dill" ...,,,_£‘._, .. . »_.. ‘JP r,_Q_v: $.\.\_~ \‘_\\‘. '.'~ :- mm llllllflllllllflwmmn “THE FARMER IS OF MORE CONSEQUENCE THAN THE FARM, AND SHOULD BE FIRST IMPROVED.” VOLUME l0,——NO. 18. WHOLE N0. 194. SCHOOLCRAFT. MICH.., SEPTEMBER 15, 1884. [Printed by Kalamazoo Publishing 00.] Publishers of the Daily and Weekly Telegraph. Combined monthly circulation of the three papers, 72,500. Entered at the Post Oflice at Kala- mszoo as Second Class matter. @711: grunge ifiisifur (ENLARGED) Published on the First and Fifteenth 0! every month, ‘T 50 CENTS PER ANNUM Eleven Copies for $5.00. J. T. COBB, Editor & Manager, To whom all communications should be ad- dressed, at Schoolcraft, Mich. Remittances should be by Registered Letter, Mona Order, or Draft. .,.,. ' Jul‘ paper is not sent only as ordered and paid/or in advance. Officers National Grange. Masrsa-—J. J. WOODMAN,Paw Paw,M ich. 0vnasnnn—PU'l‘. DARDEN, . . . . Mississippi. I.xo1'U'nnn—BZENB.Y ESHBAUGH, Missouri. Bra-wAan—-W. SIMS, ............. ..Kansa-B. Assr. S1'EWABD—-J OHN J. ROSA, Delaware. CnAi>r.Azn—-H. 0. DERVIES, . . . . .Maryland. Tmus'u'ann—F. McDOWELL,. . .New York. Sac’!-—W. M. IRELAND, Washington, D. C. Guru-Knnrna—-JAS. DRAPER, ..... . .Ms.ss. Cnans—-MRS. J. J. WO0DMAN,. .Michigs.n. Pouo1u—MB.S. PUT. DARDEN, Mississippi. FI.onL—Mhs. I. W. NICHOLSON,New Jersey LADY Assr. S-rnwAnn—Mns. Wu. SIMS,Kan Executive committee- D. WYATT AIKEN, ..... ..South Carolina. H. n. BINGHAM .................. .,.o_hio. on. J. M. BLANTON, .......... ..V1rg1n1a. Officers Mlchlgan state Granite. M.——C. G. LUCE, ................. ..Gilead. O.—-A. N. WOODBUFF, ..... . .‘.Watervliet. I.no.—-JOHN homsnoox, ...... ..Lan.sing. s.—-s. A. TOOKEB, ........ Home Ledg°- A. 8.--A. B. CLARK, ............ ..Mon-ice. C.—-E. R. WILLARD ....... ..White Pigeon. 'rau.s.—s. r. BROWN, ....... . .Schoolcraft. Sl(!..—J'. T. COBB, ........... ..Schoolcraft. G. K.—ELIJA.H BARTLETT, .... . .Dryden. CIIna.—-MR8. M. T. COLE, ..... . .PalmyrB- 1>oxosA.—Nms. LYDIA DRAKE, Plainwell. rr.oaA—MRS. D. H. STONE ............ .. L. A. B.—MRS. A. B. CLARK .... ..Morrice. Executive committee- mos. r. MOORE. 0h'n-... - -- --Adrim H. D, PLATT, .................. . .Ypsi1anti- 10%’ PORTER, .......... ..Grand Rapids. TEOMAS MARS, ........ ..Berrien Center. I. Q. A. BURB.INGTON,.....,....'I‘I1sc0l8- WM. 8A , .... .. ....Birmingham. 1. G, RAMSDELI. .......... . .Traverse City. 0; G. LUCE, J. '1‘. COBB, ..... ..Ex-0fii0i0- State Business Agent. THOMAS MASON, .......... ..Chicago, 111. General Deputy. JOHN HOLBROOK ............. . . Lansing. Special Lecturers. Thou. 1!‘. Moore. ...... "Adrian; Lenswee 00- Stark Lampman, ...... ..Tustin, Osceola Co. u, L, Stevens, ...... ..I’errv, shiawassee Co. Jason Woodman, . . . .Pa.w Paw VanBu.ren Co_ A. N. Woodrufi, .... . .Watervliet, Berrien Co, Mr. Perry Mayo,..Battle Creek, Calhoun Co. Mrs. Perry Mayo,. .Battle Creek, Calhoun Co- Prics List of Supplies Kept in the office of the Secretary of the MICHIGAN STATE GRANGE. And sent out Poet Paid, on Receipt of Gash Order, our the seal of a Subordmate Orange, and the signature ofsts Master or Secretary: Porcelain Ballot Marbles, per hnndi-ed,.. 75 Blank Book. ledger ruled. ior Secretary to keep accounts with members,_ .... .. l 00 Blank Record Boo_ka_, ( reu pend»... 1 00 Order Book, containing 1 Orders on the Treasurer, with stu_b,_well bound,.._... I0 Receipt Book, containing 100 _Beoa1pts _ from Treasurer to Secretary. with stub, well bound, ..................... .... 60 Blank Receipts for dues, or 100: 501111 50 Applications for Mambo aP°'-' 100» - - 50 secretary's Account Book, new style). . 50 Withdrawal Cards, per doz., .......... .. 26 Dimits, in envelopes, per don, ........ .. 25 By.I.a.ws of the State Grange, single lee 100, per doz., ................ . . 75 B - Wfiebounds-1 - ' ' ' ' ' ' ‘ ' "_' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' " 20 u 1.4 Echoes,” with music, Single copy lbots. per doa., .... .._...._. ....... -- 1 30 The National Grange Choir, single copy 40 cents. Per dozen..... ............ 4 00 annals, single copy» ----------------- -- 25 u r 023., ..................... -- 2 40 u if; Fifth Degree, for Pomona 10 Qnngag, r co , ................. - - Blank “Artifice oIf)yAssociation" for the [non ration of Subordinate Granges, gm; y of Charter, all complete,....- 10 yea“ to ' uent Members, per 100,. 40 Declaration of ‘l’nrposBB» P91‘ d°z-» 5°-3 40 Axi,.:a!i-iis‘.l.§‘il:viii;'..I1'¢3: Parliamentary Law M u H “ “ “ orocco 'l‘uck,).----------------"" 1 00 (H of Laws and 3111111832 --------- -' 40 ,,,, 3,... .......................... .. 16 Address, .1. 'l'. COBB- also’! Mica. 81-an Gasnel. SGHULu..O1sA.l"T. MICE '-».':~ .-J ‘.=ti&’§§«‘,&'s'.-..‘:‘£.=.-.«..'-1c"““"“ """‘ dnifulhnl’ Ennlmnl. SOMEHOW OR OTHER WE GET ALONG. The good wife hustled about the house, Her face still bright with a pleasant smile, As broken snatches of happy song Strengthened her heart and hand the while. The good man sat in the chimney nook, His little clay pipe within his lips, And all he'd made and all he'd lost, Ready and clear on his finger tips. “Good wife, I've just been thinking a. bit Nothing has done very well this year; Money is bound to be hard to get—- Everything’s bound to be very dear; How the cattle are going to be fed, How we're to keep the boys at school, Is kind of a debt and credit sum I can't make balance by my rule." She turned her around from the baking bread, And she faced him with a cheerful laugh; “Why, husband, dear, one would think That the good, rich wheat was only chaff. And what if the wheat were only chaff, As long as we both are well and strong; I’m not a woman to worry a hit, Somehow or other we get along. “Into some lives some rain must fall Over all lands the storm must beat, But when the rain and storm are o'er The after sunshine is twice as sweet. Through every strait we have found aroad, In every grief we have found a song; We have had to bear, and had to wait, But somehow or other we get along. “For thirty years we have loved each other, Stood by each other whatever befell; Six boys have called us father and mother, And all of them living and doing well. We owe no man a penny, my dear, We're both of us loving, and well and strong, Good man, I wish you would smoke again, And think how well we've got along.” He filled his pipe with a pleasant laugh; He kissed his wife with a tender pride; He said. “I'll do as you tell me, love, I'll just count up on the other side." She left him then with his better thought, And lifted her work with a low, sweet son — A song that followed me many a year, “Somehow or other we get along." The Farmer's Qualifications. Two qualifications are indispensa- ble in a profit Able hand for the farm- first, physical powers equal to the labor he undertakes to perform; sec- ond. intelligence ad uate to the profitable direction of t osc powers. Of the first it may be said in all se- riousness, that no man can possess them unless he has been accustomed tolabor and is habitually temperate in all things. As we cannot reasonably expect to gather grapes of thorns or figs of this- ties. so we may not hope for strength or the power of endurance in one unaccustomed to the exercise of his muscles, or addicted to any of those pernicious habits which diminish the strength and ultimately ruin the con- stitution. And then, as regards the other qualifications, without intelli- gence of the right kind—a knowl- edge of what ought to be done and how to do it--a man with the physical powers of a horse is but little better than a horse. He must be acquainted with those laws of vegetable and animal life which are eternal in their nature and uniform in their operation-with chemistry to the extent of its applica- bility to his profession—and, in a word with whatever departments and branches of science and art are known to stand related to his chosen calling. Superadded to these are the ordinary accomplishments of a gentleman, and those agreeable habits and man- ners which so essentially contribute tothe comfort and happiness of the domestic circle. . As the humble, yet earnest friend of the farmer, and as the advocate of his essential interests, we protest against the notion that the cultivator of the soil must repudiate refinement, or do less than aspire to the highest social position.-— Tribune and Farmer. How much interest have farmers in the interstate picnic in be held this month, 25th to 30th inclusive, at Williams Grove, in the Cumberland Valley, Pennsylvania? It is their own affair and will have great signifi- cence as an agricultural fair. Elab- orate arrangements for their ac- oommodation and pleasure are already made by the energetic manager, R. H. Thomas, who has proved his earnesfr ness, zeal and interest in the great on- terprises that enlists annually many thousand farmers, as it will this year, doubtless. But there is room for other thousands who may be sure of cordial welcome when they set foot on the de- lightful grounds where for ten years past the annual recurrence of these picnics has been an_ event of deep im- port in Grange affairs. It will be pleas- ant to all visitors to partlcpate in a work that proves how much farmers are advancing social growth and gain- ing in strength to conduct magnificent enterprises that redound to the cred- it of the great commonwealth of which they are the chief support This picnic should attract hundreds from New York, as it will from Ohio, Maryland, West Virgnis, New Jersey and Delaware, so say nothing of the thousands that Pennsylvania will turn into the grounds each day of the Week appointed for the meeting,—Husband- man, ~ ‘»>‘-JA_Il—3>zsn2...».v.'.-.—‘- ' . -‘V. Coffee Culture in Mexico. It is stated that capitalists have purchased many thousand acres of land in New Mexico, and that they intend planting it with coffee; while it is reasonable to suppose that they have good reason to believe they are investing wisely, a correspondent of the N. 1'. Herald says that they might as well try and grow potatoes on the roof of a house, as try and grow coffee there with any expecta- tion of its paying. lie has no doubt that it will grow, but that it will pay is quite another matter. There are plenty of places where coffee will grow where it is not now grown, but the great objection to them all is the scarcity of labor. Without; a plenti- ful and cheap supply of labor he says you cannot grow coffee successfully. Coffee planting is more horticulture than agriculture. l-Every tree has to be separately pruned, handled and manured, and when there are over two thousand trees to an acre, you will see that this requires a very large in- bor force. Another thing, the coffee crop ri- pens up very suddenly, and a large force must be at hand to pick it or it is lost. This question of labor is what is at present agitating the Brazilians, for since they began gradually to emancip-ate the slaves they are ex- periencing great difficulty in obtain- ing a sufficient supply of labor to manage their plantations. The capi- tal required also is much greater than is generally supposed. You could not bring, say two hundred acres into bearmg in a place like New Mexico for much under 5.560.000, and if you run into thousands of acres the capi- tal required would be enormous.—— Tribune and Farmer. Sheeps Horns for Horseshoes. A new horseshoe has lately been ex- perimented with at Lyons, France. The shoe is made entirely of sheep's horns, and is found particularly adapted to horses employed in towns and known not to have a steady foot on the pavement. The results of the experiments have roved very satis- factory, as horsest us shod have been driven at a rapid pace on the pave- mc‘-'.f; without slippin . Besides this advantage, the new s oe is very du- rable, and though a little more expen- sive than the ordinary one, seems des- tined sooner or later to replace the iron shoe, particularly for horses em- ployed in large cities. where, besides the pavement, the streets are inter- sected by tramway rails, which, from their slipperiness constitute a source of permanent danger. During the fiscal year of 1883 the U. S. imported 800,000 tons of cane sugar, of which Cuba furnished us with 426,- 000 tons or nearly half. We took al- most the entire Cuban crop; and if Cu- ba could furnish it,we should buy near- ly all our sugar of her, except what we produce at home. But the Cuban crop is diminishing; the planters are in sore financial straits. and the beef sugar production of Europe is pushing hard on prices, During the fiscal year 1883, we imported from Europe 50,000 tons of beef sugar. This year-our importa- tions of beet sugar is rapidly increas- ing. Moreover, our free importations of cane sugar from the Sandwich Islands are limited in amount only by the pro- ductive capacity of the islands. If the new Mexico treaty is put in operation satisfactorily, the country, if. is thought; may become agreat cane sugar produc- er within ageneration or two, provided always that cane sugar is not super- seded by the success of some cheaper process for making sugar from sor- ghum. Whenever the sorghum sugar manufacture fully succeeds, the lfnited States will probably become a sugar producer for the world, and rank that industry along with our cotton and possibly, superior to those great sta- ples in annual value. It is this hope which lends so much interest to the discussions of the sugar tariff. It is far reaching statesmanship which looks forward to the time-believed bv many who have carefully studied recent invention in the production of sorghum sugar to be not far distant- when the United States will not only cease to pay out annually near $100,000- 000 for sugar. but will supply our home markets, and will have one or two hundred millions worth to sell annually to other countries. WITH cane sugar at six cents per pound, the glucose factories in this country are coming to grief. Many of them have failed, and others are closed. Prof. Wiley says:. “The quantity of liquid glucose made in this country annually is probably not less than 30,- o00.000 gallons, each bushel of corn making from ten to eleven quarts, or two and a half to two and three-quan ter gallons of glucose. Fully two- thirds of this is used in the mixing trade, and therefore the quantity of glucose syrups made and consumed is c(—rt-ainly not less than 20,000,000 gal- l0ns.—Agricultural World. THE new lithographs of two of the large Exposition building are fine specimens ofartistic work, and reflect credit upon New Orleans where they have been drawn and colored. They are being sent allover the country and abroad. --«;-1ss..] <,-om: SliltI.\'l{A(&l-J. Indian corn contains 3 larger per cent of water in proportion to dry sub- stance than any other grain, the-refore, a. greater shrinkage must be expected. The same corn, under different circum- stauces and in different seasons, will vary its proportions. From sixtv-three :m:ilyscs of well dried corn m:xd1- at the Connecticut Agricultural lixperiinent Station, the result showed an muount of water ranging from 6 to 1.3 per cent.,o1'a11 average of lo‘._.' per cent. Professor Johnson says the new corn, as it reached the station, contained about 20 or 21 per cent. This would give a shrinkage of ten per cent, that is, Jon bushels of corn would be re- duced to N0 in the common drying pro- cess. (‘OIIN I-‘oruu-11:. When the fzmner has stored up the ears of corn in l1‘s bins, he has laid by only two-thirds of the feeding value of l1is crop. The stalks that bore his gruinbold the other third. Yes, the stalks, or corn-fodder as it is called, is worth nearly or quite 0110-half the grain for feeding stock. Gov. Bout- well estimates the value of his fodder at one—half the value of his hay, that is, if hay sold at $20 fodder was worth $10, and for every ton of fodder used he sold one ton of hay. Dr. Sturtevant estimates his fodder at six—tenths the value of his hay, that is, when he sold his buy at $22, his corn-fodder brought him in cash $13.20 a ton, "Yet so many farmers, iguorzmt of its true value, regardit only as a necessary evil, and waste it or even burn it. It should be cared for at husking time with much cert-aintyas the grain. The few who have huge barns and only moderate fields of corn can stow it away loosely in their barns but this Inethod is not generally feasible. To handle it easily bind it near the middle into small compact bundles, tying with rye straw or tarred twine. After a dozen or so are tied, set them up carefully in shocks. As soon as possible after husking. carry them under sheds or into barns, or have them risked or stacked convenient to burn or cattle- yards. The great essential is to keep them from being washed or bleached by the rains. By exposure, the carbo- hydrates. the nutritious parts, are changed to fibre. Dr. Lawes is author- ity for the statement that dried fodder loses nothing but the water iii the dry- ing. Therefore, its value is equal to that of green fodder, and it can be re- stored to its original condition by soak- ing in water. W hetber fodder, whole, cut, or steamed, is best for cows, or will cause a greater How of milk, is a disputed point. If given whole, it is not eaten as close as when cut, yet the waste, though it looks heavier, is only about one-tenth of the whole weight, and if tbrownintothe cattle ard be- comes a manure for a succee ing crop. If cut, there is no waste, and if mixed with bran or meal it makes an excel- lent provender. Cutting and steaming have been found, by experience, to pro- ducea very large quantity of milk. yet steaming and cutting are expensive, and in a trial of two methods—-one cut- ting and steaming. the other giving dry fodder with lukewarm drink, and bran and meal as warm slop—the cows did equally well and gave an equal amount of milk. _ Summarizing the main facts of corn cultivation which We have wished to impress, we find corn can be improved to reach our ideal, whatever that may be- 1st. Byacareful selection of seed, chosen with reference to characteris- tics, latitude, breed and its appearance as shown on the ear. 2nd. By cutting or tassels from barren stal 3d. By a careful selection of the best ears while yet on the stalk. 4th. By cross-fertilization. 5th. By thorough cultivation both before and after planting. Plow deep in Fall, shallow in _S ring; plow heavy soils _in Fall, 11 t ones in Spring. Harrow thorougtv ly. Broad- cast manure or fer ilizer after Spring plowing and harrow it in thor- oughly and evenly. Plant in drills as close as soil, moisture and variety will allow. _ Cultivate thoroughly till the corn IS In tassel; also, after every heavy rain; hand-hoe if neces- sary to kill weeds. Husk as early as ossible, taking the best of care of hot grain and stalks. ulling off the s. The Western Union Company is sup- plying its operators throughout the country with blank etitions for re- monstrances against ‘overnment tel- egraphy. Orrrcs or Mssraa, GILEAD, Mich , Sept. 10, 1834. 5 To the Zifasters of the Several Subor- dinate Grangcs in the Stale of 2iI2'chi- gczn; -1 havejust mailed to each one of you whose name has been reported to this office, a blank for semi annual report. These should all be filled out and returned to me as so an as the 1st day of Obtober. I cannot discharge my duty properly unless you comply with this request. There is not a Master in the State that would not be chagrined beyond measure, if when Michigan was called in the National Grange, your repre- sentatives are compelled to arise and report that they had received no re- ports, and have nothing to say. Quite a large number failed to report in the spring. Please let nom fail in the fall. Itis even more essential now than then. Take the blank to the Grange and serk advice from the members, so that the report shall be as full and accurate as possible. Ifthere is no meeting so that this course can not be pursued, sit down with the Secretary and till one. Fraternally yours, C. G. Luca. An Open Letter from Ex-Speaker Ball on the State Convention. To J. '1'. Cobb, Editor of the Slain Ora rye‘. Schoolcrafl, lllich.‘ DEAR SIR—In an editorial in the GRANGE Visrron of Sept. 1, entitled "The Barrel Campaign,” you criti- else the methods and means used by me supporters of Gen. Alger at the Republican convention in securing his nomination for governor. Among the large number of G.-n. Alger‘s friends who in a legitimate way se- cured his nomination you select me as an object of a base and scurrilous attack, making assumptions and tten commenting upon the same because, forsooth as an American citizen, I dared to have and express a choice for acandidate for governor which dif- {cred from your own. \Vhat other motives you may have had for such a course your readers will readiiv dis- 00791‘ as they peruse your diatribe to its close. I am not sorry that you have thus selected me as an oi-j--ctoi your spleen, in your disappointment as to your choice for governor, for two reasons. First, it gives to the readers of your paper a good opportunity to discover your remarkable ability as an editor and writer, as well as an evidence of your good breeding and gentlemanly bearing. Second, it gives mean op- portunity to say a few words which under other circumstances I should not feel at liberty to express. You say “the situation seemed bet- ter" understood by the farmers of the State, and a spontaneous demand sprung up that the Hon. Cyrus G. Luce, a farmer of Branch county, should be a candidate for governor. The demand was from all quarters and was not confined to the farmer class." To this statement I will say that some time during last spring I re- ceived a letter from you saying that “Senator Mars of Berrlen county (and a right good man he is) was bound to push Mr. Luce as a. candidate for governor,” and asking me if I would support his nomination.” In reply to your letter I frankly stated that I could not, as I was a candidate for lieutenant-governor and our interests would clash.” In your reply to my letter you found no fault, and said “without giving names you should work for a farmer for governor,” which you had a perfect right to do. I mention this matter to show how much spontaneity there was the farmers at that time for Mr. Luce or any other farmer for governor. To a close observer it would look more likea Grange demand, for Senator Mars was a member of the executive committee of the State Grange, J. T. Cobb, (the editor in question,) the Sec- retary of the State Grange, and the candidate for governor, the Hon C. G. Luce, Master of the Sate Grange. A large proportion of the farmers of Michigan are not Grangers, and many of them are strongly opposed to the Grange and its methods. those who believe in the principles upon which the Grange is founded and are its warm supporters do not favor the attempt of some of its of- ficers and membersjto have it diverted from its original designs and made a political machine sfor the advance- among Many of merit of any of its members, for it was non-political in its establishment and should be in its management. As to such remarks as “ These schemes to defeat Mr. Luce found a ready helper in the person of the Hon. Wm. Ball of Hamburg, a farmer who, in his ambition for place, had been casting about all summer to find an opening that would give him promise of a place on the Republican ticket for Lieutenant Governor,” and “ It must be a great comfort to him as he re- views the work of Wednesda , the 13th of August, to see how quic y be was thrown overboard by these same po1iticians,’; etc., etc., and “ forget- ting their obligations to Farmer Ball who sat waiting the expected reward of treachery to the farmers of Michi- gan,” and kindred others. I have this to say, that they are worthy of their author, and with one exception should be unnoticed and consigned to the foul source whence they came. The one exception made is the remark “ who sat waiting theexpected reward of treachery to the farmers of Michi- gan.” This assertion is basely false and in keeping with many of your assumptions made in “ The Barrel Campaign.” I notified you by letter that I would not support Mr. Luce as candidate for Governor months ago. Hence there could not have been a betrayal. Perhaps to the public I owe an apol- ogy for inflicting upon their patience this letter, but to the man who skulks behind his editorial shield and wan- tonly attacks another (who happens to differ with him) in the miserably mean, selfish and lying manner in which you have attacked me, I have nothing further to say, and drop him as I would any other creeping reptile. WILLIAM BALL. Hamburg, Sept. 4, 1884. . ..,,a.. ~ was-7“ SEPT 15, 1884. Tflflfig 3 , tljummnuiratinni. Political Influence and the Farmer. [An oration delivered at the Com- mencement exercises of the Agricul- al College, by C. C. Lillie of Lamont, Mich.] It is perfectly obvious that agricul- ture has made and is still making great progress. The aid which the natural sciences have rendered to the farmer is of inestimable value. But their work is not done and the farmer’s work is but begun. To establish :1 science so abstract as agriculture and give it many well-defined boundaries by slow experiment requires time, thought and labor. Hence agricultural pro- gress has been and is indeed slow; but the present is brighter than the past and points to a still brighter future. In this progress in the sciences which have done so much for the far- mer, an important element has been forgotten or overlooked. The best minds which are interested in agricul- ture have been absorbed in its scien- tific progress and they have forgotten and allowed the farmer to forget that he isa citizen as well as a tiller of the soil. That he has political du- ties to perform; that the nature of his calling requires him to assume cer- tain political responsibilities; that he must have influence and dignity with his scientific knowledge or this will not accomplish all its possibilities either for himself or his profession The masses must be educated and ele- vated, and the farming class must pos- sess men of influence to give dignity to the calling. These men must main- tain the political rights of the farmer in general, and rouse them from their conservative tendencies or the rank and file never will become stimulated to thought and activity. While we should not depreciate the value of any effort towards the farmei s scientific progress, neither should we lose sight of the fact that he rt quires, and his calling, being so directly af- fected by legislation—demands some- ting more than this to elevate him to that plane and position which he should occupy and to which he is des- tined. What the farmer wants is more influence. He needs not only practical men but also eminent and influential men who will carry his cause into the halls of legislation and sustain his dignity in society. In no other way will the farmer and his sci- ence receive proper respects. It is great men who command res- pect. With every class it is the leaders who make the progress. They are the standard bearers who advance to the front stimulating the many. In the development of philosophy and religion, in every social and civil re- form, in every step towards political advancement and national prosperity all progress has been largely due to the great men who have planted the ban- ner of truth and right and justice and knowledge and liberty above and be- yond the people and are valued en- signers who have guided and encour- aged the many towards their own ex- alted station. If we look back over the broad pages of the world’s history we shall see that at all times men have striven for influ ence and power among men. And it is, therefore, but natural that an ambi- tious man should consider well what profession or calling he enters. If he finds that one gives him a better place or line of promotion to power and emi- inence than another. with this, though the risk be greater, he casts his lot. The influence the farmer needs more especially is political influence, be- cause this is always a great power, and because it directly affects his in- terests. In this he is sadly deficient. The time is gone by when the farmer was the statesman, when the farmer was the man possessed of national in- fluence. Slowly this has been taken from him till other professions-more especially the law-wield all the power of the State. There has been a slight reaction within the last few years and the farmer is regaining a little but no united action has been had. Is not lack of influence and the absence of a probability of promotion to public notice, regard and posilion a reason why so many of the best youngmen- leave the farm? They cannot like the work of an oEce so much better than the work of the farm; but the law is the stepping stone to something bet- ter; it is a means of promoting them to power and influence. Ambition is not content with the necessities of life; it must have something more; it must have eminence and esteem, or fall in the attempt to gain them. The farmer has some disadvantages. He is isolated from scciety. Many possess but moderate means. But greater than these he is not sufficiently interested in his own welfare.’ He works too much and thinks too little. He does not comprehend the impor- tance of gaininga large influence for his profession’s sake. It is not merely placing one or two men in power, but establishing a line of successive pro- motion in power which will stimulate, elevate, dignity and raise in impor- tance the whole rural class and make its influence felt among men. Men can . be found in the ranks of the farmer. Why, the Grange in the last ten years has alone educated men who, iif the farmers would but unite and support them for public office would do honor to themselves, to their calling and to their country. Agriculture is the foundation of all callings and professions. It makes the founding of cities and states possible. It drives the commerce and industry of the world. It supports the throb- bing pulsations of the world's mind and heart. In this country it repre- sents more wealth than any other call- ing and employs three-fiftlis of the voters of all. ‘Its interests are direct- ly affected by legislative and execu- tive action; and it is represented in our legislature not by farmers but by lawyers. The farmer does not desire to be represented in all public ofiices. The nature of his calling is such that even if he did it would be impossible. He has no business nor does he wish to be represented in the judiciary, but he has a right to be represented in that branch of the government which so particularly and peculiarly affects his interests. The lawyer whom the far- mer helps place in power is not prac- tically interested in the farmers’ dear- est interests; in extending the signal service so that it will be of practical benefit to agriculture; in appropriating money for scientific investigation and agricultural experiment, nor in beauti- fying and adorning rural America; in pushing the cause of agricultural education, and supporting our agricul- tural schools and colleges. It is not human nature for one to be so deeply interested in the interests of other classes as in those of his own. It rests with the farmers whether they shallrepresent their own inter- ests, and have their share of political influence or not. They have qualified men now and they are becoming more numerous and better qualified every year; and they have rights and inter- ests which no one can deny and which no one will work for as well as themselves. Place the farmer in a line of success- ive rromotion in power, in politics; let the youngmen on the farni know that from their number, if they are competent, will be chosen men to re- piesent their interests in the State and National assemblies‘:'—and what will be the result? The best talent will not leavethe farm to recruit the other professions; the influence and dig- nity of the farmer is increased, and much of the drudgery of farming is gone; the standard of education is raiscd—~the whole rural population will move onward and upward towards a higher plane. Give the farmer influ- ence aiid dignity enough so that every individual will have the earth and its fruit; respect his calling; as a means to this lift them from the dust and mire of ignorance; free them from the thralldom of hereditary conserva- tism; do this and thought and pro- gress will move agriculture to the front and elevate the people and the calling. The Interests of Farmers and Mechanics. To the G/rangers of ]|1i'chiga7i; It is generally a recognized princi- ple, that those who work and produce all wealth, are opposed to the interests of those who do not work at all, or very little, and enjoy the much larger por- tion of the wealth produced. Now, the mechanics, laborers, and farmers, pro- duce all the wealth of Michigan; but do the mechanics, laborers, and farmers own all the wealth of Miclrigan? In the city of Detroit 802 individuals and firms, composing less than 22,000 persons own more than half the wealth ‘of Do- troit. Is it possible that 2,000 people can produce more than 122,000 other people? Every man with an ounce of sense knows that it is impossible. But the strangest fact in connectidn with this is that these 2,000 people who can own more than half the wealth are those who do but very little work, This fact must lead every thinking person to the conclusion that our meth- ods of distributing wealth are mon- strously wrong. The mechanics and laborers have come to this conclusion, and have organized unions for the purpose of bringing out more equity in distribution. The farmers have come to this con- clusion, and have organized Granges for the purpose of bringing out more equity in distribution. Therefore the objects in the unions and the Granges are alike. Now, if these organizations are working for the accomplishment of the same end, what is the reason they do not work together '8 If you have a field of tough turf to plow and you can’t do it with one horse, you put two horses to the plow, do you not? If one horse was hitched to the plow beam, and the other to the handles, you wouldn’t get much plowing done, would you? Well, that is what has been the matter with the producers of Michigan; they have tried, each in their separate organiza- tions, to.do what they were not strong enough to do alone, or else they have pulled in opposite directions to accom- plish the same purpose. Suppose, again, you wanted to dig a cellar and one gang of men shoveled the dirt out, while another gang of men shoveled the dirt in? You would never get a cellarthis Way. Well, the working peo- ple will never do what they want to do so long as they work in the same way they have in the past. We are kept divided by bad politicians and profit mongers, and I believe it is now time we should open our eyes -and, look squarely at the ways by which we an robbed of the fruits of our toil and take united action to put a stop to it, I have talked for some years past among the trade unions and Knights of Labor assemblies to work up a sentiment looking towards united action on their part and that of the Grangers. Some of the best and most intelligent men in the Grange movement as” well as in the trade union movement have said to me that this ought to be done. There are about 700 or 800 labor organizations in the State, including Granges, Trade Unions and Knights of Labor assemblies, and what a power for good acombination of this element would be if it were guided intelligently. Grangers and other working men and women of Michigan—the powers of cor- porations and capitalists are organ- ized against us, and if we are to save ourselves from conditions worse than were those of the slaves of the South we must combine to defeat their bad designs. Let us hear from you on the subject. JOSEPH A. LAISADIE. Lansing, Sept 3. 1884. ._._.—————-——————-—-——————— Public High Schools. In a previous article upon the subject of “High Schools as a Branch of the Public School Systein," it was not in- tended to disregard the value or impor- tance of a high school education to all such pupils as desire, and who can avail themselves of the studies usually em- braced in this department. Neither was it designed to show that instruction in the branches usu- ally taught in high schools did not edu- cate to a higher sense of “The duties of the citizen to his country, the parent to his family, man to himself and his God; an intelligent appreciation of the amenities of social life. the cordialities of friendship; and that deep philosophy, high degree of self-knowledge, search- ing insight into the human heart, a per- fection of mind and soul that shall tend to make a good husband, or father, or brother.” Neither was it claimed, that a first- class high school did not tend “to de- develop manhood, to produce physical- ly, intellectually, and morally, full grown, well-poised, symmetrical men and women with great hearts and souls, all on fire with love for the race, all aglow with thoughts full to over- flowing with noble, magnanimous, generous sen teiices”——a most gigantic undertaking certainly I No. We have to do with the single question of taxation for school purpos- es. To what extent shall taxes for the support of free schools be levied upon the people, in View of public benefits, public necessities, public use, and the original basis and theory upon which free schools were ordained and estab-: lislied. Not many years ago, in all district schools. teacher’s salaries, and the current incidental expenses were provided for by a “rate bill,” taxed upon parents and guardians, and none others for pupils attending the schools; whereas, at the present time, all prop- erty is assessed equally for the support of public schools, irrespective of per- sonal benefits, or representation there- in. It would seem that the justificatioii of the act of general taxation for main- taining free schools, must rest upon the theory or belief, that public morals. public thrift, and general welfare of society are promoted and enhanced, in a degree, at least equivalent to the out- lay in the direction indicated. Oh no other justifiable grounds can A. who has no children, be required to educate B's children. Now the practical question is, what amount of instruction shall A. furnish the children of B.'gratuitously in order to realize to community, the benefits alluded to ‘P Shall it be,’-a full academic or university course? If the answer is in the aflirmative, then may we not go a step farther, and say—that moral and religious culture is also clearly indicated as an almost imperative necessity of the times, in view of the alarming social, commer- cial and political debasement of the people; and that church edifices should be built, pastors employed, Sunday schools opened, and all ecclesiastical and evangelical work for the christain~ ization of men and women, should be done under the auspices of the State, and by a general tax I The State laws require——that each school district, shall annually raise by tax upon the taxable property of the district, such sum in addition to the primary fund apportioned, as shall be necessary to make the several schools of ‘each district free of tuition in all English Branches, to the resident scholars thereof. Now the high school branch of any given graded school, may conform mainly to the requirements and spirit of the law as above, or it may reach far beyond, and embrace a course of instruction clearly collegiate in scope and character. It is believed that the following tak- en from a public school catalogue, in a thriving village of 11,220 inhabitants in 1872, and a census of 3,132 children, between the ages of 5 and 20, repre- sents afair average of the course of studies in the various high schools of the State: ssiiegri vismi-roe. History, Physica_l'Geography, Rhetor- ic, Analysis, Englfih Literature, Men- tal Philosophy, Science of Government, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Astronomy, Botany, Geology, Zoology, Geometry, Algebra, French, German, Greek, Latin, Music and Drawing. _The average number of pupils be, longing to the high school in question- for the year indicated, was 51 ; of which number, 20 were non residents. The average cost of instruction per pupil as above, was $60.11; these fig- ures being taken from the report of the superintendent made to the board of education that year. The average price of tuition for non- residents that year, was $24.00. So that we find, that the public spirited tax- payers of that high school district, not only built a high school building, lur- nished, warmed, kept it in repair; but hired teachers, and educated children from abroad for $16.11 less per capita, than it cost for their own pupils; while the whole number of resident pupils enrolled in the high school, was scarce-. ly two per cent of the entire number attending school. Will it be said, that there was a mor- al or legal obligation resting upon the citizen tax papers of the village, to car- ry on a high school under such circum- stances? Will it be said, that a legal or moral obligation rests upon the citizens or any boards of education of any school district in the State, to levy taxes, erect buildings, and hire teachers. to furnish instruction in the branches above named, to such a small number of resident pupils? Twelve years are required in most of the graded schools of the State to com- plete the full course. A pupil entering the primary de- partment at seven years of_age, will be 10 years old at graduation. Whatever may be the value of a high school education to the professor’ the community, or the State, certain it is, that scarcely five per cent of the resident pupils in any district that commence in the primary grades, ever enter the high school, or graduate. So that we find practically, a depart- ment of the public schools presided over by the most costly professors and teachers in the whole list. spend- ing their tinie in attempting to impart instruction in Greek, Latin, French, German, etc., to a select few, at the expense of the great body of non-par- ticipating tax-payers of the district. If it is more blessed to give than to receive, then tax-payers are a favored class certainly; in that the opportu- nity is never wanting until death closes the account; for the tax-gatli- erer is ever crying—-give, give. It is an easy, inexpensive thing to say~"Let these temples of higher cul- ture, (high schools), be opened” &c, but entirely another matter to earn money to build them, equip them, and pay the yearly salaries of teachers who occupy them. Every mechanic, day- laborer, widow, or other person own- ing the hiimblest cottage; and practic- ing the most rigid economy to “make the ends meet" must pay a portion of the expense. There are between nine and ten thousand persons. according to the last census in this State-superintendents, professors, principals and teachers in the public and other schools, engaged in teaching as a livelihood, These teachers comprise a. distinct class of persons, desiring employment and collectively, and individually, they advocate, and have a direct interest in an elaborate, prolonged and advanced course of instruction in the public schools. as well as other institutions of learning, which not only enlarges the field of labor as teachers. but, in reference to the higher grades, gives a certain percentage of those who are specially fitted, amonopoly of the busi- ness at large salaries. Teachers as a whole, pay us taxes; and while they enjoy their salaries, they can scarcely appreciate the finaii- cial burdens borne by a large class of people. who are compelled by law to contribute to the school fund. The present comprehensive and ad- vaiiced course of instruction in the high schools of the State. has beena growth, a development; an accretion of plans and practices that have been adopted from time to time by sugges- tion, by contact, by visitations, by fash- ion, by a spirit of emulation and desire to excel all others; and while preced- ing school boards have, as a rule, under the advice and dictation of superintend- ents and teachers constantly added to the system, no succeeding boards, as a rule, have had the moral or physical courageto take anything away. School boards, generally are sincere believers in that most comforting and soothing of all human philosophies, that “Whatever is, is right.” As an argument in support of, and as a part of the advanced system of ed- ucation in the public schools, it is claimed; “That it is incumbent on the State government to make provision for fitting teachers for their work. That the high school should prepare them for the technical training of the normal school, both constituting a part of the free school system.” Whatever benefits the public may derive from such eleemosynary train- ing, do such teachers so educated and fitted for their work, when employed in any school district, abate anything from their wages, because of such free instruction;or acknowledge any obli- gation or indebtedness to the public whatever? In other words, do they not exact the full market price for their services, the same as if they had fitted them- selves for the business at their own private expense? If the public are required to fit teach- ers for earning wages—wages that are much in excess of the average earnings in other occupations; then logically, it would seem equally incumbent upon the State; and public money should be appropriated to educate trade apprentices, artisans, mechanics, engineers, scientists, poets, philoso- phers, artists, doctors, lawyers, clergy- men,statesmen, and all persons follow‘ ing any of the known professions, avo- cations and employments mankind eii- gage in for a livelihood! N01 Let us be just and impartial in our treatment of all classes and con- ditions. Let us remember, that just in the background of this gorgeous theory of high technical training, and aisthetic culture, are the sweating, toiling masses of the people, contented to be sheltered, clothed and fed; while they are compelled to eke out a share of their hard-earned pittance for the sup- port of government and all its varied institutions. Justice clearly demands, that the vast sums of money annually raised by tax for the support of common schools, shall be wisely and econom- ically expended; not in luxurious adoriiments and the elaboration of a merely technical routine; but in ac- cordance with that time-honored prin- ciple—-"The greatest good to the great- est number." FRANK LITTLE. POSTAL JOTTINGS. Worthy Master J. J. Woodman of the National Grange, says: "A Subor- dinate Grange can do no act which will benefit its members more, or add more to its prosperity than to put a Grange paper into every family connected with it." ‘No have raised enough to live on for another year. Wheat is turning out about 15 bushels per acre, good quality and brings 80 cents. Oats run 30 to 50 bushels. Potatoes good. Corn will be short, owing to the drought. The amountof wheat sown this fall will be less than usual; not much fallow plowed; a good deal of stubble put in. We have had a very extended drought, in fact, all summer. Well, the same thing has happened again. No farmer governor! The wires were pulled too strongly for us. Served us right. More anon. WM. CAMPBELL. A new use claimed for chicken feath- ers is to cut the down from the stem of the feather with ordinary scissors. When a quantity are cut and collected in a bag, knead them thoroughly five minutes when the mass will be well fitted together forming a substitute for cotton, which, it is said, in Paris sells for two dollars a pound. This may not seem very practicable at first, but if the work be given to the chil- dren it would prove pastime and profit. Another mode of further utilizing poultry products, and which is not as generally practiced as its merits would warrant is to dry the egg shells in the oven, pound them fine and feed in the winter. The virtue of the plan is ap- parent. 0. My friends, did you ever think about the moral standing of the people that are patrons? If you did, and were honest and unprejudiced in your think- ing, you came to this conclusion, their moral standing is high; as a class they are honest,virtiious,industrious and sen- sible; keenly alive to the great moral and educational interests of humanity. doing as they would be done by, ever ready to help on the side of right, and as grandly firm agaiiist wrong. Do you hear profanity, obscene stories and jokes around and in Grange halls, idle, scandalous gossip, language that profits nothing? Commendable as to character is the grand array of Patrons. Mns. P. MAYO. In the last Vrsrron D. W. says, “We have four presidential candidates in the field and all have spoken their piece and we must take our choice.” The candidates on the Republican and Democratic tickets, are both in favor of monopolies, and would surely turn their backs to the farmers call. Ben Butler is my choice, he being an anti- monopolist, and in my opinion would hew down some of these strong- headed monopolies, and work out just what the Patrons and farmers have so long sought. for; Further down D. W. says, “The farmers boom for gov- ernor is ‘busted’ and growling is heard on every hand,‘ and what are we going to do about it.” -What are we going to do about? Would you lock your barn after your horse is stolen? We got cunningly beaten; Gen. Alger, the Detroit “dude” worked the thing very sharply to get what he accomplished. I believe in the ofiice seeking the man, and not the man the ofiice; I think we have yet a fine chance to lock the barn that Alger so cunningly opened, and the time to turn the key will be No- vember 4th. 0. F. PLOWMAN. Sept. 0th, 84. [Continued on Sixth Page.] __I Liiiir our millionaires to the pos- session of what their own sagacity, un- aided by mere luck or the tricks of the stock market had earned, and then impose upon them Peter Cooper's con”-. science, and many a foul quarter of our great cities might receive sanitary improvements, and many a poor house- hold now desperate under an unjust impoverishment would be happy and ambitious.—Ret'. Geo. A. Thayer. It is certainly to be hoped that the question of who shall rule-the cor- porations or the people—will be defi- nitely settled. The longer the ques- tion is deferred the more formidable it (will beconie.—Cin(:innu(i Grange’ Bul- etin. ‘ It is estimated that upwards of 300,- 000 boats are now running on the New York canals, and business is increas- ing, pointing to a good fall trade. ' NOTICES OF MEETNGS. The Lapeer County Pomona Grange will be held in the hall of the North Branch Grange, No. 607, on Tuesday, October 7, 1884. Every member of the several Subordinate Granges is cor- dially invited, for in good, hearty wol- come is expected. The County Convention, for the purpose of electinir delegates to the State Grange, will be held at the same» time and place. PROGRAMME. Afternoon Session. Music-—by North Branch Grange. Walter Moore of North Branch Grange, Mr. Button if Flint River Grange, Sister Odell of Lapeer Coun- ty, Mr. F. Muir of Pine Stub Grange, and Miss Eunice Schell of Elm Creek Grange, will give us something which will be highly entertaining and in- structive; which something is to be of their own s-lecting. Discussions will follow each subject- PRCGRAME. Evening session. Music——by all. Resolved, that the Tariff is amore important question in the present campaign than temperance. It is expected that every member will take part in the discussion of this question. E. E. OWEN. The Washteiiaw Pomona Grange will meet with Fraternity Grange, in the township of Augusta on the first da of October at 10;30 A. M. All fourt . degree members are in» ited. PROGRAM. Address of Welcome—-by Bro. John II. Campbell. Res oiise—by Bro. Groves of North- field range. General lhisin Small Fruit and its Culture,—S. l’. llaillard. l