction to prove its practicability. In this vicinity for some three or four years a few farmers have shippe d their wool east. It is noticeable that those who first shipped are those who continue to do so. Nor is this confin- ed to patrons. A few other farmers, though not able to see that the grange was a farmer’s organization, for the benefit of fanner’s and deserving of their support, were able to see that the scheme of shipping wool to be sold to the manufacturer on its merits, if honesly worked, would give the grow- er what his wool was worth, and these farmers shipped with patrons and have continued to do so. Some of our people object to inviting those not members of the Order to participate in these business transact- ions. But we hold to the opinion, that in no other way can the narrow prejudices which some farmers enter- tain agaiust the Order be obliterated , as in some business matter where the advantages of cooperation are brought home to their pockets. At the last Pomona Grange meeting of Kalamazoo county, this question of shipping wool was discussed at length and the statements of those who had shipped were so satisfactory that all present who had wool expressed a determination to ship this season. As it seemed important that the work should be systernatized, Hon. James M. Neasmith was designated by the Grange to take charge of the work. He has been in correspondence with commission houses in Philadel- phia, as well as Boston; and is now ready to ship wool for all who desire to try this plan. Shipments from here, in former years, have all been to Fenno & Man- ning, Boston. This firm has supplied socks, in large quantities, to Hiram hipman of Grand Ledge, and he has distributed on orders. We are not prepared to say at this writing, whether Mr. Shipman acts as distribu- tor or not. But all who want sacks can get them from headquarters if not from him. We hope Patrons over the state will ship their wool. We think they will get more money for it and the price will have some fair relation to the quality. Perhaps we should add, if any farmer has a lot of wool that is in such a condition that he is ashamed of it—the right thing for him to-do is, first make a solemn promise to him- self that he will never bring reproach upon himself, and his profession, by having another bad lot, and next take it to town and sell it for what he can get. We don’t think poor wool badly put up better be shipped to be sold on its merits. A TALK TO FARMERS. We did not have much to say in the last number of the Vrsrron either about the independent votcr, or a far- mer for governor, nor did we find fault with the judicial system of this country or any of the machinery that goes to make up its stupendous and expensive whole. Not because we do not still take pride in the voter who has some col ti- dence in his own opinion and nerve to follow the lead of his own convic- tions, nor because we have lost faith in the soundness of our position, that the agricultural class of this State are entitled to a first-class representative in its executive cfiice. Nor yet be- cause our faith in lawyers and courts has improved or taken on growth wifh this growing spring weather. No alienation from our well consid- era (1 opinions on these several subjects caused us to pass them by. But we chanced to strike out upon a subject that has little direct connection with agriculture and gave :ome attention to the dynamife practices of our cousins over the water. We did not however entirely ne- glect all practical questions that affect the vital interests of the farmer as shown by our reference to the strug- gle going on in the great northwest between the railroad corporations and the farmers, nordid we fail to briefly refer to the political duties of farmers, and to this sulject we again call at- tention. 0.11‘ readers well know that the VIS ITOR has been careful to steer clear of evrrything of a partisan character and has at no time been charged with any leaning toward any political party. This we hold to be in the line of duty and of safety, and within these lines we intend to remain. But identified with the farmer for a life time our ambition is to encourage any scheme, and any effort that shall vindicate thesoundness of the motto of the VISITOR, “The Farmer is of more Consequence than the farm and should be first improved.” Improve the far- mer and the improvement of the farm will naturally follow. Much has been accomplished in this direction in the last decade and the Grange has been an important agency. Much more remains to be done be- fore the farmer will see the visible proofs of his influence in the legisla- tion of the country. More thought of matters beyond the confines of the farm is essential to a better development of the farmer. His legitimate business is now so iden- tified with questions of transporta- tion and commercial transactions that he can no longer afford to be only the convenient assistant of the politician who seeks to appropriate his vote to advance other interests and schemes of personal advantage. \Vith one-half of our 50 millions of people engaged in agricultural pur- suits we have allowed the several de- partments of the government of this immense country to be placed under the direction of cabin et cfiicers recog- nized as the personal advisers of its executive alficer. And yet after 100 years or‘ nation- al existence its most important indus- try in which more capital is invested and more people find employ- ment than any and all others, this great agricultural industry is with- out such recognition as is accord- ed the naval department of the gover- ment, which as represented by its money value, could be bought by any good agricultural county in the coun- try. Why has Agriculture no represen- tive in the Cabinet? Simply because the agriculturists have not as a body demanded it. Why are we rep- resented mainly by lawyers in Con- gress? Simply because farmers do not take an interest as farmers, in political matters. Why do farmers allow professional and so-called business men to manage legislation as legistators, determine expenditures and compel the farmer class to pay more than their fair share of the expenses of government? Simply because they have been so in- tent on the promotion of their indivi- dual interests that lay within the scope of their personal supervision that they have in the main neglected these duties as citizens, which cover a broader field. The most important question before the farmer to-day is—Shall this state of things continue; and the decision of this important question is entirely within his own grasp. Will the farmers of Michigan, in this Presidental year; when members of congress and State ofllcers are to be elected, be indifferent toevery fact, to which we have adverted. Shall we have some new evidence that the ag- ricultural class are more keenly alive to ‘the importance of the farmer and his profession, and the over- shadowing of their profession Ly the other elements of society. If we do, that new evidence will come in a more general attendance of the farmers at the primary meetings of the political parties to which they hr.- long and a more clearly expressed and definite object in such attendance will be shown by the results. Intelli- gent farmei’s need not be told that all complaints that we make are turned back upon us and thrown in our teeth With the unpleasent truth that while we hold the power and do not use it, we are estopped from grum- bling. VVe do not ask “what shall the harvest be” but rather this-Are you goi: g to take part in the primary meeting of your party and do some good intelligent work, having refer- ence to the advancement of the agri- cultural class of the United States. .~\GAi.\‘ we would remind our read- ers that when your papers are not received, to notify us at once; that we may make right the error if possible, and you be subjected to as little incon- venience as is necessary under the circumstances. Those desirous of changing the address of their pape rs, will bear in mind ALWAYS to give post office where they now receive them and also the one where they wish to receive them. VVi.-1 call attention of those who have not completed their house clean- ing to the letter of Prof. Kedzie of the State Agricultural College, addressed to M. B. Church, manager of the A19.- bastine company at Grand Rapids. His endorsement of Alabastine gives it character for excellence wherever he is known. It is unquestionably a great improvement on white-wash or any of the preparations for a good wall fiinish that are found on the market. May 6th, i854. Bro. Cobb:—As we read communi- cations in the VISITOR, from the different (lranges throughout the State with much pleasure, we thought that perhaps some one might be inter- ested in our welfare. We have a live branch established here and do not intend to abate our interest in the least, during the coming busy season. When this Grange was first organi- zed a number of years ago its rise was rapid, but its fall partook of the same character. However about two years ago, a few old members who had been faithful to the cause for many years, with a small number of new ones re- solved to rise again, and though there was nothing Phoenix like in the rise, it had a good root and emerged, by steady, healthy growth, into a grange of some 65 members; many of these are very sincerely attached to their Grange home. We rent a commodious hall, which We have just finished fitting up tastily, by the purchase of a fine organ. We meet every Tuesday evening, for mental improvement as well as social intercourse, and hope that if any of our brothers or sister Grangers should come info our vicinity they will give us a call, Yours truly, KINNIE ELLlS, Lecturer. Kalamazoo Grange, No. 224. No economical farmer will either work himself or allow his hands to work with poor teams or tools. He cannot afford to pay high wages for a man to hold plow and be of lige to rest his team every round or two Neither can he afford to have him spend alarge portion of his time in tinkering rickety tools. More work on the farm can be accomplished in ten hours with good team and suitable tools than can be done in fifteen with poor ones. I do not wish to be un- derstood that by good teams I mean to imply high priced or thoroughbred horses. I mean that strength enough should be in the team to handle with ease and without fatigue any im- pliment to which it may be attached. If two horses are not sufficient, get three; if three are not enough, try four; if four won’tdo. you would better get a pair of mules. One of the strong points in prepar- ing horses for spring work is in hav- ing their shoulders in a good, sound condition. With this to start with and soft well-fitting collars, there. need be but little fear of any diftlcultv in keeping them all right, no matter how hard the labor the horses have to endure. By keeping the collars well cleared of any dirt which may accumulate upon them from the sweat- ing of the horse, and by bathing them daily with cold salt water, there need be but little fear of bad shoulders. Ordinary whitewash, as frequently used, has very little effect except to disfigure the trees, says the Garden. To destroy the insects and eggs hidden in the crevicies of the trees, very much stronger applications have to be used. Soft soap reduced to the con- sistance of a thick paint, with the addition of a strong solution of washing soda, makes one of the most lasting washes. A solution of one pound of commercial potash, in from two to four gallons of water, is also very good. I do not consider it good economy in the farmer to allow any portion of his improved land to lay without bearing a crop from one season to another. Every acre should be in crops. Clover pastures or meadows that have lain long are not profitable, as they do not produce as heavy crops of grass as those newly seeded. A paying crop from every acre every year should be the motto of every farmer. d-ummuniratiunu A Word on me Present Method of Examin- ing Teachers. In regard to the iuzittor of examina- tion, the question occurs——"llo\\' much value should be attached to the failure of the applicant to answer the ten questions submitted to him by the ex- :uuiucrs." l-Every educator knows that, ill the public cxuuilnzuioii at the close of the Scllfml l(.'l‘lll, the bust S(.'ll(ll2\l‘S iu the class do not 2ll\\'il_\’S pass for wliut they are worth. it is so much :2 m:iLt«*-r of lllt‘l‘f’ llll‘lIlHl')', and of nerve or cour- age for the occasion, that \\'onf'tci1 flu-l the most Lliorou5.:li scliol;:r pussiizg ilie poorest ex;uniii;.‘.iou. This is so much the (‘£1565llfillllllllllllvl‘¢‘ll;ill<’('iSpl:lC€fl upon such a test offbc pupils‘ profi- rit-iivy in tliei1'stlulic>'. The timid at such Liuio.-', pass all :1 (llSi'i>lllll, while the bold go ut u pr(-n1i- um. .\ud l'(‘lllt‘llll)t’l', this is where the simple. easy questions lead by deg-i'ees, to the lllllll and more diflicult ones. \\'li;1t.~'li:1'l we say the-u of the juesvfil. lllffllloil of sealing the :lppllt’2llllS for t'.\;:llfllllilllOll in :1 public room, and, af- ter li;uidiugezu:li mm: :1 set of ten ques- tions on t‘llt‘ll study, deiuzmd of them then and there. to gl\'L' :1 full :u1swcr to t‘tlL‘ll question. An old and sf1<-cn>ss1'i1l tr-aclici‘ look- ing 0\'01' :1 set of tlivsc qucstious rc- Inzfrki-cl, “\\'liut if the l‘:ill(llfl{l.l8 lfzul fillltffl to :u‘.s\\'er e\'v1'_v mic of flu-in, it woulrl be no test of his competency or lllL'()ll:[lL'i€ll(‘_\' as rcg:mls teaching scliool." This was true. For many of tlu-so questions do not t’llll)l‘ilC8lllly- thing csscntizll to :1 tcztclurs qualifica- tions. And yet missing one of these irreleveiit questions, counts against the applicant just as much as if licliud miss:-«l an iiupurtzuit one. With these cxzuniners it qm-sliou is a qucstiuu— they all count alike, t‘S5t‘llllill or non- essentiul. .\g2iiu;Lbe1‘e are min-ls, like lr\'iug’s. tl12ttsli1'iukf'roui any kind of :i1i"iu1poscd tu.s'k;"or, like llil.Wlll0l‘llP, they ll1tYe£l.ll incoiupctency in regard to 2lll:~}W€l‘lllg any qucstlofis on practi- cal business. l<‘urtlie1'nio1‘c each can- didutc must :uiswer the Sitlllt: set of questions. No regard is paid to the ne- cessities of plirasiiig the question in plziiuer words to those who may not so readily conceive its import. For we know that two teachers, ultliougli they may uriderstzuid a study equally well yet they will not as readily ans\ver the same question, one may required state- ment in words difl'er(-nt frouitlxe other. But here before the cx:uuiners, they must be answered zislhey are, all alike, and on the spur of the uioincnt. This is arl,uitr2i1'y, and many an applicant drops bclowtlic required “seventy-fiivc per cent," on this zfccount. I In addition to this, the qiieslfioiis that belong to the Iirst grade are usul for the third grade. An applicant for it ct.-rtiilczitc to teach at district school is “put through an (‘.\’illLllll£l.l.lUll as hard and Lliflicult as if he were applying for it position as principal of a union school. Instead of the cx:uu1ucr‘s zulapting his qucstious to the grade of the certifi- cate Citlllffl for, the upplicaiit must adapt himself to the grade of the ques- tions put to him, be they ever so high. While this is unjust to the teacher, neither the law nor common sense calls for it or sustaiiis it. We know of on examiner, in zuiotho-r part of the state, who, by auluptiug his questions to the studies required, and by his good sense and fimiiess iu exauniuations, has made the present school lilW popular in his county. We have the iustzuicc of an- otlicr who went to an able physicizui, and got him to write out ten difficult questions in physiology, with which he said, he was gulf1g"l;o give at certain class of tcucliers fits.” Sometimeafterwards he sought the physician and requested him to write the answers to eight of those questions. The dose was too hard for him and “gave him fits" instead of the teachers. This wrll apply to a certain class of ex- aminers. Another class are nothing if not learned; whether teaching in their own school or examining candidates for certificates, they seem to talk to display their learning and excite the admiration of people, and they think those iguoramuses who do not under- stand them. Any examiner who puts the questions of the first or second gl'd(l(5, to applicants in the third grade, ought to foseliis position. Or one who out of iorty-eight applicants rejects thirty-two as disqualified, ought him- self to be examined as to his educa- tional soundness and fitness for his office. \'\'e lllilkc no pica for ignorant tewy-ii- ers, but would denounce unfairness or stupidity Lliat does not try or see fit to discover merit in ‘teachers wherever it exists. ’l‘liissysLe1nul' catcchfsing or examination by written slip, is very misleading, if we are to take its results as anindex to the competency of the teacher. The art of asking questions on asubject or study, so as to bring out in the answers, an assurance that the questioned fully understands the study, this art I say, is a rare one. The great Inural philosopher, Socrates, who pos- sessed this art in perfection, left no successor. We have those who are more or less gifted in it; and they al- ways evince it by expressing them- selves clearly and understandingly on any subject, whether talking with the /. 4' I 4”‘-" «.1 " ~. MAY 15, 1884. "!‘H;E;GBA1€GE VISITOR. 3. teacher of a district school or a presi- dent of a college. It is one of the evidences of a great mind to be at all times clearly understood. And the timid, shrinking teacher who, when be- fore the public inspectors, is apt to forget all he knows, would, if examined by a philosopher, pass as well qualified; when, if the same teacher should come before an examining board of our modern "Dominic Sampsons,” he would undoubtedly be 7'e_/‘ected: For coming before the latter, he would be so frightened and mystified by their “prodigious” display of learning, that he could give but a poor account of himself; while the former by a few simple and comprehensive questions would put confidence in the teacher who, gaining self reliance, would pass at his best. V. B. Reply to William Strong. When Bro. Cobb stated in the \'isi'i'- On that a friend in lialamazooliad given me a job, I looked for something very difficult to perform, but when I read the mild criticism of Bro. Strong, 1 was sorry that he did not give me something more diiiicult to solve. He has not ad- vanced aiiy new ideas, but only repeat- ed wliat Prof. \Vinchel1 has said, with which 1 was familiar before. When I meet Bro. Strong, as 1 hope to do at the State Grange in December, 1 will show him the Granger’s ten commandments. one of which says, “ Use thine own brains.” As Bro. Cobb has cautioned us to be brief, 1 will only ask a little space to reply, and this shall be the last. Bro. Strong says that I did not give the words to show that Prof. Winchell has no faith in God, and therefore he hopes I am mistaken. \Vhen the Professor _ publicly teaches "that the niachinery of the heavens is running down, that the planets are dashing into the sun, that the whole universe is going to de- cay, and universal chaos coming on." it ought to satisfy any man_. that the Prof- has no faith in God, and does not think him capable of running his own macli- inery. Again, llro. Strong says, “that God no doubt could have made a world for endless progress, but has not done it,” as much as to say—he might have done better than he has——I would not like to say that. Again -he says, “that he who studies the heavens intelligent- ly, has a rigiit to believe that he sees spread out before him,the birth, growth! maturity, old age and death of worlds.” Certainly, my brother, you have the right to believe the moon is made of green cheese, but you have no more reason to believe it, than you have for believing the death of worlds. You seem to think, because the flower fades, the grass decays, and animals die, the world must come to an end. lint the Vegetable kingdom never dies. the vegetable world is full of life and vigor, growing better and better; and the human race is constantly tending up- ward to nobler intellectual manhood. Integral parts of these departments are passing away to give place to high- er and more improved forms, and With- out these changes no progress could have been made. Again, he says, “ that the sun is composed of materials similiar to our earth, but in a. highly heated state.” This is pure conjecture, for we have no evidence, that there is a spark of heat, in the sun, any more than in the moon. Again, he says tiiatl have not denied the theory of the Pr-)f., that the planets are rushing into the sun; but 1- do deny it most emphatically. If the earth was falling into that cent- ral orb, in the course of 100,000,000 of years. it certainly would gain at least one inch, but the closest observations that can be made have not yet revealed the fact that it has gained one-fourth of an inch, in that vast period. Why then should I adopt the foolish idea that the earth is falling into the sun 1? Another weak point in the Professor’s argument, which Bro. Strong adopts, is, “that mo- tion produces heat.” The earth moves through space at the rate of 19 miles in a. second, or 41 times faster than a can- non ball, and yet this fearful motion does not produce a particle of heat, and this shows that the earth is not passing through a resisting medium—if it was, it would be heated by the friction to white heat, and life on the planet would be impossible. Particles of matter thrown off from the sun move through space 192,000 miles in a second,and yet do not produce a- particle of light or heat, until they meet a resisting medium, and then the friction, not the motion, causes both light and heat. Another error held by Prof. Win- chell, and adopted by Brother Strong, is “ that arrested motion pro- duces heat.” Prof. Winchell cites us to the hammer of the blacksmith. which being arrested by the iron on the anvil heats the iron—this is a mistake—it is not the arresting of the hammer, but the momentum of the blow that sets the particles of matter in motion,that heats the iron. But Bro. Strong takes this idea and says, “As the earth ap- proaches the sun, the velocity will be greatly increased,and when it finally strikes the sun, its motion will be changed to heat.” The earth would thus add to the sun, by its motion being so arrested. Well, I can answer that withouta time-table. If the earth does not pass through a resisting medium before it reaches the sun, the arresting of its motion would not create heat enough to light your pipe. But do not be alarmed, the earth is never going into the sun. Bro. Strong closes up by saying that Prof. Winchell works in fields of science and philosophy. l wonder if Philoso- phy is not ascience? lie says also that he no doubt makes mistakes. If he has “ no doubts ” of it, why does he re- peat those mistakes, and try to vindicate them? I know he makes mistakes, and it is no trouble for me to show them. COIITLAND HILL. ’Iis as ’Twas. Old Uncle Chet. Moore, who lived in Connecticut, upwards of fifty years ago, was a famous story teller. We remember distinctly his story about the bells of the old Farmington Church, which was erected by the Presbyterians, about one hundred years ago. No one could imitate “old Chet.” in giving point to a story. The tones of the bells were given as nearly as possible by the human voice, in the vocabulary buzz, with which he in- tonated the sound of the three bells, by one, three and five, of the musical sale. I can remember the soniferious volume of his voice, and his apt applications, better than the language of his story; but it was told about as follows: "When that big Church was done, the people thought they would have a. big bell, which would sound clear over the mountains; so they off to Biston and had a big one cast; but when they got it up in the steeple, there was a flaw somewhere; and when they tried to ring it, it went tiz, tiz, tiz! and you couldn’t hear it halfa mile. Then they sent it back to Boston, and had a bigger one made; but when they got that up, it went tiz az, tiz az, tiz az! ’twas cracked, and the sound all fizzled out. But they tried once more. and sent the pieces down to Boston with another old bell, and had it all melted over, and put into a big bell; but when they got that up, there was base metal in it, and it went, tiz az twsz, tiz as twaz, tiz az twaz!” Uncle Chet. had his own application for his stories, which were generally depreciatorv of politics or religion. Though great changes have transpired during the past fifty years, many innovations are introduced, and reforms initiated, which rullis the surface of society a short time, but being opposed by organizations which are interested in perpetuating meas- ures which are antagonistic to the best interests of the people; who, after indulging in a. little desultory talk about political, temperance, or moral reform, obey the mandates of interested leaders, who draw the lines, while the people “ fall in,” and, after another year, administrative term, or decade, awake to the fact that “ ‘tis as ’tW8s.” 1 know a good old farmer, who de- clares: “ he will never vote for a law- yer again for any office.” But his party will “set up” the candidates, and, when he votes for the next Gov- erner, or President; he will echo the chimes of the old Bells: “ ’Tis, as ’twaa;” unless—he “throws away” his vote, orjoins the Grange and talks up questions of political economy. How many of us see the importance of making some little improvements in our home surroundings; but seed time and harvest demand our laoors in the field; the garden is neglected, and no trees and flowers are planted; no time can be spared for constructing contrivances to lighten the labors of the household. As the seasons roll around, we have our ideal of what home should be. Shall we then continue to plod on in the old beaten track, as we remember the old refrain, “ ’Tiz az ’twaz ” 1’ ‘V. A. B. Celery culture. If you have alight, active, horse, it may be easily trained to be worth more on marsh land, than a hired man. Supply it with wooden shoes; which are made from a foot square two inch pine piece. '1‘wo iron pieces, curved to the shape of the horse’s foot over the top. and bolted to this pine shoe, so the curved irons may be moved back and forth; these are fastened over the top of the foot by a bolt and nut. Trenches must be made either with 9. shovel plow or one-horse plow; or dug with spades——about five feet apart to allow the setting of another row of celery between when these are ready to bleach. Fill in the trenches with well rotted manure, composted if possible with different kinds of fertilizers; then cover these manured trenches, leaving the ground level. Set the plants in thin rows about a finger’s length apart. The pony may be used to harrow the ground or cultivate between the rows of celery. It will pay one who wishes to raise celery extensively to visit Kalamazoo. the chief center of this industry, humorously named “Celeryville” by a Grand Rapids paper. E. W. S. It is against the law in this state to take any grayling between the first day of December and the first of June. Nor shall any person catch any speck- led trout or grayiing, except by hook or line, at any time during the year. POSTAL JOTTINGS. Trent Grange is booming as usual. We received five new applications at our last meeting which makes nine since NewYears. We held our 10;h anniversary on the afternoon of the 3d of April, which was well attended by Patrons and others. We have done considerable trading with the Allegan store the past winter and think it pays well. The goods give general satisfaction. MYRON THOMAS. We have retired from the cares of farm life and secured a home in the quite little village of Union, still‘, we do not intend to sever our connection with the Grange. Oswego Grange, No. 437 keeps its standing of about eighty members, and is doing a good work for the farmer’s of that vicinity, although many do not realize the results. May God speed the time when all agricul- turists will see the benefit of co opera- tion and unite in the defense of its interests, Fraternally yours, H. E. RUTHERFORIJ, Union, Broome C0,, N. Y. Under date of May 7th the Secretary of Quincy Grange writes: Our Grange is doing nicely, a membership of 70 with average attendance of 40 or there- abouts, composed of members full of life. Our meetings are interesting, the literary part especially. We have an excellent Lecturer. one who knows how the business ought to be done and one who does it. The VISITOR finds its way to the homes of nearly all the different families. The many sugges- tions, etc., which it contains is heed- ed, as they are discussed pro and con so that we all receive a practical benefit. Hoping to hear more from you through the VISITOR, I remain yours fraternally. W31. H. LOCKERBY, Sec. Grange No. 152. Quincy, Mich., May 7. No. Jul entertained the Allegan County Pomona Grange on the 8th. The meeting was a good one. lirother and Sister l5rainard,of' llarry County Pomona Grange, visited us and im- pressed us with the idea that visiting would be one of the aids in this work, and that Barry County had some good Patrons of llusbandry. The County Prohibition Convention was held on the same day and called off many of our good workers. One work of the Order of P. of II. is to make independ- ent voters and break up blind al- legiaiice to party name when on the head of the ticket-. Patrons made a good part of the convention. lioungers will come in when there is money in it. )1. E. Otsego, Allegan Co., May 12, 1884. Bro. Cobb :— 1‘) Iton County Pomona Grange has been organized nearly five years. We hold our meetings quarterly, some- times oftener, with the subordinate Granges in all parts of the county. On April 23d we held our last meet ing with Eaton Rapids Grange. Al- though we had no program provided for that occasion we were kept busy in order to listen to all the essays with which we were provided. We spent some time with the question of tariff. About one hour was devoted to dinner which was not time lost as all seemed to be busy enjoying themselves at steady work and with plenty of music. We closed about five o'clock, well pleased with the day’s work. 15 _iclosed please find the essays read before the Grange at Eaton Rapids and requested to be published in our paper. May not the ladies’ discuss with profit the subject of “eating and enter- taining” through thejotting column? It is nota new topic, but one which must remain of interest as long as a hostess insists upon slaving herself, beyond the possibility of enjoyment, in order that she may make her “din- ner a. banquet, and her tea a feast.” Is it thus, in your community ? Do the neighbors expect a. sumptuous variety at meal time, if a few guests are asked in? If so, is it proper to cultivate such 9. feelingin the neigh- borhood? If not, what do you use to do away with it? In the place of seven kinds of cake, four of pickles, three of meat, etc. What do you supply? The law of compensation must be maintained in some way, How? G. May 10, 1884. Charity and education are good things; but the action of the United States Senate in voting $70,000,000, to educate the “poor white trash” and plantation negroes of the south, is a little too much. The war for the union was fought in defence of a phi- lanthropic principle, and resulted in giving freedom and equal rights to the negroes of the south at 9. cost of millions of lives and billions of money and now, if there are no better means of disposing of the immense revenues of the government than giving it to elevate States and people, who are able to care for themselves, it is time that Congress should take some of the burden of indirect taxation from the shoulders of the people. If reve- nues cannot be reduced, Congress better give more to the poor soldiers, who fought to give equal rights to the southern negroes. w. A. B. J. T. Cobb.-—I have read several articles in the VISITOR of late on "school reform.” I am sorry to note that so many are dissatisfied with the present school law, or “red tape," as it is called. I have noticed that almost every one who has written on the subject has merely entered along list of complaints against the “county board of examin- ers,” but do not give one single sugges- tion for the “reform” for which they so much long. I will admit that there is “red tape” in the present system, but as no one hasa better system to offer, we will have to take the one we have and make the most we can out of it. These growlers that think the “peo- ple” ought to take the matter in hand. seem to forget that the “people" have power to improve their schools in other ways than by voting. If the parents in each school district will carry out the following suggestions,l think we will have better schools and less need of a change in our school system. Let the parents see, first, that the school-house. maps, globes and books are in good repair before school coni- niences; secondly, that they have a teacher of good moral character, toni- perate in habits and prompt in work; thirdly, that they make it their special business to see the teacher before school commences, or during the first two weeks of school, and talk with her and see. that she understands that she must make the pupils thorough in their work, if it is no more than the first four fundamental rudiments of arith- metic, other studies in proportion. lf these principles are followed, I think there will be no cause of coin- plaint. Let the “ lteforiners” offer some better plan, and we will all gladly accept it; otherwise let them keep quiet. ELEVE. liig liapids, May 1, 1Ss4. ln reading the advice of l-2.1’. Wil- liains in the "Postal Jottings” of May 1st, that farmers should leave the pol- itical campaign to lawyers and 'politi- clans as we have in the past, and work hand in hand to make two speres of grass grow, where one grew before, I thought that brother was joking, but when he said “No matter if the fruits of our labor do go to enrich railroad corporations, to protect our infant manufacturies, and to shield criminals from merited punishment for their crimes, then I knew he was joking, and was almost willing to swear to it. Then, whenl read the statement of Bro. Cobb, that this was an “excellent jotting,” and that “we want more than we get of such,” I thought the Worthy Secretary was joking too. The advice given by the brother, is just what the lawyers have given us ever since the Order firsf started. They say to us, the Grange is a good institution for farmers, but do not meddle with poli- tics;stay at home, and raise a little more grass, and we will make your laws, and settle all your quarrels. Railroad men say to us, do not bother your head about freight; stick to your farms, raise wheat and corn. beef and pork, and we will fix the freight. Mer- chants have told us in this county, more than once, that we had no busi- ness to buy our own goods, that our calling was on the farm, and they would buy the goods for us. I think Bro. Williams will take back what he has said, when he learns how the Con- gress view it. C0l’.’l'l.A.\'l) HILL. Our Grange meets once in two weeks, and we have very good pro- grammes carried out. Some speakers want a great deal of room to them- selves, and that is the way with us, but if we are small in numbers, we are great in ambition, as old Grove- land Grange must live. We have lived for the last 10 years and he who lives till 10 years hence will find Grange No. 443 at work. We hold the 10th anniversary of our organiza- tion on the 12th of May next, and we are going to wake up the old sleeping members, dry about the roots and put new life into our Grange. Brother John Holbrook, our Worthy State Lecturer, has promised to be with us and you know that is enough. Shear- ing is very backward here this spring. But very few farmers have their oats into the ground yet. Wheat is poor. The cold, dry winds of April were too much for it. Farmers are trying their seed corn. Some who thought they had seed that would come every time, find it will not. WILLIAM CAMPBELL. Nice weather. Wheat em all but im- proving fast. Barley is looking green and more sown than usual. Outs all sown. Farmers are busy plowing for corn. There will be quite an acreage planted if the season is favorable. We cannot say what the fruit prospects are. Our peach trees winterei well but fruit buds killed. Our town elect- ed ». lady school inspector. Ladies were run on both party tickets this spring. Brothers, if you can get a farmer governor nominated, we think he is just as good an elected. Dont be afraid to assert your rights, put an honest intelligent farmer in the field, then all vote for him without regard for party. You have the power, why not use it? Don’t stand round until the horse is stolen, then look the stable. A word to the wise is suffi. cient. 0 dear! I have “run into pol itic.” AUNT HATTXE. Kent county, May 8. Now, while every thing is pushing up into light and buds and blossoms and tender green shoots are seeking new life, it is a wise plan to keep our good resolutions in regard to home adornment. All of us, at one time and another. have firmly declared we“ would have afern bed next year.” That time is here and no better season can be found for transplanting the bunches of curious unrolling fronds. Let us not forget to take with us a trowel, or knife, (perchance a. spade) on our spring rides and walks,and gather the common kinds of ferns. These are as beautiful as any costly ones. My experience with 9. fernery has been such that I can but wonder we do not see them in every garden, especially in the country. where they may be so easily obtained. A rather shady place, loose earth, and plenty of water at the time oi‘ transplanting, and one’s labors for them are ended; but their return of beauty are contin- uous. Their delicate green can add more grace and daintiness to 9. buquet than three times the amount of other leaves. G. The Van Buren county Pioneers will hold their annual reunion on the fair grounds in Paw Paw June 4th. Gov. Begole is expected to be present and address the people. Not a. single peach blossom have I seen this spring. Small fruits and apples promise a full crop. A larger breadth of oats than usual was sown this spring. Wheat is doing well but the yield will be light. The acreage is much below last year and there will be less bushels than in any previous year for a long time. Corn planting is now in pro- gress. The acreage will be increased over last year. “The political pot” is being warmed up and will soon be boiling hot, and by and by we shall have a great war of words over the tariti which seems to be about the only issue between the parties Quite likely farmers will do as usual neglect to attend the primary meetings of their parties, and "the machine” will grind out a full grist of politicians for us to vote for, and after we have elect- ed them we shall growl as usual be- cause our interests are neglected. D. w. Paw Paw, May 12 The monopolist organs are clamoring for a stoppage of the coinage of silver, and a consequent reduction of curren- cy. They claim money is too cheap and provisions so high, they can't be exported. Wheat 10 cents a bushel higher in New York than in Liverpool and the country is being drained of gold tojpay for imported goods. Why doii’t they stop the extravagent importations by a prohibitory law, barring all pro- ducts that can be produced in abund- ance in this country, which would be far better for the {great mass of our people than free trade. The only thing that saves us from the most diastrous financial panic ever known, is the abundance and clieapness of money, which is bad for the Sbylocks, who always reap a rich harvest by robbing the debtor class when money is scarce. Give us plenty of greenbacks and sil- ver, and we will weather the storm without gold; but we can’t raise wheat at any lower price. if it goes below $1.00, we must stop raising, and try dairyiiig and stock-growing. There is more not proiit in butter at 20 cents and cheese at 10 cents per pound, than wheat at $1.00, and far better for our land. REFORM i~:i:. The month of April has been dry and cold, and the wind has swept over the hills and plains of Michigan, moving clouds of dust, which constitutes the best element in good soils. The sand has drifted from light, exposed soils’ making great excavations in hillsides_ piling up sand dunes by field fences, uprooting the defenceless wheat, straw- berry plants, newly planted gardens and fruit trees. The foundations of buildings erected on sand have been undermined, and houses and barns stand all awry. Yet many farmers will persist in cutting away every tree and shrub for the purpose of utilizing a few more feet of land. What is the country good for with- out trees? Who wishes to live where the winter storms sweep over the land like a hurricane? What can induce a man with a soul,to destroy the trees with which Nature designed to make the earth habitable for man and beast! Do you wish to make your farm an African desert, without a shade-tree to relieve the buriiing shimmer of the mid-day sun? Do you expect to con- tinue to grow luxurious crops of grain and gr ass, without the aid of forest trees to conserve moisture and control the floods? Do you think you can grow fruit trees in a. country destitute of forest trees? Don’t you know that trees protect each other, and that the more trees, the more equable the cli- mate, the more productive the fields, and thelmore fruitful the garden and orchard?:‘.‘.: It is written that “God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb.” The great God of nature has covered this earth with a stately living mantle of green and gold, and experience is prov in g that man cannot strip Mother A As we value our countr_v, our homes, and the welfare or future generations, let us plant trees. w. A. B. Sterensville. To West Michigan Fruii-Growers. In view of the. very flattering re- sponses to the circulars sent out to the fruit—growei‘s of western Michigan, we feel warranted in calling a meeting to carry out the general desire for organ- ization: ’i‘iierei'ore take notice. " "T" A ineetiiig will be held in the city of Grand llaven, on the -.'".th day of May, at T r. .\i., for the purpose of organizing a West Michigan l“riiit-Growers’ So- ciety. The invitation is to all fruit- growers interested. By order of the following committee. appointed by a meeting of fruit-grow- ers, at South Haven, May 3. 1854‘ .i. l..\.\'.\'l.\', .\...\‘. l.)\'ck.\i.\.\', ll. .l. l~2i>or:LL. ii. ll. lllS’l‘El), .\‘. (2. .\'i!r:i«’r‘i-‘ii. ii. A. l~‘owi.i-gn, l’. l}. SiiF.I.Iio.\‘. NOTICES OF MEETINGS. 'l'ln- next meeting of St. Joseph (‘ouniy Grange will be held at (‘entre- villc, ’i'liui'sda_v June ."-ih. l.\~‘-l. All 4th degree nieiolvers are invited to attend. M.\i:\' .-\. Y.\r.\'i-:\’..5‘ec'v. Celitieville. .\iich.. May :5, is:-L. ' The tenth :iimivei‘s:iry of Grove- laiid (irange will be held at their hall, ill Hl'0\'el:Il1ll,>:|tlll‘(l2l}'. .\lay 2-itli,18s.;_ John llUll)l‘01!l\', l.¢‘L‘llll'(‘l‘ of the State Grange. and other good . HILL, Affirmative, BRO. Lvunx 'l‘ow.\'si~:i~.'i>, Negative, ll‘. VV. ltEs'rri«:i<.\', Lecturer. Calhoun (founty Pomona Grange, The next regular meeting of Calhoun County Grange will be held Thursday, May 29th,at 10 _o’clock, A. M.,wi;h Home Grange, in the township of Newton. The meeting in the afternoon will be free, and all friends of the Order and all who are not friends. (if any such there be) are kindly invited to be present and join with us in our dis. cussions, and with us labor for the up. lifting and up-building of the farmer and his wife. Mrs. PERRY, Grange Secretary. The next meeting of Hiugdaje Pomona Grange. will be held at Allen Gralnge hall, ‘Wednesday June 4th, 188 . Music by Allen choir, Welcome, by Edie Clickner, Rehearsal by Sister Nory Sheperd Music. ’ Select reading by Sister Emma. Shepard, Laconic, by Sister Freeman, Music. A VVill, by Sister Mcl)ugal, Recitation, by Sister Amy 'l‘l.cmp- son. Essay, by Sister Wagoner, Music. Question 2 What is to be the future market of our butter and wheat '5 Opened by Bro. Benardt, A. J. BAKER, Ln‘ 1 . Programme for Allegan County Po- mona Grange to be held at Otscgo Grange hall the first Tuesday in June, 1884. 1 Welcome address by sister D,-L Chase. Otsego. 2. Response, by H. 1:}. Buxton, Plainwell. 3. Music. 4. Recitation, by Mrs. Stevens. Aile- gen. 5 Discussion, Which would be for the best interest of Farmers and labor- eis; Free trade or protection, opened by Bro. J.G. Stegeman. 6. E say. Faith Hope and Charity, by Sister Mary Vahno. 7. Essay. Co—operation, by F. S. Hicock, Watson. 8. Essay, My pleasant Neighbor, by Sister Stevens. 9. Paper. by Bro. Phillips of Plain- well Grange. Song. J. G. Lncomrr, Secretary. The program for the special meeting of Oakland Pomona Grange, No. to be held at Waterford, Tuesday, May 27th, 1584, beginning at 10 o’clock A. M. is as follows: ’ Upening of the Grange. Music, Garland Grange choir. Salutatory Address, A. G Allen. Response, J. W. Donelsoii. Suggestions for the Good of the _Order, M. llosner. Mr. Palkins, Robert (1'ctI'Il€I', Lyman Cate, ll. An- drews. Song, C. Bartlett. DINNER. Public meeting at 1:30. Music. lieading of the Scrap liag, Miss Efiie Kinney. I)iscussioi;—“ llow shall the Fainier be awakened to the best opportunities and possibilities that are within his reach”—.l. W. McGregor, l~1.C. Harring- ton and M. B. N ewberry. Original Poem, Mrs. D. M. Garner. Music Paper, 0. Dewey. Discussion—“ What shall we do with our Fair Grounds ?”——E. J. Bigelow, A- E. Green. G. Campbell. 3, M Song, Mrs. Benjamin. “ " Essay, Mrs. G. E. Dewey. E arth with impunity. Music. ''!w‘i'i . 4 TEE GBAEGE VISITOR. MAY 15. 1884. Our School System. [The following interesting paper was read before the Farmers Institute at Vicksburg, February 8. 1884, by F. Hodgman.] It will not be necessary for me in the little I shall offer, on this topic, to say much about the good things we have in our school system. They are many and plain to be seen. They speak for themselves better than I can speak for them. But is the system perfect? If not what are its faults, and what are the remedies? As we are likely to have different ideas in this matter, let us compare views and see if we can agree on that which is best. I take it that our schools are estab- lished and maintained by general tax- ation, on the assumption that the public welfare and the perpetuity of free institutions depend upon the edu- cation of the masses of the people. In other words, it is a matter of public policy. I Know of no other grounds on which you can justly be taxed to pay for educating me and my children. If this is true the question then arises: How much. and what kind of education is necessary for the public good? Here opinions are likely to differ. My own opinion would be, that only those studies known as the com- mon English branches, including civil government, should be included in that education. I would not have the people taxed to pay for teaching the higher mathematics, including alge- bra, geometry, trigonometry, etc. Nor would I tax the people to pay for teaching the natural sciences, chemis- try, botany, geology and their allied studies. Neither would I include any of the languages, living or dead, ex- cept our own. Not that I do not see and appreciate the value of these things. _ If everybody, especially the farmers; were well posted in these things they would make the world a better place to live in than it is now. There is a boundless world of beauty and glory all about us which most of us never see nor dream of. A knowledge of these things would give us a_ peep at that world of wonders, give us a thousand new things to enjoy and capacity to enjoy them. But while all this is very desirable it is not necessary for aman to know these things in order to properly discharge his duties as a citizen of this republic. When we have taught him to read, to Write, to make business calculations, to understand the geography and history ofour country and the man- ner in which our government is con- ducted, we have done all that is re- quired to enable him to properly and intelligently discharge his duties as a citizen. We have started him on the road and placed r-im within reach of the means by which he may advance himself to any eminence in knowledge or ‘( osition to which he may aspire. We have done all that the safety and perpetuity of our free institutions de- mands that the public shall do for the individual. All, did Isay. No. not all. It is as important that our future citizens should be taught good morals, the principles of right, justice, truth and honesty as it is that they should be taught anything. If there is any reason why the public should educate our children in anvthing, that reason applies to the special teaching of good morals in our public schools. This teaching should not be simply of the negative, passive sort. but should be positive, active, aggressive. It is a one sided and dangerous education which does not include the principles of good morals and the rights and duties which every man owes to his neighbor and the world at large. The more knowledge you give a person, without at the same time cultivating his moral qualities, the more accomp~ lished a villian will he be and the greater scourge to the world at large. It is not your low villians. but your high toned, polish and accomplished rogues who commit the crimes that strike the closest to the heart’s blood of the nation. Whether you agree in the details or not, you doubtless concur in the sen- timent that the public weal demands public schouls. Accordingly we have them of all grades, from the smallest district school up the university. Eeah fills its place with more or less success and we could illy afford to do without any of them: yet I question the propriety of taxing the public to support our high schools and colleges. Let them. like railroads, be supported by those who use them. However, this is hardlya living question to-day. When the people of Michigan adop'ed their ‘constitution, they decided to have an agricultural college at the public expense. They have got it and it has proved a good investment. Its influence is the direct cause of the for- mation of our club and what has brought us together at this meeting. Our university too and normal school, and state public school, though not like the agricultural college, establish- ed through the dixect vote of the peo- ple, have become a part of our school system, and it is now too late to go back on them if we wished to. While we have to pay for them, we have the satisfaction of knowing that they are powerful instrumentalilies for good, But it is not in these higher institu- tions of learning that the masses are specially interested. The school that is right at every man's door, that gives to rich and poor alike, the opportuni- ty for an education is the school which concerns us all, in which we are all interested. This is the school where we all get our start. and where most of us get all the education we ever do have, except that Which is instilled into us by eXPel'ie9C€ in our every day contact with the world. In these schools we want to get the best possible return for the money invested. Do we get it‘? Is some one thinking no, in an- swer to the question‘? If we are not getting the best returns, why not? I think there are several things that may be suggested in answer to the why not. One reason is, that public affairs are not so well looked after as private affairs; men who are competent to look after the interests of the public in school matters are, usually, men who have plenty of business of their own to look after and will only attend to the public business when they can or well avoid it. nelglfenyagain. I am inclined to think our system of school districts is not the best. We; have too many feeble districts that are not able to provide suitable school buildings or sustain a good school, and other districts, which have more money than they ought to have, as compared with the feebler districts. I believe it would be better to apply the system now in vogue in our large villages and cities to the whole country. Have but one district in a township and one set of school ofiicers and build school houses when- ever and wherever they are most needed, just as is now done in Kala mazoo, for instance. By so doing we should get rid of the complaint which is now so often heard: “ We are a small district, with only a few scholars and are not able to sustain a school more than six months in a year and have to get the iowes: priced teachers, at that.,’ \Ve should, also, for the most part, get rid of that nuisance known as a fractional district. Since the state contributes largely to the supp-irt of our C‘l)!IllI1I')ll schools, she has a right to demand that the money she gives shall be properly ex- pended, that it shall not be paid out to unqualified teachers. Hence we make Jaws providing for the examina- tion of teachers and for granting them ceriificatcs when qualified. We have tried a variety of ways of doing this business. For years it was done by the Township School Inspectors. Then we tried the County Superinten- dent system. Then the Township Siiperintendeiit plan and lastly the County Board of School Examiners. Judging by what I have myself seen in the schools and what I have heard other people say, I have come to the C’)11Clll.~Ili)l1 that the Town Supeain- tendent plan was the best. and the present system the worst that has yet been tried. And right here let me have it distinctly understood, that in anything I may say, I do no: intend to rsfiect in the slightest possible manner on the z-al, integrity, or abil- ity of the gentlemen compo.-ling our board ofscbool -xaminere. So far a-; I know, I have no reason to siippzise otherwise, than that they are earnest, honest, able men, doing their best to perform the duties of their oflice in ‘he spirit and manner in which the framers of the law intended that they should be performed. Let us have no mistakes on -that point. Now first, and foremost in our schools, we want good competent teachers, and in order to be reasonably sure that we are getting such, we want somebody to inquire into and pass upon their fitness. Our boards of school exa'v‘in- ers are supposed to do this Work for us, but I complain of them that they do not and can not, properly do this work under the present system. The boards meet at various intervals during the year to exam he teachers. One day is spent at each meeting. Anywhere from twenty-five to one hundred and fifty teachers are present to be examined. Printed slips of test; questions are passed around for the candidates to write out answers to. These questions are prepared at the capitol and sent out by oiiicials who mayor may not know, or care any thing about the wants of our cornmon schools. If there is lime (which there is not likely to be when the work whic“. ought to occupy several days is crowded into one) the caudithites are asked a few questions orally. If a certain percentage of the questions given out are correctly answered, the candidate gets his certificate, other- wise not. Now the best that can be said of this kind of an examination is, that it shows how familiar the teacher is with his books. If the teacher is one who is easily embarrassed, or has had acess to the questions beforehand, it does not even show that. Every- body knows that this is a very insuf- ficient test of a teacher. We all know that many of our most erudite and accomplished scholars are absolute, to tal failures as teachers, while others, who do not possess a tithe of their ed- ucation, are shining successes. It is not the person who knows the most, but the one who has the best faculty of imparting to others what he does know, of awakening in them the de- sire to learn, kindling their enthusi- asrn, as each new truth is brought to light, and sustaining it as he leads them onward on the road to wisdom. Such is the man who makes the best teacher. But the present system of examinations does not even determine the educational qualifications of teachers with reason- able certainty. I know instances in which teachers have been marked high in branches which they say they knew but little about. The test questions happened to be on topics which they did know. The same teachers were marked low in branches which they knew best about and were most familar with. Teachers 05 years of successful experience, who pass creditable examinations in any one county are plucked in another. A graduate of a high school who had uniformly stood at the head of her class and received the highest en- dorsements of her teachers failed to get a certificate, and so on to the end of the chapter. On the other hand there is no adequate provision made in our present system for the examination of the teacher and his work in the school room. The boards of examination never see the teacher there. A person, who, bv reason of the lack of force of character and an unfortunate physical infirmity was utterly unfit for a teacher, passed examination, got a certificate and undertook to teach one of our schools. The result was a most 19.- mentable failure. The examiners knew nothing about it except by report of third parties and the district lost both their school and the money paid the teacher. It is doubtless the intention of the law, and of the boards of examiners to weed our incompetent teachers. Judg- ing by what I see and hear, I should say that the practicle result has been an indescriminate cutting out of all sorts, so that we have lefta lot of good, bad, and indifferent teachers, just the same as we have always had. As far as the public is concerned, we have a diminished supply of teachers, higher wages to pay and no perceptible im- provement in the service rendered. If by reason of an artificial scarcity of teachers, I am obliged to pay higher wages, then I ought to get better ser- vice in return for my extra outlay. So far, I have not got it. and I have to investigate for myself the qualifica- tions of teachers, if I want a good one, the same as if there was no board of examiners. Now I hold that the only true and satisfactory test of a teacher is success in the school room. And by this I do not simply mean getting along smooth- ly, and pleasantly, and having the flood will of the pupils and patrons. This is all right, but a teacher may do this and not earn his salt either. The question is, does he so control and guide the pupils intrusted to his charge that good morals and good discipline prevail? Are his scholars interested in their studies, and are they mak- ing comznendable progress? Is his in- liuence as a man a good one? =.‘he.ce are the points in W'i.1i(:h our school ex- aminers should pass, and none but the lowest grade of certificates. and never asecond certificate should be given to A teacher till these things have been passed on by the examiners. But how is this to be done if they never visit the schools? You tell. I Can’t. I suppose it is fair to call on a man, who finds fault with the existing state of allairs, to indicate how he thinks they might be bett-;-red, so I will give you my notion to be criticised and found fault with by those who think differ- efeiitiy. c First, as I said before, I would abol- ish all these petty school districts and units all the districts in a township into one. At the same time i would abolish the township school inspectors and the county school examiners. In each «listrict (or townsliipwhich would be the same thing), I would have one superintendent siiuilar to the superin- tendents of city schools, who should have supervision of all the schools in the district and spend his whole time with them when in session. I would have the teachers examiu.-d by this superintendent, actinv_ in conjunction with the superintendents or two or more adjacent. districts. In this way we would have in every town just as many schools and as many teachers as are needed to sup; ly the population and no more. We should no: have two or three school houses and two or three poor teachers to instruct thirty or forty scholars in pieces when one school house and one good teacher would do the work a great deal better. Instead of low grade schools for half a school year, we would have good school; the whole year, that every child might attend. VVe would have every school and every teacher under thorough supervision. lVhat would be saved in the expense of school inspectors, county examiners. un- iiecessary buildings and teachers, would pay a good salary to the district supcrtendent. If I could get this radical change made, my next move would be to retain our present board of school (‘Xd.iDlIlel‘S, but I would have astirring up among them. I would not have friend Clapp teaching school here in Vicksburg and the others teaching in Kalainszoo or somewhere else. I would parcel out the territory among them, assigning each one so much to supervise and then I would setthem to work. Every day in the year when there was a school in se.-i.-ion in their district, these men should be at work with schools. It should be their business and they should not have any other business and they should attend to it. And I would pay them handsomely for it, so they could afibrd to do it and do it We] . I had thought of saying something about people giving their schools their personal atteniioii, but have conclud- ed not to. The few who have interest enough in their children's welfare to look into the schools and see {or them- selves what is goingon there, will eon tinue to do so if nothing is said about it. There is a question of school books, too, that wants a thorough shaking up but I will leave that for some one else to collar. In conclusion I thank you for the kind attention you have given my paper. It is a subject that I am lI]De1'rBl3€d in and that every one who has the welfare of our schools and our children at heart ought to be interest- ed in. I trust that whether you think as I do or not on this subject, that you Will take hold of it and handle it with out gloves, iememhering that if re- forms are needed the way to bring them about is to agitate, discuss and keep them before the people, till our law makers hear and respond. Paste in Your Note Book. There is no remedy of such general application, and none so easily attain able, as water; and yet _nine persons out of ten will pass by it in an emer- gency to seek for something of far less efiiciency. There are but few cases of illness where water should n t occupy the highest place as a remedy agent. A strip of flannel or a napkin folded lengthwise, and dipped in hot water and then applied around the neck of a child that has croup, will usually bring relief in ten minutes. A to Wei folded several times and dip- ped in not water, and quickly wrung out and applied over the seat of the pain in toothache or neuralgia will generally afiord prompt relief. This treatment in colic works almost like magic. I have seen cases that have resisted other treatment for hours yield to this in ten minutes. There is nothing that will so promptly cut short a congestion of the lungs, sore throat. rheumatism, as hot water when appli- ed promptly and thoroughly. Pieces of cotton batten dipped in hot water, and kept applied to old sores, or new cuts, bruise-, or sprair s, is the treatment now ge- erally adopted in hospitals. I have seen a sprained ankle cured in an hour by showering it with hot water, poured from a height of three feet. Tepid water acts promptly as an em etic; and hot water taken freely half an hour before bed time, is the best cathartic in case of constipation, while it has a most soothing effect on the stomach and bowels. This treat- ment continued for a few months, with proper attention to the diet, will cure any curable case of the dyspepsia. Headache almost always yields to the simultaneous application of hot water to the feet and the back of the neck. It is an excellent plan to record facts like these in a note book, which should be always at hand when want- ed. In the anxiety caused by acci- dents or sudden illness in the family. one becomes confused, and is not; apt to remember quickly what should be done; hence they may be prolonged, and unnecessary suffering before prop- er remedies are applied. An exchange says that the tomato may be trained as an ornamental vine to advantage. Try acouple of vines; let one be a yellow variety, the other red. Pinch out all laterals and let the two grow closely together so that the fruit will intermingle. Vines so train- ed will grow from ten to fifteen feet high, while the ripe red and yellow fruits will greatly please the eye. Paleiit Rights. To the Editor of (he Husbandman: J. J. Woodman, in Ilusbandman of March 26th, asks, "Is there anv- thing in justice or equity upon which to base a reason why an individual who purchases in good faith. and for a valuable consideration, an article rsffered for sale in the open market, and without knowledge that it was patented, believing that he had pur- chased to use with the same, and from the legal owners of that right; or who makes an impliment or device for his own use, without knowledge that it was patented; or believing it to be cov- ered by a patent, purchases in good faith, the right to make and use the same, from one claiming owner.-whip, should be held liable to pay for dani- ages and profits, a licence fee, or for cost of stilt, or even to be harassed by patent rights, and money extorted from him under threats of prosecution and encour-gement of law ?” To answer the question, let the sup‘ hose a case. Mr. Woodman has a fine valuable horse, I enter his barn and take that horse; or I may find it astray, however, the horse is in my pos-'=.cssion. I go to the next town where the horse is not kown, and sell it to Mr. A. Mr. Woodman comes along and recognizes his horse and attempts to take it away, and of course is stopped by Mr. A., who asks him by what authority he at- tempts to take the horse? By the au- thority of rightful owner-.-hip. I raised the horse from a colt, and it has never been out of my possession and you can not hold it without my consent,” “Not so fast, Mr. Wood- man; that used to be thelaw, but hap- pily for us poor farmers, we have got that law repealed. I bought this horse in ‘good faith,’ from the person whom I supposed to be lhc rightful owner. I paid a large price for him; he is just the horse I need and I can- not aiibrd to give him up. You must look to the man who sold lilm to me if you want to recover any damages. I will pay you a “license fee,’ what- ever the ‘court or jury’ shall decide, providing it is ‘reasonable. ”’ We would like to know what Mr. Woodman would think in sucha case. Yet is it not precisely what he is ask- ing Congress to do in patent cases‘? Except that he wants the “license fees” established uv-der the patents they are issued.” After the govern- ment has granted me a patent, that is, has given me the sale right of owner- ship to some “new and useful inven- 'ion,” for which I have spent a great deal of money, time, and perhaps health, have complied with all the laws of the government, on my part, then Mr. Won man and hundreds of other “C0lI1l.'!lll!]lSiS," are now clamor- lllg to have Congress take away my own property. and parcel it out to Toni Dick, and Harry, and ifl am sharp enough to discover it, then they must pay me a “license” for the use of it, to be recovered by action of law of course but the principal I can never recover. If there ever was a more communistlc law passed by any country, than is contained in the several bills to amend the patent laws passed by the House of Representatives, then I would like to know it. Congress would have the same right to pass a law to give the right of usage of any other property. It would bejusl; as reasonable to make a law that a man who has taken a c‘.-unterfeit bill should be holde-n re- sponsible for passing the same after he had been notified that it was a coun- terfeit, because he received it from another party in good faith. If the farmers would take a little more trou- ble to enlighten themselves, they would not be swinled quite as much. I will venture that nine-tenths of the people, who are SWll]Ilied by the class ofimposters that Mr. \Voodman speaks of are farmers who do not take any newspaper, or if they do seldom read it; who will write their name on some paper pre.-ented by an entire stranger, and then when too late find out that their note has been protested at some bank. It is this class of people who are now asking Congress to protect them for what they lack in brains. S. M. MACOMBER. Grand Isle, Vt. S. M. Macomber, residing on that lone isle in Vermont, where commu- nists never dwell,undertakes to answer an article from the pen of J. J Wood- man, in the Ilusbandmrm of March, 26.h, on “Patent Rights," and in doing so is obliged to trot out the old “hose,” an argument that was worn thread bare years ago by which patentees defend them.-elves in a wrong pos- tion allowed them by law. The argu- ment is about as applicable to Wood- man's reasoning or the patent right question now before Congress, as the argument of some of our protectionists are to the people. It is impossible to comprehend his position uniil you glan e at the seventh page of the Ilus bandman, when you will find that he is an inventor; that he has put his money, time, health and brains into a corn-planter, that is regulated with a thumb-nut. Now, let me suppose a case, to be placed beside a horse-supposition, that we may see which is nearer right in respect to the complaints of the peo- ple about certain patentees and their agents, which have been the means of bringing this question before Congress. S. M. Macomber, like Green of the driven well, employs agents for whom he has advertised in the Ifusband man, and sends them into every corn- growing State in the Union to sell his corn-plant».-r. Thousands of farmers purchase and pay for them, in good faith, supposing that when they have done so the planter is their property. Time passes, Macomber receives a list of the names and residences of the purchasers, and sends out another gang of agents, who say to the com- muniets that have purchased his planter: “You are using my prop erty. They answer, “No, sir, I purchased that planter, and can prove it." “No doubt, sir, that is true, but I have a patent on it; and you are in_fringing on my rights. Now, asI do not wish to be hard, and taking into consideration the fact that you have purchased the tool and have paid the market price for it, I will now sell you the right to use it for five dollars. What do you say ?” "No, sir.” “Then I will sue you in the United States Court for infringe- ment. You can take your choice, pay or be sued.” The result is, nine- ty-nine out of a hundred, pay. Now, Mr. Editor, the work de- scribed above is what the people com- plain of and they a-k relief. They want the privilege of going into the open market to purchase what is there exposed for sale without being subject to legal robbery afterward. Useful inventions, inventors have no trouble in disposing of to manufactur- ers, and they to th—-people. But when an inventor rests on his rights and al- lows his inventions to go into general use, the law should then step in and say they are the property of the people. Now if Mr. Macoinber will step inio his mud boat and pull to the main land and commence suit for infringe- ment agniust. the communists of Mich- igan, for using his new and useful in- vention, he will fiud before he gets through, that the J[u..s-brzn(lman, with hundreds of like periodicals, is circu- laied and read quite freely by them. That they are Eielill-Ll] caught by sharp- ers, only as they step on the open market, and purchase corn planters, which afterward prove to be patented. And he may also find in fooling with the United States Court that he was ignorant of the fact that his patent was an infringement mi some one of the hundred patents issued on hand corn- planters before his, or that there is no novelty in his invention, or a thou- sand and one points that enter into a patent suit, for it is conceded if a man could grow ajack Wlih small cars and had thirty—fivc dollars, he could get him patented. I tell you, Macomber, this is a slippery world in which all may learn, even those that are over- stc cked with brains, may awake some morning felling that they ought to have a reissue. H. D. PLATT. Ypsilanti, l\Iich., April 15, 1854. Needs of Michigan Agriculture. [We find in the Farm Department of the Grand Rapids Democrat the following sensible article by Charles W’. Garfield.-—l“.D.] A letter irom the United States de- partment of agriculture inquires of the editor of The Times what he considers “the present most urgent needs of agriculture in Michigan.” VVe i‘:~SpUl.l{i promptly that two needs stand out prominently above allotliersz First, such an arrangement of the oi'ganizal.ioiis in tue interest of agri- culture in our state that there should bean acknowledged head and that all should work in harmony of purpose. Secondly, an enlightenment of the masses of the people concerning the disastrous cor sequences to agriculture, and especially horticulture, of the lessening of our great tracts of timber. Last winter when the legislature was in session we hoped for assistance in answering the first need and in these columns outlined a plan for uniting the various agricultural and horticultural associations under a state board of agriculture, and a state experiment station as an auxiliary. The second need can b-- best satisfi ed through the accomplishment of a plan for Satisfying the first. No more important question earl be agitated among the .-armers of Michigan than otincreasing properly the preccntage of our forest areas in the older parts of the state, and preserving a just pro- portion of woodland in the newer portions. \Ve have rung the changes on the water protection of our peninsula until the old tune has no satisfying variations. In truth, we are finding with the removal of our forest growth, the climate is gradually undergoing a change for the worse in spite of our deep waters on either side of the peninsula. The change is so imperceptible in a single year or a decade that people do not appreciate it, and go on denuding our country of its protecting mantle, thanking God that they live in a state where tornados and cyclones do not sweep over the country and at the same time doing that which will bring about the conditions which breed these terrible wind storms. Every day we meet men who are cutting off every avail- able tree upon their farms under the theory that they can better raise wheat and buy their fuel: This is absolute and inexcusable theft from the next generation. Sweeping the timber from our coun- try is fast bringing about conditions which will render wheat growing un- profitable. VVhat then '3 We have landed Michigan as a state in which to build homes and still a large proportion of us are trying by our actions to remove the favorable conditions which render the state attractive as a country to live in. IT would be crediting the owners of telegralpli lines and railroads with rank idiocy to believe that they expect noth- ing from the tens of thousands of dol- lars of “franks” and free passes which they scatter ainong public officials. They know what they are about. If the returns from the investment of “franks” and free pas:-fies among the oliicial class were not satislluztory, that kind of business would not be czu‘ri'ed on. But the public ollicials who accept these “favors” or “coui'tesies,” or, in plainer words, “bribes," are a hundred times more censurable than the corpora- tions which give them. What would be thought 0i :1 member of the Legisla- ture who would accept a present of $25 or $50, $100 from the Western Union Telegraph Company? IIow could he explain the matter to his con- stituents and other honest people? There is not a particle of dilierence between accepting “franks” and the sums of money named from that coni- paiiy,—Burlz‘ngton (Ia.) Gazelte. WHAT would the independant voters who are so mighty particular in their Presidential candidate, do in case neither conventions should nominate a man up to their standard ?" Tlius queries :1 stalwart organ. Well, they might conclude to nominate a man of their own, and stand up and be count- ed. Or they might just stay at home on election day as 100,000 of them did in New York in 1882. How would the Republican candidate fare in the close States it‘ the independant voters should take either course! But such a con- tingency is improbable. If the Repub- licans shall, out of bull-headed confi- dence, nominate a. machine candidate; the Democrats would be very sure to nominate their best man, to secure the independ-ant vote. And if the Repub- licans should nominate a reformer, the Democrats would put up another _in self-defence, in order to divide the in- dependant support. So that, any way you look at it, the voters who o_we al- legiance to principle, not to parties, are of great service to the country.—Bos- ton Herald. Agricultural Notes. Really poor ground will not grow clover. Manuring and pruning will heir old apple trees. ' The agriciiltiiral ouilookiii Colorado 18 being improved by irragalion. Give cows that have not winlered well warm bran slop with a little gin- gcr. Lard and sulphur applied to the baei-:s_aiid sides of calves will dc-strn_v vermin. _ One of the secrets of successful farin- ing is to do little things at the proper time. Some one says that “the rea:-on the farm,duri’t pay is because it don’t owe you anything." Give the horses legs and feet a flier- ough cleaning after the close of the day’s work. Good stnckmen say a mixture of salt and wood aslies kept in a horse’s manger will prevent disease. A mixture of one part powdered res- in and two parts of lard smeared on plows when not in use will prevent rust. Prof. Arnold states that sudden and extreme changes of temperature in milk or cream, injure the keeping qualities of butter. A mixture of sulphur and cream of tartar in half-ounce doses is rec(-c—m- inended by the .-lmericmi Agricz(l[ur- List for sheep loosing wool. Unworked butter melted and mixed with vinegar an-.i simmered together makes a good ointment for acre or chapped cow's teat.-4. Colonies of bees :-liould not be exam- ined in cold or disagreeable weather, as disturbing the bees at such times often causes loss of queens. Green Food for Swine. Prof. H. R. Thompson, of the Ne- braska Agricultural Coliege, spxsaks from experience on pork growing, in the Ame’/‘z'can .»i_(/ricultzu-i'.st‘.- Greeu food makes tliriftier and larger hogs. Farmers who raise niany pigs and feed them excliisivoly on corn, know that some of the shoates will cease to grow at an early age, be- gin to lay on fat, and never reacli the size of good, inercliantable bogs. A pig fed on bulky green food will :19. velopa larger stomach than one fed on concentrated food, like corn; and when you come to fatten it, this en- larged capacity will enable him to eat and digest more com, and thus fatten faster than the other, aml be a more profitable hog to grow for market. Glass led bogs are healthier than those grain fed. Every intelligent breeder knows the advantages offee(l- ing green food to sows about to farrow. They have less difiiculty with their pigs, are less liable to destroy them, give more milk and nurse them better. Grass fed hogs are less liable to disease. The dreadful hog cholera is not much to be feared where bugs have the run ofa good clover pasture. Undoubted- ly, if exposed to contagion, they would take the disease, but they are not like- ly todevelop it. For example, a far- mer had his hogs in a small pen desti- tute of grass, with no water except a muddy pool, which [-0011 was made as vile as possible by the hogs. After a while the hogs began to die in consid- erable numbers, with symptoms re- sembling cholera. The owner was alarmed, took them out ofhis pen, turned them on a patch of green rye and gave them water from a well. The disease was checked and the deaths ceased. If the cry of certain narrowly in- terested parties is founded on f ct that met the removal of the lumber tax—that Michigan will be flooded with Canadian lumber so as to entirely stop our own lumbering enter- prises—we must emphatically say let the tax be removed. Michigan can well afford to thrust aside the penny close to her eyes that she might gather the dollar in the distance. The im- mediate effect of life on our lumber districts is of small account compared with the disasters which await Michi- gan agriculture from a wholesale destruction of her forests. We have no sympathy with the fear expressed that with the rapid de struc- tion of our timber there will be at no distant day_ a dearth of lumber for manufacturing purposes. Substitutes will be found as soon as nreded. But where will we find a substitute for lost climatic conditions that are the form- ulation of agricultural success ? VVe can not make too much of this matter and we can not study too care- fully the methods of restoring favor- able climatic conditions already lost. Forestry, wind screens and alleubjects connected with timber planting and preservation should occupy a promi- nent place in the discourses of our clubs, institutes and societies devoted to the interests of agriculture. News- papers should keep the subject before the people and publish everything that will throw light upon these mat- ters. The facts which are now con- fined to scientific circles should be commonly known among the people. And if necessary the state and govern- ment should take more active measures to protect those who will not protect themselves. We shall have more to say of this hereafter. A WRITER in the Humane Journal declares that it is not humane to re- fuse your horse suflicient and good water, to give him decaying or in- sufficient food; to let him go un. groomed; to scratch his skin with an iron or wire-tooth curry comb; to shear his mane or tail; to use over- checksor blinders; to put frosted bits into his mouth; to work him when his shoulders are sure, or ride him when his back is galled by a cruel saddle; to drive him when he is lame; to drive him upon stony pavements, or icy roads, with smooth shoes; to drive him in a storm, or let him stand in one without protection ; to let him stand in the cold without blankets or other covering; not to furnish him good and sufiiclent bedding at all times; to drive him too fast; to jerk him by the bits; to whip him up hill, or to raise ridges upon him with a whip; to strike him if he shies; to strike him if he stumbles; to whip or beat him if he balks; to work him more than twelve hours a day ; to turn him out when old to die of neglect and starvation. } MAY 15, 1884 '.l'§EE.GfBA1tl@E VISITOR. 5 \ Qjumntnnitaiinni. Our Criminal Courts and “Jury Fixing.” ’Tis said that the Cincinnati rioters read, “in the angry flashes of each others faces,” these terrible words: If the courts will not hang murderers, wi: \VILL! And when this mob failed in securing Berner at the jail, they instantly thought of the courthouse and that infamous verdict. The spirit of the old cry—“Destroy the rookery and you will get rid of the rocks,” maddened them as they rushed for the temple of justice. For they knew that here a noted criminal lawyer had found the most suitable material for his use—are ignorantjury. These he soon made secure for the verdict he wanted. Here were twelve igrorant, irresponsible men, the willing instru- ment in the hands of a villainous law- yer. This is the pith of the matter. Now one of the secure Ways to head off this dangerous practice in our courts, is to see that none but respon- sible, intelligent citizens are put in the-jury-box. Do this and you will kill off this “jury fixing business.” Our present law indirectly aids the criminal lawyer in defeating the ends ofjustice; for, by allowing illiterate men of unscrupulous morals and char- acter to monopolize the control of the jury-box, they virtually exclude men of intelligence from serving as jurors. And as long as this is allowed, crime will go unpunished and murderers un- hung. Cincinnati can vouch for this, by her terrible experience in her late reign of terror. Her experience is but the old lesson that has been so often repeated, and as often unheeded by the people. The lesson that our crimi inal court trial had becoem a farce, was given in the Gitteau trial, which although resulting in convic- tion, yetit brought lasting reproach upon our American criminal law. For there it was only another ’1‘om Campbell who played the legal villain through the whole drama, while the prisoner himself played the niounte- bank before a grinning audience, giv- ing the most glaring illustration of the decadence of our criminal pro cedure. The same lesson was re- peated in me Star route trials, where judicial dignity was paralyzed, and a jury worn out by an exhaustively long session, while a noted lawyer and orator made this great trial, a foren- sic arena in which to display his wit and oratory though at the sacrifice of his reputation as an honorable advo- cate. His brilliant display of wit and oratory on this occasion, was like the flash of the fire-fly, it revealed its own natural ugliness and deformity. This lesson found its fellow in the acquittal of Dukes in Pennsylvania of Thompson in Kentucky, and of Frank James in Missouri. In all these cases law was neither respected nor feared. Human life was consid- ered cheap and of no account where there was an occasion to screen 9. vii- lain or clear a murderer. In all such trials, intelligence in a jury goes at a discount, and ignorance at a premium. It is on this principle that lawyers manage their cases in court, and gain their victories over law and justice. Col. Tom Campbell, the notorious criminal lawyer who defended the assassin Berner, tauntingly announced that “he not only could have acquitted the murderer if he had been so dis- posed, but that it was the first case in which he had ever allowed a jury to convict a criminal client of his.” Such words from a lawyer of his abil- ity stimulates bad men to commit crime, for they know they can rely on such an advocate before the bar of any court to clear them of whatever crime they may commit. Five hundred and four men had been examined by the keen scrutiny of this criminal expert before he could get the twelve wretches who he thought would serve his scoundrel purposes. Judge Carter says: “The prisoner wasa confessed murderer, guilty of murder planned weeks beforehand and coolly consummated; the meanest murder ever committed in the crimi- nal records of Cincinnati, and he es caped by a verdict acquired by the cunning and adroitness of lawyers known for their legal talent.” This was enough for the people to stand. But we must add to this another con- sideration; if the adroitnes of unscru- pulous lawyers. and the venality of corrupt iuries do not clear the criminal in the lower court, the supreme court of the State will reverse the finding on some wretched quibble, and send the case back for a new trial, the criminal will be let out on straw bail, until he escapes altogether.” It is a notorious fact so many of our su- preme courts have so often interfered with verdicts of the criminal courts on some miserable technicalities, till it has seemed to be ieagued with the criminal classes against the peace and protection of society, by thus protect- ing and not punishing crime. V. :__§_________j_ 0!" Eating and Drinking Habits. B. An increase in the knowledge of the sciences, especially chemistry and physiology, have shown many practices, supposed to be correct and beneficial by our forefathers, to be injurious and evil in their nature. Perhaps there is nothing in which we are more unscien- tific than in our eating and drinking habits. People generally eat too fast, chew their victuals too little. swallow them when too hot, consume too much ,9'_,’l'PZlS€ and fat meat. also too much new lire-ail and hot biscuit. Recent medical discoveries have shown that the use of tea and coffee are injurious, both to the l)“l‘\'PS and stomach if they are taken as strong as many people drink them. if parents could only be made to un- rlcrstaiitl how much the use of tobacco lessens the chances of their boys be- coming useful zmd healthy men, they would uuike a greater effort than they do, to prevent their forming this per- nicious liabit. There was :1 time when some peo- ple believed that strong drink, or in- toxication prolonged their lives and increased their power of eiitliinuice, but all such ideas have long since been provcn false. Let every person who wishes the prosperity of our country. and has an interest in the happiness of liuiruniity, do what they can to supress the evil of iuteuiperauce. ll. (‘ii.\_\ii:i:itLAi.\', liuchanau, Mic-li., Feb. 13th, 1884. Successful Co-operation. Perhaps no institution so successful- ly illustrated the harmonious associa- tion ofthe forces that produce and dis- tribute wealth, as the equitable associ- ation of Labor and Capital, founded, by Monsieur Godin of Guise in France. In the summerof 1881, it was my good fortune to remain six weeks in this institution as a guest, thus se- curing the best opportunity possible for studying the results of the system there adopted. The purpose of the association at Guise, is to establish a community of interests among its members by means of the participation of both Capital and Labor in the profits, according to certain conditions prescribed in the Statutes of the association. The founder contributed the original cap- ital stock of nearly a million dollars. About fifteen hundred workmen are employed in the foundries. The divi- dend coming to a workman from the net-profit of the institution, is a cer- tain percent annually upon the wages he has received. This dividend is rep- resented by what is termed “Certifi cates of Savings,” and becomes the workman’s share in the capital stock, on which he receives interest payable in specie. Thus the wage-laborer in this institution, becomes his own Cap- italist. During the year 1879, the work- men who are called associates, receiv- ed on an average, 600 fraces, or $120 in savings stock; and the “participants,” 300 frances, or $60 each, About two years since, they were so prosperous as to receive 8% per. cent on wages. The share from the net profit, which falls to capital, is a certain per. cent upon the wages of capital, that is, up- on the rate of interest. In the redemption of stock, which occurs at the annual dividend of profits the shares of the Founder are the first to be retired, by the substitution of the workmen’s share of savings This is to secure the successive transmission of the Capital Stock through the hands of the co-operators, and to re- tain the power over the common work in the hands of those who carry it on. Thus in time the Unitary home of the workmen with all its depen- dants, educational and commercial, the vast foundries with the lawns and gardens, will become the property of those LDCO poor, illiterate French Peasants, and their families, but at the division of profits between labor and capital is no guaranty to a workman, for the minimum of existence, if sickness or incapacity overtakes him, and his resources are exhausted, Mu- tual Assurances are instituted in the association at Guise. First, the assur- ance of pensions, and of the necessities of existence. Second, the assurance to aid the sick. The first is to serve the aged workmen of the institution who have become incapable of labor, the sum accorded to each pensioner being determined primarily by his years of service in the institution. Indemnity also is accorded for any ac -ident in the workshop which incapacitates the individual for labor, while the mini- mum of subsistence is assured for each family whenever the resources of the family do not attain this mini- mum. 'i‘o the Assurance fund, for the aid of the sick, all workmen of the Association give a certain percentage upon wages received. After six months of regular payment of the fixed assessment, the mutualist who may be afiiicted with sickness has a right to the physician of his choice and to a daily allowance, fixed at a certain minimum. Mutual assurance is also established among the women of the association, according to pres- cribed rules. The women of the Home elect from among themselves nine delegates, who with nine men “elected by the workmen, form the committee for the administration of these assurances. Thus you perceive that in this institution not only is wealth distributed according .to the proportionality of forces producing it, but we find also the successful opera- tton of reciprocity and interdepend- ence is expressed in these mutual assurances. This institution has been in success- ful operation for more than twenty years, and has never had a police case or experienced a strike, for workmen do not care to strike against them- selves. I have no time in which to tell you how M. Godin, through years of seeking for the true methods of associating labor and capital, went back to nature and man’s relation thereto for his lessons, and how, little by little, he wrought these lessons into his enterprise. In the fare of dire discouragen-ent, public and private, he has carried it forward to an ever- iucreasing success. How could it be otherwise? The methods of the in- stitulion had the whole economy of the universe behind them, and it was im- possible to fail. Godin has at last opened the gates to the Gospel of Life and Labor. He has brought the golden rule down to terms of business. This is the ripened fruit of all the religions of the ages. It inspires within us an unwavering faith that "peace on earth and good-will to men” shall some day be more than the song of angels breaking the si- lence of an evening in Judea. It shall be the living reality of a happy, in- dustrious world. Mas. A. C. BRISTOL. The Cincinnati Riots. The outbreak of violence at Cincin- nati was sudden and unexpected, but the cause- are of long standing and easily recognized. A great riot is, un- der any circumstance, an ominous occurrence. It is no trifle that will induce the people to defy the law and assemble in a wild mob for the de- struction of property and life. It riso- ally indicates some great and prevalent distress or an intolerable wrong and oppression. It is always a wild and unreasoning method of protesting against some condition of things that seems to be unendurable. In this case, the mob assembled without any previously formed plan or agreement. The movement was entirely spontaneous, and commenced with a class of men who are generally law-abiding and peaceable citizens. So determined and obstinate was the mob that the streets and public build- ings were in a state of sing» from the evening of Friday, the 28th of March, until after sunrise the following Mon- day. The fighting was severe, and many lives were lost and a vast amount of property destroyed. In a certain sense this riot was a revo- lution, rather than the mere disorder of a street mob. It was the culmina- tion of the violence that has mani- fested itself all over the country for some time past in the lynching of criminals. All these out-breaks are significant of a deep and abiding con- viction, in the minds of the people, that our courts, in every important emergency, are absolute failures. This is the unbiased judgment of the people, and is based upon the common sense of all who have the misfortune to be parties or Witnesses, in anyju- dicial proceeding. In Cincinnati a trial, of a confessed murderer, had resulted in a conspic nous failure ofjustice. The city jail was crowded with desperate criminals Whose trials had been delayed by the efforts of expert criminal lawyers, with a view of defeating the execution of the law. The crime of murder has been frightfully common.in Hamilton county, and yet, but one murderer has been executed there since 1866, and that was a colored man who failed to retain the most expert_lawyers. The failure of justice in the Berner case was simply the last straw and the en durance of the people su'ddenly broke down- The condition of things in Cincin- nati is no worse than the average in Michigan. There has been very iittl.» progress in judicial methods since the Middle Ages. Our courts are three hundred years behind the present age, and the tedious mummery which was held in reverence in medieval times, is now regarded with universal con- tempt. In this matter, the press of the country is almost. unanimous in charging the judges and lawyers with the responsibility and the blame. This is one of the great and pressing evils which the Grange in the United States has undertaken to expose and reform. That we have not exaggerated the evil is now more evident than ever before. We must insist that the im- provements of modern business life shall find their place in the proceed- ure of our courts. A. J. As it will be remembered that the general question for the discussion of patrons in March was “Is a farmer’s organization necessary, if so, why, and for what purpose ?” it was natural enough thata member of Mt. Hope grange, upon being appointed to de- liver an essay in that month, should adopt that question as a basis. This essay led to the sugzestion of a resolu- tion——which was adopted——that a com- mittee be appointed to obtain the views of sister granges and all others interested in the success of agriculture etc., on the subject of organization, for the purpose of defending them- selves against the extortions of the ever present middlemen of every kind. To hold their pro-.uce, if necesssry, till their demands are complied with. The views of farmer’s generally would be sought as it is not alone a grange movement. Could we in the township meet a‘ d apoint two or three repre sentatives toa coun'y conference, to be followed by a state organization and so forth. Mt. Tabor grauge has t ken some action in cmzjunction with ours. It is thought that a publicity of our action would bring out the opinions and cooperation ofotliers, ‘-"ii. .\f. BYI-IRS, « Oris .~"i‘i<:Ai<.\'s, (A. J. l\'oi \\'V[h each. . Cuarameed perfect. War- ’, ranted 5 , year?., Ii:|IlIi>0lI|t‘, Itllliililt‘. qlllri .-my light running, llou I pay $150 to 830 for iiim-liiiu-s no bl-it:-7'. “own hand our: u-uwlzu-can I hOgl"P5[:_Vl§lé5Crl)l’('lll1.'\I!‘.~‘ tree. VB 0 \'l|I I rcssin C0,. 17 'l”liii'd .-\\‘c. , Cliiu-ago, illf 5 ' nod lSe Singor ....'....‘:.':.',3l Si‘! of C l(llll:'S HAY 6ARRlEil Speaks tor Itself. , The many Fnrrners that use thv-m :m- cutliusiustic in their prsii.-~-. l M311 direct to the {o.=.-u.-vr .lll¢l umkc the price very lmv, ‘ll out-c fort-irclilnranrl pri v.-.;.—;. «;i:o.\\'. Ki):-., .\liirion,0. u—. 211 Premium Ofiers Ever Made! Thin! Mos Or this Paper nun _\*~:ir illlli this Family Union c-.'p..ciI;: omicc to 210 pounds-tor 5 , ml. Srnd your money bv Postal Note, Registered Let 0!’ 01’ Moiirsy Ortlcr, (local checks not rcct.-ivcd,)to JONES or BINGHAMTON, BINGHAIVITOBI, N. Y. §" He will send you good .:‘c:ilcs. luprtit lhe State llgrirullurallllnlllifl L11 nsiu,-_:-., )Ii(‘Il. This institution is thoroughly equipped,hav- iiig a large teélfilllilfl force: also ample facili- ties for illustration and uiziuipulation includ- ing La.liorutori«-s, Couservutorie-, Library, Museum, Classroom App.trutu.~x, also a large and well stocked :":mn. FOUR YE.-tits are required to coiiipletc the course embracing Clieriiistr_v, Mutlieiiizttics, Botany, Zoology, English Laiiguitge and Literature, and all other brzuiches of :1 college course except For- eign Languages. Three hours labor on ouch working day except Satturduys. Muxiniuni rate paid for labor, eight cents an hour. itA'l‘l<.S. 'l'uitioii free. Club Boarding. CALEN UAR. For the year 1884 the terms begin as follows: SPRING 'l‘icniu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .February 18 SUMMER 'l‘nnM ................. . .‘ . . . may 29 AUTUMN Ficitir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .beptemlier 2. Exzimiutioii of czimlirlates for advanced standing will be held February 18. Candidates for admission, to College on September ‘.2 may present themselves for cxauiinution either on May 20, or September 2, at 9 A. M. For Catalogue apply to MICHIGAN CENTRAL RAILROAD. DEPARTURE oir TRAINS FROM KALAuA1oo. TIM E-TABLE —-l-‘l-1lll{UAl{Y 17, 1884. Stxiiiilnrxl tiuic-—‘.mtu iucridiun. WEHTWARI). if V(_>W A Mu P I’, Ku.l:inuizoo Aoconimodntion leaves, ____ __' 4 45} ____ Knlauiaz.» Hxpregu urrivg-35'____ _ _____V ‘ 9 35 Evening Express, _______ __ on‘, Pacific Expross,.. 2 :71, Mail. ’ 1 03 D!» 2 31 EASTWARD. _ VNMIT ,A. M P. I. Nlsht Express. ...................... __; 3 17 ____ Kulunmzoo Accommodation leaves, ‘ Kalamazoo Express arrives Mail_-______,__ Day Express,__ New York Express, Atlantic Express,- New York, Atllblltzaallg Pacific Expresses dull . Evening Express west and Night Express east dairy except Saturdays. All other trains daily except Bun. days. lreiglit lrulus carrying passengers out from Kalamazoo as follows: No 29 (east) at 5:1‘ i>. u__ and No. ‘/.0 (west) at 7:11, bring passengers from east at I2: 7, P. M. H. B. LIDYARD, Gen. M n 1) non, J. A. Garza, General l-‘rciglit Agent, (lhaicaagggrl O O W. RUGGLIS, G. l‘. & T. A., Chicago. L- S. <3: ].V[. S. R. R. KALAMAZOO DIVISION Tina TABLI. Standard time— 1th meridian. GOING SOUTH. N Y & (iii Y A: B “ iExprsss.‘Ex I Mlw‘! H- Le. Grand ltupids--_______I 7 30am: {on in. 54.67.‘ Ar.Allegan .... __ 8 47 “ -' 515 “ i so so A!'.Kalamazoo_ __ 9 4'1 “ 615 “ 1156 " Ar. Schoolcraft _-_ .__-_ 1U 17 “ 6 54 “ 1 45 ,- Ar. Three Rivers--- -___ ii) 45 “ 724 “ 331 :4 Ar. White Pigeon-.. -_,11 1‘ " 752 -- 450 . Ar. Toledo ____ __ __l 5 anal 2 17 Air 817 Al Ar. Cleveland 10 07 “ l 6 177 " 6 45 pg Ar. Buffalo _____________ -_ 3:47 “[1246 py 2 go on GOING NORTH. N Y & RN 1 £0 ilslx it M3l£xpresI.iw‘7 F" Le. Butl'alo______________,,5i1 41 pn‘12 off; ','-Z57. Ar. Cleveland 3 632 “ J (532 " 855 ‘- Ar Toledo ______ __ __li1 17 “ ,io 22 -- 322,. Ar. White Pigeon--- __l 5 2 ix‘ 3 12 in: s 15;. Ar. Three Rivers _ [ 6 ‘- 331 - 1045 *- Ar. Sclioolcraft_ “ as ‘I 1209 - Ar Kalamazoo 42 Ar Allezun ‘All trains connect at White Pigeon with trains on main line. M. E. WATTLIS, Supt. Kalamazoo Division, Kalamazoo. GRAND RAPIDS & INDIANA B. B: Passenger Time Table. __o.__. GOING NORTH. (Standard time, STATIONS. N0. 1. N0 3. NO. 5. N0. 7: Cincinnati .___Lv. ______ __l 7 40 All 7 15 an __ Richmond ___- H 2 37 u 10 32 “ 9 52 -- ___" Sturgis _____ __ “ ________ 5 13 PM 5 14 All -‘ K.alamazoo-___Ar. _i 6 52 “ 6 lg is :: Kalamazoo-___Lv. 7 Grand R.apips_Ar. 9 Grand Rapids_Lv. 9 Cadillac ____ __Ar. 2 Cadillac __ 3 - Traverse C y 4 Petoskey ____ __ “ 6 Mackinaw City “ _ 3 STATIONS. Mackinaw City Lv Petoskey_-_-_- “ - Kalamazoo __-Ar. Kalamazoo ..__Lv. Stnrgin ...... _- “ Richmond __-_Ar. Clncinnatl-____ " 4 27 no 4 07 nil 4l8Au 105 “j123o i>u,1235 “ No. 5 leaves Cincinnati and No 8 City daily, except Saturday. except Sunlay. Woodruif sleeping cars 0: NJ. ii.-.a betwegn on clnnati and Grand Rapids, and sleeping and chair can on same trains between Grand Rapids and Pewsksy: also Woodrutf sleeping cars on N08 7 and 8 betwggfi Grand Rapids and Mackinaw City. A. B. LEE]: Genl Pu! ‘ .. leaves Mackinaw All other trains daily 6 ~:-,~..:..~ .. . . ~ ' .. .. _ _ --,.-4;... :<.;‘..‘.’.‘.:a£:‘£.._.‘.*-....;.-—.--ii: .>‘2.'.‘........,..n—."-.... THE GRANGE VISITOR. MAY 15, 1884. tallies flqpaqtmeqt. "MOTHER’S ROOM.” BY THOMAS coanr BATES. As I sit alone in the twilight, . n my cushioned eas chair, , I forget that I am an 01 . old man With wrinkles and silver hair. I forget my mansion stately, Half—hitl in the gathering gloom; A boy, I cling to my mother's hand, And I enter mother’s room. At the windows hang no curtains, With soft, luxurious grace No carpet is on the clean-scrubbed floor, ’Tis a poor and homely place. A mending basket is on the stand.- Ah, many an eventide, Asshe patiently sat and darned and patched, Have I sat by mother's side! Here the boots and shoes are hanging In a shoe-bag by the wall; The toes of some are rubbed and white. Some have no toes at all. And on the pegs above them In a motley colored row, Bung the threadbare clothes we used to wear When to church we used to go. It was always cl an and quiet In that cool and restful nook,-— The place to which we always stole To read a favorite book. ‘Twas there our prayers were whispered, —-Repentant tears were shed, And ain and sickness lost their sting hen we lay on “mother's bed." Oh, I've stood on sacred mountain-tops; I’ve roamed the oc an oer; I’ve gazed upon earth's honored great; I've garnered wealth and lore, But the oasis of memory That precious spot doth bloom, And the nearest heaven I’ve ever come, Is my dear, dead mother's room. Home. There is no word in our language around which clusters so many pleas- ing recollections and gentle memories, as this one word, home. With it. are connected all the strongest, teuderest and most lasting associations of life, the joys and sorrows of childhood, the happiness and sadness that comes to all, the hopes of man and womanhood, the hours wasted or improved, love, friendship and bereavements. We should view home as a social family nursery, within whose walls all are trained for the different situations they must fill. It is the ante-room leading into the great hall of life, in which all are to act a more or less im- portant part. Self control and dis- cipline must, or should be,,learned at home. Let home be the source of truth, simplicity, refinement and honor. We should aim to make home cou- genial and attractive to our children and their associates. This is the key- note to home love and affection. No one can be truly happv without some employment to occupy his mind and awaken his energies. A plentiful sup- ply of the right kind of reading (no dime novels), will have a decided ten- dency to increase the love of study, thought and industry, games and puz- zles studied out and laughed over by parent and child make the home circle happier and stronger, while love, com- fort and peace will reign within our dwellings, be they ever so humble. If our children love study, music, draw- ing or flowers, we should encourage their tastes as we have the ability and means. If the Father has money to spare, I do not doubt he would make a wise investment in the purchasing of a musical instrument, books, maga- zines. pictures and many other things which lend an influence for the love of home, as well as tends to the for- mation of character. Much better, this seems to me. than having money in the bank or drawing interest on a neighbor’s farm and leaving many thousand dollars which may prove a curse to his children. Let our home surroundings be what they may, we should not forget practi- cal home duties indoor and out. What- ever tends to develop the intellect, re- fine the taste and purify the afiections, may find a fitting place in every home. None has a better right to adorn and surround his home with all that is useful, beautiful and cultivated in nature, than the farmer. Our sur- roundings have a tendency to elevate or dwarf our capacity for thought and character. The home is incomplete if it excludes charity and hospitality. Many families live very quietly. so much so that they have no willingness to share their daily living with a friend or stranger. They can not enter- tain company, they say. Why ‘? “ Be- cause it is so much trouble to get up a nice meal, bring out the good things and put them away again.” Why not give them that which if they are your friends, they will like better than display, etc; a taste of your home life and a seat at any time at your table and fire? If they find your table- linen somewhat soiled, a piece chip- ped off your plates, or a nick out of your tea cups, they would only think, mine are not the only ones that have met‘with hard usage and accident.” They will feel more respect and friend- ship for you than ever, they will let you come to their table and see the garlic‘: evidence of wear and you will oondole with each other on the perishable nature of earthly posses- sions; or, if the children are disorder- ly, and you have over done, or have forgotten some table property, your guest only feels that other people have the same vexations as herself, and should be cheerful, contented and light hearted, always remembering there are others whose troubles are greater than our own. In the home circle we should show the sunny side of our natures, not go about complain- ingly, miserable and unhappy. I wish to make a plea for our boys at home. Boys must have something to quiet their uneasy restlessness and I imagine their masticating organs sympathise with their minds. In other words, they must have some- thing to chew and, as most mothers know, they scent pies and cake from afar. I suggest a pan of fried cakes, cookies or ginger snaps (good ones) be kept iuahandy place for their own individual use. Who knows but it may save them from learning to chew that filthy weed, tobacco? I cannot refain from bringing to your notice some home surroundings in which the husband should be interes- ted as well asthe wife. As a general thing farmer’s seem to have a lack of thwught, orluclination in the matter of making clean and tidy out-door surroundings, or even keeping them clean when once made so. Some seem to think they have no time for such work, but I maintain they spend time enough talking with every man they meet on the road, going to and from town or to their work. I believe farmer’s wives sufi'er more in this respect than any other class of woman and if there is any one thing a woman should be forgiven for, it is getting angry when hogs, cattle and poultry ruin and destroy the labor and care of hours and days, just for the want of proper fences. Such things running at large are enough to worry a woman’s life out, if she has any thrift, spirit or nerve about her. Poultry has no business in the door- yard or garden. They are a nuisance to which no woman can submit graci- ously, and are the torment of too many homes. Ifthe time and ability spent in theorizing about matters which we never receive a penny’s profit from, were devoted to the con- sideration of our mental, moral and social improvement, and to the brush- ing up our ideas on the subject of home duties and responsibilities, it would facilitate the attainment of every true woman’s life, a happy and well ordered home. MRS. W. B. L. IN looking over the current items of the day, the most careless reader can not help but note the struggle on the part of the poor for a better chance to win a competence or wealth. This is indicated by the various organizations originated for the purpose of mutual protection. They are the protests of private individuals against the exac- tions and despotism of monopolies, and combinations of monopolies. The farmer works hard and, econo- mize as he may, he can not become rich; can not remove the mortgage from the farm, while railroad men grow to railroad king- with millions at their command and with power to form combinations with other kings, by the writing of their names or speaking a word, to squeeze every bushel that passes through their hands closer and closer in their exactions of toll. They see men made superflu- ously rich at their expense. They have felt that they have no chance against these gigantic combinations that have not only power at any moment to de- prive them of the profits of their in- dustry but, also, by their fabulous wealth buy, or dictate, the laws neces- sarv to keep them secure in their en vious priviledges. Wendell Pnillips, the champion of the poor, once said: “When the rich conspire let the poor combine.” Yet it is to be regreted that such meas- ures should be necessary, for it must always have a tendency to make a breach between capitol and labor; and destroy the sympathy between the employers and employed . It seems bad that any system should be indispensible, that should alienate the sy mpthy of these two classes. Howev- er, it is a notable indication that the la- borer is discontented with his lot, and deserves the careful consideration of all patriots and political economist. The protests that come to us from the varisus movements all over the civilized world should be a warning to governments and monopolies that they must, and will be convicted. The universal right to the production of the soil must be recognized and the laborer have a fair chance to win for himself and family a competence of the world’s goods. This question of human rights is being extensively agitated and be assured of one thing, i e, the poor in the future will be rec- ognized. If they still are ignored in the mad greed for wealth, at any cost to them, they will make the future a terriable one for those that come after us. May it be remembered before it is too late, that the day for the exer- cise of irresponsible power over the soul, body and material interests of men has passed. The bodies of the dead victimes of dynmite, bear witness of this. We are now upon the eve of another political campaign. We have not the ability to discuss the great issues _at hand if we wished and with Pope could say: “For forms of governments, let fools contest; what's best admin- istered, is best. It would make no difference what party were in power, if they would elect the best men for the people; those that would dare to do right and streuously maintain the privileges of the rich and poor alike. God grant in the coming struggle between the parties there may be no false reason- ing upon matters of political ecomony! Not only Christianity but national existence depends largely upon it. And that class that can throw down a single barrier between the rich and the poor, serves the state no less than humanity. AUNT HATTIE. A Dream. One evening,just at the close of a warm, delightful afternoon, I stood watching the beauty and grandeur of agorgeous mid.-ummer Sl1I1El1;i’., the cares and responsibilities which had reigned supreme during the day, seem- ing to flee before the approaching darkness, and, with the fading light, to vanish from the horizon of my thoughts, leaving me, for the mo- ment to enjoy and appreciate the scene. Scarcely realizing what I did, I turned me to the organ, to unite, if possible, the charms ofsimple melody, to the already enchanted hour. There, just as I had left it the day before, I found our Grange singing book, the “Trumpet of Reform,” opened to page 13-1. I sang the words again, as many times before, but a new mean- ing, as it were, was thrown into the sentiment. The words seemed to toucha responsive chord in my na- ture that had never before been fully aroused. They seemed pro- phetic of some impending calamity or existing evil which I had not yet reallv comprehended. What was the meaning of these words: ‘'0, we are volunteers in the army of reform, Forming into lines as our legions come, We are under marching orders to take the battle field, And we'll ne'er give o’er the fight till the foe shall yield! To what strife had these soul promptings reference? Was there really a conflict raging about me that concerned me individually? One in which my material interests were at stake? Or were they but meaningless words after all, the delusive fancy only, of an idle brain, a11d all around me as tranquil as the beautiful sun- setI had just witnessed? I left the organ and seated myself by the open window to contemplate, and, if possi- ble, solve the mystery. All nature seemed so calm and peaceful, quietly awaiting the transition from busy, bustling day, to still, solemn night. The slowly descending mantle of, sable darkness would soon shut from our sight another day, with its pains and pleasures, its joys and sorrows, locking them up into the long eter- uitv. I thought how little I knew of the world at large, or of the myriads of fellow beings contending with ad- verse circumstances and striving with the inevitable. Outside of my own narrow and limited circle of action, what knew I of the scenes continu- ally enacting in the great bu;-y drama of life? While pondering thus, I felt the presence of some one near me, and looking around, saw by my side an old man venerable with age, his hair and beard snowy while. In his hand he carried a scepter and by his sides hung tablets, covered with marks and signs whose meaning I could not interpret. He stretched forth his hands, waved the wand in the air and said: "My daughter, I have divined your thoughts, and have come to your assistance. I am the keeper of the pillar of time; and have it in my power to extricate you from the entangling theories which possess your mind. Come with me if you would learn and be satisfied.” In an instant I was travel- ing through space; borne upward by an invisible power; and onward, by an irresistible longing to take ad- vantage of the opportunity so strange- ly presented. I experienced a craving curiosity to be satisfied, and at the same time a timidity, difficult to overcome. Only once my guide ad- dressed me: “Falter now,” he said, “and all will be lost. Only long years of toil and research can give you the knowledge I now offer. Be brave and fear not. ” I called into action all my reserve force of courage and proceeded. We soon came to a vast pillar which resembled a column of marble, slight- ly pyramidal in form, reaching far beyond the clouds and losing itself in the blue above. “This,” said the old man, “is the pillar of time. The events of all ages, all time, and all places, are chronicled here and pre- served in living reality. Express to me your wish and it shall be grati- fied.” “Show me,” I said, “my na- tive land, and let me view the time and tide of destiny that has fashioned existing events, from the time the first white winged messenger sped across the waters to herald an event which afiected tne world’s destiny. On the summit of the pillar wasa throne which he occupied and near by was a small platform upon which I took my stand. “Look and learn,” he said, and waving his wand over the land, a scene was presented to my eager gaze which baflies description, and at best, only a brief synopsis can be given. I saw spread out beneath me, the “land of the free and home of the brave” in all the beauty and grandeur of its primitive state ere artifice had usurped the powers of nature. Fair to the north was the bleak and desolate British Dominions: eastward the stormy Atlantic was seen in its majestic splendor; south- ward was the hot and stifling region of perpetual heat and sluggishness; westward the peaceful Pacific reached out in one boundless expanse. This land alone seems to be designed as a fit habitation for mortal man. Cli- mate, soil, and productions in every conceivable variety, noble forests, grand old streams, and extensive mines, whose power and usefulness had never been imagined. I turned my eye to the eastward, and beheld the first fleet approaching the western continent, which came to the rude, uncultivated savages, like departed spirits returning from the happy hunt- ing grounds. Following these, in quick and eager succession, came multitudes, throng- ing to the new found Eldorado, and very soona change was wrought in the scene. The homes and villages of the new comers dotted the eastern coast, and the former owners were compelled to move toward the west; but not Without one last, fearful and final struggle. It was then I saw want, strife cruelty, treachery, mur- der and robbery reign supreme in their worst imaginable forms. I saw the natives struggling to maintain the homes which had been theirs from time immemorial. I saw the dark cloud of revolutionary times trail its black and threatening mantle over the infant nation, until after a long and bloody struggle the sunshine of success beamed through the rifts and ere long, the bell peeled forth the joy- ful tidings of victory. Crime and wickedness now made way for peace and prosperity; and in time this vast wilderness was converted intoa pros- perous nation. All industry encour- aged and sustained, art and education liberally supported and all branches of useful invention were closely approxi- mating to the climax of perfection. All new seemed peace and prosperity. The power of the mighty streams was utilized; the countless wealth of the mines and forests brought forth from their long hiding places. The very elements of nature which before were useless or incontrollablo were now made the useful servants of mankind; but ere the blessings were scarcely realized they were snatched from the pinnacle of their usefulness and made the steppirg stones to wholesale rob- bery. Usurped, utilized and controll- ed by a few, these very blessings soon became the great devouring fiend which watched with greedy eyes the scanty earnings of honest toil. The seeds of corruption, were scat- tered broadcast aud,ere long the scene again was changed. I saw wealth and afllience usurp the power of for- mer industry and frugality; pride and arrogance weaken the bond of united friendship and all again was strife and conten‘ion. Liberty, justice and equality, no longer the basis of thought and action, were known only as a thing of the past. Money ruled the nation, and all energy, ambition and power centered toward the one great object. Homes, happiness com- forts and even the bare necessities of life were sacrificed in the mad race for gold. Rights of helpless human- ity were trampled under foot and crushed out of existence; and labor was robbed of its just reward in this rushing stampede for wealth. An- other cloud now darkened the hori- zon, almost as threatening as that in the revolutionary times. It grew larger and blacker until its shadows were perceptible throughout the whole land, bringing desolation to thou- sands of homes, shutting out the sun- shine of prosperity from many weary hearts struggling against its power; and causing the once happy and suc- cessful toiler to descend to the lowest depths of degradation and poverty. The iron hand of monopoly was ever in readiness to gather up the scanty savings of the poor and deposits them in triumph into the already over- loaded coffers of the millionaire. Money and monopoly were the firm unyieding, relentless powers which governed the people. Labor seemed crouching and cowering like a fugi- tive slave evading the hungry blood hounds on his track. In the midst of this fast approach- ing gloom I beheld a star arise which gradually grew larger and brighter, shedding its beams in all directions and serving as a beacon light to cheer and encourage thousands on the verge of despair. Weary and burdened hearts turned toward it for comfort and consolation. This star was the light of the Grange; its truths and principles were educating the wronged and injured mill-.ons to a clearer sense of existing evils. It was the key which would unlock the galling fetters which bound them to the money power in abject slavery. They were the cheering words of a few brave and noble minds who dared to stand forth and stem the tide of pub- lic opinion, and the growing power of monopoly. I watched the conflict of light con- tending with darkness. I saw the masses wake up to find that there was yet a power that even money did not possess; that right is mighty and must prevail; that unity, strength and courage had lost none of the power they had, when, a hundred years befure, it rescued the nation from the hand of despotism. I saw the light of truth and education steadily growing brighter, the black cloud of monopoly slowly giving way before its pure, cheering beans. Vol- unteers for the cause of truth and free- dom came pouring in from all sides, preparing for the time when the last final struggle should come; when wrong would be compelled again to yield to right and justice. I saw them ‘forming in to lines as their legions came” and with a fixed determin- ation to “ne’er give o’er the fight till the foe shall yield.” So intently had I watched these passing scenes that I did not realize that they were drawing to the present and consequently to a close. After viewing the present, all be- came blank and the old man once more addressed me. “ You have seen the past and present. Believe now and be satisfied. If thou wouldst know more of the future, live and learn. Improve the present as it pas- ses. Take your place in the ranks, and your stand for the right. Go back and accomplish the work that has been assigned thee to do. ‘ Go forth to your place in the conflict ; Go forth to the field of the strife. There's work for the strength of your spirit, A work that will end with but life.’ iulist in the Army of Reform if thou aspire to usefulness, and you labors will receive their just rewards. Go mingle with the world, but forget not the precepts of the lesson you have just learned. Add dignity to labor and in your dealings with your fellow men be honest, bejust, and fear not. Avoid intemperance in eating, drinking and language, also in work and recreation, and whatever you do, strive to do well. Be a quiet, peaceful citizen; feed the hungry, help the fatherless and widows, and keep yourself un- spotted from the world.” I looked some what astonished at the words he just uttered. “I see,” he said, “you are surprised at the language I have used; but know that I am a worker in the noble Order, from the silent un- seen realms where await the rewards due the faithful. Grange truths and principles perpetuate through all time and eternity; and if thou wouldst rise in the scale of perpetual progress- ion, if thou wouldst soar above the clouds of doubt and despair into the more intellectual atmosphere of the true, the good and beautiful, live close to its teachings, obey its precepts, and heed well the council and advice you receive from that source. Noth- ing can stay the force if its well directed energies. Its power will burst asunder the iron bands of servi- tude and free the nation once more from darkness and oppression. Go now and discharge your duties faith- fully.” He waved his wand as before and I was once more transported through space, wafted downward with a sensation of failing, which startled me, I awoke to find my self still sitting by the window with the book, and“Army of Reform” still before me. “Only a dream” I said, “and yet not all a dream." FLORENCE N. KEN'l'. Janus-.rv 20th, 1884. Children's Day. Brother Cobb.-—Having seen noth- ing said, of late, concerning Colon Grange, if I may be allowed a small space in your columns, I will eu- lighten those who'may care to know, as to how we are prospering. I want to speak especially of “ Chil- dren’s day," which we celebrated for the first time, on the day of our first regular meeting in April. We had never attended anything of the kind, nor received any instructions,—it was entirely experimental. All children of Patrons were invited. and any one choosing to bring a friend was allowed to do so. We met at ten o'clock, and opened the Grange in regular order, for the transaction of business. During this session, two members from a dor- mant Grange were taken and re-obli- gated, after which the meeting was closed, and the ladies prepared a sumptuous feast—-and all Patrons know what this means. The children and company were served first and nearly filled our two tables, which areas long as the hall will allow. A third table was filled with the remaining members, after which the tables were cleared, and the afternoon exercises began, which were publlc. Parents had taken much pains to have the children prepared with recitations, select read- ing and declamations which were well rendered. Our Worthy Master gave a brief address, and our Lecturer read the “Declaration of purposes of the Patrons of Husbandry.” All pro- nounced the day a very pleasant and profitable one, and one which the children will never forget. All are anxious to know when there will be another children’s day. We have a nice organ in our hall, and thoughout our exercises, music, both vocal and instrumental, was freely interspersed. Methinks this day will become a very popular one among the Grange's, and it is believed that each meeting will become more and more interesting. To the youth they must be very instructive. Lessons learned, and impressions received in the springtime of life, are not easily erased in after years. We should like to hear through the columns of the Vrsrroa, from other Grange’s who have held these meet- ings—what their mode of proceedare is—and what the general opinion of the members are, regarding its success- how often theyare to be held, etc. It seems to me, by sufilcient forethought and experience, the program can be much varied, so as not to become monotonous. We consider our Grange in a very prosperous condition. Our meetings are regularly and well attended, have a home of our own, beautifully lo- cated, and, best of all, a kind and brotherly feeling among our members, with no symptoms of that disease, “ 1 am betlrr than thou.” VVhile it is true that we have not a rich treasury, yet, we expect by the pr.'.dence and economy taught in the Grange hall, and in the greater part of our 11"-mes, to improve upon the one talent. which we have, until it shall bring forth an hundred fold, and we becoxne truly independent Grangers and farmers—boLh in mind and purse. Mas. A. Pnorr. COMMON SENSE. 1i1".111ge wurl; has :1 field inf‘-i11itel_\ broad. \\'l1c11 one gets to love work, his life is 11. happy 1)11c.—[ll11sl;i1). VVe let our blessings get mouldy and then call them curses:-[ Beecher. Forgive thyself little and others nrnch.--[;\r1:hbishop Leighton. Have you a beautiful home ? If you have, keep it so; if not, make it so. ’l'l1L-re is;1bu11d:111ce of pure lli.l‘l':li.lll'£’ accessible to all persons whose minds are pure. A Hrauigc 1119:1113 so111ctl1i11g or until- ing, precisely as its 111en1lm1's give it sig11ilica111cc. Love of the beautiful tends to en- large the aft’.-ctions and refine the heart.-[Hnsband1uan. B; always at leisure to do good; never make business an excuse to de- cline offers of humanity. “ llold fast that which is good "-—aud the (.l1'a11ge must be regzuded us of this cha1'2lcte1'.——1[u.sbamlma/1. Short papers, as ll. rule, are preferred by ordmury reatlers. Let every Grange stimulate this kind of exercise. He who has such an idea of time that he takes none of it for rest wastes all of it.—[’l‘. De \Vitt Talmadge. The Grange cannot do better than to impress upon all nieiubers the import- ance of kindness to domestic animals. I1up1'0ver11e11t in the daughter will best aid in the refo1‘111z1.tion of the sons of this age.-[l\l2u'g:1ret l"11lie-r. As one’s character maybe told by the company he chooses, so is it re- vealed by the issues of the press he prefers. A man’s house should be on the hill- top of cheerfulness and sereuity—so high that no shadows rest upon it.—[l:I. Ward Beecher. The Grange has call for e:/g; No. 3 red, 88@92. Corn. active, higher; high mixed, 62; new do. 58; No. 2, cash or l!1a.y58%; rejected, 57%; no grade, 53. Oats, dull; No. 2 cash 35%,. Unxoaoo, May 13 —1:1U P. M. -— Wheat. re- ceded. after sold to 92% for July but closed % @% higher than yesterday. Wheat closed 38 May‘ 89%; June; 90% July: 90 Aug. Ci-rn, stead ;55%, May. 0'-»ts,33¥é May. Pork, $17.- 47% June. Lard, $8.945’. June. Grocer-tel. Nuw Yomr, May13.—-Butter. dull; western, 8@27; Elgin creamery, 26@2’l. Uheese, dull; ‘2@14>4, common to prime. Sugar. dull. Mc- lasses. unchanged. Rice, firm. Coffee, dull. Tallow, steady; 6 13-16. Western eggs steady; 15%@16%. omoseo w1IoLr:sALE l>BIoirs—'rIM.n:s BEPOBT. Su¢ur,et£u.id.A.... 7% Butter. dairy. mom granula. ........ extracream’ry 2l@‘d2 Driedapples..." ’ll(@8 oommou..... 7@ 8 Potatoes, u., bu...§¥.)@&0 Eggs, fre_sh.. l3@13% Wool. fine. w’shd..32-83 Beans h pick. $1.25—2.25 Live Stock. O_m:aAGo. May 13.-—_Hogs freceipts. 164110; active and firm; 50 higher; light, $5.00@5.90; rough packing 85.-l5@5.74: heavy packing and shipping, $5.80@615. 0a.ttle—-receiptis, 5,300; strong; exports, $6.35@6.75; good to choice shipping, $6.(X)@6.-L0: common to fair. $5.-l0@ ,OOO TC) ri- ouch: 5114-auul Purlor l|r:mi:.~' I00 ‘ll m-wlmllnat .\it kol ( nst \\ in: In . >.*~‘.\ |'lIl'|l: -'30 llliliv-‘ (‘In-I1-lxiiiw \\‘nn- ‘.~. _ -'50 B_n_v.~' .~i_lv('r \\'uli_'IH--4 III .\'l0 l‘lH_'ll: ‘:00 \\1l!l‘|'hIll‘_V \\'uII'Iu-is III I- all Lmlu-H‘ EOIIII (Gold .\I'l'k ('|miu-4 in .515 (“lll'|l: 50 (Ja~m~',~o|i(l (Sold ‘ H - 50( solid jfiolql Rimzsul 3'3 vnvln ~ L‘Vl'I('§ m 590 l‘ll(‘lIt I llIiIl('|I('lI puir 'l‘|-olliu .~']uIlv.H: 500 puir Boy ‘ Roll:-r .\'knl¢~.u: I0 H'(‘('.H. hurl Iuuuy otlm ' 20.00 FREE. ‘“ liiiiiilrwl, Q-1|"! l‘dl'll ll yin] ,\’l‘I|I! Tm sulm-ripn-.1: price in >:l,w A Free Subscrinliim" ' ix nuw l'nlIIlll.yl(‘lll;. prise . worded iwnwiliili-ly iiftir .Iuni- l'.tl-. I) ' How to Send Mane ,. yr liruvr \- liE.‘iIIMl')Zl1, -nu: Alia>\‘1-jllzv .12. AI’-H ~ Fzitsm, !\'I‘ll-lllluks ANIIAHl.'.\l.‘.'l‘.\.\lf-“L Ir Addres TE HIGEGB0 A QEDSNFIIJE or . sUBscRIBERs. TH!S UFFER 6000 TILL JUNE |5lh. I4I§'I‘ ()1? FIIIQSIXPCTS 'I'() ~I-uI~ of «‘5'l.000_ c-null. 5 rxlish )I‘I‘.~4PIIl!l 0|" RN00 1-in-II. -'1 (‘nah pro-.~'m1l.~ of $500 i-ziuli pm-.-I-iil.~ of ' 5 (‘l'l.'l|I ]|I’l‘ 0' I0 K" Ii in-~'l-ut.~ of .'..".'(|‘.I 1-ni_‘h, 2. 0 5 mull |n-1*.-u-ills of 3'20 (‘lll‘II. 1) ms: 0! .‘-') vuvh. L000 i-iuh |H‘1'.~'l‘lll.'4 0|‘ 5| mlrll. -D I l‘Ill'll: j._B0 Lzulic-.~' .-olid_(_-‘old "l‘ll(’|'lI'l~‘. 3 l 3: ‘II: 10 .~|I\'|-r, 'l‘(‘u SH. #00 ¢‘m'lI_: 500 .'~'l‘l~' oi solid Silver 'l‘('n~' mans‘. 0 Ion .~Nr 0-lul uml \lI x_lbIl- ]lI‘('.'4(‘llI,h' \\_|iivli xv you are aim-ui; ilui-llx.-I \l |4ll‘('ll r--« .. y it 31:4. m,.1 3-, H. Ll‘ l.,,.,,,,,,_,,, U ' ~- . . I in ill‘,1u'\'-Illllllgilllllrlllllv \-Mir :ml;- §l"fl,Illr‘ll H in hrs u» . .- -i- . ' Th E t ' l~ :i piper l--i lllv I"ulh<-r, .. ><:lllr[‘y 1., 1-,. .,,,,.,,{.;,,. mm: e N bu nmlul, rwful I'lIil‘)t.IlllIll‘.Z, imtrur «~, [*1-Lilli? [bl]-r'l~ [r‘..lIll,sl.l‘ll. 'l‘l.i- ri-1;\;l.~.r . Tl‘ II or lifclllllilll. vi uill (‘vi ‘nus \-xi MONEY rn LL wuo nun, RICH OR POOR. I hir- - um Thnusliml null iun‘s_I.ss .“t: (LI! .. )3.-. 'lE~-I-Up - [00 mull pi [00 I-l|\ 1-r lluuliuu ('u.~I' \\'uIi-|n~~. ' 10 .\‘ilu'I' lliiI:lI;I' Fm-\ir 10 .~vl~ l':n'Iur Furuinlri-. N100 I-zu : 5 H “l|I'.*4I‘§. -‘..-"L000: 5! 0 |mir.~4 l.uilii'.~‘ Ifollrr l'|ll('ll0”ll|' gold pim*(~.~: -‘)0 flu‘ l|ll"XIl‘ gold In !u~I-on 1 ‘win. . frr rm-. ui r I.\'ll ._k on ‘S 1; in -' - .- -'‘‘' =3 =5 1.‘ 1', .:.=_ :3 :1 ram 5. E12 " .' — - . , -7’! when we hue AR “pm. _, 5- ' i . 1. - :°;;:s..".;'ia.:.'.:.:-..-.c... mm -. l5ma.y2t VV EESTEEFL. .nSheep, Russia and Turkey Bindings. _——. , . Get the Stndard TC'(1])§ter—it ims 113.000 \V()I‘dB, :64 3-000 Engi'a\'iugs. and :1. New Biogr:-ipliical I.}ic_ti<)riar_\':_ f-étanvlorzl in (.u‘ov't Priutimi‘ 0“ " 3”’ 000 ('opi(‘.~Z in Public Svbi 15. S4 9 >30 to 1 of any other Sl‘l‘l<.‘S. aiilto nukes. Family intelligent. T Rs,-st help for S(‘.HOLARF. ’.[‘E.’\CliERS and SClI()()LS. D;3*Tho vocabulitry contains 3000 rnoi'v_ than ‘ID; round in my other Amcrrrxn Dick: unis ::1l‘y. The Unabrid—zz;=dWisAi‘iw .-ipnlierljtasmsill ail- dll'.l(‘>I‘.‘l.l cost, if it‘i I)E}lISON’S PATENT REFERENCE INDEX. "The Ire-ate-st improxv -ment in book-making that ins been made in a hunrlrml years." ( ) G. & C. MERBIAM 3: C0., I‘ub’l ...Springfield, Mass. USE'-36.98 . IL.-I All persons say their roods are the best. We ask you to ex- amine our Improved keller Positive Force l7'eetl,Grnh|nc Seed and Fertilizing Drill and our flay Rakes. T e! are as good as the best, and can be sold as cheap. All are war- 6.C0. Sheep, reoeipt.s.2,000; firm; short, $4.00@ 6.00; wooled $5.(l)@7.00. d. C’ I mailed free. Newark Machine Co- a,gEllar|l(r:u0al'Irslo. Eastern Branch House, flngotltowl. Ill FOOLISH VVOMEN, Tlumo .-’uIl‘i-ring from tzoiiipluiuts pi-.i:i1li:ir to tn:-ir 2-uax, \Vlll('ll are daily bucouiing more (l:u1;:(-wins and luorc firmly .\t:£l.lI':kl, yet who iiegli-<-l to 1i.~'c,or even to learn about 7.o:i-l’hora- \Vmuz1u'.-a l"rit-,uu, Phill- delphia. I'a., for Ix:md~mui- Illu~lr:iIe-4| Pziniphlvl. showing im- lnniss Boss’ and Hey~lom- H alrh lines are made. " (To be Continued.) 4 German Horse and Cow POWD E RS. This powder has been in use for many ears. It is largely used by the farmers of ennsylvania, am the Patrons of that State have bought over 100,00l pounds through their purchasing agents. Its composition is our secret. The receipt is on every box and 5-pound package. It is made by Dr. L. Ober- holtzer’- Sons & Co., Phoenixville, Pa. It keeps stock healthy and in good condition. It helps to digest and assimilate the food. Horses will do more work, with less food while using it. Cows will give more milk and bein better condition. It keeps poultry healthy, and increases the production of eggs Itisnlso of great value to them when molt- lng. It is sold at the lowest wholesale price I: R. E. JAMES, K.u:.urLzoo. GEO. W. film & C0., 80 Woomsnmen Sn, Dnrnorr, THOS. MASON, 181 WATER S'l.'., Cardiac and ALBERT STEGEMAN, ALLEGAN. Put up it 60-lb. boxes (looseg, price Emnr Cnwrs 1' lb., 30-lh boxes (of 5-lb. packages, Tim ' GIVEN AWAY! . — hisisn benntifulsolid wedding ringmnde of Heavy Rolled Gold plate. Each k ring warranted. We want to introduce our new and beautiful Catalogues of Clcclis, Jewelry, ‘Natchez, Silverware, die. at once. SPE- CIAL 0fl'er: Send us 38c. in stamps and we will send you this elegant ring. We will nlsovsend you FREE, as in present, the “ Little W under” TIME KEEPER. just as shown in cut. A thoroughly , reliable teller of the time of day in -L a handsome Silver Nickel Hunting ‘\ Case. Cut one-third size. Address BABCUCK & C0., CSIIIBIDIUDK, Cllllll. Clover Loaf Can FOR THE Cream Gathering System. 5 Tim Cnnsrnsr AND BEST. Has the largest cooling surface. It is the most successful cream raiser and gives the best satisfaction of any can now in use. Patent allowed. Send for price li sllnllall & Duncan Knliiniazoo, lllicli., , 3 Manufacturers and dealers *3 g‘,_. ' in cresmery supplies. Piuions IN MICHIGAN! You can Save Money ’ by joining the Wisconsin State Grange in a. co-operative purchase» of Teas, Coifees. Barbed Wire, and many articles bought in large lots at corresponding reductions. We have a flourishing agency just across the lake in Milwaukee, with low rates of freight via. Detroit or Ludington Lines. Send for our Large Illustrated Catalogue, Mailed free to all applicants. No pay for goods, ordered under seal, until received and adproved. BARBED WIRE-—price for ebruary: 41/2, 5 and 6 cents per pound. Free sample of best (40 cents) Japan Tea by mail. Write for information, L. G. KNIFFEN. State Agent, 21-} VV. Water St., Milwaukee, Wis. IIDIIARGII HORSE HIIE AND CULIWAIIIB CUMBINEII For Hueing& Billing Potatoes, ' Corn. Onions. _Beet.s, Ca.hbages,Tui-inpa, &c. V Bays’ An Immense savlng of labor and money. VIr'e guarantee a boy can cultivate and hoe and hill potatoes, corn, etc., 15 tlines as easy and fast: as one man can the old wav. Illustrated Catnloiriie FREE. AGENTS VVANTED. Mention this paper. Address Monarch €n., 206 State St.,(‘liicii:,ro,llL 15m artit EEDS to P. of H. AT 20 PERCENT DISGUUN T. Being a fruit grower and a Patron I will supply Patrons of Husbandry with fresh seed direct from my SEED FARM AT 20 PER csnr DISCOUNT from catalogue prices. send me a trial oider and test my seeds. Buy of the grower and save the profit oi the middleman. CATALOGUE SENT FRI-IE. HEMAN GLASS; L;KEVlEW SHED FARM, Rocnssrss, N. Y. 15inar6t DAIRY OUEEN CHURN. The easiest Churn to run in existence, I6- quiring but one-third the labor of any other Churn made. Worked by hand or treadle. As easy to clean as a butter tray. A success with wind-mill power. Giving the best of satisfaction. Every Churn guaranteed. Send for Price List. Dairy Queen Churn Co., KALAMAZO0, Mien. Hand-Book FREE. R. S. & A. P. LACE)’, P-tent Att’y|, Washington, D. 0. Portable and Agrlcultnr ral. Send for circulars. _ Eaton, N. Y. 1mayie1n6t YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN Can save money by attendinglthe KALAMAZOO Business College. Fall term opens Sep t. 1. Send for Journal. PRESIDENT, - M ich . Kalamazoo. Homes 2 Texas Arkansas! Low prices, long credit. Rich agricultural and grazing lands. producing wheat _ rye, oars. corn cotton grasses, and all the choice fruits, near schools churches and railroads. Cheap land excursions every month. For maps of Tex:-s, Arkansas, Missouri, and Kansas, with all information. address J. B. I:‘RAWL]'lY, Pass. and Land Awul Missouri Pacific Ry' Co., 109 Clark street Chicago, Ill. "ncnin nnninn nn nun nnnnnnn A combina- \ tion by which all iarmors can make Cream- er Butter as we Ian keep it in is nice con- dition until it is marketed. It saves two» thirds the la- bor. Noiceis 5 . required as it is strictly a - ’ ' _ cold water re- The cream is taken from the top and is clear of sediment. The most complete amingement for the Farmer and Dairyruun in existence. Agents wanted. Send for circular and price list. MCCALL & DUNCAN, Kalamazoo, Mich. laprti THE DINGEE & CONARD C0‘S BEAUTIFUL r:vr:n.ni.oonn\‘a ROSE The onl establishment making THE DINGEE 6: CONARD CO Bose Growers, Wont Grove, chIue‘i' 03.’, Pl the customer keeping the 0113 that suits Order on trial. dress fo circiil ind location of Western and Southern Storehouse: and Agents. ~ P. K. DEDERICK do CO“ Albany. N. Y. l5aprern If you propose buying 3 V\'ind- mill, get full iiiforiiintioii ofthe Chain >ion\':inele.s's .\‘i-lf-Reg- ulatiiig \'indmill_ lt"_\'oii\\'aiil: the Ai,:e1ic_v fur the best \\'ind- nll“vl||\'(‘S1lL’Ii|l.H the nierits of the Chainpion-everyMil! ful- ly warranted, and {l.l\\'£1) 5.,i satisfaction. Twenty years’ ex- . perience in the manufacture - . of Pum sand Windmills. Send nr Catalogue. ‘L P0\\'E_I.L & DOEGLASS, \\ nukeanii, Ills. IF YOU WANT TO SELL A PUMP that mu give your customers entire sat- isfaction, take the agency ofour Star Wood Pum . Over ]0U.U00h:ivc been solclpin the U. S. Prices as low as for interior goods. Send stamp for 40 page Catalogue. POWELL & DOUGLAS, Waukcgaii, lll., Maniifzicturcrs of Wind Mills, Pumps, etc. IT WILL PAY YOU, If you run ii llluwer or Reaper, to pug- chase a BOSS Sickle Grinder. ' It will pay you if you want to handle is reliable Sickle (irindcr and one that is sold at reasonable prices. to handle the B035. More Boss Sickle Grinders are sold every vcar than all others made. Send for rice List. and Catalogue. gents wanted for unoccupied territory. TPOWELL & DOUGLAS, 11/aiikegan. Ills. , .5‘ Manu’i’rs of Pumps. Windmills. etc. 1-‘1sn1n,u; annP1nasnrn Boats.‘ . -: * Cedar nr Pine. A good Dilu- lzer-built boat. 13 feei long 3i‘-inch beam. weiuht50E‘.o 75 lbs. with oars. 8520. Boats built to order. Send suuni‘ 50! _ u c i_As w ukegxut. w. §‘a‘.‘3l£'i§c“:u...'?.‘-7f.‘:“'vi.%.'I.s'l‘ii'.’,‘i’»ump. etc: “ 1may2 t IEE LINE SELECTED BY THE U. S. GOV’? TO CARRY THE FAST MAIL Burlington JLUIB. / GOIG WE T ONLY LINE RUNNING TWO THROUGH TRAINS DAILY FROM CHICAGO, PEORIA & ST. LOUIS, Through the Heart of the Uoiiiineiit by way of Pacific J unction or Omaha to DENVER, 01' VH1 K3558-5 C13)’ and Atcmson to Denver, con- necting in Union Depots at Kansas City, Atchison Omaha. and Denver with through trains for ’ SAN FRANCISCO, and all points in the Far West. Shortest Lineto KANSAS cmr, And all points in the South-West. TOURISTS AND HEALTH-SEEKERS Should not forget the fact that. Round Trip tickets at reduced rate can be purchased via. this Great Through Line to all we H.’-alth and Pleasure Resorts oi’ the West and &uth-‘Nat, including the Mountains 0! COLORADO, the Valley or the Yosemite, the CITY OF MEXICO, and all points in the Mexican Republic. HOME-SEEKERS Should also remember that this line leads direct to the heart or the Government and Railroad Lands in Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, Colorado and Washing- ton Territory. It is known as the great THROUGH CAR LINE at America, and is universally admitted to be the Finest Equipped Railroad in the World for al classes of Travel. Through Tickets via this line for sale at all Rall- road Coupon Ticket Olxices in the United states and Canada. T. J. POTTER, Vice Pres. and Gen. Manager. PERCEVAL LOWELL Gen. Pass. Ag’: Chicago JNO. Q. A. BEAN, Gen. Eastern Ag’: .517 Broadway, New Y 1;’ a sue Washington ss.. notion.“ BUSIN ss of ROSES. 60 LAR _ Map omw CHICAGO & GRAND TRUNK 0””. 4’, for ROSES alone. We CIVE AWAY, 1 and GRANQ3RUNKl£LWAY5. mam" . J” :‘V,‘»' e time and Extras. more ROSES than most est..b- L. , as , .- . 5,, ' ,,,‘°,,§'/ hshments grow. Stron Pot Plants suitable for immo- * ' ,, c, A "0."’>,'¢‘». ’ ,- .....£.,L.. Q dlate bloom delivered eiy.postpa.id.to any X)O8Ir'OIfiC§'.. . J, 61 '12,, ‘=, '4, ‘w isms-suJl£~ 5 splendid varieties, your choice, all labeled. for 3|; , ,, -_ ’q ‘’'r, " ' _ r=Wf,‘.“§‘um' 9 0 I2 ors2: iotoi-:3; zero:-s4: 35 forss: 75 for \\: .. . ’ / ’°v " ‘ ‘ 4-v*°“.i°“.. = 8I0:_l0o for $13. our New cums a cnmflltlt ’ Q}, - A»; Trea‘ue on the Rose, 70 pp, elcqantly illustrated ':E‘;R,E]::. ' . ‘» :- . snswic si x Eiiiiisfriuci. 1 . .32 . 9'. ‘J 3.; 9* R '.i 5.. 5 v .v¢5o.o;o;9;o; 4 - / *- 7 - ::,.g -.,:.:n:o:,:,-:o:o:«~:s:o:«-:.:o.::*.;:-.12: qr’ ‘Z-.0.-I-.¢‘o 70.0.’ '4:-“o‘o’.‘-6.4‘ 9&9 < 4-‘~“-. -909:9 " ‘9“ ' "4Ii‘b”o ”’o“"o"o'»\°- - -9‘ s’-9 o » ,, ‘as o. 9 9 0 9&0 5!‘ > <90‘ ‘ ’<>“"o"o‘ ~90’ .c1’o"’ > .,._ 004 >596 -. isl- ‘B p 0 0 4r 0 . O, fibf . ‘F0. :0‘: .9 "r. =0 » is the only general purpose Wire Fence in use, being a Strong Net:-Work without Barbs. It will turn logs, pigs, sheep and poultry, as well as the most vicious stock, without injury to either fence or stock. It isjust the fence for (arms, gardens, stock range: and railroads, and very neat for lawns parka, school lots and ceme- ti-rles. Covered with rust-prooivpsint (or galvanized) it will last a life-time. It is Superlorto Boards or Barbed Wire in every respect. e ask for it a. {air trial, knowing it will wear itseilinto favor. The Sedgwick Gates, mode of wrought iron pipe and steel wire, defy all competition in nealnass, strength and durability. “'9 also make the best and che|pestA.il 1’.ronAuto1nntI.o or Self-Opening Gate, also Cheapest and Nest- est all Iron Fence. B4-It ‘Wire lslretrher and Post Auger. Also Manufacture Russell’: excellent “ind Enzlnenfor pumping water. or (reared engines for grinding and other light work For prices undwrtlculars ask hardware dealers. or address, mentioning paper,- SEDG ICK BROS. Mf’:'s.. Richmond. Indiana. l5msr6h-‘in .\l'l. . ’llll~l'll< grmiii Flint turn. pnnie .~'ee«l. i'.‘lI'I'|illl_\' ~<-lea-tell: I{lIliilll. 1'.-r*lv;.. Ili|]I|‘u'.«'-I la. _. 1. . . .211 _\‘\'llnw ilelil \'.'l!‘l(:llt‘.~'. ripening in from 90 to |00 days. lluw ii.-on ran-u-«l ' in the lilIllill('~Uf llll'll‘(ll'l"lll1llIrl'S fruiii 20 in -10 yr: ‘S. L'ii«li-r‘ ;::>ml l‘lIlll\'£lllIIll. <-urli li:i\'t' ’ _\Il‘l4li'|l ii-mu 1.10 in 200 liu.-'i s of vzirs in-r {l(‘.I‘('.; prim per peck. $I.0(): pa-r luu~lml. s3.(l0. - .\'u «-1.;u-j_n- fur lmxi-.-ui- ha,-_r . A discount on large unntil‘ s sainplv puck- :i:zi- of either .v-mini to an y ndilrcss for 10 cls. . ly lax‘,-:0 sic-ul (‘{l.l:ilu‘,."il‘ free In all. . H g JMES J. l. ECORY, SEED GROWER, Marblehed, Mass. BUSINESS ACCENT MICH. STATE GRANGE: THOMAS MASON, General Commission Merchant, 161 South Water Street, Chicago, Res ecifull Solici s Consi nmen s o FRUITS, VEGETABLES, gBU‘I'TfER, EGGS, GRASS SEED, RAW FURS, HIDES. PELTS, TALLDW ETC. BONDED AGENT OF THE N. W. PRODUCE EXCHANGE ASSOCIATION, ALL ORDERS Iisiii*s’iiii:”iT{6ii3sR ATTENTION. 'I'I-IE 1VIAs.3.A.E.£L FALLS AIIL I'.|I1"El / . LFVK AN’) I -mu rvi ' ' 1 k ' . B - ~. , . ' ’ v ‘ . ( v, i r v. r-, , . . .4 ' r \ Q .. ., k _- . > . .l"'. — G 4 I .2 V W C .- V .4 .,g..;,L. _ ( mum, N I ~-{E umsnu I P ‘N S Y L IA N I ‘ ' M; " V iiU>4L£Nln[ _ gl / nssuso Mlsgua,’ “ 4 , _ -ya: V H» cal ""5 A ““\" PNIL AuEu>nu'\N"l- ', CHICAGO & GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY TIME TAB K LE. December 30th, IP83. TRAINS WESTWARD.-—CEl\"I'RAi. MERIDIAN TIME. TRAINS EASTWAIlD.—€liN'I'RAL MERIDIAN TIMI- This. cut represents our Miniature Closed PATENT FLOWER EPOT. With every purchase of $5.00 or more in Clothing, Hats, Caps and fur- nishing goods We give one of these Pots. On breaking the same will be found a. card giving the holder one of these presents. ELEGANT UPRIGHT PIANO. STYLISH CARRIAGE HORSE, FINE TOP BUGGY. 1 SPLENDID 8 PIECE BEDROOM SET. FAMILY SEWING MACHINE Caiure, Toilet, Sewing ’l‘a.blcs, Fancy Chairs, Toilet Cases, Bruslies, Fine Shirts, Watches, and hundreds of other handsome presents. Remember you receive your present right after you purchase. THIS IS N O LOTTERY. But a. fair legitimate scheme We guarantee to sell goods as low as can be bought anywhere in the town. Men Suits $5 .0 $30 Boys Suits $2 to $18 Men’s Hats 85d. to $4. Boys Hats 25d. to $2. We sell a good all wool Casirnere Men suit at $5.50 This is cheap at $10.00. We Warrant all goods to turn out satis- faetorly. STAR CLOTHING HOUSE, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. ljun 1y Mention GRANGE VISITOR. People who may reside at so great a dis- tance from Grand Rapids that they cannot conveniently come to the city, can avail them- selves of the most extensive and varied stock of DRY GOODS V“ 7 Ii>°'4' gag" lsN8'8' ‘ N” 1 lLM‘i>}i Ariabi iioi i1" ‘ ' - ' my sci c reek ' innit. tnnt c a in so STATION‘ lExpress.i Exprmlt lPass’g’r. S"“Tm"5' E:I"s”l’m i Express Expresr Accom. WW’ "7 H _‘ ‘4fEx. Sun. Daily. :Ex.Sun. ' Daily. Daily. Ex.Bun Le. Port Huron_ is 35 ml 7 so in‘ s «o mu‘ 4 10 Pl Le,Chiciign_____ 9101'...‘ 3'21 pm 83!) Pr 5 201-- “ Imlay Uity-_ 7 50 2‘. ______ -. »‘i‘9 01') “ 1 519 “ “ C,RI&l’ Cros 10 U8 “ 4 13 “ 9 23 “ 6 20 “ ' : * 912 “ 9 :10 “ i 5 43 “ ‘ H RE-d(-IudaIe___ _______, _______, ______,_ _________ “ 3 955 H in i0 " - 525 “ - '- ‘r'Hl]léll‘ilI30 __ ll 50 - E 5 25 H 10 40 H _ 745 PM *3 2; ‘ :::: ____ __ “ Huskells__,_ 1207 pm‘- v ‘T m. net, D. G.ll.&il. 9 and iii} 83% H 3 430 5' jj §li||‘\l~'e1I;——5_ ‘ .. Pom,“ U 91,0 .. 1 933 .. ‘ 535 u on I on _ “ Holly H 95:; H uni] H 1 620 H n “ Gmllsem -—- , ...... __ . .~ , .. . .. ' ‘ ‘ - .12: " , 93-_l{I:v=I1._;__ 9 in In z- it In 19:- :2 .$.“::::;:l*: -- :1: if 11 “_».. .1. .. A N... 7. LV. Durnud___-, 945 “ .1030 " in ~15 “ ; 7 20 “ .. Sch 1 ,7," -“,8 ll ' " 1 36 an F. H. H Lain 11:0“ 11132 H 1150 '~‘s2sH .°°°"‘ -' """ " 'P " n )ig__ , J V . , .. I .. vlcksburs __ 3 2._, ll 8 1,», At 1 46 u . assgr “ Charlotte ___ ll 40 “ [1200 mr;12‘z2 Au‘ 9 U8 “ A, Bank, creek 4“) It 8 35 u 1 40 H Ex Sun Ar. Battle Creek 1 I (5 “ 1 103 " ii020 “ ' . . at It I - .r ‘T?’ , Lv. Battle Creek 4 A" 3 55 , A 35 ‘ 4 3" AM Lv. Battle Creek 1 25 “ > 1 2! “ "“"' u (,h,,,]m,e 5 24 IA l x 337 u ‘ 53.2 H “ Vicksburg __ 210 “ 2 17 “ ______ __ st I",msing_ "' lf(','1"5_'i'i'n 415 u ; 6”) II 2: §ICII’l"0(:(()5ll(lII:fl—- I‘: H2 28 U ‘ - Ar. Durand- “ I 5 25 “ 7 40 “ . - " “ ' """ " ‘ Lv. 1>u;._"n.'c.'i’i,ai 3 4 25 -- , 915 ‘ .: 8’;§‘i.°’’.°.'.3"‘‘' ‘ Ar. Holly, I _ 4 56 H 9 53 H u g,,,,,§ .,,,,;,§j _ """"""" “ ' H Pontiac, H =‘ 5 35 H 1040 “ u st,‘”wen____ __________ __ — “ Detroit, “ 6 ‘/'3 " 11 45 “ u H k.“ ____ I . " LV. Del..,G.W.lliv. 6 25 ______ _- “ Vdliiifraisso __ “ Flint 8 I5 “ >113?) “ ti U0 “ 825 " u RedeBdnle___ _ ‘ u i.npe'e'r'_':: sss H 31207 in‘ 635 “ 912 “ “ C,RI&P Crus 1-- -_ “ Imisy City-_ 9 ‘.25 “ ______ “H6 53 “ 9 34 “ Ar. Chicago ___- 7 45 “ ‘ 810 “ I ______ __ Ar. Port Huron- 10 ~10 “ 1 26 " l 7 50 “ 10 40 " I l 1 Way Freiglits leave Sclioolcraft, Eustward 5:35 P. M.; "31 umndard Timex which is ‘me h°‘“' slaw“ than Westward, 10:05 A. 151., except Sunday. E‘”"‘°"“ S‘““d““'d T”"°- Nos. 1, 7 and 8 will stop at Durand 20 minutes for N°5- 3- 3114 5. d8“Y- All 03131’ (731113 d&“)'. °XC°Pl me,,15_ Sunday. No. 4 will stop at Battle Creek 20 minutes for meals, P“"'-'"“‘ “I139” “"5 ‘"9 7"“ through “'llh°“t °h‘“18¢ . ,, I _. _ _ _ between Cliicugo and Port Huron, Detroit East Sagi- No. 1 will stop at Valparaiso 20 minutes for ineals. flaw nay City, Hamilton, Niagara Falls, éuilalo, New Nos. 3 and 6 have ll. Dining Cur attached between York, Toronto, Montreal and Boston. Chicago and Battle Creek. ~ - - Where no time is shown at the stations trains will D132? CSHRUIDI: find 6 we“ §mI:e§Ar:l:'w" . . I, . . . not stop 1‘ Traiiis do not stop for passengers except on signal. Traflic MBflKR9F, General Manager 1-}. P. KEARY, Agent. Schoolcraft Mich M. B. CHURCH “BEDETTE” CO., GRAND RAPIDS!) l\IICI-I., ——soLis MANUFACTURERS or—— Patented June 13, 1882. This invention supplies a long-felt want for a cheap portable bed, that can be put away in a. small space when not in use, and yet make a. roomy, comfortable bed when wanted. Of the many cots that are in the market there is not one, cheap or expensive, on which a com- fortable uight’s rest can be bad. They are all narrow, short, without spring, and in fact no bed at all. While THE Bnnnrrn folds into as small space, and is as light as anything can be made for durability. When set up it furnishes a bed long enough for the largest man, and is as comfortable to lie upon as the most expensive bed. It is so constructed that the patent sides, regulated by the patent adjustable tension cords, form the most perfect spring bed. The canvas covering is not tacked to the frame, as on all cots, but is made adju~table, so that it can be taken ofi and put on again by any one in a few minutes, or easily tightened, should it become loose, at any time, from stretching. It is a perfect spring bed, st it and easy, without springs or mattress. For warm weather it is a complete bed, without the addition of anything; for cold weather it is only necessary to add sufiicient clothing. The “BEDETTE” is a. Household Necessity, And no family, after once using, would be without it. It is simple in its construction,_ and not liable to get out of repair. It makes a pretty lounge, 9. perfect bed, and the price is within the reach of all. P B. I C E : 36 inches wide by 6; feet long, $3 50. 30 inches wide by 65 feet long, $3.00. 27 inches wide by 4; feet long (cover nor adjustable) $2.50. For Sale by F‘ux-niture Dealers Everywhere. PATENTS. LUCIUS 0. WEST. Solicitor of American and Foreign Patents, and Counsellor in Patent Causes. Trade Marks, Copyrights, Assign- ments, Caveats, and Mechanical Drawings. Circulars free. 105 E. Main st., Chase Block, FENNO & MANNING, Wnnl Enmmlssinn Merchanls. 117 Federal St., Boston. aprlti KALAMAZOO, men. Made. AND CAR1-'71l:T1NGs of every description to be found in Michigan, simply by writing us. Samples of nearly all ‘ kinds of goods can be sent by mail. All orders strictly attended to, and any goods sent, not satisfactory, can be returned, and the money paid for the same will be refunded. SPRING & COMPANY, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 1»-Smay f_’4t [Mention the VISITOR. We are the Original Grange Supply House, organized in I872 to supply the consumer direct with all classes of Goods at Whole- sale Prices, in quantities to suit the purchaser. We are not purchasing agents or commission men who buy their goods after they get an order. We buy from first hands in large quantities and carry in stock all the goods we handle. embracing Dry Goods, Clothing, Boots. Shoes, Hats, Caps, Fancy Goods, Hosiery. Gloves, Underwear, Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Silverware. Sewing Machines, Hardware. Tinware. Guns, Revolvers. Fishing Tackle. Crockery, Harness. Saddles. Trunks. Groceries. and in fact nearly Every- thing that is required in the House or on the farm. Our Buyer's Guide is issued in March and September of each year and will be sent free to any address upon receipt of postage. cents. It is a book of 216 pages. 8%x1l% inches. with over 3.300 illustrations of articles we handle. also prices and descriptions of all the goods we sell. Invaluable as a book of reference. Let us hear from you. Respectfully, MONTGOMERY WARD &. 00., ‘ 227 at 229 Wabash Ave-. chlcago. Ill. NORTHERN GROWN any EARL . ‘ Also Flower Vegctalbllle and Ficldl W0 mo ER HUGS. Sand for descrlpti Oonsignments Solicitetl and Cash Advances Seeds. M New Varitics oi Poia- I‘ toes. Order early. Catalogue Free. ‘gm f 3 bmed, F 1 G 0 ll ll men. N. um, Baraboo,Wis. assists. ....%r;..i.':.. .».,-3. -