)u..

g__.

vI0i.."xv1i. NO. x.

THE’ TARIFF ON WOOL.

 

“TIIE FARMER IS OF JIIURE (’0.\'SE(,)(fI']. 'CE THAN  FARJII, AND SHOULI) BE

,:“In Australia in
j40,00U.000 sheep; in 1886, 60,000,-

l.ANSIN(l,i in

CIIIGIIE

Al’l{Il. 15,1892.

1870 there were 5 quote from a letteg from Mr. A. E. ionly the farmer, and every one ‘of

Shepherd of Texas, who appearedgthe article’s mentioned come in

  

From the Standpoint ofa Wool Grower.  000, and in 1890 there Was as many
‘ as 90,000,000 sheep, and at an

HON. JOHN T. RICH.

,}the increase can be at once under-

{ average of lbs. of wool per sheep i

,before the committee of ways and ;
;means in Jauuary,,,1889, and asked ‘
for additional protection on wool ,

direct competition with the far-
mer’s wool while the protection to
the manufacturer remains the same.

This question has been discussed
so much recently that it would
seem that the interest in the sub-
ject must be exliaiistetl, as every
one would have by this time formed
his own conclusions. There can be

no doubt of the (lesiral)ility of’

raising wool in a country where
um‘ per capita. consumption is $9,-go
p(,‘llll1l.‘ annually, while (ireat Brit-
ain, the next lai'ge-st consuming
nation in ;he world, is only 0,",-,
pounds. \Vhilc the American peo-
ple. 01‘, more properly speaking.
the people of the United States,
are only one-sixteenth of the pop-
ulation of the world, they consume
nearly oiie-tliird of the wool con-
sumed. It would then seem to

require no argument to prove that ,
in a country of such a character as‘
our own, with its adaptability to

wool raising equally with other
agricultural products, that wool
should continue to be one of our
important products. It adds fer-
tility to the soil, diversifies our
agriculture, furnishes cheap and
wholesome meat for our people,
increases our wealth and makes us
more prosperous in peace, and

stronger and more independent in;

time of war.

‘With this much conceded, and
the fact that wool has always been
on the protected list, though not
always adequately protected, the
question arises, has the business
been more profitable than other
branches of agriculture? This
question is answered in the nega-
tive by the fact that for the last

seven years, including 1891, there

has been a falling off in the num-
ber of sheep in the United States,
while the population has increased,
and an increased amount of almost
all other products and an increased
consumption of everything, includ-
ing wool.

During the year 1891 there was
an increase in the number of sheep
of 1,500,000. This increase of the
number of sheep occurred the first
year after the tariff act of 1890 had
become a law. It is urged as
against this law that wool was lower
in 1891 than in 1890, which is true,
not only in the United States but
throughout the world. As the
fall in price was much greater in
other portions of the world than
here, it is fair to presume the price
would have been lower had it not
been for the protection of the law
of 1890. In support of this state-
ment I quote from the address of
the Wool Consumers’ Association
to Congress asking for free wool:
“ The almost universal fall in
-prices was caused in a very small
degree, if at all, by the tarifi’ act
of 1890. The tremendous losses in
the Argentine Republic and else-
where, the failure of the Barings,
the distrust caused by silver legis-
lation, the low price of cotton in
the South on account of an enor-
mous crop, the failure of crops in
the North and \Vest prior to 1891,
causing dull trade and reduced
consumption, are the principal
causes that brought distress and
falling prices.”

In addition to the causes given
above was the enormous importa-
tions of wool and woolens in antic-
ipation of the passage of the law of
1890; also the especially mild
weather for the past two winters
which materially reduced the de-
mand for heavy woolens, and last
but not least the enormous increase
in the wool production of the world
and especially in Australia.

The London Economist of Oct.
3, 1891, in explaining the cause
for the lower prices for wool says:

jstood.
ionies now possess sheep to the
‘number of 110,000,000, and there
jalone is a supply equal to :'35(),000,-
000 lbs. of wool per annum, after

colonies. * * From Australia
and Cape of Good Hope there has
in eiglit months 52,200,000 lbs.
, more of tllc staple reached us than
was the case last year; and the
prospects are that these augmented
supplies will be continued. More
wool has also reached us from In-
dia and other countries." There is
no claim that it costs as much to
raise wool in any of the above-
Illelltioiietl c.o1intries as in the
United States, nor is it claimed
that the limit of wool production
has been or is likely to be reached
, in the near future. \Vith these
lstubborn facts staring us in the
,’face it is not easy to see how the
§Anierican wool grower can be ben-
lefited by free wool, or, in fact, how
he can compete on terms of equal-
ity as to the American market with
such conditions at all.
The price of American wool has
been governed by the price of wool
in London. This is conclusively

shownbv a_ comparison made of
the price of woo in London and

New York for the twenty-five years
preceding 1891, as compiled by
Mr. Charles Avery of the firm of
Ma"yer & Avery of New York aii(l
ll3oston and published in the Nat-
ional VVool Manufacturers’ bulletin
of December, 1891. It shows that
Ohio washed wool has been higher
than its nearest corresponding
grade of Australian wool (Port
Philip fleece) but rarely bv the
full amount of the duty. This is
however accounted for by the fact
of the greater uniformity of the
foreign wool and the difference in
the method of doing it up. The
demand for woolen goods, both at
home and abroad, is the chief ele-
ment in causing the fluctuation in
price of wool, both domestic and
foreign. It is conclusively shown
that the falling off in the price of
wool has not been confined to the
United States, by the fact that in
1866 a bale of Australian wool was
worth on an average $122 per bale,
and in 1889 only $67. There is a
duty of 11 cents per pound on un-
washed Merino wool under the
present law, but only the best wool
which can be got through our cus-
tom houses is imported. The un-
washed Merino wools imported are
almost invariably skirted; all
the Wool that grows on legs
and faces, and a portion of
the bellies, is left out of the fleece;
less twine or no twine is used in
doing up the fleeces; and only that
which is free from sand, hayseed,
etc., and of uniform quality is im-
ported. So that a given number of
pounds of this kind of wool dis-
places considerable more than the
~ same number of pounds of domes-
tic wool and consequently reduces
the amount of protection to Amer-
ican grown W00l. If, as has been
shown, wool growing has not
been more profitable than other
agricultural industries, and if free
wool reduces the price one-half the
duty from the present low price, it
is’ evident that wool growing can-
not be carried on in this country
except under peculiar circumstan-
ces, like the raising of mutton
sheep to some extent in connection
with other farm operations. Even
the wool raising on the ranches
will be largely or entirely aban-
doned. To show that this state-
ment is not mere assumption, I

Including New Zealand }
{and Tasmania, our Australian col-

allowing for consumption in these:

fand then stated that he ownedjlt is proper to say in this connec-
18,000 sheep and 46,000 acres of , tion that the National Association
3 land, and leased  acres of the  of lVool Manufacturers do not ap-
‘state at four cents per acre. He  prove of this measure as they think
;stated among other things that it that in the end it will injure both
ftook five acres of land to keep one finanufacturer and grower.

sheep. The letterfiuoted below is; But there is another provision in
in reply to one as  9; if he would jthis bill which is worthy of consid-
‘attend a meeting ‘-f the National ,eration. Section 4 provides that
;VVool Growers’ a%ciation if onelwools and hair of the camel, goat,
iwas called. The '_etter is as fol-galpaca, or other like animals. in the
glows: jg jorm of roping, roving, or tops,
 “AUSTIN, Tex_’§mar_ 13‘ 1892 ,i'lIl(‘l all lwool alnd hair which have
JJolLn T. Rich, Esq.._,~Ez:.a., ,i/rch. .- ,',j:;",‘,,,“y‘ ‘;;3;;;,;",,;"§,,:;;:;;.;;:i;,,;f;
; Y0“? f‘W01‘ 0f_ lille W11 H? llfllld  beyond the washed or scoured
tand noted and m_‘v‘-reply will say-' R1] nm,,,_,.,),

, condition, and likewise
shoddies, garnetted or carded

, that I have sold inyrientire stock of 3

 PM 011 the f1"_39 ._,_ it: Which I _’”_Y1 ] of which  composed wholly or in
;almost sure Wlll done, and if it!

. I I t t ,part of wool and which has been
I IS I 0 no wan
,‘Texas. * *_ * j-"keep my ranch]
abut am running tag-tle upon it in-
stead of sheep. * 533* *”

isheep in ai'iticiPa  Of W001 l)€il1‘-I,‘ waste, or other waste product, any i

, original condition as waste by the
{use of machinery or the application
I ;of labor or both, shall be subject
E This 1,-tter is Q-om 3 S}n.,—.w(] tto a duty of thirty per ceiitum ad
‘business man audit the action is V*‘~19}'9_m- _

taken from 3 busingéss Stam]pO;nt’ _ While there is no protection pro-
’based on the ex  knee of mm,y;vided for the farmer, the manil-
'.V9?11‘5 in W001 1'3-ifllng in TeXag_‘facturer of shoddy, mungo and
There can be no dfiilbt that low as ». waste is put on the same plane as
W001 now is it  be lower ifithe manufacturer, that is, both are

.TT81S9 51199? llliimproved or advanced beyond its?

placed on the free ‘list. VVhile we '
raise but little l0‘n".{’!y more than
eat.   .s;;,g:«;~t,+.,f2 .
less. The farme£"1l.l‘lio raises no
wool is only a little less interested
in this matter than the one who
does, for, like the gentleman from
Texas mentioned above, if they do
not use their lam’; for sheep they
will for cattle or x-oniething else
which tends to depress other
industries already overcrowded.
To say that the re‘-.1 edy is in rais-
ing mutton sheep is not true.
VVhile a large number of mutton
sheep can be profitably kept in
this country it is like any other
business, it can be easily overdone.
Then the staple clothing wool of
the world is, and always must be,
Merino wool of some grade, and
under present conditions this can-
not be successfully raised in this
country in competition with coun-
tries where climate is more favor-
able, and cost of land and labor are
so much lower than here. The
claim that wool is raw material
and should therefore come free, is
untenable because the wool is the
farmer’s finished product and is
almost entirely the result of labor.
If any American product is entitled
to protection, then wool is; first,
because it is an industry that in all
its branches and in whatever way
considered is beneficial to the
country; then it is produced by a
very large number of our citizens
who even now receive only a mea-
ger return for their labor; and last
but not least the wool grower is
brought into competition with the
lowest priced labor in the world in
its production under more favor-
able conditions for this industry
than do or can exist here. The so-
called Springer free wool bill has
just passed the House of Repre-
sentatives and it is well for farmers
to consider carefully its effect on
their industry. It provides that
all wools, hair of the camel, goat
alpaca, and other like animals, and
all_wool and hair on the skin, all
noils top waste, ring waste, yarn
waste, and waste, burr waste,
rags and flocks, including all waste
in rags composed wholly of wool,
shall be admitted free of duty after
January 1, 1893. The duty on
manufactured woolens is reduced
so as to leave them with the same
amount of protection with free
wool they now have with wool pro-
tected, so that this section hits

I

allowed free raw material and are
protected on their product. Under
the ;.:c~sent. law there is ;. vlesf. of

articles, whic A is and was intended
to be proliibitory because it not
only displaces American wool but
is an imposition on the people.
On rags, mungo and flocks the
present duty is ten cents per
pound, which is also practically
prohibitory.

The provisions of the free wool
bill seem the more strange when it
is generally considered that it is
against public policy to encourage
the use of shoddy in any form. Yet
here is actual encouragement to
import the worn-out rags from
European countries which must of
necessity include those gathered
from the gutters, slums and pest-
houses, to be manufactured into
clothing for the American people,
while the grower of good, healthy
wool is to be left to the free com-
petition, not only of wool growers
in other portions of the world but
to that of the rags, mungo and
waste of the whole world. While
each pound of this stuff displaces
more than a pound of American
fleece WO0l it encourages the basest
fraud on the American people. As
ordinary clothing worn by the
mass of the people is of as good
quality and as cheap as is sold
elsewhere in the world, it is diffi-
cult to see who is to be benefited
by free wool. Certainly not the
American wool grower.

E Ibo, Mich.

METEOROLOGY AND CROPS.

A comparison of the meteorologi-
cal peculiarities of 1890 and 1891
shows that the condition of corn
on the first of July was practically
identical in the two years. It is
always good at that date unless
cold and wet spring weather has
interfered with planting, germina-
tion, and early growth. Though
maize can endure more heat and
drouth than most other agricult-
ural plants, the danger of long-
continued absence of rainfall, es-
pecially in July and August, the
season of development for this
crop, is the greatest to which it is
exposed. Note the sudden decline
of condition in 1890, due mainly to
drouth, as indicated by the report
of the first of August. The Au ust
weather intensified the inj ury,w ile
the favorable influences of Sep-
tember at least prevented further

 

g¢_._:—.

FIRST .1.VPR() I 'EI). ”

wl\lIl()I.l3 N0. 392.

jdecline and led to slightly _more
I hopeful views in the formulation of
 the local estimates of October. The
. record of 1891, in sharp contrast to
jtliat of 1890, commencing with
;quite moderate evidence of early
lgrowth, showed that the crop had.
;'endured the ordeal of deficient
jiinoisture and the fervent suns of
Hluly with a lowering of only two
{ points,after which a steady improve-
ment continued to October, and
later through the autumn season so
,important in drying the grain and
perfecting its quality. This has
iadvanced a crop of medium status,
.' in its germination and stalk growth,
tto a production above the average,
?or 27 bushels per acre, not the
;largest yield known, but one not
loften ezcccedcd for the entire
lbreadth.  *7’ *
I A noticeable and unusual pecul-

jiarity of the year is the almost. uni-
ifversal occiirrence of medium or
glargc production. Ordinarily, a
large of one crop is offset by a di-
minisoed product of another. The
summer crops may be generally
good, and the winter grains and
grasses seriously injured by the
severity of the WlIll0I'.—' U. S. De-
1)(u‘tmcuf A_I]r[cIIlfurc.

i—._.__.__._
“'l‘Hl'} RIGHT TO \'0'l‘E.”

lVe have heard lately, in connccr
tion with various election con-
tests under the new ballot laws, a
good deal about the right to vote.

‘ ' .' Ir v
u_,,.,_), gawk... ___‘ _ tmwmfl J‘; _.lm‘~v‘:  ‘think the average citizen ex ery-

tain right which he claim? V4.3‘ 
sees in relation to the franchise,
than by anything else pertaining
to it. And yet the truth is quite
different from the idea which gen-
erally prevails in respect to the
ballot. There is really no primi-
tive or natural right whatever about
voting. The citizen’s inalienable
rights under the Declaration of
Independence are only life, liberty
and pursuit of happiness. But we
can have all these without voting,
or without being voted for. There
is not a community on the planet
that confers the voting power, as it
confers protection to life and prop-
erty. The latter it confers as a
thing everyone may claim, While
the right to vote is given, when
given most bountifully, only to a
moiety of the people. Women,
who number more than one-half
the population, are excluded, as are
convicts, idiots, the insane, minors,
and foreigners who have not taken
out naturalization papers and have‘
not been residents for a stipulated
period.

The right to vote is therefore
not a right in the first instance,
but a privilege, and a privilege
conferred by the State. We boast
of universal suffrage; but, where
sufl"rage is freest, very much less
than oiie-half the population vote.
In some states a poll tax is required;
in some an educational q11alifica-
tion is imposed; and in Rhode Is-
land, until very recently, a prop-
erty qualification was exacted.
The body of voters, then, is a se-
lected class in whom a certain
power is deposited which is to be
exercised on behalf of the State.
The vote is not the voter’s real
chose, and it may be taken away
from him when the State sees fit.
It is taken away in cases of con-
victed crime; and, improbable as it
is that our widest distributed suf-
frage will be eventually reduced, it
is still possible that it may be, and
desirable in the minds of a large
number, that it shall be, some
time, by at least a rigid education-
al test. When the citizen under-
stands that he is merely exercising
a trust and not enjoying a com-
modity by voting, his relation to
the State will be seen in a clearer
light.—Joel Benton, in the Social
Economist.

..‘ ~..‘. - cw»; K u"-‘-«.*.~.-e':«;.‘:»r8-<"~:""""'

3- .

 


 

2

THE GRANGE VISITOR.

APRIL 15. 1892.

ROOTS VS. SILAGE F0}: l-‘.\T’l‘E.\'-
l.\'(i L.\.\lBS.

A bulletin just issued by the Col-
lege gives the results of an experi-
ment recently conducted by the
agricultural department. The pri-
mary object of the experiment was
to test the relative value of roots
and silage for fattening lambs.
Incidentally other facts were devel-
oped which are of great economic
importance to the farmer engaged
in the business of feeding lambs
for mutton. Roots and silage were
chosen as two foods much alike in
character and in their influence
on the nutritive functions of the
animal. ~

Sixteen grade Shropshire lambs,

purchased of farmers in the vicin-‘

ity, were fed for a period of twelve
weeks. Eight lambs were fed for
six weeks on roots and hay, as
much as they would eat, and one
pound of grain daily,'consistiiig of

oats and bran in the proportion of 3

two pounds oats to one pound
bran. The remaining eight lambs
were fed six weeks on silage and
hay, as much as they would eat,
and the same grain ration as the
former. For the remaining six
weeks the foods were reversed,
division I receiving silage, hay and
grain, and division II receiving
roots, hay and grain. The average
amount of food consumed daily by
each lamb with the root ration was
1 pound grain, 1 pound hay, and
4.7 pounds roots. The daily ration
with silage was 1 pound grain, .8
of 1 pound hay, and 4.4 pounds
silage.

The average gain of each lamb
on roots for the entire period of
twelve weeks was 3 pounds per
week; on silage the gain was 2,‘;
pounds per week.

The following financial state-
ment may be of interest:

Roots.

R lambs (87 pounds) ('1! 4% c. .
448 lb oats (u‘ 32 c.____ _ ___ __.. _
.524 11» bran (H2 $l:'v.___ ._

672 II» bay (13 $7.50_ _  
3,172 lb roots at $2.50 ___________________ __

$31 32
4

 

 

1 68
2 5d
25 97

$43 ‘J7
56 55

Total cost . . _ _ _ _ . . . _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . . . . _ , __
By 8 lambs (123 lb) la‘  c . . . _ . . . . . _ __

Profit on 8 lambs ____________________ __ $1‘
“ “ 1 lamb _.-. _

< _ ;s"ub,'__...-ve ’sVI\v<vt rvv ,- --

8lambs (87 pounds) ((1; 454 c._.____.___._ $31
448 lb oats (£5; 32 c ______________________ , , 4
224lhbran@ $15 ___________ __ ___ 1
586 lb hay @ $7.50 _____________________ __ 2
3.014 lb silage @ $2.50 __________________ __ 3

Total cost______,.____.,,.__________ ___,
By 8 lambs (117 lb) fin: 5% c ___________ __

Profit on 8 lambs ____________________ __
" “ 1 lamb _____________________ _ _

Difference in favor of roots on each lamb. $1) 25

COST OF FOODS USED IN EXPERI-

MENT.
Oats per bushel _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ $0 32
Bran per ton .......... __ 15 00
6‘ CG _ A . — _ _ ‘ — _ _ _- 7 
Silage “ “ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A _ _ _, 2 50
Boots “ “ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- 2 50

In arranging the financial state-
ment the average gains of 3 pounds
per week on roots and 2.5 pounds
on silage are taken as a basis on
which to compute the weight of
animal at close of experiment.

The conclusions drawn from this
experiment are summed up in the
following:

1. This experiment indicates the
superiority of roots over silage for
fattening lambs.

2. Either roots or silage may en-
ter largely into the fattening ration
and allowing a reasonable valua-
tion on each, may be fed at a
profit.

3. Lambs may be successfully
fattened without the use of a heavy
grain ration.

4:. Fattening lambs under exist-
ing conditions in Michigan is a
profitable enterprise and is worthy
the most careful thought and
study of all engaged in mixed
farming.

5. It will be observed that the
ration containing the higher per
cent of digestible albuminoids, in
other words the ration with the
narrower nutritive ratio, produced
the best results.

 

SPRING CARE OF FARM TEAMS.

E. A. BURNETT.

Perhaps few men situated on a
farm are able to give to the farm
teams the amount of care and the
personal attention necessary to the
best work of the animals; but

45  slow work is to be done, grain, coii-

, galling is not infrequently the re-

‘ fitted harness is comfort to any

there is no doubt of the fact that
the additional care and attention
always more than repays the owner
in the additional work which the
animal is capable of perforiniiig.
I’articiilai'l_v as the spring work
approaclies is this care necessary.
Wliy? At this time the team
should be in good flesh and spirits.

—They should be so hardened to,

work by the activity of the winter

"that they are capable of doing a'‘

good days work without special
fatigue. The hauling of manure,

wood, necessary movement of fen- 3

fees and general work while it

‘greatly lessens the pressure in;
spring, also helps to harden the‘

teams for the severe exertions of}
‘putting in the spring crops. '
‘ Having done this, with
‘careful feeding, good gi'ooming,;
well fitted harness and careful}
idriving, much more comfort might}
,be secured for the farm team and 

THE BROOD MARE IN" HER hardly feel that he has put anyishould be given. Ashes are also

FUAL.
1:. A. A. <;ii_i.\:c.i-:.

At this season of the year the
,care and management of the mare
and foal becomes a matter of much
importance‘ to those engaged in
breeding horses as this is about
lthe usual season for them to drop
their offspring. Singularly
enough, in the writer’s mind
as many if not more mares and
foals are killed through kindness
‘than is generally supposed, so
much so, that a column of “ Dont’s"
would appear apppropriate in this
connection.

Don’t keep your mare housed,

good  under the impression that she can

not endure plenty of reasonable
exercise.

Don't starve her under the ini-
pression. that she will get too fat;

;even more work accomplished. ion the other hand keep her in

There seems to be a prevalent‘
idea that the time to feed a horse
lheavily is when he is at rest; to
lget him ready for a hard week’s
iwork which will follow when the
I mud subsides or for a hard drive.
{This over feeding while at rest
 often causes paralysis of the quar-
ters ( Azoturia) and other diseases,
if the animal is put to severe work
at first. It may be given as a safe
, rule that two—thirds of a full grain
tfeed when at hard work is sulfi-
%cient for the horse when idle for
lseveral days. During the severe
work of the spring however, the
farm team should have an abun-
dance of good food given with
great regularity. Because the far-
mer will not return from town
till 2 p. m. is no reason why
the team should not be fed at
twelve.

lVhile oats is the standard feed
for a horse, a bran mash once a
week, a handful of oil meal in the
feed, an ear of corn, a bite of grass
 help to keep the system clean and
;give relish to the feed. If only

sisting of a portion corn, barley or
rye ground with oats is often
cheaper and equally valuable for
the horse.

g Few farmers appreciate how
imuch additional exertion a team
3 can perform if they are thorough-

each day. The rubbing cleans
and toughens the skin, it prevents
chafing, and rests and strengthens
the muscels. Scratches are often
caused by improper grooming and

sult of careless grooming. A well

horse and would be a luxury to
many an honest farm horse who
works and chafes under a galling
collar or back-band in the hot
spring days and is jerked about
with a harsh bit by some brutal
driver, too ignorant to know the
cause of the horses discomfiture or
not humane enough to remove
the cause.

The collar which will fit a horse
as he goes into work soft and
fleshy in the spring will need to
be drawn tighter as the horse
hardens into his work. The neck
which is tender from rest needs to
be aired and rubbed clean from
dirt and sweat and the collar
cleaned from dirt several times
during the half day. It is buta
trifle and can be done when the
horse needs rest, but it may pre-t
vent a severe gall or collar boil
which either lays the animal off
from work or works him at a
great disadvantage.

For the majority of farm work
the harness without back band or
crupper is coolest and consequently
best.

There is a wonderful difference
in the amount of work which dif-
ferent men will perform with a
team and keep them in equal con-
dition. The driver should give
the team every advantage, working
them at their own pace from morn-
ing till night, seldom stopping
them for rest, never crowding
them beyond their natural gait.
He should always be interested in
their welfare and comfort. Teams
as well as men are capable of
greater exertion on some days
than on others and the good team-
ster should be capable of judging
on this point in "order to secure
the most work from the team at
the least expense.

In a government like ours, we
must look to the intelligence of
the masses for the safety and per-
manence of our free institutions.-
George Washington.

_.-V..u\\1 \.‘LAA.\.\/ _-...;u..x "

good fair condition.

Don’t give her anything to drink
or eat but the purest water, and
good food of a mixed nature.

D0n’t exercise her on short
hilly ground.

Doii’t interfere with her for an
hour or two aftetr she has dropped
the foal, unless Something is wrong

llgont excite 1l)110I'1111 any lway
t is can reasona y )e a\'Ol( er .

Don’t allow the mare to be ex-
posed to extremes of temperature
or cold rains for at least two weeks
after foaling and even then, both
mare and foal will usually do best
if cared for by housing at such
times.

Don’t leave the foal to take its
own chances in the world till you
are certain that the natural aper-
tures for the passage of excreta,
etc., are open.

Don’t let a weak legged colt run
too much, but see that it gets a
reasonable amount of exercise.

Don’t let the young creature
graze at a straw stack the first
winter, by way of hardening it for
the vicissitudes of a cold cliiiiate.

Don’t leave the animal untrained,
or rather uneducated, until it is
three or four years old.

In our opinion the time to begin
to educate the-.“2;rse is when it is
about one d-192; l, but at this as

N11,, _;c ,1, Q‘ .,‘ I --v - 11:..
be of the mcist jeittle nature.

FRUIT GROWING FOR FAMILY
USE.

A. G. GULLEY.

Fruit growing for profit by the
general farmer will as a rule not
prove satisfactory. The methods
of Work are different and the opera-
tions interfere with the regular
farm operations. There is how-
ever a branch of the work that
can not be too heartily recom-
mended, that is, growing for
family use. Here the farmer has
no competition, or need have none.
He does not have to worry about
markets, indeed he will be sur-
prised at the extent of his home
demand when the supply is not
limited, and by this is meant not
one or two kinds, but such an
assortment that he shall have a
supply from the time strawberries
begin until they shall come again.

I Perhaps some one will say, “I can

buy what I need cheaper than I
can grow it.” Admit it to be true;
a full supply is not always to be
obtained, indeed, can hardly ever
be obtained outside of large cities,
and what is most important will
rarely be purchased. By a supply
is not meant a. quart or two every
week or even every day, but
for a family of half a dozen from
four to ten quarts each day for at
least three weeks of strwberries,
probably half as much of rasp-
berries, to be varied and followed
with cherries, black berries, grapes
and pears, and filling out the sea-
son with apples. In the family
of the writer, which never exceeded
six persons, while at home hand-
ling his own fruit, was used over
five bushels of fruit each year dur-
ing the strawberry season, over
half in the fresh state; and at
about the same rate of each of
the other kinds grown. But for
the past two seasons while at the
College, where all the berries want-
ed could be had by buying, it was
noticed that a much less quantity
was used. In other words the
farmer will be much more free in
the use of fruits when it does not
take actual cash every time it is
used. N ow any farmer can have a
supply and at the end of the year

‘money in it and the small amount j
invested will pay a large return. 4
As to planting do not put in ?
beds but in long rows so a large;
share of the cultivation can be‘
done with a liorse, and if in one ofi
his largest fields is convenient T
to the house so l])l1(‘llfl1¢:l)eli(*I‘.i
as he will then go there more often
and it will not be forgotten. Two}
, rows of strawberries, about 15 rods
* long, of an_v of the standard sorts
would fully supply a family of ten ‘
; persons. About the same of rasp-
‘berries, one row each of red and
black, one of currants and goose-
berries. two of blackberries and one
row of grapes well trellised, of old
standard sorts. To this add ten
for a dozen pears. old well tried
kinds, and perhaps half a dozen
lcherries, mostly sour. and with the
usual family apple orchard a good
supply will be assured. All these
can be grown almost anywhere in
lower Micliigan. All the fruit
mentioned aside from the apples
3 would take less than three-foul ths
of an acre of ground. and when in
hearing would form the most
valuable part of the farm. See to
‘it that the apple orcliard itself has
a full succession of varieties adapt-

:cd to family use, as it adds to the -

Fruit can be had about

variety.
apples

the year through from
1alone, and of good kinds.

The farmer has no excuse for

i not growing plenty of fruit for
jfainily use. There is no difficulty
5 in growing any of the kinds men-
étioned and the enjoyment and sat-
 isfaction of having the fruits would
{well repay the few hours necessary
to give to its growth and add very
much to the variety of the farmer’s
table.

TIIH l".\B)II‘lH’S Vl'lb'rE'l‘ABIil'I (:‘rAl{-
DEN.
H. 1*. GLA1)D}£1\'.
As we drive along a country road
what do we usually find as a sam-

farms will be passed where no at-
tempt at a garden has been made;
but usually a small plot of ground
near the house will be seen, more
than half of which is occupied

lmatoes comprises the rest of the
garden; the whole looking in a
very much neglected condition.
This is not as it should be. Every
farmer should have a {/0011 garden.
There are many vegetables grati-
fying to the taste and conducive to
health which are not grown in the
ordinary garden. Farmers often
say that they can buy vegetables
cheaper than they can grow them
at home. As long as they think
this way, so long must their fami-
lies go without vegetables for the
table. If a farmer will take a half
acre of good ground, and give it
the necessary care and attention,
keeping account of all expense of
working, and also of the products
received at fair prices, he will find
that no piece of ground of equal
size on the farm has paid half so
well as the garden spot, besides the
enjoyment he will get from having
his table abundantly supplied, and
the saving of doctor’s bills. It is
true that the garden needs atten-
tion just at the time when the
spring work is pressing. A little
care given to the location and ar-
rangement of the garden may make
a great saving in labor. One mis-
take often made is the attempt to
combine the vegetable garden with
the orchard and small fruits. Good
vegetables cannot be grown in the
shade, and it requires more labor
to tend a garden among trees than
if it were by itself.

The soil best for a garden is
warm sandy loam, though almost
any soil can be made to grow good
vegetables. A level surface or a
gentle slope to the south or south-
west is preferable. The same spot
well manured will last for many
years. If you think ‘the ground is
wearing out, it is well to seed to
clover and let it remain for two
years, then plow under the clover
and the soil will be again ready for
cropping.

The garden should be laid out
so that a large part of the work
can be done with the horse and
cultivator. Half an acre is about
the amount of ground that should
be given to the garden. This is
large enough for vegetables and
strawberries. The ve g e t a bl e s
should be planted in long rows and
not in square beds. A liberal ap-

plc of a farinei"s garden? Sonic‘

the best kind of a fertilizer, but
they should not be applied in
direct contact with the seed.
Pens are perhaps the tirst crop
to be planted. They should be
sown as soon as the ground can be
worked. For early use sow some
of the first carly sorts mentioned
in the seed catalogues. The
wrinkled varieties require that the
ground he warmer than for the
early smooth sorts. As second
early sow McLean's Little Gem.
Miilsuniiiier, Advance, etc. As
later varieties. Stratageni. York-
shire and Champion may be men-
tioned. (ireen peas may be had
throughout the season by sowing
in succession. A convenient and
cheap trellis for a small garden is
the woven wire netting that may be
purchased at most hardware stores.
The onion is another vegetable
, that should be placed in the ground
early. Sets will give green onions
quickest. \Vhat are known as
multiplier onions are. excellent for
family use. Also sow some of the
small radishcs for early use, Scar-
let Globe, Blood Turnip or French
: l7orcing are good varieties.
APUISUNING IHCES BY Sl’R.»\Yl.V'G
WITH THE _»\H.‘€l‘INITES.

I 9.. .1. cook.

At the last meeting of the Amer-
, ican Association of Bee Keepers at
lAlbany, the question of spraying
, trees with a watery mixture of
‘ London purple or Paris green
 while in bloom was hotly discussed.
§ The state entomologist of New
]York, one of our best authorities
‘in general matters of economic and
' general entomology, expressed a
, doubt of any injury to bees by such
'. practice. He said that the consen-
 sus of opinion among the entomol-
3 ogists at a recent meeting at
3 \Vashington was to the effect that
§ bees were not injured by spraying,
3110 matter when done. He added
‘ that though he had always recom-
niended previously that spraying
‘should never be done during the
]time of bloss()iniiig, yet he had
liabout made up his mind to omit
jsuch recommendation in future.
JThis caused a tremendous buzz of

l with P0l33t09S- A Small 513309 {JIV911 E excitement and called forth such a
8, bl) oeans, oeets, caooages and to- ‘ '

mass of testimony against this view
that the professor changed his
position and said that he should
continue to recommend as he had
done in the past, that no one should
spray their orchards with London
purple or Paris green while the
trees were yet in blossom.

That bees have not been more
poisoned is easily explained. Usu-
ally the trees are not sprayed while
in bloom, in which case there
would of course be no harm to
bees, as the nectar would not be
poisoned. Again, in the rare cases
of spraying orchards in blossom,
there would often be no harm to
bees, as the weather is very apt to
be so cool that bees do not fly all
the time and the flowers do not
secrete any nectar, and so no bees
would be poisoned. We thus see
that negative testimony is to be
taken with much caution.

On the other hand, we have sev-
eral cases on record, both in Mich-
igan and adjacent states, where
large orchards were sprayed while
the trees were in bloom; where the
bees were actually seen swarming
on the blossoms, and where there
was serious loss of both the mature
bees and also of the brood yet in
the cells. From all our past ex-
perience we have no solution of
such mortality except as a result of

poisoned nectar from the open
blossoms. We know that insects
are very susceptible to poison from
the arsenites, and so we have the
matter easily explained. Last sum-
mer we sprayed twigs with sweet-
ened water in which London purple
was mixed in the proper proportion
for spraying and placed the same
in cages in which bees were placed.
In every case the bees quickly
died, though not so quickly but
that they might have flown some
distance to their hives and have
deposited the poisoned liquid in
their combs. This shows why the
brood is poisoned. Others treated
in precisely the same way except
that the sweetened water was not
poisoned were not in the least in-
jured. This makes the above sup-
position more than a theory. It
positively proyes that what is done
in spraying will kill bees, and easi-
ly explains why bees that collect the
nectar from sprayed blossoms die.

plication of good barnyard manure

The conclusion is obvious: We

poisoning by the bees sipping the‘ A

 

Base-
Q rods
Ilmon
on home
‘Lone

 



 


Y

APRIL 15, 189;’.

GRANGE VISITOR.

3

ATRON '

N[A.\'l'FACTl' KER OF

IN(;‘rERS()LL’S LIQUID

Ten Thousand P. of H. and

l{l'BBEI{ PAINT.
Farmers testify they are Best and

{{{{ AINT 

Cheap, Indestructible Paints for
BARNS AN!) 0l"l‘Bl'lLI)l‘§GS.

on rs

lleautiful Sample Color (Yards and Book

of lnstruciion— - FREE.

should never spray our orchards
till the blossoms all fall off.

Spraying against the codling
moth is very profitable. No farmer
can afford to neglect it. One pound
of London purple and three or four
pounds of thoroughly slaked lime
should be mixed in two hundred
gallons of water. The lime pre-
vents injury to the foliage. Spray
once as soon as all blossoms have
fallen. Spray again in two weeks
in case of any heavy rains. To
spray while the trees are in bloom
is not only fatal to the bees, but it
is too early to work the best results
in fighting the codling moth. The
eggs are not laid till about the time
the blossoms fall, and do not hatch
till some days after. Hence we see
that early spraying, especially in
case of heavy rains, would be of no
use. I‘hus it is evident that both
to kill the “apple worm” and to
protect the bees, spraying should
always be deferred till the blossoms
have fallen from such late bloom-
ing trees as the Jonathan and
Northern Spy. There should be a
law in every state niaking it a seri-
ous misdemeanor to spray while
the trees are in bloom. Such a
law would be an excellent educator.

 

CARING FOR THE Blillih‘.

J. H. I.Al{l{Al‘»EE.

How are the bees this spring?
Did you wait until the first nat-
ural pollen appeared before taking
them from the cellar, or did you
again allow your anxiety for their
condition in that cold, damp place
to get the better of your judg-
ment.

For those colonies uninterred in
the cellar some sort of protection
from the cold blasts of April and
early May generally well repays
for the trouble. At this season
as much as any time is mani-

fested the excellence of the chaff‘

packed or double-walled hive.

Please do not forget that pre-
vious to fruit bloom the bees
gather but little honey, and that
at this season they consume large
quantities of food in rearing young
bees and in renewing the rapidly
wasting energies of those old bees
that have remained so long dor-
mant. A syrup made of good
sugar in the proportion of ten
pounds to five pounds of water is
a cheap and excellent feed at this
season. It should be placed inside
the hives either by pouring into
an empty comb and placing in the
hive at the side of the cluster or
by means of an inverted can. In
the latter case the top of the can
should be covered with about two
thicknesses of muslin tied on and
inserted over a hole in the quilt or
cover in such a manner as to pre-
vent the escape of heat. A colony
having no honey at this date should
be supplied in the above manner
with eight or ten pounds of syrup
to provide for the increasing
amount of brood until the bloom-
ing of white clover.

STOCK ITEMS.

A man in Illinois has a remedy
for “lumpy jaw” warranted to
cure. If he succeeds he will knock
out the Illinois live stock sanitary
commission.

The D. V. M., who succeeds in
finding a preventive for goitre
in lambs will be considered worthy

of any title he may clnose to,

write either after or before his
name by the flock masters of the
country.

 

An enterprising member of Con-
gress from Oregon has introduced
a bill into Congress, directing our
Minister to Turkey, to enter into
negotiations for the purchase “of
one or two hundred Angora goats
with a view to introduce them into
this country. Perhaps this pro-
gressive representative does not
know that Angora goats were in-
troduced into this country more
that thirty years ago, and there are
large flocks kept in California.
Whether they have been found
profitable or not we are not im-
formed.

Cheapest. VVRiTF. US AND save. MONEY.

i T ‘“”““‘ WW’ ' ’ '“'*-‘' * '''‘*r‘~~—~— '—A~~ ~-

i ('0.\'(‘ERNl.\'G THE HSl'l‘0R. lous observer may follow the grades,‘
l _ from the most elementary to the:
i Pall”0"3 0f llflcllifjfm-‘ i most advanced in any State; or]
it The time having expired with 2 crossing the areas he may trace thei
. Bi-o_ Glidrion as editor, and A, C_ ,similarities or variations in any‘
Martin as publisher, the executive Chosen gI‘&(le- The parochial

committee had under consideration',Scl100lS Will l18Vt‘ a definite place

several propositions from variousiin the Sclllemcy C0nf0l‘mE-bly to the

persons and places, and, after long i Same system. '
and deliberate consultation, accept-{ Each State €‘Xl1ll>lt Will include:

ed the proposition of Kenyon L? 1. A presentation of its public

Butterfield of Lansing, as editorlSCl100l system.

and manager, and Robert Smith  2. Its academies, normal schools,

Co., publishers, Lansing, Michigan. ', colleges and universities.

Now, brothers and sisters, this may ‘;  Its Special. technical and pro-

be a serious move, but we hope itifessional schools; except in cases

is for the better. ‘Va have been 5 where a specialty in education can

blessed in the past with able, earn- '1 be better illustrated by a collective

est and self-sacrificing brothers in exhibit, independent of State lines.

the editorial chair. \Ve will ever 3 Thus there Wlll be 8» Slllflle C0llec—

hold them in grateful remembrance  tlVe exhibit. Sll0WlI1g library 01'-

for their untiring energy to awaken 1 ganization and management; one

the dormant condition’ of the toil-20f commercial Scl100lS; Of 1119-llllfll

ing people of our country. Now,‘1training schools; of trade schools,

Patrons, you all have a duty to , etc. This method should probably

perform. Each and every one of  be adopted, with exhibits of schools

you have an interest in the Visitor ‘ for the blind, the (leaf, etc. The

and you will not do your duty un- 7 ruling idea will be to bring into

less you subscribe for it and then ; the closest local relationship those

see to it that all your neighbors are T elements which have the closest

likewise enrolled on the list. Call i educational affinities. thus to offer

the attention of manufacturers to  the best opportunities for interest-

, the importance of advertising their‘ ing comparison and critical obser-

iwares, and stock raisers should be i Vfltlcn. I11 SOIDB Cases these belie-

patrons as the paper falls into the 1 fits may be Secured better by ob-

hands of advanced farmers. Letlserving State lines; in others, by

{the secretary of each subordinate;0lJlll3crallI1g lil1eII1.~S€lim II. Poa-

 

OFFICE: 2113 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, ll. Y.

WNEMASHIN  

 

‘egrange be an agent for the Visitor bo(I_1/ in the Educational E'aclzibi'f.
i make it their duty at every meeting '
lto call the attention of the mem— :
ibers totlie importance of maiiitain— Good work is indicated by the
mg "111" ]011I'11fll, and Wl1€I1cVc1‘ and reports coming in for the quarter
EVh9l'eV"1' Y0“ meet 3 Patron 01' closed March 31. This is especially
am”? ,1“? 0“ the alert to exlelld true in certain localities.
t‘ 9 Ylsators the "QTY best Rape? ln Foremost in making additions to
m” an ' Broth?" B“ll9l‘llel(l 15 8 the order, thus far reported, have
young n;anofab111ty.agraduate of been Hesperia No. 495, with its
the Agrlcultural College» fmfil from list of 58, and Olive Centre with
his appearance and reputation re- its 40,
9:eH'ed from fill‘? Pl'0f€lSS01'S Of the Other strong reports are in from
lconegei the Visitor Wlll not grow South Bootoii ,:No_ 175; Ronald’
ebs ours fraternally. No. 192; ..-;.:.»;’i -10. 270; Bradley,
TH°S- MARS» No. 669; Essex.“-.‘ro. 439, and Ash-
land, No. 545, and places several
more granges on our list of those
‘ with a membership of more than
The H°n- ,J- J-_ W00dl¥l3D Of 100. Let us make it a long one
Paw Paw arrived in the _city yes- this year!
tirdiety afternoon and registered at The youngest Pomona responds
t ,eh ,&’1't°n- I am here l0 003%}; heartily from Kalkaska county.
Wltd ‘h 1" Weston ‘End M1‘- Garfield, The newest subordinate is Ruby of
53‘ 9: regilrdlng my 3I3P‘_3lD'[- St. Clair county, organized April
merit as superintendent of Michi- 151», by Bi-o_ A_ \V_ Campbe1]_
89-115,31‘-’I1‘}011ll?11T8»l exlllblt at the Judging from the strong array of
world s fair. No, I am not master charter members, it is 8, good day
of the State grange now, but I have for the making of gi-o,ogoS_
llileen malster of both the State and J ENNIE BUELL,
3l_l9l1a _g1‘3l1ge§,- I held each Secretary State G range.
position six years: Mr. VVoodman, April 11, 1892
in speaking of his public services,
is always modest, and having been
a prominent figure is content to let
others tell of his works rather than DIED__At his home in Ravemm’

seem to exalt his own horn. His Muske on count Febmar 29
choice as superintendent of _ the 1892, }§,.o_ Danie1y’G_ Brown yaoed’
agrtculturlil department Of Mlch“ 72 years a respected memliera of
gun S .agn.cu1tum1 exhibit in the Ravenna’ Grange. Bro. Brown hav-
Eggs:ntfa':_:S1Efi:n°liuf"‘1%° grmg ing been a member of Ravenna
has ex erience i‘n th: W00]? fin“? range for a number of years, was
called tl; do which will Ir 3 13 ound to be deeply interested in
valuable fie was an oge 391'}; Grange work generally, as well as
of the 8 ‘ricult 1 hP§.t‘nfe11Ql,ei11 the success and welfare of his own
. g um‘ ex. 1 1 ° ,1?‘ ‘ grange. He held oflice almost con-
lgan lit the Cfintennlal. exposltlon tinually durin his connection with
In Phlladelphm’ and hm rep°rt to the gra_nge,an wasGenerallyfound

the authorities at Washington is at his post read -
- _ , y to do his whole
considered one of the most valuable duty As 8 Grange We realize that

made by any superintendent at the in the dea
. ,. th of Bro. Brown we
?.::‘::2‘:i .i.':1.t;.E‘.ll;..‘.".:’.°.§s“ have  an  member.
sioners to the Paris ex osition ansil the commun-1 ty 8' re-Specteq Cmzen’
t1 ‘ . ‘ p 2 and the family a kind, loving hus-

ieie he also gained experience band and father. therefore
Whwh musgfiprove Yalullllle In llls Resolved, That these resolutions
lgesent ,0 4 092'“ mm‘, R“J”d3 be made a part of the grange record
, .. . , Q _ I 7
“"007 U’ ’ ‘ Pml 1”‘ a copy in the Ptavenna Times also
TH}; i;}pU(;,yp1o;\~_u, EXHIBIT AT in the GRANGE Visiron for publica-
': an iwanivs 1-‘AIR. {)10ns algldf 3 _1c0i>Y giVcn $0. the
? ereave ami y.
The educational exhibit will be M- 13- AVERILL:

FROM THE REP()R'I‘S.

THE HON. J. J. WOODMAN.

OBITUARY.

organized both by States and by; H- 0- TUFTLE.
grades. Each State will occupy a‘ L- A- HULL,
definite area, which will be assigned C0ml7litt30-

All ours fraternally,
THOS. D. SMITH,
Secretary.
RAVENNA, ..\I.ich., April 11, 1892.

with reference to the elements
which the several States will have
to represent, as nearly as that can
be ascertained. These areas will
be side by side in parallel subdi- .
visions extending north and south. If the people are the govern-
The arrangement of the_elements ment why do the politicians Want
in the several States will be ex- to do all the governing and get all
pected to conform to a general the profits? I

plan, presenting the several grades ——_

in consecutive arrangement ex_- An old-fashionad chest protector
tending east and west. The stud1- —a. p8.dlock_——_Bo3ton com-re,-,

land he or she, as the case may be,i 1

“'0 (-‘uiiiiraiitcc S:ltlSf:l('.t»I01l-

Including one Year's Subscription to this Paper

We have made such arrangements as enable us to
offer the (‘liicago

SINGER SEWING MACHINES

at the above low rates. This m_achlne is 
after the latest models of the Singer machines.
and is perfect fac simile in shape, ornamentation
and appearance. All the parts are made to gauge
exactly the same as the Singer. and are construe

of irecisely the same materials. _

Ilhe utmost care is exercised in the selection of
the metals used. and only the ve best (LIIBIICI is
purchased. Each machine is row; ly well
made and is fitted with the utmost nicety and
exactness. and no machine is permitted bi tho
inspector to go out of the shops until it liasbeen
fully tested and proved to do perfect work. and
to run lightly and without noise. _

The (Ihica.iroSinger Machine has a vergvimpoi-t-
ant improvement in a Loose Balance _ heel, so
C0u3Il’l1('.lA-id as to permit, winding bobbins with-
out removing the work from the machine.

EACH MAC}-IINE IS FURNISHED WITH
THE FOLLOWING AT'I‘AC}IMEN'l‘B:

HEMMERS, RUFFLER, TU(‘.KEll.. P.\f‘KAGE OF NEFIDLI-}‘§. CHECK SPRING, TIIROA I‘
PLATE. WRE.V(‘.H. THREAI) (‘.U'I“l‘l*IR. BINDER. B()BBl.\':el. S(‘RE\V DRIVER, GAUGE
GAUGE S(.‘l*lEW. OIL-(TAN, filled with Oil, AND INSTRUFTION BOOK.

The driving wheel on this machine is admitted
venient of any. The machine is sell’-threading. m

to be the simplest. easiest running and most con-
ade of the best material. with the wearing parts

hardened. and is finished in a. superior style. It has veneered cover. drop-leaf table, 4 end drawers,
and center swing drawer._ The manufacturers warrant every machine for 5 years. _
They say: “Any machine not satisfactory to a subscriber, we will allow returned and will refund

the money."

Price including_ one year’s subscription, $15. Sent by freight, receiver to pay charges. Give
name of freight station if different from post-office fl(l(ll‘f.‘SH.

GRANGE VISITOR. LANSING, MICH.

Address. with the nmney.

 

 smv !2ui=iiuir“rii’i=.£s=: VINES

Wormy Fruit and Lea! Bliklxt of Apples, Pears, Cherries.  §PRAY'l.NG
Grape and Potat-flint, Plum Uurculia prsvento-d by using
PERFECT FRUIT ALWAYS SELLS AT GOOD PRICES. Cal-I-l0¢|1° 3110"-
inz all injurious insects to Fruits mulled free. Ln rxze unlock of Fruit Trers. Vlnen.
nud ucrry Plant: at Bottom Prices. Address “'31. >i'l‘AIlLg Quincy. lllu.

(ill TFITS.

NOW AND 'l‘Hl-IN.

The free text-book plan is cer-i
tainly a great benefit to the schools j
of this county wherever the plan;

is carried out.—C0mmm'. '1‘. W.
Anilrezrs, Ifullmskri coinzty.
***

Cliarlie—“ It’s funny, isn’t it?
\Ve never hear of labor unions
south of the equator.” Johnnie——
“\Vell, you know, you’re not allowed
to strike below the belt.”———— Yule
Record.

>l<**

lvickarsz “ They tell me, profes-
sor, that you have mastered all the
modern tongues.” Professor Poly-
glot: “ All but two—my wife’s and
my sister-in-law’s.”——Terra Hautc
Express.

>l<**

The man who has never needed
to have any teeth pulled is the
loudest in advising the sufferer to
“ brace up like a man and have the
thing out at once.”——Soinzc'rvill(3
J ournal.

***

Passenger (to train boy); “ You
probably did not know when you
put this book in my lap that I was
the author?” Train boy; “Did
you write that book?” Passen-
ger: “I did.” Train boy: “ Then
you had better keep mighty quiet
about it, I just sold a copy to the
man back of you.”

——Life’s Calendar.
>l<**
“I’m going to enlarge my

paper,” remarked the editor to the
farmer. “So am I” was the re-
sponse. “ Why, you haven’t got
any paper,” exclaimed the puzzled
editor.” Not like yours, may be;
but I’ve got a note out for $250
and I’ve got to enlarge it to $500
or sell off half my farm.”
~ — I ndepenrlcnt.
>l<*=l<

The printer's blunder which made
one of Mr. Aldriclfs sugared lines
speak of “patent nectar” instead
of“ potent nectar,” was, says the
“ Tribune,” even funnier than has
been supposed. A correspondent
of the Boston “ Transcript” says
that the line originally read, “ A
potent medicine for gods and men,”
and was misprinted “ A patent
medicine,” etc. It is also reported
that Mr. A.’s equanimity was upset
on another occasion because in a
serious mood he wrote in another
poem, “ Now the old wound breaks
out afresh,” and was horrified to
learn by the types that he, a
bachelor, had said: “Now the old
woman breaks out afresh.”—-Ch1'z's-
tian Union.

What is the necessity of two
parties, as the “ bosses” tell us, if
one is right and the other is
wrong?

ndbmré
HOUSEHOLD
REPAIRING OUTFIT!

. This coiislstsnftho
“ tools and niatcrlals
1 showulnthc cut. ltcnv
l u'l.l)l('S mix: to do his own
luilf-sol i ng. ri:l)bcr,bo0t.,
i SlI()(),:llIdll'.ll'I1cSS|‘(‘, air-
; lug. l\'o pegs ncc ed-
: simply wire clinch nails.
‘ Saves time, troul,le,wct
feet, vcxation, and

..amsr . - u A b0
  ::.r.";$... .2i....2;

    
 
 
  
 
  
     
   
   

    

pill » hot. cakes. Agents
_,, . ,_., wanted. Thewliole

 ; » outfit, neatly boxed.

,  20lhs.. only $2.00.

*7 Scud for circular.

MEDmM>HI°- ll sis near 3203.. !odlu.0.

 IF YOU THINK OF Goiiio-—

A Yl’llf§fi :'A'RTH

PUT YOUR INQUIRIES IN
WRITING AND SEND TO
GENL. PASSRAGENT

GEO. D8 HAVEN. .............s....c...

FULL INFORMATION PROMPTLY GIVEN.

 if HEN

A POSITIVE E';§..‘.‘.’.§Z.‘:i'§€:‘i’x'r‘«}ix"s tn"§3%¥i
U R Eweakness offiodynnd ind; Rectal

or: or Exccue ‘ Old .
Kuhn-t, Noble mxuoon fully no-mmi. .Iliy1wlo 353433.:

HlrongthenWEAILUSI)I'2V|€I.0I'lCl)(|Il(lAN§&PARTfloflIODI
Hvhnlnli-|_v unfnlllnu IIO.Yl|'I ‘l'llI€ATI|(.\’I' — flonelllu II a. lay.
Ion Teullfy from I 7 Sign-vi,Ti-rrllurloiund Purely-fuuntrln.
You can wrlle llu-m. lhmhfullo-xplunnllomnnll Nlllrl mulled

In-lledflree. Asldresl IEIHIC IHDICAL (30. , Kl’ FALO. 5. I.
B E olus 30c. All 81. Half 50c.

H. F. Burt, Taunton, Mano.

MILK nimv rum Fflfl SALE

(Eontaining 87 acres. &d)0lnll1 the vill of
Cedar Springs. Fine house an rounds;
ment barn: abundant. water; bui dings 8) rodg
from R. R. Station. and 100 rods from Union
School. Reason for parting with this fine home
a_nd property. old age and broken health. Long
time given or small place taken in exchange.
Inquire of
C. (3. BICKN ELL. (‘edar Springs, High,

nii: STANDARD

OF THE WORLD

  
 

  

DQ 12 pkts. Flower  I2 -pkts. T I P
L - table 300. ft Daliliae 500. 10 G] '-

   
   

For Harness, Buggy Tops, Saddles.

Traveling Bags, Military Equipment .;.

(lives a beautiful finish which will not p(‘el_o'
crack 017. smut or crock by handling. Not. I‘. \v'.’l!‘.'lIi‘.l‘

Used by the U. S. Army and is the standard
among manufacturers and owners of tine harneiu
5 \ every quarter of the globe.

‘SOLD BY ALL HARNESS MAKERS.

E75,’ Nets
rec,

Clubhinglistviiih The vision

PBoth

apers.
Weekly Free Press - - - $1 00 31 35
Detroit. Weekly Tribun l - - 1 00 1 25
Cosmopolitan Ma;,razi;u~ — — 2 40 Z 50
St. Louis “ - - 1 50 1 35
Demorest’s “ - — 2 m 2 w
Michigan Farmer - — _ 1 oo 1 35
Farm Journal - - - - 25 79
Farm and Garden - - - - 50 so
Atlantic Monthly — - - 4 m 4 (1)
Century Magazine - - - — 4 oo 4 m

I  9*-

tulbflufinflll

no

.3?-;.

 


  

1

31::
if
‘ 1

W

 

 

THE GRANGE VISITOR.

APRIL 15, 1892.

THE GllANGl£ VlSl'l”0ll

Published on the 1st and 15th of every month.

Kenyon lA- Butt:-rflcld. Hlitor and .“:lll:l.'_':C‘]'.
LANSING, i\ll(.'}l.,

Toyvliom all excliang:-s. coniii-iunications. adver-
tising liiisiness and subscriptions should be
sent.

TERMS .10 ('PIlIB‘a._Yl-Prll‘, 25 (Tents for Six
Moiitlia. B_iihs::riptions payable in 2\(lVZ|l’l(‘P.
and discontinued at expiration. unless rciiewc-d.

(i?‘Remittanres should he by R: gistered Letter,

Money Order or Draft.

Entered at the Pnstoffice at Lansing, .\lich.. as
Second (Ilass Matter. :

It is not without some misgiv-:
ings that we send forth this issue ‘
of the VISITOR. It is never easy for
inexperience to fill the place of
experience, for the fledgling to fly
in the path of the eagle. And so
we feel like begging the leniency
of our readers if there should seem
to them to be an abrupt falling off‘
in the quality of the paper, feeling;
that possibly their kindness and,
charitable judgment, added to our
own growth into the intricacies of
newspaper management may in
future make amends for any pre-
sent lack.

At this time we do not wish to
formulate any distinct plan for
the paper. \Ve prefer to experi-
ment somewhat, to try, to test, and
to let the success of the paper and
its appreciation by its readers, bei
the measure of our wisdom and
judgment. We would say this,
however, that we desire to make
the VIsiTon acceptable to the Pa-
trons of Michigan, as their organ.
More than that we wish to make
the paper acceptable to every farm-
er in Michigan, patron or not,‘
who is in the least interested in
his own advancement, materially,
socially, politically. .

Recognizing the standard of edi- 

'mcnts look with some alarm upon

article, send it to us for publica- point of view of a wool grower who
tion entire. requesting that that be is a protectionist. It should be
done. \Ve want and need all such. read carefully and with thought.
In our next issue we hope to have
JOHN CHINA ‘l[“l‘Y' an exposition of the subject by an

The Chinese Bi11‘il(l\'()(.‘?1i€ of the policy of “Free
passed by the House ought to Tmdh,-,

satisfy the most intensely selfish
American citizen and the lieartiest: , _ ,
hatcr of John Chinainan. Lookedi “ ‘J Call efipeclal attmmml to the
at however even from the stand-‘ffinlmunlcatloll fr_0m_ Alex J‘
point of pure Self interest’ it Wedderbiirii in this issue of the

would Seem to be an unwise policy. I Visiroii, with the above title. Let

The fact that it will destroy faith iewry one who reads act upon his

_ 1. ' , X . 
in our government, among eastern ‘Sui’-igestlons ml aim‘ 0“ 15 the

nations, the probable immediate ,
retaliation on the part of China and f Strength and demand from our 1814'

the consequmlt loss of our exten_fislators at \Vashington something

sive and increasing coininerce—  to “zhlch thf\YGmng‘l_1m: ,c0mmlt‘
these of tlieinselvcs ought to cause I ted Itself‘ * of On]-l 1s t‘ “S megs’
hesitation in adopting‘ such a :1re.0n.e llemimqed by our Order’
meflsmg But add to these the )ut itis in the interests of all of
blow such an act would be against ‘Our ("mz9nS' TOO Often’ hO“'ew1"
' {D ' - .
the civili7inrr and Clii'istiani7in<r fl good measure ls Sufielled to
’ ‘ H * ‘ ‘ 5, . .
Work of the great missionary 0r_ , be lost, simply becausethe 1I],l'€‘I‘Pbt—
£4 . . , 7
ganizatioiis in China, and the ex- led far? Ofth‘;'Re1:°I:1(lI’:lrt, “the
u \ V V
ample thus set by the most liberal 1 P901’ ‘’ f 0 not Of) 0 193,11 ml“
Ilatiml of “M, World’ and We have * interests and the interested ' party
' ' .. . "
perhaps even more cogent reasons Of_t1“' hlst pmt defeat thilt
for caution which would have been to his
Possibly the inhabitants of the loss andd1S'rlf1mnt‘age'
Pacific Coast may have had eXpe_  Let not this be so now.‘ Let the
riences that would justify tll€lGran‘(_'“r9’ Orgamzed for 'luSt,Sm"h
espousal of such extreme ideas as 0803310115 and purposes as thls’ re"
are embodied in this bill, but if so, Spond to the_cau that_ Comes from
they have failed to impress us of our Workers "1 ‘Vashmgt°n'

the East with the justice of their hi-uh ‘time that selfishness’ greed
views‘ and dishonesty gave way before the

people’s demand for righteous
laws.

 

Exclusion

THE PURE F001) BILL.

LABOR AGITATION.
The news comes from Italy and ‘ _ W
from Germany that these govern- g If you d0_n t get your paper let
us know of it at once. The trans-
fer of the mailing list into new
hands may cause some mistakes.
And if your correspondence does

the preparations going forward
among the Socialists for the cele-
bration of May-day. In Chicago
it appears that the “Reds” are

time for the Grange to assert its‘

It is.

‘duced. But he can hardly be coii-
tent with that alone; he should
have something more. The cat-
tle feeder in this State is peculiar-
ly and unfortunately situated. His
location between the states of
cheap beef production in the west
and the markets of the east. still
costing him as much to transport
his cattle to market as it does his
western iieighbor. makes it ex-
ceedingly difficult for him to hold
his own in the business.

The cattle feeders of Jlicliigan
have lieretofore held to the ways
of the eastern farmers in the mat-
ter of close stabliiig, grinding‘
grain etc., for their cattle, making

_ the labor of caring for their cattle

nearly double that of the western

, feeder. They have done this with

‘the feeling that they made the

} feed go farther and produce more

‘pounds of beef than could be done

,' by the supposed wasteful inctliods.

jof the west.

, The low price of beef for a few

Eyears past, has turned the atten-

ftion of some of 0111‘(.'%LillL‘f<,‘t’(lt‘I‘s

jto cheaper methods of feeding,

‘and several large feeders are pur-‘

Isuing a portion at least, of the
IVV(3Sl;(£I‘11 methods which Michigan

‘farmers have formerly coiisidcrcd

jwastcful. They find, for instaiice,j
j that it is clieaper to feed (lt‘ll()1‘ll(*(l ‘
lor polled steers runiiiiig loose in a:
j warm shed or stable, than to keep.
; them tied or in stancliions. making‘

, ,
j it necessary to clean stables tWl(‘(' ;
idaily, and then not be able to lteepj
itlie cattle clean. They find that‘,
’ the cattle appear to be more (:0II1—i
fortable, and thrive as well or bet- 
ter, and the manure is better and 
kept with much less trouble andl
labor. 

They also feed whole grain rather 

Ethan ground, and those who havef

NEWS NOTES.
.\tl('III(:.»\N.
April ‘.28 is Arbor day.
A destructive fire atllicted busy Beld-
ing this week.
Judge Daniel J. Ariiold, of Allegan,
died in Washington April 7.
The force of clerks in the ollice of the
Auditor General will be much decreased.

The State Board of Health announces
that there is not a case of leprosy in
Michigan.

The Agricultural College Cadets failed

~ to get the prize money they won in Jack-

son last fall.

E. E. Riopel. of Missouri, is appointed
superintendent of the Indian industrial
school to be erected at Mt. Pleasant.

Susan B. Anthony will deliver an ad-
dress before the I\Ii<~liigaii Equal Suffrage
Association. at Battle Creek, May 4~5.

At the late elections Muskegon county
voted to authorize the raising of a two-
iuill tax for gravel road building through
the county.

Edward l). Campbell. assistant profes-
sor of metallurgy in the University, loses
the sight of both eyes from the explo-
sion of clieiiiicals in ii glass retort.

At the recent Afro-American gather-
ing in Lansing. resolutions were passed
asking Congress to enforce laws relative
to fair siiifrage for the negro, endorsed
the Administration and recommended
the Republican state convention to ap-
point ii colored delegate to the Minne-
apolis convention.

I\’.-\']‘l(|N.\l..

Mrs. President Harrison is quite ill.

The Springer “free wool" bill passed
the House by ii vote of 10-1 to 60.

Edward l’;irdridge, of Cliicago. lost
and made fortunes, in wheat, inside of
two days.

Representative Springer received an
ovation on his return to the House after
his severe illness.

The Senate has passed the bill appro-
priating $100,000 for the national en-
campment. of the G. A. H.

An instructor and ten boys connected
with the Boston Fariii School, on Tliomp-
son’s Island, were drowned.

t1'iedil‘“'el’19aS9d- V-n1eC01'“.9§r0“'11: The House spent one afternoon last
on the farm (58.11 be run tll1'0l1gll§ week in listening to eloquent eulogies

not appear when you expect it, belstill be fed whole.
Think rather that We are ; method of feeding, a shote for each

the cutter without liuskiiig and the
cattle eat corn and stalks together.
. If the grain is purcliased it can
\Vitli this

1 upon the late Congressniiiu M. H. Ford,
iof Michigan.

T ‘ Senator Chandler will not vote for the
‘I election of United States Senators by the
{people simply to “gratify the desires of
2 the Farmers’ Alliance.”

torial efficiency Set byom, pI_ede_l1I1l',€Il(ll11gl‘JO form a huge parade’
cessors, we shall put forth our best i  "1 ‘:““0“5 WW5 13:9 "0109 to

- - _; ieir grievances as a orers u on
eflbljts t0- mamtam thillt Sta-gtlardi 3 the same day' and simultaneoupsly 
so tiat it can never ie sai tliatjwith the C1 hire f dy a _tJ . E
any fallure on our part has been ‘ Paiis a polifie offifiial bf]  ii: 1i:
‘ ' 1c 0

due to negligence or laziness-

But in this endeavor to keep;
the paper at its present efficiencyl
we ask for the earnest help of‘
every Patron in Michigan. Un-
less we have it we can not succeed.
We expect the Grange of Michi-
gan to come to the support of the
VISITOR in every possible way.
The obtaining of new subscribers,
in and out of the Grange; corre-
spondence, kindly criticism and

suggestions, will all help And vgifontent and discouragement ‘to the

shall expect them all.

With this greeting and appeal
we venture forth upon the busy
highways of journalistic endeavor.

Our exchanges will please notice
that the office of the VISITOR has
been removed from Paw Paw to
Lansing and will kindly send their
papers to the latter place.

FOR some reason, probably on
account of the sudden transfer of
the VISITOR to Lansing, little corre-
spondence has arrived at this-
office in time for the present issue.
We hope our friends will not for-
get us.

In connection with this point we
wish to make three suggestions
with a rule attached to each:

Suggestion I. Let every Patron
and friend write often on any top-
ic that occurs.

Rule: Condense, that more may
have opportunity to write.

‘Suggestion II. Let us hear fre-
quently from every Grange in the
State.

Rule: Be brief, that we may
have space for all.

Suggestion III. Let us have
abstracts of the best articles and
discussions at the Pomona granges
for publication in the VISITOR.

Rule: Get at the kernel of the
matter. Put the leading ideas in-
to the smallest space consistent
with clearness. Thus we will have
the advantage of all the best
thought our Grange affords.

If there is an especially good

reported to have adniitted that
there ai'e enough dynamite bombs
in the latter city, and enough men
to use them, to destroy the city.
VVhat a contrast between this body
of laborers, ground down it may
be, but seeking by curses and in-
human threats to gain justice, and
the body of citizens represented by
the Grange, who are endeavoring
to remove similar causes of dis-

laborer by the divine means of in-
telligence and virtue!

 

OUR COLLEGE COLUMN.

VVe call attention to the “Col-
lege Column,” on page 7. This is
not to “ boom ” the college, but to
help our readers. We conceive
that farmers want to know what
the College is doing for them. It
is the intention to make this col-
umn a live medium of exchange
between the College and the farm-
er, as concerns practical hints for
the benefit of the latter. We shall
not agree that all specific questions
sent in will be answered by the
Professors through this column,
but they have kindly consented to
contribute items of interest to the
body of our readers, and we have
no doubt would be glad to answer
questions of general concern by the
convenient means thus offered.

 

FREE WOOL.

The Springer Wool Bill has
passed the House. Whatever its
further fate may be, the question
of a. tariff on wool will continue to
be the slogan of party battle for
some time to come, whenever the
farmer vote is considered. It be-
hooves every sheep raiser, and in-
deed every farmer, to make up his
mind definitely upon this question.
He must seek to find the truth of
the one position and the unstabil-
ity of the other position. To this
end we present this week an article
from Hon. John T. Rich, upon
this subject, looked at from the

patient.
not quite “ settler ” yet, than that
our waste-basket has been replaced
by a larger one.

FAITH IN BEET SUGAR.

Henry T. Oxnard, proprietor of.

the large suga‘; '11I‘B.lI16.I.g§ClOl‘y at
Grand Island, I-3-liraska, and who
represents four of the six sugar-
beet factories in the United States,
says: “Inside of ten years, the
factories of this country will be
producing from beets all the sugar
used for home consumption. It is
no longer a matter of experiment,
but of business. There are four
factories in the west: two in Ne-
braska, one in Utah, and one in
California, which are producing
beet sugar. Each of these factories
costs about $500,000. A large pro-
portion of the states can profitably
grow the beets.” It would seem
by the report of the experiments
conducted in this State last year
through the Agricultural college
experiment station, contained in
the bulletin lately issued by Dr.
Kedzie, that for yield per acre and
content of sugar, there are several
sections of Michigan in which
sugar beets can be grown at a
profit, if used for making sugar.
It remains to be seen whether in
any section enough farmers will
grow beets, and some enterprising
capitalist contribute the money to
build and equip a factory to man-
ufacture the sugar. Where shall
the first factory be located?

BEEF l[AKING—ECONOMY IN
PRODUCTION.

Economy in beef production
does not consist in feeding less
food to fattening cattle. It may
mean more food, since the more
food an animal eats, digests and
assimilates in the shortest time,
the more profit in the feeding.
But if it costs more to produce
beef than we get for it, no matter
how scientifically we mix the
foods, or how skillfully we induce
the animal to eat iiis rations, it
will be a losing and unsatisfactory
business. If a farmer can realize
by feeding grain and hay, or other
fodder a reasonable price for his
forage he may find it profitable for
his farm, even though he has to
give his time for the manure pro-

Si-€81‘ 0T_1 full ft“f‘(l. 01‘ 0119 t0 IWO; Vifliitelaw Reid, Minister to France,
steers If not highly fed, must be 3 has returned tohthis country, and was
kept to run with the cattle and save  “-',_"'°1:‘b" “‘]‘1“(f~3'l“.“"f3“t_ %"1“‘1“°l3 "1 New
the undigested portion of the grain. 0:, -V e "0 “Me y‘

In this way nothing is lost. The ,f“1"°ll“'}‘d”"ll ‘ma S1""f9f"t?"_f°}‘r “‘_"“‘
I } ig reduc ‘d to a minimum and ‘ sant . two rum red ant i ty~se\en acres
ax” * ‘~ ' _ 3 iof reservation land in the Dakotas is
the cattle are found to keep in good 1 opened for settlement April 15,

health on the whole graiii, not get-‘
ting “ off their feed” so easily as
when on heavy feed of ground
grain.

Hon. Franklin Wells of Constan-
tine is feeding 50 liead in this way,
and John T. Rich has a lot of young
cattle fed on corn and stalks cut
together, fed rather lightly during
the winter and to be finished on
grass. Several feeders in Ioiiia
county have also been feeding whole
grain and are well satisfied with the
results, thus far.

One of the best experiments
that could be conducted at our
experiment station would be the
feeding of a lot of steers on whole
grain, or stalk and corn fed together
as compared with steers fed on
grain, ground and fed in the usual
manner practiced by feeders in
this State.

I. H. B.

SILK CULTURE.

Prof. Cook sends in the follow-
ing, in reply to aquery concerning
Silk Culture:

The silk worm can be success-
fully reared wherever the Osage
Orange or Magnolia will grow.
Of course these shrubs and trees
grow best on good soil. The
whole subject of silk culture is
fully described in publications is-
sued by the Department of Agri-
culture at Washington.

There is no little work in rear-
ing the insects, and there is little
money in this industry, so that,
as a matter of curiosity it has never
been long popular with any one
who has actually undertaken it.
It is not at all likely that silk cul-
ture will be profitable in America
for many years, if ever. Labor in
Europe is so cheap, that we could
not compete with it, unless the
business was enormously protected.

Special World’s Fair Commis-
missioner Alexander Campbell,
has returned from Australasia, and
reports that great enthusiasm over
the Exposition is felt in that part
of the world. New South \Vales,
South Australia, Victoria, Queens-
land, New Zealand and Tasmania,
are all making extensive prepara-
tions for their representation, and
splendid exhibits are reported sure

to be sent.-—Publi'c Opinion.

The Myers voting machine, used at
Lockport, N. Y., proved satisfactory.
The result of the election was announced
immediately after the polls closed.

Congress isinvestigating the matter of
the abrogation of the treaty of 1817 with
Great Britain, in order to ascertain if we
can add to the number of our war ves-
sels on the Great Lakes.

Dr. Parkhurst's persistence in reveal-
ing specific instances of crime, debauch-
ery and violations of the excise law in
New York resulted in the closing of
4,000 saloons on Sunday and the cautious
operation of the remaining 

Byron G. Stout has introduced a reso-
lution in Congress providing for an in-
vestigation into the consolidation of the
Reading, Lehigh Valley, Jersey Central
and Delaware, Lackawanna & Western
railways, popularly known as the “Read-
ing deal."

The House passed the Chinese exclu-
sion bill. It annuls every existing treaty
with China, forbids the coming to this
country of any Chiuamen, except gov-
ernmental representatives. Even Chinese
residents who may temporarily leave this

5 country are included.

 

FOREIGN.

The Italian government has fears re-
garding the results of a May day cele-
bration.

The Berlin authorities are anxiously
watching the preparations for the May
day celebration by the Socialists.

Three boxes recently landed at Mal-
mo, Sweden, labeled “machines,” were
found to contain 2,400 copper shells filled
with powder and fulminate of mercury.

Private letters received from Great
Britain by live stock exporters in Mon-
treal, state that it is expected that the
restrictions now placed on cattle on the
other side will be taken off in about
three weeks.

German consular reports for the quar-
ter of 18% show a decrease in trade com-
pared with the same period in 1891. From
Berlin the decrease is 8,000,000 marks and
from Hamburg it is 5,000,000 marks in
sugar exports alone. This is said to be
owing to the reciprocity treaties of the
United States affecting the German
sugar trade to the West Indies and South
America.

Cardinal Gibbons has addressed
a circular letter to the Archbish-
ops and Bishops of the Roman
Catholic church in the United
States, suggesting the propriety of
some concerted action with respect
to the solemn religious observances
on October 12th next, commemora-
tive of the discovery of America.-—
Public Opinion.

 

The greatest fire known occurred
in Moscow in 1812; 30,800 build-
ings were consumed and the loss

was $150,000,000.

‘c

 


 

APRIL 15, 1892. THE GRANGE VISITOR. /“ 5
F°’ “*9 Vi°“°"- i For While the rabble with their thumb- many talented members. The A ber, one who will long he remem- ii The policy of the government has
PARTY VS- “'03'l'H- .“’°”‘ °"°°d5- . . . paper was good all the wayibered as the father of our great been to encourage schools.
Their large professions and their little

At the time of the spring elec-I
tions one can scarcely fail to note
how much more the average voter
thinks of party than of the charac-
ter or fitness of the different candi-
dates for the office to which they.
aspire. A business man in need ,
of a clerk will inquire closely as to;
the character and ability of an _
applicant for the position, but how '
much heed does he pay to the A
political opinions of the individual.
What the merchant wants is some
one capable and willing to do the‘
work required of him. But this
same -man who exercises his best;
judgment in his private affairs will
go to the polls and cast his vote for »
men who have not the first qualifi- I
cation for the position to which his
ballot helps to raise them, except
that his party nominated them; ‘
“His party” in this case usually
resolves itself into a half-dozen, or‘
less, wire—pulling politicians, who;
have nothing better to do than
smooth the pathway to their own
preferment by placing their tools‘
as sentinels along the way. The
honest man is busy, and thinks he I
does his duty by voting for the ,
candidates of his party. The poli- *
tician is Wiser; he knows well that;
the battle is more than half fought 
when the nominations are made. :
Hence he is always on hand and in g
the absence of better men he usu- l
ally has things all his own way. ,
Hence it is that the men nominated 
and elected are so often shining
examples of incompetency. Then,
the other party howls at this, and[
this one answers back, when in 1
reality it is the men, not the party, i
who deserve censure. A man may 1
be just as worthy, ust as capable, F
in one party as in another. f he 
is not capable he never should be}
put in nomination. A

One man’s father is a Democrat,
so he is one too and regularly votes
the Democratic ticket without
knowing the difference between
Democrat and Republican, except
that one begins with a D, and the}
other don’t. That man might as*
well vote for Satan, for all the
good his ballot does. He is only
the tool of the politician who?
bossed the nomination. What are
we to say of such stupidity ‘r’ The
only wonder is that the country
did not long ago come under the‘
rule of the sulphurous personage
above mentioned. There are intel-
ligent business men with such
blind adherence to party that they
would vote for their man even
though they knew his election
would send the country to the dogs
at a two-forty pace. Their opin-
ions are all party, and in their
blind worship of an ancient and
obsolete organization they seem to
part with every vestigs of common
sense and reason.

The first duty of a citizen of a
republic is to seek the good of the
country, and he who sacrifices the
good of the republic to the claims
of party is a traitor to his country
and should be branded as such.

To take care of the country the
politician does not consider one of
his duties; his only object is to take
-care of himself with as little effort
as possible.

What this country needs is men
who think,~think in politics as
well as in private affairs. Men
who will see that the right persons
are nominated and then support
them, regardless of party lines.
The new way of voting gives one
an excellent chance to practice dis-
crimination. The names are all on
one sheet, and he can go over the
whole, selecting the best men from
each party, while safely closeted in
the booth, without let or hindrance
from oflicious friends or scheming
candidates,—-I was going to say
enemies.

It don’t make any difference
whether the man is sockless or not,
it is sense and fitness that the
country needs. The wild schemes
originated by a few discontented
politicians out of office and hunger-
ing for the spoils will never save
the country or bring prosperity.
It is preposterous to expect a man
unversed in judicial matters to
make wise and beneficient laws, as
the large number that are declared
unconstitutional amply proves.
What we need is

“Men whom the lust of office does not
k'11;
Men virhom the spoils of oflice cannot
b .
Men wlhyo, possess opinions and a will;
Men who have honor; men who will not
lie;

I Worth Lecturer

‘the ground unless very grassy. J.

deeds.

VVrangle in selfish strife—lo! Freedom
weeps.

Wrong rules the land, and waiting Jus-
tice sleeps.”

Men of training are now, more
than ever, needed in our halls of
legislation, and it behooves every
voter to consider carefully the
qualifications of every candidate
before helping him to obtain the
oflice that he may so shamefully
misuse to the detriment of the
country. A. L.

Eaton Rapids.

LENAWEE C0l'_\'TY POMONA
(iRANGE.
To the Editor Grrmgc V isilor .-

Lenawee County Grange meti
with Palmyra Grange on Thursday, ‘
April 7. Opened at eleven o’clock f
in the fifth degree. The financial-
standing of Pomona No. 15 is good. 
\Vorthy Master, J. \V. \Voolse_v,
closed in fifth degree and opened;
in the fourth for transacting busi-
ness. Recess for dinner. A‘
splendid dinner was furnished by‘,
the good sisters who know so well I
how to please the brothers when
the dinner hour draws near.

As the afternoon meeting was
to be public some of the neigh-*
bors, not members, joined with us
in the exercises. At 1:30 the IV.»
M. called to order and all joined,
in singing the welcome song. The‘,
program had been prepared byj
Sister M. T.
Cole.

The following question was ask-
ed, “Shall we plow or cultivate
corn stubble for oats.” Brothers
Allis and Graves would not plow

\V. \Voolsey always plows for oats
but most of his neighbors do not
and seem to get about as good
crops as he does. It is best how-
ever, to plow if wheat is to follow.
Bro. Cheeney is of the same opin-
ion but would plow very shallow
for oats. Bro. T. G. Chandler said
perhaps it might do to sow sandy;
ground without plowing but fall
plowing suited their clay loam best.
Bro. VVm. Bowerman had tried‘
sowing oats two years without plow-
ing, but would plow after this.‘
Bro. Martin had lately practicedl
cultivating and liked it, but unless’
the land was foul with grass or
weeds, drills his oats. Thinks
they do better than broadcast.

Bro. J. W. \Voolsey, who has had
considerable experience in raising
and feeding lambs, read a very in-
structive and interesting paper on,
“ Raising and feeding lambs.” He
keeps but few sheep—~Shropshires.
Lambs are dropped in March.
Have access to barn and learn to
eat in one week. When six weeks
old feeds them corn and oats
ground, until they are turned out
to pasture. Takes them from
ewes in the old of moon in August.
Salts twice each week. Com-
mences feeding grain when turned
from ewes. By winter they are
ready for full feed of corn and
feeds nothing else. Usually sells
January first. Average weight
100 lbs. Lambs should be fatten-
ing all the time.
starving and fattening process no
longer pays. Raises half blood
lambs.

Bro. E. P. Allis volunteered a
calf story that was relished by all.

Sister Anna Palmer, Lecturer
of Palmyra grange, read a finely
prepared paper. Subject, “Talent.”
The sentiments were concisely ex-
pressed and every one was good.

Song by grange “ The Hand that
holds the Bread.” Sister Frank
Allis of Madison Grange favored
us with a select reading, “King
Robert of Sicily.” Mrs. Allis reads
splendidly. Would be pleased to
have her read to us again. “The
work of 25 years,” by Bro. T. G.
Chandler of Working Grange,
was a review of grange work. Mr.
Chandler believes in the Grange
and is one of the old standby’s of
the order. ,

Bro. Thos. F. Moore, past Over-
seer of State Grange, told us briefly
of his trip last summer through
the eastern and southern states.
The very closest attention was giv-
en to his remarks.

Song—Miss Lulu Colvin.

Paper——“Corn Culture” by M.
'1‘. Cole.

Duet——Miss Hattie Cole and
Mrs. Fanny Mitchell.

Sister Mary A. Baker of Madison
Grange, read an essay, “Literature

-.thought of, had 11ot primitive man!

I obtained from the

The alternatevfiow a new difficulty arose.

in the Home.” Madison Grange
is very fortunate in having so

through. Our worthy Secretary,
Sister Mary Allis, is also from
Madison Grange. She recited,
“My Dream.” Delegates who
attended the State Grange last
winter heard Miss Allis recite and
know how well she pleased her
audience.

Palmyra Grange furnished pro-
gram for the evening session,
which consisted of songs, recita-
tations, discussions, instrumental
music, etc. M. T. COLE.

 

SCHOOLS.

Delivered before Lapeer P. of H., Jan. 14, 1892.
LADIES AND GrE.\'TI.EMEN———Tl1ere

-is no institution among the various_
-educational seats of learning in

this wide world to which so much
importance and interest should be 1
attached as to our common public‘
schools.

The majestic oak with its mighty ,
arms soaring to the sky was once
a mere sapling, once a tiny plant
that thefaintest gust of wind swayed
to and fro. The huge ship that,
plows the briny deep is but a‘
creature of a larger growth, whose‘:
existence would never have been;
devised its progenitor. E

And so with our great seats oft
learning, which are studded herel
and there over this glorious landl
of ours, like pearls in a diadeinfl
They owe their greatness and use-,
fulness to the influx and impetus!
innumerable 3
little red schoolhouses throughoutl
the land.

But then enough of prelimi-
naries. I believe I was to talk to
you about schools from three
sources, ancient. modern and future
schools. History gives us some
idea of the systems of schools in
olden times, and mentions among
the great educators of that time
such men as Socrates, Cato, C-icero,
Plato and Comenius.

Only a privileged class received
the benefits of a school education,
while the masses were kept in
ignorance.

It was mainly from this cause
that all the great nations of the
ancient world such as Assyria,
Rome, C-artliagn.___Greece and many
others we 1u,igr-’t. mention, fell.
Physical trainiifz, and elocution
received a great deal of attention
and also the fine arts. But we
must not forget that it was only
the higher classes who obtained the
advantages of a good training in
the secular branches and also that
only the boys went to school.

It was thought that woman’s
sphere was confined to the home
circle. That it was not necessary
that she should receive any school
education and to Christianity must
be given the credit of bettering
woman’s condition in this line.

About the fourteenth century at
great revival of learning took*
place in Europe.

Constantinople had long been
the seat of learning of the then
known world, but falling i11to the
hands of the barbarian Turks, the
great scholars were forced to flee to
other countries of Europe. And
VVith
the revival of learning came the
necessity for more books. At this
time they were Written or printed
by hand, a long and tedious pro-
cess, consequently but a privil-l
eged few could buy books. i

Soon after, however, the art of
printing was invented. Books
became abundant, therefore cheap-
er, and every one could read.

One result of this diffusion of
knowledge was the great reforma-
tion which affected more especially
Germany and England.

The king of England caused the
monasteries to be destroyed. These
had been the schools of that coun-
try, and with their removal came
the necessity of some other system
by which the people might be
taught.

But we must pass over a century
or two till we come to the time of
the French Revolution. The com-
mon people of that country had
not been favored with the bless-
ings of education as the inhabi-
tants of other countries in Europe
had been. Ground under the heel
of oppression till human forbear-
ance could stand it no longer, they
rose in their might, slew the un-
happy king and many of his
nobles, and t it: era of terror
rei ned supreme through France.

f course the causes of this at-

tracted the attention of many
learned men, and among the num-

national system of
Henry Pestalozzi.

His great mind saw the evils

that were certain to result from5

The’

the poverty of the niasses.
support of the poor is still a ques-
tion of vital importance to the

.governments of Europe and was

particularly so before tln French
Revolution. At that 1i'=.ie the
wealth of the country was cntirely
in the hands of the prnile,-ge(l
classes. while the poor toiled for

1 insufficient wages, with no thought

for the future.

They thus became a sure prey
for the workhouse and a burden
upon the community.

The introduction of cotton man-A

ufactures had rendered the contrast
between employer and employed
more striking. This, making 1non-
ey more pleantiful, brought into
common use things which hadbcen
considcred as luxuries; and the
poor in attempting to kcep pace

with the rich gradually forgot all;
the principles ef economy, bccalne

intemperate or wasteful and conse-

quently wcre often reduced to:

hopeless poverty.

The only relief for this suffcringl
supplied by the government. was‘
poorhouses ‘

the introduction of
where the innocent child and hard-
ened sinner, the helpless sick and
shiftless vagabond were herded to-
gcther. They were. in fact mcre

homes for the unfortunate. or
houses of reform for the wicked.
The occupants when dismissed
usually returned to their vicious
practices, which soon brought
them back again. How well Pes-
talozzi succeeded in finding a rem-
edy is well known to those who
have made a study of the progress
of education. Time and space will
not permit me to deal with his
system so we will pass on to note
the condition of schools in Eng-
land during the first decades of the
present centu1'y.

The system in use there at that
time was what was called the
“boarding school system.” \Vho
has not read “Nicholas Nickleby”
and shuddered to think that child-
ren should be treated in such an
inhuman manner. Public atten-
tion was directed toward reform
and through the efforts of noble
hearted men, and wise legislation
the free school system was adopted
and now no one in that country is
denied the blessings of a good edu-
cation.

Passing to this country, which
we probably say is the most en-
lightened nation in the world we
will note the progress made in ed-
ucational affairs here.

\Vhen this country was in its in-
fancy schools were not very num-
erous and as a natural consequence
there was not the same enthusiasm
aroused in educational interests
that there is today.

It was not till near the middle
of the present century that any
great movement was made toward
educational reform. The labors of
Horace Mann in the cause of edu-
cation were of such a character as
to insure to his memory the ever-
lasting gratitude, not only of Mass-
achusetts, which was the theater of
his principal labors, but of the
whole country. Nor David Page
whose noble work and example has
been of lasting benefit to so many
teachers. He has left behind him
something to remind us of him, a
book called “Page’s Theory and
Art of Teaching” which I would
recommend all teachers to read,
and believe it would be well worth
your perusal also.

We certainly shall not forget the
Hon. Jno. D. Pierce, the father of
our present school system in Mich-
igan. To one looking upon his
benevolent face and his snowy locks
and into his kindly eyes, it was
easy to see good reasons, why those
who knew and loved him, had,
as by common consent, come to
call him “Father Pierce.”

The free school is the product of
the nineteenth century. General
intelligence must keep pace with
material prosperity if the founda-
tions of government would be safe.
It certainly is of universal import-
ance that the Whole people should
be educated; back of the ballot must
be intelligence, and so free schools
and general intelligence become a
public necessity.

By the ordinance of 1787 provis-
ion was made for the maintenance
of schools. Congressional land
grants have been made from time
to time for educational purposes.

education, I

\Vhile the general government
has done much to foster education
there seems to be a loud call for it
to grant assistance to that portion
of our country that suffered most
jseverely from the war, that the
millions may be educated and made
fit for Amcrican citizenship. In
no way can the surplus in the nat-

iional treasury be used to such ad-
vantage to the whole country.
Sucha policy as this towards the
South would go far toward healing
the wounds of the late conflict and
bringing abonta state of prosperity
which that portion of our country
can now appreciate.

Let us draw a contrast. From a
smallsecfion in New England the

free public school has spread over
the entire country: the log school,
house with its punchcon floor and
seats, has evcI‘ywl1cre been replaced
by the elegant well furnished school
building with attractive school
books in the hands of the pupils.
\Vc now have the kindergarten with
all its attractions, the very para-
;dise of childhood, instead of the
dingy old schoolhouse with not-h-
ing inviting, the terror of children.

Better teaching qualification is
demanded. bcttcr remuneration
oficrcd, improved methods of teach-
,ing have been introduced. Then
3 there were no normal schools; now
lpublic and privatc normals are to
1 be found in every state in the

ifecding establishments, rather than 1 Union, scnding forth thousands of

1 trained teachers every year. Oom-
lpulsory education laws have been
ienacted by a number of our states
land I think among the number is
‘ Micliigan. I am sorry to say that
lthe law in a great many counties
,of' this enterprising state of ours
l is but poorly carried out. How is
.coming man or woman going to
icompete with his more fortunate
i neighbor, if he be denied the priv-
,.ilege of a good, practical and theo-
iretical education. The time was
}when such a man or woman got
‘along tolerably well without a lib-
‘icral education. But that time is
1 past. “ This is the age of run-
lners, and woc to the man that
[stops to tie his shoe string.”

j And still mere intellectual train-
 ing is no safeguard to the home or
 state.
‘men, in a St'('lllfl'.' m‘llS.’_. are
! prison.
use of their edncatimx. The heart
as well as the head must be edu-
cated. There can be no doubt as
to the necessity of moral culture,

back of it a Christian influence.

An eminent thinker has said:

Whatever we would have appear
in the citizen, or the nation, we

must first put in the school. No
factor can be more potent in the
right settlement of questions of
national importance than the pub-
lic school, for in it the future citi-
zens of our country are taught.

How important, then, the influences
which should surround our youth.

And how much more important is
it that he or she, whose business it
.is to mould and assist in develop-
l ing power, should be adapted to
.,his or her profession. And this
1 leads me to say a few words in re-
gard to the teacher’s political posi-
tion in a community. Some peo-
ple deny the right of teachers
meddling in political affairs. Why
shouldn’t he have a right? Do
.you suppose he is not acquainted
with the state of affairs? He has
certainly not much to lose, judging
the corrupted state of politics at
the present time. Some people
say: “ VVell, he will offend some of
the patrons.” Let them get offend-
ed. A man or woman that speaks
from principle need not be ashamed.

I have very little respect for the
man who knows nothing but school,

can talk nothing but school, and
dare not talk on school matters if
there is a difference of opinion in
the community.

“That is the function of our
public school?

It is to prepare pupils for their
special phases in life, to train them
to the application of their active
powers to some industrial pursuit?

Or is it the aim of the teacher to
train and discipline the mind, all
of its powers, with reference to
what he may become?

If it be the former, we certainly
have not the means nor the educa-
tional trainingto communicate such
knowledge to our pupils.

We have an Agricultural College
to which we can send our boys to
be trained in the arts of farming
or mechanism.

‘Z n

Continued on Page 8.

Some of our bcst educated '

They have made wrong-

 


» ing; but winter apples should have

6

K

 

 THE GRANGE VISITOR.

0 CAP'I‘AIN! MY CAPTAIN!

0 Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done.
The ship has weathered every rock, the prize we
sought is won.
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all
exulting.
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim
and daring;
But 0 heart! heart! heart!
0 the bleeding drops of red.
Where on the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
0 Captain! my (laptainl rise up and hear the
bells:
Rise up—for you the flag is flung, for you the
bugle trills.
For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths, for you
the shores a crowding.
For you they call. the swaying mass. their eager
faces turning;
Here Captain! dear father!
Thin arm beneath your head.
It is some dream that on the deck
You've fallen cold and dead.
My Captain does not answer. his lips are pale and
still,
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse
nor will,
The ship is anchored safe and sound, its voyage
closed and done,
From fearful trip the victor ship, comes in with
object won;
Exult O Shores, and ring 0 balls!
But I with mournfnl tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen, cold and dead.
—Wall lVhitman.
——j————j_.
THE POSSIBILITIES OF AN AI’I’Lh.

Has not some one advised us, if
we would be well, to doctor with
apples and abstinence? If not,

some one would do wisely to sol

prescribe.

Truly, the capabilities of no
healthful food are more ignored
than those of the most plentiful
fruit of the temperate climate.

Apples, too often, and especially
on the country bill of fare, are
counted simply as an extra, to be
munched at leisure or pleasure,
and not depended upon as a staple,
regular food. Because so common,
they are carelessly preserved and
little ingenuity expended on their
preparation for the table. In order

that an apple may retain its plump- ~;

ness, its savor of May blossoms,
the summer wind’s kisses, and Sep-
tember’s harvest suns, it should be
packed with its fellows in a dry
barrel, headed up and kept in a
cool place. Many good varieties
will keep soundly until mid-Winter
in this way and a few kinds will
not fully mature until late in March
or April.

The King of Tompkins County
and Northern Spy are ready to
yield jellies in December that will
vie with that extracted from berries
in July, with far less fatigue and
discomfit-ure to the extractor.

In January the \Vagner,~—that
bearer of Pomona’s palm, to my
thinking,—is prime for canning.
To refill one’s empty fruit cans in
the dead of winter with solid white
apple quarters afloat in delicate,
colorless syrup, is enough to ward
off a spring fear that the sauce
supply will run low. A cool, fresh
dish of them served even in the
flush of the fresh fruit season is
most grateful.

The Northern Spy, Baldwin and
Rhode Island Greening, when well
preserved, make toothsome delica-
cies, cooked or uncooked, from the
middle of autumn to early spring;
but, left in open boxes or barrels
for months, they become withered
and lose all crispness and individ-
uality of flavor. All varieties so
kept tend to a common tasteless-
ness.

The best way to serve apples is
the simplest,——fresh in their own
crimson and gold, and green and
tan skins. From the time the first
plate of Maiden’s Blush in late
summer is set on the table, to the
bringing forth of the exquisitely
dyed Canada Reds in the early
summer of the next year there need
be no interim in the setting forth
of at least one inviting dessert.

The only uses apples are put to
in many households are for sauce

be cooked‘, without stirring, until a
straw will pierce them. Prepared
in a stone bowl or jar, covered with
a plate and kept in a slow oven
four or five hours, sauce takes on
a delicious flavor and rich color.

The term “baked," applied to

apples, covers a series of inviting
dishes. Sweet apples baked whole;
juicy apples, pared. sprinkled with
sugar and baked;
halved and the cores replaced by
‘sugar and a trifle of water, all
served with or without cream,
fadd several tempting items to our
‘list.
5 Then boiled apples, a dessert fit
jfor the gods! The Northern Spy
iis best for this purpose, both be-
icause of its color and its splendid
icooking qualities. Cover 8. half-
idozen perfect apples with water in
a porcelain kettle, add a large cup-
ful of sugar and cook until tender;
remove the fruit carefully, boil the
‘syrup until quite thick, then pour
over the apples.

Below are a few modes of com-
jbining apples with other ingredi-
lents, all simple and taking but
llittle time to prepare—cardinal
'arguments in their favor.
l Tapioca and apple pudding:
!Pour a pint of boiling water over

 

_  three tablespoonsful of tapioca and

one teaspoonful of salt; let simmer
;in a pudding. dish 011 the back of
l the stove until dissolved. Fill the
,dish with quartered apples, one
E teacupful of sugar, two tablespoons-
‘al ful of butter and season with lemon
lor vanilla. Stir all together well,
lplace in a hot oven and bake an
E hour.
 Steamed batter pudding: Butter
§a two-quart tin basin, fill with
lquartered tart apples; pour over
 them a batter made of one quart of
f flour, two teaspoonsful baking pow-
_‘der and one of salt, stirred 11p with
gmilk; steam one and a half hours
iover a hot fire. Serve with hot,
gsweet sauce.

Brown Betty pudding: A layer
of bread crumbs, sprinkled with
sugar, a lump of butter and a dust
of cinnamon, followed by a layer of
apple, seasoned in the same way;
another layer of crumbs and so
continue until the dish is full,
having the last layer of apples.
Pour over all a teacupful of water.
Serve hot with cream and sugar;
or, serve cold with the addition of
a meringue.

Apple custard: Pare sweet ap-
ples, steam until tender and serve
with boiled custard poured over

them. J, B,

 

BRAZIL.

The following is taken from a
letter of Prof. Davenport’s recent-
ly received. It may interest
Michigan housewives:

Rio de Janeiro is quite a metro-
politan city, so it is scarcely a type
of South American towns, but all
are dirty. The most of them are
fairly well supplied with street
cars, here called “bonds” because
the first roads were bonded by
English capital. The cars are
smaller than our own and are
drawn by from one to six little
mules, often one or more of them
balky. In many cases the tracks
are very poorly laid, and the cars
have questionable springs under
them, so that when under full
speed——the driver makes the most
of his opportunity after getting all
his mules under headway, particu-
larly if down grade——the passen-
gers sit very stiff and straight,
though trying to look unconcer-
ned.

The streets are mostly very nar-
row; Rue de Onoidor, the Broad-
way of Rio, is not Wide enough
for two carriages to pass, and
during business hours only foot
passengers are allowed on this
street. They have a curious way
of naming the streets after the

and pies; but even in these two.days of the month, as the first of
forms a variety of flavoring makes ! March—Rua Primeiro de Marco.

almost as many different dishes.‘

Nutmeg, cinnamon, lemon, quince,  thick

and so on, vary the otherwise tedi-
ous monotony.

Attention to details brings its
own reward in even so plain dishes
as these. N o half-decayed fruit is
fit for use, and no bruised pieces
should go into the sauce, as blem-
ishes not only discolor but blunt
the flavor.

When well ripened, apples may
be pared and sliced into dishes and
served with cream and sugar with-
out cooking.

Sauce made from early apples
should be beaten fine in the cook-

The buildings are built with
concrete walls plastered
White outside. and many of them
in the cities have the fronts faced
with colored, flat, porcelain tiles
made 111 Europe. The universal
roof is made of red tile. A city
seen at a distance is a mass of
white walls covered with a sea of
red tiles. Through the country
the houses are built of brick, or of
what is far more common, a frame
of sticks and bamboo bound
together, and plastered inside and
out with mud from this red clay.
Among the poorer classes there is
nothing more, and they live on
mud floors, and build their fire

boiling water poured over them and

right on the floor, the smoke

tart apples, .

APRIL 15, 1892.

straining through the thatched
roof, depositing the soot on the
walls and rafters; and here the
family, chickens, pigs, dogs and
goats share the same shelter. On
a farm you will see one quite. pre-

heartened, begin straightway

tentious house with white plastered -

walls, and near it long rows of
white thatched mud houses such
as I have described, clearly show-
ing the remains of slavery days.
I should say that the only sources
jof light or ventilation in these
imud houses are little patches high
gup on the walls where the mud
 has been omitted.

 But let us take a look at the in-

fside of the farmer's house.

k the?
good work and show the dullerv
coin of mankind how well a girl
can talk.

Be well-read, if that means ac-
quainting one’s self as much as
possible with the best that is in

jthis wide-awake literary world,—-
‘ books, magazines and clean news-

papers. Bead them critically,-

_ forming your own opinion of their '

,strong and weak points. Be orig-
;inal and fight bravely for your}

fopinions, but if your good sense

1
l

I Will fone else.
,-describe the house that is on the ‘exhibition,

detects their unstability, retire‘
gracefully into the background,‘
behind the wiser opinion of some,
If a fine picture is on‘
and making a stir in)

lcollege farm, which was once the  the artistic world, go to see it, if 3

home of a

, prosperous sugarjthat be possible.
fmanufacturer and cane raiser. The Iquainted with it

lrooms are large and very higlhfthrough the medium of print.

If not, get ac-,
and its creator?
Bef

lmany of them extending to l:Il€iHI)l8 to take a modest part in the;
l roof like a. great bay in a barn.ltalk about it when it is under dis-=

 The sitting room is ceiled overhead : cussion,

jand painted white, the walls

; papered with bright figured
lor plastered white with a dado at

the base of the red clay. In general

the sleeping rooms are small (larklways of storing one’s mind withi

lrooms off the sitting
Jof them having light or ventila-

ition except by the door and a‘

}small transom above, unless it may
{be the one room that happens to
lbe at the outside; this may have
«one window. The Brazilian
thinks fresh air in a sleeping room
unhealthy. The windows are low
and wide and set up high. just
high enough to lazily rest the el-
bows, and it is the occupation of
many people to rest in this posi-
tion from early morning until
night, gazing at whatever chances
to pass that way. The usual way
of arranging the furniture in these
rooms is, a wide high-backed
settee at one end of the room,
with two stiff rows of chairs bear-
ing white tidies on their straight
backs, arranged at right angles to
the settee and facing each other,
making an avenue leading to the
latter.

The dining room and kitchen
open together, having one common
dirt floor and one common smoke-
stained, cobweb-hung roof above
them; and as the gentle breezes
pass through, bits of old-time soot
are wafted down and deposited on
your plate, in yaw glass of water,
or whatever it xilay be. At one
side of the dining room are the
chickens’ quarters, and they are
fed on the floor of the dining
room.

stoves in use and they are quite a
novelty. The Brazilian stove is n
istructure of brick and mortar with
an iron top in which are holes for
the reception of the cooking uten-
sils; but they have no covers, so if
there are not as many dishes pre-
paring for dinner as there are
holes in the stove they are left to
smoke. The wood, six feet or more
in length, is poked into an opening
at the front, and burns from the
end. The back part is built up
for a draft, and as it is never much
heated it is an excellent place for
the chickens to promenade and
take a peek, or a possible peck, into
the kettle, where perhaps one of
their number may be gently sim-
mering. There is an excuse for a
chimney, but far more smoke es-
capes in other ways than through
the chimney.

LEARN TO TALK.

0, girls, learn to talk. I have
been among girls a great deal, in
fact was once a girl myself. and the
folly of talking idle nonsense seems
so plain to me that I would like to
make my girl friends see it too. I
have known so many girls, bright
girls, who were hiding their talents
behind empty chatter and “jok-
ing” with their young gentlemen
friends, making such foolish retorts
and pointless little speeches. that
I have wished they could see them-
selves as others see them. If they
could I am sure they would want
to begin all over again, and learn
to talk worthily of themselves, and
of the friends they honor with their
conversation. A truly witty re-
joinder, a good pun, even a bit of
piquant retort (always supposing
it to be given respectfully and in
order), these are the salt that
savors speech.

But may be you are looking puz-
zled over the “how” of learning to
talk. It is well worth the effort,
this rubbing up of your intellect.
It is only a bit dulled from want of
use. Sterling silver keeps bright
by being used. -So, nothing dis-

.1

l

l

1

l
l

4

There are very few Ame;-icaniafter the regular hour for a meal.

I

teen years, and in all this time,

If a book lately pub- 
lished is creating a name for itself, I

P111391‘ i read it and be able to speak intel-Jr

ligently of it when the time comes. -
0, there are a thousand and one ,3

TOOID. nonelvaluable material for entertaining

conversation by-and-bye. J

Make yourself as well in-,
formed as you can in all the hap- 
penings and writings and creatingsj
of this lively nineteenth century}
I am morally certain that you will ;
be glad you spent the time. in I
study. It is a work, or ratherai
pastime, that needs wide-opened 3‘
eyes and ears all the time. Q

Now girls, don’t you see I mean l
just this: Have your ammunition
stored up, ready, but don’t burn
your precious powder until you
can hit the mark?—Annie Hamil-
ton Donnell, in American Agricult-
urist.

 

BE I’ROMI’T AT MEALS.

This forenoon my wife and I put
our heads together to cut up the
pork, recalling as best we could
knowledge that had lain dormant
for a dozen years, and got so inter-
ested in it that we didn’t know
when it was dinner time, and found
it to be some time after twelve
when we thought about it. This
made our dinner late of course, but
it is such a rarity here that I
believe it may not be out of place
to base a few remarks upon it.

I have been married nearly nine-

when my wife was well, have not
had to wait half a dozen times

On the other hand my wife has
very seldon had to wait meals for
me—when away with a load of
produce, I can not of course always
be back on time.

I speak of this because I know
many farmers are quite irregular
at meals, often staying in the field
to finish a piece of work from ten
minutes to two hours after the reg-
ular dinner hour. I know one
man who sometimes works until
3:30 to finish, when the regular
dinner hour is between twelve and
one. Such irregularity is unbusi-
nesslike and unprofitable. In my
younger days it was quite common
with farmers to be irregular, but I
married a village girl whose father
was a mechanic, and it took but a
short trial of a strictly regular sys-
tem to convince me that it was as
advantageous to the farmer as to
the mechanic to observe regular
hours.

At first it came hard to quit ex-
actly at 12 or 6, especially if there
was but a furrow or two to plow,
or a small bit of any work uncom-
pleted; but after a while I came to
regard all work as a part of a sea-
son’s job to be completed as fast as
possible, but at all times to be sub-
ject to the regular interruption of
meal time. Looked at in this way,
it is no trial to unhitch when the
time comes, whether there be much
or little to complete the job.

Meals are not only much better
when eaten promptly, but it is of
great advantage to the housewife
to know that the men will be on
hand at a certain minute to eat
them.—L. B. Pierce in Covzmtry
Gentleman.

 

THE HUSBAND AND WIFE.

Never allow yourself to become
so wearied with the indoor work
that you lose your interest with
the life outside. There is no
one thing that so unites the inter-
est of the husband and wife as a
quiet stroll over the farm, watch-
ing together the growth of vegeta-

tion. As the spring is near at

hand let us take a new interest in
the garden, and have our little
corner. where we can have some
of the beautiful flowers.

These will prove of special inter-
est as they bud and blossom. You
will be surprised from the time
tllc seed is put in the ground until
harvest time. Have some chairs
in the garden to rest a bit and
watch the glow in the westem sky.
The interest. is mutual then; the
husband feels that the wife's visits
prove her real interest in the work
he is doing. I have been to walk
many a time when my day's work
had been tiresome and a lounge in
the hammock was very tempting,
but I so longed to hold a partner-
ship in all that goes toward mak-
ing a happy home life that I never
refused the invitation to take a
walk in the garden or field. I
never failed to find rest and pleas-
ure sufficient to fully repay me.—
Jfrs. F. H. Bailey in Fm‘-m and
Home.

 

IN THE SPRING.

In the sprinxza fuller crimson comes upon the
robin‘:-x breast:

In the spring the wanton lapwing gets himself
another crest:

In the sprinea livelier iris changes on the bur-
nished dove :

In the spring a ynum! man's fancy lightly turns
to thoughts of love.

—Te1m1/son.

 

THE IDEAL I“AILVIEI€ OI" THE
FYTURE.

Secretary Rusk, in a rcccnt ncws-
paper interview, spoke these words.
which were reported in the Detroit
Tribune:

“The only hope for the Ameri-
can farmer will be in his brains.
The sharp competitions between
sections and countries which will
be induced by increased facilities

‘for transportation, will stir the
,'agriculturist‘up to his best efforts.

His chances for fortune making
will be great, but he will have to
be prepared to fight the battle of
competition for them. He must
be sufficiently well educated in
science as far as it is applicable to
agriculture, and he must be intelli-
gent enough to study his surround-
ings a11d to apply his knowledge to
the conditions about him. He will
be able to meet his fellow citizens
on an equal footing, and his brains
will command from his class in the
industry which he represents the
respect and consideration which he
deserves and he will give other
classes and other industries due
respect in return. The farmer of
the future will be a business man,
able not only to compel his soil to
do its best in the matter of pro-
duction, but to study the markets
and know what will sell the best
and what will command the high-
est price. This farmer will keep
his accounts like any other busi-
ness man, so that he may know
exactly where his profits are and
where have been his losses. These
are strong qualifications, but they
are essential to the farmer who
would do his business on a broad
plan and who would succeed. As
to the question of his education,
when you consider that he must
have a knowledge of all the prin-
ciples of animal and plant life. that
he must understand the constituent
elements of soils and fertilizers,
and that he must have some knowl-
edge of meteorology, chemistry,
and the other sciences closely con-
nected with crop raising, you will
see that the ideal farmer of the
future will have to be not only a
brainy but a well educated man.”

WANTS MORE.

Ontario 00., IV. 17., April 4, ’.92.
Mr. 0. IV. Ingersolls

DEAR SIR—Some years ago I
used your liquid rubber paints,
and they have given me such entire
satisfaction, that I want more and
therefore send you an order ina
few days. I would recommend
that all use your paints, as no bet-
ter can be bought.

Fraternally yours,
T. A. W. CAULEY.

(See adv. Ingersoll’s liquid rubber
paints. Ed.)

 

A French company is now
building a street car line in Tash-
kend, the capital of Russian Tur-
kistan, where, not very many years
ago, any white man who had visit-
ed the place would have lost his
head.—New Y ark Sun.

Our exports on cotton from this
country are the largest of any
staple. In spite of low prices,
cotton leads with $276,658,029,
against $231,429,890 for all bread-
stulfs, and $160,000,000 for all an-
imal products.-—Sl. Louis Globe-
Democrat.

 

A ~» -.-« ». x.».wimu««:\-;-ee»*-~mmMwv-'~a-4m:4:.»1!»la-A~».-aw.u\v.-~- - .. W...

.,,_o.-—.~..

.6.

.__.....-..~..,--¢.gi"" “5'.!u$AI>*.>-vx-«\sxILi~3,CL§l\‘ep<2\‘;:|“2~_5f1" .

 


—H-/

J. G. RAMRDELL, Cbn ......... __Traverse City

H. D. ILATT. . . . . . . . . . . _ _ . . . . _ _ . . . ..Ypsilanti

F  I{X‘.'_‘-l"Ei‘... ._... ....Maple Rtflllllf‘.
H. II. L‘Pl_""-SICR. . _____I-I: ."‘:.=?;i.’
\, H. H. HlNDS.._. - . .. .fltantrn'
1 7 . H. TAYLOR _ ......... ..Shelby
E0. B. HORTON _ . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . _ ..Fruit Ridge

APRIL 15,

 

THE GRANGE VISITOR.

“ THE Buvsizs’ Guiniz.”

Nearly a million

households use it

as a reference book.

A million purchasers learning how
to make four dollars do the work ‘of

five.

Sent only upon receipt of 15 cents

in stamps to pay the postage.

(550

pages, 30,000 quotations, weight two

pounds.)

MO I\"I'U U )1 ER Y

112 to r

“r'Al\’D & CU.,
i6 Michigan Avenue.

CiiicA(;o.

Eiitctit DIRECTORY

Oiflcers National Grange.

M .~i'rEa—~J. H. BRIGHAM. . . _ _ _ . ..I)<-lta. Ohio,’
( ’Its’R—IlIRAM HAWKINS_Hawkiiisville,Ala. 1
I iC'rUaim—MORTIMElt WHl'I‘El-IISAI) . . . _ _ _. I

161.!‘ Q. St.. N. \V. Wnsliitigton, D. (‘. .

br.i.w.\ni)~E. W. I)AVlS._
Ass‘ = S'ri=.wAit1i—O. E. HA
CEAPI. =i.~z—A.' J. ROSE...
TRnA.~:uit..ii.-F. M.
SECRETARY»-IOIIN ’I‘RIMBLE,V\'ashin;zton,l).(T.
GATE Kl£EPEB—A. E. . . “ j
Cxaas—l\lRS. .I. H. BRIGHAM Dulta Ohio‘

FI..uBA~l\lRS. J. B. B.ULEY.,(‘i)nelintta. Miss.l
LADY Ass"r S'rnw‘i>—MltS. N. B. I)()UGl.ASS.. ‘
Sherborn. Mass.
Executive Committee.

J. J. WOODMAN. _______ __Paw Paw. Micliigan
LEONARD RH()NE..Cnnt,er Hall. Pennsylvania
X. X. CHARTIERS ...Fredcricskburg, Virginia,
Committee on Woman’s {Work in the 
range. l

MRS. L. A. HAVVKIN'S .___.Hawkinsvillc, Ala. :
MR8. H. H. W()0I)MAN...Paw Paw, Micltigiuil
MRS. ELlZAB"I‘H RUSSELL,Vaucouver. Wash. ;

Oflcers Michigan State Grange.

Santa Rosa, (‘al. l
._I’znviir5t-, .\'(-li. t
Salado. Texas

  
  

 

l
MAs'ri:iz~THOS. MARS _______ _.Bc-rricn (‘enter
OVERHEER—M. T. (‘OLE   . ..P myra
LEO'l'URER—A. J. CROSBY. 31 ............. .Novi

S'rawARi)——A. P. GRAY....._.. _ Archie
Ass"i' STEW.-‘\RD—“'. E. STO(TKlNG.___ (‘helsen
CiiA'2i.AiN——JNO. E. PASSMORE ..... ..Flushiug
TaaAsUnns—E A. STRONG ..... .. _Vicksburg
Bircai:'rAsYvJ VIE BUELL . . _ . . . ,Marcellus .
GA'rii; Kizsri-:n—GEO. ' (‘.ARLISLE_ Kalkaskal
CEBEB—MRH. W. E. \\ .GHT...__ _ ildwator;
PoMoNA—l\‘RS W. C. tI‘UAI’.T. Fremont I
Fr.oaA——MItS. C. C. PO0RM.\N.. . tle (‘reek

L. A.Srrs:w'n—MltS. W. E. STOCKI (l._,Clic-lsea

Executive Committee.

  
 

    

  
   

nos. MARS. . Be ' (1 to
JENNIE BUELL, l‘ E"°*fi°'° i mitnarciiiiui

General Deputies.

  

   
  
  
  

E82: 3’:  v'v‘3...°“t'n.".;.'.‘r:_‘_‘:: "" " .‘i5‘.l§'."Ef.°.€ %§.2.'T~‘.£“«&‘.5_?_-'l.§‘§.€::";‘3?.Ea.“l‘5"..t"-EM
3. T.  ......... .. . Scll;oolcIi;aft
ason man._..  aw aw

Mary A. Mayo... ._... ........ ..Battle Creek  and In 95805 J3!1- 3» "-92
A L h Special Deputies-B F V West Michigan R’y
E: vs?'l‘A‘llt';:::::::::::::::::_::::i;.;...‘i$2£ c3333; Favoriteroute to the,,s.m,;I.me= reso-mt North-
Sis. E. D.Nokes. Church's Cor’s. Hillsdale(‘ounty em 1° 138"’

Samuel Bruce .............. . .Jones. Cass County 1., M_

J. D. M. Fisk.  ..Coldwater. Branch County Hartford. Lv ________________ _, 5 06

R. V. Clark.... -.Bucha.nan, Berrien County 1-{o113m]_ A1-___ ____ __ 9 25

E;-8“ §°"w"°"f-- NR‘:,',°§“"' ”,‘,“i"°3°“ C.°“”{’ Grand Haven 10 13
Jug; ,W“fisu;|.8_-_ or ranc , apeer Conn y Muskegon _____ H “I 10 45 l

.._... Eastport, Antrim County
Robert Alward .... .. Hudsopville. Ottawa (‘onnty
Wm. Clark .... __..Charlevoix. Charlsvoix County

Committee on Woman’s .Work in the
Grange.
Mrs. Mary A. Mayo ................ _.Battle (‘reek

Mrs. Mary Sherwood Hinds . ....... _.Stanton
Miss Mary C. Allis ....................... __Adrian

Revised List of Grange Supplies
Kept in the ofice of Sec’y of the

Michigan State Grange

And sent out post-paid on receipt of Cash Order,
o_ver the Seal_of a Subordinate Grange. and the
signature of its Master or Secretary.

Porcelain ballot marbles, per hundred

Secretary’s ledger.-.

Secretary’s record... . .

'I‘reasurer’s orders. bound, per ha red._ . _

8ecretary’s receipts for dues. per hundred._ .

Treas_urer’s receipts for dues. per hundred. _ _ 35

eaiplications for membership. per hundred.. 50
i

 
   

thdrawal cards. per dozen....__ ..._.____ 25
Dimits. in envelopes, per dozen ............ ._ 25
By-Laws of the State Grange. single copies.

10¢; per dozen ............... .: ........... __ 75
“ Glad Echoes." with music, single copies,
25c; per dozen ............................ _. 3 00

Grange Melodies, single copy. 40c; per dozen 4 00
Opening Song Card, 2c each; 75_c per 50: 100.. 1 35
Rituals, 7th edition (with combined degrees),

_‘ ea lrper dozen ...... ., ............... -. 2 75
Rituals, 5th degree. set of nine.

 

Rituals. J uveni_le, single copy.. ...... __ 15
Rituals. Juvenile. per set .................. __ 1 50
Notice to delinquent members. per 100., _. __ _ 40
American Manual of Parliamentary Law- _._ 50
Digest of Laws and Rulings _______________ __ 25
R0 1 books 15

sample package "" ‘ 'é616i>o‘§r'xi£fv'6 "lit?-a't’ ' ' i I If 18
Write for prices on gold pins badgers. working
tools, staff mountirigs, seals, ballot boxes and any
other grunge supplies.
ddrsss MISS JENNIE BUELL.
Sec'y Mich. State Grange.
MAiicaLLus. Mica.
GERMAN _._4
HORSE on
COW
POWDE R
Is of the highest value _to horses. cattle. hogs, and
poultry. It assists digestion and assumlation
and thus converts food into muscle, milk and fat
which otherwise would be wasted.

MORTIMER VVHITEHEAD Says: " Ger.
man Horse and Cow Powder pays many times its
cost in keeping all kinds of farm stock in good
health. I have used it for years on my farm, buy-
ing a barrel at a time.”

It is manufactured by Dr. L. Obsrholtzer’s Sons
& Co., Phcenixville, Pa.. and sold at
Wholesale Prices-—viz:

Barrels——20lbs in bulk. 7!/ac per pound

Boxes —601bs in bulk. 8c per pound
Boxes ——30lI)——5Ibs pack. 10c per pound

By ALBERT STEGEMAN. Allegan, Mich.
THOBN

TON BARNES. No. 241 North
Water St.. Philadelphia, Pa.

c i)<)wi:i.'_i>t-lm Yzin. N. Y. I

STEEE’S~

    

 

IMPIROI-‘.5

H00 Gll0lBl°El Glll°B.

Greatest Discovery Known for the
cure of

HOG CHOLERA, and 1
PIN WORMS IN HORSES.

HUNDREDS OF THEM.

Boswui.i_, Ind.. Oct. :3, 1890. .
Mr. G. G. i‘.teketee:—-Your Hog Cholera Cure, ol ‘
which I led two boxes to a yearling colt, l‘ .ght hun- J
dredsof pin worms and smaller red ones from her, 1
She is doing splendidly. We believe it to be :4 goon ;
medicine. WILLIS ROBISON. 
Never was known to fail: the only sure remedy for l
worms in Hogs, Horses.'Sheep, Dogsor l_-‘owls- 5
Every package warranted if used as per ‘dll'CCil0l'lS. ,
Price, 5oC. per package, 6oc. by mail, 3 packages
$1.54: by express, prepaid. If youndruggist ‘hes not
got it send direct to the proprietor, (115.0. (x.
STICK l«:'I‘EI'I, Grand Rapids, Mich.
I t.uAi.i.sNcs Au. OTHER Hoc. CHOLERA Rsiupias

‘fvirnd "is Colts and Sheep.

Melrllc. -S. 11.. N0. «.. moi.
Ms. STEKETEE: Dear Sir—1 send you $1.50 for
which send me three packages of your Hog Cho- i
lera Cure. 1 have used it on colts and sheep and :
am well pleased with your medicine.
Yours truly, A. D. BELL.

  
 
    

Grand Rapids, Ar ___________ __
Grand Rapids, Lv __________ __
Nsawaygq .................... ..
Big Rapids.. ________ __
Ludington __________________ _,
Manistee. via M. 6; N. E ..... _.
Traverse City. Ar. _ ____ .. _.
Elk Rapids. Ar ______________ ._

 

   

F323? 5%? E: 3‘é'£‘é‘.‘?-.35-$53‘?-.'K 3&5

‘Uh’-[VI-‘:5 ..,S85eaa:a:.ww -Inca N»-:5
?-aunt-eons-.m? t='...&r‘-...»8oo..c. ea awe?
3838535.“ 535E853?-38 "SE 85?

P. M.
Hartford, Lv ________________ _. 1 55
Benton Harbor, Ar ____ _- 2 25
St. Joseph ............. _. 3 30
New Bu alo_ ...... .. 3 15
Michigan Cit . _ ______ __ 8 30
Chicago, Ar .................. _. 5 25

P. M.

1 2 26 p. m. —— Has Free Chair Car to Grand
Rapiids, connecting with 5:17 P. it. Free Chair Car
to anistoe.

8 : 06 p. ni.—Wagner Buffet (far to G’d Rapids.

11:32 a. ni.—Free Chair Car to Chicago.

1 :55 p. m.—Wagner Buffet Car to Chicago.

Wagner Sleepiu g Cars on night trains to Chica-
go and Grand Rapids.

GEO. E HAVEN, Gen’l Pass’r Agt.

G RAN D RAPIDS and
Indiana Railroad
Dec. 13, ’91.—Central Standard Time.

   
 
  

   

  

   

GOING NORTH. No. 1 No. 3N0. 5 No 7
_ _ P.M.i A.1u. P.iu. A M.
Cincinnati. Lv ............. __l 8 10 8 50 ____ __
Richmond ............ ._ 2 20 10 55 11 35 ____ __
P. in. A. M.
Fort Wayne. Ar _______ .. 6 00 2 15 3 05 .... ..
Fort Wayne, Lv .... .. 2 35 3 '/.5 8 05
Kalamazoo. Ar. A. M. 6 05 7 00 11 50
Kalamazoo, Lv_. 3 45 6 25 7 20 12 10
Grand I-3pldS.Al' . 5 15 8 10 9 20 2 00
Grand Rapids, Lv_ - 7 05 10 30 ll 30 4 15
A. M. A. M. P. M.

Cadillac.., ........... -. 11 00 2 15 4 15 9 10
Traverse City ..................... _. 6 35 10 45
Petoskey ............. .. 5 45 8 25 1». in.
Mackinaw. Ar .............. -_ 7 00 9 45 ____ __

GOING SOUTH. No. 2 No. BN0. 4 No. 8

_ P. M. A. in. P. in. P. iii.
Mackinaw City. Lv_ . 7 20 7 45 2 00
Petoskey....._-..-_ 9 10 9 05 3 10
Traverse City__ ._.. _ 10 45 4 15
A. M. P. M.
Cadillac .............. -. 2 25 1 X5 8 45
Grand Rapids, Ar _____ .. 6 20 5 30 10 40
Grand Rapids, Lv ____ __ 7 00 6 00 ll 05
Kalamazoo. Ar ....... _. 8 50 8 00 12 3}
Kalamazoo, Lv ....... __ 8 55 8 05 .... _.
Fort Wayne. Ar _______ __ 12 40 11 50 A. M.
Fort Wayne. Lv ______ ,. 1 00 12 10 5 45
Richmond ____________ _. 4 20 3 40 9 15
Cincinnati. Ar ........ -_ 7 U0 6 55 ll 01
P. M. A. M. P. M.

 

Sleeifng cars for Petoskey and Mackinaw on
No. 3 from Grand Rapids.
Slieping cars, Grand Rapids to Chicago, on
o

Ntlleéeping cars, Grand Rapids to Cincinnati, on
o. .

Nos. 1. 4. 5 and 6 daily south of Grand Rapids.
All other trains daily except Sunda .
G P (15 TC'Ai;"'tL8C civgopd
E. BAKER. Age'nt:,'Ka1a'mazo6. mu am 5'

szimtnmucmeac

 Golliege Goliimn.

R A PE I-‘OR SH EEP.

Among the experiments to be

Itried at the Station this year is

one which will be of especial inter-
est to the sheep breeders of the
State. It is proposed to grow
rape with a view to tleterniiiic its
fcctliiig value for lambs in Michi-
gan. Field No. l5. containing
about 13 acres, will be devoted to
this use. At least 130 lambs will
be weighed and turned in upon
the field at the proper time (in
September) and will be allowedito
remain there as long as there is
gsufficient food for them, probably
until some time in November,
when they will be taken out, wcig,li-
ed and used for further experiment
in winter feeding. The station
has on hand about 300 pounds of
seed and will gladly furnish a liin-
ited amount of the seed to any per-
son or persons who may wish to
co-opemtc iii the 43Xpt‘1‘llI1t‘lll.

Rape has been grown in liiiglztiitl
for a long time. But little atten-
tion has ever been paid to it in
this country however. Prof.
Show of the Ontario College has
grown it successfully for several
years and is entliusiastio in his
praises of it as a crop for fattening
lambs. It has been growii to some
eXi.t*Ill) by Canadian farmers.

The crop resembles Swedish
turnips while growing, but unlike
the turnip it has no bulbous root,
but rather its roots ramify in all
directions through the soil and the
entire feeding value of the crop is
above ground. The roots extend-
ing as they do thi‘ou,t_>;h a large
amount of soil and even to the
subsoil have a corresponding ad-
vantage in getting hold of plant
food and in turn have an cxcelleiit
mechanical effect. upon the soil, and
when the crop is taken off‘ they
are left in the soil to give back
again a portion of the food which
they have taken. The amount of

seed required per acre varies‘

from 1 to 2 lbs according to kind
of soil, richness, etc. Time of sow-
ing about July 1st; manner, drills;
crop should be kept free from
weeds, and is usually ready to
feed off by the middle of Septem-
ber and one acre will i'ui'iiis71 feed
for from 10 to 15 lambs until into
November.

There are a few very impor-
tant precautions to be taken how-
ever. Lambs should be well
filled with some other food when
first; turned in upon the rape; and
if they are of extraordinary value
perhaps rape should not constitute
the entire ‘food. Lambs of ordi-
nary value have been fattened
however upon rape alone, without
having access even to drinking
water.

It is hoped that a considerable
number of farmers will join us in
carrying out this experiment in
different parts of the State to de-
termine Whether or not this is s.
profitable crop to raise. I

 

PROF. HARWOOD.

President Clute writes thus con-
cerning Prof. P. M. Harwood, the
new Professor of Agriculture, in
the Speculum for April:

Prof. Harwood comes of old

Massachusetts stock. He traces in .

direct line to John Harwood, 1630,

who is believed to have been a son '

of Henry Harwood, who came in
the fleet with Gov. VViuthrop. He
was born in Barre, Mass., in 1853.
His boyhood was spent on the
home farm. He went to the coun-
try school, then to the high school
in Barre, then to the Massachu-
setts Agricultural College, Where
he graduated in 1875. His father
died in 1876, and he then took the
old homestead and became a
breeder of fine stock, his specialty
beiiig Holstein-Friesian cattle, of
which he bred one of the best herds
to be found east or West.

He was chosen Lecturer of Barre
Grange in 1877, ’80, ’81 and ’82.
_He was Master of the same Grange
In ’83, ’84 and ’85. In 1886 and
’87 he was Lecturer of the Massa-
chusetts State Grange. In 1889
he was chosen a member of the
executive committee of the Massa-
chusetts State Grange, and over?
.8661‘ in l890_ and ’91. In 1887~—’8‘J
he was president of Barre Central
Cheese Company. He was a mem-
ber pf the Massachusetts Board of
Agriculture 18_89—’9l, during a part
of this time being :1, member of the
board of control of the Massachu_
setts Experiment ‘Station, and of

the examining committee of the
college. He was much in —'{leDJfill(l
for work in farmer's iiistitiitcs, lec-
turing widely over the State. In
1b".|l Mr. \\'. J. l*In_vc:~:, of .llz.vc1iiia,
()., secured Prof. Harwootl H,-4 mau-
a_;cr of his large dairy farm from
which work he was callwl tw our
colle_<.,r~~ in I)(’L‘I.'ll1l)Pl' last.

 

DI lt'l' I{0.\ US.

By this tcriii is iiicaiif {hos-*
roads which are foriiicd of the
natural soil found in the line of
the roadway. They are so com-
mon as to be almost our only roads
outside of town and city limits
and will for many years he used
largely in country districts, and
'especially on the lines of cross-
roads which connect thc main
lhighways. Dirt roads, at their
, best. are greatly inferior to Maca-
fdiiin and Telford roads in every
jcsseiitial of a good l]l_L{ll\VHy; in
.(l1l[‘Ell)llll_V, cost of iiiaiiitcimiicc.
‘tlraiiiage, tractive quzilitics, and, in
‘II18.llyl()L'tllZl0IlS, in point of «con-
omy also. But the dirt road is
‘here, and the public hand must l)t‘
dirccfctl to its trezitiuciit. The
first and most importaiit fliiiig
Iiecessmy for the iiiaiiitoiiziiicc of a
dirt road may be stated iii 21 siiiglc
wor(l~(l1'z1iiiagc. If is the one

tliiiit: that can neither be dis-'

pensed with nor iiegloctctl. Most
dirt is soluble, and easily displat-ctl
under the softeiiing iiiflueiicc of
rain, and this process is liastciietl
in the dirt road by the passing of
heavy wagons over the wet surface.
On every mile of roadway within
the United States tliore falls cncli
year an average of 27,000 tons of
‘water—ti licavy, limpitl fluid,
always directing itsclf to the nour-
est outlet. and seekiiig the lowest
level. ‘Voter is hard to confine
and easy to release, and yet,
through sheer iieglect of the sini-
plest principles of (lraiiinge, water

country roads.

is composed. If a heavy, viscous

‘drainage without the addition of a
center-draiii running midway be-
tween, and parallel with, the side-
ditches. The center-drain should
of course be filled with loose,
irregular boulders, cobblestones,
broken bricks or similar filling,
covering a line of tiles or fascines
at the bottom, and should be con-
nected with the side-ditches by
cross-drains carrying the water out-
ward from the center-drain at
proper intervals along the length
of the roadway. * * * Center-
drains, though often greatly needed

roads, are not in common use.
They add somewhat to the cost of
the roadway, but, in most cases,
considerably more to its value, and
should be employed in all situations
Where sand or gravel cannot be
had to relieve the heaviness and
water-holding properties of the
clay. If gravel, sand, or other por-
ous material can be conveniently
or cheaply obtained, the center and
cross-drains may often be dis-
pensed with by mixing the gravel
1 or sand in plentiful quantities with
‘the clay roadway, so as to insure as
nearly as possible a porous and
self-draining surface-layer, which
should not be less than ten inches
in depth, and should be laid on the
rounded or sloped subsoil so as to
insure easy drainage into the side-
ditches.

In locations where the prevail-
ing material is of a loose, sandy
nature, the difliculties of drainage
are more easily overcome, and side-
ditches, if found necessary at all,
may be made of moderate depth
and left open, without incurring
the risks and dangers of travel
that prevail where the deeper open
ditches are used for draining
heavier soils. But, on the other
hand, the light and shifting nat-
ure of sandy road-material destroys
its value as a surface layer for an
earth roadway, and its deficiency
in this respect is most easily rem-
edied by the addition of a stronger
Eand more tenacious substance,
such as stiff clay. VVhen mixed
with sand in proper proportions
(which in each case depend upon
the nature of the -clay and sand
used, and which can be best deter-
mined by experiment) this com-
position affords many advantages
which make it superior to a. road-

7

way composed of either sand or
clay when iisetl alone. The sand
serves to qtiickeii the (ll'1llll11f_{r’ and
to (lré.s‘iI‘()y the sticky. ti-um-ioiis
qiizilities of the clay, whilc llit- clay
supplies the quality of coiiv-sioii in
the substance of the l‘('?‘.(i-Slll‘fflC9,
coiintcrat-ting the Slllf“H\.;'(1ll1lllll€‘S
of the SHIl(l, and vi:al.i:i_; the road-
way more easily pa .-:».-d and rolled,
f1I1'l more llli’.-l_\' to retain its prop-
el‘ _:i‘«'1d6= and slopc. ~——I.~'rm('. l>‘. Poi-
fur [I1 ‘/10 (‘mtlur3/ for April.

 

A lH'i.\"I'Rl‘("I'lVI'i Bl'iI'iTLE.

This family of bectles, the Cap-
ricorn bectlcs. so called license of
their lon_«.; horn—like fllliellllil‘ or
feelcrs. are ll1tt‘l'L’Sllllg, not only
because of thcir many peculiar
structural cliamt-tei'istics, but be-
causc, in their larval or grub state,
thcy do much 1lfl.Il1H.f_{(‘ to our forest
and sliado trees, and to mziiiy gar-
den and lawii Sll1‘lll)S.

The §_:‘I'11l)S or boi'cr.~'. ditfcr as
iiiucli from each other in habits as
do the iiizitiirc iiisccts iii woi'kiii_<_{s
and color. Sonic arc found boring
in tlw truiiks of fi‘oc.s'. otlicrs in the
limbs. Sonic (l(‘\‘()lll’ tho wood,
sonic the pith, whilc otlit-its‘ live in
thc stcins or roots of ll(‘I'l):1('(‘UllS
pliiiits,

Thc flI'.~‘.tS(’gII1I‘l1l- of the thorax
is dark in color, of ii horny consist-
ency mid lll thc spriii_t.: thc iiiiifure
fcmiilc deposits l1P1‘ (-ggs in holes
and chinks in the bark of the Vlmit
upon wliicli thc grub is to fectl.
After a short tllllt‘ the c_:;_t_:s hatch
and long, whitish fleshy 5_;i'ul)s ap-
pear, v:ii'yiii;.: in size, at-cortliiig to

‘ thcspecies. Tllc l1(‘ll(l is i1111cl1smnl-

ler than the first st-gniciit of the
thorax, is dark in color and armed
with sliort powerful Jaws by iiiezius

,of which it bores its way into the
- wood.

for the improvement of country

One of the most destructivc

:spccies of this family, is the apple

. . 3 sa eda.
, is the most active destroyer of our; P

Although prcfcrring the apple,

I . 1.117 f t} (1 . ’ ‘ fithis insect is also found on the

R dtprr:8:i(‘;e5Sh%1;11(f%l_S1;ag31E::§1gI_ ; pear, quince and mountain ash. In

I the material of which aw 1_0_u1vm“y;.li1iie the fcimile deposits hcr eggs
/ ' K

in some convenient place on the

. . 1 ‘ ' ‘  tl *
Clay predommatesa the Ordmmy liiaiiclies and from the so to young

side-ditches should be of good‘
depth, and will even then, in many

. . . 3ties often 'ust under the bark.
«ases. ‘or 112:.-‘lcouafo ‘or tlioroucrli‘ ’ J

grubs hatch, boring at once into
theinterior, iiiaking slizillow cavi-

und soon the bark begins to wither
and crack. In the case of young
trees these discolored spots may be
easily detected and the larvae de-
stroyed. As winter approaches the
larva: dig deeper and remain until
the next season; this is again re-
peated when the third season the
mature insect appears.

As preventive measures, alkaline
washes are recommended. Soft
soap mixed to the consistency of
paint with a strong solution of
washing soda and applied on the
trunk and lower branches is good.

The American Currant Borer is
another very troublesome member
of this family. In this case the
cutting out and burning of the
affected stalks is most effectual.

'l‘1~.~..-A U ".17 mainnin flu. I.v-41'. wznsznva
.5. .. . ._, ....-...... ...-. . .... .._.... _.

 

Our farmers are not untutored,
irresponsible, visionary fanatics
that their enemies would like to
make the world believe. On the
other hand, they are liberal in
their views, are always open to
conviction, conservative and law-
abiding.—Farmers’ Commercial
A (lciser.

If You \Vaiit to Go

to any point in Michigan, or ‘from any-
wherein Michigan touny point in the
East, South or West, you will almost
invariably find the direct route to be
the Michigan Central, whose numerous
branch lines traverse the State in every
direction, and whose great main line is
“The Niagara Falls Route,” between
Chicago and Detroit, and New York,
Boston and the East.

No railroad runs finer or faster trains,
is more solidly constructed and vigilautly
operated, so that its time schedules can
be depended upon, and a remarkable
immunity from serious accident is
secured. .

No other road runs directly by and in
full View of Niagara Falls. when (at Falls
View) its day trains stop five minutes to
give passengers the most comprehensive
view of the Falls and River that is
afforded from any single point.

No other road from the East runs
directly by and in full view of the colos-
sal buildings of the World’s Columbian
Exposition, and enters Chicago along
the beautiful lake front to its depot,
within a few minutes walk or ride
of the principal hotels and business
houses of the World's Fair City.

No other road has a finer or more com-
plete through car system, running to all
points upon its own line and to points
beyond——New York, Boston, Cincinnati,
St. Louis. Duluth, San Francisco.

For any special information desired,
address J osnrn S. HALL, Michigan Pas-
senger Agent, Jackson, Mich. (tf)

I

 in’-'m .....

 


 . "

- ~ w.-.o.- ..»m.a..-..-......., . . ,

.i
5
l
l
i

‘ ;..j; ;....;,....<_._  .j.

 

THE GRANGE VISITOR.

SCHOOLS.

Continued from Page 5.

\Ve have our University forbroad- I

ening our education or to prepare
us for any professional pursuit;
our Normal for the preparation of
teachers and our Mining School.

When a pupil enters the public
school a teacher has no means of
knowing what particular instruc-
tion he should receive for his
occupation; and for this reason
these seems to be the strongest
reasons for directing public in-
struction towards that broad and
general development of the indi-
vidual that makes the true man,
and thus prepares him to enter
upon any pursuit to which his in-
telligence may fit him and inclina-
tions direct him.

What seems to me the most im-
portant era in a person’s life is the
training received in early child-
hood.

O the necessity of laying a good
foundation both physically and
mentally in the spring time of life!
Did you ever realize the great re-
sponsibility that rests on your
shoulders for the moral and bodily
development of your child? And
then as the little tots troop off to
school, their home you might say,
the moulding room in which
their destinies are shaped. did you
stop to think of the great respons-
ibility that rests on the teacher who

is supposed to lead them along the :

paths of knowledge and virtue?

I have heard the remark and you 
have no doubt, the same very often, I
“ Oh well, my children are all small T

and it won’t need any one that
knows much to teach them.” I

have stated before the necessity of‘
laying a good foundation, and whoi

but a master mason can do it?

We quite often hear the remark,
“ “fell, I have not any children
going to school, so it makes no dif-
ference to me whether school keeps
or not,” as if he did not care for
his neighbors welfare and the good
of society, that the rising genera-
tion should be properly trained to
fit him to take his place in the
ranks of noble American citizen-
ship! The early years of a man’s
life certainly have a great influence

* in moulding his character. As the _ _ , _
pilot with the slight turning of the l the benefits arlslllg from It ‘"33
wheel changes the course of the

heavily laden ship, so events ap-
parently insignificant in themsel-
ves acting upon the impressible
nature of a child may effect his eii-
tire destiny. It is said of Haydn
that the sweet singing of his mother
beside his cradle, called forth that
training for music which disting-
uished him in after live.

Theimpression left on the youth-
ful mind of Garfield by his noble
mother, never showed itself insucli
a striking manner as the day of his
inauguration as President of this
great Republic, when, amid the
iiuzzas and cheers that greeted him,
he stepped back on the platform
and kissed that aged mother.

And now parents what are you
doing towards laying a proper
foundation for your child’s future
happiness? What incentives are
you placing before him? Do you
remember when you were a child?
Do you answer the thousand and
one questions that he asks? Do
you visit this home of his occasion-
ally? If you do not, what do you
know about the true state of your
child’s welfare?

What are you doing towards
encouraging your boys and girls
to read?

Do you occasionally or quite
often ask them what they have
read during the week?

How many times we hear the
expression that “he is a Repub-
lican” or a “Democrat” just because
his father was one. This is not
the right view of things. The
rising generation should be taught
to look at the affairs of his
country from a broad sense and
not from a narrow, contracted
groove. Your homes should be
supplied with good reading n1at-
ters, and among your list of books
I would suggest such books as
“ Wonderland,” “ W'ater Babies,”
and many others I might mention
for the little folks, “ Pilgrim’s
Progress,” “ Uncle Tom’s Cabin,”
“ Tom Brown at Rugby,” “ Black
Beauty,” “Lady of the Lake,”
“History of England,” “ Boys of
’76” and Longfellow’s works.

Some one says, “I can’t afford
these books, it’s enough to buy
their school books.” W611. Perhaps
it is so in your case; we believe
you are honest in what you say.

‘be distributed equally over the

‘But have you not seen men who,
fin a short time drank enough to‘
‘buy one of the best of these books
or wasted his money and time so
that he might be able to draw
smoke through his month? Of
course you have; you know it to
be a fact.

AIM now a word in regard to
the needs of our schools. Every
intelligent farmer knows without
me saying much about it, that
along with his best systematic de-
.'vices and plans, that he must have‘
:the necessary implements to work’
iwith. _

And so it is of great importance ;
that every school should be well
equipped. A school should be
furnished with maps, a globe, un-
abridged dictionary and a physi-
ological chart. This last named
article is of great use in making
the lessons on hygiene and tem-
perance very plain.

The standard of education in
our common schools is a great deal
higher than it was a few years ago,
and it is of the utmost importance
that these articles be furnished.

There has been considerable dis-
cussion this last few years in re»
gard to the grading of the district;
schools. It seems to be the opin-fl
ion, the unanimous opinion of;
the teiicliers’ associations through- Q
unit the State that it would be?
lof great benefit to our system.
One good idea about it is that;
one pupil coming from another}
district would have no difficulty in :
f being classified. =

Another subject of remark is the 5
text-book question. \Vhat we need .‘
throughout our state are uniform:
text-books. There is no reason;
‘ why we should not. The remark is }
often made that to accept only one 
‘series of readers would be to grant}
.a monopoly to some firm. I do.
‘not see how such would be if the?
l-government had made specific ar-i
jradgements with them. Here is,
‘an example of the present system:
{A man has a family of five or SIX
V. children going to school. He moves .
jfroin this county to some other
lpart of the state where the text-
lbooks are entirely different. See
[the expense he has to undergo be-
lcause we have not uniformity in
‘our text-books. Then there is the
litownship unit system. Some of

All children in a township are
on equal footing.
The cost of maintaining would

township.

Efficient teachers would be kept
in the same schools.

All the schools would be uni-
formly classified and graded.

Schoolhouse sites would be more
salisfactorily located, and the quar-
rels over district boundaries would
be abolished.

The length of school would be
uniform throughout the township.

The school laws would be better
enforced, and more intelligently
enforced.

Another move in the right direc-
tion is the University Extension
movement.

Professors from our University
visit different towns and cities and
deliver a series of lectures which
have been delivered before the stu-
dents in the University. The
object, as I understand it, is to
enable young men to prepare
themselves for some profession who
have not the means of attending
school.

And now my time is up and I
have not said anything in regard
to future schools.

I do not believe we can conceive
the improvements that will be made
in our schools before the close of
this century, and for the present
I can only say with the poet:

The common school. 0 let its light
Shine through our country’s story!

Here lies her wealth. her strength, her light,-
Here lies her future glory!

F. J. ERWIN.

 

John Gilmer Speed, in Hci1‘per’s
l/Vec/(lg, estimates the weekly
‘profit of a small daily paper,
printed in a certain town of 6,000
inhabitants, to be $88.50. This
must, however, be an extreme case,
and one in which the whole busi-
ness is conducted on an absolutely
cash basis, as no allowance seems
to have been made for bad debts.

The Talmud is a collection of
the ancient Jewish unwritten or
oral laws and traditions. It is
composed in prose and poetry and
the period‘ of the rabbis quoted
covers six centuries before 220
B. C.

THE PURE FOOD BILL.

WAsniiva'roN, D. C.. April .0, ’92.
Editor VISITOR:

No people has in the past beeni
in their effort or‘

more earnest
more prompt in responding to my
appeals in behalf of action to se-
cure national legislation to prevent

food and drug adulteration than‘
But being sit-‘
uated so far from Washington, or,~

those in Michigan.

more probably, thinking the “l\Iem-
orials of the National Grange” were

all that were necessary (just as
ithey should have been) they have

failed to return me the petitions
that I have sent out for signature,
and the result is indifference on
the part of some who should (and

under other conditions would) take I

an active interest in this matter.
The only question for the people

of your State, and all the other:

states to decide is, do they wish to
prevent food and drug adultera-
tion? If so,they should act. There
is no time to lose.

Senate Bill No. 1, known as the
Paddock Bill, is about as good a
measure as will pass the courts and
Congress; it has passed the Senate
and is on the House calendar with
a favorable report from the House
committee on agriculture; shall it
be allowed to die on the calendar
——that is the question?

Doubtless some of your people
consider me a persistent craiik,*‘
probably I am one, but having at 4
the invitation of the secretary offi
the National Grange, Brotherl
Trinible, and by direction of the}
State Grange of Virginia, started:
out to secure pure food legislation, 3
I can only say I am not made of,‘
the material that stops before I am 1‘
done. \Vhat I (lcsirc to say to the L
people of Michigan and to the peo- l
ple of the country is simply this:l
If they wish pure food and pure
drugs they must be up and doing,
and not procrastinate. Official
investigation shows that it costs
$1.60 to feed each person in this
country every week, or over 5,400
millions a year; that of this sum at
least two per cent is adulterated
injuriously, poisonously, or that
food products to the amount of
108 millions are adulterated with
poisons every year. A nice subject
for contvempkticmto the man who,
buys what he eats! This is the‘
criminal part of the matter; the
fraudulent part, where your money
is taken for one article and you are
given another, or part of another,
is quite a different subject and‘
runs up to at least fifteen per cent
or 700 millions every year. It is
easier to write figures than to ap-
preciate their real meaning when
they run up into the hundred
millions.

What the people wish to know
is that they are sold a different’
article from that for which they ask,
and pay their money and in many
cases the article they buy is in-
jurious and often poisonous.

State laws cannot be enforced
unless we ave a National law.
Congress alone can give us a Na-
tional law and we need every hon-
est man who produces food and
every honest manipulator of food
products to write to Congress at
once and demand that the Pure
Food Bill becomes law.

The Senate has performed its
duty and passed the bill. The
sub-committee of the House Com-
mittee on Agriculture (headed by
the way by a Michigan Represent-
ative, Mr. Youmans) has done its
duty and unanimously reported
the bill—the House committee in
full session has done its duty, and
reported the bill, and Chairma-i
Hatch of the committee has done
his duty and made his report and
placed the bill on the House

Calendar, and one might think the
bill was sailing in smooth waters—
but a cloud no bigger than a man’s

hand rises, out of which a storm.

may grow; the men who thrive by ,
fraudulent and criminal adultera-
tion are putting in their oar (oth-
erwise money) and the great daily
papers that defend the farmers ( ? )
and the Constitution (where it
suits them) are pouring grape and
canister into this measure—a meas-
ure demanded by the Grange to
protect the hearth, the pockets,
and the morals of all the people;
therefore Mr. Editor I write for
your aid—I write for the best
ability you command, and for the
united support of the Patrons of
Michigan and every honest man in
your State, and I simply ask them
to write a few postal cards and to
induce their friends to do the same

thing to, let, Col.’ Hatch, Chairman

  

APRIL 15, 1892..

l RAPE#V

LARGEST STOCIUFINEST DuALI1'Y!RELIAsiE!GnsArssr INDUCEMENTS.

=EAm.v—omo=-

IO DAY! KARL!!! THAI

s'-"r‘3«‘?s"fi’- '.'.‘é+‘.5I-

Iltlnlon Yum IAIIII

Committee on Agriculture of the
‘House; 2d, Hon. Chas. F. Crisp,
Band ask that the Bill be con-
.sidered; 3d, to their own Congress-
iman, asking that he vote for the
ibill and see Col. Hatch and Mr.
iCrisp.

_. There is no time to lose~no
;time to waste, that is, if you wish
ltliis bill to become law.

‘ Standing guard, as it were, it
.‘becomes my duty to fire the warn-
iing shot at the approach of the
‘enemy and to arouse the army of
‘honest people throughout the
country, at the approach of a des-
1 picable, insiduous, rascally foe who
Iis armed with the means secured
by downright robbery to defeat
our just demand, and is using it
lrecklessly to still further rob and
it-heat the people of our land. Let
lthe farmers of America who have

fever performed their duty to tlu-iri

l

{and power and crush out the fiend 3

of adulteration that is sapping the 
honesty and health of our people?
ALEX. J. \\'i;i>i)i-‘.i:i:i'i:.\’,

Char. Leg. (‘om.., Va. Stole (:‘mn.g»v. ,
THE (‘.\t"l‘l. l

Why they Have Spines and Other Re-

pellant llevices.

The reason for this bellicose dis-
position on the part of the cactuses
is a tolerably easy one to guess,
Fodder is rare in the desert. The
starving herbivores that find them-
selves from time to time belated on
the confines of such thirsty regions
would seize with avidity upon any
succulent plant which offered them
food and drink at once in their last
extremity. Fancy the joy with
which a lost caravan. dying of
hunger and thirst in the byways
of Sahara, would hail a great bed
of melons, cucumbers, and lettuce!
Needless to say, however, under
such circumstances, melon, cucum-
ber, anl lettuce would soon be
exterminate-d; they would be
promptly eaten up at discretion
without leaving a descendent to
represent them in the second gen-

?! I AM R A
nl old and new
varieties. Extra
Quali:y.Wn.rran-
ted vine. Lowest
nun. In&roduu-

q an of the
E A TON

use can sauni. rnurrs. New nu.-mu-. cm“. Free. '1'. s. HUBBARD co., FBEDONIA. zu.

:conntry arise in their integrityl

eration. In the ceaseless war
between herbivore and plant which
is waged every day, and all day
long the whole world over with far l
greater persistence than the war
between carnivore an(l prey, only
those species of plant can survive
in such exposed situations which
happen to develop spines, thorns,
or prickles as a means of defense
against the mouths of hungry and
desperate assailants.

Nor is this so difficult a bit of
evolution as it looks at first sight.
Almost all plants are more or less
covered with hairs, and it needs
but a slight thickening at the base,
a slight Woody deposit at the point,
to turn them forthwith into the
stout prickles of the rose or the
bramble. Most leaves are more or
less pointed at the end or at the
summits of the lobes, and it needs
but a slight intensification of this
pointed tendency to produce forth-
with the sharp defensive foliage of
gorse, thistles, and holly. Often
one can see all the intermediate
stages still surviving under one’s
very eyes. The thistles themselves,
for example, vary from soft and
unarmed species which haunt out-
of-tlie-way spots beyond the reach
of browsing herbivores, to such
trebly-mailed types as that enemy
of the agricultural interest, the
creeping thistle, in which the
leaves continue themselves as
prickly wings down every side of
the stem, so that the whole plant
is amply clad from head to foot in
a defensive coat of fierce and
bristling spearheads. There is a
common little English meadow
weed—the restharrow—which in
rich and uncropped fields produces
no defensive armor of any sort;
but on the much-browsed-over
commons and in similar exposed
spots, where only gorse and black-
thorn stand a chance for their lives
against the cows and donkeys, it
has developed a protected variety
in which some of the branches
grow abortive, and end abrubtly in
stout spines like a hawthorn’s.—

Grant Allen in Longman’s Mag-
azine.

u‘:""‘:'.’a‘.’a'fEy"‘a‘...‘2»’. u'.".'n N IA C|ARA'3'WURDEN'?'E/«\TU NFM UYEK X [..
ANDAl.LVARi[l’KS,DLD AND urw, mo SMALI-FRUXTS wamruaa Tnuz.
Nzw ILLUSTRATED oescmrnvz CATALOGUE

F E
--= c-5-cuancs co-sunrimn.ifilY- E

Plum 
1 ll, WANTED

In every Gran e in the United States and Canada
Send for irculars and Full Particulars.
An active member in every Lodge of F. & A. M.,
I. 0.0. F.. K. of P.. I. U. R. M., K. G. E.
L1’. 0. A. M.. B. A.. K. of H., A. O. U. W.
l\. 0.  M.. (i. A. R. Liberal inducements.
Exclusive territory now assigned. Only
members of the said Orders employed.
Address,
FRATERNITY FINE ART O0.
_ I’. 0. Box I372, Boston. Mass.
Please mention this paper when you write.

“ll3lllD1il-

 

lilieuinatisni, Si-rofulzi. Eczcnia
and lullannnation of the Eyes
cured. A«l¢li'ess.

DR. W. H. ROSS,

(lraml ltapiils, Mich.

AGENTS wmrrsni

 Profit. Mom-_v 4-mm-u l'IlHY in male or
fvm:il.- :1-_v:-m._ \\’rin- Oregon Ill-
dlan llledlclne Co.t‘orr_y'.I’a. llenuu pap-»

) ‘ V V ‘ l ‘ ) )
hltlxfr HAS] lll*.hhY.

Again we offer large. finely rooted plants

of this magnificent Black (‘air at $I.Ii(l per
100._3{) cts. dozen. Last season, without special
fertilization, our l)e.nrim,' bushes iivenuzed 100
bushels to the acre. If you do not Hl]C(‘9eil with
others, try us for this variety. Order early. We
send out only the very best of plants and always

give satisfaction.
E. H. DRESSER,

Juneisvll le, ill ich.

Personally selected from such famous flocks
as T. B. Minton‘s and J. Bowen-Jones.

CHOICE YEARLING RAMS

For best flocks and

FOUNDATION FLOCK EWES

Equal to the best in England, a specialty.

THE WILLOVS, nw aw, lIlCHlGlN.
FARMERSi%§.ii;ii’%fii'ii€li§

Cliisfrnted
Catalogue

 
 
 
 

 

3 TON $35.ot1:oruizesprop«rruon-myiaun
ON TRIM.'I"RE|E|'|T PAID-WARRAHTEII
080000 & THOMPSON, Binghamton. II. I

‘ FOR A

We offer a prize of 8100 for the largest potato
of the Challen a variety. grown from our .
This new a ing originated in 1888 and has
proved to be the best in quality. largest in size
and most prolific in yield of any potato in present
cultivation. For only 25ct.~i. we will send 20

good strong eyes of this choice variety, and our
special catalogue of Seed Potatoes.

LAKE SIDE SEED COMPANY,
Marietta. Onandago Co.. N. Y.

7 5 fiiifi-:”f‘i'.’l’:3i-'il:°"'l‘;°if!.i.°i‘li.ti?i:T‘i‘iii'é'

l-latch chickens by Steam.

LVIPREQ, EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR

Jisrifi? _i1l do it. Thousands in successfuivo1?_oer-
é- ’ _ T lation. Sim]:/r, I'erj/'1-rlaiul /_/-Hr;/uoi.1n_q_
i 7' '- Lowest,-pi-iced first-class Hatchet made.
Lu‘ . l Guaranteed to hatch a larger percentage

" ' " of fertile eggs at less cost than any other,
‘and 5c. for mus. Catalog. GLO. 1-.suui.,¢¢uine_y,JiL

 
  

Careful observation and compar-
isons made by scientific Americans
prove that the hottest region on
earth is on the southwestern coast
of Persia, where that country
borders the gulf of the same name.
The thermometer never falls be-
low 100° at night, and frequently
runs up to 128° in the afternoon.
-——.P'l‘ll‘Sb1l7'_q Dispatch.

Holyoke, Massachusetts, manu-
factures one-half of the paper
used in the United States.

 

Woonsocket has the most exten-
sive woolen mills in the country.

 

Troy, New York, is noted for
laundries.

.}

300 llll’0llTED Sllll0l’SlllllESi

_J-

3
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