“ 3..Ww- «,4 “THE FA RM E R I S OF MORE’ (,.‘().\~'S]L'Q UE.\'C'E VOL. mu. N0. (5. iiiii.iii?s1Nc, in; N, MARCH is, 00103092..’ Lt\.rz~.i>' 3'‘ _-..J1 1.lI1’R() l'E1,)." Wi10i.i: N0. 414. Tlll-Ii" DON'T DO IT. Fuii-:.\i- I-Znirori: I think we need a chalige of operations in roadinaking, but I am not in fax or of a tax to raise inonev to build grand roads. It would be follv. for anyone to expect us in this thinly settled part of .‘\lichig:in, with so mziny farms mort- gaged. to tr_\ to compete with old countries or even with the southern part of Miclii- = gnu. And again. we want a better title to the land for our roads. Some stingy men plow up two-thirds of the ground that they are compelled to give for the public high“ ay, spoiling it for pub- lic travel and raise a crop on it, and if any man or beast trample on that crop, our courts of injustice will allow the selfish man dainagc on the land that he has been trespassing on. \\'e also want pathmasters elected by ballot,jnst as any other township oflicer.‘ As it is now, any one can nomin- ate a man regardless of his ability and the whole township will elect him. If all of the work that is taxed for roads was properly applied, and it can be if each district was allowed to select and elect its own pathmaster, and could punish every pathmaster who violated his oath, we could soon have our roads graded up and leveled in good shape. Idon’t know of any dis- trict that has not one man in it who has judgment enough to manage road work. I would be in favor of a law to tax every man who buys a wagon with less than 3 inch tire one extra day’s work on the road, allowing those that are not able to buy to use such as they have, and credit each per- son with one day’s work who will buy a 4 inch tire wagon. With work properly applied and broad tires on the wagons the roads would soon be smooth and hard, and a team could haul 75 to ioo bushels of wheat as easily as 30 to 40 on our present roads wz't}iau_t any extra tax. If any person prefers paying the money allow him to pay it to his pathmaster the same using it for the best interest of his 5. _ _,g____ g _ , af" - -I;/_\-.v J In. 11141 ‘la, wélere I used to lave, tiiey had xiii; same system for ‘making roads as we have, only each district elected its own patlmiastcr by ballot, and they got their roads in pretty good shape, but some of the “ big heads" wanted a change and have a township overseer——and they got him—but he did not fill their expectations and there was complaining, as there is now. A. J. OLNEY. Dash. HILLSDALE POMOHA. The March session of Pomona was held in the G. A. R. hall in the city of Hillsdale. The forenoon was devoted to the usual routine business. Reports from subor- dinate grangea were favorable as far as heard from. The afternoon was given to the worthy lecturer. The chief discussion was on our "Roads.” Bro. Smith: “The faultof our _ . road construction is in the incompenency of our commissioners and pathmasters. There ought to be a system of examina- tion as to their qualification as there is for the examination of teachers for our public schools. Our township rogd sys- tem is the best that we can have. Bro. Freeman: “ The study of the day seems to be how to tax us farmers more. I am opposed to a money tax.” Bro. Evins: “All that is needed to have good roads is to do as the law directs and instructions are on every warrant. If we hired our road work done we would have '00 work two days to pay for one. Our roads are improving every year.” ' Bro. Perrin: “VVe can have a money tax now if we want it by so voting at town meetings. We can get: the best results from interested labor, and every map is mostinterested by his own farm. ’].hey ay 8. money tax in Ohio and have no better roads than we have here. Our present system is good enough-” ' Bro. E. Dresser: “Farmers have a perfect right to drive_t.h_rough mud holes if they want to, and it. is nobod_y’s bus- iness. I can’t'.see why 3100 paid hired help would go any further than it would if we did the work ourselves, §1,000 was paid in the village of Jonesvilie for the improvement of less than forty rods of 1 ad, and it is little if any better now tuan it was before.” . Sister Hunker: "I don’t want our taxes increased by any new law._ Our pg-agent gyatgin is good enough if on- forogd, Elect good pathmasters. If farmers want the law changed, and you know what you want. t9_1l It and lJ3V9 Iomothing different. With all our ap- liances for making good roads, if we on’t have them somebody is to blame- Don’t send any more legislators to make laws that can’t be enforced; and if I hire 3 man to chop wood I don’t want him to h’ .” ‘°Bli'.o.mSlt.rait: "We don’t'. deny that good roads would increase the value of our farms, and if I was a_ure that we would have better roads with a mono? tax I would be in favor of it. We should have the war to vote ZIPS“? 3PP1'°P1'1' ntions. in present law is good enough if enforced, but if a good pathmaator in lelected who will enforce the law, he will '; not be elected again." I Bro. H. H. Dresser: “We change our 3 circumstances too often. If we could get ; competent pathniasters our present sys- § tern would be good enough. but we cun’t. Sometimes a patliinaster will destroy a ggood road so it won't be as good again 3 for two or three years." ’ Bro. Freeman: "Put $1,000 in the Iliands of one man, and his business Will be to look out for his dollars and not our interest." R F.SOLL7'I‘l0.V. Bro. Strait: _“Resolved, That. Hills- dale Pomona Grange is opposed to a money tax and the proposed law as we understand it.” Carried with but one negative. Recitation by Miss Mary Carter. Good. GENERAL DISCUSSION. Vi/orthy Lecturer: “I would like to know if any Grange or individual has taken up the reading course.” Bro. Haughy: “Acme is preparing to dolso as a grunge and also some individ- ua :3.” Sister Hutchins: “ I think it better not to push the matter now just. as the busy season is coming on, but later on when the farmer has more leisure.” Bro. Freeman: “ The grunge is too conservative and afraid to take any rad- lC8.l position that will benefit the farmer. The tendency with the farmer is down, down, _ down, with their hard earnings going into the hands of the rich, and the outlook is discouraging.” “Bro. Dresser: “There are less mort- gaged farms today than there have been for years, and the tendency is up, up, up, and there_ is no organization that has as great. an influence with our legislature as the grange. Whenever there is any bill up that directly concerns the farmer, the first_ question that is always asked is, what does the grunge think about it? And if__tbs- orange 033?)" >09 it, it don’t ziarrc ”-vi.-_; _, . .,,_ .,, bear the Brother out in his statement; farming is growing less remunerative and mortgages increasing, and the wealth going into the hands of great corpora- tions. I would refer you to an article in the last. VISITOR by S. B. McCracken.” Bro. Strait: “The grunge is really stronger today than it ever was, and has greater influence. The Brother has the blues. Come with us, Brother, and we will do you good." Bro. Haughey: “ The grunge is nota political organization, and that. is the reason it stands today; other organiza- tions that have taken up politics have come to naught, and it is the inevitable result. Nine times out of ten the farmer who gets a mortgage on his farm is him- selfto blame. It is the result of extrav- agance or indolence or running after some little pop gun of an office. And farmers are inclined to be jumping on to every new scheme to make money and to be taken in. And this creainery swindle in one one of them. Look out for it-. The grange is old, reliable, and the grandest. organization on earth, and will wear the crown.” Bro. E. Dresser: “ I think some action should be taken in reference to the in- creased mill tax for State University appropriation.” Briefly discussed, and it. was - Resolved, That. we are opposed to the proposed. increased mill tax for State University appropriation. Carried. On invitation our April meeting will be held with Lickley Grange at Bro. Phillips’ on the first Thursday of April, and our June meeting with Acme on the first Thursday of J une. VVM. KIRBY. KALKASK A POMONA Was held in the village of Kalkaska with Kalkaska Grange, whose membership is now thirty-six enrolled with twelve names balloted for. New names coming in at each meeting. The grange was organized last Novem- ber with ninetcen charter members. Our Pomona Grange has passed its first birthday. All of our meetings have been very pleasant indeed and profitable; the Patrons have responded to the call of the lecturer nobly. The report. of the Pomona delegate (Sister Carlisle) to the State Grange was a'most excellent production; also Sister Taylor’s reading and report of “ Woman's Work in the Grange." Bro. A. E. Palmer-’s address on the ‘f Management and cure of cows for_dairy purposes,” and the “Testing of milk in the dairy” was very instructive. So practical and plain was his talk that some exclaimed “That was worth hundred dollars to any man who has the care of cows;" other hundreds of dollars if the Patrons will follow his advice. Sister Campbell's “Sketch of Colum- bus’ Wife” was a paper of research an answered the oft repeated question. "Who was Columbus’ wife.” The meeting was enlivened with songs by Sisters Palmer. Wilcox, Taylor an ' ‘ Tr ". E 1?-O-.' Bro. Freeman: ‘—‘S:at;:.t.:cs do not. 3Vun Buren; Sister! ; Much valuable ma. 5 want of time. j The hall was i’ , with flowers. Se " ‘ington’s birthda stars and stripes the lady oflicers"-‘fonts and over the organ. On the c py above was ex- tended tlie word ‘ :é.shington" in large evergreen letters Our next meetir 3 at the Grange liiE.liF_ was left over for tifully decorated 'll be held in May ilearwater. A. BARNARD, Lecturer. No. 18, was held After the usual dinner the meet‘ at half-past two. lie; the day was one hundred Pat present. _ , March 1. , ing meeting and a : s called to order session was pub- tiful. and about and friends were was followed by a Making," opened Sister J. Prost merit of Highway in the Western ‘ Bro. Robt. D cussion by givin the bill now in t. . road making. The next on t by Sister H. G. the excellent. eesa Purpose of Life, Accomplish it,” -- by the secretary. By a unanimo d “The Improve. y H. W. Thornton 'slature re garding ram was an essay and in her absence ,. titled “ The Great TE the Best: Way to n by her, was read ote of the grange, was instructed to a forward the essay it. their little dolls, ich was well ren- recited a dialog dered and appla {mister O3§l:id'fh§ of grange, and y e\ farmers should join the same, which essay the grunge also requested to be forwarded to the VISITOR for publication. The discussion of “ The Press ” was opened by Bro. Bert, and was followed by Bros. A. D. Bank of Capital Grange, W. T. Adams, Geo. A. Dockeray. Sister I. D. Davis and others. The general opinion was that the press is of much importance. and that although bad liter- ature is plenty, the good is still more so; and as long as t.he,evil is read and dc- manded by the people it. will be printed. As the literature read has a great influ- enco on the character of the reader, and as our character is judged by the papers and magazines found in our homes, we should strive to have only the best, and let the GRANGE Vrsrrou be found in the ist. In the absence of Bros. Norton and Holt, who were to open the discussion on “Our School System,” Bro. Bank responded to the call with a few prac- tical suggestions. The evening session was opened at 7:30 o’clock, when remarks from several on the above question were listened to. Recitations were given by Cornelia Motiit, Miss Hazel Keecb, Mertie Pres- ton, Miss Mary Davis, and Mrs. E. Keech. and a song by Bro. and Sister E. Keech. Bro. A. D. Bank's pleasant countenance was welcomed by all, and we wish we might have 8 visiting member with us at each meeting, believing it would be a stimulus to a larger attendance, better work, and a greater membership. The next meeting will be held at Can- nonsburg, April 26. All fourth degree members are invited, and we hope to see a delegate from every grange in the county; and let. us strive to make our meetings as interesting and profitable as any in the State. The afternoon session will be public. Subjects for discussion will be “ Our Common School System,” and “Womun’s Opportunities in the Grange.” SECRETARY. LENAWEE C0. POMONA GRANGE. Having just received my last number of VISITOR March 1, I have looked in vain for a re rt of Lenawee’s Pomona meet.- ing hel on February 2. It was one of those pleasant and profitable meetings, usually enjoyed by us, and will long be remembered by those who participated. and has been commensurate of much good to Madison Grange with whom we met. The day was one of the worst of the season. Notwithstanding the inclem- ency of the weather the hall was com- fortably filled and u goodly number from ii distance. A fifth degree session was called, the business of the past. year con- cluded und the business of the present year began by the installation of ofiicors. Worth Master Horton of the Michigan State range, acting as installation ofll- d car. It is needless to comment upon the able and officient manner in which Bro. Horton conducted the ceremonies, in his easy and graceful inomier. Installation d over dinner was announced, and was re- dztixy being \Vash-l in onor of it the - above, which had been so tastefully dec- ‘ order.” I 1 v ' - v are draped back of,orated for the occasion. Order restored, ’ report tli: ziiiiideivztilsi I ' " 'x ... .,,,, ,__ _ __, V 7 met at the organ. l sponded to with pleasure by those from ;“Last, but not least, we proclaim it ‘ a distance. All seemed to enjoy the 3 bountiful repast, not forgetting the hand of Providence. Dinner over. all were invited to the hall the meeting was placed in the liamls of the Lecturer, Mrs. M. T. Cole, and the following program was rendered: Opening Song, by Madison Grange. Vi elconie, R. A. VVoolsey, Madison. l Ridge.‘ _ . Music, Madison Grange Orchestra, Recitation, Addie Daniels, Onstead Grange. Song, Madison Grange. Pfiper. Vi-lorthy Master‘ G. B. Horton, entitled “ Benefits of Farmers’ Organiza- l3!0!_1S.'" followed by a general and inter- opting discussion, participated in by T, G. Candler, T. F. Moore, M. T. Cole, A. S. Bush, C. A. Conklin and others. Bro. Horton 5 paper was acknowledged by all to be a valuable and able production. Recitation, L. G. Smith, Palmyra. Singing by Madison choir, which com- pleted the open session. A fourth degree session was then called to listen to reports of Subordinate Granges. After supper Grange opened in fifth degree and initiated 19 new members, after which Bro. vHorton gave an interest- ing and instructive talk, which was list- ened to with interest, and all went home feeling that the day had been well and profitably spent. J. W. W'ooLsia:Y. CALHOUN COUNTY GRANGE Met March 9 with Bellevue Grange in Eaton county. Bro. Jason Woodman being present, the regular program was not carried out. Bro. Woodman spoke on “Work in the of--_g W91‘.-__. . Grange.“ We want 50,000 grangers in -.126 '~“ -”“ "° ' ‘ l The Grango H3 an “rig a.’:::: ¢_‘fis;i.;. Michigan does not want to be behind. The Grange is permanent, and there must be one organization for farmers throughout the United States. It must be non-partisan and non-sectarian. It is educating farmers on public measures. Farmers are more interested in public affairs. The Grange is making farmers equal to men in other occupations. Giving them parliamentary drill. Making men confident to speak in public. Giving them business training and fitting them to be leaders of men. Farmers’ institutes help the farmer financially, by learning from others, exchanging ideas, and profiting by others’ experience. The Grange is an institute we have with us all the time. It. is permanent and is working for common good. The originator of the two cents a mile rail- road law. One half of the liquor tax going into the county treasury. Free mail delivery to farmers orig- inated in the Grange. When the Grange is stronger we will get more. Go to work industriously; urge your neighbors to join. Make it popular and social. The Grange is a power now in legisla- tive bodies. We want it a greater power. _ Perry Mayo spoke of the laws being made in the interest of the railroads and not of the farmer. Laws not for the railroads are not enforced. Vigilance is the price of getting laws for the farmers. The attendance was small but. the roads were good. Those who were there were well paid for going. The next; meeting will be held at Bat- tle Creek Grange hall, the second Thurs- day in April. Conferring the fifth de- gree. All members come with sugges- tions for good of the order. NELLIE A. MAYO, Press Correspondent. A GOOD IN SPECTION. Enrron GRANGE VISITOR: Sister Mary A. Mayo began the inspec- tion and lecture work in Branch county, February 21. _ Notwithstanding the severity of the weather and almost impassable condi- tion of the roads she found full and ap reciative audiences. _ irard, Union, Gilead, Batavia and Sherwood seconded Worthy Master Hortoi:i’s up intment, and gave this cultured ladpyo and lo al sister of our order such a kind an fraternal recep- tion that when the “labors of the day are closed” she can look back upon the excellent work done and the “good seed sown” with a. feeling of just pride and satisfaction. _ It was certainly refreshing after a cold and tedious ride of twenty miles to reach Gilead Grange hall, to meet our distinguished and worthy brother, Ex- Gov. Luce, who l_i_ad driven. the same distance to emphasize with his presence and influence that. clause in our declaration of purposes, that reads: Response, Sister L. P. l~tnssel,Fruit, aniongoiir purposes to inculcate a proper ,appreciation of the fll.)llltlt‘S and sphere ,of woman as is 1'nd2'cutur.l by admitting her to membership and position in our lappreciated, and we are certain that it 1; will result in great good to the Order in ;tl]lSV(:t.)l.1Dl’.}'.. J .v\.\l}~1S l). S'rL'nLEY, I nzon City. County Deputy. TH E KI.\'G'.*9' l! [G H WAY. l '_ Fzirrners make sucli constant use of the :'.high\va_v in marketing their products it is I important that they should know their iduty and rights in the case, and be inter- ’ested in every plan proposed for their bet- terment. The Micliigaii statutes say, “highways, bridges, crosswalks and culverts, shall be .kcpt in good repair, and in :1 condition rea- sonably safe and fit for travel." Of course regard must constantly be had for the prob- able use to which the road will be put and kept in condition for such use; what would be reasonably safe in one localitv, would not be in another. The law also‘ compels the farmer to contribute a certain portion of his land, for the use of the public as a highway; for this he gets no compensation, except the right to use the highway in common with all citizens, It further im- poses on him the duty of building and keeping in repair asmuch of the highway on the average, as is bounded by his land. He is further subject to the right of emin- ent domain, by which the State can author- ize the taking of more or less of his land for public use other than higways. In re- turn for all this he gets no larger rights than is common to all citizens, but rather seems to be the butt for all manner of Pleasantrv and the target for the funny man of the newspapers. Mortimer ‘Whitehead in the Farm :7mr7:- al says, “ It is said that there are 2,0-.o,ooo 0? ;__ on the farms 2 th of the farms. owing to the bad condition of the roads.” Then he figures that it costs $50,- 000,000 annually to maintain those horses. VVhat a lot of good road that $50,000,- 000 would build. I admit there are a good many extra horses on the farms in Michi- gan now, but their occupation is consumers of farm products, and not marketing. If Mortimer had done as much figuring to determine the capacity for work of those extra horses as he did their keep, he would have found that they could have done all the hauling to market and worked on the farm ten months in the year besides. A farmer in New Jersey was longing to sell his farm for $75 per acre, the roads were bad, the productive capacity of the’ soil enormous, the bane of his life was to ,-‘get his crops to market. Presto! The next we hear of him he is refusing $200 per acre for his farm. VVhat has brought the change? \Vh_v, they have adopted the county system of road building, and a mac- adamized road has been built by his farm, actually increasing its value for farming $125 per acre. I should like to know what kind of truck that farmer grows? I should like to know what kind of soil it is that has such remarkable agricultural resources, but supplies such poor material for road build- ing? This is but a sample of columns and whole magazine articles, without as much honest truth in them all as would have saved Sodom from destruction. Our roads are not half as bad as they represent them. They are not the worst of any civilized country. The principal occupation of farmers is not hauling to market the spontaneous productions of the farm. The work done by farmers on the road is just as economical, just as efficient, just as faithfully rendered, as that done by contractors with public money, for instance, building county ditches. I know that there is some labor misapplied. But all the bad roads are not due to unscientific methods. The cliiinate we have to contend with is a more potent factor than the road system in supplying an abundance of mud. The ad- vocates of a change in our road system do not “point with pride” to the beautiful roads in any country with a climate similar to ours. If farmers are wise they will “go slow” in recommending what may in the end prove exceedingly burdensome to them. I would suggest, that on each road war- rant be placed the law defining a highway, and plain directions for building and keep- ing in repair, drawn by a competent per- son and one in sympathy with the present system. In conclusion I will say that after reading everything that came to hand on the road question for years, I can give you in one -éentence more that is practical in road building than is contained in it all. That is, “thorough drainage and gravel." “HrGHw.umAN.” If you think of buying an Incubator write for catalogue of the New Improved Victor, advertised in our columns. Notice the advertisement of G00. 8. Singer on e 5. He sells a reliable line of incu ators. -..-. -... _. A... ,.-_\., ,_._..,. _._.._...I . aux... l 1.4.:-leflwt-.;. E VISITOR. MARCH 15, 1893. SILOS AND SILAGE. A Series of Letters From Some Mich- igan Stockmen and Farmers Who Have Tried the Silo. We present a few letters from some leading farmers and stock- men in reply to series of questions sent them concerning their experi- ence with the silo. The first set of questions was: 1. Have you had considerable experience with ensilage? 2. Would you recommend silage for dairy cattle? 2a. Does it injure flavor of milk or butter? 3. Feeding cattle for beef? 4. Sheep? 5. Horses? The replies are as follows: 1. Yes. 2. Yes. 2a.‘ Have never had any injured. 3. No experience. 4. No experience. 5. Yes, if not too sour. GEO. T. VAN NORMAN. Log Cabin Stock Farm. 1. Seven years. 2. Yes. 2a. NO. 3. Like it very much. 4. No experience. 5. Yes. I was never a better friend of good ensilage than I am now. , C. F. MOORE. St. Clair. 1. Have had seven years experi- ence on my farm. 2. Yes, silage is of great benefit to stock of all kinds, especially dur- ing Our long winters, correcting a tendency to constipation where most of the feed is dried. Dairy cows either dry Orin milk do much better if part of their rations be silage. 2a. Not when fed in reasonable quantity and in connection with dry food, but if fed to excess will sometimes cause gases to form and like green clover will affect the flavor of milk and butter. 3. Beef can be produced much pl‘ 1.flTlR . (‘I lit. ' - ‘I ‘.“1~5-1+3-*l::‘-’»5-’?«tr° 5.1”“? "V b’ "with grain feed, causing It to be more thoroughly digested and keep- ing the system in healthy condi- tion. 1 4. Sheep do well and enjoy at least one ration each day of silage. 5. Have only fed an occasional ration of silage to horses but always with apparent benefit. I may add hogs eat silage with avidity and thrive on it, and chickens eat con- siderable quantities if finely cut and lay more eggs than when fed only dry food. EDWIN PHELPS. Pontiac. 1. Have been using silo four years. 2. Have used it almost exclusive- ly for cows and A would not now know what to substitute for the silage ration. We find we can car- ry our cows through the winter with a more even flow of milk, in a better condition of flesh and at less expense for feed with two rations of ensilage, one of hay and small feeds Of bran and middlings twice daily, than any other system of feeding that we adopted previous to using the silo. 2a. Our milk product is used by over one hundred and fifty fam- ilies in the city and we have yet to record one complaint of flavor aris- ing from feeding silage. VVe have never made butter, but believe that we could produce a fine article while feeding-silage, providing the silage was in the proper condition as it should be. . 3. Judging from the condition of our cows in the spring would highly recommend silage for feed- ing beef cattle. 4. No experience. 5. Have fed small rations to our horses daily when not at work, with good results. Think itan excellent ration for horses when feeding straw—keeping the bowels in a Ood condition and preventing danger of straw colic. C. A. CLEMENT. Lansing. I have fed ensilage to horses, sheep, cattle and hogs each winter but two for thirteen years. M experience has been such that I built a second silo in 1891, more than doubling the capacity which f‘-: E. B. 1?‘? -- _...,-?.-.L9-u-__u.- ~ - =.--—----3 - ' ‘ ' “"9-’*»‘*"u ‘aw 1’rl.?t‘.v -“ A I had before. I have used corn for both silos except that last year I filled one with green clover, and one year I used oats and peas. I have never seen any bad effects from feeding silage to any kind of animals, and my stock all like it. While I believe it is preeminently the feed for dairy cattle, and that it does not injure the flavor of either milk or butter, I believe it can be profitably fed in fattening cattle. Experience seems to indicate to me that in feeding value it is worth at least as much when it comes from the silo as it was when it was put in; there does not seem to be any loss of nutrition; and it is especially desirable as a succu- lent food as it keeps the animals in a thrifty condition; it takes the place of bran as a laxative, and seems to be a good appetizer. I fed it to cattle that were being fat- tened for beef with very satisfactory results. My imported sheep eat it with- out any bad effects and are always eager for it; it is especially valua- ble in my experience, first, for giv- ing the ewes a supply of milk at lambing time and, second, in pro- ducing size and early maturity of lambs. A ration of it fed to fat- tening sheep gives them an appe- tite for more straw and other coarse fodder and keeps them in a thrifty condition. I winter my imported Cleveland bay mares and their colts on silage and straw, and the yard where they run each day is in connection with the silo, and the damaged silage is thrown where they eat it and pick it Over without bad results. If there were any danger of abortions from the effects of silage I think I should have seen it before now, as my brood mares have had it in this wayfor several Winters. I mature the corn as fully as possible and keep the stalks and leaves green before putting it into the silo. I believe it our best substitute for a root crop, and in connection with a root crop it is a desirable feed for all kinds of stock, whether kept for breeding purposes or for beef and mutton, and it is especially valua- ble for putting growth into young animals. Another set of questions was: 1. Have you had considerable experience with ensilage‘? 2. What is a fair estimate of the cost Of a 60 ton silo? 3. \Vhat is the cost Of harvesting and filling? 4. Considering the above cost would you recommend the silo to the “average” farmer? The following answers hand: 1. Five years experience. 2. Mine, built in the barn, and holding 75 tons, cost $54. 3. About 90 cents a ton. 4. Not to the average farmer, but to the dairyman. H. H. GARFIELD. are at Albion. 1. I have had three years’ exper- ience with the silo. 2. $100.00. I 3. The cost of harvesting and filling not including machinery is from 30 cents to 50 cents per ton. There would be quite a range in cost Of machinery, but let two or more farmers unite in buying it. 4. Yes. Ilrlliards. 1. Yes. 2. Two dollars per ton. 3. About 85 cents per ton. My average for years of cost for raising and filling silo with corn averaging 15 per cent ears has been about 85 cents per ton, this does not include rent of land. My silo holds 350 tons. 4. Yes, I could keep stock with- out a barn but not without a silo. E. L. LOOKWOOD. Pcfersburg. 1. Yes. 2. $150. If there is room to spare in the barn a silo of this size can be put in for half the above. Use tarred paper freely with boards for lining. 3. Forty to fifty cents per ton. The cost of machinery should not be included in one estimate for filling as it will last for years. SufiEi- cient machinery for filling a silo of this size will cost about $100, and will last for years and can be used for cutting dry fodder if desired. But corn can be ut in without L. A. LILLY. chinery. It keep well and for a small silo is vantageous. 4. Yes, with conditions. The advantages ofdrhe silo are these: The forage ispreserved more eas- ily and more surely, at least in the case of corn, thanxif dried and cured. It is in goo condition to feed. However it c. Ot be any better than the same dder well cured. It is less trouble than ordinary cur- ing. Silage should not be the sole feed; at least tflc-third dry fodder is better than all silage. I. H. BUTTERFIELD. Port Huron. 1. I am feeding ensilage the fourth winter of my experience to cattle, sheep and hogs. 2. Cannot answer this question definitely because I never have weighed ensilage in the pit and I know corn varies so much in weight it would be di ult to fix a stand- ard. My silos are 16x16-§ and 28 feet in height; the pair will hold 40 acres of good growth corn for this country and cost about $75 each, being constructed in one of the barn bays. They are made of two thicknesses Ofboards and tarred paper between.‘ I think I would build with one thickness of good sound narrow matched lumber if 1 were building another. 3. This question involvesso much latitude I cannqffi ‘inswer with any fractions or minuteness. Last fall I put 38 acres drilled corn, good for 75 bushels of ears per acre, in the silo with about 85 days’ work. Could make a little better progress with corn planted in hills; could get along with one man less _in the field. The above does not include three teams and racks about 7 days. Use steam power and N O. 18 cutter. 4. I notice you put the “ aver- age” in quotations, which makes me feel a little uncertain. If the “ average” farm is more than 80 acres I think I would recommend the silo; and I feel less uncertain in giving this advice today than I ever have before. I have just been weighing some cattle that have been fed exclusively on silage since going into winter quarters. One cow weighed from the field 5 miles away__ab9ut, ._.'F"~1an _.<_rivin time 1,10-".=", tn-'6 '-5,'C%I-‘_.3‘()§;oIr«n:'s; less, and to<':..,,‘,', ,(,‘~ weighs 1,370. One polled Shorthorn bull 2 years old last Christmas, weighed in the barn about Dec. 1, 1,500 pounds; today 1,780. One4 year old heifer giving milk and the same breed, weighs 1,790 pounds; all fed on silage almost exclusively. No other grain and less than a ton of hay to 20 head so far this winter. Tomor- row I intend to weigh 700 lambs, being fed chiefly upon ensilage, and if the result is as favorable as 1 ex- pect it will still further assure me that the “ average farmer” cannot afford to do without a silo~nor the VISITOR. JERRY SPAULDING. I onto. 1. NO sir; I have not had con- siderable experience with ensilage. This is my second winter in hand- ling and feeding it. 2. That depends upon how, what shape and where you build it. My silo is 13x14 and 27 feet deep, and built in a barn at the same time that the barn was built. It holds about 100 tons and would cost but little more than one holding 60 t.ons built under the same condi- tions. A 60 ton silo, if square, would be about 12x12 and 20 feet deep. My silo cost about $80, and I think if I had built separate from barn would have cost from $20 to $40 more. I think a 60 ton silo built under same conditions as mine would cost a little less than $80, but if it were built out of doors by side of barn I would place cost a little higher than $80. My silo runs into basement and has a stone wall 8 feet high on two sides, which makes the cost some more than if I had no basement. 3. I have never kept accurate fig- ures in regard to harvesting, but will say that I consider it a very cheap way to harvest corn as there is no husking and hauling of stalks. When once done all done. I have an Ohio cutter No. 16 manufact- ured by Silver & Deming, Salem, Ohio, and it will out just as fast as a man can feed it with the corn laid right by his side. The cutter and a reversible carrier 22 feet long cost me here on the cars $85. I hire the power at present as I think I can hire better than I can afford to buy one. and a man to attend to it for $3 per Can get steam power cutting and save t e cost of ma- day, but I have hired a horse power, a man and team for $2 per day, and then I had to put one of my Own teams On, as it takes two teams to run it. Think the engine is cheaper if you only have men enough to get the corn to you. 4. To the farmer who is making a good living or getting a little ahead at present, I think the silo would be a benefit, but the farmer who is just staying, or has got to “shack” in the near future, I would advise to let the silo alone or he will have to “ shack” the sooner, or in other words, I think that the silo run with a judicious lot of good common sense all the way through, clear down to the feeding of it, is a fine success. There are some more things I would like to say but Mr. Editor I fear that I am making this too wearisome for you. Any informa- tion that I can give to your sub- scribers I will gladly give if they will address me. JOTHAM ALLEN. Ithaca. 1. I have used ensilage four sea- sons, having built the first silo built in Tuscola county. 2. $55 will build a good silo if built in a barn where no roofing is required. 3. Will say two cutters $2.50, two feeders $2.50, one loader $1.25, one packer $1.25, two teams and team- sters $5.00, engineer and use of en- gine $3.00, use of cutting box (NO. 16 Tornado) 50 cents, one cord of 18-inch wood $1.25, total $17.25. This crew will put up from 40 to 60 tons iII a day, according to the condition and quality of the corn and distance to haul. 4. Yes, by all means, if you have no more than four head of cattle to feed. I have two silos. The one is built with two thicknesses Of boards, tarred paper between, the other sheeted with inch lumber, then lathed and plastered, using one- third quick lime, two-thirds water lime; lathing and plastering is far better than two coats of lumber and tar-red paper. This year I failed to fill my silo, could nct get an engine at the proper time. I cut up_ my corn, ‘ilcd it and when tjie stalks were uioI'Ougnly7"ai"f€d‘p'uttnem th1‘O7fgh a cutting box. I am feeding them now. They are poor trash. I am mad every time I feed my stock. Yes, I might say my stock is mad too. D. N. BLOOHER. M illin gfon. . REPEAL I’l‘l EDITOR GRANGE VISITOR: I have been amused at the different opinions published in the GRANGE VIsIroR on the mortgage tax law. In the VIsIroR of March 1st, A. L., of Eaton Rapids, asked the question, "Are not mortgages now assessed the same as landed property?” I answer emphatically, no. It IS the cus- tom Of supervisors to assess real estate at from two-thirds to three-fourths of its cash value. and mortgages at their face value, making mortgages pay from one- fourth to one-third more tax than real estate. I know a farm that is worth $8,000, assessed for $4,900; there is a mortgage on it of $4,000. The mortgage on it pays over four-fifths of the tax, when it should pay one-half. I hold a mortgage on village property of $500, worth about $800, assessed for $600. 1 pay five-sixths of the tax, should pay five-eights. A holds three mortgages of $1,000 each, all located in the same town, one in a school district where they raise by tax but little money for school purposes; another in a district where they are building a very line school house; and the other in a city Or village where corpo- ration and school taxes are very high. On one mortgage A pays one-half per cent. on the second one and one-half per cent, and on the other, two and one-half per cent. I hold a mortgage of $500. My mortgage tax on it is $9.87. Almost two per cent, and five-sixths of the tax on the property. I ask in the name of common sense is there any justice in such unequal taxation? Taxes should be equal on money loaned in the same town. I should pay my tax on all of my personal property in the town where I live. The town I live in loses $43,000 in valuation on personal property by the mortgage tax law, and the tax that would have been levied on that is spread on therest of the taxable property of the town, thereby increasing the farm- ers’ tax. Assessing mortgages does not increase the valuation of property where they are assessed, as they become a part of the of personal property. And not only the lender, but the borrower is affected. It drives money out of the State and makes it scarce, which tends to raise the rate of interest. Most mortgages are now drawn with a tax clause, compelling the bor- rower to pay the taxes. and in addition he must pay his proportion of the loss of taxes on account of the decrease in valua- tion of personal property by the mort- gages being assessed in other towns. The more you try to amend the law. the worse you will make it. Repeal it and substitute something in place of it that will make our taxes just and equal. Hmnm ANDREWS. Orion, M ich. real estate instead of increasing the value - MICHIGAN smcx BREEDERS. All those who wish to purchase pure- bred stock of any description, will find it to their advantage to correspond with some of the following well- known breeders. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP \\''c are prepared to furnish Choice Imported, or lIome«l)red Ewes and Rams at prices as rea- sonable as any Reliable Br--edcr can sell. If \‘()I wish to start :1 Flock it will pay you to write Is for prices, or better come and sec for your.~elf. E. C. L. MUMFORD 8: SON MOSCOW, MICHIGAN EUGENE FIFIELD BAY CITY, MICK Successor to M ER RILI. & FIFIELD Importer mid Breeder of HEREFORD CATTLE 3"‘ SHROPSHIRE SHEEP Choice stock of both kinds fors ale. Prices rcasonv nblc. L'orrc.f:lCtlDll will be guaranteed. Stock recorded in 0. l’. L‘. R. JOHN BOWDITCH Hillsdale, Michigan H. H. HINDS Stanton, Montcalm Co llrcc(lcr of Shorthorn Cattle American Merino and Shropshire Sheep BLACK MEADOW FARM. Standard-bred Trotters Shorthorn tattle Sliropslrire Slwp llvrkslllre Pigs F. R. BZXKER, Detroit. 69 Bgn Black. Write for Catalog. Oaklzmd Pdultry Yards. ‘Eggs for 17.‘.-'«....l"‘.:.'v per 13,, ‘B 1-red Pjymnnfh, , nocliia“. ‘.;n.~;- ('.m.l» W fl-er. an ~ I-:_='e (tomb Brown Leahorm-. $1.00 to .$I.?.n,\\VVl»1".; Wyan- dottee and Light Brahmas, $].50.MamFh6t,h Bronm Turkeys, $2.01! per six. My yards are all headed by hi,r.,vh—scoring males. hens and pullets score 90 to 95. M_v stock has won premiums at all the principal shows in Michigan. JAMES .\lIlrl.ER, Jr.. Beddow, Mich. FOR SALE. Three young Jersey Bulls, ranging in age from four months to one year nl(1. All eligible to reg- istry in A. J. F. (‘. registry. Also a registered Oheshire Boar. IRA A. VAN ORSDAL, ‘ QUINCY, Mica COLBY Efdcx FARM. Rnmbouillet Sheep. Galloway (Tattle, and Per- cheron Horscs. All stock pure bred and regis- tered. Two Percheron Stallions for sale at 1| bargain. Spring me for Seed. Address, L. F. HOAG, (‘oLnY, MICH., or L. B. 'l‘U\V.\bE\ID. IONIA. MICE. HEREFORD BULL For sale cheap—six years Old, from GROVE 3d srocx by WAXWORK EDVVIN PHELPS, Pontiac Mylnew catalogue contains more information on t e STRAWBERRY -AND THE- GLADIOLUS Than any otherissuerl this season. Send postal for it and see. Do it NOW. EL CRAVVFORD, (‘Duncan FALLS, 0. Don’t YOU Need a “BABY” Cream Separator If you have five or more news. a "BABY" cannot but hl'uVB a most profitable and pleasing in. ......(--m. In: uses means more an d hotter butter. warm skim~mllk for 2'.-.-uinz: Illlrpmtes, saving of Ive. time. labor and plans. znxil better satisfaction with dairying generally. Send for m-w “ BABY " catalogue. giving actual expe- rieincea oégverlilt-_ltno\1vn users and endorsenient of hi heat «la ry an 0 185 n every section, airy ea, capaaflel, prices, sud complete in; tlon. THE DE lllVAl SEPABATUH 00., GENERAL OFFICES! 74 cortlandt st., New York MARCH 15, 1893. ATRONS’ , M1cn’1c;.N mrrnous “Buy direct from PA'l‘RONS' PAINT WORKS have sold Ingsrscll Paint to the Order I’. of ll. since its organization. House Paints and Cheap Paints for Burns and Out- buildings, l0,000 Farmers testify to their merits. Grange Halls. Churches, School Houses, Dwellings, all over the land, some of them painted 15 years ago, still ooking well, prove them the most durable. Factory?’ at full Wholesale Prices and sdve al1~Middlemen’s Profits. O. W. INGERSO Oldest Paint House In America ORKS Iugersoll’s Liquid Rubber Paints Indestructible Cottage and Barn Paints Sample Color Cards, “('onfidential” Grunge Discounts, Est mates and full particulars LL, Prop. Pos-lal Jofiings. HOME GRANGE, NO. 129. Saturday evening January 28, installed oflicers as follows: E. F. Talmage, Worthy Master; C. H. Sutherland, Overseer; A. P. Gleason, Secretary. Our representative, John \Voodworth of Penfield, was present, and installed our otficers, and after a short speech from the VVorthy Master, gave us a good talk on our secret work which was attentively listened to. VVhile we lose a_ member occasionally we still keep increas- ing. “'6 will initiate t'vo new members at our next meeting. Our Lecturer always has a good program, which is generally well rendered, and the result is usually a very pleasant meeting. SOUTH LOWELL GRANGE, NO. 113. During the past year the membership of our Grange has more than doubled and we have a. good lively membership now. A week ago last Saturday Lowell District Council met at our hall and the meeting was well attended and very interesting. “ The most interesting Council I ever at- tended,” was the verdict of more than one, -‘ YPSI.“ Ypsilanti Grange has caught the spirit of revival and taken up work that was nearly dormant. Delegate Jno. S. McDougall in- stalled ofiicers and gave a stirring report, with some criticisms, of the State Grange. He will return, that the discussion he aroused mav be continued. Bro. H. D. Platt keeps the Secretary’s records. There is an appreciation of the “ power of the press” among members and local papers are used. A trial is to be made of the first book in the “ Soils and Crops" course of the “ Farm Home Reading Circle" for lect- ure purposes. SOUTH JEFFERSON GRANGE. NO. 152. To -create more of an interest in the young people in the Grange, we voted to have every third meeting an open meeting devoted entirely to literary work. Satur- day evening Feb. 11, we held our first open meeting since the installation of officers, and it was a grand success. VVc have 21 a stock of groceries, kept at the hall, which Bro. Vanorsdale agrees to sell on ten per cent margin. GRATTAN GRANGE. N0. 170. Here we are for jottings of Grattan ‘Grange, No. 170 VVe as a Grange are laboring to promote the interests of our -Order, hut not with as much zeal }2—.'rl’iaps as we should. 'l‘hcre are giefft anti lilsflng bencfifs which we may derive from the Grange, if we will each one of us do our part. We have commenced having socials‘ to raise money for the Temple of Ceres. We hope to raise our full share before next November. Have any of the Sisters any- thing new or novel for an entertainment for socials? lf you have please report. We had a very interesting meeting the evening of March 7, Bros. Bank of Lan- sing and Dockery of Rockford, addressed the meeting, speaking on the benefits of the Grange to farmers in earnest and well chosen words. Quite a number of ex- Grangers present; hope it did them good. AUNT KATE. DOUGLASS GRANGE, N0. 650, is in a very prospering condition, and is pushing to the front in Grange work fast as possible new members are constantly knock- ing at our doors for admission. l-lave taken in a large number of new members in the past year, most of which are young peo- ple. \Ve hold our meetings regular every two weeks, which are always well attended. Bro. A. D. Bank, Deputy Lecturer, vis- ited our Grange on the 15th of February and gave us some very good advice on Grange work. GEORGI-: PORTER, Lecturer. Macon Grange, No. 167, mourns the loss of Sister Sarah Ann Osgood. Appropri- ate resolutions were framed. Sister Os- good had been a member 18 years. UNIVERSITY AID. An Open Letter to My Representa- t-IVCI March 7, 1893. Hon. ~——- DEAR SIR: I gather from your favor lately received in response to my letter favoring an appropriation for the wom- an's gymnasium at the University, that you do not see your way clear to favor- ing an appropriation for that purpose, and perhaps not to all beside that the University asks for, and also that while disposed to do justice to the institution that your idea of justice springs from no very favorable opinion of its advantages and usefulness, and does not include much further expansion. As you will naturally see and hear much to fortify you in your opinion, and will incline to give weight and credence to what. tends to confirm previous impressions it may prove a fruitless task to offer anything upon the other side. But as your posi- tion as legislator involves a somewhat judicial investigation of many questions you will, of course, divest yourself of prejudice as far as may be. and as you admit the evidence is not all in nor the case closed in regard to the University, I want to do a lit._tle special pleading in its behalf. First, as to the points you make in your letter, “ Can not the University be- come too large?” Upon your assump- tion that. it turns out almost wholly pro- fessionals who “prey” upon society, yes. But assuming that the safety and wel- fare of a state depends largely upon the intelligence of its people, and that the; best educated are, wherever they go, a‘ constant power for the elevation of the rest, no. If instead of “preying upon the people” they push to the wall the quncks and pettifoggers and others of that ilk, and by superior education and fitness rescue such professions from their loss competent hands, no. Let the good work go on. and the U. of M. turn out more and more till incompetency disappears, and the highest skill and knowledge that culture can give is within easy reach of all who must. of necessity avail themselves of it. You seem to think it an objection to the institution that so large a proportion of graduates enter professional pursuits, but the percentage is not much greater I apprehend than among those that go out from the Agricultural College, which would show that however unde- sirable, it is unavoidable. By referring to a report of President Angeli, which I send herewith, you Wlll see about 45 per cent of those who avail themselves of the advantages of the U. of M. are chil- dren of farmers. mechanics and laboring men. To raise the standard of admis- sion or increase the tuition fees with a view to prevent further increase of at- tendance would, if it accomplishes its purpose, operate mainly to debar those of limited means, while it would make no difference to the rich, thus tending to make it a rich man’s college, which, pray God, it may never be. The grandest thing of this grandest system of government is opportu.m‘ty— opporunity for all, the poorest and hum- blest as well as the richest and greatest, to grow and thrive, to freely bud and bloom and bear priceless fruit, rich in the best elements of their naLure——a fair and open chance to aspire to rise, to win all fame and honor, even the proudest place on earth, that of president; of the republic. Any policy that obstructs or bars the path of opportunity is a blow at popular government and the progress of the race, and these must ever as here- tofore depend upon popular intelligence and virtue. But while nearly every one concedes the advantages of higher education there is a. diversity of opinion as to how far the State should be chargeable with the cost of such education. Many peo- ple draw the line at or above the high sdrool -and claim that all higher institu- ’I.“ui.lun'§ s1i1,;;iu‘ be made; .5.-;...u,,-pcrt~i_,,‘ or be maintained by a tax laid upon their patrons in the form of tuition and not at all or in part only by taxes levied upon the property of the State. The principle involved is the same as in the old rats bill system, and the arguments the same as were advanced in favor of its continuance. I But happily it was left behind in the growth of educational sentiment, and we have in its place the free school system grounded on the prin- ciple that the property of the country should educate the children of the coun- try. That, time has demonstrated to be the true principle as to the common schools. Why not go further and say all State institutions, charitable, reform- atory and educational should be wholly supported by the State and free to all the citizens thereof except as they equit- ably contribute in taxes to their support. Educational sentiment is moving on, and the time 15 ripe for a grand step for- ward, and I believe you can do your State no greater service nor win for yourself higher honor or fuller measure of gratltude from the future than by stepping to the front now, as the cham- pion of free collegiate education for the people of our State. While it may be necessary to limit our generosity and retain the present scale of fees against non—resident stu- dents, every one should be swept from the path of our own citizens. Michigan should swing wide open the doors of her great university and say “ Come, my children, a.nd.drink freely at the fount of knowledge. Your State is doing all in her power to make you become great and good and useful citizens.” What joy and hope would such a course bring to the hearts of many a poor boy and girl. In this vicinity, and it is doubtless true of every locality of the State, there are children of small farmers, mechanics and laboring men who long to gr) to the U. of M., and many of them through the heroic sacri- fices of their -parents and themselves do go; while living in the same neighbor- hood are men of wealth, often without children of their own, and who shall say that they of their abundance shall not contribute a tithe towards a free univer- versity? Who shall reiterate the senti- ment, “If people Want their children to have anything more than a high school education let them pay for it, it is noth- ing to us.” But it is something to us, something to the State and everyone of its citizens. The boys and girls of to- day will be the men and women of the future. It will be their duty to mold society and direct public opinion, to make laws, dispense justice, and admin- ister the government, and every where and at all times to maintain the honor and glory of the State and nation‘. Who shall say the knowledge, culture, and mental development and discipline to be hadat one of the grandest Universities ID this or any country shall not better fit them for their duties to themselves and to humanity? You say it is hard for the legislator standing between the University and I people, to tell just whfi he ought to do in justice to both.‘ Yes, I appreciate the difficulty, but while the oflicer is the servant of the people, do they not ex- pect, when they elect him to represent them, that he will» really become a leader? Is it nota part of his services to study, investigate and determine for them the legislation necessary to the best interests of the people? Dr‘ they not expect, with his superior 2‘..c1.."t.ies for information as to public needs, that 241-243 Plymouth-st., Brooklyn MAILED FREE. Write at once. ___..._n.___ in “dV"‘“°° IF YOU ARE THINKING or BUYING he will take ground of the slower and more conservative popular sentiment, reserving to them- selves the “inalienable” right to criticise unmercifully? While they openly plead I for economy, they secretly swell with pride for Michgan and her institutions and the legislature that would not furn- ish ample means to keep the State at the head of the procession, would fail to give satisfaction. = Rockefeller has given from his wealth l millions to endow a university. We‘, know a “feller” so much richer that hel seems a pauper in comparison, whol protests and pleads poverty if his agents i ask him for a few hundred thousands to keep his University running and to build an addition to the gymnasium for his daughters. Yet all the same if his girls do not graduate there as strong and healthy, as beautiful and graceful and as brilliant in intellect as anybody’s girls, he would be terribly put out, and if his University does not go right on climbing higher and higher till it stands at the pinnacle, the very greatest insti- tution of learning in all this world, he will never be satisfied or happy, and he will always be looking back and blam- ing some of the men who had charge of the matter for him. Let not the blame fell upon you, my dear . The people want Michigan to march at the head of the educational column no matter what it costs. “Now, don’tl you forget it.” Sincerely yours, ‘ A MAN on A FARM. l 'l‘l-IE MORTGAGE TAX LAW. I presume that all fair-minded men will agree that taxes should either be assessed and collected upon the actual value of property owned, or upon the income derived from the use of such property. and that the burdens should be as justly and equally distributed as possible. In theory the present mortgage tax law complies with these fundamental principles. In practice, it falls far short of them. It furnishes a practical exemp- most v‘aiu..'..5.é"'}'-%'i‘»5~,~.“-l+“r1Z_,’* .;:‘.':‘..>.,l in me Stats. Your last issue contains two arti- cles written by‘frienda of the law. Both of these overlook the vital objection to the present law in their anxiety to exempt the mortgagor, but do they accomplish their purpose? Let us con- sider this in the light of facts. We have in each locality a certain amount of money to raise for State, county, town- ship, city, school, and road taxes. The amount to be raised and the value of property upon which it is assessed deter- mines the per cent. One fact will illus- trate the point which I desire to present. I know a township that is equalized at $600,000. In that township resides a man who has $90,000 invested in mort- gage securities. In 1890 his taxes were $870. When the present law took effect his mortgages had all matured. Most of them had been extended along from year to year, but. when the owner discovered that the law had provided an avenue through which he could escape the pay- ment ci $870 annual taxation, he was not slow to avail himself of the kindly opportunity afforded him by the Legisla- ture, and those who had given mortgages were notified to pay up or stipulate not only to pay their own taxes, but those of the mortgagee. Taxation upon the town- ship is no less than before, but it must be raised upon a reduced assessment, and of course the per cent is largely increased and this increase falls equally upon the encumbered and unencum bored property, and while in some cases there is a slight reduction in the amount of interest paid. yet this will not more than compensate for the increased per cent of taxation besides the aggravating specta- cle of seeing the richest man in town exempt from all the burdens of taxation. The State government exists for his ben- efit. Court houses are erected and courts maintained for the enforcement of his rights to a greater extent than others, and all paid for by those much less able to contribute than he. Schools are established and the best of teachers employed for the education of his child- ren as well as others without its costing him 3 cent. He is a very earnest advo- cate of “good roads.” He rides much. but pays nothing for the construction of them. When his valuable property was assessed the percentage was a little less than a dollar per hundred. Now it is $1.12 on a hundred. So all are contrib- uting to the relief of this comparatively wealthy man. He is a good citizen, nor 18 his an isolated case. Men nowhere pay more for the support of government than the law requires. But eternal jus- tice among men requires these men to contribute. and justice cannot always be defied with impunity. Owners of bank stock are righteously required to pay taxes. Why should not those who hold stock even better than this be required to do likewise? FARMER. The VISITOR is for every farmer, Whether he is a Granger or not. tion from taxatiop Q large amount of the} sewing1n;_,\_ _ A Sewing Machine Although we have sold a good many of the machines we have been offering and though they have given satisfaction, we believe that we are making a still better offer. FOR Wi: WILL Sam) A MACHINE WELL Numb THE COLUMBIAN The (‘olnrnbian is astrictly high grade sewing machine with 1 modern improvements. Superb mechanism, graceful design, hand: some finish, light running and noiseless. In fact, all the desirable features contained in other well-known modern style machines are found in the “Columbian." Improved simplified by the best mechanical talent until it stands the peer of all other sewing machmes on the market. FULLY WARRANTED FUR TEN YEARS; As additional evidence of the general super vs i iority and wearing qualities of the "Colum- - bian, it is warranted for ten years. The “Colombian “ will out-wear any two of the _ _ highest priced sewing machinesin the world All wearing parts are case-hardened steel possessing great durability, and by the turning of a screw' all lost motion can be taken up. All parts are fitted so accurately that these machines are abso- lutely noisetess and as easy running as fine adjustment and best mechanical skill can produce. No expense or time is spared to make them perfect in every respect, as every machine passes a rigid in- spection by conipotentmen before leaving the factory. Extra attachments in a velvet lined case, sent free with each machine: 1 Tuclrer,1 Rnfiler with shirring plate. 1 Hemmer Set (-1 widths) and Binder. 1 Braider (Foot and Slide), 1 Thread Cutter. Each machine is supplied with the following additional accessories: 1 Hemmer and Feller (one piece) 10 Needles, 6 Bobbins, 1 Screw—Driver, Oil Can filled with oil, Cloth Gauge and Thumb Screw, and a Book of Instructions. The Book of Instructions is profusely illustrated, and answers the purpose of a competent, teacher. The Balance-Wheel and many of the fine parts are nickel-plated, with other parts finely enameled and ornamented, giving it a rich appearance. The improved automatic bobbin winder is so simple that a child can easily operate it-—winding the thread automatically on the bobbin as evenly and regularly as the thread on a spool. This valuable attachment. renders possible a perfect control of the shuttle tension, and all annoyance resulting from shuttle thread breaking while the machine is in motion, which is common to many machines- is entirely obviated. _ _ ' ‘. self-setting needle and self-threading cylinder shuttle are used in the “Columbie.n" high arm > They are so simple that any "I.-3 can easily operate them in a few minutes’ time. :15 0-7; ,',;,;fj‘vjct3_r),'* Book In fnll_v illustrate-i. SHOWIDS. ‘now to do all kinds of fancy work with Attach. ments. The self-threading shuttle ‘I-2 so simple .1. it ‘Wh u L» 0 -..'..,--.L0ns or me‘ ‘la. =1 1,,-..,;_ wafm] L; nun... tle is threaded. '‘ The driving-wheel on this machine is admitted to be the simplest, easiest running and most con- venient of any. The machine is self-threading, has the very best tension, and is made of the best material. with the wearing parts hardened. and is finished in a superior style. It has veneered (‘0V9l". ilr(|\(p-leaf table,4 end (lra\\'er.~x and center swing drawer and finished in oak or walnut wom wor . Price including one year's subscription. $2]. Sent b frei ht, c r ' of freight station if different from postofiice address. y g ha gee prepaid Give name VVe prepay the freight. The Machine is shipped subject to your approval, and if not entirely satisfhctory will be retlu-ned AT OUR EXPENSE Golllll D3 Fdlrfir? IT is VVARRANTED FOR TE.’ YEARS. Address, with the money, THBl3f.§ GRANGE VISITOR, LANSING, MICE. OFFER YET. If you want a good organ for the School- room or Grange why not take this Oppor- tunlty of securing one at a remark- ably low rate. We are offering the famous Companion Organ as a premium’ to those who will secure us new subscribers. Here is llliat the llanufatrturers Say for it: _ There can be no better organ made for its size than our Companion No. 2. The action is easy, responds quickly to the touch, and is in all respects as fine quality as the actions in our larger organs. The bellows is capa- 01_011B. Pumps easily, and a child can supply wind to the reeds without difficulty. The reeds are of the best quality, strong, rich, perfectly tuned, and of suflicient. volume to lead a number of voices. It contains the swell. It is made with strong, handsome lamp- stands, with ornamented ends and front, octave, over all, 89 111. Length of Soctave, The 03595 3-1'9 made in dark hard Wood over all, 45 in. 1Jepth,15 in. Wei.ght.secure- finished in oil and hand-rubbed. ’ ‘Y b°"°d ‘‘b°“'' 140 l’°““d5- Each organ has the same WARRANT FOR EIGHT YEARS as is given with our large instruments. In all our experien as organ manufacturers we have never produced an organ of equal capacity an price that gives us more satisfaction than this new Companion No. 2. And llere is What the Publishers of The Youtl1's Companion says of it: 41 Temple Place, Boston, Mass,, May_ 3, 1890, DIMnNsxoNs—Height, 42 in. Length of E. P. CARPENTER Co.: Geuf.lemen—We have used organs made by your company for several years, They have given us entire satisfaction. Yours truly, PERRY, MASON & Co_ The You.th’s Companion Ind llere is What “Pat” Says of it: Lansing, Mich., Oct. 29 1892 THE GRANGE VISITOR—-The organ you offer is O. K. I can recommehd itlto teachers for their school-rooms. H_ R_ PAHENGHL Every school house should have an organ. Get the pupils interested and the parents, and the schoolboard and you can easily get one. We will isena this organ, which sells for 30.00, with bench and a 216 page instructor, for Sixty New Subscribers at fifty cents a year, and 10.00 cash, receiver. to pay freight. The organ we1ghs,_ready for shipment, about 140 pounds You can’t do better than to try for this splendid premium. . THE GRANGE VISITOR, bansing, Mich r :5 § 1‘ ...,..-..,-.<.”$-2.. ._.«.. .... _._.._- - ....»»..........-.-»..... av-as p-.....- l . l E ' year, try him for a quarter of a wind men of experience with the? ' nity and manhood sufficiently to 4 THE GRAIRT-“l vIsIToR.- u MARCH 15, 1893. THE GRANGE VISITOR, Published on the 1st and 1:'ith of every month. Ker-yon ll. Butterllcld, Editor and Manager-, LANSING. Ml(1H.. To whom all exchanges. communications, adver tising business and subscriptions should he sent. TERMS 50 Cr-nits a. Year, 25 Cents for Six Months. In Clubs of 20 or more 40 cents per year each. Subscriptions payable in advance, and discontinued at expiration, unless renewed. ?‘Remittances should be by Registered Letter, oney Order or Draft. Do not send stamps. Entered at the Postofiice at Lansing. Mich., as Second Class Matter. Our Offers. 1. For one new name for one year we will send a copy of Black Bmmly. II. To any one sending in 5 new sub- tcribers for one year we will send the V15- rrou one year free. III. To any one sending in I5 m:1usulz- scrr'ber.€ for one year, we will send the set of Eliot's works, IV. To any one sending 30 new sub- .9rn'bers for one year we will send Dicken‘s complete works. V. To any one sending 3o nczc .s~zzl2.w'il»- ers for one year and $5.00 we will send a Webster or Worcester Dictionary. Or we will send the same for 60 ur-.:' mum-_s~, VI. For 60 new subscribers for one year and $iooo we will send the Companion organ. Or we will send it for 120 II('1L’ subscribers for one year. Do not send stamps. Send in your names as fast as you get fllem, with the monev, stating what pre- mium you are working for. Begin now. In writing to advertisers be sure to mention the fact that you saw the advertisement in the GRANGE VISITOR. Have you written to R. M. Kellogg of Ionia for a copy of his book on fruit? He sends it you know, to subscribers of the VISITORl If you want copies of the report of the Executive Committee at the last State Grange, to distribute among your members, send to this office. Are you going to get that neigh- bor of yours to subscribe for the VISITOR? If he won’t take it for a dollar for half a year. _;;,g- -. ~ _ -I I-_:.u.|.;...._ There seem to be a good many complaining that they did not get the March 1 number of the VISITOR. If you have not yet re- ceived it drop us a card with your address. \’Ve do not know where the fault was. Don't skip the articles in small type. Some of them are the very best in the issue. VVe are so crowded that we were forced to use smaller type for a part of the paper. Our correspondents must re- member that one invariable rule of , iceiving meagre support from the I .—,m.»,>‘.V~ -~ - -. ... E THE MORTGAGE TAX LAW. 1 The present law will be repealed unless its friends come to its rescue lpretty soon. If you want it to stand as it is, or if you want the clause added making it illegal to insert in a mortgage the stipulation ‘that the borrower must pay the tax, you should write to your mem- ber at once and tell him so. Read Mr. He-witt’s article. SISTER, DO YOU WANT T01/'()TIL'./’ Rep. Ewing says that he is re- women of the State for his suffrage resolution providing for universal suffrage on an educational basis. If you think you want the ballot ;or can use it for the good of your lSt.ate, write to Hon. A. E. Ewing A that you want to see his resolution pass. Get your husband to do the same, if you can. Get up petitions at your grunge. or missionary so- ciety, or sewing circle. and send to him. A FOOD CO.-1IMIS’SIONER. If some people knew what they have to eat they would not com- plain because some other people want a food and dairy commissioner in this State. If they knew how much they lose each year by buy- ing bogus coffee and sugar and spices they would not object to paying one cent on (1, thousand dollars of their wealth, which would be perhaps their share of the expenses of such an officer. In this case the cry against the office be- cause it “willigive one more man a place” is shortsightedness. Perhaps there might be abuses, and probably there would be for from perfection in the work, but such an Office!‘ certainly is needed to enforce the laws, and mercy knows we need laws on this sub- ject. CONSTITUTIONAL AlllEND- MEN TS. Bésf£ies’tEe"‘rba;d iiniendment t5 be voted on this spring, there is one allowing convicts in prisons and j ‘-ils to be used to labor upon the highways. Also one raising ,.-_-. g ‘ $1,200, Secretary of State, Commis- Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion, each, $2,000. labor. It would, we fear, lead to many evil results. amendment is not compulsory and yet it opens the way. a newspaper office is to wrilc upon A one side of the paper. We arei sorry to destroy communications? written in any other form, but the; printer insists on this rule. «. _.______._..- | . . - l We invite attention to our article on silos and silage. The letters are all from practical men ,. silo. Prof. Cook is known as an authority on ensilage, and he des- cribes the whole system of planting, culture and harvesting. There is’; this to be said of the silo, that almost without exception the men who have fairly tried the silo favorit, cven for small farms. As a rule the objectors to silage are men who have not tried it at all. This fact of itself warrants the progressive farmer in making a trial of the silo, if he is accustomed to winter much stock of any kind. A NOBLE EXAMPLE.’ Recently, in our Michigan House of Representatives, the Speaker of that body descended from his dig- call a member a puppy and to ex- press a desire to “lick” him. We used to hear such talk as this when we were small——real young——but we didn't suppose men did it. the necessity of any greater salary in office, he does not need the extra them the money for it. As to the Superintendent of and the amount ought to be at least $2,500, if not- $3,000. IVE: be secured. Perhaps this is better than no increase however. A LITTLE UNFAIR. tion of how to obtain good roads in the shortest possible time, seems to become gr"-' .er each week. There is now a proposition to change the constitution of the State'so towns reforms in road building suggested by bicycle manufacturers, and other interested parties. We are totally opposed to any such action, 1‘03d5- the salaries of certain State officers, Shall be elected by the people, the giving the L1911l7eI18-Ilt G0\'6I‘I10l‘ number of said commissioners to sioner of the State Land office, Visors Of the c°‘mt'y' _ _ missioners may provide for an We think that the convict labor annual tax not exceeding $2 upon scheme is a poor way of settling each $1,000 of the assessment roll the difficult problem of prison of the Count-V for the preceding year. of course the debtedness or issue any bonds for the construction or maintenance of making under State _or national supervision. The closer it is kept to the people, whére it can be look- ed after, the better it will be for all concerned." We quote from an editorial in the last Zifich-igatn Farnicr. It seems to us that the Farmer is not fair in stating its case on a ques- tion of so much ikitportance as the road question. The proposed amendment is not quoted and readers certainly would get a wrong impression of it from this editorial. Here are a few of what seem great errors in the above statement: 1. Towns or townships cannot run in debt under this amendment any more than they can under the present system. 2. Counties cannot “run in debt up to their necks." The limit is 3 per cent of the assessed valuation. Now, as we have shown elsewhere, suppose the bonds should bear 7 per cent interest——4 per cent would be more likely—the interest on the largest debt that a county could contract would amount to the same as a two mill tax on all the prop- crty in the county. But even this cannot be done except by a vote of the people of the county. This is not State supervision. It is opt-ional county supervision. 4. It does depend directly upon thevote of the people. VVe are not seeking a contro- versy, but we think a fair state- ment of facts is always best. Then let the people decide. THE ROAD AMENDMENT. The legislature has passed a joint resolution submitting to the people at the next election April 3, the following amendment to the constitution of the state: “The legislature mayprovide for the laying out, construction and maintenance of county and town- ship roads, and may provide that any road hereafter laid out shall be a county or township road. -«-“€:.uIi*.-3; maintain: ed at the expense of the county and township roads at the expense of the township. “ County roads shall be under the control of a board of commissioners not to exceed five in number, who be fixed by the board of super- “ For the construction and main- tenance of county roads the com- “ No county shall incur any in- the whole county. Thus the cities would come in for their share of the tax. for roads but upon a vote of the people and only to a certain amount. The effect of this amendment would be if a county chose to vote the county sytem for itself that-, 1. The tax would be raised by money at a rate of not over per 31,000. g 2. If the people wished, instead of a tax, to bond the county and go ahead with the improvements at once, they could do so, but the debt must be limited to 3 per cent of the assessed valuation. The interest at 7 per cent on this debt could not amount to more than $2 per $1,000 of the assessed valua- tion leaving the principal to be paid by the increased value of property. If a county does not. choose to vote for itself the county system the only effect of the amendment would be to abolish the road dis- tricts so as at present and to make the township the district. The other provisions of the amend- ment as to money tax and issuing bonds would not apply. It would seem as if this amend- ment were hedged about so care- fully that it ought to be adopted. VVG don’t see how any harm can result because there is nothing compulsory about it-, the people still have it in their hands. And if the people choose to have the county system, the whole county and not the farms alone pays for the roads. ‘ THE INHERIT.-INCE TAX. Prof. McBride will give in next issue some reasons why the in- heritance tax law is just and right. Below we give a quotation from the Grand Rapids Democrat, which slzows how ‘u niversal "tire “tax” ‘has-‘ become, in some form or other: “The bill introduced in the leg- islature by Senator Doran, ‘in re- lation to taxable transfers of prop- erty,’ has had careful examination at the hands of many of the best lawyers of the State and receives unqualified approval. As stated in these columns at the time of its in- troduction, the bill provides for special taxation upon the estates of deceased persons, the taxes to be paid, of course, by the heirs of such estates. The measure is based on the New York law, with such changes as adapt its workings to the legal methods followed in this State. Added interest is given to the popular discussion on the bill by the fact that an effort is mak The county can not go in debt' county roads, except? upon a_vote As to the Salaries’ We do not See of two-thirds of all the supervisors elected, and then to be approved , by a majority vote at any ,«_;eneral for tllfehLlPl1l6n€l]tG’f()::1rnEr tlipn 0,. 1S1pe_(,i,C._]1‘et1e(§-_.fi0n; Din. Sha11t,my any 0. er mem er 0 . e egis a- suc in eie ness :1 any ime turc, especially if he can get one exceed 3 per cent of the valuation 0,. two members of his Own family of the county upon the last pre- ceding assessment roll. . Sum In regard to the next two 1“ The legislatulrefhiiiay I1lOCl1f)(71, - ’ A ' » C1a1]f"G or repea . e powers on if they will stay in Lansing and dutied of the township commis- “do business” well and good, give 51939!‘ Of hlghways *‘~l1d'°Ve1'S99" of highways. “The legislature may pass all , _ necessary laws to carry this amend- Public Instru<_-tion, we regret that ment into effect, . he has been classed with the others. any act or acts passed by the legis- Itoughtto bevoted uponseparately latufe to Carry “I15 '“I119ndn1enl3 into effect shall provide for a county and township system, and _ the county system shall become need 0111‘ ‘D095 111911 £01‘ 3115 Officea operative only in such counties as and they should be remunerated shall adopt it by a_majority vote sufficiently so that they will always E’; the _‘ge0t01‘3t_°f Sflgd Cognty “fig” e sai ques ion as een su - mitted to them by a. two-thirds vote of all the members elect 0; the board of supervisors of suc county, at a general or special “ The excitement over the qucs- election called for that purpose.” It will be noticed that this pro- vides for making the township the road district. , The county may by a vote of and counties may run in debt up two-thirds of the supervisors and to their necks in carrying out the a majority of the voters, make of itself a district for making certain roads to be declared county Provided, that or to anything which will put road iug, in the New York legislature, to increase the tax on inheritance-s in that State. The principle of such a tax is incorporated inthe laws of nearly all the civilized na- tions of the world. The N ew York system is the only one in this country, however, applying to di- rect heirs. Collateral inherilances are taxecl in Vermont, Massachu- setts, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, lllaryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and ‘Vest Virginia, and, at differ- ent times, have been taxed in some of the other states. New Jersey has had its law in operation but a few months. The law of Massa- chusetts was adopted in 1891. I In Pennsylvania, the system has pre- vailed since 1826, and in Maryland it went into effect in 1844. In most of the states, the rate of taxa- tion is five per cent, though in West Virginia and Maryland it is only two and one-half per cent, and in Delaware it is as low as one. per cent, in some specific cases. The tax in New York, and that provided by Senator Doran’s bill is five per cent on collateral inheritances and one per cent on direct. heirs. The benefits to be derived from the system are illustrated in the fact that the estate of Jay Gould paid seven hundred thousand dollars in taxes.” NOTICE. Two copies of the state proceed- ings, 1892, one of the national and one revised list of Michigan County roads are paid for by each Subordinate Grange in the State. Masters and Secretaries who have received them should bear ‘in mind that they are the property iof their Granges and keep them at hand for reference by members. Special notice is called to a few points in the state and national pamphlets, both of which are larger than than usual and contain much valuable matter. I have had sent me extra copies of the re- port of the national Grange com- mittee on education (a very useful paper I judge), and also of the special committee on investment and loan associations. I can fur- nish these upon application until exhausted. The state proceedings include the advertisements of several busi- ness parties and firms who believe in Grange dealing and most of whom do a large business with patrons already. It is hoped Michigan members will correspond with these parties if they have goods you wish. Please mention the advertisement in the minutes if you do so. There is also in this little book a price list of our Grange supplies and an outline of the Farm Home to make a reference book of real value to our Grange and I trust officers will call attention to these points in Grange. Sincerely, J ENNIE BUELL. Secretary/’s Ofiice. ANN ARBOR, Ma1'cIi. 10, 1893. FOR LECTIIIHIRS. To LECTURER or G12.-wois: I send you by mail a package of the Farm-Home Reading Circle circulars. I shall be glad to have you look them over carefully and distribute them to members of your Grange. VVe believe the Work described in the circular is a very important one, and one which will prove of great value‘ to the farmers of the State if they can be interested in it. If your Grange should decide to commence this work, you will find it a great help to you in preparing the programs for the literary meetings. Many Granges have sent for the books, saying that they had decided to ‘Et3filXfl‘.’:f‘I8é"l?h’e"‘-.‘*v“.’2i”l§, while others have ordered the books for their library. The books would be valu- able additions to either Grange or private libraries. Will, you call this matter to the attention of your Grange at an early date? It is my desire to bring those who begin this work into close relations with the Agricultural College. And difficult questions that may be met with in your discussions will be cheerfully answered by the depart- ments of the college in case they are able to give an answer. May I have your help in extending the work of the F arm-Home Reading Circle? Very truly yours, L A. CLINTON, Secreiary. I)0l\"T REPE AL. ROBERT L. HEWITT. A large number of petitions have been sent to the present legis- lature asking for the repeal of the statute providing for the taxation of mortgages, and a number of correspondents of the GRANGE VISITOR are favoring the repeal. In many cases the petitioners, and probably all of the correspondents are farmers. In a few instances boards of supervisors have passed resolutions, apparently Without dis- sent, asking for repeal. I do not doubt that these petitioners and correspondents are making an error, and if they shall but fail of accomplishing their purpose they will, before another legislature meets, see that they are in error. The principle on which the law is based is just, otherwise the princi- ple that all property should bear its proportion of the burthens of taxation is unjust. If this law is repealed and nothing better enacted in its stead, let the repealing act contain a clause declaring that in Michigan no property is taxable except that that cannot be hid from the eyes of the assessor. Let it be distinctly affirmed that the principle. that all property shall bear its Just share of the bur- dens of taxation is abandoned. Let it be frankly admitted that we can find no way of compelling the wealthy to obey righteous laws Grauges in 1893 have been mailed and pay their taxes. Let the re- Reading Circle. The aim has been » much 15, 1893; run enANGE7?'Vis1ToB. peeling act proclaim that we will continue to wage relentless war upon saloon keepers who violate statutes governing the sale of -liquors, but that our courage fails at the very beginning of the battle with capitalists, and we give up the fight. Is it unjust or unkind to class money lenders who violate law and thus escape taxation with saloon keepers who violate law in the selling of liquors? The offense of each is vz'oluti7on of law, this and nothing more. But it is to be hoped better councils will prevail. THE LAW’ SHOULD BE AMENDED, NOT REPEALED. The law as it now reads is un- questionably a fraud, and it is fair to presume, designed] y so. It was the purpose to deceive the people and create a widespread and sense- less demand for repeal, and it has accomplished its purpose. It is not the law asked for by the Grange, or by anybody else, but a law forced upon the people by those not favorable to the taxation of mortgages. The demand was for the California tax law. The -law enacted was mainlv drawn from the California law, leaving out, however. the very important clause prohibiting any agreement by which the debtor should pay the tax. Here is the clause of the Cali- fornia law omitted from the Mich- igan statute: “And every con- tract by which a debtor is obliged to pay any tax or assessment on money loaned, or on any mort- gage, deed of trust, or other lien, shall, as to any interest specified therein, and as to such tax or assessment, be null and void.” The California tax law was enacted in March, 1881. It has stood for "twelve years. The people of that state are satisfied with it. Amend the Michigan statute by inserting the above and the people of this state will be satisfied. It will probably create something of a flurry among capitalists, some threats may be made, but no mat- ter. The demand that mortgages be taxed is just and should be enforced. .. --—.3l-3'3; ?l"i.:'.>.r.:.I.-.ra Field.- Lecturers of Pomona and Subordinate Grziiiges will confer :1 favor, by sending their 1’. 0. ad- dresses to me. that I may be able to send to them direct when desired. T/rsflantz, .-‘llic/I. A. ]. CROSBY, IR. FIELD NOTES. Snows, blows, and stormy weather deranged somewhat the plan of my trip, noticed in a previous number of the Vis- ITOR. And all day and most of the night, Feb. 20th, was taken in getting to Shelby, Oceans. county, so as to be on time at the meeting at 2 p. m., Tuesday, as arranged by our brother, R. H. Taylor, where it was our pleasure to talk to the good people eager to know more of the Patrons of Husbandry, and receive their encouragement in Grange work. Here we made the acquaintance of that noble champion of school and Grange, Bro. D. E. McClure, commissioner of schools for Oceaua county, of whom we have occa- sion to make mention hereafter. Leav- ing this place we go to Sylvan Grange in the evening, meeting them in the school house at Crauston with a good company of their friends and neighbors. The many young people here with their good singing make a pleasant feature in Grange life. Wednesday evening, at Claybanks or Holstine P. 0., we met in the town hall some of the old membership of one of the early Granges of this county and their: neighbors, anxious to have the good work of the Grange go on again in their midst. Thursday evening we found the Shaw school house, in Eldridge township, filled with the good community thereabout and bent on building ‘up a Grange_in their midst, and as we mingled with them were impressed with the feeling that this intelligent people will soon he enlisted in Grange work and enjoying its rich yields of profit and pleasure. In this long ride up here and on to Hesperia next day we were also accompanied by Bro. Nat’n Adams and wife, from Shelby. Many. of our people in other parts of the country little understand the reality of the sleigh rides here, with many fences nearly obscured, snow plowed tracks, with its turn-outs or waiting places, and the constant jeopardy of being upset in three or four four feet of beautiful snow. Example: Boy with his “ best girl” meets loaded team, unhitches the horse, un- loads the cutter. lifts it upon the snow at the side, crowds the horse past, and when the load moves on takes the cutter down, hitches up, loads in and goes on, watching out uotto be caught again. _ Friday noon. after a twenty mile ride, my constant companion, Taylor, and .1 were greeted in the hall of Hesperia Grange by many whose names are famil- iar in these columns. ' _ There is some history of this meeting which I wish to convey to our good peo- ple all around the State, and say, you can and you should profit by their_ good example. D. E. McClure, previously mentioned, who had taught some time in charge of the school at Hesperia, with Bro. A. L. Scott. one of the board of examiners of Newaygo wuuty, ardent workers for the best interest of the rural schools, studied much on means of increasing interest among the patrons of the schools, pupils, and teachers, and of bringing them into closer and more har- monious relations. The former informs us that on assuming the duties of his olfice andlooking over the work in the county, watching results, fancied that great good could be accomplished by a union of Grange and school. He first knocked at the door of the Grange, which was loth to admit him for want of a farm, but once inside he began to cooperate with his companion of Ne- waygo, and together the twain labored. Omitting detail we consider results. A two days’ meeting and the program of ‘Teachers’ and Grange Institute” enlist- ed its performers from all parts of Oceans. and Ncwaygo counties centering upon Hesperia Grange and community to en- tertain them. Here we see the professors having charge of the higher schools from distant parts of the counties, the commissioners and their associate examiners, the teach- ers from the district schools, pupils, parents, and district oflicers all meet- ing on one level, and cemented by the social tie of a grand banquet entertain- ment of 400 people, made possible by the ready communication and organized strength of the Grange, and all in such direct harmony with the principle, pre- cept and practice of our order. Here we find the teachers seeking to attain the highest perfection in their calling bringing to their aid the united counsel of predecessor and associate, drawing the tender influence of home into the child’s daily tasks, dropping that barrier of jealousy to associative strength, partaking of the cooperative wisdom of association to raise the standard of true and more perfect education in home and school. After spending Sunday with him,Bro. M. W. Scott took me about twelve miles to the home of Bro. M. Thompson, and I met with Holtou Grange, which is a re» vival of Alumina No. 585, some six years ago. A contest between sides in this Grange has many new features and may prove equally successful in many others. Mrs. M. M. Thompson, of Holtoii, the Secretary, will give details to those in- quiring. In the main it consists of a competition in products of mind with skill of hands in farm and home, and pro- nounced zi success. Tuesday brings us to Dalton or Silica Grange, where about eighty members, owning a neat new hall and outfit, organ, etc., are the leading enterprise of the community. Wednesday, March 1, Tom F. Rodgers, of the Ravens Times, deputy for Muske- gon county, had us in charge and we met the Grange -in their spacious, fine hall, tastefully furnished and decorated, where so many touches of woman’s hand give a gentle impression of home. Their dining room, kitchen and equipments, with woodhouse, and barn with stalls to bay for about forty horses, speak of that recreation which knows naught of dissi- pation. ‘ . -'.':.:<~h ‘Z. 'l"r-re '-Jae‘. 'rio=,~.,'3.'.i.:,r_ of thii-1 ttir; was held in the large ball of Trent Grange, where we found nearly a dupli- cate of their neighbor before. There being no church in this place the Grange hall is frequently used for funerals and meetings, while the stage at one end with curtains and operatic equipments point to some of the amusements participated in by the bright young people, who com- posed so large a share of our hearers. We leave the large and attentive audi- ences which have greeted us throughout these counties with the conviction that farmers are in the front and that the Grange and its neighbors are cementing the bonds of harmony in the cultivated intelligence of mutual association. Fraternally, A. J. CROSBY, Jr. Ypsilanti. [Program at Hesperia is given under the title of “A Great ll{eeting."——ED J CIIIIEIRING REPORTS FROM THE FIELD. It is really encouraging to read the many letters that come to this oliice from Lecturers, Coiiuty Deputies and Grange workers in every part of the State. Re- organization of dormant Granges, rein- statement of members and new accessions to our ranks seem to be the general order. These communications tell alike of the energy. zeal and perseverance that imbue the efforts of this army of workers who , have unflinchingly faced the storms and ' snow drifts of the past few weeks to pre- pare for meetings and to meet appoint- ments. If so marked a success rewards their labors under such unfavorable circum- stances they should take great courage, and labor on to the time when the storms have past, and causes for disappoint- ments are few. The cause of the farmer is surely ad- vancing. Not with the blare of trumpets and cannon’s boom, but, quietly and firm- ly, the march is onward. The good seed is being planted. the encouraging and in- viting word spoken. couurv DEPUTIES should keep a watchful eye on the work in every locality after the State Lecturer has gone. Every Grauge_shou_ld have revival meetings, at which time the Grange itself should be the topic for conversation and methods discussed whereby membership can be increased and more effective and progressive work done. Every Grange should have a good, active, wide awake REVIVAL couuirrsn. It should consist of at least six members, including the young and the middle aged brothers and sisters. It should be their duty to solicit, work and talk. for the up- building of the Grange. cannon: MEETINGS. There is no secret (if such it may be called) thatcounts so effectively in the line of success in general_Grange work as to provide all members with souie work to perform. Where persons have i_i duty to do and can feel that aresponsibility rests on their own shoulders, they are very apt l to become interested and if the entire‘ membership can be absorbed, in oflices and committees so much the better. The regular oliices will take the atten- tion of thirteen members. The executive, finance and charity committees will take nine more. Then add chorister, organist, librarian and curator. if the Grange is so fortunate as to have a place for them all. and four more are furnished with work. Then appoint a committee on socials and entertainments, to arrange for and call at their option such socials, etc. (outside of Grange meetings), as they think best. This will be a source of revenue to the (grunge, and will please the young mem- ers. If you have a kitchen with dishes and table fixtures, you want a committee to take good care of them, you want a com- mittee on woman’s work. This com- mittee should visit every district school in the jurisdiction of the Grange mem- bership, at least once each school term and report to the Grange. Then add the revival committee. Do this and with all working in their sphere you will have a live Grange and some forty or fifty fur- nished a positive work to perform. CORR ESPON DENCE SOLICITED. It is needless for me to tell you that my daily list of letters received and sent out is a large number. I am however so much interested and anxious to hear from the field that every letter is a welcome visitor. I read and study each one care- fully and answer to the fullest extent of my ability. - I most earnestly ask and urge any and all members who want any information or assistance in any way regarding Grange work to write me. In this way I can be- come acquainted and talk with all of you. G. B. HORTON. ANOTHER REUNION. Flat Rock Grange celebrated its fif- teenth anniversary on Tuesday, March 7, at the home of Brother John Wells. Between fifty and sixty were present to participate in the festivities of the gayl. 'Ih‘he forerioon vlvéis spent 15!’ Vlgléillifi u re earsing ‘yeo en imes. o’clock a bountiful repast was served, to which all did ample justice. Afterwards the following program was rendered: Call ‘to order. Prayer worthy chap- lain. Song of Victory, by Grange; address by worthy master; select read- ing, Sister Ada Parish; “Our Grange, its History,” paper by worthy secretary; "Fair_Song,’ by Libbie Hood, a little girl eight years old; “Our Grange, its Benefits,” response by Brother W. N. Perry of VVil_low Grange; recitation, Sis- ter Ella Parish;b“Ourt(1:‘rrange, its Suc- cess, response y wor yoverseer; song, f‘BrLnging in”the Sheaves;" "Our Grange, its Failures, response by worthy chap- lain; select reading, Sister S. Parish; “Our Grange, How to improve,” response by Brother,G. Welle; music, violin and “Horse s Chin,” Brother 0. A. Berry and “Uncle Bi;” “Our Grange, Duties of Members,” response by worthy lec- turer; select__ reading, Sister Libbie Par- PLANTS, Roses! Oi-namentals, etc. at half Agents prices See oiii-‘offer of $9 collection for $4.00. JAY (EULD, Bill Nye, and 40,000 others are our patrons. Deal di- rect with the roducer. Established 1875. See Duu's Commercial ports. Send for free Catalogue and copy of Grccnhr Fruit Grower (100,000 readers). with DEW 5‘01'Y= “H0leYm n n. Fruit Farm.” GREEll’S NURSERY 'i:'ii.°nocHEsiEli. ii.i_r. NEW AND CHOICE SEED POTATOES MY SPECIALTY. Beautiful Illustrated Catalogue, containing an Elegant Colored Plate and splendid Premium Ofier mailed Free on application. Patrons of Husbandry favored with ii liberal discount. Write for my catalogue and saythat you are ii Patron. ' ‘E. H. VICK, Rochester, N. Y. (MEMBER or l’lTl‘Sl‘0lIl) iiitiiliir, to. 424.) |llcUBATORsa..a3RooDERs Brooders_ only 86-00. 1200 testimonials. premiums, medals. and diplomas. Best machine ever invented for batch- ing 1! raising lhL£klb.¢ll!'kP]I I diirlu. For Iauloguonddnufieo. uiIg¢r,lhldlIgtou,0. FLINT NORMAL COLLEGE AND BUSINESS INSTITUTE Is the place to Educate your Boys and Girls. Semi for Year Book. (l. E. SW.lllTll0lIT. I. ll., Principal. In writing mention Tar: Gamoi: VISITOR. Acting Excelsior Spraying Outfits. Best ~ in lho market. ‘Thousands in ustf. Catalogue describ- ingal inserts injuri u t fruit-. mailed Free. 0 S 0 ,,WM.$lAHL,0uilltj:lll‘ s WE WILL SEND A Copy of the Famous Book 'iJn;“’C;n‘i 'E'rnani:ss,' ’ri="fipi;nia-‘oy wor ...;;,‘ i treasurer; song by Grange, “Slipping Away;" quotations by members; recita- tion, Brother G. A. Wells; remarks by charter members and others; closing song, "God be with you till we meet again.” The program was listened to with good attention and proved full of inter- est as many past reminiscences were brought to mind. Altogether the meet- ing proved an enjoyable one and one which will not be easily forgotten. All expressed themselves as well pleased with the day, and departed wishing may repetitions of the same. W. G. P. GOOD TIME TO FEED IIOGS. Secretary Rusk of the Department of Agriculture says the farmers in all parts of the country are inquiring as to the probable profit of feeding corn to hogs at present prices. He desires to state that the prospect of large returns from judicious hog feeding has seldom been as bright as now. In average years it takes about nine pounds of hogs, live weight, to bring the price of a bushel of corn. This year five pounds brings as much as a bushel of com. If ten pounds of pork are made from a bushel of corn, which may be taken as a fair re- turn, then the present prices of hogs would make corn bring about eighty-five cents a bushel if fed to these animals, which is about twice as much as it is quoted at Chicago markets. When the advance in price came farmers sold their breeding stock, which cannot be replaced for at least two years. Secretary Rusk therefore thinks it is perfectly safe to feed hogs under the present conditions until they are fully matured, as the shortage of hog products and the unre- stricted foreign markets for inspected meats offer the best possible guarantee for good prices. The Hand-Made llarness 60.. OF STRNTON, IVIICH’. E. D. HAWLEY, Pres. WM. H. OWEN, Treas. 0. Moon, Sec‘:/. Retail their own make of goudsut wholesale price. We make a specialty of $20 doubletoam work har- ness and $10 single harness. We guarantee satis- faction, and prepay freight on fiye sets. By per- mission we refer to Hon. H. H. Hinds, of Stanton. G. BYRON STONE Specialist Veierinaru in _.-A surlleru Olivct, Eaton Co., Mich. I make a specialty of Castrating th6_ ling Horse, and S aying_the Kicking Mare. I Castrate olts without the use of ropes, cords, clamps or, fire grous- Spay all kinds of domestic animals, Capon Fowls; Dehorn Cattle, File Horses’ Teeth and I will _811Y d1§t3n‘-1° provided a club of su cient size _ia secured to pay me. I guarantee satis- faction in all cases as to charges Write BLACK BEAUTY in goo: niper binding. to any one sending us One New Full-Year Subscription GRANGE VISITOR. Lansing, Mich FOR SALE. In the famous fruit belt of Michigan. Oceans county. Farm 200 acres. 180 cleared, two farm houses. three barns. two graneries, two good wells, 200 apple trees bearing, 100 bearing plums, 800 plums one to three years out. No waste land, and all heavy grass, grain or plum and pear land. Ore and one-half miles from court house in Hart the county seat. Forty acres, fair house, good packing house wind engine and good water. Four thousand trees planted from two to ten years. Peach, plum, apricot, apple and cherry. Sold 2,000 baskets peaches in 1892. One and one-half miles from water transportation. E. D. RICHMOND. HART, OOEANA UO..MICH. Address, Diamond Crystal Sal!" Especially recommended for use in butter intended for long keeping. Butter Salt in 14, 56, and 224 pound bags. Table Salt in 3 pound box, 25-6 5, and 10 pound pockets. Ask Your Grocer for if Hatch chlckens by steam. IMPROVEQNEXCELSIOB INCUBITDB ill do it. Thousands in successful ope?‘ ntioii. Sim I—_ P»rm-r.u..lN.)/1I.'o«,..;..m;-i — Lowest-pnced firs!-class Ratchsr mums. ,a',_'.°fl_L Guaranteed to hiitch n lurker nercsnvafla ‘L send 6°_ 19: jun; Uaulug (13.0. 11. §'I'AI|L. Quint)‘. IIL DO YOU READ any of the following papers and mag: zines? If so you can make money by sending to us, thus getting the VISITOR for nothing in some cases, and in some instances you can get a first-class mag- azine and the VISITOR for less than the price of the magazine. Send cash with order. Remember that if you subscribe now you get the Vrsrroa until January 1, free. AGRICULTURAL PAPERS. Regu— Price list with price. Visitor. American Agriculturist. - . $1.50 $1.50 Ohio Farmer __________ __ 1.00 1.35 Farm News ____________ _ _ 25 66 Western Rural, with Market Review ______ __ 2.25 2.25 Prairie Farmer- - _ _ _ - -_ .- 1.00 LN Breeders’ Gazette ...... _ _ 2.00 2.00 Farmers’ Review _______ - _ 1.% 15) Country Gentleman (state if new ______________ __ 2.50 2.50 Orange udd Farmer _ __, 1.00 1.2) Green’s Fruit Grower____ 50 75 Practical Farmer ______ _- 1.00 1.25 The Farm Journal _____ - - 50 70 MAGAZINES. Atlantic Monthly ______ _- 4.00 3.70 Cosmopolitan __________ - _ 3.00 3.00 Harper’s Monthly _____ _ _ 4.00 3.50 “ Bazar ________ _ - 4.00 ‘L70 “ Weekly ______ _ _ 4.00 3.70 “ Young People __ 2.00 2.00 North American Review. 5.00 4.50 Scribner’s_--_-___-_-____ 300 3.00 Century _______________ _- 4 00 4.00 Review of Reviews ____ _ . 2.50 2.75 The Forum ____________ _ _ 5,00 4.50 Popular Science Monthly- 5.00 5.00 MISCELLANEOUS. Detroit Free Press, weekly 1.00 1.2) Detroit Tribune “ 1.00 1.00 Grand Rapids Democrat weekly _______________ _ - 1.00 1.10 Youth’s Companion (new names) ______________ - _ 1.75 1.75 Scientific American ____ _- 3.00 3.00 The Independent ______ __ 3.00 3.00 The Christian Union____ 3.00 3.00 The Congregationalist- _ (Lansing) ____________ _ . l.50 1.50 The Moderator ________ - . 1.50 1.50 New York Tribune ____ -_ 1.00 1.11) Favorite Lines to the Summer Resorts or Northern Michigan V---- -. ' “‘:‘;’..‘.\f.P.ir,s.I.~; UITY ELK RAPIDS CHARLEVOIX PETOSKEY BAY VIEVV MACKINAC ISLAND and TRAVERSE BAY RESORTS CHICAGO and WEST MICHIGAN RAILWAY DETROIT LANSING and NORTHERN RAILROAD The West Michigan is now in opera- tion to Bay View, and is the ONLY ALL RAIL LINE T0 GHARLEVOIX Through sleeping andparlor car ser- vice from Chicago, Detroit, Lansing and Grand Rapids to Petoskey and Bay View. THE SCENIC LINE Over forty miles of beautiful lake and river views north of Traverse City. Try it when you go north this summer FRANK TOWNSEND, GEO. DEHAVEN. Agent. _L3115 118’ Gen’1 Pass’r Agt., Grand Rapids. .oln Careless Pear TREES- E glint Ja an. Golden Russet, Idaho, eauty, and others. I S Japan M ‘Ii. Success. Adyunpo. T Chestnuts. J span. Persian. 1‘-nshflll Walnuts. Pficlans. etc-Lauri engnus , um orange. Vllinelaerrles. June‘ etc. 1 ‘Strnwbe I . u of fertile egizsat less cost than any ill bur ‘ Rasp Blnckberu ....... Letter. i .8 I!!!) I1 00 n . . & SON J S c°LLI“$n00I'eGlAII'I. N. J» Jurriint. App r .SInd Cstslosllea I893. GIRHRD, IVIICI-IIG1-IN. for circular. We Are The Only Firm Giving to customers cash discounts on order\sv We d catalogue that best of all hush beans, the ?|'_l’¢n. at} that best of all early peas. the 1‘-X“ 51",“ ‘’ other Seed Catalogue, of America or Europe, - contains so greats variety ofssveral of the stand- . ard vngetables, and, iii a diiioii, gigs many choice varieties peculiarly our‘ Owlllffl lllvllgla 93%? .. ' t.L ower see c a - :eiitltoui'hceaiVaT§:u1e‘l‘f‘laI“l}E to all. The 1 rec ' lyupon it warrants st ill hold Rood, andour customers ma re rhatllie well ijarncd reputation of our seed for Ire. sline ss an ‘ puxity will continue to be ziiarrled as a most precious P3” ' 0urc:iPl13l- GEO. J1. RUSSELL; J. J. H. GREGORY & SON. Marblehead. M355- BREEDER OF FUF6-BT60 H6l“6l0l°ll Gfltlilt YOUNG STOCK FOR SALE. F I 1 a 6 ran onanign vrsrro-in. MARCH 15, 1893. Ladies’ Deparfmenf. A SCI-IOOLROOM IDYL. How plainly I remember all! The desks deep-scored and blackened. The row of blackboards ‘round the wall. The hum that never slackened; And, framed about by map and chart, And casts of dusky plaster, That wisest head and warmest heart, That kindly old schoolmaster! I see the sunny corner nook His blue-e "ed daughter sat in, A rosy, fair-haired girl, \vho took VVith us her French and Latin. How lon in ly I watched the hours For 01 enfiorf and Caesar! And how I fought with Tony Powers The day he tried to tease her! And when, one dzw, it took the “ Next!" To stay some Gallic slaughter, Because I quite for "ct the text In smiling at his iiau hter, And she and I \vere “ liept till fnnr To study. after closing." VVe stopped the (‘lock an hour or more Vhile he, poor man, was dozing! And there he sits. with bended head. 0’er some old volume wring. (Or so he thinks; if truth c said He's fast asleep and snoring), And where the shaded lampliglit pl:1_vs - Across the cradle's rocking, My schoolmate of the olden (lays Sits, mending baby’s stocking. —CHARl.ES B. Goxxc. in the hlnrch l.mizc.-‘ [Imm- journal. HOW TO DISINFECT ROOMS AND CLOTHING AFTER INFECTIOUS DISEASES. HELEN L. MANNING. I have been asked to prepare two or three articles for your readers giving some hints and directions as to nursing and some of the simple modes of treatment adapta- ble to home use which are so suc- cessfully practiced in the Battle Creek Sanitarium. As thorough disinfection after contagious dis- eases cannot be over estimated and is so little understood, I will begin with that. Even the ordinary prac- titioner, though he may understand the subject himself, is very care- less about instructing his patrons how to clean up and disinfect after infectious diseases so that the house and premises will be entirely safe for others, that there shall be no more fresh cases, and it may be, no more deaths. Some of them call fumigation all nonsense, but all well educated physicians and lanitarians know that too much pains cannot be taken to prevent the spread of disease. A patient suffering from any in- fectious disease should be at once completely isolated together with the nurse in charge. There should be no (ii.3:4=._<3t___.communication be- tween"‘:‘I‘s.-;< room an , of the house. If a ubwarihefweeii, paste it up carefully. Take what- ever is needed to an outside door or passage way and leave it in such a way that the nurse can get _it without personal contact. Serve her meals in this way and whatever she has to say, let it be said at long range out of doors, if possible, If the mother is to serve as nurse. it may be very hard for her to be entirely separated from the other members of the family, but not so hard as it would be to see them taken down with the same disease and have them to nurse with all the dread uncertainties as to results. Whenever it is possible, all the children who are well should be sent entirely away to the house of other friends and remain there un- til complete convalescence and thor- ough disinfection can be secured. The quarantine should be kept up after recovery until it is certain that whoever acts as nurse is not going to come down with the same disease. Before going among peo- le, complete disinfectant baths should be taken by both convales- cent and nurse, even to the washing of the hair. A solution of bi-chlor- ide of mercury (corrosive subli- mate), one to five thousand in strength, is the most thorough, but borax or boracic acid will answer pretty well. Bi-chloride of mer- cury is a deadly poison, and as it is colorless, odorless and almost taste- less, it is very dangerous to have around except in the hands of very careful persons. Only the other day I read of a man who handed a glassful to his sick wife, supposing it to be water, and she drank enough to kill her directly. The next step is to disinfect the room. It is essential to burn enough sulphur to insure the death of all germs and here is where many fail who profess to rigid cleanliness after disease or death in 9. house. Dr. J. H. Kellogg says that four pounds to every one thousand cubic feet of air are none too much and the same quantity is recommended by Prof. Pasteur. The directions as given by Dr. Kellogg are as follows: “After the cracks about doors and windows have been pasted up with strips of paper, take a large dish- pan about 9. third full of water, place 9. flat plate in the bottom and on this set a kettle containing the proper quantity of sulphur flour mixed with an equal bulk of pul- verized charcoal. Then turn alco- hol or benzine over the mixture, ignite it, and get out of the room as speedily as possible. The object of using water is that the heat of the kettle may cause evap- oration and send moisture out in the room; the spores are very ten- acious of life, and dry sulphur fumes are not sufficient to kill them. In the dry state the prod- uct is simply oxide of sulphur, but when water is added, we have sul- phurous acid which is powerful enough to kill the spores as well as the germs. Let the room re- mained closed for about twenty- fourhours. It should then be left open to air for another twenty-four hours, and then thoroughly cleansed, the furniture washed with a disinfectant solution, the walls newly kalsomined or papercd and the woodwork covered with new paint.” Clothing and bedding which have been exposed to the contagion should be loosely shaken out and disposed on chairs that the sulphur fumes may penetrate every part. VVashable clothing from the bed or the patient should be soaked for six hours before being sent to the laundry, either in a solution of cor- rosive sublimate, one to one thou- sand, or in a two per cent solution of carbolic acid. or a strong solu- tion of white vitriol may be used. It must not be forgotten that all these are poisonous and that the corrosive sublimate is especially deadly. Disinfection should be employed after scarlet fever, measles, diph- theria, typhoid fever, consumption, erysipelas and other germ diseases and every room in which the patient has been should be so treated. Sometimes when a child is not very sick, say with scarlet fever, the mother will thoughtlessly give the little one full range of all the liv- ing rooms instead of confining it to one room. This is apt to be the case when the convalescent is “scaling off”—by far the most contagious period of the disease. Then every room and every article of clothing and upholstery, carpets, d the,(_s"”1'etc., must be disinfected by burn- ing sulphur as described above, and every book and paper used or handled must be burned no matter what its value. Such sacrifices are small compared with risk to prec- ious human lives. The germs of scarlet fever are specially tenacious of life and cases have been traced to clothing which had been laid away for years. An uncarpeted room, Very plainly furnished, is the best in any case of acute illness, for obvious rea- sons. The Sanitarium, Battle Creek. GARDENS. ANNA L. FELLOWS. The right to till the soil is the priceless heritage of all men, and a love for this “ primal occupation” is inherentin mostof men. Sooner or later it makes itself known and contentment follows its gratifica- tion. When did Jefferson find greater happiness than at Monti- cello? And where does the “Grand Old Man” take more pleasure than among his noble trees at Ha- warden? If it is true that men as they advance in years grow to be more like their mothers, we can account somewhat for the philosopher, the poet, the statesman, the scientist developing in old age a. greater love for Mother Earth. In a. plot of ground there are great possibilities. For dateless ages the garden has had much to do with the shaping of all lives. To the ancient Aztec, to be de- prived of tlie use of his garden plot it meant first, starvation or working another’s for what the occupant chose to pay; second, the wooden collar; third, the sacrifi- cial block and more smoking hearts cast upon the altars. ; Making fruitful garden of waste places, tilling and reclaiming the soil makes civilization possible and such barbaric customs a thing of the past. If the garden cover acres of ter- ritory its possibilities are many, if but small they are not few. In a. small garden there is occupation and solace. It can give strength to the flaccid muscles, good blood to the brain, health to the dyspep- tic, while it brings forth flowers, fruits and vegetables. ' Fresh fruits and vegetables are not small returns for the gardener. Eat the strawberry or grape just from the vine, then those that have been picked 24 or 12 hours even and you can appreciate what fresh fruit is. Fresh ripe apples contain a larger percentage of phosphorus than any other fruit or vegetable, so says a German analyst, and phosphorus renews the essential nervous matter of the spinal cord and brain. I wonder did not the ancient Scandinavians know some- thing of this when they represented the apple as the food of gods, who, when they began to grow feeble ate the fruit to renew their mental and physical powers. Speaking of these “outlandish” folk brings to mind how many foreigners we meet in our home “ kitchen garden.” Familiar faces they have but how far from their native land. That apricot tree I see from my window, that in this lake bound climate has brought forth blossoms but never fruit as yet, is adopted, not a native, for apricots came into Britain with Caesar. The peony came from Macedonia, the common variety, while a few varieties came from Ho Hango. The rhubarb, or pie- plant, came from the banks of the Volga, or as it was known to the ancients, Rah, from which it is thought to have derived its name. When we see tulips they recall Holland but they originally came from the Levant. Hollyhocks came from Syria. Parsley is a native of the eastern Mediterra- nean region, while beans are still found wild in Persia. Beans have been cultivated in all ages. In olden times they were used for ballots, the white aflirmative, the black negative. Pythagoras urged abstinence from beans and the Egyptian priests considered the sight of them unclean. Peru, the land of the Incas, is regarded as the native home of the tomato. The cherry is of Asiatic origin, brought into Italy about 70 B. C., by Lu- cullus. And who does not know that in all lands and in all times there are and have been roses. Thus our gardéiis take us across oceans and continents, back through a score of centuries and while they delight us and minister to our needs, connect us with the past as nothing else can. But it is not alone what the garden grows that makes it such a never failing source of interest, but also how it grows it. Every year chemists and botanists are telling us something new about plant life and food but the soil has many secrets yet to be learned. Dr. J. E. Taylor, in a recent article says: “ Half the secrets of Mother Earth are not yet known. When they are we shall know bet- ter how to treat the aged but ever youthful Mater. We shall apply nitrate of soda with a less generous hand as well as muriate of soda, potash, etc. Stimulants to plant growth runningcrops up like over- grown children to be the victims of vegetable epidemics. * * * “ VVe shall learn that a too gener- ous supply of plant food is as bad as making aweakly man devour half a dozen meat meals a day.” Perhaps we thought our garden was all visible to the naked eye, forgetting what was going on be- neath the surface. Indeed gard- ener, ‘Know thy garden,’ is no light command. Schoolcraft. BUTTER MAKING. Read by Mrs. J. W. Lawrason at Gladwin Farm- ers‘ Institute, January 11, 1893. There are several requisites nec- essary for perfect success in butter making. First, good cows. Grade cows often prove as profitable as high priced thoroughbreds. The next thing in order after selecting good cows is_a. good tempered, kind hearted man to care for them. Some men do not seem to realize that cows have dispositions or feel- ings. _ Some cows are of a sensitive, nervous nature, and do not like loud talking and confusion while bein milked. The pasture or feed shou d be of the very best with plenty of V good clean water. A kind man is kind to his beast, and all these things should be attended to carefully. Men should not milk with dirty hands, nor allow the fine dust that is on the cow’s udder to drop in the pail with the milk. The yard or stable where cows are milked should be clean, as the warm milk must of necessity imbibe all the unpleasant odors that come from an unclean stable orbarnyard; the butter maker may be cleanli- ness itself in her butter making, it avails but little if all of the above requirements are not carried out. I would advise an out of doors milk room, and my experience teaches me that the best results are obtained by the creamery process, as a much better and more uniform article of cream and butter can be produced than in any other way. The Creamery with its ventilated deep setting cans in cold water or ice keeps milk sweet and cool and free from any foreign substance, and the thunder storm, the one thing so much dreaded by those using pans, never has any bad effect. I also think this is the cheapest way to make butter as it is the least laborious. The milk from eight or ten cows can be cared for in a much better way in the same time that it takes to care for the milk of two or three ‘ cows with with pans. But good butter can be made by using medium sized milk pans. Slat shelves are best, a good circulation of air in the milk room, towels and cloths sacred to the use of milk things, and the but- ter produced would compare favor- ably with creamery butter. The closest attention should be given as to the proper time to skim milk; 24 hours is usually a sufficient length of time for cream to rise properly in pans. Now in making butter I think that ordinarily there is a great loss from not properly mixing and mak- ing the diiferent skimmings of cream uniformly ripe before churn- ing; sweet cream and sour should never be mixed just before churn- ing, as the sweet cream churns harder, therefore is likely to be lost in the buttermilk. The cream should have ventilation, and be stirred occasionally. Three days is as long as cream can be kept for butter of good quality. I believe more butter is spoiled by keeping the cream too long before churning than from any other cause. The success of the process of churning depends much on the temperature of the cream. Before the churning, begins the cream should be brought‘ to the proper temperature as follows: 60° in summer and 64° to 66° in win- ter. I prefer the barrel churn and butter worker as they preserve the grain of the butter. The butter should be thoroughly rinsed and fine dairy salt sprinkled through it and worked but little, then set away for six or eight hours, worked again, being careful not to work it too much. If the butter is to be packed, glazed crocks are the best for that purpose. In packing but- ter to be kept any great length of time, much care must be taken in keeping it free from air. The best method I know of is to fill the crock within about an inch from the top, cover with 9. cloth dipped in melted butter, fill with salt and tie down. CAN WOMEN BE SAVED! “This crinoline move is atro- cious, but I guess it’ll come, women will do it!” This is man’s verdict; while many a feminine supplement ex- claims: “I know it, I just wish every paper in the country would make war upon it and keep us from it. It’ll be horrid!” It is so funny. this daring of (lame fashion to cage us in crino- line on the verge of the world’s fair, and all the wits of the papers crying out at us, "you know you’ll look hideous, but you can’t help it.” Most of this hoop-skirt twaddle goes to prove no progress has been made in woman's dress or in breaking away from the ugly and uncomfortable styles. May we not have an expression of opinion on this matter from the practical every- day women who must make up the readers of such a. paper as this? Do not women and girls as a rule dress; more comfortably, sensibly and tastily than twenty-five years ago? I do not mean fashion lead- ers but the “ordinary run” of women. Think of the changes in the making of babies’ clothing; of the “common sense” and spring heel shoes for children and ladies; of the union undergarments; the re- duced number of underskirts, even to substitutes or none at all; the blouse and shirt waists and those “outing” suits. Many of these modes make no change in one’s outer appearance but are everything to comfort. Not the least of these is the happy thought of hanging the dress skirt on a waist, a device so simple the wonder is it was not invented sooner. How common is the de- veloped waist among public speak- ers and reciters and the artistic dress that allows it. To my mind the number of girls and women is daily increasing who more or less are changing their clothing to induce ease and grace while they retain the beauties and general features of the ruling style. How far they will yield to crino- line remains to be seen, and does not alter my claim to the advance they have made. VVhat think others of this‘? MRS. G. R. L. COLUMBIAN CLUBS. The papers and magazines have been so full of Columbian litera- ture that material is plenty and information readily accessible. As the theme is so well worn, and the winter so far under Way, the study of the life and times of the Great Discoverer may be disposed of at a couple of meetings. The first thing to do is to arrange a scale of topics something after this fashion; “ Birth and Early Life of Colum- bus;” “ Youth and Manhood of Columbus;” “ The Theories of Co- lumbus;” “Opinions of Geograph- ers and Navigators of the Period;” “ The Court of the Spanish King;” or “ Queen Isabella and King Fer- dinand;” “The Great Discovery;” “ Subsequent Voyages;” “ The Closing Scenes of Columbus’ Life.” These topics may be made to cover everything in the history of Colum- bus, and one should be assigned to each member of the club, to study and prepare either paper or dis- course upon. It is well to limit the time, say ten, not over fifteen minutes, to avoid prolixity. You can tell a good deal in ten minutes, and two meetings certainly should discover America. Next, take up the Exposition; its early inception and beginning. \tions and colonies than..._1..,, make exhibits. We would suggest therefore that the time be spent in gaining, as much as possible, an idea of the significance of the stat- uary and adornments of the build- ings, and giving the rest of it to learning what is going to be ex- hibited. And we know of no bet- ter method of doing this than by general reading and study of the papers and magazines, especially those published in Chicago, which of course give a good deal of space to matters pertaining to the Expo- sition. If a dozen people are en- gaged in looking up information on a certain subject a vast amount can be obtained, which classified and arranged, will do II1l1Cl1 toward aiding us to see what we are most particularly interested in seeing. It was often remarked after the Centennial Exposition at Philadel- phia, how few of those who attend- ed were able to give any account of what they had seen; they had brought away only a confused idea, impressions having crowded out impressions till only a miscellane- ous jumble remained in memory. To study the Columbian Exposi- tion in its entirety. the whole six months would need to be given to it; few of us can afford that luxury and the best plan will be to obtain an idea of what there is to see, de- cide what is most in harmony with our tastes, and spend the greater part of the time in intelligent study of those things, after, of course, obtaining 9. general outline of the whole. And the whole, like P. T. Barnum’s circus, is going to be “the biggest show on earth.”- Household Supplement Michigan Farmer. The most conspicuous feature of the Review of Reviews for March is a study of the recent course of American general politics as interpreted by the careers of four public men who have recently passed away —namely, Messrs. Blaine, Lamar, Hayes and Butler. The article is by Prof. H. P. Judson, of the Chicago University, who is head dean of the university colleges and a thorough student of American history and politics. It is interesting to note the broad and hopeful tone of I’rofessor_Iudson’s dis- cussion. One may suspect that he is a. Republican in politics, but his article is almost wholly free from bias. He hasa warm side for Mr. Blaine, particularly for the broad conceptions and aims of Mr. Blaine’s later years. It is rather late in the daywtggins to be an exhaustive study pfe '00 Say nothing those. unis: ...,.,,, *1 I \ ~ v~.n.-«- ..i«.... v -..) «fie, FHE GRANGE VISITOR. MARCH 15, 1893. =. 7 THE SILO. tivafon We use the Albion spring dlies. Adulteration may be carried on to so is a book containing illustrations, prices and t°°th- which P193595 “S W911 i’i.'§','f..?§ §.‘.i§i’.§ Lil?‘ if§.d.‘3i.iZi."i?.iffiff§f£ descriptions of 30,000 articles in common use, a book that will show you at a glance if you are paying too much for the goods you are now buying, WORTH AN%’THiNG TO YOU’? 5 CE§\§T§3 in stamps re- quired to pay postage or express charges on a is it worth the "3 copy? THE BUYERS GUIDE AND CATALOGUE (issued every March and 83-ptember) is the book we are talking about; you are not safe without a copy of the latest edition the house. MONTGOMERY WARD 6’. 60., I I I to I I6 Michigan Ave., Chicago. In writing mention THE GRANGE VISTIOB. OFFICIAL DIRECTORY Oficers National Grange. MAB'I‘EB—J. H. BRIG]-[AM ________ _.Delta, Ohio 0VERSEF.B—E. W. DAVIS ____ “Santa Rosa, Cal. LEO'I‘UH.EB-—MORTIMER WHITEHEAD _______ __ 1615 Q. St., N. W., Wasliingtoin. D. C. SmwAni>—A. E. PAGE ____ ..Appleton City, lilo. Ass‘T S'X‘EWARD-O. E. HALL_.__.Pawuee, Nab. CEAPL.uN—CHAS. MC‘7ANlELu,NewHzimpshi§e R 1, Tnisz/isuxi:ii.—F. M. McDOWEL.Penn Yan. N. . SECRETARY-JOHN TRIMBLE,Washington, D.C GATE Kii:EPEi1~W. H. NELSON, ____ ._Tennessee CERES-MRS. J. H. BRlGl'lAM,._,_Delta, Ohio POMONI-\—MRS. E. BOWEN _______ __(‘.onnect._icut FLOBA—MRS. E. I’. WILSON. .-.__lllii-isissippi LADY Ass"i' S'rnw’D—l\.IRS. N. B. DOUGLASS._ Sherborn, Mass. Executive Committee. LEONARD RHONE..Cent.er Hall. Pennsylvania J, . WOODM.-KN. .___.._..Pziw Paw, Michigan X. X. CIIARTIERS ___ edericksburg, Virginia Committee on Woman's Work in the Grange. MRS. H. H. VVOODMAN._.Pa.w Paw, Michigan MKS. C. ELECTA BOWEN, Woodstock, (Tomi. MRS. E. W. DXVIS, Santa. Rosa. California Oflicers Michigan State Grange. hIASTER—~G. B. HORTON. _Fi-uit. Ridge Ovimsicim-III. T. (‘OLE . ... _ . Liwrumm——A. J. CROSBY, JB._ S'.l'EWARD—-A. P. GR- Ass"r STEWAKD—J. H. MARTIN. Box Rapids CHAPLAIN—l\IARY A. MAYO__ Battle Creek TREASD’RER—E. A. S'I‘Rt)NG_. _Vicksburg SEcB.E'1‘ARY—JENNlE BUELL __ _Ann Arbor GATE KEEPisi2—GEO. L. CARLIS CERES—MARY C. ALLIS " —MRS A. ST CLA ..Berrien Center _Coldwater . _ . _SI.anton R. H. TAYLOR. PERRY MAYO ‘ _ _ G. B. HORTU Bruit Ridge JENNIE BUELL, Ann Arbor Committee on Woman’s Work in the Grange. Mrs, Mary Sherwood Hinds ____________ .. Stanton Mrs. Mary A. Mayo ......... .. ...Bat_tle (‘reek Migg 0, J. Carpenter _______________ _. Dimondale General Deputy Lecturers. MAR! A. MAYO ________________ -.Bati3le Creek HON. J. J. WOODMA aw Paw HON. L‘. G. LUI foldwater HON. PERRY MAYO. _Battle Creek HON. THOS. MARS..- .Beri-ien Center JASON W()ODMAN.._ ____Paw Paw A. D. BANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-..Lan=ung 0, L. WHITNEY ___________________ __Muskeg0n County Deputies. D, H. Stebbins _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ __ Atwood, Antrim Co. C, V I\"ish_ __ __Bloomingtl:ile. Allcgun “ ________ _, Illlllllll, Bcnzie “ .. _____Dowling, Burr James I). Sttltlluy _______ "Union City, Branc i “ R, V. (,‘l-ark _ _ _ _ . . _ _ . _ _ _ _,Buclianaii, Iicrrien “ k \V. Enncrt __ _ , _ _ _ __St. Johns, I'linton “ Iary A. .\1ayo_ _ _Battlc Creek, Ciilhouii “ Wm. Cl'.irk.. . .. ._ .Charicvoix, Chzirlcvoix “ Mrs. Bina \Viley_ _ ._____C‘.J..\50l)UllS. Cass “ A. D. Bank _._ l.an.~iiig, Eziton “ __ Alina, CII‘.’ltlO[ “ shin , Cvencsec “ E. 0. Ladd_, n, Gran Trzivcrse " Mrs. E. D. A kes_ __\\'he:ttlund, llillsdzilc “ D, H, English ___________ __ Clniiitller, IOHIH. “ F. VV. lI:tvcns__._ ___.Fitchburg, Ingliam “ J. A. Courtriglit___ ,___,Duck Lake, Jackson “ Robert Dockery ___. ..... _.Rockford, Kent “ J. T. Cobb ________.Schoolcr:ift, Kalamzizoo “ James Grcasen __..__._,.Knlk:isk'.i, Kztlkaska “ Hiram Bradshaw. _ .North Bruncli, Lupecr " Fred Dean _______ Brighton, Livingston E. ‘.',-'. Allis ____________ __ Adrian, Lciizuvee " Geo. II. Li=.ster__. . __Cryst.'il, .\lnntc2ilm “ D. R. Van Ainhi-.-rg, Bear Lake, Mnnistce “ Jessie E. \\ illiums Big Rzipids, l\IC(ObIIl J. S. Lawson , __ Disco, Mzicomb Isaac Russell __ John Passmore ,_ Flat Rock, .\lonr0e " Ruvennit, Muskcgon VV. W’. (,':trti:r,._ ,_._Aslil2ind. Newziygo “ Robert Alward __ lludsonvillc, ()tta\va “ R. H. '|':iylor ___. _ _ , _ __Sli::lhy, ()CC:ll].’L “ D Murlin ___ __ Vernon, Siiiu cc “ _____ __l[zirtsu£f, b't.(, ir “ __Centcivilli.-, St. J ‘P _Birch Run, S',;in_:i\v “ Geo. ]:dw.ir s _ _ M G, Kerr _ _ _ _ _ A _ _ , _ ._(.‘2irsorivillc, zunlzic “ Helen A. Fiskc _L:i\vrI.-ncc, Van Huron “ John E. \\‘ilcux ,I’lyinouth, Wayne “ John A. ‘\IcI)0u 'il2iiiti, \\'aslitcn:.w “ R. C. Norris _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ __C:l(‘llll‘.lC, \\'cxford " Revised List. of Grange supplies Kept in the ofice of Sec’y_of the Michigan State Grange And sent out post-paid on receipt of Cash Order, over the Seal of a Subordinate Grange, and the signature of its Master or Secretary. Porcelain ballot marbles, per hundred _____ _.$0 75 Secrets:-y:s ledgt-.(i,___ _ _ _ Secre ry s recor _..... ___... .._. Treseutefis orders. bound, per hundred. . Secreb\ry’s receipts for dues. per hundred._ _ Treasui-er‘s receipts for dues, per hundred. . . A plications for membership, per hundred. _ Vlfithdrawal cards. per dozen_. . , .. Dimits, in envelopes, per dryzen.___ ._-...___ By]-Laws 05 the State Grange, single copies, 0c; per ozen “ Glad Echoes." with music, single copies, 25c;perdozeu..., ........................ .. 3 Grange Melodies, single copy, 40c; per dozen 4 Opening Songjllard, 2:: each; 75¢ per 50; 100.. Rituals, 7th edition (with combined degrees), EEGSESESN $88 in‘ §§%i%E$u"°$'i$3‘3 American Manual of Parliamentary Law--_- ' t of Laws and Rulings _______________ __ Bo books .............. ............ _. Sample package co-operative literstuts-...-. Write for pncss_on gold pins badges. working tools, staff mountings, seals. ballot boxes and any A.fiIe'L-'° mlIiE'JENN1n BUELL. Sec‘: Mich. State G , Ant Anson on GRAND RAPIDS and Indiana Railroad Jan’y. 29, 1893.—Centra.l Standard Time. GOING NORTH. No. I No. 3|No. 5 No _ _ A. M. P. M. A M. Cincinnati, Lv .__- 8 05 9 10 ,-_._ ic moud ....... __ ___ ;10 55 1145 3 P. M. A. M. Fort Wayne. Ar ______ .. 6 00 I 2 15 3 05 Fort Wayne. Lv... ____ __i 2 35 3 20 S Kalamazoo. Ar.. .. __ A. Mi 6 05 6 50 11 Kalamazoo, Lv.._. ,._ -I :‘.O 1 6 25 7 10 12 23 Grand I-;apids.Ar__.__._ ti 4:’; 8 10 9 00 2 20 : P. M. Grand Rapids, Lv .... ._ 7 20 ,1O 10 1 10 4 15 4 A. M. Cadillac ______________ __ 1125‘ 23o'50o 900 P. M. Traverse City 1 35 ____ __ 7 (I0 ____ __ Petoskc-iy.___ . 9 15 ____ __ Mackinaw, Ar ________ __ ,1». M. 8 I5 10 15 1>, M, GOING SOUTH. No. 2 No. slug. 4 P.1lI. A. M. l P.M. Mackinaw City, Lv.__._ 5 30 7 10 {I2 80 Pet-oskey. _._._..___ , 7 O3 8 -I0 l 2 U5 Traverse City ______________ ._ 11 00 1 I 30 A.M. P. M. 1 Cadillac 12. 10 120 5 6 Grand Rapids, Ar,_ _ 6 30 5 30 510 40 ll 54) Grand Rapids, Lv. _ 7 00 6 00 ill 20 2 U0 Kalamazoo. Ar . __. 8 50 8 00 12 55 3 40 Kalamazoo, Lv..._. 8 55 8 05 _____ . Fort Wayne, Ar.___ 12 40 ll 50 A. M. Fort Wayne, Lv _-. 1 00 12 10 5 I5 Richmond _._._____ .._ 4 2.0 3 40 9 15 _ Cincinnati, Ar ________ __ 7 U0 6 55 IL’ 01 P. M. A. M. P. M. P. M. Sleeping cars for Petmikey and M ckinaw on !m_.. fr_oui Grand Rapid . . V N.:"~;:-l-Litg curs, Grand xiapid. (.0 i .icago on“ o. . Nslgeping cars, Grand Rapids to Cincinnati. on o. . Nos. 1 and 4 daily south of Grand Rapids. Nos. 5 and 6 daily south of Grand Rapids. All other trains daily except Sunday. C. L. LOCKWOOD, G. P. dz T. Ag‘t, Grand Rapids. The People’s of . Lansing Savings Mich Bank Capital, $150,000.00 W. . BE/\l., Presltlellt V A. A. \VI L B L’ R , Vice President C. ll. OSBAND, Cashier \Vi: trziiisact :1 gcncrzil banking business. Pay interest on time (lt:p().\ll.5. If you Il:lV€1l11y hank- ing liiisincss l'()ITIC and see us. In writing mention Tun Games Visircn. if YOU ,T.H,l.N_K or sonic . ON i,PUT Y0.u:R "..NC?‘i-Ii; .'LE;Si'i-|_N. f‘.wRiTiN_G AN6 §'EN'o TO» GEO. De HAVEN, f.§2:‘.i;’:f.fiSg?.ifé‘J. FULL INFORMATION Prgqnigitv GIVEN. I'lere’s the Idea Of the Non-pull-out Bow The great watch saver. Saves the watch from thieves and falls—cannot be pulled off the case—costs nothing extra. 63 The how has a groove on each end. A collar runs down inside the pendant (stem) and ts into the grooves, firmly locking the bow to the pendant. so that it cannot be I . . - , pulled or twisted ofi‘. /l\ \\ Can only be had with cases stamped with this trade mark. Jas. Boss Filled Watch Cases are now fitted with this great bow (ring). Tlicy look and wear like solid gold cases. Cost only about half as much, and are guaranteed for twenty years. Sold only through watch dl Remember then me Keystonewatch Case 00. , PHILADELPHIA. PROF. A. J. COOK. It is now over six years since I built my first silo—a rectangular structure placed in my barn, and plastered inside——and over three years since I built my second, which is octagonal in form, situated just outside my barn, and lined with boards coatecl with coal tar. As I have fed tons of silage, and to all the stock I keep, horses, cattle and sheep, I have good opportunity to study the advantages of this new aid to American agriculture. I have also visited hundreds of silos, in at least four different states, and so I have had an exceptional oppor- tunity to study the mechanism of the silo, methods of planting, storing and feeding. From a most favorable chance to observe silos, their management, and the results from their use, be- fore I construcfed my first silo, I was led to a favorable view of them. The several years of actual trial have served to increase my appre- ciation of their value. THE SILO. If one has room inside a barn, the silo may be placed there. This saves a roof. Then it must be square or rectangular to economize room. But the use of the silo en- ables one to keep more stock. So quite likely, if one builds in the born, he will wish later that he had not done. so. If one builds outside, the silo should be circular. This eliminates corners, and gives sti'ength. In locating the silo, We should remember that feeding is a daily duty, and no thought should be spared to so locate the silos as to reduce‘ the work of feeding to the minimum. The ideal arrangement would be to have the silo so placed that a low cart could be run up to the door, filled and then run through an alley close in front of the feeding mangers. The silo must be air tight, and of siifficient strength to stand the strain which is by no means slight. It is also well to have the silo high 4- so as ._._o _ii;,_e;” L,;t_yi’ty,__to~_,pi;(:kgi our silage. Ift e silo is to be round, by all odds the best form where practical, I should use 2x4 studdinguancl sheet Within and without with a double thickness of half inch boards, which should break joints. The inner wall should either be coated with hot coal tar or plastered with water lime as we plaster for a cistern. In this last case we can lath or use grooved sheeting. My first silo was built this way. I whitewash it each fall with a thick cement wash, and it keeps perfectly good. Were I to build again tomorrow I think I should plaster inside. The open- ing should be continuous from top to bottom, and two feet wide. As we fill we place narrow boards against the opening against build- ing paper. As we feed we always take from the whole top, and re- move the narrow six inch boards one by one, as we come to them, Cutting down silage gives a surface to ferment, and fills the barn with offensive odors. Iron rods at the opening unite the studs each side so there is no chance for spreading. PLANTING THE CORN. In general, I would plant and care for my corn crop just as I would to secure the best crop of corn, if I had no silo. First, get all the corn possible, then the more stalks the better. We ought surely to get fifteen tons to the acre of corn and all. I plant on sod, plow the previous full or just before planting, fit by use of the invaluable Cutaway har- row, which mellows very rapidly without tearing up sod, and plant in drills, by use of the common grain drill, using the outside teeth. I have the drill, can plant fifteen acres 8. day, and get as fine crops as do those who plant with the hoe. The hoe is a relic, or should be, of the past, in the corn field. As soon as planting is over, I put 9. very wide fine tooth barrow on the field. I use a fifteen feet wide Vaughn. We harrow any way we choose without reference to rows, and keep it up till the corn is four inches or more in height. This mellows the soil, kills the weeds, and doesn’t hurt the corn. N 0, rather pushes it along to a re- markable degree. Fariners, try the barrow, and you will never be without it again. We next culti- vate by use of a good horse cul- l 1 HARVESTING AND FILLING. The time to harvest is very im- portant. Just as the ears are glazed, or just when we usually out under the old regime, is the time. We now rush till we are done. And this has always given us excellent silage. We cut all our stalks into inch pieces as we put them into the silo. We use a Morton tread power, and aSmalley No. 14 cutter. Our force is as follows: Two men in the field, two with wagons to draw, and one to feed the cutter. We have never found a. machine that would cut the corn in the field to please us. We have never tried the sled cutters, nor the old sweep harvesters. I should like to see these machines work. We certainly ought to have 8. good prac- tical harvester to help us get our com on to the wagon. We find that having the corn wet when we put it in is no objection, except additional work, and the unpleas- antness of handling wet stalks. The former idea of weighting is also antiquated. We now put a thicker layer of cut straw on our silage. If this is damp or wet it is all the better. We heap the silo up, wait two days, then heap it up again; and two days later repeat the operation, when we add the two feet; of cut straw. FEEDING. We should feed always from the whole top and have enough stock to keep the silage from fermenting. I we feed an inch 8. day, we shall accomplish this. I feed to all my stock. horses, sheep and cattle. With horses and sheep especially, some care is’ necessary at the start, and possibly it is always best to add some other food, as bright clover, though We have used silage exclusively, and with excel- lent results. If the silage is good ~and it ought always to be good, and will if the silo is air tight, and the corn cut at the proper time, it will be excellent for all our stock. Theoretically, bran, oat- meal or oil meal will be excellent to add to our silage. I have usually i)t‘.f‘Il content with the silage alone, exc~~pt.'ir~. my sheep and horses, and‘ have been pleased. In case of a work team I should prefer hay and cats with just a. little silage. Silage is 8. very loosening feed for horses and must be fed with judgment. WHY EVERY FARMER SHOULD HAVE A SILO. 1. It costs less to harvest the crop, two or three dollars less per acre. 2. The food is succulent, more appetizing, and goes farther. One acre will keep a. cow an entire year. 3. Thesucculent appctizing food keeps the stock in better health, as shown by the sleek hair, mellow skin, and greater product in meat, wool, milk, etc. *1. It enables one to do Winter dairying, when prices are high, and yet secure a product up to the maximum of quality and qu8.ut.ity. 5. It enables us to secure our corn crop in perfect condition in a wet season as well as in a dry one. In very wet autumns we cannot preserve our corn stalk fodder, which is hardly less valuable than the corn, without great loss. 6. In case of an early frost, we can still hurry our crop into the silo-, and suffer comparatively little. 7. Our grain is softened in the silo, and so we save all toll. There is no loss from indigestion in feed- ing corn from the silo. 8. The storage room is very much less when we use the silo. 9. The waste is much less. There may be some silage wasted at the top and corners of a. square silo, but with proper caution very little, but all is eaten and utilized if the silage is good. 10. It is easier and pleasanter to feed silage than coarse food, espec- ially as we note the relish with which it is eaten. SHOULD WE HAVE A FOOD AND DAIRY COMMISSIONER IN MICHIGAN? HON. E. N. BATES. The adulteration of food, and how to prevent the same, is a question which has long been before our people, and so clear and so plain has been the -evidence that adulteration does exist, and that to an alarming extent, that this part of the ques- tion has been lost sight of, and the proposed remedies in their different aspects has ab- sorbed the attention of the people most. It may not be amiss, however, to call atten- tion to the cause before we discuss reme- ted can only be detected b_y a chemical analysis, or by an expert, and right here is where the defenders of impure goods get in their strongest defense. It is nearly time for the making of maple sugar and syrup: but even now there are tons of so called maple sugar ready to thrust upon the market after the few first warm days and sold to unsuspecting cus- tomers as [mre maple sugar. Syrup is manufactured in one of our large cities and sold as pure maple or Vermont ./‘llaple or Rrffletl /‘llaple \vhich never saw a maple tree. Such goods are not unhealthy in many cases, but they are made and sold under (I false name. Their value is increased by 1/11: mime, and the sale of really pure goods is‘ injured; and the manufacturer of pure goods is forced into an unequal coin- petition; and the consumer comes to the conclusion that his tastes have changed and that there is not much difference between 1/mflc and other {V/‘uf>.v, and ceases his search for pure goods and transfers his anxiety to the price. It now comes to the r/zmpnst mu;/>10, and the producer of the adulterated goods must still farther push his trade until it carries. to be an mi/mzltlzy article of food. This process continues un- til some flagrant case comes up and is aired in our courts where the true nature of the unwholesome compound is brought out, and then some young, ambitious reporter puts the matter in public print and :1 sensa- tion is created, everybody is stirred up, and for a short time it will be made to appear that something will be done, but time smooths off the rough surface of the agi- tation; the deep and vital question which underlies all such movements is lost sight of. A few unscrupulous, shrewd, or crafty men, have made their fortunes in the mean- time and are willing to desist, and there the process steps temporarily, only to begin again when favorable opportunities present themselves. \Vh:it I have said about the products of the maple tree is true of butter, cheese, sugar, coffee, tea, spices of all kinds, drugs, medicines, and confectionery. Doubtless there is some danger of drift- ing intoa sort of pritcriialisin and expecting the government, either state or national, to do for the individual that which each one ought to do for himself, but I am clearly of the opinion that the instigation and pros- ecution of Cases for the adulteratiou of food /nus!‘ 60 11mm by a Stain Q//irzitl, and not by an individual, for the following reasons: 1. Each individiuil would be watching the particular branch of business in which he is pecuniarily interested, and, 2 His attention would naturally be con- fined to his iminetliate vicinity. The pros- ccution of such cases by neighboring part- ies, especially where adultcriition has been slight always savors more or less of spite and jealousy, engenders ill feeling and strife; whereas it has been conclusively shown by the reports of officers of adjoining states that where these cases are prosecuted by an official, appointed or elected for that express purpose, all incentives of a mercen- ary or selfish .li:iru.;ti:i‘ l"I$lli;_f removed, . .,.oni has been’ good, 'rUI(I_lI has been‘ no uncommon ‘thing for the parties arrested to come frankly to the officer and tell him that such goods were sold, only because of the sharp competition and illegitimate adul- tcration, and that they were glad there was some prospest of being delivered from the whole business; and now as to the cost, for l find that is the first and greatest question to dispose of when the matter is brought before our lawmakers. I appeared before the House committee on Agrlculturc of the 189: Legislature and the Hon. Mr. \Vatts from Jackson, being at that time a iiicniber of said committee, said it would cost at the lowest estimate from $5,000 to $7,000 pct‘ annum to equip and carry out the interests of the law under which such official would work. I would not zitteiiipt to say that I thought it could be done for less, but will any one tell me in what direction at similar sum could be expended that would promise greater returns upon the investments than this? A single wholcisule drug firm in an adjoining state made in a single yezir nearly $3,000 by the zidulteration of cream tartar alone, and physicians testified that such adulterrited cream tartar could not be used in the place of the pure article in making up prescriptions without iinperiling the life of the patient, and yet such cream tartar was sold as pure. Cases of this kind might be multiplied until they would fill :1 large volume, The food Commissioner of ()liio reports nearly enough money collected in fines to pay the expenses of his ofiice. The New York Commissioner reports the sale of some of the very worst zidultera- tions as practically stamped out from that state. ‘Why, sir! there are wholesale firms in some of the larger cities of our own state, who if they saw their business inter- ests threatened, as the business interests of the producers of this state are threatened today, would not licsitulc one moment about incurring the expense that would accrue from the establislnucnt of this office. New York, Ohio, \Visc()nsin, Minnesota and other states have food commissioners and their vigilance and activity is fast driv- ing the trallic in such goods out from their midst; and will Michigan escape? ./V0, sir. Her unguarded markets will be most eagerly sought after by the vendors of such articles, and she will fall an easy prey to their unholy designs. Agriculturists are more vitaly interested in this question than any other class of citi- zens, but it touches all. It is the first and foremost function of a. government to se- cure between its citizens a fair balance and a just measure, .repressing criminal acts, and encouraging virtue and justice. If the Legislature of 1893 will move along in the line of duty it will create this ofiice and start it on its mission without de- lay, and while some croakers may send up a. dismal howl of new offices created and money expended, the people at large will bless them for their action. ./lloliue. The Ladies’ Home ffournal for March is better than ever. It is indispensable to the women and if the men would read it they might be better husbands and fathers than they are. Any young man whose heart is fluttering in the first zephyrs of love should send :0 cents to Philadelphia for this number and read the editorials. ——-—— —~neel;iLag-lines ..tef_‘1S.a.,I'.0 l‘I:[E GRANGE VISITOR. MARCH 15, 1893 ;» S" Nofices of Meetings. St. Joseph County Pomona No. 4 will meet at Centreville Grange hall first Thursday in April. All members are requested to be present. Mus. HENRY COOK, Secretary. The next meeting of Lenawee County Pomona Grange will be held with On- stead Grange at Onstead, on April 6. Business meeting in the forenoon. A good program will be afternoon meeting, to which all fourth degree members are cordially invited. P. H. DOW'LING, Lectuerer. Berrien County Pomona. Grange will be held at Sodus Grange hall, April 4 and 5. An interesting program is in prepara- -tion and an excellent meeting is antici- pated. Patrons lend us your aid in making the meetings of 1893 grand revivals for our noble order. Mas. J. H. Rovcs, Lecturer. Hillsdale County Pomona Grange will hold its next meeting with Lickly’s Corners Grange, at the home of Brother J. B. Phillips, April 6, 1893. A good program will be rendered. A cordial invitation is extended to all Patrons. Come all and make this meeting one of the most interesting of the year. Bring something in your baskets for the din- 1181'. MRS. E. D. Nouns, County Lecturer. NEWS NOTES. The day of Cleveland's inauguration was stormy but the crowds came never- theless. It is said to have been one of the largest inaugurations in history, as regards number of people present. The arrangements were good and nothing marred the exercises except the weather. Perhaps Uncle Jerry hadit “ all fixed up” as a sort of grim greeting to Grover. The address was remarkable more for its calmness than for anything Startling or peculiarly suggestive. * 3‘ ac Some of the locomotive engineers on the Toledo & Ann Arbor railroad made some demands of the 0013930)’ resardms hours of labor, which the company re- fused to grant. The company also re- uested all engineers belonging to the Srotherhood of Locomotive Engineers to leave the road or the Brotherhood. All the engineers went out, and as the con- hauled by non-union engineerg, there seems to be a good prospect of an inter- esting fight. =II** The treaty with Hawaii has not pro- ressed so fast as was anticipated. In- deed President Cleveland has withdrawn the treaty and it seems likely that a com- mission will soon be sent to the islands to make an investigation of the actual condition of things and report the same to our government. II: ** As was anticipated in the last issue the anti-option bill failed to pass. It would seem that Col. Hatch did all that was ible, but his work was of no avail. his means that the Grange must make another strenuous campaign in favor of the measure. *** The home-rule bill is apparently being given a thorough and fair discussion. It is stated that Mr. Gladstone is pleased with the debate so far. A GRAPE VINE SPECIALIST who grows stock of the best quality, sells them at reasonable rates, furnishes all the information necessary for the success of the amatuer and vineyardist freely, does not despise small orders, but is glad of any opportunity to show his goods, and is able to fill even the largest orders; such a firm commands and deserves suc- cess. And such a firm is Lewis Roesch, Fredonia, N.‘ Y., the advertiser of 850,000 rape vines, 100 varieties. He is per- fectly reliable and responsible. A Grange ll[aster’s Recommendation. Middlesea: Co., Mass., Feb. 10, 1893. Mr. O. W. Ingersoll: DEAR SiR—It is new more than nine years since I used your Liquid Rubber Paints, they have given me entire satis- faction and have been recommended by me to many purchasers. Please send me sample cards as I wish to select for an order in a few days. Fraternally, N. B. Doucmss. (See Adv. Ingerso11’s Liquid Rubber Paints. Ed.) = Harness. You will notice on page 5 the adver- tisement of the Hand Made Harness 00., Stanton, Mich. They are reliable people, and refer to Hon. H. H. Hinds, of Stanton, member of executive commit- tee of State Grange. Write to them. SCALES. When you think of buying farm scales, wi-itetoJ. C. Gould, Paw Paw Mich. Heisoue of our “old reliable” advertisers. Write him for prices. desiring to sdvnnoo in foods. and others to provided for the ' rei ht_L ' “Low-llnwn” Milk Iiiligons. Hakeiy Wagons and Emery Wagons. particulars to the . PARSONS “LOW-I)0ll’ll" W.lG0ll 00.. Earliille. ll. Y. ne- R ' Z 'raAcTioi~iJ:iYv|nEP'5i¥-AEQEE G NES. Thrashers and Horse Powers. rite ior Illustrated Catalogue. mailed Free, ‘I Carriage Com a SPECIAL NOTICE.‘ ' Alliance Members of the Alliance, Grange, League, Union, Patrons and F. M. B. A. should order no BUGGIES, CARPIAGES VVAGOVS or HAR-i w H,“ 1 . “ * ‘ .-x.~' . ;"os,lJ.C..I>s-r:.l‘J,’9‘2‘.. l\lESS from any one until you have seen our New Grand Cate.-l _\[y .;~,,,,;,._._.,. gi,-,.5 perfect gags. ogue for 1893! Whlch 15 malled frae I40 31‘-Y 3-ddresi It SIJOWS iill<‘ii(ln and I reward ltas a superior i "A" Grade $67.50 Have used your Spiral Spring Buggy for 18 months and find iv. superior in every respect. The Phgmion has also given excellent satisfaction. EDWARD STEVENSON, (Ex-Governor of Idaho.) over one hundred new styles, representing the most popular 1,-,,1,,,.],. ;,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,e c,,,,,g,,d. J. ii. .\ii«;i